EP1458575B1 - Security element for security papers and valuable documents - Google Patents

Security element for security papers and valuable documents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1458575B1
EP1458575B1 EP02795218A EP02795218A EP1458575B1 EP 1458575 B1 EP1458575 B1 EP 1458575B1 EP 02795218 A EP02795218 A EP 02795218A EP 02795218 A EP02795218 A EP 02795218A EP 1458575 B1 EP1458575 B1 EP 1458575B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
security
security element
element according
layer
features
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02795218A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1458575A1 (en
EP1458575B2 (en
Inventor
Mario Keller
Theo Burchard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Publication date
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Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Priority to SI200230783T priority Critical patent/SI1458575T1/en
Publication of EP1458575A1 publication Critical patent/EP1458575A1/en
Publication of EP1458575B1 publication Critical patent/EP1458575B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1458575B2 publication Critical patent/EP1458575B2/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29Securities; Bank notes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/351Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D15/00Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324Reliefs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/364Liquid crystals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/369Magnetised or magnetisable materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/373Metallic materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378Special inks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378Special inks
    • B42D25/382Special inks absorbing or reflecting infrared light
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40Manufacture
    • B42D25/405Marking
    • B42D25/43Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/435Marking by removal of material using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40Manufacture
    • B42D25/405Marking
    • B42D25/43Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/445Marking by removal of material using chemical means, e.g. etching
    • B42D2033/06
    • B42D2033/18
    • B42D2035/20
    • B42D2035/36
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/23Identity cards
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42DBOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40Manufacture
    • B42D25/45Associating two or more layers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a security element for security papers, documents of value or identity cards, which is designed self-supporting and has two different optically variable security features. Furthermore, the invention relates to a security paper and a value document with such a security element.
  • a document of value in which after its manufacture a continuous opening is punched, which is then closed on one side with a covering film projecting on all sides.
  • the cover film is transparent at least in a partial area, so that when attempting to copy the document of value, the substrate shines through and reproduced by the copying machine accordingly.
  • the cover sheet may have a security feature, such as a hologram.
  • a security document which consists of a transparent plastic carrier, on the surfaces of which the opacity-increasing printing layers are applied.
  • the security document has a security device which is unilaterally hidden by a plurality of the above-mentioned pressure layers. The layers on the other side of the carrier are applied so as to eliminate a half-window through which the security device is visible.
  • the invention has for its object to propose a security element and a security paper and a document of value, which has an increased security against counterfeiting in comparison to the prior art.
  • An inventive security element has two different security features, which are arranged on opposite sides of the security element and wherein at least one of the security features is optically variable.
  • Optically variable means that the security feature shows a different visually recognizable appearance from different viewing angles, such as: B. a color change game and / or different information.
  • the optically variable security features can be, for example, reflection structures that can be observed in reflection, coarse lattice structures whose optically variable impression is based solely on their reflective properties, thin-film elements or optically variable imprints, where the ink used is at least one optically variable pigment such as liquid crystal pigments or interference layer pigments , contains.
  • the security element may have any combination of optically variable security features.
  • the other security features which can be used according to the invention can be any desired printed images, semi-transparent or screened metal layers.
  • any printing inks can be used which may also have machine-detectable properties, such as luminescent, magnetic or electrically conductive properties.
  • the security element according to the invention has two different optically variable security features, which are arranged on opposite sides of the security element, so that only one of the optically variable security features is recognizable when viewing the security element from one side.
  • the security element according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in security papers or value documents which have a continuous opening.
  • a value document according to the in the WO 95/10420 As described prior art, which has only one security feature in the region of the opening, there is only one side on which the security feature can be viewed correctly and completely. Viewed from the back, the security feature is either not recognized at all or only mirrored.
  • the security element according to the invention is arranged in the region of the opening, a complete and laterally correct security feature can be recognized from both sides. This increases the protection against counterfeiting, since the opening, if it was produced by simple punching, can be generated just as easily by a counterfeiter.
  • the double-sided security element is not easy to adjust. Especially not if there is a substantive relationship between the two security features or the security features represent different views of the same subject.
  • the first optically variable security feature may represent the front view of a subject such as an eagle or the face portion of a portrait
  • the second optically variable security feature represents the back of the eagle or the back of the portrait.
  • both security features are preferably arranged congruently, so that a counterfeiter must overcome the additional problem of the register-containing arrangement.
  • the security element according to the invention also offers particular advantages if the security features contain readable information, which is preferably identical in both security features and, in principle, can be read in the correct page direction due to the double-layered nature of the security element.
  • a machine-testable layer can be arranged between the security features. This may be at least one IR-absorbing, electrically conductive or magnetic layer. Several such layers can also be arranged between the security features. In addition, these intermediate layers do not have to be full-surface, but may be designed in the form of codes or other information. In certain cases, it may also be useful to arrange a full-surface color layer, preferably a black color layer, between the security features so that only certain security features are visible from each side of the security element.
  • the security element consists of a plastic film, which is provided on both sides with at least one opaque coating.
  • Each of these opaque coatings has discontinuities, preferably in the form of characters, patterns or logos. These interruptions are arranged offset from one another here. That is, in the region in which the one opaque coating has breaks, the opposite opaque coating is made over the entire surface. In this way, it is ensured that the security element on each page has only one side-by-side recognizable information.
  • the opaque coatings are preferably Metal layers, but also other coatings, such as layers of paint can be used. Combinations are also possible in which the first security feature consists of a metal layer of any desired color and the second consists of an opaque ink layer or an optically variable printing layer or a thin-layer coating. It is also possible to use layers or printing inks that show different colors when viewed from above and in the background.
  • the metals used here may additionally have different colors and / or be made translucent. If at least one of the layers is translucent, the interruptions in the opposite layer can also be detected in transmitted light. The translucency can be generated via the layer thickness or the use of grids. These possible embodiments of the metal layer can also be used in all other embodiments described below, in which metal layers are addressed.
  • the metals used are, for example, aluminum, iron, copper, gold, nickel.
  • the interruptions can be generated by any desired methods, such as laser radiation, etching or washing.
  • the security element can also have only on one side a coating with the above-described recesses, while on the other side a semi-transparent metal layer is arranged.
  • the security element has two plastic layers, are embossed into the diffraction structures. At least one of these plastic layers is provided with a metal layer, so that the diffraction structures are observable in reflection.
  • the second plastic layer may also be provided with a metal layer or a high refractive index dielectric layer. If the second plastic layer is also provided with a metal layer, then it may have a different intrinsic color than that of the first metal layer.
  • the security element according to the invention does not necessarily have to be arranged in the region of an opening, but can be usefully used everywhere, where it can be tested without impairment from both sides.
  • This may, for example, be a completely transparent region in a value document, such as a plastic banknote.
  • the security element according to the invention is introduced in so-called “swinging" window security papers.
  • These security papers are the “window areas" where the security threads are on the security paper surface directly accessible and thus verifiable, provided alternately on the front and back of the paper.
  • the security element according to the invention can also be used to remedy this problem, even if the security paper has window areas on one side.
  • the security element can be used not only to secure security papers or documents of value, but also to secure counterfeit goods of any kind.
  • the security element may have any outline contours and, for example, round, oval, rectangular, trapezoidal, star-shaped or strip-shaped.
  • a strip-shaped security element is arranged in the region of an opening in a value document or security paper, then one of the security features can be recognized over the entire length of the strip, while the second is visible only in the region of the opening.
  • the security feature is produced, for example, on a self-supporting support element, such as a transparent plastic film, which is subsequently used as label material.
  • a self-supporting support element such as a transparent plastic film
  • the alternative is the production of a hot stamping foil in which the complete layer structure of the security element is prepared on a carrier material and then transferred under the action of pressure and heat at least in regions to the value document or security paper.
  • the carrier material is preferably subsequently removed again.
  • the individual security features can also be prepared on separate carriers, which are then laminated or bonded together via an adhesive layer.
  • Fig.1 shows an inventive document of value in supervision.
  • it is a banknote 1.
  • This banknote 1 has a through opening 2, which, however, is hidden by the security element 3.
  • Fig. 2 shows the banknote 1 in cross section along the line A - A.
  • the opening 2 can be clearly seen.
  • the edges 4 of the opening 2 are shown smooth, as they arise when punching or cutting the banknote 1.
  • the edges 4 are irregular and fibrous. This fibrous edge 4 represents an additional authenticity feature, since this edge can not be subsequently created in the paper.
  • the opening 2 is closed by a security element 3 according to the invention on one side.
  • the security element 3 is arranged in a recess 5 of the banknote which surrounds the opening 2.
  • the banknote 1 receives a continuous stepless surface, which facilitates the handling, in particular the stacking of the banknotes.
  • the security element 3 when viewed from the direction B shows a different appearance than when viewed from the direction C.
  • the two appearances of the security element 3 are in a recognizable relationship to each other.
  • the same page-correct information can be displayed on both sides, which is helpful in particular with text information, since in this case the text can be read from both sides in the correct direction.
  • the security element 3 can also represent different views of a motif. If, for example, the front view of an eagle can be recognized from the direction B, the sighting C can be recognized as the rear side of the eagle.
  • the two representations are preferably arranged in register with each other. Likewise, parts of a total information that complement each other can be arranged on both sides. Preferably, a symmetrical information is selected here, which is also perceived in the correct direction from both sides.
  • the different manifestations of the security element 3 arise through the combination of two different security features, which are arranged in the security element 3 so that only one of these security features is visible to the viewer depending on the viewing direction.
  • Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment of the security element according to the invention 3. It is composed of two different security features 6, 7, which in the present case each consist of a diffraction-optical element.
  • the security feature 6 has two plastic layers 8, 9, between which the diffraction structure is arranged in the form of a relief structure 15. Between the plastic layers 8, 9, a metal layer 12 is additionally arranged, which ensures that the information stored in the diffraction structures information is visible in reflection.
  • This metal layer may include breaks 16, which may be in the form of patterns, letters or other alphanumeric characters.
  • the security feature 7 is constructed analogously and is composed of the two plastic layers 10, 11, between which the diffraction structures 17 and the metal layer 13 are arranged. This metal layer 13 may also have interruptions 18 in the form of random patterns and alphanumeric characters.
  • a middle layer 23 is preferably provided, the z. B. white or black, opaque, is in contrast to the metal layer and a show through the mirror-inverted characters prevents the back.
  • the interruptions can also be provided congruent.
  • the two security features 6, 7 can be connected to one another either via an adhesive layer or else without an adhesive layer be laminated.
  • the security element 3 is finally connected to the banknote 1 via the adhesive layers 14.
  • the plastic layers 9, 11 serve primarily as protective layers and are optional. They are not required in particular when the entire layer structure is prepared on a carrier film for a transfer material.
  • the plastic film 8 is coated on the carrier film, which may optionally be pretreated with regard to its desired release properties.
  • the diffraction structure 15 is embossed into this plastic layer 8 and the embossed relief structure 15 is preferably coated with the metal layer 12 in a vacuum vapor method.
  • the plastic layer 10 is applied to the metal layer 12 and this also embossed.
  • the metal layer 13 is applied, preferably vapor-deposited.
  • the adhesive layer is applied to the transfer to the final substrate. If the metal layers 12,13 have interruptions, additional steps are necessary, resulting from the particular method used for this purpose, such as laser ablation, etching or washing process.
  • the relief structure 15 is designed, for example, so that when viewed from the direction B, the front of an eagle is visible, which changes its color when tilting the banknote 1.
  • the diffraction structure 17 creates the visual impression of the back of an eagle, which also changes its color when the banknote 1 is tilted.
  • the diffraction structure itself can also convey readable information which can be read on both sides in the correct direction.
  • Fig. 4 shows a variant of in Fig. 3 shown security elements 3, wherein the security features 6, 7 are connected to each other via an adhesive layer 19 and the metal layers 12,13 have no recesses 16,18.
  • the adhesive layer 19 may have machine testable properties. It can be mixed, for example, with electrically conductive or magnetic pigments.
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the security element according to the invention 3.
  • the security features 6, 7 each consist of two plastic layers 8, 9, 10, 11, between which diffraction structures 15,17 are present in the form of a relief structure.
  • the diffraction structures 15, 17 are not combined with an opaque metal layer.
  • a dielectric layer 20 and 21 located between the plastic layers 8, 9 and 10, 11, a dielectric layer 20 and 21, which has a different refractive index of the plastic layers 8, 9, 10, 11, so that the diffraction structures 15,17 are also considered in reflection can. Since these dielectric layers 20, 21 are transparent, an additional layer must be inserted between the security features 6, 7, which ensures that in each case only one of the security features 6, 7 is visible.
  • this is the black layer 23, which at the same time increases the brilliance of the visual impression of the diffraction structures 15, 17, since it absorbs the transmitted light.
  • this adhesive layer 19 can also be dispensed with.
  • the black color layer 23 it is also possible to use a dark magnetic layer which produces the same optical effect and additionally ensures machine readability of the security element 3.
  • the magnetic layer may also be provided in addition to the color layer to prevent spying of the magnetic layer in the transmitted light.
  • the security features 6, 7 configured differently.
  • the security feature 6 still consists of a diffraction element, as has already been explained in the figures described above.
  • the security feature 7, however, in this case consists of a partially applied thin-film structure 22, which represents a specific motif, pattern or alphanumeric characters.
  • a black layer 23 is arranged between the two security features 6, 7.
  • this layer additionally has the task of enhancing the optical effect of the thin-film structure 22.
  • the information represented by the thin-film structure 22 can correspond to the information represented by the diffraction structures 15, supplement it or, as already mentioned, represent a different view of the same motif.
  • effect layers or effect pigments may be, for example, luminescent or absorbing substances, in particular IR-absorbing substances, or else liquid-crystal pigments. Even a simple imprint is conceivable.
  • Fig. 7 an embodiment of the security element 3 according to the invention is shown, in which the two security features 6, 7 each consist of an optically variable imprint 25, 26.
  • a printing ink is used which has at least one liquid crystal or interference layer pigment.
  • different optically variable pigments can be used.
  • an opaque carrier 24 is used.
  • this carrier 24 is a plastic film, which is preferably colored dark.
  • the adhesive layer 14 with which the security element 3 is fastened to the banknote 1 is shown.
  • this adhesive layer 14 is optional.
  • the adhesive layer can also be applied to the document itself or another type of attachment can be selected.
  • Fig. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the security element according to the invention 3.
  • a substrate 33 preferably a transparent plastic film, provided on one side with the security feature 6 and on the other side with the security feature 7.
  • both security features 6, 7 consist of a diffraction structure observable in reflection.
  • This diffraction structure is in the form of a relief structure in the plastic layer 36 or 37, which are each provided with a metal layer 35, 38.
  • the metal layers 35, 38 are covered by protective layers 34, 39.
  • the plastic layers 36, 37 are provided with the same diffraction structure and the security features 6, 7 differ only with respect to the color of the metal layers 35, 38.
  • the different color of the metal layers 35, 38 can either by the use of special metals with different intrinsic colors be generated.
  • the metal layer 35 may consist of a silvery aluminum layer and the metal layer 38 may consist of a copper layer.
  • another color impression of the metal layer can also be produced with the aid of the protective layer 34, 39.
  • the same materials are used for the metal layers 35, 38 and the protective layers 34, 39 are colored with corresponding translucent different colors.
  • a different diffraction structure can also be selected for the security features 6, 7.
  • Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of the security element 3 according to the invention, in which different security features 6, 7 are used.
  • the security feature 6 corresponds to the already in Fig. 8 explained security feature with a reflective diffraction structure, which is applied to a substrate 33.
  • the security feature 7 arranged on the opposite side of the carrier material 33 consists of a printed image 40 which is covered by a semitransparent layer 41.
  • This semitransparent layer 41 may be a thin, translucent, full-surface metal layer or a screened metal layer.
  • a multilayer structure which, for example, has a diffraction structure analogous to the security feature 6.
  • a dielectric transparent layer instead of the metal layer 35, a dielectric transparent layer has to be used, which on the one hand has the imprint 40 on the other hand makes the diffraction structures visible in reflection.
  • the semitransparent layer 41 can also be arranged on the same side of the carrier material 33 under the security feature 6.
  • the metal layer 35 also has interruptions of any shape.
  • the interruptions can also have the form of a larger area with any outline shape, such as square, round or rectangular. These interruptions can be seen when viewing the security element 3 from the direction A in reflected light.
  • the semitransparent layer 41 arranged below the security feature 6 ensures that the imprint 40 can not be recognized practically from this viewing direction. Only when viewed in transmitted light, the pressure 40 through the interruptions 42 through. When viewing the security element from the viewing direction B, however, only the imprint 40 can be clearly seen, since here too the semitransparent layer 41 obscures the security feature 6.
  • Fig. 11 a further embodiment of the security element 3 according to the invention is shown.
  • the security feature 6 consists in this case of a plastic layer, are introduced into the diffraction structures, and then at least partially provided with a metal layer 35.
  • the security feature 7 consists of a print 40, which is visually separated from security feature 6 by an opaque white print layer 42.
  • both the security feature 6 and the security feature 7 each consist of an opaque coating having interruptions 44, 46 in certain areas. It is essential that the opaque coating 45 in the region of the interruptions 44 has no interruptions, that is, that it is executed over its entire surface in this area. Conversely, the opaque coating 43 in the area of the interruptions 46 is executed over its entire surface. In this way, it is ensured that the information represented by the interruptions 44 can only be recognized by one side of the security element 3 and, in the case of text, can always be read in the correct direction.
  • the opaque coating 43, 45 may be any desired color layers and / or metal layers.
  • the layers 43, 45 can have different colors, wherein in the case of metal layers, the different color can also be produced by additionally printing a translucent colored lacquer layer. It is also possible to use optically variable printing inks or metallic effect paints which are applied to the carrier material 33 as a negative pressure.
  • metal layers are used for the opaque coating 43, 45, these can of course be combined with diffraction structures, as already explained.
  • diffraction structures are used as a security feature, they can also be embodied as transparent diffraction elements by replacing the metal layer with a dielectric layer having a corresponding refractive index. Under certain circumstances, this dielectric layer may also be a corresponding one Adhesive layer, which serves as a connecting element to another security feature or the final substrate.
  • the security features have metal layers, they can also be made semitransparent or in the form of a screened metal layer.
  • Fig. 13 shows a further embodiment of the value document according to the invention.
  • the opening 2 in the banknote 1 is closed on both sides by a respective security feature 27, 28. That is, the security element 3 is not prepared in this case as a uniform layer structure and then arranged in the region of the opening, but the items of the security element 3, that is, the security features 27, 28 are arranged separately from each other on one side of the opening.
  • the already described security features 6, 7 can be applied analogously. They also show the same optical effects and are also in terms of the information shown in an analogous relationship to each other.
  • This in Fig. 1 illustrated security element 3 may have any outline shapes.
  • it can be round, oval, rectangular, star-shaped or trapezoidal.
  • the outline contour can be adapted to the outline contour of the opening 2 or match this.
  • the security element 3 may also be designed in the form of a strip which extends over the entire width or length of the document of value. This embodiment is particularly useful when a security paper is used for the production of the value document and the security element 3 should already be applied to the security paper in a continuous form.
  • Fig. 14 shows a section of such a security paper 30 in supervision.
  • Security elements 3 in the form of strips are applied to the paper 30 at appropriate intervals from each other in a continuous hot embossing process.
  • This paper web 30 is then printed in further processing steps and cut into individual documents.
  • Fig. 15 shows a cross section through this paper web 30 along the line D - D. It can be seen that the paper web 30 has under the security element 3 at certain intervals openings 2. Preferably, the openings 2 are arranged at such a distance that each subsequent individual document in each case has an opening 2. The openings 2 were produced here during the production of the paper web 30, which is why the edges 31 of the openings 2 are formed irregular and fibrous.
  • the security feature may also be implemented as a security thread that is embedded in the security paper.
  • the security paper preferably has openings on both sides, so-called windows.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a security element for security papers, documents of value, ID cards or the like that is of self-supporting design and has two different security features. The security features are disposed on opposite sides of the security element, at least one the security features being optically variable.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherheitselement für Sicherheitspapiere, Wertdokumente oder Ausweiskarten, das selbsttragend ausgestaltet ist und zwei unterschiedliche optisch variable Sicherheitsmerkmale aufweist. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Sicherheitspapier sowie ein Wertdokument mit einem derartigen Sicherheitselement.The invention relates to a security element for security papers, documents of value or identity cards, which is designed self-supporting and has two different optically variable security features. Furthermore, the invention relates to a security paper and a value document with such a security element.

In der WO 95/10420 wird ein Wertdokument beschrieben, in welches nach dessen Herstellung eine durchgehende Öffnung gestanzt wird, die anschließend mit einer die Öffnung allseits überragenden Abdeckfolie einseitig verschlossen wird. Die Abdeckfolie ist zumindest in einem Teilbereich transparent, so dass beim Versuch, das Wertdokument zu kopieren, der Untergrund durchscheint und vom Kopiergerät entsprechend wiedergegeben wird. Darüber hinaus kann die Abdeckfolie ein Sicherheitsmerkmal, wie beispielsweise ein Hologramm, aufweisen.In the WO 95/10420 a document of value is described, in which after its manufacture a continuous opening is punched, which is then closed on one side with a covering film projecting on all sides. The cover film is transparent at least in a partial area, so that when attempting to copy the document of value, the substrate shines through and reproduced by the copying machine accordingly. In addition, the cover sheet may have a security feature, such as a hologram.

Aus WO 98/13211 A1 ist ein Sicherheitsdokument bekannt, das aus einem durchsichtigen Kunststoffträger besteht, auf dessen Oberflächen die Opazität erhöhende Druckschichten aufgebracht sind. Darüber hinaus weist das Sicherheitsdokument eine Sicherheitsvorrichtung auf, die einseitig durch mehrere der oben genannten Druckschichten wenigstens teilweise verborgen wird. Die Schichten auf der anderen Seite des Trägers sind derart aufgebracht, dass sie ein Halbfenster aussparen, durch welches die Sicherheitsvorrichtung sichtbar ist.Out WO 98/13211 A1 a security document is known which consists of a transparent plastic carrier, on the surfaces of which the opacity-increasing printing layers are applied. In addition, the security document has a security device which is unilaterally hidden by a plurality of the above-mentioned pressure layers. The layers on the other side of the carrier are applied so as to eliminate a half-window through which the security device is visible.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Sicherheitselement sowie ein Sicherheitspapier und ein Wertdokument vorzuschlagen, das im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik eine erhöhte Fälschungssicherheit aufweist.The invention has for its object to propose a security element and a security paper and a document of value, which has an increased security against counterfeiting in comparison to the prior art.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Sicherheitselement weist zwei unterschiedliche Sicherheitsmerkmale auf, die auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Sicherheitselements angeordnet sind und wobei wenigstens eines der Sicherheitsmerkmale optisch variabel ist. Optisch variabel bedeutet, dass das Sicherheitsmerkmal unter verschiedenen Betrachtungswinkeln ein unterschiedliches visuell erkennbares Erscheinungsbild zeigt, wie z. B. ein Farbwechselspiel und/oder unterschiedliche Informationen.
Bei den optisch variablen Sicherheitsmerkmalen kann es sich beispielsweise um in Reflexion beobachtbare Beugungsstrukturen, grobe Gitterstrukturen, deren optisch variabler Eindruck allein auf ihren reflektiven Eigenschaften beruht, Dünnschichtelemente oder optisch variable Aufdrucke handeln, wobei die verwendete Druckfarbe wenigstens ein optisch variables Pigment, wie Flüssigkristallpigmente oder Interferenzschichtpigmente, enthält. Das Sicherheitselement kann beliebige Kombinationen von optisch variablen Sicherheitsmerkmalen aufweisen.
An inventive security element has two different security features, which are arranged on opposite sides of the security element and wherein at least one of the security features is optically variable. Optically variable means that the security feature shows a different visually recognizable appearance from different viewing angles, such as: B. a color change game and / or different information.
The optically variable security features can be, for example, reflection structures that can be observed in reflection, coarse lattice structures whose optically variable impression is based solely on their reflective properties, thin-film elements or optically variable imprints, where the ink used is at least one optically variable pigment such as liquid crystal pigments or interference layer pigments , contains. The security element may have any combination of optically variable security features.

Bei den übrigen erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Sicherheitsmerkmalen kann es sich um beliebige Druckbilder, semitransparente oder gerasterte Metallschichten handeln. Für die Druckbilder können beliebige Druckfarben verwendet werden, die auch maschinell nachweisbare Eigenschaften, wie lumineszierende, magnetische oder elektrisch leitende Eigenschaften haben können.The other security features which can be used according to the invention can be any desired printed images, semi-transparent or screened metal layers. For the print images, any printing inks can be used which may also have machine-detectable properties, such as luminescent, magnetic or electrically conductive properties.

Im Sinne der Erfindung liegen auch unterschiedliche Sicherheitsmerkmale vor, wenn sie eine lesbare Information enthalten und diese Information auf beiden Seiten des Sicherheitselements seitenrichtig gelesen werden kann.Within the meaning of the invention, there are also different security features if they contain readable information and this information can be read in the correct direction on both sides of the security element.

Vorzugsweise weist das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitselement zwei unterschiedliche optisch variable Sicherheitsmerkmale auf, die auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Sicherheitselements angeordnet sind, so dass bei Betrachtung des Sicherheitselements von einer Seite jeweils nur eines der optisch variablen Sicherheitsmerkmale erkennbar ist.Preferably, the security element according to the invention has two different optically variable security features, which are arranged on opposite sides of the security element, so that only one of the optically variable security features is recognizable when viewing the security element from one side.

Besonders vorteilhaft lässt sich das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitselement bei Sicherheitspapieren bzw. Wertdokumenten einsetzen, die eine durchgehende Öffnung aufweisen. Bei einem Wertdokument gemäß dem in der WO 95/10420 beschriebenen Stand der Technik, das lediglich ein Sicherheitsmerkmal im Bereich der Öffnung aufweist, gibt es lediglich eine Seite, auf der das Sicherheitsmerkmal seitenrichtig und vollständig betrachtet werden kann. Von der Rückseite betrachtet ist das Sicherheitsmerkmal entweder überhaupt nicht oder nur spiegelverkehrt zu erkennen. Ordnet man dagegen das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitselement im Bereich der Öffnung an, so ist von beiden Seiten ein vollständiges und seitenrichtiges Sicherheitsmerkmal zu erkennen. Dies erhöht den Fälschungsschutz, da die Öffnung, wenn sie durch einfaches Stanzen erzeugt wurde, von einem Fälscher ebenso einfach erzeugt werden kann. Das doppelseitige Sicherheitselement dagegen ist nicht ohne weiteres nachzustellen. Insbesondere dann nicht, wenn zwischen den beiden Sicherheitsmerkmalen eine inhaltliche Beziehung besteht oder die Sicherheitsmerkmale unterschiedliche Ansichten desselben Motivs darstellen.The security element according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in security papers or value documents which have a continuous opening. In a value document according to the in the WO 95/10420 As described prior art, which has only one security feature in the region of the opening, there is only one side on which the security feature can be viewed correctly and completely. Viewed from the back, the security feature is either not recognized at all or only mirrored. On the other hand, if the security element according to the invention is arranged in the region of the opening, a complete and laterally correct security feature can be recognized from both sides. This increases the protection against counterfeiting, since the opening, if it was produced by simple punching, can be generated just as easily by a counterfeiter. The double-sided security element, however, is not easy to adjust. Especially not if there is a substantive relationship between the two security features or the security features represent different views of the same subject.

So kann das erste optisch variable Sicherheitsmerkmal beispielsweise die Vorderansicht eines Motivs, wie eines Adlers oder die Gesichtspartie eines Portraits, darstellen, während das zweite optisch variable Sicherheitsmerkmal die Rückseite des Adlers oder den Hinterkopf des Portraits zeigt. Die beiden Sicherheitsmerkmale sind zudem vorzugsweise deckungsgleich angeordnet, so dass ein Fälscher das zusätzliche Problem der registerhaltigen Anordnung überwinden muss. Besondere Vorteile bietet das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitselement zudem, wenn die Sicherheitsmerkmale eine lesbare Information enthalten, die vorzugsweise in beiden Sicherheitsmerkmalen identisch ist und aufgrund der Doppellagigkeit des Sicherheitselements grundsätzlich seitenrichtig gelesen werden kann.For example, the first optically variable security feature may represent the front view of a subject such as an eagle or the face portion of a portrait, while the second optically variable security feature represents the back of the eagle or the back of the portrait. The In addition, both security features are preferably arranged congruently, so that a counterfeiter must overcome the additional problem of the register-containing arrangement. The security element according to the invention also offers particular advantages if the security features contain readable information, which is preferably identical in both security features and, in principle, can be read in the correct page direction due to the double-layered nature of the security element.

Zwischen den Sicherheitsmerkmalen kann zudem eine maschinell prüfbare Schicht angeordnet werden. Hierbei kann es sich um wenigstens eine IR-absorbierende, elektrisch leitfähige oder magnetische Schicht handeln. Auch mehrere derartige Schichten können zwischen den Sicherheitsmerkmalen angeordnet werden. Zudem müssen diese Zwischenschichten nicht vollflächig sein, sondern können in Form von Codierungen oder anderen Informationen ausgestaltet sein. In bestimmten Fällen kann es auch sinnvoll sein, zwischen den Sicherheitsmerkmalen eine vollflächige Farbschicht, vorzugsweise schwarze Farbschicht, anzuordnen, so dass von jeder Seite des Sicherheitselements jeweils nur bestimmte Sicherheitsmerkmale sichtbar sind.In addition, a machine-testable layer can be arranged between the security features. This may be at least one IR-absorbing, electrically conductive or magnetic layer. Several such layers can also be arranged between the security features. In addition, these intermediate layers do not have to be full-surface, but may be designed in the form of codes or other information. In certain cases, it may also be useful to arrange a full-surface color layer, preferably a black color layer, between the security features so that only certain security features are visible from each side of the security element.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht das Sicherheitselement aus einer Kunststofffolie, die beidseitig mit wenigstens einer opaken Beschichtung versehen ist. Jede dieser opaken Beschichtungen weist Unterbrechungen, vorzugsweise in Form von Zeichen, Muster oder Logos auf. Diese Unterbrechungen sind hierbei versetzt zueinander angeordnet. Das heißt, in dem Bereich, in welchem die eine opake Beschichtung Unterbrechungen aufweist, ist die gegenüberliegende opake Beschichtung vollflächig ausgeführt. Auf diese Weise wird gewährleistet, das Sicherheitselement auf jeder Seite jeweils nur eine seitenrichtig erkennbare Information aufweist. Bei den opaken Beschichtungen handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Metallschichten, aber auch andere Beschichtungen, wie Farbschichten können verwendet werden. Auch Kombinationen sind möglich, bei welchen das erste Sicherheitsmerkmal aus einer Metallschicht beliebiger Farbe und das zweite aus einer opaken Farbschicht oder einer optisch variablen Druckschicht oder einer Dünnschichtbeschichtung besteht. Es können auch Schichten oder Druckfarben verwendet werden, die in Aufsicht und in Durchsicht unterschiedliche Farben zeigen.According to a preferred embodiment, the security element consists of a plastic film, which is provided on both sides with at least one opaque coating. Each of these opaque coatings has discontinuities, preferably in the form of characters, patterns or logos. These interruptions are arranged offset from one another here. That is, in the region in which the one opaque coating has breaks, the opposite opaque coating is made over the entire surface. In this way, it is ensured that the security element on each page has only one side-by-side recognizable information. The opaque coatings are preferably Metal layers, but also other coatings, such as layers of paint can be used. Combinations are also possible in which the first security feature consists of a metal layer of any desired color and the second consists of an opaque ink layer or an optically variable printing layer or a thin-layer coating. It is also possible to use layers or printing inks that show different colors when viewed from above and in the background.

Die verwendeten Metalle können hierbei zusätzlich unterschiedliche Farben aufweisen und/ oder transluzent ausgeführt sein. Falls mindestens eine der Schichten transluzent ausgeführt ist, können im Durchlicht auch die Unterbrechungen in der gegenüberliegenden Schicht erkannt werden. Die Transluzenz kann dabei über die Schichtdicke oder die Verwendung von Rastern erzeugt werden. Diese möglichen Ausgestaltungsformen der Metallschicht können auch in allen anderen im Folgenden beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen verwendet werden, in denen Metallschichten angesprochen werden. Bei den verwendeten Metallen handelt es sich beispielsweise um Aluminium, Eisen, Kupfer, Gold, Nickel. Unter dem Begriff "Metall" werden im Rahmen der Erfindung auch beliebige Legierungen verstanden.The metals used here may additionally have different colors and / or be made translucent. If at least one of the layers is translucent, the interruptions in the opposite layer can also be detected in transmitted light. The translucency can be generated via the layer thickness or the use of grids. These possible embodiments of the metal layer can also be used in all other embodiments described below, in which metal layers are addressed. The metals used are, for example, aluminum, iron, copper, gold, nickel. The term "metal" in the context of the invention, any alloys understood.

Die Unterbrechungen können mit beliebigen Verfahren, wie beispielsweise Abtrag durch Laserstrahlung, Ätzverfahren oder Waschverfahren, erzeugt werden.The interruptions can be generated by any desired methods, such as laser radiation, etching or washing.

Das Vorsehen derartiger Unterbrechungen sowie deren Anordnung kann selbstverständlich auch auf alle anderen Sicherheitsmerkmale übertragen werden, die eine Metallschicht oder andere aufgedampfte Schichten aufweisen, wie z. B. Beugungsstrukturen oder Dünnschichtelemente. Werden für die Erzeugung der Sicherheitsmerkmale Druckfarben verwendet, so können auch hier im Negativdruck derartige Aussparungen erzeugt werden.The provision of such interruptions and their arrangement can of course be transferred to all other security features that have a metal layer or other vapor-deposited layers, such. B. diffraction structures or thin-film elements. Be for the production of security features printing inks used, so also in the negative pressure such recesses can be generated.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann das Sicherheitselement auch lediglich auf einer Seite eine Beschichtung mit den oben beschriebenen Aussparungen aufweisen, während auf der anderen Seite eine semitransparente Metallschicht angeordnet ist.According to a further preferred embodiment, the security element can also have only on one side a coating with the above-described recesses, while on the other side a semi-transparent metal layer is arranged.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das Sicherheitselement zwei Kunststoffschichten auf, in die Beugungsstrukturen eingeprägt sind. Wenigstens eine dieser Kunststoffschichten ist mit einer Metallschicht versehen, so dass die Beugungsstrukturen in Reflexion beobachtbar sind. Die zweite Kunststoffschicht kann ebenfalls mit einer Metallschicht oder einer dielektrischen Schicht mit hohem Brechungsindex versehen sein. Ist auch die zweite Kunststoffschicht mit einer Metallschicht versehen, so kann diese eine andere Eigenfarbe aufweisen als die der ersten Metallschicht.According to a further preferred embodiment, the security element has two plastic layers, are embossed into the diffraction structures. At least one of these plastic layers is provided with a metal layer, so that the diffraction structures are observable in reflection. The second plastic layer may also be provided with a metal layer or a high refractive index dielectric layer. If the second plastic layer is also provided with a metal layer, then it may have a different intrinsic color than that of the first metal layer.

Das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitselement muss selbstverständlich nicht zwingend im Bereich einer Öffnung angeordnet werden, sondern kann überall dort sinnvoll eingesetzt werden, wo es ohne Beeinträchtigung von beiden Seiten geprüft werden kann. Hierbei kann es sich beispielweise um einen vollständig transparenten Bereich in einem Wertdokument, wie einer Kunststoffbanknote, handeln.Of course, the security element according to the invention does not necessarily have to be arranged in the region of an opening, but can be usefully used everywhere, where it can be tested without impairment from both sides. This may, for example, be a completely transparent region in a value document, such as a plastic banknote.

Ebenso ist es möglich, das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitselement als Sicherheitsfaden zu verwenden, der z. B. in so genannten "pendelnden" Fenster-Sicherheitspapieren eingebracht ist. Bei diesen Sicherheitspapieren sind die "Fensterbereiche", bei denen die Sicherheitsfäden an der Sicherheitspapier-Oberfläche direkt zugänglich und somit überprüfbar sind, abwechselnd auf Vor- und Rückseite des Papiers vorgesehen.It is also possible to use the security element according to the invention as a security thread, the z. B. is introduced in so-called "swinging" window security papers. These security papers are the "window areas" where the security threads are on the security paper surface directly accessible and thus verifiable, provided alternately on the front and back of the paper.

Bekanntermaßen ist bei der Papierherstellung nicht immer sicherzustellen, dass die Sicherheitsfäden seitenrichtig in das Papier eingebettet werden. Damit ein verdrehter und damit seitenverkehrt eingebrachter Sicherheitsfaden trotzdem lesbar ist, werden Schriftzeichen und Texte deshalb in der Regel abwechselnd seitenrichtig und seitenverkehrt vorgesehen. Auf diese Weise ist unabhängig von der Lage des Sicherheitsfadens immer ein Teil lesbar.As is known, in papermaking it is not always ensured that the security threads are embedded in the paper in the correct direction. Thus, a twisted and thus reversed introduced security thread is still readable, therefore, characters and texts are therefore usually provided alternately true to the page and reversed. In this way, regardless of the location of the security thread is always a part readable.

Zur Behebung dieses Problems kann das erfindungsgemäße Sicherheitselement selbstverständlich auch eingesetzt werden, selbst wenn das Sicherheitspapier auf einer Seite Fensterbereiche aufweist.Of course, the security element according to the invention can also be used to remedy this problem, even if the security paper has window areas on one side.

Das Sicherheitselement kann ferner nicht nur zur Absicherung von Sicherheitspapieren oder Wertdokumenten verwendet werden, sondern auch zur Fälschungssicherung beliebiger Waren. Analoges gilt für das mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselement versehene Sicherheitspapier und/oder Wertdokument.Furthermore, the security element can be used not only to secure security papers or documents of value, but also to secure counterfeit goods of any kind. The same applies to the security paper provided with a security element according to the invention and / or value document.

Das Sicherheitselement kann beliebige Umrisskonturen aufweisen und beispielsweise rund, oval, rechteckig, trapezförmig, sternförmig oder auch streifenförmig ausgebildet sein.The security element may have any outline contours and, for example, round, oval, rectangular, trapezoidal, star-shaped or strip-shaped.

Wird ein streifenförmiges Sicherheitselement im Bereich einer Öffnung in einem Wertdokument oder Sicherheitspapier angeordnet, so ist eines der Sicherheitsmerkmale über die gesamte Länge des Streifens zu erkennen, während das zweite nur im Bereich der Öffnung sichtbar ist.If a strip-shaped security element is arranged in the region of an opening in a value document or security paper, then one of the security features can be recognized over the entire length of the strip, while the second is visible only in the region of the opening.

Die Herstellung des Sicherheitsmerkmals erfolgt beispielsweise auf einem selbsttragenden Trägerelement, wie einer transparenten Kunstofffolie, die anschließend als Etikettenmaterial verwendet wird. Gerade bei der Verwendung von Beugungsstrukturen als Sicherheitsmerkmale bietet sich jedoch alternativ die Herstellung einer Heißprägefolie an, bei der der komplette Schichtaufbau des Sicherheitselements auf einem Trägermaterial vorbereitet und anschließend unter der Einwirkung von Druck und Wärme zumindest bereichsweise auf das Wertdokument bzw. Sicherheitspapier übertragen wird. Das Trägermaterial wird vorzugsweise anschließend wieder abgezogen.The security feature is produced, for example, on a self-supporting support element, such as a transparent plastic film, which is subsequently used as label material. However, especially when using diffraction structures as security features, the alternative is the production of a hot stamping foil in which the complete layer structure of the security element is prepared on a carrier material and then transferred under the action of pressure and heat at least in regions to the value document or security paper. The carrier material is preferably subsequently removed again.

Die einzelnen Sicherheitsmerkmale können auch auf separaten Trägern vorbereitet werden, die anschließend laminiert oder über eine Klebstoffschicht miteinander verbunden werden.The individual security features can also be prepared on separate carriers, which are then laminated or bonded together via an adhesive layer.

Im Folgenden werden einzelne Ausführungsformen der Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher erläutert.In the following, individual embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS.

Es zeigen:

Fig.1
ein erfindungsgemäßes Wertdokument;
Fig. 2
Schnitt durch das Wertdokument entlang der Linie A - A;
Fig. 3
eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements;
Fig. 4 - 12
weitere Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements;
Fig. 13
eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wertdokuments;
Fig. 14
Beispiel für ein erfindungsgemäßes Sicherheitspapier;
Fig. 15
Schnitt durch das Sicherheitspapier entlang der Linie D - D.
Show it:
Fig.1
a value document according to the invention;
Fig. 2
Section through the value document along the line A - A;
Fig. 3
an embodiment of the security element according to the invention;
Fig. 4 - 12
further embodiments of the security element according to the invention;
Fig. 13
a further embodiment of the value document according to the invention;
Fig. 14
Example of a security paper according to the invention;
Fig. 15
Section through the security paper along the line D - D.

Fig.1 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Wertdokument in Aufsicht. Im gezeigten Beispiel handelt es sich um eine Banknote 1. Diese Banknote 1 weist eine durchgehende Öffnung 2 auf, die allerdings durch das Sicherheitselement 3 verdeckt wird. Fig.1 shows an inventive document of value in supervision. In the example shown, it is a banknote 1. This banknote 1 has a through opening 2, which, however, is hidden by the security element 3.

Fig. 2 zeigt die Banknote 1 im Querschnitt entlang der Linie A - A. Hier ist die Öffnung 2 deutlich zu erkennen. Im gezeigten Beispiel sind die Ränder 4 der Öffnung 2 glatt dargestellt, so wie sie beim Stanzen oder Schneiden der Banknote 1 entstehen. Wird die Öffnung 2 dagegen während der Herstellung der für die Banknote 1 verwendeten Papierbahn erzeugt, sind die Ränder 4 unregelmäßig und faserig. Dieser faserige Rand 4 stellt ein zusätzliches Echtheitsmerkmal dar, da dieser Rand nicht nachträglich im Papier erzeugt werden kann. Fig. 2 shows the banknote 1 in cross section along the line A - A. Here, the opening 2 can be clearly seen. In the example shown, the edges 4 of the opening 2 are shown smooth, as they arise when punching or cutting the banknote 1. On the other hand, when the opening 2 is formed during the manufacture of the paper web used for the banknote 1, the edges 4 are irregular and fibrous. This fibrous edge 4 represents an additional authenticity feature, since this edge can not be subsequently created in the paper.

Die Öffnung 2 wird durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Sicherheitselement 3 einseitig verschlossen. Im gezeigten Beispiel, ist das Sicherheitselement 3 in einer Vertiefung 5 der Banknote angeordnet, welche die Öffnung 2 umgibt. Auf diese Weise erhält die Banknote 1 eine durchgehende stufenlose Oberfläche, was die Handhabung, insbesondere die Stapelung der Banknoten, erleichtert.The opening 2 is closed by a security element 3 according to the invention on one side. In the example shown, the security element 3 is arranged in a recess 5 of the banknote which surrounds the opening 2. In this way, the banknote 1 receives a continuous stepless surface, which facilitates the handling, in particular the stacking of the banknotes.

Gemäß der Erfindung zeigt das Sicherheitselement 3 bei Betrachtung aus der Richtung B ein anderes Erscheinungsbild als bei Betrachtung aus der Richtung C. Im einfachsten Fall zeigt das Sicherheitselement 3 auf beiden Seiten unterschiedliche Bildmotive, Texte, alphanumerische Zeichen, Muster oder Kombinationen dieser Elemente.According to the invention, the security element 3 when viewed from the direction B shows a different appearance than when viewed from the direction C. In the simplest case, the security element 3 on both sides of different image motifs, texts, alphanumeric characters, patterns or combinations of these elements.

Um das Nachahmen derartiger Sicherheitselemente 3 jedoch zu erschweren, stehen die beiden Erscheinungsbilder des Sicherheitselements 3 in einer erkennbaren Beziehung zueinander. So kann beispielsweise auf beiden Seiten die gleiche seitenrichtige Information dargestellt sein, was insbesondere bei Textinformationen hilfreich ist, da in diesem Fall der Text von beiden Seiten seitenrichtig gelesen werden kann. Insofern liegt auch ein unterschiedliches Erscheinungsbild vor, wenn auf beiden Seiten die gleiche Information, allerdings jeweils seitenrichtig, zu erkennen ist.However, to complicate the imitation of such security elements 3, the two appearances of the security element 3 are in a recognizable relationship to each other. Thus, for example, the same page-correct information can be displayed on both sides, which is helpful in particular with text information, since in this case the text can be read from both sides in the correct direction. In this respect, there is also a different appearance, if on both sides of the same information, however, each true to the page, can be seen.

Alternativ kann das Sicherheitselement 3 auch unterschiedliche Ansichten eines Motivs darstellen. Ist beispielsweise aus der Richtung B die Vorderansicht eines Adlers zu erkennen, so ist der Sichtung C die Rückseite des Adlers zu erkennen. Die beiden Darstellungen sind dabei vorzugsweise registerhaltig zueinander angeordnet. Ebenso können auf beiden Seiten registerhalten Teile einer Gesamtinformation angeordnet sein, die sich ergänzen. Vorzugsweise wird hier eine symmetrische Information gewählt, die ebenfalls von beiden Seiten seitenrichtig wahrgenommen wird.Alternatively, the security element 3 can also represent different views of a motif. If, for example, the front view of an eagle can be recognized from the direction B, the sighting C can be recognized as the rear side of the eagle. The two representations are preferably arranged in register with each other. Likewise, parts of a total information that complement each other can be arranged on both sides. Preferably, a symmetrical information is selected here, which is also perceived in the correct direction from both sides.

Die unterschiedlichen Erscheinungsformen des Sicherheitselements 3 entstehen durch die Kombination zweier unterschiedlicher Sicherheitsmerkmale, die im Sicherheitselement 3 so angeordnet sind, dass für den Betrachter jeweils nur eines dieser Sicherheitsmerkmale je nach Betrachtungsrichtung sichtbar ist.The different manifestations of the security element 3 arise through the combination of two different security features, which are arranged in the security element 3 so that only one of these security features is visible to the viewer depending on the viewing direction.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements 3. Es setzt sich aus zwei unterschiedlichen Sicherheitsmerkmalen 6, 7 zusammen, die im vorliegenden Fall jeweils aus einem beugungsoptischen Element bestehen. Das Sicherheitsmerkmal 6 weist zwei Kunststoffschichten 8, 9 auf, zwischen welchen die Beugungsstruktur in Form einer Reliefstruktur 15 angeordnet ist. Zwischen den Kunststoffschichten 8, 9 ist zusätzlich eine Metallschicht 12 angeordnet, welche dafür sorgt, dass die in den Beugungsstrukturen gespeicherte Information in Reflexion erkennbar ist. Diese Metallschicht kann Unterbrechungen 16 aufweisen, welche die Form von Mustern, Buchstaben oder sonstigen alphanumerischen Zeichen haben können. Das Sicherheitsmerkmal 7 ist analog aufgebaut und setzt sich aus den zwei Kunststoffschichten 10, 11 zusammen, zwischen welchen die Beugungsstrukturen 17 sowie die Metallschicht 13 angeordnet sind. Auch diese Metallschicht 13 kann Unterbrechungen 18 in Form von beliebigen Mustern und alphanumerischen Zeichen aufweisen. Fig. 3 shows a first embodiment of the security element according to the invention 3. It is composed of two different security features 6, 7, which in the present case each consist of a diffraction-optical element. The security feature 6 has two plastic layers 8, 9, between which the diffraction structure is arranged in the form of a relief structure 15. Between the plastic layers 8, 9, a metal layer 12 is additionally arranged, which ensures that the information stored in the diffraction structures information is visible in reflection. This metal layer may include breaks 16, which may be in the form of patterns, letters or other alphanumeric characters. The security feature 7 is constructed analogously and is composed of the two plastic layers 10, 11, between which the diffraction structures 17 and the metal layer 13 are arranged. This metal layer 13 may also have interruptions 18 in the form of random patterns and alphanumeric characters.

Sind in den Metallschichten 12,13 Unterbrechungen 16,18 vorgesehen, wird vorzugsweise eine Mittelschicht 23 vorgesehen, die z. B. weiß oder schwarz, opak ausgeführt ist, im Kontrast zur Metallschicht steht und ein Durchscheinen der spiegelverkehrten Schriftzeichen der Rückseite verhindert. Die Unterbrechungen können aber auch deckungsgleich vorgesehen werden.Are in the metal layers 12,13 interruptions 16,18 provided, a middle layer 23 is preferably provided, the z. B. white or black, opaque, is in contrast to the metal layer and a show through the mirror-inverted characters prevents the back. The interruptions can also be provided congruent.

Die beiden Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 können entweder über eine Klebstoffschicht miteinander verbunden oder aber ohne Klebstoffschicht miteinander laminiert werden. Das Sicherheitselement 3 wird schließlich über die Klebstoffschichten 14 mit der Banknote 1 verbunden.The two security features 6, 7 can be connected to one another either via an adhesive layer or else without an adhesive layer be laminated. The security element 3 is finally connected to the banknote 1 via the adhesive layers 14.

Die Kunststoffschichten 9, 11 dienen in erster Linie als Schutzschichten und sind optional. Sie werden insbesondere dann nicht benötigt, wenn der gesamte Schichtaufbau auf einer Trägerfolie für ein Transfermaterial vorbereitet wird. In diesem Fall wird auf die Trägerfolie, die hinsichtlich ihrer gewünschten Release-Eigenschaften gegebenenfalls vorbehandelt werden kann, mit der Kunststoffschicht 8 beschichtet. In diese Kunststoffschicht 8 wird die Beugungsstruktur 15 eingeprägt und die geprägte Reliefstruktur 15 vorzugsweise im Vakuumdampfverfahren mit der Metallschicht 12 beschichtet. Anschließend wird auf die Metallschicht 12 die Kunststoffschicht 10 aufgetragen und diese ebenfalls geprägt. Auf diese mit den Beugungsstrukturen 17 versehene Kunststoffschicht 10 wird die Metallschicht 13 aufgebracht, vorzugsweise aufgedampft. Auf diese Metallschicht 13 wird die Klebstoffschicht für den Übertrag auf das Endsubstrat aufgetragen. Sofern die Metallschichten 12,13 Unterbrechungen aufweisen, sind zusätzliche Schritte notwendig, die sich aus dem jeweiligen hierfür verwendeten Verfahren, wie Laserabtrag, Ätzen oder Waschverfahren, ergeben.The plastic layers 9, 11 serve primarily as protective layers and are optional. They are not required in particular when the entire layer structure is prepared on a carrier film for a transfer material. In this case, the plastic film 8 is coated on the carrier film, which may optionally be pretreated with regard to its desired release properties. The diffraction structure 15 is embossed into this plastic layer 8 and the embossed relief structure 15 is preferably coated with the metal layer 12 in a vacuum vapor method. Subsequently, the plastic layer 10 is applied to the metal layer 12 and this also embossed. In this provided with the diffraction structures 17 plastic layer 10, the metal layer 13 is applied, preferably vapor-deposited. On this metal layer 13, the adhesive layer is applied to the transfer to the final substrate. If the metal layers 12,13 have interruptions, additional steps are necessary, resulting from the particular method used for this purpose, such as laser ablation, etching or washing process.

Die Reliefstruktur 15 ist beispielsweise so ausgelegt, dass bei Betrachtung aus der Richtung B die Vorderseite eines Adlers sichtbar wird, der beim Kippen der Banknote 1 seine Farbe wechselt. Die Beugungsstruktur 17 dagegen erzeugt den visuellen Eindruck der Rückseite eines Adlers, die ebenfalls beim Kippen der Banknote 1 ihre Farbe verändert. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Beugungsstruktur selbst auch eine lesbare Information vermitteln, die auf beiden Seiten seitenrichtig lesbar ist.The relief structure 15 is designed, for example, so that when viewed from the direction B, the front of an eagle is visible, which changes its color when tilting the banknote 1. In contrast, the diffraction structure 17 creates the visual impression of the back of an eagle, which also changes its color when the banknote 1 is tilted. Alternatively or additionally, the diffraction structure itself can also convey readable information which can be read on both sides in the correct direction.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Variante des in Fig. 3 dargestellten Sicherheitselements 3, bei welchem die Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 über eine Klebstoffschicht 19 miteinander verbunden sind und die Metallschichten 12,13 keinerlei Aussparungen 16,18 aufweisen. Die Klebstoffschicht 19 kann maschinell prüfbare Eigenschaften aufweisen. Sie kann beispielsweise mit elektrisch leitfähigen oder magnetischen Pigmenten versetzt werden. Fig. 4 shows a variant of in Fig. 3 shown security elements 3, wherein the security features 6, 7 are connected to each other via an adhesive layer 19 and the metal layers 12,13 have no recesses 16,18. The adhesive layer 19 may have machine testable properties. It can be mixed, for example, with electrically conductive or magnetic pigments.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements 3. Auch hier bestehen die Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 aus jeweils zwei Kunststoffschichten 8, 9, 10, 11, zwischen welchen Beugungsstrukturen 15,17 in Form einer Reliefstruktur vorliegen. In diesem Fall sind die Beugungsstrukturen 15, 17 jedoch nicht mit einer opaken Metallschicht kombiniert. Stattdessen befindet sich zwischen den Kunststoffschichten 8, 9 bzw. 10, 11 eine dielektrische Schicht 20 bzw. 21, welche einen von den Kunststoffschichten 8, 9, 10, 11 verschiedenen Brechungsindex aufweist, so dass die Beugungsstrukturen 15,17 ebenfalls in Reflexion betrachtet werden können. Da diese dielektrischen Schichten 20, 21 transparent sind, muss eine zusätzliche Schicht zwischen den Sicherheitsmerkmalen 6, 7 eingefügt werden, die dafür sorgt, dass jeweils nur eines der Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 sichtbar ist. Im gezeigten Beispiel handelt es sich hierbei um die schwarze Schicht 23, die gleichzeitig die Brillanz des visuellen Eindrucks der Beugungsstrukturen 15, 17 erhöht, da sie das transmittierte Licht absorbiert. Zusätzlich weist das Sicherheitselement 3 im gezeigten Beispiel eine Klebstoffschicht 19 auf, die die beiden Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 miteinander verbindet. Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the security element according to the invention 3. Again, the security features 6, 7 each consist of two plastic layers 8, 9, 10, 11, between which diffraction structures 15,17 are present in the form of a relief structure. In this case, however, the diffraction structures 15, 17 are not combined with an opaque metal layer. Instead, located between the plastic layers 8, 9 and 10, 11, a dielectric layer 20 and 21, which has a different refractive index of the plastic layers 8, 9, 10, 11, so that the diffraction structures 15,17 are also considered in reflection can. Since these dielectric layers 20, 21 are transparent, an additional layer must be inserted between the security features 6, 7, which ensures that in each case only one of the security features 6, 7 is visible. In the example shown, this is the black layer 23, which at the same time increases the brilliance of the visual impression of the diffraction structures 15, 17, since it absorbs the transmitted light. In addition, the security element 3 in the example shown on an adhesive layer 19 which connects the two security features 6, 7 together.

Je nachdem welche Klebstoffeigenschaften bzw. welches Laminierverhalten die Schicht 23 aufweist, kann auf diese Klebstoffschicht 19 auch verzichtet werden.Depending on which adhesive properties or which laminating behavior the layer 23 has, this adhesive layer 19 can also be dispensed with.

Statt der schwarzen Farbschicht 23 kann auch eine dunkle Magnetschicht verwendet werden, die den gleichen optischen Effekt erzeugt und zusätzlich für eine maschinelle Lesbarkeit des Sicherheitselements 3 sorgt. Die Magnetschicht kann auch zusätzlich zu der Farbschicht vorgesehen sein, um ein Ausspähen der Magnetschicht im Durchlicht zu verhindern.Instead of the black color layer 23, it is also possible to use a dark magnetic layer which produces the same optical effect and additionally ensures machine readability of the security element 3. The magnetic layer may also be provided in addition to the color layer to prevent spying of the magnetic layer in the transmitted light.

Bei der in Fig. 6 dargestellten Variante des Sicherheitselements 3 sind die Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 unterschiedlich ausgestaltet. Das Sicherheitsmerkmal 6 besteht nach wie vor aus einem Beugungselement, wie es bereits in den oben beschriebenen Figuren erläutert wurde. Das Sicherheitsmerkmal 7 dagegen besteht in diesem Fall aus einem bereichsweise aufgebrachten Dünnschichtaufbau 22, der ein bestimmtes Motiv, Muster oder alphanumerische Zeichen darstellt. Um auch hier eine Trennung der visuellen Wahrnehmbarkeit der beiden Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 gewährleisten zu können, wird eine schwarze Schicht 23 zwischen den beiden Sicherheitsmerkmalen 6,7 angeordnet. Diese Schicht hat auch hier zusätzlich die Aufgabe, den optischen Effekt des Dünnschichtaufbaus 22 zu verstärken.At the in Fig. 6 illustrated variant of the security element 3, the security features 6, 7 configured differently. The security feature 6 still consists of a diffraction element, as has already been explained in the figures described above. The security feature 7, however, in this case consists of a partially applied thin-film structure 22, which represents a specific motif, pattern or alphanumeric characters. In order to be able to ensure a separation of the visual perceptibility of the two security features 6, 7, a black layer 23 is arranged between the two security features 6, 7. Here too, this layer additionally has the task of enhancing the optical effect of the thin-film structure 22.

Die mit dem Dünnschichtaufbau 22 dargestellte Information kann dabei der mit den Beugungsstrukturen 15 dargestellten Information entsprechen, diese ergänzen oder, wie bereits erwähnt, eine andere Ansicht des gleichen Motivs darstellen.The information represented by the thin-film structure 22 can correspond to the information represented by the diffraction structures 15, supplement it or, as already mentioned, represent a different view of the same motif.

Anstelle des Dünnschichtaufbaus können auch andere Effektschichten oder Effektpigmente enthaltende Druckfarben verwendet werden. Bei diesen Effektschichten bzw. Effektpigmenten kann es sich beispielsweise um lumineszierende oder absorbierende, insbesondere IR-absorbierende Stoffe, oder auch Flüssigkristallpigmente handeln. Auch ein einfacher Aufdruck ist denkbar.Instead of the thin-film structure, it is also possible to use other printing inks comprising effect layers or effect pigments. These effect layers or effect pigments may be, for example, luminescent or absorbing substances, in particular IR-absorbing substances, or else liquid-crystal pigments. Even a simple imprint is conceivable.

In Fig. 7 ist schließlich eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements 3 dargestellt, bei welchem die beiden Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 jeweils aus einem optisch variablen Aufdruck 25, 26 bestehen. Hierfür wird eine Druckfarbe verwendet, die wenigstens ein Flüssigkristall- oder Interferenzschichtpigment aufweist. Für die beiden Aufdrucke 25, 26 können dabei unterschiedliche optisch variable Pigmente verwendet werden.In Fig. 7 Finally, an embodiment of the security element 3 according to the invention is shown, in which the two security features 6, 7 each consist of an optically variable imprint 25, 26. For this purpose, a printing ink is used which has at least one liquid crystal or interference layer pigment. For the two imprints 25, 26 different optically variable pigments can be used.

Wenn nur jeweils einer der Aufdrucke 25, 26 sichtbar sein soll, wird ein opaker Träger 24 verwendet. Vorzugsweise ist dieser Träger 24 eine Kunststofffolie, die vorzugsweise dunkel eingefärbt ist.If only one of the imprints 25, 26 is to be visible, an opaque carrier 24 is used. Preferably, this carrier 24 is a plastic film, which is preferably colored dark.

In den gezeigten Beispielen ist jeweils die Klebstoffschicht 14 eingezeichnet, mit welcher das Sicherheitselement 3 an der Banknote 1 befestigt wird. Diese Klebstoffschicht 14 ist jedoch optional. Stattdessen kann die Klebstoffschicht auch auf das Dokument selbst aufgebracht oder eine andere Art der Befestigung gewählt werden.In the examples shown, in each case the adhesive layer 14 with which the security element 3 is fastened to the banknote 1 is shown. However, this adhesive layer 14 is optional. Instead, the adhesive layer can also be applied to the document itself or another type of attachment can be selected.

Fig. 8 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements 3. Hier wird ein Trägermaterial 33, vorzugsweise eine transparente Kunststofffolie, auf der einen Seite mit dem Sicherheitsmerkmal 6 und auf der anderen Seite mit dem Sicherheitsmerkmal 7 versehen. Im gezeigten Beispiel bestehen beide Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 aus einer in Reflexion beobachtbaren Beugungsstruktur. Diese Beugungsstruktur liegt in Form einer Reliefstruktur in der Kunststoffschicht 36 bzw. 37 vor, die jeweils mit einer Metallschicht 35, 38 versehen sind. Die Metallschichten 35, 38 schließlich werden von Schutzschichten 34, 39 abgedeckt. Fig. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the security element according to the invention 3. Here is a substrate 33, preferably a transparent plastic film, provided on one side with the security feature 6 and on the other side with the security feature 7. In the example shown, both security features 6, 7 consist of a diffraction structure observable in reflection. This diffraction structure is in the form of a relief structure in the plastic layer 36 or 37, which are each provided with a metal layer 35, 38. Finally, the metal layers 35, 38 are covered by protective layers 34, 39.

Im einfachsten Fall werden die Kunststoffschichten 36, 37 mit der gleichen Beugungsstruktur versehen und die Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 unterscheiden sich lediglich hinsichtlich der Farbe der Metallschichten 35, 38. Die unterschiedliche Farbe der Metallschichten 35, 38 kann entweder durch die Verwendung spezieller Metalle mit unterschiedlichen Eigenfarben erzeugt werden. So kann die Metallschicht 35 beispielsweise aus einer silbrigen Aluminiumschicht und die Metallschicht 38 aus einer Kupferschicht bestehen. Ein anderer Farbeindruck der Metallschicht kann jedoch auch mit Hilfe der Schutzschicht 34, 39 erzeugt werden. In diesem Fall werden für die Metallschichten 35, 38 die gleichen Materialien verwendet und die Schutzschichten 34, 39 mit entsprechenden transluzenten unterschiedlichen Farben eingefärbt. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann für die Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 auch eine unterschiedliche Beugungsstruktur gewählt werden.In the simplest case, the plastic layers 36, 37 are provided with the same diffraction structure and the security features 6, 7 differ only with respect to the color of the metal layers 35, 38. The different color of the metal layers 35, 38 can either by the use of special metals with different intrinsic colors be generated. For example, the metal layer 35 may consist of a silvery aluminum layer and the metal layer 38 may consist of a copper layer. However, another color impression of the metal layer can also be produced with the aid of the protective layer 34, 39. In this case, the same materials are used for the metal layers 35, 38 and the protective layers 34, 39 are colored with corresponding translucent different colors. Alternatively or additionally, a different diffraction structure can also be selected for the security features 6, 7.

Fig. 9 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements 3, bei welcher unterschiedliche Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 verwendet werden. Das Sicherheitsmerkmal 6 entspricht hierbei dem bereits in Fig. 8 erläuterten Sicherheitsmerkmal mit einer reflektierenden Beugungsstruktur, die auf ein Trägermaterial 33 aufgebracht ist. Das auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Trägermaterials 33 angeordnete Sicherheitsmerkmal 7 besteht aus einem Druckbild 40, das von einer semitransparenten Schicht 41 abgedeckt wird. Bei dieser semitransparenten Schicht 41 kann es sich um eine dünne, transluzente, vollflächige Metallschicht oder eine gerasterte Metallschicht handeln. Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of the security element 3 according to the invention, in which different security features 6, 7 are used. The security feature 6 corresponds to the already in Fig. 8 explained security feature with a reflective diffraction structure, which is applied to a substrate 33. The security feature 7 arranged on the opposite side of the carrier material 33 consists of a printed image 40 which is covered by a semitransparent layer 41. This semitransparent layer 41 may be a thin, translucent, full-surface metal layer or a screened metal layer.

Alternativ kann auch ein mehrschichtiger Aufbau verwendet werden, der beispielsweise eine Beugungsstruktur analog zum Sicherheitsmerkmal 6 aufweist. Allerdings muss in diesem Fall statt der Metallschicht 35 eine dielektrische transparente Schicht verwendet werden, die einerseits den Aufdruck 40 erkennen lässt und andererseits die Beugungsstrukturen in Reflexion sichtbar macht. Auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel kann es sinnvoll sein, die Trägerfolie 33 einzufärben, um die Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 visuell voneinander zu trennen. Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform, die in Fig. 10 dargestellt ist, müssen nicht notwendigerweise alle Schichten eines Sicherheitsmerkmals auf der gleichen Seite des Trägermaterials 33 angeordnet sein. So kann die semitransparente Schicht 41 auch auf der gleichen Seite des Trägermaterials 33 unter dem Sicherheitsmerkmal 6 angeordnet sein. Im hier gezeigten Beispiel weist die Metallschicht 35 zudem Unterbrechungen beliebiger Form auf. Die Unterbrechungen können dabei auch die Form eines größeren Bereichs mit beliebiger Umrissform, wie quadratisch, rund oder rechteckig, aufweisen. Diese Unterbrechungen sind bei Betrachtung des Sicherheitselements 3 aus der Richtung A im Auflicht zu erkennen. Die unter dem Sicherheitsmerkmal 6 angeordnete semitransparente Schicht 41 sorgt dafür, dass der Aufdruck 40 aus dieser Betrachtungsrichtung praktisch nicht zu erkennen ist. Erst bei Betrachtung im Durchlicht scheint der Druck 40 durch die Unterbrechungen 42 hindurch. Bei Betrachtung des Sicherheitselements aus der Blickrichtung B dagegen ist lediglich der Aufdruck 40 gut zu erkennen, da auch hier die semitransparente Schicht 41 das Sicherheitsmerkmal 6 verschleiert.Alternatively, it is also possible to use a multilayer structure which, for example, has a diffraction structure analogous to the security feature 6. However, in this case, instead of the metal layer 35, a dielectric transparent layer has to be used, which on the one hand has the imprint 40 on the other hand makes the diffraction structures visible in reflection. Also in this embodiment, it may be useful to color the carrier sheet 33 to visually separate the security features 6, 7 from each other. According to a further embodiment, in Fig. 10 As shown, not all layers of a security feature need to be disposed on the same side of the substrate 33. Thus, the semitransparent layer 41 can also be arranged on the same side of the carrier material 33 under the security feature 6. In the example shown here, the metal layer 35 also has interruptions of any shape. The interruptions can also have the form of a larger area with any outline shape, such as square, round or rectangular. These interruptions can be seen when viewing the security element 3 from the direction A in reflected light. The semitransparent layer 41 arranged below the security feature 6 ensures that the imprint 40 can not be recognized practically from this viewing direction. Only when viewed in transmitted light, the pressure 40 through the interruptions 42 through. When viewing the security element from the viewing direction B, however, only the imprint 40 can be clearly seen, since here too the semitransparent layer 41 obscures the security feature 6.

In Fig. 11 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements 3 dargestellt. Das Sicherheitsmerkmal 6 besteht in diesem Fall aus einer Kunststoffschicht, in die Beugungsstrukturen eingebracht sind, und die anschließend zumindest bereichsweise mit einer Metallschicht 35 versehen ist. Das Sicherheitsmerkmal 7 besteht aus einem Aufdruck 40, der visuell von Sicherheitsmerkmal 6 durch eine opake weiße Druckschicht 42 getrennt ist.In Fig. 11 a further embodiment of the security element 3 according to the invention is shown. The security feature 6 consists in this case of a plastic layer, are introduced into the diffraction structures, and then at least partially provided with a metal layer 35. The security feature 7 consists of a print 40, which is visually separated from security feature 6 by an opaque white print layer 42.

In Fig. 12 ist schließlich eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheitselements gezeigt, bei welcher sowohl das Sicherheitsmerkmal 6 als auch das Sicherheitsmerkmal 7 jeweils aus einer opaken Beschichtung bestehen, die in bestimmten Bereichen Unterbrechungen 44, 46 aufweisen. Wesentlich dabei ist, dass die opake Beschichtung 45 im Bereich der Unterbrechungen 44 keine Unterbrechungen aufweist, d. h. dass sie in diesem Bereich vollflächig ausgeführt ist. Umgekehrt ist auch die opake Beschichtung 43 im Bereich der Unterbrechungen 46 vollflächig ausgeführt. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass die durch die Unterbrechungen 44 dargestellte Information jeweils nur von einer Seite des Sicherheitselements 3 zu erkennen ist und im Falle von Text auch immer seitenrichtig gelesen werden kann. Bei der opaken Beschichtung 43, 45 kann es sich um beliebige Farbschichten und/ oder Metallschichten handeln. Die Schichten 43, 45 können unterschiedliche Farbe haben, wobei im Falle von Metallschichten die unterschiedliche Farbe auch durch zusätzliches Aufdrucken einer transluzenten farbigen Lackschicht erzeugt werden kann. Es können auch optisch variable Druckfarben oder Metalleffektfarben verwendet werden, die als Negativdruck auf das Trägermaterial 33 aufgebracht werden.In Fig. 12 Finally, an embodiment of the security element according to the invention is shown, in which both the security feature 6 and the security feature 7 each consist of an opaque coating having interruptions 44, 46 in certain areas. It is essential that the opaque coating 45 in the region of the interruptions 44 has no interruptions, that is, that it is executed over its entire surface in this area. Conversely, the opaque coating 43 in the area of the interruptions 46 is executed over its entire surface. In this way, it is ensured that the information represented by the interruptions 44 can only be recognized by one side of the security element 3 and, in the case of text, can always be read in the correct direction. The opaque coating 43, 45 may be any desired color layers and / or metal layers. The layers 43, 45 can have different colors, wherein in the case of metal layers, the different color can also be produced by additionally printing a translucent colored lacquer layer. It is also possible to use optically variable printing inks or metallic effect paints which are applied to the carrier material 33 as a negative pressure.

Werden für die opake Beschichtung 43, 45 Metallschichten verwendet, so können diese selbstverständlich mit Beugungsstrukturen, wie bereits erläutert, kombiniert werden.If metal layers are used for the opaque coating 43, 45, these can of course be combined with diffraction structures, as already explained.

In allen Ausführungsformen, in welchen Beugungsstrukturen als Sicherheitsmerkmal verwendet werden, können diese auch als transparente Beugungselemente ausgeführt werden, indem die Metallschicht durch eine dielektrische Schicht mit entsprechenden Brechungsindex ersetzt wird. Unter Umständen kann es sich bei dieser dielektrischen Schicht auch um eine entsprechende Kleberschicht handeln, die als Verbindungselement zu einem weiteren Sicherheitsmerkmal oder dem Endsubstrat dient.In all embodiments in which diffraction structures are used as a security feature, they can also be embodied as transparent diffraction elements by replacing the metal layer with a dielectric layer having a corresponding refractive index. Under certain circumstances, this dielectric layer may also be a corresponding one Adhesive layer, which serves as a connecting element to another security feature or the final substrate.

Sofern die Sicherheitsmerkmale Metallschichten aufweisen, können diese auch semitransparent oder in Form einer gerasterten Metallschicht ausgeführt werden.If the security features have metal layers, they can also be made semitransparent or in the form of a screened metal layer.

Fig. 13 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wertdokuments. In diesem Fall wird die Öffnung 2 in der Banknote 1 beidseitig von jeweils einem Sicherheitsmerkmal 27, 28 verschlossen. Das heißt, das Sicherheitselement 3 wird in diesem Fall nicht als einheitlicher Schichtaufbau vorbereitet und anschließend im Bereich der Öffnung angeordnet, sondern die Einzelteile des Sicherheitselements 3, das heißt, die Sicherheitsmerkmale 27, 28 werden getrennt voneinander jeweils auf einer Seite der Öffnung angeordnet. Hier können die bereits beschriebenen Sicherheitsmerkmale 6, 7 analog angewendet werden. Sie zeigen auch die gleichen optischen Effekte und stehen auch hinsichtlich der dargestellten Informationen in analoger Beziehung zueinander. Fig. 13 shows a further embodiment of the value document according to the invention. In this case, the opening 2 in the banknote 1 is closed on both sides by a respective security feature 27, 28. That is, the security element 3 is not prepared in this case as a uniform layer structure and then arranged in the region of the opening, but the items of the security element 3, that is, the security features 27, 28 are arranged separately from each other on one side of the opening. Here, the already described security features 6, 7 can be applied analogously. They also show the same optical effects and are also in terms of the information shown in an analogous relationship to each other.

Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Sicherheitselement 3 kann beliebige Umrissformen aufweisen. So kann es beispielsweise rund, oval, rechteckig, sternförmig oder trapezförmig ausgeführt sein. Die Umrisskontur kann dabei an die Umrisskontur der Öffnung 2 angepasst werden oder mit dieser übereinstimmen.This in Fig. 1 illustrated security element 3 may have any outline shapes. For example, it can be round, oval, rectangular, star-shaped or trapezoidal. The outline contour can be adapted to the outline contour of the opening 2 or match this.

Alternativ kann das Sicherheitselement 3 auch in Form eines Streifens, der sich über die gesamte Breite oder Länge des Wertdokuments erstreckt, ausgeführt sein. Diese Ausführungsform ist besonders sinnvoll, wenn für die Herstellung des Wertdokuments ein Sicherheitspapier verwendet wird und das Sicherheitselement 3 bereits auf das Sicherheitspapier in kontinuierlicher Form aufgebracht werden soll.Alternatively, the security element 3 may also be designed in the form of a strip which extends over the entire width or length of the document of value. This embodiment is particularly useful when a security paper is used for the production of the value document and the security element 3 should already be applied to the security paper in a continuous form.

Fig. 14 zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus einem derartigen Sicherheitspapier 30 in Aufsicht. Auf das Papier 30 werden in entsprechenden Abständen voneinander Sicherheitselemente 3 in Form von Streifen in einem kontinuierlichen Heißprägeverfahren aufgebracht. Diese Papierbahn 30 wird anschließend in weiteren Verarbeitungsschritten bedruckt und in Einzeldokumente geschnitten. Fig. 14 shows a section of such a security paper 30 in supervision. Security elements 3 in the form of strips are applied to the paper 30 at appropriate intervals from each other in a continuous hot embossing process. This paper web 30 is then printed in further processing steps and cut into individual documents.

Fig. 15 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch diese Papierbahn 30 entlang der Linie D - D. Man erkennt, dass die Papierbahn 30 unter dem Sicherheitselement 3 in bestimmten Abständen Öffnungen 2 aufweist. Vorzugsweise werden die Öffnungen 2 in einem derartigen Abstand angeordnet, dass jedes spätere Einzeldokument jeweils eine Öffnung 2 aufweist. Die Öffnungen 2 wurden hier während der Herstellung der Papierbahn 30 erzeugt, weshalb die Ränder 31 der Öffnungen 2 unregelmäßig und faserig ausgebildet sind. Fig. 15 shows a cross section through this paper web 30 along the line D - D. It can be seen that the paper web 30 has under the security element 3 at certain intervals openings 2. Preferably, the openings 2 are arranged at such a distance that each subsequent individual document in each case has an opening 2. The openings 2 were produced here during the production of the paper web 30, which is why the edges 31 of the openings 2 are formed irregular and fibrous.

Das Sicherheitsmerkmal kann auch als Sicherheitsfaden ausgeführt sein, der in das Sicherheitspapier eingebettet wird. Vorzugsweise weist das Sicherheitspapier in diesem Fall auf beiden Seiten Öffnungen, so genannte Fenster auf.The security feature may also be implemented as a security thread that is embedded in the security paper. In this case, the security paper preferably has openings on both sides, so-called windows.

Claims (33)

  1. A security element having at least two different security features disposed on opposite sides of the security element, at least one of the security features being optically variable and the security features being so disposed on the security element that only one of the security features is recognizable when the security element is viewed from one side.
  2. The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the security features is a printed image or a semitransparent layer.
  3. The security element according to claim 2, characterized in that the semitransparent layer is a thin metal layer or a screened metal layer.
  4. The security element according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the printed image has IR-absorbent, luminescent, magnetic or electrically conductive properties.
  5. The security element according to at least one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the printed image is a negative print.
  6. The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that both security features are optically variable security features.
  7. The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one optically variable security feature or at least one of the optically variable security features is a diffraction structure observable in reflection.
  8. The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one optically variable security feature or at least one of the optically variable security features is a thin-film element.
  9. The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one optically variable security feature or at least one of the optically variable security features is an optically variable print, the printing ink used containing at least one optically variable pigment, such as liquid-crystal pigments or interference-layer pigments.
  10. The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a machine testable and/or visually testable layer is disposed between the security features.
  11. The security element according to claim 10, characterized in that the visually testable layer is a luminescent, IR-absorbent, electrically conductive or magnetic layer.
  12. The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a color layer, preferably a black or white color layer, is disposed between the security features.
  13. The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least one of the security features has a layer with interruptions in the form of characters, patterns or logos.
  14. The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the security element consists of a multilayer foil structure, the different security features being two diffraction structures observable in reflection that create a different optical impression.
  15. The security element according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one of the diffraction structures observable in reflection consists of a plastic layer and a metal layer provided at least in certain areas, the plastic layer having the diffraction structures in the form of a relief structure.
  16. The security element according to claim 15, characterized in that both security features have a plastic layer and a metal layer provided at least in certain areas, the metal layers conveying a different color impression.
  17. The security element according to at least one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the security element has two such security features between which a magnetic layer is disposed.
  18. The security element according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one of the diffraction structures observable in reflection consists of a plastic layer and a dielectric layer having a refractive index different from the plastic layer, so that the diffraction structures present in the plastic layer in the form of a relief structure are visible in reflection.
  19. The security element according to claim 18, characterized in that the security element has two such security features between which a black color layer is disposed.
  20. The security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the security features show different views of the same motif.
  21. A security element having at least two different security features disposed on opposite sides of the security element, the security features each having an opaque coating with interruptions in the form of characters, patterns or logos and the opposite opaque coating being all-over in the area of the interruptions, so that only one of the security features is recognizable when the security element is viewed from one side.
  22. The security element according to claim 21, characterized in that at least one of the opaque coatings is a metal layer.
  23. The security element according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the opaque coatings have different colors.
  24. A security paper for producing security documents having at least one through opening closed on one side with a security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 23 so that the different security features are recognizable in the area of the opening.
  25. A value document having at least one through opening closed on one side with a security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 23 so that the different security features are recognizable in the area of the opening.
  26. A value document having at least one through opening closed on one side with a first optically variable security feature and on the opposite side with a second optically variable security feature, the security features being different and being so disposed on the value document that only one of the security features is recognizable when the value document is viewed from one side.
  27. A value document having a security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 23.
  28. Use of a security element according to at least one of claims 1 to 23 for protecting goods of any kind from forgery.
  29. Use of a security element according to claim 28 for security papers, value documents or ID cards.
  30. Use of a security paper according to claim 24 for protecting goods of any kind from forgery.
  31. Use of a security paper according to claim 30 for bank notes or ID cards.
  32. Use of a value document according to any of claims 25 to 27 for protecting goods of any kind from forgery.
  33. Use of a value document according to claim 32 for bank notes or ID cards.
EP02795218.3A 2001-12-21 2002-12-17 Security element for security papers and valuable documents Expired - Lifetime EP1458575B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200230783T SI1458575T1 (en) 2001-12-21 2002-12-17 Security element for security papers and valuable documents

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10163264 2001-12-21
DE10163264 2001-12-21
DE10226114A DE10226114A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2002-06-12 Security element for security papers and documents of value
DE10226114 2002-06-12
PCT/EP2002/014415 WO2003053713A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2002-12-17 Security element for security papers and valuable documents

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EP1458575A1 EP1458575A1 (en) 2004-09-22
EP1458575B1 true EP1458575B1 (en) 2008-10-01
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EP (1) EP1458575B2 (en)
JP (1) JP4574986B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101017435B1 (en)
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AT (1) ATE409597T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002361002B2 (en)
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CA (1) CA2471357C (en)
DE (2) DE10226114A1 (en)
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CN1589205A (en) 2005-03-02
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ZA200403157B (en) 2005-01-13
PL369245A1 (en) 2005-04-18
JP4574986B2 (en) 2010-11-04
HK1071871A1 (en) 2005-08-05
CA2471357C (en) 2011-02-01
DE10226114A1 (en) 2003-07-03
HUP0402340A2 (en) 2005-03-29
KR20040075876A (en) 2004-08-30
ATE409597T1 (en) 2008-10-15
ES2312653T3 (en) 2009-03-01
EP1458575A1 (en) 2004-09-22
AU2002361002A1 (en) 2003-07-09
JP2005512859A (en) 2005-05-12
US8449969B2 (en) 2013-05-28
HUP0402340A3 (en) 2005-08-29
SI1458575T1 (en) 2009-04-30
BR0215268A (en) 2004-12-07
RU2004122634A (en) 2005-06-10
EP1458575B2 (en) 2019-02-13
PT1458575E (en) 2008-12-24
CN1589205B (en) 2010-10-13
AU2002361002B2 (en) 2007-08-16
PL205084B1 (en) 2010-03-31
CA2471357A1 (en) 2003-07-03
RU2316428C2 (en) 2008-02-10
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DE50212846D1 (en) 2008-11-13
KR101017435B1 (en) 2011-02-25

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