EP2122869A1 - Method for measuring information of technical systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for measuring information of technical systems. The aim of the invention is to receive signals using less energy. To achieve this, random generators are used as receivers (B) of low-energy quanta, since the random generators can be regarded and implemented as antennae and receivers of signals of this type. The extensive natural transmission range of low-energy quanta can also be used to receive information from spatially remote systems.

Description

 Method for measuring information of technical systems

The invention relates to a method for measuring information from technical systems.

The method is suitable for measuring the Entropie- and information state of a technical system.

It is well known to detect information by measurement by means of suitable procedures to send, transmit, receive and evaluate. ¹

A disadvantage of the conventional methods is that a relatively large amount of energy must be applied to convey information. Even the most modern mobile phones have some watts or milliwatts of transmission power to transmit the information of a language.

In order to transmit the information (messages) by means of electromagnetic waves _, the messages modulated onto a carrier wave of suitable frequency and power (eg amplitude or frequency modulation) and transmitted and this modulated carrier wave can then be received by a receiver, decoded and further processed. Suitable receivers for electromagnetic waves are antennas of suitable length (Λ / 2 or Λ / 4 dipoles) or other resonators with suitable wave or radiation resistance. It is state of the art to receive or transmit waves having a frequency of, for example, 30 kHz to 30 THz, which corresponds to wavelengths of 10 km to 10 μm. Waves of higher frequencies, eg infrared or optical frequencies, are also technically processed. Furthermore, in some special physical disciplines (eg nuclear physics) one deals with electromagnetic waves of extremely high frequency and energy, eg with gamma rays.

Fritsche, Witschel: Information Transfer, VEB Verlag Technik, Berlin, 1989 Problematic or partially impossible, however, is the reception, processing and transmission of electromagnetic long-wave waves, ie waves whose frequency is in the extremely low range, eg in the heart area, which thus have wavelengths of several hundred or thousand kilometers. This is therefore technically difficult, since for the reception resonators (oscillating circuits) with extremely low resonance frequency and yet suitable characteristic impedance are necessary, which requires antenna systems of very large spatial extent. There are technical approaches to use the earth's ionosphere itself as an antenna and thus to generate or manipulate waves of very large wavelength, which however requires a very large amount of equipment and thus remains reserved for a few institutions. But even these approaches fail if you want to receive electromagnetic waves with several 10,000 km wavelength.

Furthermore, it is known that the waves have both particle and wave characteristics and that the associated properties can be determined with different measurement methods. It is also known that electromagnetic waves consist of quanta that obey the laws of quantum physics. An example is the well-known double-slit experiment, which shows the wave character of such photons or quanta, while other experiments, such as measuring the radiation pressure, illustrate the particle character of such quanta ² .

Since there is a clear mathematical relationship between frequency and energy, it is not possible in the current state of the art to detect quanta, e.g. electromagnetic quanta, with extremely low energy (frequency) to receive or send targeted.

The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a device with which quanta, so-called. Low energy or Niedrigstenergiequanten - so quantum with energies below 10 ^"32 joules - can be measured, received and sent to new applications of a To realize information transmission.

^! DI Blochinzew: Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics, Publisher Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt, 1988 This object is achieved by a method specified in claim 1 and a specified in claim 17 device for measuring information from technical or biological systems, in which the low-energy signals by suitable receiver, so-called. Random number generators, received and evaluated, the physical relationship between Frequency and energy are used after E = h * f (with E is the energy of a quantum, f its frequency and h = 6.626 * 10 ^"34 Js, the so-called Planck's constant ³ ) to determine the energy of the signal to be received and designing the random number generators as receivers or transmitters of such low power signals.

Advantageous embodiments are disclosed in the subclaims.

The new approach to the measurement of lowest energies and thus lowest frequencies creates previously unknown technical applications.

In support of the understanding of the invention, in parallel with the law of conservation of energy, an information conservation theorem of nature is postulated, stating that information can not be lost. Information can only be converted - as well as energy - from one form (e.g., random information ≡ entropy) to another form (structure information), i.

Overall information I = structure information S + random information H + residual information U

I = S + H + U (1.1)

U stands for a possibly yet to be introduced unknown type of information. The moment random information H turns into structure information S through semantic knowledge, equation (1.1) has not changed the overall information I of an object.

¹ Brandt, Dahmen: Quantum mechanics on the personal computer, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993 From the above-mentioned parallels between conservation of energy and conservation of information it follows that between two objects with different entropy density (information density) an entropy exchange (information exchange) can occur, just as there is an energy exchange between two objects of different energy until the energy difference is balanced ,

If there is an entropy difference ΔH = Hi - H ₂ between two objects 1 and 2 and a possible possibility of compensation, then the following applies to the entropy flux HF:

H _F ~ ΔH. (1.2)

The entropy flux HF is proportional to the entropy gradient of the two objects and is directed so that the entropy from the object higher entropy (eg Hi) to the object of low entropy (eg H ₂ ) flows off until an entropy balance has taken place.

By the relationship (1.1) between entropy H and information I, the entropy transmission can be set equal to an information transmission, i. Information transfer and entropy transfer are treated as equivalent in the description because they are mathematically interconvertible. For example, a bit string of 20 bits has a total information of 20 bits. How many bits of this are structural information and how much random information always depends on the context, but both are interconvertible. In the following, however, simplified talk is made of entropy transmission.

It is known that the exchange of information between two objects by so-called. Quantum (eg quanta of the electromagnetic field, ie photons) of a given energy or frequency. It is customary in this case to receive quanta of a specific energy, which are emitted as an electromagnetic wave with the wavelength λ, by means of special devices and methods. The usual oscillating circuits are those used in every radio receiver. The resonant circuit must be tuned to the frequency f of the wave (with f = λl c with c is the speed of light) and for receiving one needs an antenna. It is known that the antenna obey the Λ / 4-law, ie the length of the antenna dipole should be λ, Λ / 2 or / 1/4 ⁴ .

It is further known that these methods and devices only wave up to a certain wavelength, e.g. Longitudinal shafts, can receive. Waves with an even longer wavelength (for example 10000 km and more) and thus extremely low frequency and low energy are not receivable according to the current state of the art.

For example, conventional television waves have a frequency> 30 MHz, i. Wavelengths of <10 meters. Conventional LW radio waves have a frequency of> 30 kHz, i. Wavelengths <10 kilometers. In this area usually vary the electromagnetic radio waves and frequencies of common technical applications. However, there are many technical applications with much higher frequencies, e.g. Microwaves (λ = 1 mm to 1 m, f = 300 MHz to 300 GHz), spectroscopies (Λ = 30 μm to 3 mm, f = 0.1 THz to 10 THz) or infrared remote controls (Λ = 780 nm to 1 mm, f > 300 GHz). Longitudinal waves, such as have been received and / or sent by special systems, for example, have a frequency of 3 kHz and thus a wavelength <100 km. The reception of waves (quanta) with a wavelength of several hundred or a thousand kilometers is currently not technically possible or only with extremely great effort.

It is the object of the invention to develop a method for measuring information of technical systems, which makes it possible to receive waves of extremely large wavelengths (up to several thousand kilometers and more) and thus extremely low energy.

According to the generally known equations λ = c / f and E = h * f with h «6.63 * 10 ^{" 34} Js, for example, 8 Hz corresponds to the following wavelength and thus the following energy of the emitted 8 Hz quanta: λ «37,500 km and E = 5.3 * 10 ^"33 J.

From the Heisenberg blur theorem ⁵

Liebscher: Broadcasting, television and sound storage technology, VEB Verlag Technik, Berlin, 1981 Δp * Δx> h (2.1.)

where Δp is the accuracy of the impulse, Δx is the accuracy of the location, and h Planck's constant is still such that, for example, these 8 Hz quanta are undetermined over the location of 37,500 km.

For the further description the following terms are introduced (the classification is simplified and serves only the term clarification, the physically exact limits are to be taken from the literature):

Another object of the invention is to provide a device for measuring information of technical systems.

The invention makes it possible to receive LEQ quanta or LSTEQ quanta, while other quanta (e.g., radio quanta) can also be received. Today, there are technical solutions (radio, television, mobile phone receivers) for the reception of radio quanta, but not yet for the reception of low-energy quanta, which is why the description concentrates on the latter. The technical design for the reception of both low-energy quanta (4,5) is the same, only the application possibilities

⁵ W. Heisenberg: "On the Illustrative Content of Quantum Theory Kinematics and Mechanics" 1927, in "Documents of Natural Science", Physics, Battenberg Verlag, Stuttgart, 1963 differences are different. For example, LEQ quanta are suitable for remote monitoring or diagnostics. LSTEQ quanta are predestined for forecasting tasks. In the following, however, the terms low-energy quanta and lowest-energy quanta are used synonymously whenever a distinction is not necessary.

There are several possibilities for the execution of the invention, two of which are to be mentioned by way of example, whereby the variant 2.1.b) is deepened:

2.1. a) Reception of the signals by receivers whose paths were designed and made constructive accordingly. For example, the track lengths on integrated circuits were as early as 1985 about 40 km long. Assuming that these tracks correspond to technical antennas, frequencies of 7.494 KHz were receivable.

According to the invention, to receive signals of the lowest energy, corresponding receivers are designed which have a specific strip conductor configuration. Although this design is technically demanding, it is physically and conceptually trivial.

An interesting side effect is that even today all technical devices with such conductor tracks, e.g. Computer processors, intentionally or unintentionally, record and also emit such low-energy signals that can not be shielded without the clearing system (see below). Thus, it comes intentionally or unintentionally permanently to communication between, for example, processors and other processors or biological systems.

A sub-task of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device for a clearing system, which restricts or prevents the emission and thus foreign reception of information worth protecting.

2.1.b) Receiving the signals by measuring the influence of microsystems, such as atoms, electrons, etc. From a certain minimum energy is the complexity of the Ingenious design and construction of antennas are no longer possible or too expensive, so you have to use a fundamentally different process. According to the invention, for example, systems are used which have a certain arrangement of microparticles whose change can be registered.

For example, interfaces of semiconductors, radioactive decay processes, constructions in which photons are reflected with a certain probability and much more are suitable for this purpose.

Alterations of microparticles, e.g. The fact that their momentum or their spin changes can be measured by suitable devices. For the measurement of spin changes one can use special magnetic measuring devices so-called "spin measuring devices", which is already rudimentary in MRI scanners today.

A new measurement method based on 2.1.b) for measuring low-energy quanta represents the use of noise generators conventionally used to generate random numbers.

According to the invention, therefore, a random process is used for the reception of signals (quanta). For the reception of low-energy signals (LEQ, LSTEQ quanta), the random process must be suitably designed.

Suitable random processes can be realized by mathematical random number generators (pseudo-random generators, time random number generators, π random number generators) or physical random number generators (physical noise generators). The noise signals of physical noise generators can be generated by various physical processes, such as thermal noise, radioactive noise, magnetic noise, otoacoustic noise, biological noise, photon noise, etc. In these processes, the movement of microparticles (eg, electrons in thermal noise at semiconductor interfaces) or photo In photon noise (Quantisgeräte ⁶ ) converted into an electrically measurable signal, which is then interpreted as a noise signal (random signal).

According to the invention, signals from random processes are often not real random signals, but indicate the reception of lowest energy waves whose energy is just sufficient to affect, for example, the microparticles (electrons) of a noise generator.

A well-known example for the reception of broadband signals is provided by the so-called fractal antennas, which are present in numerous applications (eg mobile phones, cars), since they are capable of miniaturizing extremely small antennas which nevertheless can receive the desired wavelengths (Fractal Antennas: A Novel Antenna Miniaturization Technique and Applications, J. Gianvittorio and Y. Rahmat-Samii in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine Vol. 44, No.1, Feb. 2002).

Such antennas are also formed at the boundary layers of the pn junctions of semiconductors. The doping process produces molecular structures that are similar to the technically generated fractal antennas, albeit on a different scale. The naturally formed fractal antennas of semiconductor devices are suitable for receiving broadband signals. As their structures, although folded, are spatially large, they are suitable for receiving low frequency signals. That Even simple diodes can be used to receive LEQ and LSTEQ quanta.

Particularly suitable for the reception of biological signals are avalanche diodes, for the reception of technical signals z-diodes. But even the tracks of complex digital switching networks, such as processors, are for receiving o.g. Technically suitable LEQ and LSTEQ quanta.

The microparticles or their natural or technical connection to resonant circuits are thus according to the invention antennas of LEQ and LSTEQ quanta. Their spatial arrangement on an interface determines the possibility of receiving signa

⁶ www.idquantique.ch len wavelength, since the antennas and the wavelength of the signal must be in a certain resonance condition. The length of such an antenna at semiconductor interfaces may be several meters to thousands of kilometers, allowing the reception of signals of the appropriate wavelength.

It is well known that the semiconductor effect is a quantum mechanical effect, because through entanglement of the electrons (holes) whole columns of electrons (holes) can act like a single electron (hole) and migrate through the semiconductor. Thus, the reception by means of semiconductor noise generators is ultimately based on a quantum mechanical process (Robert B. Laughlin, Abschied der Weltformel, Piper Verlag, Munich, 2007). This is advantageous in that it allows quantum-mechanical effects to be used selectively.

Each semiconductor is thus an information receiving device based on a quantum mechanical process that obeys the laws of emergence. Specific emergence patterns arise from spatial and / or temporal proximity.

The physical effects of quantum quantum self-interference described in this invention are achieved by the use according to the invention, in particular of semiconductors as long-wave antennas, i. Low energy quanta (LEQ, LSTEQ), made technically usable. Semiconductor-based noise generators are thus information receiving devices that enable physically induced quantum effects of the low-energy range in technically exploitable applications. Thus, from a technical point of view, it does not matter whether the quanta are received by fractal antennas at the interfaces of the semiconductors (and thus satisfy the well-known Λ / 4 conditions, page 5) or whether their reception is enabled by temporal self-entanglement of the quanta is thus directly generated by the temporal sampling of the random signal.

It is known from the theory of phase transitions that in a spatial process suddenly new patterns can arise that affect all particles of the environment. On this, for example, the properties of the metallic phase, the sudden freezing of water uvm. In the same way emergence can also create patterns when the processes are close in time. The spatial distance does not play a decisive role here. These properties of the temporal emergence can be used purposefully, since thereby an entropy or information transport (also over larger distances) can be realized. The microparticles of transmitter and receiver can, under appropriate circumstances, generate temporally synchronous patterns, ie oscillate synchronously.

Random or noise generators are thus information or Entropieempfangsgeräte. For example, if you want to detect fault conditions, they are therefore suitable as entropy meters for the environment. The random number generators permanently receive the energy and entropy (information) of the objects surrounding them.

Fig1. shows a device DEVICE for receiving such quanta. The quantum EQ of the environment ENV with a distance s to the device DEVICE are received by a random number generator RNG, whereupon its noise behavior changes. The resulting random number sequences ⁷ are passed on to a processing unit PRZ, where they are evaluated and compared.

In the presence of high entropy objects near noise generators, these objects emit entropy and the noise generator receives the radiated entropy, which could be seen, for example, from increasing the entropy of the noise generator, i. the fluctuation of the number sequences generated from the noise generator increases. There is an entropy exchange between environment ENV and noise generator RNG. On the other hand, a noise generator can emit entropy to the environment when a receiver resonates with it and there is an entropy gradient.

⁷ Although the random number sequences produced a noise generator according to the invention by receiving quantum, that are causal, they are to be referred to hereinafter as yet random sequences because these sequences are all statistical tests of randomness. This is because the tests perform a statistical analysis of the sequence rather than a semantic analysis. A semantic evaluation was also not necessary so far, because the consequences of noise generators actually and not only seemingly as random assumed. Although there is a causal influence on random number generators, their consequences will always be random because the generators represent an additive and / or multiplicative superposition of very many and complex states of received quanta. The resonance condition is present for the time being exactly as is customary in telecommunications, if the receiver can record the frequency (wavelength). In contrast to conventional telecommunications, however, this involves the exchange of low-energy quanta, that is to say quanta having a very small frequency or a very large wavelength. Other forms of the resonance condition via a so-called resonance key are disclosed on page 13. In particular, when exchanging information, a semantic resonance condition must be created, since otherwise the receiver does not recognize the information from the transmitter as such, but interprets it as a random signal.

An example of random generators capable of receiving low energy quanta (even LEQ quanta) is well known to those skilled in the art. For example, in the design of random number generators (eg thermal noise generators), special efforts are made to shield these generators from AC influences. The alternating current in Europe has a frequency of 50 Hz, which, according to E = h * f, corresponds to an energy of its quanta of 3.31 * 10 ^'32 J and a wavelength of approx. 5995 km. Random generators can now receive quanta with an energy of 3.31 * ^10'32 J. If the generator is not very well shielded or constructed by appropriate measures such as the construction of balanced circuits for mutually canceling the alternating current components in the noise, then you can see the influence of the alternating current in the trend image of a noise sequence display system even with the naked eye. Random generators influenced in this way therefore do not pass random tests for chance. Therefore, the (involuntary) reception of quanta of low energy (eg 50 Hz quanta) in random generators is extremely annoying these days although it has not been recognized as such until now.

An essential part of such information exchange of low-energy quanta is that it can hardly be shielded with currently known methods, since 1) the energy of the quanta is so small that the quantum with the surrounding materials (electrons, atoms, nuclei) often interact only very slightly and thus can penetrate through these materials and 2), especially with low-energy quanta effects of the electromagnetic near field, in particular the radial proportion effect (longitudinal portion) can be used. As a result, our environment constantly flooded with myriads of quanta. Every biological and technical system can filter and process the quanta that are useful for it from this "quantum mixture" by means of suitable filtering, addressing and calibration routines.

This makes it possible to measure the information state of a system or any other technical object and system over a large spatial distance. During such a measurement, it always comes to the exchange of low-energy quanta.

If signals of the lowest frequency are received with the detectors, further peculiarities arise. It is known from communications engineering that there are two fundamentally different areas in the case of electromagnetic waves: the near field and the field (Zinke, Brunswig, Hochfrequenztechnik 1, Springer Verlag, 6th edition, Berlin, 2000). In the technically conventional case, the properties of the far field are used, which are based essentially on the transverse properties of the Hertzian waves. This is because only a range of one to two times the wavelength of a near field, and moreover always a far field. The frequencies commonly used today therefore have a near field, which is small, at most only a few inches to meters. This does not apply to the LEQ frequencies. The waves used here have a wavelength of up to 300,000 km (1 Hz) but mostly 30,000 km (10 Hz).

For example, near f = 50 Hz at a distance of 1000 km there is still near field (ibid., P. 386).

Therefore, whenever using LEQ frequencies on Earth, you must always consider the characteristics of the near field. From the telecommunications industry is now also known that in particular in the near field each electromagnetic signal also has longitudinal (radial) shares; it is this longitudinal portion that contributes to the detachment of the Hertzian wave (ibid., p. 388). In the near field, magnetic and electrical components of the field are phase shifted by 90 degrees, not in the far field. The near field of a Hertzian dipole is for the most part electrical in nature. There the longitudinal parts fall with 1 / r ³ (r is the distance to the transmitter), but the transversal parts only with 1 / r ² one only has the transversal properties of the wave at a certain distance from the transmitter, which is used by today's common technical applications ,

In the near field, however, there are other phenomena. The longitudinal fraction is difficult to shield with conventional methods. This means, however, that signal sources which are used in the e.g. in the 10 Hz range, a difficult to shield near field of 10,000 - 30,000 km swing around it.

Low energy quanta have a large spatial penetration, they can be received almost anywhere on the earth's surface.

Thus, according to the invention, information about desired objects can be recorded. Due to the near field character of the low energy quanta, the objects can be in a large spatial distance, which can be several thousand kilometers and much more. The objects may be technical installations, equipment of any kind, cars, power plants, airplanes, computers, etc.

With suitable receivers, therefore, states of technical objects can be received anywhere on earth. This reduces the signal transmission to the reception and in particular the filtering of the desired signals from the composite signal at the receiver, because each random process, in particular each semiconductor device receives the signals from millions of transmitters, all of which are superimposed. From this, the superposition generates the random signal recognizable to the person skilled in the art, which actually satisfies almost all criteria of a random signal (autocorrelation, etc.).

Since the low energy quanta in the near field range are poorly resonant with their environment, they can be transmitted over long distances. Nevertheless, a shielding of such measurements may be wanted, as there may be technical systems that should not be measured for their informational status. Conventional shielding such as iron, lead, water and much more. but are not suitable net because the low energy quanta do not interact enough with these materials.

According to the invention, an entropy sink, a so-called clearing system, is used for the shielding, which can interact with all known quanta of lowest energy. As a result, the entropy from the technical system does not flow to the meter but into the entropy sink, so that the system can not be measured. The entropy of the sink must be less than the entropy of the respective measuring devices, so that the entropy gradient leads from system to the clearing system and not to the measuring device.

The Entropiesenke is a suitable random generator, which is designed so that it can interact with the respective quantum. The design takes place, for example, over the wavelength of the quanta to be received. In doing so, e.g. the boundary layer of a semiconductor is designed so that a spatially crossing free chain of electrons or holes is formed, which have the predetermined path length (depending on the wavelength of the quantum).

Random generators are technical tools for receiving low energy quanta. At this reception, besides the energy, the information of the quantum is received. By means of a downstream circuit technology, the information can be filtered, evaluated and stored.

Fig. 2 shows a possible means for data communication of binary sequences BITS of "0" and "1". The processing unit PRZA of a transmitter controls a random number generator RNGA such that a high entropy is set on the RNGA in the transmission of the bit "1", a low entropy on the transmission of the bit "0". The information can also be transmitted directly, but the approach of coding the information into entropy values leads to better robustness. The receiver B has received from the transmitter in advance a unique identification ID. The entropy set at transmitter A is emitted into the environment by low-energy quanta LEQ. The receiver B filters from the random number sequence of its random number generator RNGB with the aid of the module addressing and calibration ADR_TUN the from Transmitter radiated entropy information and decodes these in its signal processing unit PRZB back into the binary sequence of numbers. Although both transmitter A and receiver B have different random number sequences at their random number generator RNGA and RNGB, this method transmits a previously desired binary bit sequence BITS from the transmitter to the receiver, whereby the distance s can be very large since the actual transmission anyway, because LEQ quanta have a large natural transmit range. Since any message can be represented as a sequence of binary numbers BITS, this method allows any messages (text, images, voice) to be transmitted over very long distances.

Important tasks for transmitting information (messages, data) from a transmitter to a receiver are the solution of a) addressing, i. the selection of the received information at the receiver B from the information mixture of the environment and b) the interpretation of the excursions of the random number generator RNGB.

Solutions for both tasks are described below.

a) addressing or selection

The addressing takes place by transfer of addresses of the sender to the receiver. Addresses are, for example, resonance keys or surrogates of the transmitter. The sender permanently transmits his information to the environment. The task of the receiver is to filter out this information. Since the low energy quanta can be transmitted over a very large distance, the receiver has overlays of all possible quanta, i. Also available from very far away stations. From these overlays, the receiver must filter out the quanta of the transmitter.

There are several methods for selection. On the one hand, the method of calibration between transmitter and receiver, see the following paragraph b), on the other hand, the detection of the transmitter due to its individual transmitter characteristics. Since the selection of the Transmitter is not due to the determination of signal amplitudes, the distance between transmitter and receiver also plays a minor role.

Every material production process entails a cross between original (A) and duplicate (A1), in the sense that the original and the duplicate are in constant communication and the information exchange can be filtered out from the other environmental influences. The original and the duplicate are, so to speak, in a potential resonance relationship.

For the physically realized entanglement, two alternative views are possible, but both have the same technical applications.

i) The entanglement must not be understood quantum mechanically, because it is not the case that what happens to object A happens instantaneously object A1, in the sense of the known effect of entangled quantum states. The entanglement means only a fine tuning of the frequency so that original and duplicate information can be exchanged.

ii) The entanglement must be understood quantum mechanically, that is, what happens to the quanta of object A also instantaneously passes the quantum at object A1 in the sense of the well-known remote effect of entangled quantum states. However, since there is no absolute identical duplicate, the effects of the changes in A are currently receivable at A1, but since A1 also has other quanta than A, the state of A1 does not change identically to the state of A. Only the entangled Quanta of A and A1 change their states identically.

Both i) and ii) can technically be used in the same way so that a receiver tunes to the frequency of a transmitter.

There are three ways of addressing: 1.) The addressing of a transmitter A at the receiver B can be done via any type of surrogate A1, ie parts of the object of A itself, digital fingerprints, identical components (eg identical diodes at sender and receiver), unique serial numbers, etc. The surrogates For example, via a special device (Plattenkondenstoren, windings, measuring cup) inductively or capacitively coupled into the resonant circuit of the semiconductor device used.

2.) Another way of addressing is the alignment of the receiver to the desired object with appropriate probes, antenna systems or collimators.

3.) Another simple way of addressing is given by the choice of sampling frequency. Transmitter objects and receivers roar on a very broad spectrum. By choosing its sampling rate, the receiver decides which quantum with which energy it would like to receive. If, for example, quanta of the energy E = 5.3 * 10 ^"33 J, ie 8 Hz quanta, are to be received, then a sampling rate of the noise generator of 16 Hz is suitable Higher-frequency noise components were essentially generated by other quanta The evaluation algorithm used determines whether the "pure" 8 Hz values are used or whether the noise generator is still sampled higher, but only 8 Hz middles are used for further processing flow into it.

b) Interpretation or calibration

b1) Motivation for calibration

Today, there are various projects around the world to identify patterns from global or local noise data and interpret them to make predictions or correlations. Known is the so-called Global Consciousness Project of Princeton University ⁸ , in which for 20 years worldwide noise generators were set up and since then attempts to correlate the results of the noise measurements with global events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, terrorist attacks.

⁸ www.noosphere.princeton.edu An important goal is to investigate whether the statistical properties of the noise signals change before or after global events. The goal is to build an indicator or forecast certain global events.

These projects are more or less successful. That's because the statistical metrics happen randomly to global events. The main reason is that it is looking for the wrong characteristics. If one considers the low-energy quanta as part of an alphabet of a-still unknown-communication language of technical and biological systems, it becomes clear that the analysis of the occurrence of averages, median values, scatters, etc., can not show a real connection to any of the events. Ultimately, all above-mentioned projects fail, which want to make predictions about events from statistical patterns in the time sequences of noise data, if the predictions are to include a certain complexity and nontriviality.

In particular, it is problematic in the analysis of noise data that due to the influence of the investigated noise processes by quanta of other (even more distant) objects and processes, in principle everything could be filtered out of the noise data. It is only important to set the correct filters, then you can find complex patterns or even simple repetitions in noise data. Note, however, that the patterns found are sometimes only artifacts of the process itself, ie patterns that are generated by the analysis process. Thus, each examination must be limited in time, but this means a multiplication of the noise signal with a time window or the mathematical convolution of the investigated random function with a rectangular function in the image area of their Fourierransfomierten, which in turn generates process-related periodicities. In particular, if the investigations analyze trivial correlations, ie correlation, histogram similarities, subordinate frequencies, fractal structures, mean deviations, drift, etc., it can happen that one finds in the noise data exactly what one has been looking for. But even if one excludes these procedural errors, the desired information with the above-mentioned statistical evaluations can usually not be found, since there are the sought correlations, eg between noise values of random generators and global events only in the trivial case. Nevertheless, global events can and will be foreshadowed in the noise sequences of random number generators, but they can not be found with today's methods of statistical and stochastic analysis of random processes.

Only by looking at the noise data as an alphabet of noise values generated by quanta can significant results be obtained. However, according to the invention, this means the transition from purely statistical and stochastic analysis of random processes to a semantic analysis of these consequences. Because random sequences form letters, words and phrases of an information exchange, which is physically realized by quantum.

But even if one does not know the above-postulated alphabet of quantum information (especially in natural systems they are not known), complex information can be transmitted by both transmitter and receiver of the information can use an unknown, but nevertheless arranged encoding and decoding method ie by both sides defining a semantics.

The possibility of a complex (and therefore semantic) exchange of information between a sender and a receiver occurs through the process of calibration. The calibration is thus particularly advantageous if signals from nature are to be received and interpreted, since the quantum radiation of the transmitter can not be deliberately intervened. In a technical communication, in which transmitter and receiver are, for example, noise generators, one can generate the transmission quanta specifically and thereby perform the calibration procedure at least only in a simplified manner.

b2) calibration To significantly improve the results of receiving with random number generators, the generators must be calibrated in their context if they are to receive more complex information. The calibration determines the semantic level between sender and receiver.

A simple calibration, that is to say coordination between transmitter and receiver via the information content of the messages to be exchanged, in the example a "calibration via the level of entropy" at the transmitter, can be technically integrated into the sequence as follows, for example (FIG. 2):

> Addressing of transmitter A at receiver B by connection of an identifier ID, surrogates of the transmitter.

> Defined increase in the entropy of the transmitter (e.g., by heating) and emission of entropy quanta

> Reception of the entropy quanta at the receive noise generator RNGB whose behavior is influenced by the quanta, but which is still random or statistically so

> Processing of the amplitude values of the noise generator by a specific algorithm PRZB and generation of a number or sequence of numbers

> Interpretation of the sequence of numbers as high or low entropy at the transmitter and checking whether this corresponds to the facts at the transmitter

Calibration:

> If the RNGB receiver noise generator statement is correct for the user (high entropy measured if high entropy was present), the calibration will continue with other transmitter entropy values.

> However, if the user's statement of the noise generator RNGB is incorrect, the parameters of the noise generator and the evaluation algorithm must be systematically adapted with the same setting of the transmitter (eg change in the noise generator, sampling rate of the noise generator, coefficients of the algorithm, normalization) ) as long as until the transmitter's broadcast (and known) information has been correctly received by the receiver. > Then continue with other station settings.

After calibration, the receiver has tuned to the low energy quanta of the transmitter and can correctly interpret subsequent quanta, i. if the transmitter sends information that it has high entropy, then the calibrated receiver correctly receives this entropy by "randomly" selecting a sequence of numbers which is recognized as having high entropy in the subsequent algorithm. The semantics is defined.

This means, however, that different receivers, which have been calibrated differently for various reasons, can react differently to the same information of a transmitter. But this is well known from automata theory. That Since a complex quantum quantum receiver usually has an internal state and a specific quantum information processing algorithm, an identical message at the receiver (an identical quantum or sequence of quanta) can lead to different "ripples" or interpretation the calibration of a receiver is necessary.

If this calibration is not carried out, a third party (non-calibrated listener) can not easily decode the information to be transmitted (named BITS in FIG. 2) from the random number sequence. For him, it remains a random number sequence without semantic meaning. For different random number sequences can have the same semantic meaning in the calibrated receiver and same random number sequences have different meanings for different recipients. The process of calibration and addressing therefore makes it possible to reliably identify the desired information. Thus, data communications based on low energy quanta are not easily recognizable to a third party without background information.

As introduced above, nature uses a complex alphabet for the exchange of information whose "raw string" is represented by the random values of noise generators, the previous statistical evaluation of random sequences, ie However, analyzing the consequences of noise amplitudes has very limited (or no) success. Therefore, in accordance with the invention, the calibration of a receiver was necessary, since thereby transmitter A and receiver B have agreed on the content of noise sequences and can thus communicate with one another.

For example, if both transmitters and receivers are random number generators, both generators can and will generate completely independent number sequences, and yet by prior calibration they can exchange not only energies (low energy quanta) but also complex information (e.g., "transmitter has high entropy").

High and low entropy values can be encoded as "1" or "0" so that any data (as a binary sequence of numbers) can be transferred.

By implementing the addressing and calibration, the sender and receiver can communicate with each other in accordance with the method.

The addressing of the transmitter at the receiver is necessary to establish a point-to-point connection between sender and receiver.

However, another form of data transmission in the sense of a broadcast connection (as in the case of radio) can take place without such addressing. For this it is only necessary that the receiver is set to the appropriate frequency. According to the invention, however, no real frequency is used, but a so-called resonance key. The transmitter changes the entropy of an object, a diode, a transistor, etc. in a random clock (this is the resonance key) for a period Δt (Δt is for example 1 second) or does not change it for a period Δt. An increase in the entropy at the transmitter is semantically understood as 1, for example, and not as 0. A receiver can now interrogate the noise of its own local random number generators (diodes, transistors) in the bar of the random key and therefore detect whether the transmitter is a 1 or a 0 sent. The entropy transport always works, but only the receiver, who can scan his own noise signal with the random key (resonance key), can know whether the transmitter has just increased the entropy with this key (semantically a 1) or not. This allows binary messages to be transmitted and, with appropriate speed, any form of message.

The process exploits the nature of nature to compensate for existing differences. Differences, however, are not only energetic in nature (e.g., temperature differences, potential differences) but differences also exist in terms of entropy and ultimately information.

It is also possible to exchange information differences directly. However, information is not an absolute size but always a relative size relative to a previously selected semantic level. Only if the receiver has the same semantic level as the sender can he actually recognize or respond to the information as such. In the case of technical signal transmission, the same semantic level is created by the fact that transmitter and receiver have the same og. Use a resonant key. Sender and receiver determine how the signal from the sum of all infinite possibilities is manipulated. For any other receiver, the noise signal represents any random signal, only the one of the receivers that is sampling in the tone of the tone key can recognize whether the transmitter has changed the entropy or not. Semantics is not created by the calibration procedure, but by the common reading and writing algorithm, i. the common resonance key.

In the literature one reads from time to time of the white noise as a carrier of a new, yet to be discovered communication channel. The white noise is not the carrier of a modulated information, but the white noise is the information itself. Because low energy quanta have the physical property to expand and spread spatially very far, which is why a novel communication technology does not have to modulate information onto a carrier wave.

The information of a sender object is transmitted through existing natural transmission mechanisms, a large spatial and temporal extension of quanta and their large penetration to the receiver. The novel communication technology and data communication described here simply reads the information permanently transmitted by each object from the noise. According to the invention, the nature of the actual data transmission so to speak by itself. Therefore, the essential content of the invention is, based on novel receivers, random number generators to receive the information-containing low-energy quantum and then selectively filter out. This requires a special addressing and calibration. With these new methods and devices, high-energy data transmission - as used in all known transmission methods (television, radio, mobile phones) - technically no longer necessary, since it means a considerably lower cost to use the transmission paths of nature and random generators as a receiver use.

The method of entropy transmission by means of resonance key is in principle feasible in every frequency range. The technical advantage of the low-energy quanta is that nature, so to speak, realizes the data transmission itself, since one is in the vicinity of the transmitter and thus the longitudinal portions of the wave can be used for transmission. For the invention, it is irrelevant whether one imagines the quanta with a large spatial extent in the order of magnitude of their wavelength (new aspect of this description) or exploits the long-range properties of the near range of electromagnetic waves. The technical effects are equivalent.

An essential part of the invention is that not only old known methods of communication technology by cheaper or more efficient methods to replace, but by the invention completely new applications, see 3).

This makes the following technical applications possible, among others:

1. Reception, evaluation, storage of information from technical systems for obtaining information > Fault diagnosis of any technical systems such as power plants, vehicles, cars, trains, planes, rockets

Since technical systems are ultimately natural systems, they emit entropy quanta permanently, just like the natural systems, which can be received and evaluated by a suitable diagnostic system

> Detection of prohibited materials at airports or other important geographical locations

Because each material radiates specific information to it, each material can be detected by entropy detectors.

> Novel monitoring of vehicles, aircraft, rockets with an "on-board unit"

2. Reception, evaluation, storage of information from remote technical systems for remote monitoring tasks

> Novel monitoring of power plants, vehicles, cars, trains, planes, etc. with a "remote unit"

3. Reception, evaluation, storage, transmission of the information of technical systems for communication tasks, i. Realization of a novel message transmission.

In the following, some technical applications of the invention are mentioned by way of example:

1.) By means of the method according to the invention, it is possible to purposefully read out information states of a technical system by constructing information sinks which resonate with certain information at the transmitter. As a result, it is possible to diagnose faulty states of devices or systems in a targeted manner, since the states correspond to certain entropy ratios that can be received by suitable receivers. In contrast to conventional diagnostic methods via signal evaluation, which is erroneously performed in the high energy range (from the point of view of the invention), one can Receive and evaluate low - energy quanta by means of noise generators that represent certain equipment and device states.

Applications include technical diagnostic systems for power plants, aircraft, cars and all technical devices.

The device and the receiver do not have to be electrically connected. Furthermore, there may be a spatial separation between the device and the diagnostic system, which implies numerous applications, e.g. Femdiagnoses of cars and much more.

A special application is in the field of air traffic control, as one can use these procedures & facilities to develop safe explosives detectors. Both the carrier of the explosive and the explosive itself radiate their entropies indispensable to the environment. Due to its special mental state, the person radiates as a "carrier of explosives", the explosive itself radiates its clearly defined entropy content In the area of the lowest energy quanta, this entropy radiation can not be completely shielded so that the explosive can always be detected with the above-mentioned method. Technically, this is done so that the noise generator is calibrated to control a random selection generator in measuring the entropy of explosive in its environment so that it selects the "suspect" for closer physical examination to ground personnel.

By locating in space, a system of several low-energy detectors can also locate and locate desired objects and systems on a certain territory.

2.) Coding the state "high entropy" in a device A with "1", the state of "low entropy" with "0" and the system is designed and calibrated so that a device B the entropy state of the device A through the If one can measure the reception of low-energy quanta without contact, then one can do so produce virtually non-shieldable data transmission between two spatially separated technical systems. The size of the spatial distance for the communication depends on the quality of the noise generator.

The problem of addressing between receiver and transmitter is resolved by providing the receiver with a unique identification of the transmitter (e.g., image, serial number, name) prior to communication recording. Since the transmitter with its own identification, which was given to him at some point, e.g. In his picture, which is always kept connected by low-energy quanta, the receiver, when he has coupled the picture with the receive-noise generator, has opened exactly the desired communication channel. Technically, one can realize this as already explained, for example, in such a way that a signal path to the supply voltage of a noise generator is capacitively opened by the image via an entropy capacitor. Through this signal path, the low energy quanta of the image itself can appropriately influence the supply voltage of the generator. This causes the noise generator in the sense of o.g. Entropieschaltungstechnik suitable modulation to receive just the low-energy qaunten the transmitter. If one does not address the noise generator beforehand, it receives an overlay of various quanta of its near and far surroundings.

Applications for data transmission based on low energy quanta. are technical communication systems for medicine, private sector or other institutions that want to perform non-shieldable and / or extremely low-energy data communication.

3.) By means of the method, the diagnostic states of a car can be read out over large spatial distances (remote). By prior calibration and addressing, specific entropy values can be assigned to specific errors of a vehicle, which send out the parts in the event of an error (determination of the semantics). A receiver, eg a central workshop can then read out the current diagnostic status remotely after entering the vehicle identification (eg serial number). This significantly simplifies today's diagnoses, which would prevent, for example, spontaneous vehicle arrest.

A concrete technical application example of the method according to the invention is shown in FIG.

The transmitter A consists of an zener diode (DIO) within a technical resonant circuit, a laser (LASER), which is directed to the zener diode and electronics for driving the laser (RNGA). The receiver consists of an identical zener diode (DIO) within a resonant circuit for generating a noise signal, an operational amplifier, an AD converter (OPV / AD) for converting the noise signal into a digital signal (BITS) and a processing unit (laptop, not shown). Transmitter and receiver are fully shielded, battery-powered and about 10 meters apart. There is no electrical, magnetic or other connection between transmitter and receiver.

On the transmitter side (A), it is decided by the random number generator (RNGA) whether in the following period (eg Δt = 1 second) the LASER, which is directed to the zener diode (DIO), is switched on and off at a frequency of 1 kHz is used to increase the entropy at DIO (entropy increase is semantically coded as 1). At the end of this period of time, the random number generator (RNGA) again decides whether this laser pulse is repeated or whether the laser remains off for the next time interval (Δt = 1 second) (semantically means 0).

On the receiver side (B) an identical diode (DIO) is used. The noise of the identical diode on the receiver side is amplified by an operational amplifier (OPV), sampled at least 2 kHz (AD), digitized and transmitted to a receiver computer as digitized noise signal (BITS). The receiver computer evaluates the noise by, for example, forming the distribution functions (amplitude density function, ie, histograms) of the respective time periods Δt. Based on the change in the distribution function of each time interval recognizes the Receiver, whether the emitter has increased the entropy of the z-diode by the laser (semantically a 1) or not (semantically a 0).

As a result, a binary data transmission is realized, in the illustrated here, simple embodiment variant with an error rate of 30%. By improving the geometrical positioning of the laser by directing it to the blocking layer of the zener diode, the error rate can be further minimized. A problem in the technical embodiment is that the z-diodes are introduced into a glass body, which act as a lens and thus smallest geometric deviations can cause the laser beam does not focus on the boundary layer. This can be remedied by a readjustment or enlargement of the laser beam diameter.

It should be emphasized that the z-diode of the receiver changes its noise signal properties (amplitude density function) in time of the entropy increase of the diode on the transmitter side, although both transmitter and receiver are completely shielded according to the usual methods of telecommunications and also via the power supply no connection consists. The transmitter permanently transmits a change in its entropy to its environment, thereby affecting all objects in its environment that resonate with it, e.g. the identical z-diode at the receiver, even if it is far away. On the receiver side, the signal properties (amplitude density functions) seem to change randomly, but by comparison with the transmitter information, one recognizes that their signal properties change exactly in the random rhythm of the transmitter entropy.

This method is extended according to the invention to a data transmission. Sender and receiver agree on a random key (eg 0011010 ...), which is eg 1000 bits long. If the transmitter wants to transmit a semantic 1 in a time interval Δt, it switches on the laser in this time interval in the cycle of the random key (random bit = 1) and off (random bit = O) and thus increases the entropy according to this rhythm; if it wants to transmit a 0, the laser remains completely off during the entire period Δt. The receiver scans Δt in each time interval with the agreed random key and evaluates whether the distribution function has changed or not. In this way it recognizes in each interval Δt whether the sender has sent a semantic 1 or 0. For any other receiver, the signal remains a pure random signal because it does not know the random key of the sample. In the present case, the transmission rate is extremely slow, in fact only 1 bit per second is transmitted, which is structurally determined by the laser.

The actual signal transmission is realized by the natural process of Entropieausgleiches between the two diodes, which is due to its properties over long distances. According to the invention, a technically usable signal transmission is realized therefrom by suitable readout at the receiver.

Based on this embodiment, the entropy can also be increased other than with the laser to ensure higher data transmission rates. Another possibility of randomized entropy increase is writing to the hard disk (semantically a 1) or no writing. Other options are the passage through program parts, etc.

image Description

Fiq.1

ENV environment environment

EQ Energy Quants Energy Quantum

RNG Random Number Generator Random Number Generator

PRZ processor processor

DEVICE device device

Fiq. 2

PRZA processor A processor A

BITS bits bits

RNGA Random Number Generator A Random Number Generator A

LEQ Low Energy Quants Low-Energy Quantum

S Distance distance

PRZB processor B processor B

BITS bits bits

RNGB Random Number Generator B Random Number Generator B

ADR_TUN Address Tuning Address Tuning

ID identification identification

Fiq. 3

LASER laser laser

LEQ Low Energy Quants Low-Energy Quantum

DIO diode diode

RNGA Random Number Generator A Random Number Generator A

BITS bits bits

OPV / AD operation Enpowering operational amplifier

Claims

claims

1. A method for measuring information of technical systems, in which signals or quanta by suitable receivers, so-called noise generators, are received and evaluated, the physical relationship between frequency and energy is used to determine the energy of the signal to be received and to use the noise generators as receivers or transmitters of quanta.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the quanta received by noise generators are low energy quanta LEQ or lowest quantum number LSTEQ.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the received quanta of technical systems such as cars, power plants, aircraft, railways come.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the received quanta come from spatially distant systems and thus remote diagnostics of technical systems and equipment can be performed.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reception or the emission of quanta can be shielded by the use of Entropiesenken.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the based on noise generators receiver of low energy quanta are used for exploration of mineral resources.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the based on noise generators receiver of low energy quanta for the determination of materials are used and they can be targeted with it by a calibration of the receiver is carried out on the corresponding materials that makes it possible , the quanta, which send out the materials permanently from the abundance of signals to select.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the based on noise generators receiver of low energy quanta are used for data communication by an addressing and calibration takes place between transmitter and receiver of quanta, so that the receiver from the transmitter sent quantum from filter out the information mixture of its noise generator and thus a bit sequence can be transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that its implementation in the steps:

> Addressing of transmitter (A) at the receiver (B) by interconnection of an identifier (ID), surrogates of the transmitter

> defined increase of the entropy of the transmitter (A) and emission of entropy quanta

> Receiving the entropy quanta at the receive noise generator (RNGB) whose behavior is affected by the quanta, which is still random or statistically so

> Processing of the amplitude values of the noise generator by a specific algorithm (PRZB) and generation of a number or sequence of numbers

> Interpretation of the sequence of numbers as high or low entropy at the transmitter (A) and checking whether this corresponds to the transmitter (A)

> Calibration.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the calibration comprises the following steps: > If the statement of the receive noise generator (RNGB) is correct for the user, the calibration is continued with other transmitter entropy values (A)

> If, however, the user's statement of noise (RNGB) is incorrect, the parameters of the noise generator and the evaluation algorithm are systematically adapted to the same setting of the transmitter (A) until the information transmitted by the transmitter (A) is known Receiver (B) is received correctly

> Continue with other station settings.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the based on noise generators receiver (B) of low energy quanta are used for prognosis by the known uncertainty theorem of quantum mechanics is used to the effect that in the measurement of low energy quantum in principle a time uncertainty results, which can thus make statements about states of an object or system with appropriate parameterization of the receiver (B), which will adjust in the future in this case.

12. A device for measuring information of technical systems, comprising a transmitter (A) for generating technical signals or quanta (LEQ) and a receiver (B) for receiving these signals with a noise generator (DIO), wherein the transmitter (A) within a resonant circuit a Zener diode (DIO), a laser (LASER) directed to the Zener diode (DIO) and a controller (RNGA) for driving the laser (LASER) and the receiver (B) a diode (DIO) includes, which is connected to an operational amplifier (OPV).