DE102020212217B3 - Method for operating an electrically drivable motor vehicle, and electrically drivable motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method for operating an electrically drivable motor vehicle, and electrically drivable motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102020212217B3
DE102020212217B3 DE102020212217.2A DE102020212217A DE102020212217B3 DE 102020212217 B3 DE102020212217 B3 DE 102020212217B3 DE 102020212217 A DE102020212217 A DE 102020212217A DE 102020212217 B3 DE102020212217 B3 DE 102020212217B3
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Prior art keywords
motor vehicle
voltage battery
low
charging station
charge
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DE102020212217.2A
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German (de)
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Benny Bruhnke
Georg Butzbach
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Priority to DE102020212217.2A priority Critical patent/DE102020212217B3/en
Priority to PCT/EP2021/076474 priority patent/WO2022064030A1/en
Priority to CN202180066319.2A priority patent/CN116209596A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/36—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles by positioning the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas
    • G08G1/145—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas where the indication depends on the parking areas
    • G08G1/146—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas where the indication depends on the parking areas where the parking area is a limited parking space, e.g. parking garage, restricted space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/24—Steering angle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/32—Driving direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/60—Navigation input
    • B60L2240/62—Vehicle position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/70—Interactions with external data bases, e.g. traffic centres
    • B60L2240/72—Charging station selection relying on external data
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/32—Auto pilot mode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrisch antreibbaren Kraftfahrzeugs (1), das eine Hochvoltbatterie (12) und eine Niedervoltbatterie (14) aufweist und autonom fahren kann. In einem Zustand, in welchem das Kraftfahrzeug (1) geparkt ist, wird zumindest ab einer Mindestparkdauer der Ladezustand der Niedervoltbatterie (14) überwacht. Bei Erreichen eines Grenzwerts für eine Größe, die zu dem Ladezustand definiert ist, fährt sich das Kraftfahrzeug (1) autonom zu einer Ladestation (30), sodass dort die Niedervoltbatterie (14) wieder aufgeladen wird.The invention relates to a method for operating an electrically drivable motor vehicle (1), which has a high-voltage battery (12) and a low-voltage battery (14) and can drive autonomously. In a state in which the motor vehicle (1) is parked, the state of charge of the low-voltage battery (14) is monitored for at least a minimum parking period. When a limit value for a variable that is defined for the state of charge is reached, the motor vehicle (1) drives autonomously to a charging station (30) so that the low-voltage battery (14) is recharged there.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrisch antreibbaren Kraftfahrzeugs sowie ein elektrisch antreibbares Kraftfahrzeug als solches.The present invention relates to a method for operating an electrically drivable motor vehicle and an electrically drivable motor vehicle as such.

Das Kraftfahrzeug soll hierbei eine Hochvoltbatterie und eine Niedervoltbatterie aufweisen und zudem ausgelegt sein, autonom zu fahren. Es kann ein Plug-in-Hybrid sein oder rein elektrisch fahren.The motor vehicle should have a high-voltage battery and a low-voltage battery and should also be designed to drive autonomously. It can be a plug-in hybrid or purely electric.

Die Hochvoltbatterie wird als Traktionsbatterie zum elektrischen Fahren genutzt, wohingegen es Aufgabe der Niedervoltbatterie ist, Verbraucher im Kraftfahrzeug wie etwa vor Allem dessen Steuergerät mit elektrischer Energie zu versorgen. Diese Verbraucher haben auch einen Ruhestromverbrauch, sodass sich bei einer längeren Parkdauer die Niedervoltbatterie entlädt. Zum einen verbraucht das Steuergerät für die Verwaltung beziehungsweise das Management des Kraftfahrzeugs Energie. Auch kann der Besitzer etwa auf einem Smartphone Abfragen zum Fahrzeug vornehmen, was dort ebenfalls für Energieverbrauch sorgt. Möglicherweise wird das Fahrzeug sogar gewartet und/ oder gereinigt, wenn es sich in dem Parkareal befindet, und verbraucht hierbei Energie.The high-voltage battery is used as a traction battery for electric driving, whereas the task of the low-voltage battery is to supply consumers in the vehicle, such as its control unit, with electrical energy. These consumers also have a quiescent current consumption, so that the low-voltage battery discharges if the vehicle is parked for a longer period of time. On the one hand, the control device for the administration or management of the motor vehicle consumes energy. The owner can also make inquiries about the vehicle on a smartphone, for example, which also causes energy consumption there. The vehicle may even be serviced and/or cleaned while in the parking lot, consuming energy in the process.

Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere das Gebiet des Langzeitparkens des Kraftfahrzeugs. Standzeiten von beispielsweise etwa 55 Tagen sollen mindestens erreicht werden. Autonom fahrende Fahrzeuge gibt der Besitzer am Parkplatzeingang ab, und sie fahren selbsttätig einen Parkplatz an. Man nennt dies auch - automatisiertes - „Valet Parking“.The invention relates in particular to the field of long-term parking of the motor vehicle. Service lives of around 55 days, for example, should at least be achieved. Driverless vehicles are handed in by the owner at the entrance to the car park and they automatically drive to a car park. This is also called - automated - "valet parking".

Aus der DE 10 2015 201 205 ist ein Valet-Park-System zur optimalen Nutzung einer Parkfläche bekannt, bei dem für Fahrzeuge vor Ort eine jeweilige Restreichweite anhand der Hochvoltbatterie ermittelt wird und in Abhängigkeit davon eine Parkplatzzuweisung erfolgt. Gegebenenfalls wird das Fahrzeug auch während der Parkdauer zwischenzeitlich umgeparkt. Vor einem geplanten Abholtermin fahren die Fahrzeuge autonom eine Ladestation an, damit der Besitzer sein Fahrzeug mit einer voll geladenen Hochvoltbatterie vorfindet.From the DE 10 2015 201 205 a valet parking system for the optimal use of a parking space is known in which a respective remaining range is determined for vehicles on site using the high-voltage battery and depending on this a parking space is allocated. If necessary, the vehicle will also be reparked during the parking period. Before a scheduled pick-up time, the vehicles drive autonomously to a charging station so that the owner finds his vehicle with a fully charged high-voltage battery.

Gemäß der DE 10 2016 217 768 B4 wird beim Parken eines elektrischen Fahrzeugs ein Verbrennungsmotor desselben aktiviert, um die Hochvoltbatterie zu laden.According to the DE 10 2016 217 768 B4 When an electric vehicle is parked, a combustion engine is activated to charge the high-voltage battery.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, das Langzeitparken bei elektrisch antreibbaren und autonom fahrenden Kraftfahrzeugen zu verbessern.It is the object of the invention to improve long-term parking in electrically driven and autonomously driving motor vehicles.

Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass in einem Zustand, in welchem das Kraftfahrzeug geparkt ist, zumindest ab einer Mindestparkdauer der Ladezustand der Niedervoltbatterie überwacht wird und bei Erreichen eines Grenzwerts für eine zu dem Ladezustand definierte Größe (Spannung, Restlaufzeit etc.) das Kraftfahrzeug sich autonom zu einer Ladestation fährt, um dort zumindest mittelbar die Niedervoltbatterie zu laden.The object is achieved in that, in a state in which the motor vehicle is parked, the state of charge of the low-voltage battery is monitored for at least a minimum parking period and when a limit value for a variable defined for the state of charge (voltage, remaining running time, etc.) is reached, the motor vehicle switches itself off drives autonomously to a charging station in order to charge the low-voltage battery there, at least indirectly.

Die Erfindung hat den Vorteil, dass auch bei besonders langer Parkdauer das Kraftfahrzeug betriebsfähig bleibt.The invention has the advantage that the motor vehicle remains operational even if it is parked for a particularly long time.

Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Niedervoltbatterie indirekt über die Hochvoltbatterie geladen (hierzu gibt es einen Gleichspannungs-Gleichspannungs-Wandler (DC/DC-Wandler). Somit benötigt man wie üblich lediglich eine Art von Ladestation, nämlich für die Hochvoltbatterie.According to one embodiment, the low-voltage battery is charged indirectly via the high-voltage battery (there is a DC-DC converter (DC/DC converter) for this purpose). Thus, as usual, only one type of charging station is required, namely for the high-voltage battery.

Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dockt das Kraftfahrzeug selbsttätig an der Ladestation an, es ist somit kein Personal vor Ort an der Ladestation notwendig. Naturgemäß sind komplementäre Stecksysteme am Kraftfahrzeug einerseits und der Ladestation andererseits hierzu vorzusehen. Auch andere Arten der Kopplung neben einer konduktiven sind möglich, insbesondere kann es eine induktive Kopplung geben. (Die Ladestation umfasst ggf. im Boden eingelassene oder in eine Wandung integrierte Induktionsschleifen oder Dgl.)In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the motor vehicle docks automatically at the charging station, which means that no personnel are required to be on site at the charging station. Naturally, complementary plug-in systems are to be provided on the motor vehicle on the one hand and on the charging station on the other hand. Other types of coupling besides a conductive one are also possible, in particular there can be an inductive coupling. (The charging station may include induction loops embedded in the floor or integrated into a wall or the like.)

Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel ermittelt das Kraftfahrzeug seinen eigenen Standort und fährt - insbesondere unter Zuhilfenahme eines vorhandenen Navigationssystems - die nächstgelegene Ladestation an.According to one exemplary embodiment, the motor vehicle determines its own location and drives to the nearest charging station—particularly with the aid of an existing navigation system.

Alternativ kann der Betreiber der Parkanlage (insbesondere ein dort installiertes Computersystem) dem Kraftfahrzeug eine Ladestation zuweisen. Das Kraftfahrzeug kommuniziert mit einer entsprechenden Einrichtung der Parkanlage und erhält so die Information über den Standort einer Ladestation.Alternatively, the operator of the parking facility (in particular a computer system installed there) can allocate a charging station to the motor vehicle. The motor vehicle communicates with a corresponding facility in the parking facility and thus receives information about the location of a charging station.

Weiter alternativ - etwa bei Gegebensein unterschiedlicher Umstände - kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Kraftfahrzeug eine Ladestation aus einer Gruppe favorisierter Ladestationen anfährt. Eine fernabgelegene Ladestation kann insbesondere dann angefahren werden, wenn der Ladezustand dies zulässt und auch die Zeitplanung des Besitzers des Fahrzeugs dies zulässt (was anhand von gekoppelten Kalendersystemen beim Besitzer, insbesondere dessen Smartphone, und im Kraftfahrzeug erfasst wird). Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel kehrt das Kraftfahrzeug nach dem Laden auf den zuvor eingenommenen Parkplatz zurück. Es ist dadurch für den Besitzer besonders leicht wieder auffindbar. Alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Kraftfahrzeug einen neuen Parkplatz sucht, der für den Besitzer des Kraftfahrzeugs möglichst gelegen ist, und auf diesen fährt. Es kann sich um einen solchen Parkplatz handeln, der zuvor belegt war, aber als einer von mehreren Stammparkplätzen oder gar als einziger Stammparkplatz beim Kraftfahrzeug registriert ist (etwa in einer Speichereinheit desselben oder auf einem zugehörigen Internetportal). Weiter alternativ fährt das Kraftfahrzeug einen Parkplatz an, der ihm durch den Parkraumbetreiber zugewiesen wird („Logistik“).As a further alternative—for example given different circumstances—it can be provided that the motor vehicle drives to a charging station from a group of favored charging stations. A remote charging station can be approached in particular if the state of charge allows it and the schedule of the owner of the vehicle also allows it (which is recorded using coupled calendar systems at the owner, in particular his smartphone, and in the vehicle). In one embodiment, after charging, the motor vehicle returns to the previously occupied parking space. This makes it particularly easy for the owner to find it again. Alternatively, it can be provided that the motor vehicle searches for a new parking space that is as close as possible to the owner of the motor vehicle and drives onto it. It can be a parking space that was previously occupied but is registered as one of several regular parking spaces or even as the only regular parking space in the motor vehicle (e.g. in a memory unit of the same or on an associated Internet portal). As a further alternative, the motor vehicle drives to a parking space that is assigned to it by the parking space operator (“logistics”).

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird insbesondere im Rahmen eines valet parking durchgeführt. Beim valet parking ruft der Besitzer vor Fahrtbeginn ohnehin ein autonom fahrendes Fahrzeug an einen bestimmten Platz, sodass es hier weniger erheblich ist, wo genau das Fahrzeug parkt. Dann kann es den Parkplatz zum Laden verlassen und später einen mehr oder weniger beliebigen anderen einnehmen.The method according to the invention is carried out in particular as part of valet parking. With valet parking, the owner calls an autonomous vehicle to a specific place before the start of the journey, so that it is less important where exactly the vehicle is parked. Then it can leave the parking lot for the store and later go into more or less any other parking space.

Zur Erfindung gehört auch ein elektrisch antreibbares Kraftfahrzeug mit Hochvoltbatterie und Niedervoltbatterie, das ausgelegt ist, autonom zu fahren. Es umfasst eine Einrichtung zum Überwachen des Ladezustands der Niedervoltbatterie und ist ausgelegt, ausgehend von einem geparkten Zustand bei Erreichen eines Grenzwerts für eine zu dem Ladezustand definierte Größe sich autonom zu einer Ladestation zu fahren, um dort die Niedervoltbatterie zu laden. Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gelten gleichermaßen für das erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug.The invention also includes an electrically drivable motor vehicle with a high-voltage battery and a low-voltage battery, which is designed to drive autonomously. It includes a device for monitoring the state of charge of the low-voltage battery and is designed to drive autonomously to a charging station, starting from a parked state when a limit value for a variable defined for the state of charge is reached, in order to charge the low-voltage battery there. The advantages of the method according to the invention apply equally to the motor vehicle according to the invention.

Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel weist das Kraftfahrzeug Mittel zum selbsttätigen Andocken an eine elektrische Ladestation auf (mittels Elektromotor verfahrbarer Stecker, Mini-Roboter, oder Dergleichen). Alternative Koppelmittel arbeiten induktiv (Ladeplatte unter dem Kraftfahrzeug).In one exemplary embodiment, the motor vehicle has means for automatic docking with an electric charging station (plug that can be moved by means of an electric motor, mini-robot, or the like). Alternative couplants work inductively (charging plate under the vehicle).

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung können sich aus der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung sowie anhand der Zeichnung ergeben. Die vorstehend in der Beschreibung genannten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sowie die nachfolgend in der Figurenbeschreibung und/oder in den Figuren alleine gezeigten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sind nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen.Further features of the invention can result from the following description of the figures and from the drawing. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description and the features and feature combinations shown below in the description of the figures and/or in the figures alone can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own, without going beyond the scope of the invention to leave.

Die Zeichnung zeigt in:

  • 1 schematisch eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeugs in einer typischen Situation bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens; und
  • 2 ein Flussschaubild zur Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
The drawing shows in:
  • 1 schematically an embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention in a typical situation when carrying out the method according to the invention; and
  • 2 a flow chart for representing the method according to the invention.

Gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente sind in den Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Elements that are the same or have the same function are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.

Ein in 1 im Ganzen mit 1 bezeichnetes Kraftfahrzeug steht auf einem Parkplatz 2. Es umfasst eine Hochvoltbatterie 12 und eine Niedervoltbatterie 14, die über einen DC/DC-Wandler 16 im Kraftfahrzeug gekoppelt sind, sowie eine Einrichtung 18 zum Andocken an eine Ladestation. Eine zentrale Steuereinheit 20 des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 ist mit Mitteln 22 zum drahtlosen Kommunizieren, insbesondere zum Erfassen von Informationen, die über WLAN, Bluetooth®, Mobilfunk oder Dgl. zur Verfügung gestellt werden, gekoppelt. Die Steuereinheit 20 erfasst den Ladezustand der Niedervoltbatterie 14 und errechnet daraus eine Größe. (Entweder wird unmittelbar eine Spannung abgeleitet oder eine Restlaufzeit oder dergleichen.) Bei Unterschreiten eines Grenzwerts für diese Größe (oder bei anderer Definition mit inversen Größen bei Überschreiten eines Grenzwerts) setzt sich das Kraftfahrzeug 1 selbsttätig von dem Parkplatz 2 aus zu einer Ladestation 30 in Bewegung. Dort dockt die Einrichtung 18 selbsttätig an einem Gegenstück 32 an der Ladestation 30 an. Hierbei wird an sich zunächst die Hochvoltbatterie 12 geladen, über den DC/DC-Wandler 16 allerdings wird sodann auch die Niedervoltbatterie 14 geladen. Ist der Ladevorgang abgeschlossen, kann das Kraftfahrzeug 1 im Prinzip zum ursprünglichen Parkplatz 2 zurückkehren. In 1 ist jedoch veranschaulicht, dass es einen neuen Parkplatz 3 anfährt, der sich in der Nähe des Aufenthaltsorts 4 des Besitzers des Fahrzeugs 1 befindet, der durch Kommunikation über die Mittel 22 mit einem Smartphone 34 des Besitzers ermittelbar ist. Der neue Parkplatz 3 kann alternativ als Stammparkplatz im Kraftfahrzeug 1 abgespeichert sein. Bei einem Valet Parking kommt es weniger auf die Parkplatzauswahl an.a in 1 Motor vehicle designated as a whole with 1 is in a parking lot 2. It comprises a high-voltage battery 12 and a low-voltage battery 14, which are coupled via a DC/DC converter 16 in the motor vehicle, and a device 18 for docking at a charging station. A central control unit 20 of motor vehicle 1 is coupled to means 22 for wireless communication, in particular for acquiring information that is made available via WLAN, Bluetooth®, mobile radio or the like. The control unit 20 detects the state of charge of the low-voltage battery 14 and uses this to calculate a value. (Either a voltage is derived immediately or a remaining running time or the like.) If a limit value for this variable is undershot (or if a limit value is exceeded if a different definition is used with inverse variables), the motor vehicle 1 automatically moves from the parking space 2 to a charging station 30 in Move. There, the device 18 automatically docks onto a counterpart 32 on the charging station 30 . In this case, the high-voltage battery 12 is charged first, but the low-voltage battery 14 is then also charged via the DC/DC converter 16 . When the charging process is complete, the motor vehicle 1 can in principle return to the original parking space 2 . In 1 however, it is illustrated that it is approaching a new parking space 3 that is in the vicinity of the whereabouts 4 of the owner of the vehicle 1, which can be determined by communication via the means 22 with a smartphone 34 of the owner. Alternatively, the new parking space 3 can be stored as a regular parking space in the motor vehicle 1 . With valet parking, the choice of parking space is less important.

Anstatt eine möglichst nahegelegene Ladestation 30 anzufahren, kann das Kraftfahrzeug 1 auch eine andere Ladestation 30' anfahren, die einer favorisierten Gruppe zugehörig ist (zum Beispiel von einem Stromanbieter, an den der Besitzer des Kraftfahrzeugs 1 vertraglich gebunden ist).Instead of driving to a charging station 30 that is as close as possible, the motor vehicle 1 can also drive to another charging station 30′ that belongs to a preferred group (for example from an electricity provider to which the owner of the motor vehicle 1 is contractually bound).

Das Verfahren beinhaltet, dass in Schritt S10 geprüft wird, ob der Ladezustand der Niedervoltbatterie 14 durch eine Zahl beschreibbar ist, die sich so ändert, dass sie jenseits eines Grenzwerts gelangt. Ist dies nicht der Fall, wird weiter geprüft. Ist dies der Fall, fährt das Kraftfahrzeug 1 in Schritt S12 autonom zu der Ladestation. Sodann fährt es in Schritt S14 zu dem Parkplatz zurück oder fährt einen anderen Parkplatz an. Dort steht es für die weitere Benutzung zur Verfügung. Das Verfahren kann mit dem Einparken einsetzen, aber auch erst nach einigen Tagen, wenn absehbar ist, dass es sich um ein Langzeitparken handeln könnte. Im Fahrzeug läuft hierzu ggf. eine Uhr. Stattdessen kann das Verfahren auch von einer externen Plattform aus drahtlos gesteuert werden (Internetplattform oder Dgl.).The method includes that in step S10 it is checked whether the state of charge of the low-voltage battery 14 can be described by a number that changes in such a way that it goes beyond a limit value. If this is not the case, further checks are carried out. If this is the case, the motor vehicle 1 drives autonomously to the charging station in step S12. Then, in step S14, it drives back to the parking space or drives to another parking space. There it is available for further use Disposal. The procedure can start with parking, but also only after a few days if it is foreseeable that it could be long-term parking. A clock may be running in the vehicle for this purpose. Instead, the method can also be controlled wirelessly from an external platform (internet platform or the like).

BezugszeichenlisteReference List

11
Kraftfahrzeugmotor vehicle
22
Parkplatzparking spot
33
Parkplatzparking spot
44
Aufenthaltsort des Besitzers des KraftfahrzeugsWhereabouts of the owner of the motor vehicle
1212
Hochvoltbatteriehigh-voltage battery
1414
Niedervoltbatterielow voltage battery
1616
DC/DC-WandlerDC/DC converter
1818
Einrichtung zum AndockenDevice for docking
2020
Steuereinheitcontrol unit
2222
Mittel zur drahtlosen KommunikationMeans of wireless communication
3030
Ladestationcharging station
30`30`
Ladestationcharging station
3232
Gegenstück zur Einrichtung 18 zum AndockenCounterpart to device 18 for docking
3434
Smartphonesmartphone
S10-S14S10-S14
Verfahrensschritteprocess steps

Claims (10)

Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrisch antreibbaren Kraftfahrzeugs (1), das eine Hochvoltbatterie (12) und eine Niedervoltbatterie (14) aufweist und ausgelegt ist, autonom zu fahren, wobei in einem Zustand, in dem das Kraftfahrzeug (1) geparkt ist, zumindest ab einer Mindestparkdauer der Ladezustand der Niedervoltbatterie (14) überwacht wird und bei Erreichen eines Grenzwerts für eine zu dem Ladezustand definierte Größe das Kraftfahrzeug (1) sich autonom zu einer Ladestation (30) fährt, um dort zumindest mittelbar für eine Ladung der Niedervoltbatterie (14) zu sorgen.Method for operating an electrically drivable motor vehicle (1), which has a high-voltage battery (12) and a low-voltage battery (14) and is designed to drive autonomously, in a state in which the motor vehicle (1) is parked, at least from a minimum parking time, the state of charge of the low-voltage battery (14) is monitored and when a limit value for a variable defined for the state of charge is reached, the motor vehicle (1) drives autonomously to a charging station (30) in order to charge the low-voltage battery (14) there at least indirectly ensure, to care. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Niedervoltbatterie (14) indirekt über die Hochvoltbatterie (12) geladen wird.procedure after claim 1 , in which the low-voltage battery (14) is charged indirectly via the high-voltage battery (12). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem sich das Kraftfahrzeug (1) selbsttätig an die Ladestation ankoppelt.procedure after claim 1 or 2 , in which the motor vehicle (1) automatically couples to the charging station. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem das Kraftfahrzeug seinen eigenen Standort ermittelt und die nächstgelegene Ladestation (30) anfährt.Procedure according to one of Claims 1 until 3 , In which the motor vehicle determines its own location and drives to the nearest charging station (30). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem das Kraftfahrzeug eine Ladestation (30') aus einer Gruppe favorisierter Ladestationen anfährt.Procedure according to one of Claims 1 until 3 , in which the motor vehicle drives to a charging station (30') from a group of favorite charging stations. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem das Kraftfahrzeug nach dem Laden auf den zuvor eingenommenen Parkplatz (2) zurückkehrt.Procedure according to one of Claims 1 until 5 , in which, after loading, the motor vehicle returns to the previously occupied parking space (2). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem das Kraftfahrzeug nach dem Laden auf einen Parkplatz (3) fährt, der für den Besitzer des Kraftfahrzeugs möglichst günstig gelegen ist oder extern, insbesondere durch ein System eines Parkraumbetreibers, vorgegeben wird.Procedure according to one of Claims 1 until 5 , in which the motor vehicle drives into a parking space (3) after charging, which is located as conveniently as possible for the owner of the motor vehicle or is specified externally, in particular by a system of a parking space operator. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, das im Rahmen eines Valet Parking (Valet-Parkens) durchgeführt wird.Procedure according to one of Claims 1 until 7 , which is carried out as part of a valet parking (valet parking). Elektrisch antreibbares Kraftfahrzeug (1), das eine Hochvoltbatterie (12) und eine Niedervoltbatterie (14) aufweist und ausgelegt ist, autonom zu fahren, mit einer Einrichtung (20) zum Überwachen des Ladezustands der Niedervoltbatterie, wobei das Kraftfahrzeug (1) ausgelegt ist, ausgehend von einem geparkten Zustand bei Erreichen eines Grenzwerts für eine zu dem Ladezustand definierte Größe sich autonom zu einer Ladestation (30) zu fahren, um dort die Niedervoltbatterie (14) zu laden.Electrically drivable motor vehicle (1), which has a high-voltage battery (12) and a low-voltage battery (14) and is designed to drive autonomously, with a device (20) for monitoring the state of charge of the low-voltage battery, the motor vehicle (1) being designed starting from a parked state, upon reaching a limit value for a variable defined for the state of charge, to drive autonomously to a charging station (30) in order to charge the low-voltage battery (14) there. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 9, das Mittel (18) zum Koppeln, insbesondere zum selbsttätigen mechanischen Andocken oder zum induktiven Ankoppeln an eine elektrische Ladestation (30) aufweist.motor vehicle after claim 9 Having means (18) for coupling, in particular for automatic mechanical docking or for inductive coupling to an electrical charging station (30).
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