CN1848787A - Automatic fast dispositioning method for aggregated server system node - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for disposing nodes of cluster server system automatically and quickly includes obtaining image, defining object node, erecting operation system of object node, erecting and configuring application service of object node and configuring operation system identification of object node for realizing automation of erection course for cluster server system node.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of computer technology, relate to a kind of automated quick deployment method that is used for aggregated server system node, the method for Unix and Linux type operating system and application software particularly is installed on the cluster server node.The present invention also can be suitable for computer manufacturer and computer sale company uses before product export or in the pre-customized process of the batch system of before sales.
Background technology
The High-Performance Computing Cluster computing system is used very extensive at present, and the scale of cluster is also in continuous expansion, and at the structure and the run duration of cluster, the artificial repetition installation and upgrade of operating system and application software package can become a difficult task on the clustered node.
In the prior art before the present invention, the general operating system and the application software of disposing clustered node with manual or ghost (Symantec company exploitation copying software) hard disk imprinting or NFS shared network installation method.The manual installation method mainly uses CD to install, and every node is installed can be expended a large amount of time and manpower, and the layoutprocedure of node is very loaded down with trivial details, is easy to make mistakes.What use always in the engineering practice that makes up group system is that ghost hard disk imprinting method and NFS shared network are installed method: ghost hard disk imprinting method need be dismantled the hard disk that is mounted node, and requires target disk identical with the source disk size; The method that the NFS shared network is installed need be a node configuration in the network nfs server, the file copy in the operating system installation dish to this node, make then to be mounted node, download associated documents and finish installation from the nfs server node by network interface card or floppy disk startup.
More existing deployment softwares such as OSCAR (Open Source Cluster ApplicationResource, cover cluster application software kit by Open Cluster Group exploitation) and SystemImager ranges of application such as (system image devices) less, function ratio is more single, manipulates inconvenience.
Summary of the invention
At the above-mentioned state of the art, the present invention seeks to provide a kind of new automated quick deployment method that is applicable to aggregated server system node, this method can be simplified the installment work of aggregated server system, realizes the automation of installation process.
The technical solution that realizes the foregoing invention method is: a kind of automated quick deployment method of aggregated server system node, it is characterized in that, this method adopts client/server architecture, disposes the destination node of deployment server node, switch, one or more image server node, source node and software systems to be installed in this architecture;
All connect by Ethernet between destination node, deployment server node and the image server node, adopt star-like network topology model, all destination nodes will directly be communicated with the deployment server node by switch or hub; Wherein, the deployment server node is used to provide DHCP service, simple file transfer protocol service, deployment services and configuration service as the server end in the architecture;
When destination node is disposed, at first, destination node is started from network interface card, download the deployment agency by DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) agreement and TFTP (Trivial File TransferProtocol) agreement from the deployment server node, the agency is disposed in operation in internal memory, dispose the agency by with the deployment server node communication after, finish operating system installation to this destination node; Then, deployment server node control destination node starts from local hard drive, and the operating system that operation was disposed is just now finished the installation of application service reflection and the configuration of operation system information by Configuration Agent; After configuration, this destination node is exactly a clustered node that can use immediately.
The image server node adopts operation system image to separate deployment with the application service reflection based on the mounting means of disk image, wherein:
Operation system image is an image file that comprises the operating system that need install on destination node, by disposing the agency obtains source node by the disk image mode operating system copy generation;
The application service reflection is the image file of the application service software that need install on destination node, uploads and defines relevant XML description document by the keeper and generate; Two kinds of image files all are stored on the image server node, and the keeper is before destination node is installed, and according to the concrete application target dynamic combined reflection of destination node, destination node is by the image file on the NFS file system access image server node.
When deployment server node during, adopt reliable multicast or unicast networks transmission mode to destination node deployment operation system image; Use NFS NFS, Pre-Boot eXecution Environment PXE (PrebootExecution Environment) agreement, dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP, simple file transfer protocol TFTP, WOL WOL (Wakeup On LAN) to realize the rapid automatized deployment of group system.
The advantage of the inventive method is:
A., the single control point function is provided.Administrator just specifies will be connected on the deployment server node by terminal, and all control operations are all finished by the deployment server node.Destination node only need be set to network interface card by BIOS and start before deployment, its deployment is full automatic; Destination node does not need ancillary equipment such as keyboard, mouse, display, CD-ROM drive, floppy drive.
What B. the polymorphic type operation system image was provided obtains and disposes function.Based on the mounting means of disk image, obtain at reflection and to have bound the disk operating instrument among the agency, no matter on the reflection source node which kind of type operation system is installed, all can obtain its operation system image.
C. the deployment thought that adopts operation system image to separate with the application service reflection, the keeper can be according to the concrete application target dynamic combined reflection of destination node in complex target node installation process.Improve the adaptability of clustered deploy(ment) system greatly, be applicable to the deployment of polymorphic type service node in the cluster.Simultaneously, image file occupation space on the image server node is significantly descended.
D. in the transmission course of operation system image, adopt reliable multicast and two kinds of Network Transmission patterns of clean culture.Use reliable multicast model transmission operation system image, the time is short, the efficient height, but require destination node to be disposed should define the identical operations system image; Use unicast mode transmission operation system image, can different operation system images is installed for simultaneously many destination nodes, but deployment is consuming time longer.Corresponding relation between operation system image and the node is determined according to the application arrangement of destination node by the keeper.
E. the configuration automation of the installation of complex target node application service software, configuration and operating system identification information, destination node does not need manual intervention fully.
Description of drawings
The structural representation that Fig. 1 adopts for the inventive method.Wherein, " DHCP SERVER " representative " Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server ", " TFTP SERVER " representative " tftp server ", " Deploy SERVER " representative " deployment server ", " Config SERVER " representative " configuration server ".A node provides DHCP service, TFTP service, deployment services and configuration service as the deployment server node among the figure, and destination node links to each other with the deployment server node by switch, downloads reflection and finishes installation from the image server node.
Fig. 2 carries out the key step schematic diagram that clustered node is disposed for using the inventive method.Arrow has been described the key step flow process of using this method to carry out clustered deploy(ment) in proper order.
The detailed process schematic diagram of Fig. 3 for using the inventive method to start by destination node of PXE guiding.Mainly described a destination node and started from network interface card, then the process of disposing the agency in the internal memory operation by the PXE agreement.Wherein the definite implication of " bootstrap " is a boot.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the inventive method adopts.Wherein, " DHCP SERVER " representative " Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server ", " TFTP SERVER " representative " tftp server ", " DeploySERVER " representative " deployment server ", " Config SERVER " representative " configuration server ".A node provides DHCP service, TFTP service, deployment services and configuration service as the deployment server node among the figure, and destination node links to each other with the deployment server node by switch, downloads reflection and finishes installation from the image server node.
The present invention adopts client/server architecture, mounting means based on disk image, the deployment principle that adopts operation system image to separate with the application service reflection, adopt reliable multicast and unicast networks transmission mode, use NFS NFS, Pre-Boot eXecution Environment PXE agreement, dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP, simple file transfer protocol TFTP, WOL WOL to wait the rapid automatized deployment that realizes aggregated server system.
Need to dispose a node in the architecture of this method as the deployment server node, also need simultaneously to dispose one or more node, perhaps image server node and deployment server node are share a node as the image server node.
The deployment server node is disposed service software bag as the server end of disposing in the architecture by installing thereon, obtains, videos transmission, node configuration, DHCP and TFTP service to provide to video; Installation and configuration that responsible reflection obtained, videoed needed various application service softwares after management, destination node operating system installation and the installation.Destination node is the client of disposing in the architecture, start the back by obtaining to dispose the agency from network interface card with the deployment server node communication, the deployment agency preestablishes according to the keeper's, adopts the transmission mode of reliable multicast or clean culture that operation system image is deployed on the local hard drive of destination node.Disposing the agency is a service software bag that comprises embedded OS, moves in the complex target node memory.Dispose and comprise the automatic locator(-ter) of target hardware, the instrument of disposing implementation procedure and hard disk being operated among the agency; The automatic locator(-ter) of target hardware is responsible for obtaining automatically hardware component (integrated circuit board and chipset etc.) information and is loaded suitable driver according to relevant information, to guarantee can to move this operating system on different hardware platforms.The deployment implementation procedure preestablishes according to the keeper's, adopts the transmission mode of reliable multicast or clean culture that operation system image is downloaded and is installed on the local hard drive of destination node.The instrument that hard disk is operated mainly comprises instruments such as diskcopy, disk partition.
The start-up course of destination node is observed the Pre-Boot eXecution Environment agreement PXE of Intel Company; According to the PXE agreement, need to provide dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP service, simple file transfer protocol TFTP service on the deployment server node.
Fig. 3 has mainly described a destination node and has started from network interface card by the PXE agreement, then the process of disposing the agency in the internal memory operation.Wherein the definite implication of " bootstrap " is a boot.
This method is in concrete enforcement, deployment server node and destination node can be selected common business computer for use, but the deployment server node must have input-output equipment such as keyboard, mouse, CD-ROM drive, floppy drive and monitor, and destination node does not then need these input-output equipment.The network interface card of destination node must be able to support PXE to start, and just can realize whole automations of destination node installation process.General business computer can both support PXE to start function at present.
All connect by Ethernet between destination node, deployment server node and the image server node, adopt star-like network topology model, all destination nodes will directly be communicated with the deployment server node by switch or hub.The Ethernet switch of selecting for use will be supported multicast functionality, otherwise can only select unicast transmission mode for use.
In the method, disposing the agency is a service software bag that comprises embedded OS, moves in target node memory.Dispose and comprise the automatic locator(-ter) of target hardware, the instrument of disposing implementation procedure and hard disk being operated among the agency.Simultaneously, dispose the agency and must support multicast and unicast transmission mode.When the specific implementation deployment is acted on behalf of, can obtain disposing the agency by the customization (SuSE) Linux OS.
Fig. 2 carries out the key step schematic diagram that clustered node is disposed for using the inventive method.Arrow has been described the key step flow process of carrying out clustered deploy(ment) according to this method in proper order.Concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: obtain operation system image and application service reflection
1) obtains operation system image
The process of obtaining operation system image is similar to the course of work of taking pictures, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) the manual every template node that installs as the source node of reflection, needs the Configuration Agent (be used for destination node operation system image dispose finish the back dispose this node) of installing operating system and destination node at least on the source node.
(2) guarantee that source node is after the network interface card startup, the deployment server node is downloaded a reflection by PXE Controlling Source node and is obtained the agency, it is a service software bag that comprises embedded OS that this reflection obtains the agency, comprising the instrument that hard disk is operated.After source node obtains the agency from the internal storage starting reflection, utilizing reflection to obtain disk tools on the agency catches disk image and is stored on the image server node as mapping document of operation system, owing to can be cloned on the destination node fully, be the situation of isomorphism so this mode is fit to the hardware device of destination node and source node from the operation system image that source node obtains.
2) obtain the application service reflection
When obtaining the application service reflection, need upload to the installation kit of application service software (rpm, tar or gzip form) in the assigned catalogue of image server node, create corresponding application service description document simultaneously and promptly can be used as the application service image file.
Step 2: objective definition node
The MAC Address of Network Card of destination node and operation system image and the binding of application service reflection, determine the corresponding relation of each reflection and destination node.Simultaneously, identification informations such as objective definition IP addresses of nodes, host name.After identification informations such as the IP address here, host name are meant that the destination node deployment is finished, the IP address and the host name of each destination node of administrative staff's expectation.One of them image file (operation system image or application service reflection) can corresponding many destination nodes; A destination node can only be bound a mapping document of operation system, but can bind a plurality of application service image files.
Step 3: installation targets node operating system
During the installation targets node, at first need to be ready to operation system image and application service reflection on the image server node, need to start the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server, tftp server, deployment server, configuration server of deployment server node etc. then.Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server provides the IP address of dynamic assignment for destination node, and specifies the position of tftp server, and the notification target node removes to download the startup boot files to the tftp server appointed positions.
Tftp server is downloaded the deployment Agent for destination node service is provided, and has stored the startup boot files in the root of tftp server, has started configuration file, linux kernel and root file system etc.Destination node is downloaded these files in this machine internal memory and load and execution.Destination node starts the deployment agency from internal memory after, the deployment server of deployment implementation procedure on the deployment server node of disposing among the agency sends the operation system image request of disposing, deployment server is disposed the request of implementation procedure according to operation system image and the response of reflection transmission mode type that the keeper sets, if adopt the reliable multicast transmission mode, deployment server starts reliable multicast with regard to the notification target node and receives program; If employing unicast transmission mode, deployment server just provide the memory location of operation system image, dispose the response of agency according to deployment server, adopt corresponding transmission mode that operation system image is deployed on the hard disk of destination node.
Step 4: installation targets node application service
After destination node complete operation system installs, the deployment server node starts from local hard drive by PXE controlled target node, the Configuration Agent that contains in the operation system image of disposing is together with the deployment server node communication, obtain the configuration information that the keeper defines for this destination node, according to the configuration information that obtains, download the application corresponding service software and install and dispose from the image server node.
Step 5: configuration target node operating system information
Group system is the system of a loose coupling, and node is relatively independent in the cluster, externally provides service for node in the cluster can be cooperated mutually, just must the identification information of node be configured.After installing, having disposed the application service software of destination node, Configuration Agent can operate on it the configuration of system information according to the definition of keeper to this destination node, comprises the configuration of identification informations such as host name, IP address.
After configuration, destination node has been exactly a clustered node that can use immediately.
Step 6: test: after the destination node of software systems to be installed installs in the group system, the operation test program, whether correct with the installation configuration of Test Operating System and application service.
Claims (8)
1. the automated quick deployment method of an aggregated server system node, it is characterized in that, this method adopts client/server architecture, disposes the destination node of deployment server node, switch, one or more image server node, source node and software systems to be installed in this architecture;
All connect by Ethernet between destination node, deployment server node and the image server node, adopt star-like network topology model, all destination nodes will directly be communicated with the deployment server node by switch or hub; Wherein, the deployment server node is used to provide DHCP service, simple file transfer protocol service, deployment services and configuration service as the server end in the architecture;
When destination node is disposed, at first, destination node is started from network interface card, download the deployment agency by DHCP agreement and TFTP agreement from the deployment server node, the agency is disposed in operation in internal memory, dispose the agency by with the deployment server node communication after, finish operating system installation to this destination node; Then, deployment server node control destination node starts from local hard drive, and the operating system that operation was disposed is just now finished the installation of application service reflection and the configuration of operation system information by Configuration Agent; After configuration, this destination node is exactly a clustered node that can use immediately.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the image server node adopts operation system image to separate deployment with the application service reflection based on the mounting means of disk image, wherein:
Operation system image is an image file that comprises the operating system that need install on destination node, by disposing the agency obtains source node by the disk image mode operating system copy generation;
The application service reflection is the image file of the application service software that need install on destination node, uploads and defines relevant XML description document by the keeper and generate; Two kinds of image files all are stored on the image server node, and the keeper is before destination node is installed, and according to the concrete application target dynamic combined reflection of destination node, destination node is by the image file on the NFS file system access image server node.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, when deployment server node during to destination node deployment operation system image, adopts reliable multicast or unicast networks transmission mode; Use NFS NFS, Pre-Boot eXecution Environment PXE agreement, dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP, simple file transfer protocol TFTP, WOL WOL to realize the rapid automatized deployment of group system.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that described employing reliable multicast transmission mode is once disposed the destination node of one group of same operation system image, this pattern is applicable to that more the clustered node number is many, and the deployment of the less group system of OS Type to be installed.
5. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that described employing unicast transmission mode can be disposed many destination nodes with different operating system images simultaneously, be applicable to that more the clustered node number is few, and the deployment of the more group system of node OS Type to be installed.
6. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, before destination node down load application service reflection, the image server node at first adopts the NFS file system that the application service reflection is shared in the network, download the application service reflection that needs by destination node by the communication pattern of clean culture then, finish the installation and the configuration of application service software.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described image server node and deployment server node can share a computer node.
8. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described deployment agency is a service software that comprises embedded OS that moves in target node memory, and this software comprises the automatic locator(-ter) of destination node hardware, the instrument of disposing implementation procedure and hard disk being operated;
The automatic locator(-ter) of destination node hardware is responsible for obtaining automatically hardware component information and is loaded suitable driver according to relevant information, guarantees can move this operating system on different destination node hardware platforms;
The deployment implementation procedure preestablishes according to the keeper's, adopts the transmission mode of reliable multicast or clean culture that operation system image is downloaded and is installed on the local hard drive of destination node;
The instrument that hard disk is operated mainly comprises diskcopy, disk partition instrument.
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2006
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