EP2358987B1 - Control and regulation method for an internal combustion engine having a common rail system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a control and regulating method for an internal combustion engine having a common rail system, in which the rail pressure is controlled in normal operation and is changed with detection of a load shedding from the control to the control mode, wherein in the control mode, the PWM signal for acting on the controlled system is temporarily set to a higher than normal operation PWM value.

In a common rail system, a high pressure pump delivers fuel from a fuel tank into a rail. The inlet cross section to the high pressure pump is determined by a variable suction throttle. On the rail are injectors via which the fuel is injected into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine. Since the quality of the combustion depends crucially on the pressure level in the rail, this is regulated. The high pressure control circuit includes a pressure regulator, the suction throttle with high pressure pump and the rail as a controlled system and a filter in the feedback branch. In this high-pressure control circuit, the pressure level in the rail corresponds to the controlled variable. The measured pressure values of the rail are converted via the filter into an actual rail pressure and compared with a desired rail pressure. The resulting deviation is then converted via the pressure regulator into a control signal for the suction throttle. The actuating signal corresponds to z. B. a volume flow with the unit liters / minute. Electrically, the control signal is designed as a PWM signal with a constant frequency, for example 50 Hz. The high-pressure control circuit described above is from the DE 103 30 466 B3 known.

Due to the high dynamics of a load shedding is technically a difficult to control process, since after a load shedding the rail pressure with a Pressure gradient of up to 4000 bar / second may increase. A passive pressure relief valve, which opens at a rail pressure of 1950 bar, protects the common rail system against an inadmissibly high rail pressure. For example, if the internal combustion engine is operated stationary at a constant rail pressure of 1800 bar and there is a complete load shedding, the period is 37.5 ms until the response of the pressure relief valve.

To improve the safety of pressure regulation suggests the DE 10 2005 029 138 B3 that is changed after detection of a load shedding from the control to the control mode. In control mode, the PWM signal for controlling the suction throttle is temporarily set via a staircase function to an increased PWM value, whereby the closing process of the intake throttle is accelerated and less fuel is conveyed into the rail. After expiry of the time-controlled staircase function, it is then returned to the control mode. A load shedding is detected by the fact that the actual rail pressure exceeds a fixed limit. The illustrated method has been proven in a full load shedding, ie the generator load is reduced from 100% to 0%.

In practice, however, it has been found that with partial load shedding the process is not yet optimal. A partial load shedding occurs when only individual electrical loads are deactivated. Under unfavorable circumstances, pressure oscillations can occur in the rail, which are caused by the fact that several times in a sequence from control to control mode with temporary PWM default is changed.

Starting from the in the DE 10 2005 029 138 B3 described temporary PWM specification, the invention is based on the object to optimize the pressure control at a partial load drop.

This object is achieved by the features listed in claim 1. In the dependent claims, the embodiments are shown.

The optimization consists in calculating the limit value for activating the temporary PWM specification as a function of the gradient of a power-determining signal. The power-determining signal in this case corresponds to either a desired speed, a desired torque or a desired injection quantity. The target speed may also correspond to an accelerator pedal position. As a measure of the size of the load shedding the gradient, for example, the target torque is used. The faster this decreases, the more load was dropped. The invention is thus based on the recognition that at a load shedding first a drop in the power-determining signal takes place and only with a time delay, the rail pressure increases. The limit value is determined via its own characteristic, which is designed in such a way that a lower limit value is set in the case of a complete load shedding, whereas a higher limit value is set in the case of a partial load shedding.

The inventive method is complementary to that from the DE 10 2005 029 138 B3 provided known method. The advantage is that the cause of the vibrations of the rail pressure is eliminated at a partial load drop. The rail pressure thus shows a more even course. Both a complete load shedding and a partial load shedding unintentional opening of the passive pressure relief valve is prevented at the same time stable rail pressure. As a pure software solution, ie additional sensors or changes to the electronic engine control unit are not required, the implementation of the invention is almost cost neutral.

Figur 1

ein Systemschaubild,

Figur 2

einen Hockdruck-Regelkreis als Blockschaltbild,

Figur 3

ein Blockschaltbild zur Bestimmung eines Ansteuersignals,

Figur 4

eine Kennlinie zur Bestimmung des Grenzwerts,

Figur 5

einen Lastabwurf als Zeitdiagramm und

Figur 6

einen Programm-Ablaufplan.

In the figures, a preferred embodiment is shown. Show it:

FIG. 1

a system diagram,

FIG. 2

a high-pressure control loop as a block diagram,

FIG. 3

a block diagram for determining a drive signal,

FIG. 4

a characteristic curve for determining the limit value,

FIG. 5

a load shedding as a time chart and

FIG. 6

a program schedule.

The FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of an electronically controlled internal combustion engine 1 with a common rail system. The internal combustion engine 1 drives an emergency generator, not shown. The common rail system comprises as mechanical components a low-pressure pump 3 for conveying fuel from a tank 2, a suction throttle 4 for influencing the Volume flow, a high-pressure pump 5, a rail 6 and injectors 8 for injecting fuel into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine. 1

The internal combustion engine 1 is controlled via an electronic engine control unit 9 (ECU). In the FIG. 1 are the input variables of the electronic engine control unit 9, the rail pressure pCR, which is detected via a pressure sensor 7, the engine speed nMOT and a size ON. The size ON is representative of the other input signals, for example for the oil or the fuel temperature. The illustrated outputs of the electronic engine control unit 9 are a PWM signal PWM for controlling the intake throttle 4, an injection-indicative signal INJ for driving the injectors 8 and a size OFF. Injection signal INJ stands for injection start, injection duration and injection end. The size OFF is representative of the other control signals for controlling the internal combustion engine 1, for example, a control signal for controlling an EGR valve. The illustrated common rail system can of course also be designed as a common rail system with individual memories. In this case, the individual memory is integrated in the injector 8, in which case the individual accumulator pressure pE is another input signal of the electronic engine control unit 9.

The FIG. 2 shows the high-pressure control loop for regulating the rail pressure as a block diagram. The input variable of the control loop is a nominal rail pressure pCR (SL). The output quantity corresponds to the raw value of the rail pressure pCR. From the raw value of the rail pressure pCR, a first actual rail pressure pCR1 (IST) is determined via a first filter 15. This is compared with the desired rail pressure pCR (SL) at a summation point A, resulting in a control deviation ep. From the control deviation ep, a pressure regulator 10 calculates a manipulated variable. The manipulated variable corresponds to a volume flow qV1 whose physical unit is liters / minute. Optionally, it is provided that the calculated nominal consumption is added to the volume flow qV1. The volume flow qV1 is then limited via a boundary 11. The limitation 11 can be speed-dependent, input variable nMOT. The output variable of the limitation 11 is a volume flow qV2. If the value of the volume flow qV1 lies in the permissible range, then the value of the volume flow qV2 is equal to the value of the volume flow qV1. Via a calculation 12, the volume flow qV2 is converted into a PWM signal PWM1. The PWM signal PWM1 represents the switch-on duration and the frequency fPWM corresponds to the frequency, for example 50 Hz. The conversion of the operating voltage and the pilot fuel pressure are taken into account. The PWM signal PWM1 is the first input of a switch 13. The second input of the switch 13 is a PWM signal PWM2. The switch 13 is controlled via a function block 17 by means of a control signal SZ. Depending on the position of the switch 13, the output signal PWM of the switch 13 corresponds either to the signal PWM1 or to the signal PWM2. With the PWM signal PWM then the solenoid of the suction throttle is applied. As a result, the path of the magnetic core is changed, whereby the flow rate of the high-pressure pump is influenced freely. The high-pressure pump, the intake throttle and the rail correspond to a controlled system 14. From the rail, a consumption volume flow qV3 is discharged via the injectors. This closes the control loop.

This control loop is supplemented by the temporary PWM specification, which comprises a second filter 16 for calculating a second actual rail pressure pCR2 (IST) and the function block 17 for determining the actuating signal SZ. The second filter 16 has a much smaller time constant than the first filter 15. The functional block 17 is in the FIG. 3 and will be explained in connection with this. The input variables of the function block 17 are a desired torque MSL, a target injection quantity QSL and the target rotational speed nSL. The power-determining signal therefore corresponds either to the setpoint torque MSL or the desired injection quantity QSL or the setpoint speed nSL. Instead of the setpoint speed nSL, an accelerator pedal position can also be used. In control mode, the switch 13 is in the position a. In the position a, the PWM signal for acting on the controlled system 14 is determined by the pressure regulator 10. If the second actual rail pressure pCR2 (IST) exceeds a limit, the function block 17 changes the signal level of the control signal SZ, whereby the switch 13 is reversed to the position b. In the position b, a PWM value PWM2 which is increased compared to the normal mode is temporarily output via the PWM preset 18. In other words, it is changed from the control mode to the control mode. The temporary PWM specification can-as shown-be implemented in a stepped manner with a first and a second time step of, for example, 10 ms each. After this period then switches the switch 13 back to position a. Thus, the control mode is set again.

The FIG. 3 shows the function block 17 for determining the actuating signal SZ, with which the position of the switch 13 is determined. The input variables are the setpoint torque MSL, the set injection quantity QSL and the setpoint speed nSL. The output variable is the actuating signal SZ. A signal S1 determines which of the three input signals is used to determine the limit value (selection 19). Also via the signal S1 is determined which of the three characteristics 21 is activated. The further description is made by way of example on the basis of the setpoint torque MSL. By way of a calculation 20, the gradient GRAD of the setpoint torque MSL is determined, and a limit value GW is assigned to the gradient GRAD via the characteristic curve 21. The characteristic 21 is in the FIG. 4 and is explained in connection with this. Via a comparator 25, the limit value GW and the second actual rail pressure pCR2 (IST) are compared with one another. If the second actual rail pressure pCR2 (IST) exceeds the limit value GW, the control signal SZ is set, whereby the switch 13 changes to the position b. In position b, the temporary PWM specification, ie the control mode, is activated.

In the FIG. 4 is one of the three characteristics 21, shown here for the target torque as input. The abscissa shows the gradient GRAD in Nm / s. On the ordinate the limit value GW is plotted in bar. The characteristic curve 21 consists of an abscissa-parallel, first straight line section 22, a second straight line section 23 with a positive slope and an abscissa-parallel, third straight line section 24. The basic idea of the invention is to design the limit value GW variably via the characteristic curve 21. If a high load is dropped during load shedding, the result is a very high negative gradient GRAD (GRAD <-60000 Nm / s) of the setpoint torque MSL. Therefore, a limit value GW is calculated over the first straight line section 22, which is only slightly above the maximum stationary rail pressure of 1800 bar, here: 1840 bar. This prevents the temporary PWM increase from being activated too late and the passive pressure relief valve responding at a rail pressure of 1950 bar. If, on the other hand, a load shedding drops a small to medium load, the result is a small negative gradient GRAD (0>GRAD> -25000 Nm / s) of the set torque MSL. Therefore, a limit value of GW = 1970 bar is calculated via the third straight line section 24, so that triggering the temporary PWM increase has no effect. Becomes a medium load dropped, so there is a mean gradient GRAD (-60000 <GRAD <-25000 Nm / s), which is assigned via the second straight section 23, a corresponding limit. For example, a gradient GRAD = -43000 Nm / s is assigned a limit value of GW = 1900 bar via the operating point A on the second straight line section 23.

The FIG. 5 shows a load shedding as a time diagram. The FIG. 5 consists of the subfigures 5A to 5C. The FIG. 5A shows the course of the target torque MSL over time. The FIG. 5B shows the course of the target rail pressure pCR (SL) as a dot-dash line and the course of the rail pressure pCR (raw values) over time. The FIG. 5C shows the course of the PWM signal PWM over time. In the FIG. 5B and the FIG. 5C For example, the solid line indicates a course according to the prior art, whereas the dashed line indicates a course according to the invention. Further consideration was based on load shedding from 100% load to 50% load.

The procedure of the prior art method is as follows:

The setpoint torque MSL is reduced from 10,000 Nm to 5000 Nm after time t1. Since the desired rail pressure pCR (SL) is calculated via a characteristic map as a function of the setpoint torque MSL and the actual rotational speed, the setpoint rail pressure pCR (SL) decreases after the time t1 from 1800 bar to 1750 bar (FIG. Fig. 5B ). The rail pressure pCR increases after load shedding. Due to the increasing, negative control deviation ( Fig. 2 : ep) the pressure controller calculates an increasing PWM signal in the time range t1 / t2 in the FIG. 5C , Due to the increasing PWM signal PWM, the suction throttle is actuated in the closing direction. At time t2, the rail pressure pCR exceeds the fixed limit value GW = 1840 bar, switching from control to control operation. In control mode, the temporary PWM boost is activated by first increasing the PWM signal to 100% and then to 50% duty cycle during the passage of two time stages. As a result of the temporary increase in PWM, the rail pressure pCR drops again, to about 1650 bar. The control deviation therefore increases up to approximately 100 bar. If the rail pressure pCR drops below the setpoint rail pressure pCR (SL), then the time steps of the temporary PWM increase have already expired so that the control mode is reactivated. As a result of the resulting positive control deviation decreases the PWM duty cycle after the time t3 to the minimum value of 4%. The suction throttle is now fully open again, so that the rail pressure pCR rises sharply. Since the setpoint rail pressure pCR (SL) at 50% load is only 50 bar below the setpoint rail pressure at 100% load, the rail pressure pCR at overshoot (period t4 / t5) again reaches the limit value GW with 1840 bar. It is therefore at the time t5 again changed to the control mode and the temporary PWM increase activated. As a result, the rail pressure pCR drops again. Like from the FIG. 5B is clearly visible on the basis of the rail pressure pCR (solid line), the multiple activation of the temporary PWM increase causes corresponding pressure oscillations of the rail pressure pCR.

The procedure of the method according to the invention is as follows:

The gradient GRAD is calculated from the course of the setpoint torque MSL. Characteristic curve 21 assigns a limit value of 1900 bar to the calculated gradient GRAD in this example. This limit is in the FIG. 5B drawn as time axis parallel line 26. The rail pressure pCR remains below this limit, so that the temporary PWM increase is not activated. It is therefore left in control mode. Due to the initially increasing control deviation, a maximum PWM value of 22% is output, that is to say the suction throttle is completely closed. Like in the FIG. 5B is shown, the rail pressure pCR (dashed line) approaches the target rail pressure pCR (SL) this time without vibrations.

The FIG. 6 shows a reduced program flowchart of the method. At the beginning of the procedure, the control mode is activated. At S1 the nominal rail pressure pCR (SL) and the first actual rail pressure pCR1 (IST) are read in and at S2 the control deviation ep is calculated. Based on the control deviation ep, the pressure controller determines its manipulated variable, which is converted into the PWM signal PWM1, S3. With this then the controlled system is acted upon, since the switch (Fig. 2: 13) is in the position a. Therefore, PWM = PWM1, S4. At S5, the gradient GRAD of the power-determining signal is calculated. The power-determining signal corresponds either to the setpoint torque MSL, the desired injection quantity QSL or the setpoint speed nSL. The setpoint torque MSL and the desired injection quantity QSL correspond to the manipulated variable of a speed control loop. At S6 then over the selected characteristic (Fig. 4: 21) determines a variable limit GW. Thereafter, at S7 it is queried whether the second actual rail pressure pCR2 (IST) is greater than / equal to the second actual rail pressure pCR2 (IST). If this is not the case, query result S7: no, the control mode remains activated at S9 and the PWM signal still corresponds to the value PWM1. Then the program sequence is ended. If, on the other hand, it was determined at S7 that the second actual rail pressure pCR2 (IST) is greater than / equal to the limit value GW, query result S7: yes, the control mode is changed at S8 and the temporary PWM increase is activated while the PWM signal PWM corresponds to the signal PWM2. Thereafter, the program sequence is ended.

reference numeral

1

Internal combustion engine

2

tank

3

Low pressure pump

4

interphase

5

high pressure pump

6

Rail

7

Pressure sensor (rail)

8th

injector

9

electronic engine control unit (ECU)

10

pressure regulator

11

limit

12

Calculation PWM signal

13

switch

14

controlled system

15

first filter

16

second filter

17

function block

18

PWM assignment

19

selection

20

calculation

21

curve

22

first straight section

23

second straight section

24

third straight section

25

comparator

26

limit

Claims (4)

1. Control and regulation method for an internal combustion engine (1) having a common rail system, in which method, during normal operation, the rail pressure (pCR) is regulated by virtue of a regulating deviation (ep) of the rail pressure (pCR) being calculated and a PWM signal (PWM) for the activation of a suction throttle (4) as part of the regulating path (14) by means of a pressure regulator (10) being defined on the basis of the regulating deviation (ep), wherein an increasing PWM signal (PWM) actuates the suction throttle (4) in the closing direction, as a result of which the delivery flow of a high-pressure pump (5) is reduced, in which method a load dump is identified if the rail pressure (pCR) exceeds a threshold value (GW), and in which method, upon the identification of a load dump, the rail pressure (pCR) is controlled by virtue of the PWM signal (PWM) being set temporarily, by means of a PWM preset (18), to a PWM value (PWM2) which is elevated in relation to normal operation,
   characterized
   in that the threshold value (GW) for the activation of the temporary PWM preset is calculated as a function of the gradient (GRAD) of a power-determining signal, wherein the power-determining signal corresponds either to a setpoint torque (MSL), to a setpoint injection quantity (QSL) or to a setpoint rotational speed (nSL).
2. Method according to Claim 1,
   characterized
   in that the threshold value (GW) is determined by means of a selectable characteristic curve (21).
3. Method according to Claim 1,
   characterized
   in that the setpoint torque (MSL) or the setpoint injection quantity (QSL) are determined as actuating variables in a rotational speed regulating loop.
4. Method according to Claim 1,
   characterized
   in that the setpoint rotational speed (nSL) corresponds to an accelerator pedal position.

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