JP2945467B2 - Machine height measuring device - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a machine height measuring device for a machine used for surveying.

[Prior Art] In work using a surveying machine, it is necessary to know the machine height. The machine height refers to a distance from the center of rotation of the telescope (machine center point) to a reference point provided on the ground.
This center of rotation is on the collimating axis of the telescope. Conventionally, the machine height has been measured with a tape measure, a convex or the like.

However, in a measuring operation using a tape measure, a convex, or the like, at least two workers, a person fixing the zero point of the scale and a person reading the scale at the measuring position, are required.

[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] As described above, since the auxiliary means such as a tape measure and a convex is used for measuring the machine height, the measurement operation becomes complicated, and a measurement error due to a reading error of an operator occurs. There was a problem that it would. This is a serious problem at present when the performance and accuracy of the measuring machine are remarkable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a machine height measuring device capable of easily measuring a machine height with high accuracy. The gist of the present invention is a gist of the mechanical height measuring device described in the claims.

[Means for Solving the Problems] Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG.

The telescope 1 is rotatably supported around a horizontal center axis L1 to collimate a reference point Q to be observed. The reflecting mirror as the reflecting member 5 is provided at a predetermined distance D from the machine center point O, and reflects the collimating axis L3 of the telescope 1. The reflecting member 5 is arranged at an angle such that the reflected collimating axis L4 intersects a vertical line L2 passing through the machine center point O.

The detection means 4 is an angle A with respect to the vertical line L2 or the telescope 1
The angle A1 of the collimating axis L3 with respect to the horizontal axis L5 is detected. The detecting means 7 detects an angle B formed by the reflected collimation axis L4 with respect to the collimation axis L3.

Reference point Q provided on vertical line L2 passing through machine center point O
Is collimated by the telescope 1 via the reflecting member 5,
The calculation unit 8 calculates the vertical angle A or the altitude angle A1 of the telescope 1, the angle B formed by the collimating axis L3 and the collimating axis L4 reflected by the reflecting member 5, and from the center point O of the machine to the reflecting member 5. Is calculated based on the predetermined distance D.

5 and 6, a telescope 1 of a surveying machine is provided with an optical distance measuring means 100 to automatically measure the machine height L.

The lightwave distance measuring means 100 as a detecting means is provided with a reference point Q
The distance D + D1 between the distance and the machine center point O is detected via the reflection member 5.

The arithmetic unit 8 collimates the reference point Q provided on the vertical line L2 passing through the center point O of the machine by the telescope 1 via the reflecting member 5 when the machine center point O by the lightwave distance measuring means 100 is used. From the detected value of the distance D1 + D to the reference point Q, the angle A formed by the vertical axis L2 and the collimating axis L3, or the angle B formed by the collimating axis L3 and the collimating axis L4 reflected by the reflecting member 5, and The mechanical height L is calculated based on a predetermined distance D from the center point O to the reflecting member 5.

[Operation] During the surveying operation, the measurement of the machine height L can be performed by a simple operation of collimating the reference point Q with the telescope 1.

[Embodiment] The surveying machine shown in Fig. 1 is a digital transit having an embodiment of the machine height measuring device of the present invention.

The digital transit consists of a telescope 1, a support 2,
And a base 3. The support portion 2 has columns 2a and 2b. The telescope 1 is rotatably supported on the columns 2a and 2b so as to be indexable about a horizontal center axis L1. The base 3 supports the mounting part 2 so as to be rotatable in an indexable manner with respect to the vertical axis L2. Machine center point O on horizontal center axis L1
There is. The base 3 is supported on a normal tripod (not shown).

An encoder 4 for reading the vertical angle A (see FIG. 3) or the altitude angle A1 (see FIG. 4) of the telescope 1 from the rotation angle of the telescope 1 is built in the column 2b. The encoder 4 includes an index code plate 4b and a main code plate.
4a, a light emitting unit 4d, and a light receiving unit 4c.

The index code plate 4b is provided on the telescope 1, and rotates with the rotation of the telescope 1. Main code plate 4a is a support
Fixed to 2b. The light emitting section 4d irradiates the main code plate 4a and the index code plate 4b. Light passing through the main code plate 4a and the index code plate 4b is received by the light receiving section 4c.

A support 6 is fixed to the telescope 1. The support 6 extends parallel to the collimating axis L3, also called the optical axis of the telescope 1.
An encoder 7 is provided at the tip of the support 6. The encoder 7 also has a main code plate, an index code plate, a light emitting unit, and a light receiving unit, similarly to the encoder 4 described above. The reflection member 5 is provided on the distal end side of the support 6. The tilt angle of the reflecting member 5 with respect to the collimating axis 3 can be automatically or manually changed about the axis L7. Each encoder is, for example, an incremental encoder.

An arithmetic unit 8 and a display 9 are arranged on the column 2a. The arithmetic unit 8 receives the read signals from the encoders 4 and 7 and performs arithmetic processing to convert the read signals into angle values. That is, the encoder 4
The arithmetic unit 8 obtains the vertical angle A of the collimating axis L3 of the telescope 1 as shown in FIG. Further, based on the read signal from the encoder 7, the calculation unit 8 obtains an angle B between the collimation axis L3 and the reflected collimation axis L4. The reflected collimating axis L4 refers to the collimating axis L3 reflected by the reflecting member 5.

The distance D is a distance between the reflection point P1 of the collimation axis L3 on the reflection member 5 and the machine center point O as shown in FIGS. The distance D is predetermined. This machine center point O is on the horizontal center axis L1.

Further, the calculation unit 8 calculates the mechanical height L based on the vertical angle A, the angle B, and the distance D described above. Indicator 9 in FIG.
Digitally displays at least the value of the machine height L. In addition, the vertical angle A, the angle B, and the distance D can be desirably displayed.

FIG. 2 shows a computing unit 8 and a display 9 connected to the two encoders 4 and 7. The calculation unit 8 has two angle counting units 50 and 51 and a processing unit 63. The processing unit 63 has a display 9
Is connected. The angle counters 50 and 51 have the same configuration. The angle counter 50 is connected to the encoder 4, and the angle counter 51 is connected to the encoder 7. Angle counting unit 5
Reference numerals 0 and 51 denote a direction discriminating circuit 60, a pulse generator 61, and a counting circuit.
62.

The encoders 4 and 7 output signals having a phase difference of 90 ° from each other. The direction discriminating circuit 60 knows the rotation direction information of the encoders 4 and 7 and the pulse generator 61
The information on the number of pulses is known from Based on the information on the direction and the number of pulses, the counting is performed by the counting circuit 62, and the processing section 63 knows the altitude angle A or the angle B.

Although the value of the angle B in FIG. 2 is different from the altitude angle of the normal V of the reflecting member 5 shown in FIG. Angle B
The angle B can be obtained by providing the function of obtaining the angle B. That is, the angle B is twice the altitude angle of the normal V.
Alternatively, the calculation may be performed by the calculation unit. Further, even if the vertical angle A is replaced with the altitude angle A1 shown in FIG. 4, the function of the present invention is not impaired. In the case of FIG. 4, the collimating axis L3 and the horizontal line L5 coincide. Naturally, the angle B in FIG. 4 is the angle B in FIG.
Smaller than.

3 to 6 show examples of measuring the mechanical height L.

In FIG. 3, the telescope 1 is oriented to look at the reference point Q. The reference point Q is located immediately below the machine center point O. The normal V of the reflecting surface of the reflecting member 5 is at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the collimating axis L3 in the vertical plane including the collimating axis L3. That is, the angle B between the reflected collimation axis L4 and the collimation axis L3 is 90.
And the reflected collimation axis L4 is set so as to be directed to the reference point Q.

The predetermined distance between the reflecting point P1 of the collimating axis L3 on the reflecting member 5 and the mechanical center point O is D. The machine is the surveying machine shown in FIG.
Means the intersection of the collimation point L3 of the telescope 1 and the horizontal center axis L1 as shown in FIG.

The target 70 is installed so that the survey reference point Q determined in the surveying work can be observed, and the machine is installed using a weight ball or the like so that the machine center point O is vertically above the survey reference point Q. . Then level the machine.

The target 70 has such a shape that the position of the reference point Q, also referred to as an observation point, can be easily confirmed. For example, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 12, points, circles, or intersecting straight lines are displayed on the upper surface during installation. In particular, target 70 in FIGS. 8 and 12
Are elongate and easy to store on a tripod (not shown). Note that, instead of the target 70, it is also possible to substitute a reflecting member such as a corner cube.

First, in the case of FIG. 3, the collimating axis L3 of the telescope 1 is used.
Is adjusted, and the reference point Q is observed via the reflecting member 5 with the telescope 1. Angle B is 90 degrees. The collimating axis L3 is matched with the reference point Q on the target 70 side. From the vertical angle A known by the encoder 4, the 90-degree angle B, and the distance D known in advance, right-angled triangles O, P1, and Q that obliquely extend the machine height L are determined. That is, the mechanical height L is specified.

In the relationship between the value of the vertical angle A of the collimating axis L3 and the mechanical height L, the mechanical height L is obtained by the following equation 1 as the product of a predetermined distance D and the reciprocal of the cosine value of the vertical angle A. .

FIG. 3 shows a case where the collimating axis L3 does not coincide with the horizontal axis L5, but in FIG. 4, both coincide with each other.

That is, the collimating axis L3 of the telescope 1 is fixed in a state in which the telescope 1 is horizontally oriented at a vertical angle A (= 90 degrees). By changing the inclination of the reflecting member 5, the angle of the normal V of the reflecting member 5 with respect to the collimating axis L3 is set to an arbitrary angle smaller than 45 degrees in the vertical plane including the collimating axis L3. Collimate.
That is, the reflection collimation axis L4 is matched with the reference point Q. By obtaining the value of the angle based on the inclination of the reflecting member 5 at this time, the mechanical height L is calculated from the vertical angle A1 and the predetermined distance D.

The relationship between the inclination of the reflecting member 5 and the mechanical height L is expressed by the following equation (2).
Is obtained as Therefore, the mechanical height L is obtained as the product of the predetermined distance D and the tangent value related to the angle B.

FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show an example using the surveying machine shown in FIG. 1 to which an optical distance measuring means is further added.

FIG. 5 shows a case where the telescope 1 having the lightwave distance measuring means 100 is used. The light projection optical axis of the lightwave distance measuring means 100 is coaxial with the lens system of the telescope 1. The lightwave distance measuring means 100 emits laser light, reflects the light on the target 70, and receives the light at the light receiving section of the measuring means 100. Reflective member 5
Is normal to collimating axis L3 in a vertical plane containing collimating axis L3
Make a 45 degree angle. The direction of the reflection collimating axis L4 is set so as to form an angle of 90 degrees downward with respect to the collimating axis L3.

Further, a predetermined distance between the reflection point P1 of the collimating axis L3 on the reflection member 5 and the mechanical center point O is defined as D.

The target 70 is installed at a position determined in the surveying work, and the machine is installed using a weight ball or the like so that the center point O of the machine is vertically above the reference point Q. Then level the machine.

After setting the reflecting member 5 and the target 70, the vertical angle A of the collimating axis L3 is adjusted, and the reference point Q is collimated. The detection value D of the distance D + D1 via the reflection member 5 at this time is the distance between the mechanical center point O and the reference point Q.

From the theorem of three squares, the mechanical height L is calculated by calculating the square of a value D1 obtained by subtracting a predetermined distance D from the distance (D + D1) obtained from the lightwave distance measuring means 100 and a value of the predetermined distance D as shown in Expression 3 below. Is obtained as the value of the square root of the sum of

In FIG. 6, a telescope 1 having an optical distance measuring means 100 is used as in FIG.

In FIG. 6, the telescope 1 collimates the reference point Q, and the collimation axis L3
Is fixed horizontally.

After setting the reflecting member 5 and the target 70, the collimating axis L is fixed horizontally, and then the angle of the reflecting member 5 is changed to change the target 70.
Is collimated by the telescope 1 through the reflecting member 5. Thereby, the mechanical height L is calculated. That is, the machine height L
Is obtained as the square root of the difference between the square of the value D1 obtained by subtracting the predetermined distance D from the distance (D + D1) obtained from the lightwave distance measuring means 100 and the square of the value of the predetermined distance D from the theorem of three squares.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, the skill of the worker is not required, thereby improving the easiness of the work, and also reducing the work time by simplifying the work procedure. Be shortened.

Further, since the measurement value given as the machine height is calculated based on a mechanical detection value instead of a value read by human vision, the measurement accuracy can be improved.

According to the first aspect, the mechanical height is set to 1 by the predetermined distance, the altitude angle or the vertical angle, and the angle formed by the collimation axis and the reflection collimation axis.
It can be easily and accurately measured by humans.

According to the second aspect, the machine height can be easily adjusted by one person using the predetermined distance, the angle formed by the collimation axis and the reflection collimation axis, and the distance from the machine center point via the reflection member to the reference point. It can measure with high accuracy.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing an optical distance measuring device including a machine height measuring apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view showing an encoder, an arithmetic unit and a recording unit, and FIGS. Figure, seventh
FIG. 12 to FIG. 12 are diagrams showing examples of various targets. L1 Horizontal center axis L2 Vertical axis L3 Collimating axis L4 Reflection axis L5 Horizontal axis L Distance A Vertical angle B Angle L Machine height Q Reference point V… normal 1… telescope 5… reflective member

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G01C 15/00 G01C 1/00-1/06 G01C 5/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A telescope (1) rotatably supported around a horizontal center axis (L1) for collimating a reference point (Q) to be observed, and a predetermined distance from a machine center point (O). Is a reflecting member (5) that is provided at a distance (D) and reflects the collimating axis (L3) of the telescope (1), and the reflected collimating axis (L4) is located at the machine center point (O). A reflecting member (5) arranged at an angle so as to intersect a vertical line (L2) passing therethrough; detecting means (4) for detecting the angles (A, A1) of the telescope (1) with respect to the horizontal axis (L5); The detection means (7) for the angle (B) formed by the reflected collimation axis (L4) with respect to (L3) and the reference point (Q) provided on the vertical line (L2) passing through the machine center point (O) When collimated by the telescope (1) via the reflecting member (5), the vertical angle (A) or altitude angle (A1) of the telescope (1), the collimating axis (L3), and the reflecting member Machine height (L) based on the angle (B) formed by the collimating axis (L4) reflected by 5) and a predetermined distance (D) from the machine center point (O) to the reflecting member (5). And a calculation unit (8) for calculating the following. 2. A telescope (1) rotatably supported around a horizontal axis (L1) for collimating a reference point (Q) to be observed, and a predetermined distance from a machine center point (O). A reflecting member (5) provided at a distance (D) and reflecting the collimating axis (L3) of the telescope (1), and the reflected collimating axis (L4) passes through the machine center point (O). Detection of the distance (D + D1) via the reflecting member (5) arranged at an angle that intersects the vertical line (L2) and the reflecting member (5) connecting the reference point (Q) and the machine center point (O) Means (100) and a reference point (Q) provided on a vertical line (L2) passing through a machine center point (O) when collimated by a telescope (1) via a reflecting member (5). The detection value of the distance (D + D1) from the machine center point (O) to the reference point (Q) by the means (100), the collimation axis (L3) and the reflection by the reflection member (5) (B) formed by the collimated axis (L4) and a predetermined distance (D) from the machine center point (O) to the reflecting member (5).
And a calculating unit (8) for calculating a mechanical height (L) based on the mechanical height measuring device.