CN1731738A - Automated quick deployment method for large-scale computer cluster node - Google Patents
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Abstract
This invention relates to method for automatically and rapidly allocating the system nodes of large-scale computer colony, which adopts image-based installing ways, customer machine/ server structure, Pre-conducting executing surroundings PXE protocol, dynamic host configuring protocol DHCP, simple files-transferring protocol TFTP and wakeup on lan to realize the automatic and rapid allocation in large-scale colony system. This method comprises the five steps: attaining image, bonding the image with the aim nodes, installing the aim nodes, allocating the aim nodes, testing and so on, which actualizes the completely automation in the course of installing nodes in colony system. Compared with traditional way, the invention largely simplifies the installing course and improves work efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of the computer network, relate to a kind of automated quick deployment method that is used for large-scale computer cluster node, the method for disposing operating system and application software particularly is installed on clustered node.
Background technology
The High-Performance Computing Cluster computing system is used very extensive at present, and the scale of cluster is also in continuous expansion, and at the structure and the run duration of cluster, the artificial repetition installation and upgrade of operating system and application software package can become a difficult task on the cluster great deal of nodes.
In the prior art before the present invention, generally come deployment operation system and application software with manual or ghost (the copying software of Symantec company exploitation) hard disk imprinting or NFS (net file system, NFS) shared network installation method.Manual methods is installed each node and can be expended a large amount of time and manpower in the CD mode, and the layoutprocedure of node is very loaded down with trivial details, is easy to make mistakes.Method commonly used in the engineering practice that makes up cluster is the method for ghost hard disk imprinting, and this method need be dismantled the hard disk that is mounted node, and requires target disk identical with the source disk size; Or the NFS shared network installs method, promptly a node in the network as nfs server, the file copy in the operating system installation dish to this node, is mounted node and starts by network interface card or floppy disk, file in download is finished installation from the server.
More existing deployment softwares such as Oscar (Open Source Cluster Application Resource, the cluster application of increasing income software resource, cover cluster application software kit by Open Cluster Group exploitation) and Systemimager (system image device) etc. all at specified cluster, range of application is less, function ratio is more single, manipulates inconvenience.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned prior art situation, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new automation dispositions method that is used on the large-scale computer cluster node, to simplify the cluster installment work, raise the efficiency, realize the full automation of installation process.
The technical solution that realizes above-mentioned purpose is: the inventive method is based on client/server architecture; Node software is installed the mode that adopts based on reflection; Reflection is a complete system, contains operating system and the application software package that need install on destination node; All reflections all are stored on the server; Be provided with a management node as server in the required hardware structure of this method, destination node is connected with management node by general Ethernet switch, need network interface card and the mainboard of supporting Pre-Boot eXecution Environment (Preboot Execution Environment) and WOL (Wakeup OnLAN) on the destination node, destination node is connected with management node by general Ethernet switch as the client computer in this structure;
Management node comprises the service end of Pre-Boot eXecution Environment (Preboot eXecutionEnvironment) agreement and the server end of the remote copy instrument of the transmission that is used to video as the server in the architecture; Management node is responsible for creating reflection, storage destination node information, WOL destination node and is provided deployment needed service.Client in target node memory in the operation architecture structure as disposing the agency, is responsible for downloading reflection and being installed on the local hard disk from management node.The operation of disposing the agency is independent of the destination node hard disk, disposes the client of acting on behalf of the remote copy instrument that comprising is used to video transmits; The start-up course of destination node is observed the Pre-Boot eXecution Environment PXE agreement of Intel; According to the PXE agreement, provide dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP service, simple file transfer protocol TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) service on the management node.For the transmission of videoing, also need to move the server end of remote copy instrument on the management node.
The specific implementation step of this method is:
Step 1: obtain reflection:
Can obtain reflection by dual mode:
A kind of is to create reflection by installation kit, promptly the installation kit of operating system in the fixing disc and application software is copied in the catalogue of management node, directly creates virtual mapping with installation kit on management node;
Another kind is to catch reflection from a source node, and promptly at first manual what a node of installation as the source node of reflection, has been installed operating system and the various application software that need on the node of source, catch the reflection and the storage of source node then from management node.This mode is fit to destination node and source node is the situation of isomorphism
Step 2: binding reflection and destination node:
The network identification information of destination node and reflection binding, determine the corresponding relation of reflection and destination node.One of them reflection can corresponding a plurality of destination nodes, but a destination node can only corresponding unique reflection.
Step 3: installation targets node:
When disposing, at first on management node, start DHCP (DHCP) service, for destination node provides network identification information; Start TFTP (simple file transfer protocol) service, download the deployment Agent for destination node service is provided; Be enabled between management node and the destination node remote copy instrument that transmits reflection server end;
Management node starts destination node by WOL technology (Wakeup On LAN); Destination node obtains network identity according to dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP from management node earlier after starting by network interface card, downloads to dispose according to simple file transfer protocol TFTP then and acts on behalf of and move in this machine internal memory; After disposing agency's startup, at first this machine hard disk is carried out subregion, use the remote copy instrument to download this machine hard disk of videoing from management node then, finish installation in this locality, after the installation, node is restarted (see figure 3) automatically;
Step 4: configuration destination node:
Destination node installs when starting first, and the operation configurator is configured the operating system and the application software of destination node; After configuration, destination node promptly becomes a clustered node that can use immediately;
Step 5: test:
The all nodes of cluster install, the operation test program, and whether the installation configuration of Test Operating System and application software is correct.
The advantage of the inventive method is:
A. provide single control point to the user, the user only need be connected on the management node by terminal, and all control operations are all finished on management node.Destination node only need be set to start by network interface card in BIOS, and its software installation process is full automatic; Destination node does not need ancillary equipment such as keyboard, mouse, display, CD-ROM drive, floppy drive.
B. a plurality of nodes and different reflections can be installed simultaneously.By the binding between reflection and the node, determined the corresponding relation between reflection and the node, a plurality of nodes can be installed simultaneously, can not disturb each other.
C. cluster node operating system and application software package are installed the configuration full automation, and destination node does not need manual intervention fully.Can node be installed in batches with this method, be suitable for installing large-scale cluster system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the hardware structure schematic diagram that the inventive method adopts.
Fig. 2: the key step flow chart that carries out clustered deploy(ment) according to this method.
Fig. 3: the detailed process schematic diagram that a destination node is installed with the inventive method.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the hardware structure that this method adopted, and " switch " represents general Ethernet switch, " DHCP " representative " DHCP ", " TFTP " representative " simple file transfer protocol ".A management node is wherein arranged as server, DHCP service, TFTP service and reflection transmission service are provided, destination node links to each other with management node by switch, downloads reflection from management node and finishes installation.
The key step flow chart that Fig. 2 carries out clustered deploy(ment) according to this method, the key step that expression is carried out clustered deploy(ment) with this method.
The definite implication of " bootstrap " is a boot among Fig. 3.The detailed installation process of having represented a destination node, the course of work of PXE agreement just, image server among the figure and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server are all on management node.
This method is in concrete enforcement, management node and destination node can be selected common business computer for use, management node requires that input-output equipment such as keyboard, mouse, CD-ROM drive, floppy drive and monitor must be arranged, and destination node does not then need these input-output equipment.Management node requires to have bigger hard disk (greater than 80G) to be used for memory map.Require the network interface card of destination node can support PXE and Wakeup On LAN, only in this way could realize whole automations of destination node installation process from the startup of server destination node.General business computer hardware can both be supported this two functions at present.
Connect by Ethernet between destination node and the management node, because image file is bigger usually, so the network bandwidth is very big to the effectiveness affects of this method, the bandwidth that requires Ethernet is to be 100Mbps at least, and network medium can be twisted-pair feeder and optical fiber.Connected mode can be passed through 100M or 1000M universal exchange.Adopt star-like or point-to-point network model, all destination nodes can directly be communicated with management node.
Between management node and destination node, transmit in the reflection, need to select a suitable remote copy instrument, these Replication Tools can be selected according to actual conditions, and are relevant with the operating system of reflection, and these Replication Tools need and can read and write control to the file system of reflection.For example, in (SuSE) Linux OS, can select the instrument of the software rsync of remote synchronization for use as remote copy.
In the method, disposing the agency is the micro operation system of a perfect in shape and function, the instrument of disposing the client that comprises the remote copy instrument among the agency, necessary hard disk and NIC driver, hard disk being operated.In concrete enforcement, can obtain by customization Linux.Disposing the agency need move in the internal memory of destination node, and can discern the hard disk of this machine and by network and server communication, so need compile new linux kernel according to the different hardware of destination node, add the driver of hardware.Make the root file system reflection RAMDISK file corresponding, add the client, driver module (for example SCSI driver module) of the instrument that hard disk is operated, the remote copy instrument (for example rsync) of necessity etc. therein with new kernel.
Concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: obtain reflection
The mode that obtains reflection has two kinds, and a kind of is to create reflection on management node, and another kind is to catch reflection from certain source node, introduces the concrete steps of this dual mode below respectively.
Create reflection and just be to use some resources to generate reflection on management node, these resources comprise operating system nucleus, application software package, disk partition file etc., also need to that is to say and write the script that needs some configurations according to reflection being done some configurations.Then these resources are installed reorganization and integration according to certain rule, form a relatively independent system, this system is exactly a reflection.
As follows as the step 1 of establishment reflection:
1) knocks in the reflection stake
Stake is the basis of this reflection, and this structure that need create a directory loads some indispensable file system of current system then.To some degree, create reflection and be the duplicating of management node operating system, but just duplicated the file seldom of management node operating system itself, make later establishment that " stake " arranged.
2) installation system bag
After creating " stake ", just can just root be changed in the stake based on " stake ", the bag of installation system needs becomes one and original file system and has nothing to do, relatively independent file system, and this has just had the prototype of image file system.
3) configuration image
Though there was reflection in second step, but this reflection can't use, also need this reflection is carried out some configurations, as disk partition etc., such reflection could use.Certainly, this configuration can be changed, and provides greater flexibility based on the reflection of file mode.
The process of catching reflection is similar to the working method of taking pictures, source node of at first manual installation, installing operating system and necessary application software package on source node, a distortionless reflection that obtains the source node on the management node then, in fact acquisition process is exactly a process of duplicating, and can use remote copy instruments such as rsync to finish.The step of catching reflection is as follows:
1) system is remained static and be convenient to obtain effective snapshot
An operating system of moving need be safeguarded its operating state, data of in store operating state all in internal memory and in the hard disk.Disk snapshot can not be cloned the state of hard-disk system fully.Therefore, the source node system is videoed when catching, operating system must be made suitable adjustment be convenient to the to video smooth implementation of capture-process.For example, need to delete some identifying informations sometimes, as journal file, host name, IP address etc. temporarily.Could make that like this reflection that obtains is a neutral relatively file, conveniently is transplanted in other nodes.
2) catch a distortionless reflection
At first want the detection resources node whether can catch reflection, start reflection then and catch the agency, read the file in the source node disk, they are stored in the hard disk of management node.
3) configuration image
The reflection that obtains is carried out necessary configuration, and image mode is different with creating, and also the disk partition information reproduction of source node has been come when catching reflection, does not therefore need to dispose disk partition.The configuration here mainly is the configuration to application software and operating system in the reflection.
Step 2: binding reflection and destination node
The network informations such as the IP address of destination node, host name, MAC Address and reflection binding, determine the corresponding relation of reflection and destination node.Need set up a toy data base and come the corresponding relation of memory node and reflection.Wherein, reflection is the relation of one-to-many with node, and promptly reflection can be for a plurality of nodes, and a node can only corresponding definite reflection.
Step 3: installation targets node
When disposing, the service that needs to start comprises DHCP service, TFTP service, rsync service etc.Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server provides IP the address for destination node, the network informations such as host name, and the position of appointment tftp server, and the notification target node removes to download the startup boot files to appointed positions.
Tftp server is downloaded the deployment Agent for destination node service is provided, and has stored the startup boot files in the root of tftp server, has started configuration file, linux kernel and root file system etc.Destination node is downloaded these files load and execution in this machine internal memory.
All reflections are in charge of in the rsync service, provide service for transmitting reflection between management node and destination node.Rsync moves in the mode of finger daemon on management node.After destination node starts, find the reflection of this machine correspondence from server, from management node, reflection is copied to this machine hard disk by rsync then according to network identification informations such as host name itself.
At first need to generate the configuration file of DHCP service in this step, configuration file is to generate according to the network informations such as destination node IP address, host name and MAC Address of storing in the management node database.On management node, start DHCP service, TFTP service and rsync service then.
Destination node needs and power connection, and is set to start by network interface card in BIOS.On management node, start after the respective services, send the broadcast packet that comprises the destination node MAC Address, start destination node by WOL (Wakeup OnLAN) technology from management node.
Destination node starts by network interface card after receiving the broadcast packet corresponding with this machine MAC Address, at first from MAC Address acquisition with this machine corresponding network identification information of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server according to this machine, downloading network interface card from tftp server then starts boot and disposes the agency, disposing the agency loads after the startup in this machine internal memory, at first detect the also hard disk of carry this locality, according to the disk partition configuration file local hard drive is carried out subregion then.Subregion use after finishing remote copy instrument such as rsync from server download the reflection corresponding with this machine also complete copy to local hard drive, after the installation, node is restarted automatically.
Step 4: configuration destination node
Destination node installs when starting first, and the operation configurator is configured the operating system and the application software of destination node.Because group system be a loose coupling and multimachine system, node is relatively independent in the cluster, each node all has independently operating system and application software.Provide server to external world for node in the cluster can be write mutually, just must be configured node.
In (SuSE) Linux OS, layoutprocedure is carried out a series of script exactly, and each application software all has corresponding configuration script, and these scripts just write reflection and suffered in acquisition this step of reflection.Because the collocation method of every kind of application software is all different, so will write out configuration script and deposit in the reflection according to concrete application software.When node starts first, call these scripts, finish using the configuration of software.For Windows operating system, the configuration of software need be called some configuration tools, realizes with batch fashion.
After configuration, destination node has been exactly a clustered node that can use immediately.
Step 5: test: all nodes of cluster install, the operation test program, and whether the installation configuration of Test Operating System and application software is correct.Test program is to write in the reflection when reflection is configured, be to using the test of software's basic function, for example the parallel computation software MPICH. under the linux system is after the configuration of finishing software, can move a small routine of writing with MPI, whether the check operation result is correct.
This test is closely-related with application, need come the design test program according to different application programs.Because reflection can dispose, test program can write in the reflection in advance.
Be based on client/server (Client/Server) structure because this method adopts, reflection all is stored on the management node, and what all destination nodes were parallel downloads reflection from management node.So under the prerequisite of reliable transmission hypothesis and fair shared bandwidth, can calculate the needed time of clustered deploy(ment) according to the network bandwidth.Can draw the following calculating formula of deployment time according to the clustered deploy(ment) process:
The deployment time=transmission reflection time+transmission reflection time
=transmission reflection time+node number * image size/network bandwidth
With letter representation be: T=C+n * S * 8/W (formula 1)
Wherein T is deployment time; C videos time for transmission, just starts to image deployment agency load operating internal memory from the destination node network interface card and can think a constant during this period of time; N is concurrently deployed destination node number; S is image size (MB); W is the network bandwidth (Mb/s).
In the cluster build process of Shandong Province's HLRS, used clustered deploy(ment) software according to the inventive method design, the hardware environment of this cluster is as follows:
Management node is the NF260 of Langchao Yingxin (2 Xeon 2.4GHz CPU, internal memory 4GB, SCSI Ultra320, a 1000Mb network interface card).Destination node is tide NF170, in save as 2G, IDE hard disk, 100Mb network interface card, no CD drive, floppy drive, keyboard and display terminal.Backbone network connects by optical fiber with gigabit switch, and management node is received on the backbone network, and 96 destination nodes are divided into 3 subnets, and subnet is connected to 100 m switch by twisted-pair feeder, is connected to backbone network by 100 m switch again.
Reflection obtains and adopts the reflection catching mode, and the image size of acquisition is 3.7G.Start shooting simultaneously (9 nodes are arranged because reason is set and be not activated success) by 87 nodes of WOL, start from network interface card and carry out Software deployment.Finally finishing and disposing the needed time is 48 minutes.Detecting the average transmission rate that obtains network in the deployment is 990Mb.Reflection transmission time is 150 seconds, then disposes time T=150+3700 * 8 * 87/990=2751 second=46 minute according to the calculating of formula 1.This time and experiment statistics time are identical substantially, prove that formula 1 is correct.
Can see that from formula 1 it is linear with the destination node number of installing simultaneously to dispose the needed time, and the coefficient of this linear relationship is to be determined by the size of videoing and the network bandwidth.It is big more to video, and coefficient is big more, and it is long more to dispose the needed time; The network bandwidth is big more, and coefficient is more little, and it is short more to dispose the needed time.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of automated quick deployment method of large-scale computer cluster node, it is characterized in that, this method is based on client/server architecture, node software is installed the mode that adopts based on reflection, reflection is a complete system, contains operating system and the application software package that need install on destination node; All reflections all are stored on the server; Be provided with a management node as server in the required hardware structure of this method, destination node is connected with management node by general Ethernet switch, need network interface card and the mainboard of supporting Pre-Boot eXecution Environment and WOL on the destination node, destination node is connected with management node by general Ethernet switch as the client computer in this structure;
1), management node is the server end in the architecture, comprise being used to the video server end of transmission and the service end of Pre-Boot eXecution Environment agreement, be responsible for creating reflection, management reflection, storage destination node information, WOL destination node and provide deployment needed various services;
2), destination node is the client in the architecture, obtains to dispose the agency from management node, dispose the agency and be responsible for from downloading reflection as the management node of server and being installed on the local hard disk;
3), the start-up course of destination node observes the Pre-Boot eXecution Environment agreement of Intel, dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP, simple file transfer protocol TFTP service are provided on management node and are used to transmit the service of reflection;
4), between destination node and management node, video the transmission in, use different remote copy instruments based on client/server architecture.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the concrete steps of described cluster node automated quick deployment method are:
Step 1: obtain reflection
Obtain reflection by following dual mode:
First kind is to create reflection by installation kit, promptly the installation kit of operating system in the fixing disc and application software is copied in the catalogue of management node, directly creates virtual mapping with installation kit on management node;
Second kind is to catch reflection from a source node, promptly at first manual what a node of installation, source node as reflection, the various application software of operating system being installed on the node of source and having needed, catch the reflection and the storage of source node then from management node, being fit to destination node and source node is the situation of isomorphism;
Step 2: binding reflection and destination node
The network identification information of destination node and reflection binding, determine the corresponding relation of reflection and destination node, one of them corresponding a plurality of destination node of videoing, but destination node can only corresponding unique reflection;
Step 3: installation targets node
When disposing, at first on management node, start the DHCP service, for destination node provides network identification information; Start the TFTP service, download the deployment Agent for destination node service is provided; Be enabled in the server end that transmits the remote copy instrument of reflection between management node and the destination node;
Management node starts destination node by Wakeup On LAN; Destination node obtains network identity according to dynamic host configuration protocol DHCP from management node earlier after starting by network interface card, downloads to dispose according to simple file transfer protocol TFTP then and acts on behalf of and move in this machine internal memory; Dispose the agency and download reflection from management node, finish installation in this locality, after the installation, node is restarted automatically;
Step 4: configuration destination node
Destination node installs when starting first, and the operation configurator is configured the operating system and the application software of destination node; After configuration, destination node promptly becomes a clustered node that uses immediately;
Step 5: test
The all nodes of group system install, the operation test program, and whether the installation configuration of Test Operating System and application software is correct.
3, method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described destination node is set to start its software installation process full automation by network interface card in BIOS; Destination node does not need ancillary equipment such as keyboard, mouse, display, CD-ROM drive, floppy drive; All operations are all finished on management node.
4, method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described deployment agency adopts by manually customization, and it is a perfect micro operation system, moves in target node memory, is independent of the destination node hard disk; The instrument of disposing the client that includes the remote copy instrument among the agency, necessary hard disk and NIC driver, hard disk being operated.
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