CN104207756A

CN104207756A - Wearable heart rate monitor

Info

Publication number: CN104207756A
Application number: CN201410243178.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 萨博拉曼尼姆·文卡特拉曼; 谢尔顿·杰骄·袁
Original assignee: Fitbit LLC
Current assignee: Feibit Co ltd
Priority date: 2013-06-03
Filing date: 2014-06-03
Publication date: 2014-12-17
Anticipated expiration: 2034-06-03
Also published as: CN106333667B; CN106073737A; CN106333667A; CN104207756B; CN106073737B

Abstract

A biometric monitoring device is used to determine a user's heart rate by using a heartbeat waveform sensor and a motion detecting sensor. In some embodiments, the device collects collecting concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and output data from the motion detecting sensor, detects a periodic component of the output data from the motion detecting sensor, and uses the periodic component of the output data from the motion detecting sensor to remove a corresponding periodic component from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor. From this result, the device may determine and present the user's heart rate.

Description

Heart rate monitor can be worn

Technical field

The present invention be directed to and can wear heart rate monitor.

Background technology

Recently the consumer of personal health is paid close attention to and has caused commercially providing multiple personal health monitoring arrangement.Until recently, this little device often uses complexity and usually through being designed for an activity, such as cycle touring computer.

The recent advances of sensor, electronic device and power supply miniaturization has allowed the size of personal health monitoring arrangement (being also called " biometric tracking " or " biometric supervision " device in this article) to provide with previous unpractical minimum size.For example, Fitbit Ultra is about 2 inches long, 0.75 inch wide and 0.5 inch of dark biometric monitoring arrangement; It has the pixellated display, battery, sensor, wireless communication ability, power supply and the interface button that are encapsulated in this little volume, and for the integrated intermediate plate of the other parts that described device are attached to pocket or clothes.

The invention provides for activating method based on the HR monitor of user movement and skin proximity and device in the mode of tool energy benefits.The present invention is also provided for operating the LED of heart rate monitor and photoelectric detector to obtain the method for the accurate reading of the heart rate worked out for different user characteristics such as the such as colours of skin.

Summary of the invention

Control logic usually but be not necessarily positioned on body-building monitoring arrangement.Described control logic can be embodied as hardware, software, firmware or its any combination.The data used by control logic when performing instruction described herein can by residing on device completely or partly reside on the storage such as the memorizer be associated, depositor (such as, cushioning) on pairing auxiliary device.The example of the suitable architecture for implementing control logic is hereafter presented referring to such as Figure 11 A to 11G, 12A to 12C, 13A to 13B and 14A to 14D.

What subject application provided a kind of use to comprise multiple sensor wears the method that user's heart rate determined by biometric monitoring arrangement, described multiple sensor comprises heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, described method comprises: (a) collects the concurrent output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from described motion detection sensor, the information of the heart rate about described user is wherein provided from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor, and the information of the periodicity health movement about the described user except heart beating is wherein provided from the described output data of described motion detection sensor, b () determines the cyclical component of the described output data from described motion detection sensor, c () uses the described cyclical component from the described output data of described motion detection sensor to remove corresponding cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor, d () determines the heart rate of described user, and (e) presents the heart rate of described user.

In some instances, described method comprises the harmonic wave removing described corresponding cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor further.

In some instances, be wherein the fundamental frequency moving generation from the periodicity of described user from the described cyclical component of the described output data of described motion detection sensor.

In some instances, wherein remove corresponding cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor to comprise sef-adapting filter is applied to the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the described output data from described motion detection sensor.

In some instances, wherein remove corresponding cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and comprise described output data sef-adapting filter function be applied to from described motion detection sensor, described sef-adapting filter function minimizes the difference between the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the described output data from motion detection sensor.

In some instances, method comprises further: level of activation and/or the Activity Type of determining user; And based on the level of activation of user and/or the parameter of Activity Type determination function.

In some instances, method comprises further: analyze output data from motion detection sensor to infer that user is static in fact; And supspend operation (c).

In some instances, wherein by motion sensor senses to periodicity to move be that the limbs of wearer move.

In some instances, wherein limbs move for walking, stroke, by bike time ankle to rotate and lower limb on aerobic machine moves.

In some instances, wherein motion detection sensor is accelerometer or gyroscope.

In some instances, wherein heartbeat waveform sensor comprises photoelectricity volume map sensor or ECG sensor.

Under some examples, wherein export data from heartbeat waveform sensor collection and comprise: make the light source pulsation of wearing biometric monitoring arrangement at a first frequency; And the light detected at a first frequency from light source.

Under some examples, wherein make light source pulse at a first frequency and comprise a series of light pulses of transmitting intensity constant in fact.

Under some examples, the heart rate wherein presenting user is included in wear on biometric monitoring arrangement and presents heart rate.

Under some examples, the heart rate wherein presenting user is included in and presents heart rate with wearing on external device (ED) that biometric monitoring arrangement periodically communicates.

What subject application provided a kind of use to comprise multiple sensor further wears the method that user's heart rate determined by biometric monitoring arrangement, described multiple sensor comprises heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, described method comprises: (a) collects the concurrent output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from described motion detection sensor, the information of the heart rate about described user is wherein provided from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor, and the information of the periodicity health movement about the described user except heart beating is wherein provided from the described output data of described motion detection sensor, b () determines the cyclical component of the described output data from described motion detection sensor, c () carries out filtering to remove the change slower relative to expection heart rate to the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor, the high-pass filtering that wherein said filtering produces from described heartbeat waveform sensor exports data, d () determines the heart rate of described user, and (e) presents the heart rate of described user.

In some instances, method comprises further: use from the described output data of described motion detection sensor described cyclical component from from described heartbeat waveform sensor through high-pass filtering export data remove corresponding cyclical component.

In some instances, wherein filtering removes from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor the frequency being less than about 0.6Hz.

In some instances, wherein filtering removes from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor the frequency being less than about 0.3Hz.

In some instances, method comprises further: determine to expect heart rate, and is used for the high-pass equipment of filtering from the setting of expection heart rate.

In some instances, wherein determine to expect that heart rate comprises the output data analyzed from motion detection sensor.

In some instances, the output data wherein analyzed from motion detection sensor comprise deduction User Activity level.

In some instances, the output data wherein analyzed from motion detection sensor comprise the detection intensity of User Activity or the type of User Activity.

In some instances, the type wherein detecting User Activity comprises detecting runs, walks, stands, is seated or lies down.

In some instances, the intensity wherein detecting User Activity comprises detecting runs or walking.

In some instances, method comprises further: the HRrest determining user, and wherein filtering removes the frequency of the frequency being about less than user's heart rate.

In some instances, wherein determine the HRrest of user be included in its be waken up and still static in bed after just measure user ¹heart rate.

In some instances, wherein determine that the HRrest of user is included in the user's average heart rate measuring user when user sleeps.

In some instances, wherein determine the HRrest of user be included in user's awakening and static time carry out multiple measurements of user's heart rate.

What subject application provided a kind of use to comprise multiple sensor further wears the method that user's heart rate determined by biometric monitoring arrangement, described multiple sensor comprises heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, described method comprises: (a) collects the concurrent output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from described motion detection sensor, the information of the heart rate about described user is wherein provided from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor, and the information of the periodicity health movement about the described user except heart beating is wherein provided from the described output data of described motion detection sensor, b () determines the cyclical component of the described output data from described motion detection sensor, (c) process from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor to remove described cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor, d () uses the described output data from described motion detection sensor to determine the scope of expection heart rate, e described output data that () produces from (c) determine the heart rate of described user, and the wherein said heart rate determined is present in the described scope of expection heart rate, and (f) presents the heart rate of described user.

In some instances, wherein determine to expect that the scope of heart rate comprises: (i) determines the heart rate of user when static in fact from the output data indicating user of motion detection sensor; (ii) cyclical component of the output data of always autokinesis detecting sensor determines level of activation and/or the Activity Type of user; And (iii) determines to expect the scope of heart rate from the user's heart rate determined (i) and the User Activity level determined in (ii) and/or Activity Type.

In some instances, wherein expect that the minimum expected heart rate in the scope of heart rate is greater than the heart rate of the user determined in (i).

In some instances, that wherein determines that the Activity Type of user comprises the information inference Activity Type that contains in the output data of always autokinesis detecting sensor or detected activity type manually types in selection.

In some instances, wherein determine to expect that output data that the scope of heart rate comprises always autokinesis detecting sensor determine the cadence of user.

In some instances, wherein determine that the heart rate of user comprises the spectral density calculating the output data produced in (c).

What subject application provided a kind of use to comprise multiple sensor further wears the method that user's heart rate determined by biometric monitoring arrangement, described multiple sensor comprises heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, described method comprises: (a) collects the concurrent output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from described motion detection sensor, the information of the heart rate about described user is wherein provided from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor, and the information of the periodicity health movement about the described user except heart beating is wherein provided from the described output data of described motion detection sensor, b () determines the cyclical component of the described output data from described motion detection sensor, c (), according to the described output data of cycle of operation process from described heartbeat waveform sensor, wherein said process comprises and always removes described cyclical component from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor, d () determines the heart rate of described user, and (e) presents the heart rate of described user.

In some instances, wherein cycle of operation comprises and exports data for the collection obtained from heartbeat waveform sensor and determine the operational phase of about 5 to 15 seconds of heart rate of user, followed by the inertia stage.

In some instances, wherein the continuously active stage separates about 1 to 10 minutes.

In some instances, the user wherein by receiving request heart rate measurement inputs and the triggered activity stage.

In some instances, wherein in (a), in about 5 to 15 seconds, the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from motion detection sensor are collected in the period per minute of cycle of operation.

In some instances, method comprises further: detect user and attempt to read heart rate; And supspend cycle of operation.

In some instances, method comprises further: analyze output data from motion detection sensor to infer low level of activation; And supspend cycle of operation.

Subject application provides one can wear body-building monitoring arrangement further, and it comprises: motion sensor, and it is configured to the output providing the motion carried out corresponding to the user wearing described body-building monitoring arrangement; Heartbeat waveform sensor; And comprise the control logic of instruction, described instruction is used for: (a) collects the concurrent output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from described motion detection sensor, the information of the heart rate about described user is wherein provided from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor, and wherein provides the information of the periodicity health movement about the described user except heart beating from the described output data of described motion detection sensor; B () determines the cyclical component of the described output data from described motion detection sensor; C () uses the described cyclical component from the described output data of described motion detection sensor to remove corresponding cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor; D () determines the heart rate of described user; And (e) presents the heart rate of described user.

In some instances, wherein heartbeat waveform sensor is photoelectricity volume map sensor, it comprise (i) periodically light source, (ii) through location to receive the photodetector of the periodicity light launched by light source and (iii) to determine the heart rate of user circuit from the output of photodetector after the skin with user alternately.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor comprises across the periodicity light source of two on the photo-detector.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor comprises the shell with the dimple being mounted with photodetector further.

In some instances, wherein the shell of photoelectricity volume map sensor comprises the second dimple being mounted with periodically light source further.

In some instances, its housing is outstanding at least about 1mm on the surface of base of the worn body-building monitoring arrangement through arranging the skin to extrude user when wearing.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor comprises the spring being configured to the opposing compression when the skin of outstanding shell extruding user further.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor is included in the IML film on photodetector and periodicity light source further.

In some instances, wherein periodically light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein control logic comprises the instruction for removing the harmonic wave of described corresponding cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor further.

In some instances, the instruction wherein for removing corresponding cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor comprises the instruction for sef-adapting filter being applied to the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the described output data from described motion detection sensor.

In some instances, instruction wherein for removing corresponding cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor comprises the instruction for sef-adapting filter function being applied to the described output data from described motion detection sensor, and described sef-adapting filter function minimizes the difference between the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the described output data from motion detection sensor.

In some instances, wherein control logic comprises the instruction for carrying out following operation further: level of activation and/or the Activity Type of determining user; And based on the level of activation of user and/or the parameter of Activity Type determination function.

In some instances, wherein control logic comprises the instruction for carrying out following operation further: analyze output data from motion detection sensor to infer that user is static in fact; And supspend operation (c).

Under some examples, the instruction wherein for exporting data from heartbeat waveform sensor collection comprises the instruction for carrying out following operation: make the light source pulsation can worn in biometric monitoring arrangement at a first frequency; And the light detected at a first frequency from light source.

Under some examples, the instruction wherein for making light source pulse at a first frequency comprises the instruction of a series of light pulses for launching intensity constant in fact.

Under some examples, the instruction wherein for the heart rate presenting user comprises for wearing instruction biometric monitoring arrangement presenting heart rate.

Under some examples, wherein for the instruction of the heart rate presenting user comprise for can wear instruction external device (ED) that biometric monitoring arrangement periodically communicates presenting heart rate.

Subject application provides one can wear body-building monitoring arrangement further, and it comprises: motion sensor, and it is configured to the output providing the motion carried out corresponding to the user wearing described body-building monitoring arrangement; Heartbeat waveform sensor; And comprise the control logic of instruction, described instruction is used for: (a) collects the concurrent output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from described motion detection sensor, the information of the heart rate about described user is wherein provided from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor, and wherein provides the information of the periodicity health movement about the described user except heart beating from the described output data of described motion detection sensor; B () determines the cyclical component of the described output data from described motion detection sensor; C () carries out filtering to remove the change slower relative to expection heart rate to the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor, the high-pass filtering that wherein said filtering produces from described heartbeat waveform sensor exports data; D () determines the heart rate of described user; And (e) presents the heart rate of described user.

In some instances, wherein periodically light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein control logic comprises further for using described cyclical component from the described output data of described motion detection sensor from exporting data through high-pass filtering and remove the instruction of corresponding cyclical component from described heartbeat waveform sensor.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for removing the frequency being less than about 0.6Hz from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor is comprised for the instruction of filtering.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for removing the frequency being less than about 0.3Hz from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor is comprised for the instruction of filtering.

In some instances, wherein control logic comprises further for determining expection heart rate and setting the instruction for the high-pass equipment of filtering from expection heart rate.

In some instances, wherein expect that the instruction of heart rate comprises the instruction for analyzing the output data from motion detection sensor for determining.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for inferring User Activity level is comprised for the instruction analyzed from the output data of motion detection sensor.

In some instances, the instruction of the type for the intensity or User Activity detecting User Activity is wherein comprised for the instruction analyzed from the output data of motion detection sensor.

In some instances, wherein comprise for the instruction detecting running, walk, stand, be seated or lie down for the instruction of the type detecting User Activity.

In some instances, wherein comprise for detecting the instruction of running or walking for the instruction of the intensity detecting User Activity.

In some instances, wherein control logic comprises the instruction of the HRrest for determining user further, and wherein comprises the instruction of the frequency of the frequency for removing the heart rate being about less than user for the instruction of filtering.

In some instances, wherein for the instruction of the HRrest determining user comprise for be waken up at it and still static in bed after just measure user ¹the instruction of heart rate.

In some instances, the instruction of the user's average heart rate for measuring user when user sleeps wherein is comprised for the instruction of the HRrest determining user.

In some instances, wherein for the instruction of the HRrest determining user comprise in user's awakening and static time carry out the instruction of multiple measurements of user's heart rate.

Subject application provides one can wear body-building monitoring arrangement further, and it comprises: motion sensor, and it is configured to the output providing the motion carried out corresponding to the user wearing described body-building monitoring arrangement; Heartbeat waveform sensor; And comprise the control logic of instruction, described instruction is used for: (a) collects the concurrent output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from described motion detection sensor, the information of the heart rate about described user is wherein provided from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor, and wherein provides the information of the periodicity health movement about the described user except heart beating from the described output data of described motion detection sensor; B () determines the cyclical component of the described output data from described motion detection sensor; (c) process from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor to remove described cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor; D () uses the described output data from described motion detection sensor to determine the scope of expection heart rate; E described output data that () produces from (c) determine the heart rate of described user, and the wherein said heart rate determined is present in the described scope of expection heart rate; And (f) presents the heart rate of described user.

In some instances, wherein periodically light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein expect that the instruction of scope of heart rate comprises the instruction for carrying out following operation for determining: (i) determines the heart rate of user when static in fact from the output data indicating user of motion detection sensor; (ii) cyclical component of the output data of always autokinesis detecting sensor determines level of activation and/or the Activity Type of user; And (iii) determines to expect the scope of heart rate from the user's heart rate determined (i) and the User Activity level determined in (ii) and/or Activity Type.

In some instances, the information inference Activity Type contained in wherein comprising for always autokinesis detecting sensor output data for the instruction of the Activity Type determining user or the instruction manually typing in selection of detected activity type.

In some instances, wherein for determining to expect that the instruction of scope of the heart rate output data comprised for always autokinesis detecting sensor determine the instruction of the cadence of user.

In some instances, the instruction of the spectral density for calculating the output data produced in (c) is wherein comprised for the instruction of the heart rate determining user.

Subject application provides one can wear body-building monitoring arrangement further, and it comprises: motion sensor, and it is configured to the output providing the motion carried out corresponding to the user wearing described body-building monitoring arrangement; Heartbeat waveform sensor; And comprise the control logic of instruction, described instruction is used for: (a) collects the concurrent output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from described motion detection sensor, the information of the heart rate about described user is wherein provided from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor, and wherein provides the information of the periodicity health movement about the described user except heart beating from the described output data of described motion detection sensor; B () determines the cyclical component of the described output data from described motion detection sensor; C (), according to the described output data of cycle of operation process from described heartbeat waveform sensor, wherein said process comprises and always removes described cyclical component from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor; D () determines the heart rate of described user; And (e) presents the heart rate of described user.

In some instances, wherein periodically light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein control logic comprises the instruction inputting the triggered activity stage for the user by receiving request heart rate measurement further.

In some instances, wherein control logic comprises the instruction for collecting the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from motion detection sensor in (a) in about 5 to 15 seconds in the period per minute of cycle of operation further.

In some instances, wherein control logic comprises the instruction for carrying out following operation in addition: detect user and attempt to read heart rate; And supspend cycle of operation.

In some instances, wherein control logic comprises the instruction for carrying out following operation: analyze output data from motion detection sensor to infer low level of activation; And supspend cycle of operation.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 illustrates the example portable monitoring device realized via the user interactions of user interface.

Fig. 2 A illustrates the example portable monitoring device that can be fastened to user via using belt.

Fig. 2 B provides the view of the example portable monitoring device of Fig. 2 A, and it shows the part towards skin of described device.

Fig. 2 C provides the cross-sectional view of the portable monitoring device of Fig. 2 A.

Fig. 3 A provides the cross-sectional view of the sensor projection of example portable monitoring device.

Fig. 3 B describes the cross-sectional view of the sensor projection of example portable monitoring device; This projection is similar to the projection presented in Fig. 3 A, and just light source and photoelectric detector are placed on the PCB of smooth and/or hard.

Fig. 3 C provides another cross-sectional view of example PPG Sensor Implementation.

Fig. 4 A illustrates the example of a potential PPG light source and photoelectric detector geometry.

Fig. 4 B and 4C illustrates the example with the PPG sensor of photoelectric detector and two LED light sources.

Fig. 5 illustrates the bossed example through optimizing PPG detector of tool, and described projection has curved side in order to avoid make user not feel well.

Fig. 6 A illustrates the example with the portable monitoring device of belt; Optical pickocff and optical transmitting set can be placed on described belt.

Fig. 6 B illustrates the example of the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement with display and wrist strap.In addition, optics PPG (such as, heart rate) detecting sensor and/or emitter can be positioned on the side of biometric monitoring arrangement.In one embodiment, these each can be arranged in side installing type button.

Fig. 7 describes the side that user presses portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement and carries out heart rate measurement with installing type optics heart rate detection sensor from the side.The display of biometric monitoring arrangement can show heart rate heart rate and/or display user whether being detected.

Fig. 8 illustrated example biometric monitoring arrangement intelligent alarm feature functional.

Fig. 9 illustrates the mobile degree that experiences based on biometric monitoring arrangement and changes the example of portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement that it detects the mode of user's heart rate.

Figure 10 illustrates the example of the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement it with bicycle application program, and described bicycle application program can show step and other tolerance of bicycle speed and/or pedal.

Figure 11 A illustrates the example block diagram of PPG sensor, and described PPG sensor has light source, photodetector, ADC, processor, DAC/GPIO, and the intensity of light source and ON/OFF control.

Figure 11 B illustrates the example block diagram being similar to the PPG sensor of the PPG sensor of Figure 11 A, and described PPG sensor additionally uses sampling and holding circuit and analogue signal to regulate.

Figure 11 C illustrates the example block diagram being similar to the PPG sensor of the PPG sensor of Figure 11 A, and described PPG sensor additionally uses sampling and holding circuit.

Figure 11 D illustrates the example block diagram with the PPG sensor of multiple switchable light source and detector, the intensity of light source/switch control and circuit for signal conditioning.

Figure 11 E illustrates the example block diagram of the PPG sensor using synchronous detecting.For the PPG performing this type detects, it has demodulator.

Figure 11 F illustrates the example block diagram of PPG sensor, and described PPG sensor also has difference amplifier except the feature of the sensor illustrated in Figure 11 A.

Figure 11 G illustrates the example block diagram of PPG sensor, and described PPG sensor has the feature of the PPG sensor shown in Figure 11 A to KKF.

Figure 12 A illustrates the example of the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement of the telecommunication circuit having heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor and be connected to processor.

Figure 12 B illustrates the example of the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement of the telecommunication circuit having heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor, position sensor, altitude sensor, skin electric conductivity/humidity sensor and be connected to processor.

Figure 12 C illustrates the example of the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement of the position sensor having biosensor, environmental sensor and be connected to processor.

Figure 13 A illustrates the example using motor message and optics PPG signal to measure heart rate.

Figure 13 B illustrates another example using motor message and optics PPG signal to measure heart rate.

Figure 14 A illustrates the example with the sensor that the simulation to sensor processor connects.

Figure 14 B illustrates the example with the sensor that the simulation to sensor processor connects, and the numeral that described sensor processor has again to application processor connects.

Figure 14 C illustrates the example with the sensor device of the one or more sensors being connected to application processor.

Figure 14 D illustrates the example with the sensor device of the one or more sensors being connected to sensor processor, and described sensor processor is connected to application processor again.

Figure 15 A illustrates the example of the swimming detection algorithm using sequential algorithm flow process.

Figure 15 B illustrates the example of the swimming detection algorithm using parallel algorithm flow process.

Figure 15 C illustrates use order and the example of the swimming detection algorithm mixed of parallel algorithm flow process.

Figure 15 D illustrates use order and the example of the swimming detection algorithm mixed of parallel algorithm flow process.

Figure 16 A illustrates and can be used for the sampling of PPG sensing and the example schematic of holding circuit and difference/instrument amplifier.

Figure 16 B illustrates that the use controlled current source being used for PPG sensor " is biased " example schematic of the circuit of electric current in the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier.

Figure 16 C illustrates the example schematic being used for the use sampling of PPG sensor and holding circuit and being used for the circuit of the current feedback being applied to photodiode (before transimpedance amplifier).

Figure 16 D illustrates that the use being used for PPG sensor has the example schematic that surround lighting eliminates the circuit of functional difference/instrument amplifier.

Figure 16 E illustrates that the use photodiode being used for PPG sensor compensates the example schematic of the circuit of the electric current dynamically produced by DAC.

Figure 16 F illustrates that the use photodiode being used for PPG sensor compensates the example schematic of the circuit of the electric current dynamically produced by controlled voltage source.

Figure 16 G illustrates that the surround lighting comprising use " switched capacitor " method being used for PPG sensor removes the example schematic of functional circuit.

Figure 16 H illustrates that the use photodiode being used for PPG sensor compensates the example schematic of the circuit of the electric current (this also can use constant voltage source and resistor) produced by constant current source.

Figure 16 I illustrate be used for PPG sensor comprise the example schematic that surround lighting removes the circuit of the differencing between functional and continuous sample.

Figure 16 J illustrates that being used for surround lighting removes and the example schematic of circuit of differencing between continuous sample.

Figure 17 presents the block diagram for the signal processing logic by applying motion compensation to heartbeat waveform signal according to some embodiment.

Figure 18 presents the example of the frequency domain heartbeat waveform sensor signal standing twice adaptive-filtering.The first half of figure shows non-filtered signal, and the latter half is illustrated in the same signal after twice adaptive-filtering.

Figure 19 presents the curve chart of the typical heart rate for different user Activity Type.

Detailed description of the invention

(it also can be described as " biometric tracking means ", " personal health monitoring arrangement ", " portable monitoring device ", " portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement ", " biometric monitoring arrangement " herein and in any reference case be incorporated to by reference to the present invention be directed to biometric monitoring arrangement, etc.), it can be described as wearable device usually, usually there is little size, through design to be worn relatively continuously by people.When wearing, the data of the physiological status about the activity performed by wearer or wearer collected by this little biometric monitoring arrangement.These data can comprise the mutual data representing surrounding around wearer or wearer and environment, such as, about exercise data, surround lighting, environment noise, the air quality of the movement of wearer, Deng, and by the various physiological property measuring wearer the physiological data that obtains, such as heart rate, level of perspiration, etc.

As mentioned above, biometric monitoring arrangement is generally little of to make wearer inconspicuous in size.Fitbit provides all very little and very light several biometric monitoring arrangement, and such as, Fitbit Flex is a kind of wrist strap, and it has insertable biometric monitoring arrangement, takes advantage of 1.3 inches long to take advantage of 0.25 inch for its about 0.5 inch wide.Biometric monitoring arrangement usually through designing can wear long time period when not having sense of discomfort, and does not disturb normal daily routines.

In some cases, biometric monitoring arrangement can utilize other device in biometric monitoring arrangement outside, such as, the outside heart rate monitor in the EKG forms of sensor on pectoral girdle can in order to obtain heart rate data, or the gps receiver in smart phone can in order to obtain position data.In some cases, biometric monitoring arrangement can use wired or wireless communication to connect and these communication with external apparatus.Herein the concept that discloses and discuss can be applicable to independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement and utilization be provided in sensor in external device (ED) or functional (such as, external sensor, the sensor provided by smart phone or functional, etc.) both biometric monitoring arrangements.

In general, the concept discussed herein may be implemented in independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement and (in due course) utilizes in the biometric monitoring arrangement of external device (ED).

Although should be understood that comprised concept and discussion present in the context of biometric monitoring arrangement herein, if suitably hardware can be used, so these concepts also can be applied in other context equally.For example, many modern smart phones comprise the motion sensors such as the such as accelerometer be usually contained in biometric monitoring arrangement, and if suitably hardware can be used in device, the concept discussed so herein may be implemented in this device.In effect, this can regard the biometric monitoring arrangement (but for being greater than canonical biometric metering monitoring arrangement and the biometric monitoring arrangement that may not wear in the same manner) smart phone being changed into a certain form as.This little embodiment is also interpreted as being in scope of the present invention.

That discusses herein functionally uses several distinct methods to provide.For example, in some embodiments, processor can be controlled to provide functional as described herein by the computer executable instructions stored in memory.In other embodiments, this functionally can the form of circuit provide.In other embodiment again, this is functional can be provided by one or more processor controlled by the computer executable instructions be stored in the memorizer of custom-designed which couple with one or more.Can in order to implement the various examples of the hardware of concept summarized herein including but not limited to special IC (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), and with store the general purpose microprocessor be coupled for the memorizer of the executable instruction controlling general purpose microprocessor.

Independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement can several form factor provide, and can wear in many ways through design.In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be worn in housing maybe can be inserted in multiple different housing worn can be inserted into one through design, such as, wrist strap housing, strap clamp housing (belt-clip case), suspension member housing, be configured to be attached to the housing of exercise devices such as such as bicycle, etc.This little embodiment is described in greater detail in the 14/029th of such as JIUYUE in 2013 application on the 17th the, and in No. 764 U.S. patent application case, described U.S. patent application case is incorporated to for this purpose hereby by reference.In other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can through design only to wear by a kind of mode, and such as, the biometric monitoring arrangement be integrated in wrist strap in non-removable mode can setly only be worn in the wrist (or possibility ankle) of people.

Can have and be suitable for being coupled to (such as, be fastened to, wear, supported, etc.) health of user or the shape of clothes and size according to the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement of embodiment as herein described and embodiment.The examples show of portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement is in Fig. 1; Described example portable monitoring device can have user interface, processor, biometric sensors, memorizer, environmental sensor and/or can with the wireless transceiver of client and/or server communication.The examples show of weared on wrist type portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement is in Fig. 2 A to 2C.This device can have display, button, electron device package, and/or attachment strip.Attachment strip can be fastened to user via using shackle (such as, Velcro), buckle and/or have the belt (such as, via use spring metal band) of the memorizer for its shape.In fig. 2b, sensor projection and the recess for coordinating charger and/or data to launch cable can be seen.In fig. 2 c, the cross section through electron device package is shown.It should be noted that sensor projection, main PCB plate, and display.

Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can collect physiology and/or the environmental data of one or more type from embedded type sensor and/or external device (ED), and by this communicating information or be relayed to other device (comprising the device of the data source can serving as accessible the Internet), thus permit such as using web browser or network application program to inspect collected data.For example, when user adorns oneself with biometric monitoring arrangement, biometric monitoring arrangement can use one or more biometric sensors to calculate and store the step number of user.Biometric monitoring arrangement then can will represent that the data of step number of user be transmitted into account, computer, mobile phone on network service (such as, www.fitbit.com), or wherein can store, to process and by the health station of user's observed data.In fact, biometric monitoring arrangement is except the step number of user or replace the step number of user also can measure or calculate other physiological measurements multiple.These physiological measurements are including but not limited to energy expenditure, such as, caloric burn value, the number of floor levels climbed up and/or climb down, heart rate, changes in heart rate, heart rate recovers, position and/or trend are (such as via GPS, GLONASS or similar system), rise, speed of walking about and/or travel distance, swimming one way counting, stroke type and the counting detected, bicycle distance and/or speed, blood pressure, blood glucose, skin conductance, skin and/or body temp, via the muscular states that electromyography is measured, by the cerebral activity that electroencephalography is measured, body weight, body fat, calorie is taken in, from the nutrition intake of food, medicine is taken in, sleep cycle, such as clock time, Sleep stages, sleep quality and/or persistent period, pH value level, hydration level, breathing rate, and other physiological measurements.The tolerance relevant with the environment around user be measured or be calculated to biometric monitoring arrangement can also, such as atmospheric pressure, weather condition are (such as, temperature, humidity, pollen count, air quality, rain/ice-lolly part, wind speed), light expose (such as, surround lighting, UV light expose, time of spending in the dark and/or persistent period), post noise exposure, radioactive exposure, and magnetic field.In addition, collect from biometric monitoring arrangement the tolerance that the biometric monitoring arrangement of data flow or system can calculate from then on statistical conversion.For example, device or system can calculate anxiety and/or the relaxation level of user via the combination of changes in heart rate, skin conductance, noise pollution and sleep quality.In another example, device or system can be taken in via medicine, the combination of dormant data and/or activity data to be to determine effect of medical intervention (such as medicine).In a further example, biometric monitoring arrangement or system can be taken in via pollen data, medicine, the combination of sleep and/or activity data determines effect of allergic drug.There is provided these examples only in order to illustrate, and not wish for restrictive or detailed.The further embodiment of sensor device and embodiment are found in the U.S. patent application case 13/156 that the title applied on June 8th, 2011 is " portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement and operational approach (Portable Biometric Monitoring Devices and Methods of Operating Same) thereof ", the title of application on August 6th, 304 and 2012 is the U.S. patent application case 61/680 of " Fitbit tracker (Fitbit Tracker) ", in 230, the full text of described both U.S. patent application case is incorporated herein by reference hereby.

Biosensor

The biometric monitoring arrangement discussed herein can use one, some or all of with lower sensor to obtain physiological data, including but not limited to the physiological data summarized in following table.All combinations of biosensor and/or physiological data and arrange set falling within the scope of the present invention.Biometric monitoring arrangement can including but not limited to following appointment for obtaining one of corresponding physiological data, the type of some or all of sensor; In fact, also can or alternatively use the sensor of other type to obtain corresponding physiological data, and the sensor of this other type a little is also set falls within the scope of the present invention.In addition, biometric monitoring arrangement can export statistical conversion physiological data from respective sensor, the number of the physiological data can derived from described sensor including but not limited to it or type.

In an example embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise optical pickocff to detect, sensing, sampling and/or produce can in order to determine to represent the data of the information of the anxiety (or its level) of such as user, blood pressure and/or heart rate.(see, such as Fig. 2 A to 3C and 11A to KKG).In this little embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise optical pickocff, it has one or more light source (LED, laser, Deng) to send or to export the health of light to user, and photodetector (photodiode, optotransistor, Deng) provide to determine to represent the data of the data of the anxiety (or its level) of user, blood pressure and/or heart rate (such as, such as, by using photoelectricity volume diagram) to sample, to measure and/or to detect this light from the response of user's body or reflection.

In an example embodiment, the heart rate measurement of user can be triggered by the criterion determined by one or more sensor (or being connected to its treatment circuit).For example, when the data from motion sensor indicate static or cycle that is that have few motion, biometric monitoring arrangement can trigger, obtains and/or obtain heart rate measurement or data.(see, such as Fig. 9,12A and 12B).

Photoelectricity volume (PPG) signal on light source (such as, LED) and corresponding photodetector (such as, photodiode) recording body can be used.When each cardiac cycle, blood pump is delivered to periphery by heart.Even if this pressure pulse is impaired a little when it arrives skin, it is still enough to expand the tremulous pulse in subcutaneous tissue and small artery.By be used for self-luminous diode (LED) illumination pearlite layer skin and then measure the change that the light quantity of launching or reflex to photodiode detects the volume caused by pressure pulse.

In certain embodiments, PPG or other technology are in order to measure heartbeat waveform." heartbeat waveform " typically refers to the change of the signal of any measurement driving blood flow to cause by user's heart beating or to drive blood flow relevant to user's heart beating.In certain embodiments, the signal of measurement is relevant with the blood circulation caused by the heart via blood circulation pump blood, and described blood circulation causes the cardiovascular of capillary tube volume or other parameter to drive change.In certain embodiments, heartbeat waveform is measured by photoelectricity volume diagram (PPG).In this little embodiment, the blood volume change in heartbeat waveform reflection capillary tube, its heart beating to user and pulse (the tremulous pulse palpation caused by heart beating) relevant.In certain embodiments, the signal of measurement is relevant with the musculation of heart or ECG signal.In certain embodiments, heart beat activity or signal can be measured to obtain heartbeat waveform by ECG.Heartbeat waveform represents the information for one or more cardiac cycle, and described information corresponds to the complete heartbeat from it produces heart beating next time.The frequency of cardiac cycle is described by heart rate, and heart rate is typically expressed as number of beating per minute.Heartbeat waveform comprises the information in the various stages about heart beating usually, such as, the amplitude of waveform, frequency and/or shape in one or more circulation.In many examples, heartbeat waveform is in order to obtain the heart rate of user.

This PPG signal therefore can in order to the heart rate of estimating user.PPG reflection is owing to the combination of the deep change of the blood volume of heart beating and the change owing to the deep tissue of object motion and the optical property of device skin interface.Usually, people's heart rate is estimated at scope 40 to 240 number (bpm) of beating per minute.

In one embodiment, when motion sensor indicating user is movable or move (such as, for triggering, obtain and/or obtain required heart rate measurement or data (such as, in order to determine the data of the resting heart rate of user) improper or and the motion of non-optimal) time, can be placed in order to the biometric monitoring arrangement and/or sensor obtaining and/or obtain required heart rate measurement or data or be held in low power state.Because the heart rate measurement during movement carried out may be not too reliable and may passive movement illusion destroy, thus when biometric monitoring arrangement at the volley time, the frequency (thus reducing power use) reducing to collect heart rate data sample may be needed.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can use the data of indicating user activity or motion (such as, from one or more motion sensor) adjust or revise triggering, obtain and/or obtain the characteristic (such as, to improve the robustness to motion artifact) of required heart rate measurement or data.For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement receives the data that indicating user is movable or move, so biometric monitoring arrangement adjustable or amendment are in order to obtain the sampling rate of sensor of heart rate data and/or resolution model (such as, when user movement amount exceedes a certain threshold value, biometric monitoring arrangement can increase sampling rate and/or increase the sampling resolution pattern of the sensor in order to obtain heart rate measurement or data).In addition, biometric monitoring arrangement can at the sampling rate of period in this little cycle (such as, user movement amount exceedes the cycle of a certain threshold value) adjustment of User Activity or motion or amendment motion sensor and/or resolution model.In this way, when biometric monitoring arrangement is determined or this User Activity or motion detected, motion sensor can be placed in higher sampling rate and/or higher sampling resolution pattern such as to realize the adaptive-filtering more accurately of heart rate signal by biometric monitoring arrangement.(see, such as, Fig. 9).

Fig. 9 illustrates the mobile degree that experiences based on biometric monitoring arrangement and changes the example of portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement that it detects the mode of user's heart rate.When motion (such as, via use accelerometer) being detected wherein, user can be thought in " activity " by biometric monitoring arrangement, and the motion artifact that reduces in heart rate measurement can occur high sampling rate heart rate detection.Can preserve and/or show this data.When biometric monitoring arrangement determine that user does not move (or sitting relatively), low sampling rate heart rate detection (it does not consume so much power) can be suitable for measuring heart rate and thus can be used.

It should be noted that, when biometric monitoring arrangement uses optical technology to come such as by using photoelectricity volume diagram to obtain heart rate measurement or data, motor message can be used determine or set up ad hoc approach or the technology of being carried out data acquisition or measurement (such as, synchronous detecting instead of non-amplitude modulation method) and/or its analysis by heartbeat waveform sensor.(see, such as Figure 11 E).In this way, the data of indicating user motion or activity can cause biometric monitoring arrangement to be set up or adjust type or the technology of data acquisition or the measurement used by one or more optics heartbeat waveform sensor.

For example, in one embodiment, when motion detector circuit detect or determine the motion of biometric monitoring arrangement wearer lower than during threshold value (such as, if user's sitting or sleeping determined by biometric monitoring arrangement), the sampling rate of biometric monitoring arrangement (or heart rate measurement technology as herein disclosed) adjustable and/or the sampling of reduction optics heart rate.(see, such as, Fig. 9).In this way, biometric monitoring arrangement can control its power consumption.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement by reducing sensor sampling rate and reduce power consumption, such as, biometric monitoring arrangement can every 10 minutes once or every 1 minute 10 seconds Di heart rate is sampled (via heartbeat waveform sensor).It should be noted that additionally or alternati, biometric monitoring arrangement can control power consumption via according to the data processing circuit analysis of motion detection control and/or data analysis technique.Thus, the motion of user may affect heart rate data get parms and/or data analysis or its process.

Motion artifact in heartbeat waveform sensor suppresses

As discussed above, by using one or more algorithm to remove motion artifact to improve by the original heartbeat waveform signal of PPG sensor measurement.In certain embodiments, use the data from motion sensor accurately to measure the motion of user, and use sef-adapting filter to remove motion artifact when the motion of user is periodic from heart rate signal.The movement of sensor measurement user (for determining motion artifact) can be used, described sensor including but not limited to accelerometer, gyroscope, proximity detector, magnetometer, etc.The target of this little algorithm uses from the movable signal of capturing as other sensor instructed to remove the component (mobile illusion) being attributable to movement of PPG signal.In one embodiment, sef-adapting filter can be used based on hybrid card Thalmann filter (Kalman filter) and least-mean-square filter or recursive least-squares wave filter to remove mobile illusion in PPG signal.Can then use peak counting algorithm or power spectral density algorithm for estimating from the further feature cleaning/extract through filtering signal heart rate or heartbeat waveform.Or, Kalman filter or particle filter can be used to remove this little mobile illusion.

Can be Y=Y by heart rate signal model creation in order to calculate the other method of heart rate frequency _dc+ ∑ a _k* cos k θ+b _k* sin k θ, wherein k is the exponent number of harmonic component, and θ is the model parameter for heart rate.This model then can use extended Kalman filter or particle filter and be fitted to signal.This model utilizes following true: signal is also non-sinusoidal, therefore contains power at primary harmonic and multiple extra both harmonic waves place.

Or, can be Y=Y by signal modeling _dc+ ∑ a _k* sin (k*w _motiont+ θ)+∑ b _k* sin (k*w _hRt+ φ), wherein w _motiondirectly estimate from accelerometer signal (or another motion sensor signal).

Various technology can be used to improve motion compensation.Some in this little technology are presented in following sub-chapters and sections.

High bandpass filter

PPG signal tends to have the slow change owing to the reason (such as, breathe, in blood to measurement zone or leave the movement of measurement zone, change the user movement of the orientation of monitoring arrangement) except heart beating.Removed by carrying out high-pass filtering to PPG signal the performance that these slow conversion can improve sef-adapting filter before application self-adapting wave filter.Therefore, some embodiment provide and be placed in sef-adapting filter before high pass filter.See Figure 17.In some embodiments, the cut-off frequency location, highland as far as possible of high pass filter, but not higher than the minimal heart rate (for typical apply, it is approximately 40bpm) of expection, therefore HPF Cutoff can be placed in the somewhere about between 0.3Hz and 0.6Hz.

In some embodiments, high pass cut off frequency is through selecting the HRrest being approximately the previous detection of user, and described HRrest can be determined by multiple technologies.These situations comprise at least following situation.(1) she be waken up and still static in bed time measure user at once ¹heart rate.As described elsewhere, biometric monitoring arrangement can use other algorithm automatically to detect user's when sleeping/awakening.(2) measure the average heart rate of user when sleeping user.As an example, the HRrest of user can use the equation of such as quiet HR=sleep HR/0.83 to calculate from sleep heart rate.(3) heart rate of user is measured when user awakens and be static.Carry out in the daytime several times these measure and calculate these measure in the N percentage ratio (such as, N=10 or 5 or 2) of minimum measurement the good approximation of HRrest is provided.Between whole day active stage, the method for approximate HRrest can further in order to calculate the user at diverse location place ¹hRrest.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can calculate user and at work at home ¹hRrest.Except promoting the use in high pass filter, this information can show the trend of being in the passing of time and working in HRrest.

Can based on the level of activation setting high bandpass filter frequency of the detection of user.In this little embodiment, lowest desired heart rate based upon activities and different; The heart rate that such as most of user will have higher than about 50bpm when walking or run.Therefore, in certain embodiments, by using such as inertial sensor (such as, accelerometer), PPG processing logic infers that the activity of user dynamically adjusts the frequency cutoff of high pass filter.Along with the increase of the level of activation of user, as by motion decipher reasoning, correspondingly HPF Cutoff can be adjusted upward.In certain embodiments, when processing logic determines that user participates in walking, the cadence of itself and user, the height above sea level etc. of climbing increase HPF Cutoff pro rata.The example on this basis adjusted a bit is seen by the change of the heart rate of the normal users between running and walking, as shown in Figure 19.

Create spectrogram heart rate monitor and export (time domain-> frequency domain)

At the appropriate time of signal processing, processing logic converts time-domain signal to frequency-region signal, and it can be expressed as frequency versus time.Figure 18 presents the example of frequency-region signal.Although processing logic can use fast fourier transform to perform conversion, it is suitable that other technology can be.Example comprises wavelet transformation and cepstrum conversion.

Movement compensation process

Heartbeat waveform analysis logic can follow the tracks of the motion of user, as by device detect, and application self-adapting filtering is to remove from heart rate signal when the motion of user is periodic or to reduce motion artifact.In certain embodiments, accelerometer, gyroscope or acceleration is used to take into account gyroscope to measure motion artifact.

In certain embodiments, sef-adapting filter is applied to heartbeat waveform data doublely.In other words, the output of first pass sef-adapting filter is the input of second time sef-adapting filter.Although normally unnecessary, logic can run sef-adapting filter more than twice.The method can be used with both the fundamental frequency removing motion artifact and higher harmonics, as used such as measured by accelerometer.

When first pass, wave filter removes the fundamental frequency of motion artifact usually, and second time time, it removes second harmonic (or other lower-wattage harmonic wave).For example, user can 1Hz nominal rate walking to produce about 1Hz motion artifact in heartbeat waveform sensor signal.First pass sef-adapting filter this illusion removable, but be not that it is nominally the first harmonic of 2Hz, it can disturb the process of heartbeat waveform signal.Make " cleaning " heartbeat waveform signal second time through the second harmonic of the removable motion artifact of sef-adapting filter with further clean signal.In some embodiments, do not need clean further, because the frequency that higher harmonics have lower-wattage and/or are in away from heart rate signal compared with heart rate signal.

Figure 18 presents the example of the frequency domain heartbeat waveform sensor signal standing twice adaptive-filtering.The first half of figure shows non-filtered signal, and the latter half is illustrated in the same signal after twice adaptive-filtering.It should be noted that the motion artifact removing the frequency both high and lower than real heart rate signal.

Identify heartbeat waveform track

Heartbeat waveform track is the trace of the continuity point in fact (have few or do not have jump discontinuity) in units of frequency versus time of treated heartbeat waveform sensor output data.The point of trace can have the power density of relative constancy.

In certain embodiments, after use sef-adapting filter removes motion artifact, the power spectrum density of signal calculated.The peak value with crest amplitude may be selected to be the most possible estimation of Current heart rate.Or the technology as dynamic programming or multiple target tracking can in order to estimate the heart rate ' track ' in spectrogram when there is other track caused owing to motion and higher harmonics thereof.In all methods, one or many person in some technology can through implement to improve performance:

1. the expection of user minimum heart rate with measure relevant in the cadence of the user walked or run or other step.By using such as accelerometer to measure the cadence of user, heart rate monitor can set the lowest limit of the expection heart rate about user.This is in order to remove usually at many motion artifact correlation peaks that stability at lower frequencies occurs.Similar techniques can be applied to the speed (such as, the speed of step and other activity described herein trampled by stroke, bicycle) of other User Activity.

2. the minimum heart rate of the expection of the user of bike riding is relevant with the speed of user's bike riding and the gradient.By using step sensor, GPS or other velocity measurement sensor measuring speed, and use altimeter, GPS or other elevation carrection sensor measurement gradient, heart rate monitor can set the comparatively lower limit of the expection heart rate about user.This is in order to remove usually in many motion artifact that stability at lower frequencies occurs.

3. also can calculate based on the different characteristic (power etc. as in the standard deviation of general power, one or more axle, special frequency band) in accelerometer's signals compared with lower limit about expection heart rate.The higher standard deviation of higher total accelerometer power or one or more axle causes the relating to persons of the aggravating activities of higher heart rate with participation usually.

4. walk, to run or the minimum heart rate of user of bike riding maintains static heart rate also higher than user.This maintains static heart rate and can calculate when user is static or when he or she sleeps, and the comparatively lower limit (individually or additional another mechanism (such as, the minimal heart rate of the expection of the current active mode of user) for determining compared with lower limit) that can be used as about heart rate.

5. the activity pattern (as walking, running and bike riding) of user can calculate by other sensor (as inertial sensor) on operative installations automatically, or manually can be keyed in by user.

Determine the quality that heart rate is estimated

In certain embodiments, signal processing logic, by measuring the value of the power spectrum density of the output of heart beating trace compared with background power, calculates the quality that heart rate is estimated.This then can be provided to user as feedback by this monitor.Feedback can take various forms.In an example, it presents the confidence level about believing the degree that heart rate is estimated.In another example, it is provided for the instruction of the generation improving following heart rate measurement.For example, it can to present about user the need of the storing of adjusting device on health and compactness to reach the information of better signal.Other details is presented in the discussion of Figure 17.

For the example architecture of the motion compensation in heartbeat waveform sensor

Figure 17 presents the example architecture (and the process streams be associated) that multi-motion compensates heartbeat waveform sensor.In the example described, signal processing logic receives two input signals: (1) exports from the heartbeat waveform signal of such as PPG sensor 1703 and (2) motion detection sensor 1705.The frequency sample that can define is from the original output of heartbeat waveform sensor, and available buffer sample is for processing together.Similarly, sampling and storing moving signal.In certain embodiments, sample at rates heartbeat waveform sensor and/or the motion detection sensor output of 200Hz or about 20Hz to 60Hz is arrived with about 20.In certain embodiments, export with same frequency sampling heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor.In an example, two signals are sampled with 25Hz.Export and be rewritten a limited number of times stored in buffer 1707 and 1709 regardless of sampling rate.

In some embodiment (such as, embodiment depicted in figure 17), one or more is additionally inputted and is provided to motion compensation logic.In some embodiments, be additionally input as User Activity level or Activity Type, as the output inferred from input data of always autokinesis sensor or other sensor or detect from the manual setting that user carries out.The output from device sensors such as such as motion detection sensors can be used for this purpose.Depicted in figure 17 in framework, signal processing logic uses the current state of user (such as, fixed, participation is movable 1, participation activity 2 etc., sees frame 1733) and be sometimes referred to as the User Activity speed (see frame 1735) of step.In certain embodiments, the Activity Type/state of user is optional.Except maintaining static, the example of Activity Type comprises walking, running, bike riding etc.In some embodiments, device comprises cycle movement rate calculator, and it calculates cadence or other cycle movement speed of user.Place's periodic movement rate of various stages during the course.

In certain embodiments, can process individually through buffering heart rate and motion sensor output.In other embodiments, previously process together in movement compensation process through buffering heart rate and motion sensor output.In the design that the framework by Figure 17 uses, two are stood identical " pretreatment " operation (see frame 1711) through Buffer output sample.The example of this little pretreatment operation comprises bandpass filtering, high-pass filtering, low pass filtered involve noise reduction.As an example, by the wave filter of the slowly varying component removing output, filtering is carried out to the sample of two types, which introduce the challenge of signal processing, as explained above.In instances, two signals stand identical pretreatment, but it does not combine.

In certain embodiments, pretreatment frame 1711 is based on User Activity level as described above or Activity Type dynamically selective cut-off high-pass equipment.The input from 1733 and 1735 can be used for this purpose.As an example, the high pass cutoff corresponding to 42 times per minute several 0.7Hz that beat can be applicable to some User Activities but not be suitable for other User Activity.Therefore, in some embodiments, algorithm attempts the current active determining user, and selects the suitable cut-off frequency being used for described activity.In an example, algorithm exports from motion sensor the cadence that data determine user, and uses cadence to select suitable high pass cut off frequency.

Depicted in figure 17 in embodiment, signal processing logic cushions pretreated heartbeat waveform sensor signal in buffer 1713, and cushions pretreated motion sensor signal in buffer 1715.In certain embodiments, each buffer is preserved from about 1 to 40 seconds or from the data sample of about 5 to 20 seconds.In an example, the data of about 10 seconds preserved by buffer.

In certain embodiments, signal processing logic comprises the different channels for the different qualities process heartbeat waveform data based on data.The characteristic that this little characteristic can be depending on the deduction of user or user sets, described characteristic dynamically changes in some cases.The example of this little characteristic comprises User Activity type, User Activity level (such as, step or cadence), time of day, week period, position etc.Depicted in figure 17 in embodiment, characteristic is Activity Type and/or level (such as, cycle movement speed).As shown in the figure, movable logic of authentication frame 1717 receives the state (from frame 1733) of user and step (from frame 1735) the conduct input of user.Movable discriminating frame can be regarded as the form of multiplexer.Signal processing logic uses out of Memory in this information or other embodiment with selective channel.In some embodiments, logic is based on user's input selection channel of the user interface from device, and described user interface can be provided on biometric monitoring arrangement or auxiliary device.If device detects that user enters AD HOC (as " bike riding "), so processing logic can determine that the channel application of the activity for comprising bike riding is to process heartbeat waveform.In described embodiment, there are three channels: " static " channel, " first is movable " channel and " second is movable " channel.The example of active process channel comprises channel for walking/running, channel for the channel of taking exercise and/or the exercise (such as, bike riding, swimming, elliptical exercise, rock-climbing, tennis etc.) for particular type.Certainly, still-mode channel is inferred when the usual inertia of sensor output suggestion user.Usually, two or more channels can be there are.In certain embodiments, there are 2 to 20 channels or 2 to 10 channels or 2 to 5 channels.

In each in the channel, signal processing logic converts the time-domain signal obtained from sensor to frequency-region signal.In described embodiment, this situation completes in box 1719 place for still-mode channel, completes in box 1723 place for the first active channel, and completes in box 1725 place for the second active channel.

As an example, still-mode channel can be implemented as follows.First, still-mode is determined in the motion based on user.If user at nearest time window (such as, 5 minutes) period not yet move or only move a little, so user is considered as static for the object that process exports data through buffer sensor further by processing logic (such as, frame 1717).In this channel, there is not motion artifact in logic hypothesis, and therefore process is simplified compared with the process of other channel.

In some or all be executed in static channel in certain operations and one or more other " activity " channel:

A. execution fast fourier transform or other time domain can provide initial " estimation " of the heart rate of user to this situation of frequency domain transform.Before this conversion, carry out all process in the time domain.As mentioned, the frame 1719 of Figure 17 performs this operation in static channel.

B. identify from the heart rate track in the frequency spectrum designation of the output data through filtering of heartbeat waveform sensor.This process can be performed as described above.In certain embodiments, this situation is performed by the presumption heart rate track got rid of lower than the expection level of User Activity type.Under the situation of still-mode channel, this level is about 30 numbers of beating per minute.

C. the time variations heart rate of estimation is optionally made smoothly smoothly to export heart rate to provide.The many different smoothing filters that those skilled in the art can be used known perform level and smooth.Depicted in figure 17 in embodiment, rate signal smoothing of ceasing to be faithful when optional smoothing logic frame 1727 uses the input from frame 1733 (User Status) and 1735 (user's steps) to make.

D. in some embodiments, signal processing logic assesses " confidence level " of the heart rate value determined from movement compensation process.In the embodiment of Figure 17, this assessment of box 1729 labelling.As other places herein explained, confidence level can be determined by any one in various technology.In a method, it uses information contained in heartbeat waveform sensor; Such as, the signal to noise ratio of the output data of sensor.When low signal-to-noise ratio being detected, confidence level is low; When high s/n ratio being detected, confidence level is higher.

E. usual, signal processing logic is presented to user by the heart rate calculated and completes it to the process through buffering heart rate Wave data.See the box 1731 in Figure 17.In certain embodiments, the confidence level of the calculating in heart rate value and the heart rate that presents is presented to user by signal processing logic.In some cases, logic present heart rate value and for adjusting device position with the recommendation of confidence level in improving subsequent heart rate and calculating.As an example, logic can be advised wearable device more tightly or is worn on higher position on the forearm of user.

Heart rate information can be presented to user (visually, acoustically, sense of touch ground etc.).Information can be provided via biometric monitoring arrangement and/or the auxiliary device be associated (such as, pairing phone, table, computer or other blood processor).In some embodiments, information is provided via the design of " one-touch " heart rate monitor.See application in such as on January 1st, 2014 and the be incorporated herein by reference in full the 14/154th, No. 009 U.S. patent application case.

Then with reference to the first activity pattern channel, the example of the process for this pattern can be implemented as follows.At first, the first activity pattern is determined in the motion based on user.Many criterions can be used to determine the activity pattern of user.At minimum level, device should receive suggestion user participate in a certain activity and be not fixed sensor export.In typical embodiments, motion sensor exports shows that the limbs of user or user move with rational speed.Or processing logic can be dependent on the manual input from user, its indicating user participates in the first activity.It starts via the output data of the first active channel process through buffering, and no matter how signal processing logic (such as, frame 1717) determines that user participates in the first activity.In this channel, there is the motion artifact that should remove or reduce before calculate the heart rate of user in logic hypothesis.Otherwise Channel Processing can be implemented similarly with the Channel Processing of static channel.

First active channel can use sef-adapting filter remove from time-domain signal or reduce motion artifact.See the frame 1721 in the embodiment of Figure 17.In certain embodiments, sef-adapting filter is attempted to export data prediction heartbeat waveform sensor output data from motion sensor.Motion artifact during this situation determination heartbeat waveform sensor exports, because unique component that motion artifact two output signal is common.State in another way, sef-adapting filter deducts motion artifact from heart rate output signal and exports data to provide " cleaning " heart rate.The example of spendable adaptive-filtering comprises least means square and recurrence least square filtering.Optionally, processing logic makes clean heartbeat waveform output signal second time through sef-adapting filter, as explained above.The example of other movement compensating algorithm spendable comprises dynamic programming and multiple target tracking.As mentioned, movement compensation process can be used many twice again to heartbeat waveform signal.Motion sensor output for motion compensation can represent any one in the motion of multiple user's body.Example comprise Periodic iimb move (such as, walking, stroke, by bike time ankle rotate) and lower limb on aerobic machine (such as, stationary bike, sprint and elliptical machine) move.

Usually as described above, the further process of the heartbeat waveform signal in the first active channel can proceed static channel.But, identify that heart beating track can use more complex process.Hereafter can be used for the operation in the first active channel.

A. FFT or other frequency domain switch technology is used to export " estimation " that obtain user's heart rate from the time domain data from sef-adapting filter.See the frame 1723 for the position of this operation in the embodiment of Figure 17.

B. identify from the heart rate track in the frequency spectrum designation of the output data through filtering of heartbeat waveform sensor.See the frame 1724 in the embodiment of Figure 17.In certain embodiments, this situation is performed by the presumption heart rate track got rid of lower than the expection level of User Activity type.Under the situation of still-mode channel, this level is about 40 numbers of beating per minute.In some embodiments, logic creates or uses the expection heart rate frequency band being used for each Activity Type and/or level of activation, and for any given Activity Type, gets rid of all potential heart rate outside band.The User Activity type of deduction can be comprised in order to the example of information of definition band, the sensor of cadence and definition exports (the GPS speed such as, when bike riding, for altimeter change by bike).In certain embodiments, the fixed heart rate (previously determining) of user is greater than for the minimum heart rate band of any activity.

C. estimation is made smoothly smoothly to export heart rate to obtain.

D. assessment exports " confidence level " of heart rate.This process optionally uses the user movement as determined by various process.Its signal to noise ratio that can optionally use motion sensor to export.

E. the heart rate of calculating is presented to user.Can with for adjusting device position to improve the level of confidence of confidence level and/or to present this information together with recommending.Information can be presented to user (visually, acoustically, sense of touch ground etc.).Information can be provided via biometric monitoring arrangement and/or the auxiliary device be associated (such as, pairing phone, table, computer or other blood processor).In some embodiments, information is provided via one-touch feeding heart rate monitor design.See application in such as on January 1st, 2014 and the be incorporated herein by reference in full the 14/154th, No. 009 U.S. patent application case.

As mentioned, additional activities channel can be used, the channel be such as associated with the frame 1725 in Figure 17.In many embodiments, extra channel uses the change on the first active channel depicted in figure 17.Change can comprise the position on the border on the heart rate of minimum and max calculation, and how logic carries out filtering to the signal from heartbeat waveform sensor energetically.

Control logic is in order to implement heartbeat waveform process described herein, and it usually but be not necessarily positioned on body-building monitoring arrangement.Described control logic can be embodied as hardware, software, firmware or its any combination.Allegedly may provide instruction by " programming ".This programming is interpreted as and comprises any type of logic, comprises the hard-coded logic in digital signal processor and has other device of the special algorithm being embodied as hardware.Programming is also interpreted as to comprise and can be executed in software on general processor or firmware instructions.The data used by control logic when performing instruction described herein can by residing on device completely or partly reside on the storage such as the memorizer be associated, depositor (such as, cushioning) on pairing auxiliary device.The example of the suitable architecture for implementing control logic is hereafter presented referring to such as Figure 11 A to 11G, 12A to 12C, 13A to 13B and 14A to 14D.

In certain embodiments, control logic comprises processor, chip, card or plate or these combination, and it comprises the logic for performing one or more controlling functions.In certain embodiments, the instruction for controlling heartbeat waveform sensor is stored in the memory device be associated with body-building monitoring arrangement and is set up or provides via network.The example of suitable memory device comprises semiconductor memory, magnetic storage, optical memory etc.Computer program code for controlling heartbeat waveform sensor can be write by readable programming language such as any conventional computer such as such as assembler language, C etc.Being identified in a program with execution by object code or the script of processor execution compiling of task.

Cycle of operation in heartbeat waveform sensor

The economy system power by cycle of operation heartbeat waveform sensor during Rule Activity.Power is saved by turning off PPG sensor light source and/or photodetector and being reached by the operation reducing signal processing algorithm.Processing logic can duty cycle sensor light source to correspond to for the treatment of the cycle of operation of data.

Based on the active state determined, heart rate logic determines the frequency producing new heart rate readings.When being in the active state be associated with high body movement, logic can determine heart rate (such as, every a second) continually.But when not participating in vigorous physical activity, it more infrequently produces new heart rate readings.Because heart rate is estimated to require rated output spectral density (it needs the PPG data (such as, the data of about 5 to 15 seconds) in minimum duration), so cycle of operation logic should be guaranteed to connect sensor in minimum time.In some embodiments, cycle of operation can be implemented as follows:

1., once obtain enough samples to calculate heart rate estimation, just can turn off sensor (light source and photodetector) until ask next sample.

2., under the situation finding estimation on one's own initiative on screen user, cycle of operation can be turned off, and user sees the instantaneous renewal of heart rate.

If user participate in needing high-resolution (such as, 1 second resolution) as run or the body movement of bike riding, so again can turn off cycle of operation.

4. when user is not to require that the mode of frequent updating operates, device logic is changeable gets back to low-power mode, and low frequency (such as, once per minute) can measure heart rate.Even if when logic does not receive suggestion user to the interested input of reception renewal, infrequently heart rate measurement can be carried out and uses for long-term trend (such as a whole day).

5. in certain embodiments, use the device of cycle of operation can reduce the power consumed by LED light source and reach 75%, and the power that minimizing is consumed by signal processing algorithm reaches 90%.

Surround lighting and the colour of skin

Surround lighting and the colour of skin may make to be difficult to the heart rate from PPG signal extraction user.During by opening from PPG light source receive sensed light signal the value institute deducted when PPG light source is closed receive the value of sensed light signal and reduce the impact (assuming that two signals are the time acquisitions at close proximity each other) of surround lighting.

By the intensity changing PPG light source, the wavelength of light sent from light source and/or the impact reducing the colour of skin by using the ratio of the received signal corresponding to two different wave lengths or difference.Image etc. by use user's input (such as, user keys in its colour of skin), human face determines the colour of skin, and can then use the colour of skin to come calibration algorithm, light-source brightness, optical source wavelength and receptor gain subsequently.Also by the signal with known amplitude being sent to light source and then measuring the signal that receives from photoelectric detector to measure the colour of skin (and compactness of user's wearable device) to the impact of original PPG signal.This type of signal can send time cycle (so that via multiple expection heart beating capture data) of reaching prolongation and then be averaging to produce the steady statue data set not depending on heart rate.Can then by this amplitude compared with the class value be stored in table to determine that algorithm is calibrated, emitter amplitude and receptor gain.

The heart rate of heuristic is used to estimate to improve

After obtaining the initial estimation (such as, being estimated by peak counting or power spectral density) of heart rate, it can be used for applying boundary to the allowed speed of heart rate.Can for these boundaries of each user optimization, because each user will have unique heart rate overview.For example, its sitting heart rate can be estimated when each user maintains static, and lower limit when this can be used as user's walking.Similarly, as calculated from podometer 1/2nd of walk frequency can serve as expecting the good lower limit of heart rate.

Algorithm of heart rate can for each customization, and can learn the heart rate overview of user and be suitable for the behavior of user and/or characteristic to pass better expressively in time.For example, described algorithm can based on the historical data from user to the heart rate between given body active stage or walking rate setting boundary.This can provide better result when heart rate data is destroyed by noise and/or motion artifact.

HR quality metric

In another example embodiment, the signal quality metrics of heart rate/PPG signal can in order to provide the quantification of the accuracy/degree of accuracy of produced signal.Depend on this value of measuring, determine that the algorithm of the heart rate (or other PPG such as such as breathing derives tolerance) of user can take some action, comprise and allow user strain watchband, ignore some part of collected heart rate data (such as, there is the data segment of low quality metric), and some part of heart rate data is weighted (data such as, with better quality tolerance can give larger weight when calculating heart rate).

In one embodiment, can sending out signals quality metric as follows: draw scatter diagram, wherein x-axis is the time, and y-axis is the frequency of the peak value in the PPG signal of that given time.This strategy problem to be overcome is used to be may there is multiple and/or zero peak value at given time.Line of best fit is capture line sexual relationship in this scatter diagram.High-quality signal should have the one group of peak value being fitted to line (in short time span) well, and bad signal will have one group of peak value that can not be described well by line.Therefore, the good measure of the quality of PPG signal self is provided to the fit quality of line.

Sitting, sleep and activity classification tolerance

In another example embodiment, when device is determined user's sitting or be sleeping, biometric monitoring arrangement can use sensor to calculate changes in heart rate.Herein, biometric monitoring arrangement can higher rate sampling mode (relative to non-sitting cycle or the User Activity cycle exceeding predetermined threshold) operation sensor to calculate changes in heart rate.Biometric monitoring arrangement (or external device (ED)) can use changes in heart rate as the designator of health of heart or anxiety.

In fact, in certain embodiments, tensional level and/or the health of heart of user can be measured when user's sitting and/or sleeping (such as, as detected by biometric monitoring arrangement and/or determining) and/or determine to biometric monitoring arrangement.Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can use instruction changes in heart rate, skin pricktest response, skin temperature, body temperature and/or heart rate sensing data to determine the tensional level of user, health status (such as, the risk of fever or flu, outbreak, or progress), and/or health of heart.In this way, the treatment circuit of biometric monitoring arrangement can be determined and/or " baseline " tensional level of following the tracks of the user passed in time and/or the heart " health " passed in time.In another embodiment, described device can wherein user without motion, (or the motion of user is lower than predetermined threshold, such as when user be just seated, lie down, sleeping or be in Sleep stages (such as, deep sleep) time) one or more cycle during measure the physiological parameter of user.These data also can by biometric monitoring arrangement be used as nervous relevant parameter, health-related parameter (such as, the risk of fever or flu or outbreak), the response of health of heart, changes in heart rate, skin pricktest, skin temperature, body temperature and/or heart rate " baseline ".

Sleep to face and look

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically detect or determine that user is just attempting to fall asleep, fall asleep, sleeping and/or wake up from sleep cycle.In this little embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can use biosensor to obtain data, and the data processing circuit of biometric monitoring arrangement can make the heart rate of the sensor collection from biometric monitoring arrangement, changes in heart rate, breathing rate, skin pricktest respond, motion, skin temperature and/or temperature data combination relevant to detect or to determine whether user is just attempting to fall asleep, fall asleep, fall asleep and/or wake up from sleep cycle.Responsively, biometric monitoring arrangement such as can obtain physiological data (type as described herein and in mode as described herein) and/or determine the physiological condition (type as described herein and in mode as described herein) of user.For example, the minimizing of user movement or stopping in conjunction with the change of user's heart rate and/or changes in heart rate reduction can indicating user sleeping.Changes in heart rate and skin pricktest response follow-up change can then by biometric monitoring arrangement in order to determine the transformation of the sleep state of user between two or more Sleep stages (such as, changing more shallow and/or darker Sleep stages into).The change of the motion of user and/or the heart rate of rising and/or changes in heart rate can by biometric monitoring arrangement in order to determine that user wakes up.

In real time, window or batch processing can in order to determining waking, sleep and transformation between Sleep stages.For example, can time window (heart rate the beginning of described window raise and centre (and/or terminate) at described window time reduce) in measure the reduction of heart rate.Awakening is with Sleep stages can use motor message (such as, the exercise intensity of reduction) by hidden Markov model, heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin temperature, skin pricktest respond and/or the change of ambient light level is classified.Transition point is determined by changing some algorithm (such as, Bayes changes point analysis).In predetermined lasting time, reduce at least a certain threshold value by observing the heart rate of wherein user but be in user resting heart rate (its be such as observed user sleep time minimum heart rate) predetermined margin in cycle determine awaken and sleep between transformation.Similarly, by observe the heart rate of user increase to higher than the resting heart rate of user predetermined threshold on and determine to sleep and transformation between awakening.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be an assembly of the system for monitoring sleep, wherein said system comprises and is configured to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement and is suitable for the auxiliary device (such as, alarm clock) that is placed near sleeper.In some embodiments, described auxiliary device has in order to by receiving biometric monitoring arrangement to carry out safekeeping, the shape of communication and/or charging and machinery and/or magnetic interfaces.But described auxiliary device also can be common to biometric monitoring arrangement, such as without particular design to be physically situated between the smart phone connect with biometric monitoring arrangement.Can via wired communication interface or via wireless communication interface and such as the agreement such as bluetooth (comprising such as bluetooth 4.0 and the low-yield agreement of bluetooth), RFID, NFC or WLAN to provide the communication between biometric monitoring arrangement and auxiliary device.Auxiliary device can comprise the sensor in order to assisting sleep supervision or environmental surveillance, such as measure ambient light, noise and/or sound are (such as, to detect snoring), the sensor of temperature, humidity and air quality (pollen, dust, CO2, etc.).In one embodiment, auxiliary device can communicate with the external service of such as www.fitbit.com etc. or server (such as, personal computer).Can via wired (such as, Ethernet, USB) or wireless (such as, WLAN, bluetooth, RFID, NFC, honeycomb fashion) circuit and realize the communication with auxiliary device in order to transfer data to auxiliary device and/or to transmit the agreement of data from auxiliary device.Auxiliary device also can serve as in order to by data from such as www.fitbit.com or other service (such as, the data such as such as news, social networks renewal, Email, calendar notification) etc. external service or server (such as, personal computer, mobile phone, tablet PC) be sent to biometric monitoring arrangement and/or data be sent to the repeater of described external service or server from biometric monitoring arrangement.Can use the data from one or two device on one or two device or external service (such as, Cloud Server), perform the calculating of user's dormant data.

Auxiliary device can be equipped with display to show the data obtained by auxiliary device or the combination being sent to its data or the data from biometric monitoring arrangement, auxiliary device and/or external service by biometric monitoring arrangement, external service.For example, auxiliary device can show the data of the heart rate of indicating user, the total step number on the same day, activity and/or sleep realization of goal, the weather on the same day (measured by auxiliary device or reported for a position by external service) etc.In another example, auxiliary device can show the data relevant relative to the rank of other users with user, such as total all step numbers.In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be equipped with the data that display is obtained by the combination in biometric monitoring arrangement, auxiliary device, external service or described three sources with display.First device is equipped with in the embodiment waking warning (such as, vibrating motor, speaker) up wherein, and auxiliary device can serve as spare alarm (such as, using audio tweeter).Auxiliary device also can have interface (such as, display and button or touch screen) to create, to delete, to revise or to enable the alarm on first and/or auxiliary device.

Sensor-based ready mode

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically detect or determine whether it is attached to user, be placed in user and wears with it and/or by user.In response to detection or determine that biometric monitoring arrangement is not attached to user, is placed in user and wears with it and/or by user, biometric monitoring arrangement (or its selected portion) can be implemented or be placed in low-power operating mode, such as, optics heartbeat waveform sensor and/or circuit can be placed in lower-wattage or sleep pattern.For example, in one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise one or more photodetector (photodiode, optotransistor, etc.).If in given light intensity setting (such as, light relative to the light source by the part for biometric monitoring arrangement sends) under, one or more photodetector provides low inverse signal, and so data interpretation can be that indicating device is not worn by biometric monitoring arrangement.After this type of is determined, device can reduce its power consumption at once, such as by going back the operating condition of " stopping using " or adjustment anxiety and/or heart rate detection sensor and/or circuit (such as except other device circuit or display, by reduce light source and/or detector cycle of operation or inactive light source and/or detector, turn off device, display, and/or stop using or decling phase associated circuit or its part).In addition, biometric monitoring arrangement can periodically be determined (such as, once per second) whether nervous and/or heart rate detection sensor and/or associated circuits operating condition should be returned to normal operating condition (such as, light source, detector and/or associated circuits should turn back to normal manipulation mode for carrying out heart rate detection).In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can detect can after trigger event (such as, the motion of device detected (such as, data based on from one or more motion sensor) and/or detect via user interface user and input (such as, with biometric monitoring arrangement touch by, collide or stir mutual) after) at once recovers the operating condition of anxiety and/or heart rate detection sensor and/or associated circuits.In some related embodiment, object is saved for power, the default rate that its heart rate measurement is collected can be reduced to such as one-shot measurement per minute when User Activity degree is not high by biometric monitoring arrangement, and user can have and such as by promoting button, device is placed in the demand of pressing or produces the operator scheme measured with more rapid rate (such as, once per second).

Optical pickocff

In one embodiment, optical pickocff (source and/or detector) can be placed in the inside of biometric monitoring arrangement or skin side (that is, the side (hereinafter referred to " skin side ") of the contact of biometric monitoring arrangement, touching and/or user oriented skin).(see, such as, Fig. 2 A to 3C).In another embodiment, optical pickocff can be placed on one or more side of device, comprise skin side and device towards or be exposed to one or more side (ambient side) of surrounding.(see, such as, Fig. 6 A is to 7).

It should be noted that the data of a little optical pickocff since then can represent physiological data and/or environmental data.In fact, in one embodiment, optical pickocff provides, obtain and/or detect the information of the multiple sides from biometric monitoring arrangement, and whether tube sensor is not placed on one or many person in described multiple side.For example, optical pickocff can obtain the data relevant with the environment light condition of environment.

When optical pickocff is settled or be arranged in the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement, in operation, light source in biometric monitoring arrangement can be luminous on the skin of user, and responsively, the photodetector sampling in biometric monitoring arrangement, acquisition and/or the correspondence reflection detected from skin (and from body interior) and/or the light that sends.One or more light source and photodetector can by strengthening or optimize signal to noise ratio and/or in order to reduce or to minimize the array of power consumption of described light source and photodetector or pattern is arranged.These optical pickocff samplings, acquisition and/or detection physiological data, described physiological data can then treated or analyze (such as, by resident treatment circuit) with obtain represent such as user heart rate, breathing, changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO ₂), the data of blood volume, blood glucose, skin moisture and/or cutaneous pigmentation level.

Light source can send the light of one or more wavelength of the type specific to or be directed to physiological data to be collected.Similarly, fluorescence detector sampling, measurement and/or detect also specific to or be directed to the type of physiological data to be collected and/or one or more wavelength of (user's) physiological parameter that is to be assessed or that determine.For example, in one embodiment, send the light source (such as, sending the LED of the light of the wavelength had corresponding to green light spectrum) of the light of the wavelength had in green light spectrum and can provide with sampling, the photodiode of measuring and/or detect light is corresponding therewith response or reflection through location can in order to determine or to detect the data of heart rate.By contrast, send the light source of the light of the wavelength had in red spectral (such as, send the LED of the light of the wavelength had corresponding to red spectral) and send the wavelength had in infrared spectrum light light source (such as, sending the LED of the light of the wavelength had corresponding to IR spectrum) and can provide with sampling, the photodiode of response or reflection of measuring and/or detect this light through location can in order to determine or to detect SpO ₂data.

In fact, in certain embodiments, color or the wavelength of the light sent by light source (such as LED (or one group of LED)) can correct, adjustment and/or controls according to the predefined type of obtained physiological data or operating condition.Herein, the wavelength of light that sent by light source of adjustable and/or control is to optimize and/or to strengthen " quality " of the physiological data being obtained by detector and/or sample.For example, when the skin temperature of user or ambient temperature lower time, the color of the light sent by LED can be switched to green from infrared ray to strengthen the signal corresponding to cardiomotility.(see, such as Figure 11 D).

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise in shell window (such as, in order to temporarily examine, opaque window) to promote the light emission between optical pickocff and user.Herein, described window can be permitted on skin that light (such as, having selected wavelength) is issued to user by such as one or more LED and to be permitted the response of light or reflection via described window to back through to be undertaken sampling, measure and/or detecting by such as one or more photodiode.In one embodiment, the circuit relevant with sending and receive light can be placed in crust of the device inside and plastics or glassy layer (such as, being coated with infrared ray ink) or infrared lenses or wave filter (its permit infrared light by but the light disapproved in people's vision spectrum pass through) below or rear.In this way, the Transmission light of described window can not by human eye finding.

Biometric monitoring arrangement can use light pipe or other translucent construction to promote that light is transmitted into health and the skin of user from light source.(see, such as, Fig. 4 A is to 5).Thus, in certain embodiments, light can through a little light pipe thus or other translucent construction skin from light source oriented users.Scattered light from user's body can via identical or similar structures to the optical circuit returned in guiding biometric monitoring arrangement.In fact, the material that described translucent construction can use promotion low light to lose and/or optical design are (such as, translucent construction can comprise the lens promoting that light is collected, and the part usable reflectance material of translucent construction is coated with or is adjacent to reflecting material to promote the internal reflection of light in translucent construction), improve the signal to noise ratio of photodetector thus and/or promote to reduce the power consumption of light source and/or photodetector.In certain embodiments, light pipe or other translucent construction can comprise the material optionally launching the light (emission effciency is higher than the emission effciency of the light with other wavelength) with one or more specific or predetermined wavelength, serve as band filter thus.This quasi-belt ventilating filter can through tuning with the signal improving specific physiological data type.For example, in one embodiment, in-mold label or " IML " translucent construction can be implemented, wherein said translucent construction uses the material with predetermined or required optical characteristics to create specific bandpass characteristic, so that such as make infrared light by efficiency higher than the light (such as, there is the light of the wavelength in people's visible spectrum) with other wavelength.In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can use the translucent construction with optics opaque section (comprising some optical characteristics) and optical clear part (comprising the optical characteristics being different from optics opaque section).This type of translucent construction can provide via double injection or two step molding process, wherein optics opaque material and optically transparent material is injected into individually in mould.The biometric monitoring arrangement implementing this type of translucent construction can be depending on through the light direct of travel of translucent construction and comprises different optical transmission characteristics for different wave length.For example, in one embodiment, optics opaque material can reflect particular range of wavelengths more efficiently light is got back to photodetector (it can have the different wave length of the wavelength relative to sent light) from the health transmitting of user.

In another embodiment, catoptric arrangement can be placed in the visual field of optical transmitting set and/or photodetector.For example, the side with the skin that light is directed to user from optical transmitting set and/or the hole (or via perform this by way of the translucent construction of advancing) being directed to photodetector from the skin of user can cover in reflecting material (such as, chromium plating) to promote Transmission light.Reflecting material can increase then gets back to the efficiency of detector by light from light sources transmit to skin from skin transport.Available optical epoxy resin or other transparent material are filled reflexive coating hole and are still allowed with low transmission loss transillumination to prevent liquid access to plant main body simultaneously.

At enforcement translucent construction (such as, via IML create or formed structure) another embodiment in, this a little translucent construction can comprise the mask be made up of opaque material, and described opaque material limits one, the aperture of some or all of light source and/or detector.In this way, translucent construction optionally " define " by light emission to or detect the preferred volume of user's body of light from it.It should be noted that and can use in conjunction with the concept described herein and/or illustrate or implement other mask configuration; Set falling within the scope of the present invention is configured in order to such as to improve photoelectricity volume diagram signal and to cover in conjunction with all this that concept that is described herein and/or that illustrate is implemented.

In another embodiment, optical transmitting set and/or detector can be configured to via the hole in device outside or a series of holes utilizing emitted light.Available light transmitting epoxy resin (such as optical resin) fills this hole or this series of apertures.Epoxy resin can form light-guiding pillar, and it allows light to be transmitted into skin from optical transmitting set and to launch from skin and gets back to photodetector.This technology also has the following advantages: epoxy resin can form waterproof sealing, thus anti-sealing, perspiration or other liquid are by the hole access to plant main body on device outside, described hole allows optical transmitting set and detector that light emission is received light to biometric monitoring arrangement body exterior and from biometric monitoring arrangement body exterior.The epoxy resin with high heat conductance can in order to help prevent light source (such as, LED) overheated.

In any one in translucent construction as herein described, the exposed surface of optics (translucent construction) or apparatus main body can comprise hard japanning, hard dip-coating thing or optical coating (such as antireflection, anti-scratch, antifog and/or wavelength band stop (such as ultraviolet light stop) coating).This little characteristic or material can improve the operation of biometric monitoring arrangement, accuracy and/or durability.

Fig. 4 A illustrates the example of a potential PPG light source and photoelectric detector geometry.In this embodiment, two light sources are placed on arbitrary side of photoelectric detector.These three devices are arranged in the projection on the back side of wristband type biometric monitoring arrangement (the user oriented skin in its side).

Fig. 4 B and 4C illustrates the example with the PPG sensor of photoelectric detector and two LED light sources.These assemblies are positioned in the bossed biometric monitoring arrangement of tool on dorsal part.Light-pipe optics connects the surface of LED and photoelectric detector and user's skin.Side under the skin, from the light of light source from the blood scattering health, wherein some can scattering or reflect back in photoelectric detector.

Fig. 5 illustrates the example having and gather around the bossed biometric monitoring arrangement through optimizing PPG detector, and described projection has curved side in order to avoid make user not feel well.In addition, the surface of photoelectric detector and LED light being coupled to the light pipe of the skin of wearer is wavy to maximize LED and the luminous flux between photoelectric detector with light pipe is coupled.The end of the user oriented skin of light pipe is also wavy.This profile can make light focus on or defocus to optimize PPG signal.For example, described profile can make light emittedly to focus on a certain degree of depth and position that meet the region that blood flow may occur.The summit of these focuses can overlap or very close to make photoelectric detector receive the scattered light of maximum possible.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise concave surface or convex shape (such as lens) in the skin side of device, focuses on to make light and increases efficiency light being collected photoelectric detector from described point towards the designated volume at the certain depth place in skin.(see, such as, Fig. 4 A is to 5).When this type of biometric monitoring arrangement also uses light pipe with optionally and controllably route light, carry out moulding to the end of light-guiding pillar and make it have cylindricity to a certain degree (such as, nominally the end of light-guiding pillar can be the cylindrical surface (or its part) defined by the cylinder axis being parallel to skin side) can be favourable (such as, substituting the lens using axially symmetry).For example, in wrist carried biometric monitoring arrangement, nominally this type of cylindrical lens can make cylinder axis be parallel to the forearm of wearer through orientation, this measure can have restriction and to enter the amount of this lens-like light from the direction of the forearm being parallel to people and increase the effect of the amount entering this lens-like light from the direction of the forearm perpendicular to people, because with the direction of being covered by bandage (namely, forearm perpendicular to user) compare, surround lighting more never may be arrived sensor surveyed area by the direction (namely along the forearm axis of user) that the bandage of biometric monitoring arrangement covers, light is reduced from the emitter efficiency be sent to user's skin or wherein " spuious " light that to be detected by photoelectric detector or collect simultaneously by increasing and improves signal to noise ratio by this type of configuration.In this way, the signal being sampled by photoelectric detector, measure and/or detect is made up of less veiling glare and more user's skin/health response (representing the signal to light emitted response or data) light emitted to this.

In another embodiment, light transmitting epoxy resin can be molded as concave surface or convex shape so that also for sensor provides useful optical characteristics.For example, during coating light transmitting epoxy resin, translucent construction more effectively can be coupled to through being shaped as concave surface to make light in the top of the translucent construction formed by described epoxy resin.

In one embodiment, the assembly of optical pickocff can be positioned in the skin side of device, and through arranging or locating with the distance reduced or minimize (i) light source and/or be associated between detector and (ii) user skin.See such as Fig. 3 A, it provides the cross-sectional view of the sensor projection of example portable monitoring device.In figure 3 a, two light sources (such as, LED) be placed on photoelectric detector arbitrary side on to realize PPG sensing.Light-locking material is placed between light source and photoelectric detector and does not first exit the main body of biometric monitoring arrangement to prevent any light from light source from arriving photoelectric detector.To form sealing in the lower surface that flexible transparent layer can be placed on sensor projection.This clear layer can serve other function, such as, prevent liquid at the position access to plant placing light source or photoelectric detector.This clear layer can be formed via in-mold label or " IML ".Light source and photoelectric detector can be placed on flexible PCB.

This type of configuration can improve the luminous flux coupling efficiency between the assembly of optical pickocff and user's body.For example, in one embodiment, light source and/or the detector that is associated can be placed in flexibility or flexible substrate, described flexibility or flexible substrate deflection, thus allow the skin side (it can be made up of conforming materials) of biometric monitoring arrangement to meet (such as, without the need to extra process) or can through moulding (or compliance) with the body part meeting biometric monitoring arrangement and be coupled in the normal operation period or be attached to (such as, the hands wrist of user, hands arm, ankle and/or lower limb) shape, with make light source and/or be associated detector close to user skin (namely, almost gapless between the skin side and the neighbouring surface of user's skin of device.See such as Fig. 6 A.In one embodiment, light source and/or the detector that is associated can be placed on flat flexible cable (Flat Flex Cable) or " FFC " or flexible PCB.In this embodiment, flexible or flexible substrate (such as, FFC or flexible PCB) can be connected in device on it to be mounted with second substrate (such as, PCB) of other assembly (such as, data processing circuit).The optical module of differing heights can be installed to the difference " finger " of flexible substrate and through pressing or being fastened to case surface, optical module be flushed with case surface.In one embodiment, the second substrate can be relatively without flexible or inflexibility substrate, is fixed in device, it is mounted with other circuit and assembly (passive and/or active).

Fig. 3 C provides another cross-sectional view of example PPG Sensor Implementation.It should be noted that in this PPG sensor there is no projection.In addition, liquid gasket and/or used in pressure sensitive adhesive enter biometric monitoring arrangement main body to prevent liquid.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can be suitable for wearing or being carried on user's body.In some embodiments comprising optics heart rate monitor, device can be the such as wrist wearing type such as wrist-watch or bracelet or arm installing type ornament.(see, such as, Fig. 2 A is to 7).In one embodiment, in the inside that the optical element of optics heart rate monitor can be positioned at biometric monitoring arrangement or skin side, such as when biometric monitoring arrangement is worn in wrist towards the top (that is, optics heart rate monitor can be adjacent to and towards wrist) of wrist.(see, such as, Fig. 2 A to 3C).

In another embodiment, optics heart rate monitor can be positioned at the outside or ambient side of one or more of biometric monitoring arrangement on the surface.(see, such as, Fig. 6 B and 7).In this little embodiment, user can touch optical window (optical element of optics heart rate monitor is positioned at its rear) with the finger of phase backhand such as, with initial heart rate measurement (and/or other relevant with heart rate is measured, changes in heart rate) and/or collection can in order to determine the data of the heart rate (and/or other tolerance relevant with heart rate) of user.(see, such as, Fig. 6 B).In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement declines and triggering or initial measurement, such as, when the finger of user is placed on optical window by (suddenly) of the incident illumination in sense photodiode.Additionally or alternati, can by triggering heart rate measurement (or other this type of measure) based on ultrared proximity detector and/or capacitor-type touch/proximity detector (it can separate with other detector).This kind to can be placed in optical window based on ultrared proximity detector and/or capacitor-type touch/proximity detector or on it and/or functionally, electricity and/or be physically coupled to optical window to detect or to determine the existence of such as user's finger.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise button, and described button triggers when being pressed or initial heart rate measurement (and/or other tolerance relevant with heart rate).Described button can be placed in extremely to sentence close to optical window and facilitates user to press button when finger is placed on optical window.(see, such as, Fig. 7).In one embodiment, optical window can be embedded in and promote in button.Thus, when a user presses a button, it can trigger the measurement to the finger pressed the button.In fact, can give certain shape of button and/or press pressure resistance, its pressure distribution strengthening or optimize button opposing finger to provide high s/n ratio during measurement or data acquisition.In other embodiments (undeclared), biometric monitoring arrangement can be that intermediate plate, smooth object, suspension member, ankletbangle, band etc. are suitable for being worn on health, clip to or be installed to dress, leave in clothes (such as, in pocket) or the form that leaves in ornament (such as, handbag).

In a particular embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise projection in the skin side of device or inner side.(see, Fig. 2 A to 6A).When being coupled to user, the comparable peripheral devices main body of described projection is with engaging skin more energetically.In this embodiment, optical window or translucent construction (all discussing in detail above both it) can form a part for projection or be incorporated in projection.The optical transmitting set of optical pickocff and/or detector can be settled or be arranged in projection near window or translucent construction.(see, such as, Fig. 2 B and 6A).Thus, when being attached to the health of user, the comparable peripheral devices main body of window part of the projection of biometric monitoring arrangement uses the skin of engaging user more energetically, provides more firmly physical coupling thus between the skin and optical window of user.Namely, described projection can cause durable contact between biometric monitoring arrangement and the skin of user, it can reduce the amount of the veiling glare measured by photoelectric detector, the relative motion between reduction biometric monitoring arrangement and user, and/or provides the local pressure of the improvement to user's skin; All these can improve the quality of paid close attention to heart signal.It should be noted that described projection can containing other sensor benefited from the close proximity of user's skin and/or rigid contact.These sensors can except heartbeat waveform sensor or alternative heartbeat waveform sensor and being included, and comprise such as skin temperature transducer (such as, utilize join the optical window of the outer surface of projection or the contactless thermoelectric pile of thermal resistor to by hot epoxy resin), pulse oximeter, pressure transducer, EMG or skin pricktest response (GSR) sensor sensor.

Additionally or alternati, a part for the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise friction enhancing mechanism or material.For example, the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise multiple raised or sunken district or part (such as, small lugs, oncus, groove and/or pit).In addition, friction enhancing material (such as, such as siloxanes isogel sample material or other elastomeric material) can be placed in skin side.In fact, the device back side of being made up of gel also can provide friction, also improves users'comfort and prevents veiling glare from entering simultaneously.As noted above, friction strengthens mechanism or material can use individually or in conjunction with the bossed biometric monitoring arrangement of tool as described herein.Thus, biometric monitoring arrangement can in the jut of device or on comprise multiple raised or sunken district or part (such as, small lugs, oncus, groove and/or pit).In fact, this district raised or sunken a bit or part can be incorporated to/to be embedded in the window part of projection or on.Additionally or alternati, jut can such as, be made up of friction enhancing material (such as, siloxanes isogel sample material) or be coated with by described friction enhancing material.It should be noted that, the use of projection and/or friction by reduce biometric monitoring arrangement (and thus sensor) in operation (when especially user moves) relative to the skin of user motion and improve the accuracy of measurement of the data acquisition corresponding to some parameter (such as, heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin pricktest response, skin temperature, dye, heat flux, blood pressure, blood glucose etc.).

Some or all of the inside of biometric monitoring arrangement or skin side shell also can be made up of metal material (such as, steel, rustless steel, aluminum, magnesium or titanium).This type of configuration can provide structural rigidity.(see, such as, Fig. 2 B).In this type of embodiment, apparatus main body can through design to be low irritability by using low irritability " without nickel " rustless steel.It should be noted that use (at least in some position) at least slightly can be favourable containing the metal (such as, being ferrous rustless steel grade) of certain type ferrous.In this little embodiment, (wherein it comprises rechargeable energy source (such as to biometric monitoring arrangement, rechargeable battery)) can interconnect via adapter and charger, described adapter uses the magnet that is coupled to ferrous iron material and by itself tight to biometric monitoring arrangement.In addition, biometric monitoring arrangement also can use this magnetic properties engaged with base or docking station to promote data transmission.In addition, this type of shell can provide reinforced electric magnetic shield, and it will strengthen integrity and the reliability of optics heartbeat waveform sensor and heart rate data acquisition process/operation.In addition, skin temperature transducer such as can be thermally coupled to metal master with the temperature of sensing user by hot epoxy resin physical coupling.In the embodiment comprising projection, sensor can be positioned near projection or in projection with the thermal coupling of the rigid contact and localization that are provided to user's skin.

In a preferred embodiment, one or more assembly of optical pickocff (in one embodiment, it can be arranged in projection, and/or in another embodiment, it can flush with the surface of biometric monitoring arrangement with settling or place) seal (that is, preventing liquid from entering method/mechanism in the main body of biometric monitoring arrangement) via no leakage and be attached, fix, comprise and/or be fastened to biometric monitoring arrangement.Such as, in one embodiment, the device back side of being made up of metal (such as but not limited to rustless steel, aluminum, magnesium or titanium) or rigid plastics can provide enough hard with the structure of the water-tight sealing of the structural intergrity simultaneous adaptation sensor package of holdout device.(see, such as, Fig. 2 B to 3C).

In a preferred embodiment, the encapsulation of optical pickocff or module are connected to device by pressure sensitive adhesive and liquid gasket.See such as Fig. 3 C, it provides another cross-sectional view of PPG Sensor Implementation.It should be noted that in this PPG sensor there is no projection.In addition, liquid gasket and/or used in pressure sensitive adhesive are to prevent liquid access to plant main body.For example, if in optical sensor package/need firmer or more durable connection between module and apparatus main body, so also screw, rivet etc. can be used.It should be noted that the present embodiment also can use the marine glues such as such as GORE-TEX (Gore-Tex), o ring, sealant, oils and fats or epoxy resin, hydrophobic diaphragm by fastening for optical sensor package/module or be attached to biometric monitoring arrangement main body.

As discussed above, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise the material comprising high reflectance characteristic be placed on skin side or inner side, such as through polishing stainless steel, reflexive paint and through polishing plastic.In this way, skin can be reflected back into such as to improve the signal to noise ratio of optics heartbeat waveform sensor from the light of the skin side scattering of device.In fact, compared with the apparatus main body back side of nonreflective (or less reflexive), this increases input optical signal effectively.It should be noted that, in one embodiment, the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or the color of inner side can through selecting to provide some optical characteristics (such as, reflecting light that is specific or predetermined wavelength), to improve the signal about some physiological data type.For example, when the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or inner side are green, are attributable to the preferred emission of the light of the wavelength corresponding to green light spectrum and strengthen the measurement of heart rate.When the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or inner side are red, are attributable to the preferred emission of the light of the wavelength corresponding to red spectral and strengthen SpO ₂measurement.In one embodiment, can revise, adjust and/or control the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or the color of inner side according to the predefined type of obtained physiological data.

Figure 11 A describes the example schematic block diagram of optics heartbeat waveform sensor, wherein light sends from light source towards the skin of user, and this light is sensed from the reflection of the skin/body interior of user by photodetector, the signal from photodetector passes through A/D converter (ADC) digitized subsequently.The intensity (such as, via intensity of light source control module) of light source can be revised to maintain desirable reflected signal strength.For example, the intensity of light source can be reduced to avoid the output signal from photodetector saturated.As another example, the intensity of light source can be increased the output signal from photodetector to be maintained within the scope of required output valve.It should be noted that, the ACTIVE CONTROL of system can via linear or nonlinear control method (such as, proportional-integral-differential (PID) control, fixed step size control, predictability control, neutral net, delayed, etc.) realize, and also can use from device other sensor derive information (such as move, skin pricktest response, etc.).There is provided Figure 11 A for illustration of but not the embodiment of this little system be limited to the ADC that is such as integrated in MCU or use MCU in this respect.Other embodiment may comprise use one or more inner or outside ADC, FPGA, ASIC, etc.

In another embodiment, the use that the system with optics heartbeat waveform sensor can be incorporated to sampling and holding circuit (or equivalent) with turn off or decay light source to save power time maintenance photodetector output.In the vital embodiment of relative changes (such as, heart rate measurement) that photodetector exports wherein, sampling and holding circuit can maintain accurately copying of the output of photodetector.In some cases, sampling and maintenance can be simplified as such as diode (such as, Schottky diode) and capacitor.The output of sampling and holding circuit can present to analogue signal regulating circuit (such as, sarin-Ji (Sallen-Key) band filter, level shifter, and/or gain circuitry) with regulate and amplify the signal in concern frequency band (such as, for heart or respiratory function, 0.1Hz to 10Hz), it can then by ADC digital.See such as Figure 11 B.

In operation, such as those have removed DC and the low frequency component of signal at the circuit topology of circuit topology as herein described (such as sampling and holding circuit), and help resolve with heart rate and/or breathe relevant AC component.Embodiment also can comprise the analogue signal regulating circuit for variable gain setting, and it can through controlling to provide suitable signal (such as, unsaturated).The Performance Characteristics (such as, the climb rate and/or gain band width product) of light source, photodetector and/or sampling and maintenance and power consumption can be significantly higher than analogue signal regulating circuit to realize the rapid operation circulation of light source.In certain embodiments, the power being supplied to light source and photodetector can control with the power being supplied to analogue signal regulating circuit to provide excess power to save individually.Alternatively or in addition, circuit can use and such as enable, to stop using and/or the functional power that realizes such as shutdown is saved.In another embodiment, the output of photodetector and/or sampling and holding circuit can except analogue signal regulating circuit or alternative analogue signal regulating circuit and carry out sampling to control the physiological parameter (such as, when analogue signal regulating circuit is not yet stablized after changing light intensity and setting) that the light intensity of light source or measurement pay close attention to by ADC.It should be noted that therefore in certain embodiments, the reference voltage of adjustable ADC and/or gain are with enhancing signal quality and/or can carry out sampling to ADC because the physiological signal paid close attention to is usually little relative to the intrinsic resolution of ADC.In another embodiment, device is by such as crossing the reference voltage and/or gain that sample, adjust ADC or the output using high resolution A/D C and numeric only sampling and holding circuit.See such as Figure 11 C.

PPG DC removes technology

In another embodiment, sensor device can be incorporated to difference amplifier to amplify the relative changes of the output of photodetector.See such as Figure 11 F.In certain embodiments, digital averaging or digital low-pass filtering signal can be deducted from the output of photodetector.This can then be exaggerated through amendment signal, and it is by ADC digital subsequently.In another embodiment, the average or analogue low pass filtering signal of simulation can be deducted via such as using sampling and holding circuit and analogue signal regulating circuit from the output of photodetector.The power being supplied to light source, photodetector and difference amplifier can control to improve power individually and save with the power being supplied to analogue signal regulating circuit.

In another embodiment, a signal (voltage or electric current can be deducted from original PPG signal, depend on particular sensor embodiment) any biased with what remove in original PPG signal, and therefore increase the gain of such as, PPG signal containing heart rate (or other loop parameter, changes in heart rate) information or amplify described PPG signal.This signal can be set to default value in the factory, is set to a value based on the particular skin reflexive of user, absorption and/or color, and/or can be depending on from ambient light sensor feedback or depend on the analysis of PPG signal self and change.For example, if determine that PPG signal has large DC and offsets, so can deduct constant voltage to remove DC skew and to realize larger gain from PPG signal, therefore improve PPG signal quality.In this example, DC skew can result from from PPG light source and arrive the surround lighting (such as, from the sun or from room lighting) of photoelectric detector or the light from PPG source reflection.

In another embodiment, difference amplifier can in order to measure difference between current and previous sample but not the value of each signal.Because the value of each sample is usually much bigger than the difference between each sample, measures so larger gain can be applied to each, therefore improve PPG signal quality.Then described signal can be integrated to obtain original time domain signal.

In another embodiment, optical detector module can be incorporated to the transimpedance amplifier level with variable gain.This type of configuration can be avoided or minimize because of bright surround lighting and/or the bright light of launching from light source saturated.For example, the gain of transimpedance amplifier automatically reduces by the rheostat in the negative feedback paths of transimpedance amplifier and/or one group of multiplexed resistor.In certain embodiments, device is by carrying out Modulation and Amplitude Modulation to the intensity of light source and the few optics shielding then carrying out demodulation (such as, synchronous detecting) to the output of photodetector and be incorporated to from surround lighting.See such as Figure 11 E.In other side, if surround lighting has enough brightness to obtain heart rate signal, so light source can reduce brightness and/or turn off completely.

In another embodiment, use aforementioned processing technology with the physiological parameter of optical measurement user capable of being combinedly.See such as Figure 11 G.This topology can allow system with low-power measurement state and circuit topology (at where applicable) operation and optionally be suitable for higher-wattage measuring state and circuit topology.For example, system can user maintain static or sitting time the physiological parameter that uses analogue signal regulating circuit to measure to pay close attention to (such as, heart rate) to reduce power consumption, but the sampling type of crossing be directly switch to when User Activity photodetector exports samples.

Biometric monitoring arrangement comprises in the embodiment of heart rate monitor wherein, and processing signals can comprise filtering and/or Signal Regulation to obtain heart rate measurement, such as bandpass filtering (such as, Butterworth (Butterworth) filtering).For large transition contingent in offseting signal and/or the convergence improving described filtering, the such as nonlinear method such as neutral net or climb rate restriction can be used.Data (such as motion, skin pricktest response, skin temperature etc.) from the sensor on device can in order to adjust the Signal Regulation method used.Under specified operating conditions, by count the number of the signal peak in time window or by utilizing the fundamental frequency of signal or second harmonic (such as, via fast fourier transform (FFT)) and measuring the heart rate of user.In other cases, the heart rate data such as obtained when user movement, can perform FFT to extracted signal and spectrum peak, it can then be processed by multiple target tracking device (it, continue, merge and delete the tracking to described frequency spectrum) subsequently.In certain embodiments, one group of similar operations can be performed to motor message, and export and can differentiate in order to carry out activity (such as, sitting, walking, running, sleep, lie down, be seated, by bike, typewriting, elliptical exercise, body weight train), it is in order to auxiliary multiple target tracking device.For example, may determine that user maintains static and started mobile.This Information Availability is partial to increase frequency preferentially to make tracking continuation part.Similarly, movable descriminator can determine that user has stopped running or just more slowly running, and this Information Availability is partial to reduce frequency preferentially to make tracking continuation part.Available single sweep or many scanning multiple target tracking device topological realization are followed the tracks of, such as JPDA tracker, multiple hypotheis tracking, immediate neighbor, etc.Estimation in tracker and prediction can be completed via Kalman filter, spline regression, particle filter, Interacting Multiple Model Algorithm etc.Follow the tracks of selector module can use from the output trajectory of multiple spectra tracker and the heart rate of estimating user.Described estimation can be taken as maximum likelihood track, track contrast its be the weighted sum etc. of the probability of heart rate.In addition, movable descriminator can affect the selection and/or fusion that obtain heart rate estimation.For example, if user sleeps, is seated, lies down or sitting, so prior probability may be partial to the heart rate in 40 to 80bpm scopes; And if user runs, jogs or carry out other strenuous exercise, so prior probability may be partial to the heart rate of the rising in 90 to 180bpm scopes.The impact of movable descriminator can based on the speed of user.When user does not move, estimate the fundamental frequency (or being obtained by it completely) can shifting to signal.The criterion that can change based on indicative of active selects the track corresponding to user's heart rate; For example, if user walks from maintaining static, so can illustrate towards the track of the skew of upper frequency by prioritizing selection.

The acquisition of good heart rate signal can be indicated to user via biometric monitoring arrangement or with the display that biometric monitoring arrangement carries out on another device (such as, being equipped with the low-energy mobile phone of bluetooth) of wired or wireless communication.In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise S meter, and it is represented by the pulse of the LED that can be inspected by user.Pulse can through timing or relevant with consistent with the heart beating of user.The intensity of LED, pulse rates and/or color can through amendment or adjustment to imply signal intensity.For example, comparatively bright LED intensity can represent stronger signal or be in RGB LED and configures, and green LED can represent stronger signal.

In certain embodiments, the intensity of heart rate signal is determined by the energy (such as, quadratic sum) of signal in the frequency band of such as 0.5Hz to 4Hz.In other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can have can be incorporated to or construction to the strain gauge in shell and/or belt, pressure transducer, force transducer, or other contact indication sensor (biometric monitoring arrangement be attached to belt (as wrist-watch, bracelet and/or arm straps) or in those embodiments of installing with belt (it then can be fastened to user)).Can individually based on from these touch sensors data or combine carry out compute signal quality metrics (such as, heart rate signal quality) from the data of heart rate signal.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can monitor heart rate to be optically via photodetector array (grid of such as photodiode or CCD camera).Can via to the signature tracking of skin and/or use acceleration to take into account gyrostatic adaptive motion to correct and follow the tracks of the motion of Optical devices relative to skin.Detector array can offset little distance with contact skin or from skin.(such as, passing through motor) detector array and associated optics thereof can be controlled on one's own initiative to maintain the stabilized image of target and to obtain heart rate signal.Can use and realize this optical-mechanical stabilisation from the information of motion sensor (such as, gyroscope) or characteristics of image.In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can use and illuminate the relevant of skin or incoherent light source and photodetector array (wherein each photoelectric detector (thus obtains so-called spot pattern with for comparing intensity between adjacent detector, it can use multiple image trace technology to be followed the tracks of, such as light stream, template matching, Edge track etc.) comparator be associated) implement relative motion eliminate.In this embodiment, the light source for optics heart rate monitor can be different from for the light source of motion tracking.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be made up of multiple photoelectric detector of the surface distributed along device and luminous organ (photoemitter), the skin (that is, the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement) of described device touching user.(see, such as, Fig. 2 A to 6A).For example, in the example of bracelet, the multiple photoelectric detector and luminous organ that are placed on along each site of belt internal circumference can be there is.(see, such as, Fig. 6 A).The heart rate signal quality metric be associated with each site can as calculated with the best site of the best or a group determining estimating user heart rate.Subsequently, some in described site can be stopped using or turn off such as to reduce power consumption.Device periodically can check that the heart rate signal quality at some or all places in described site is to strengthen, to monitor and/or to optimize signal and/or power efficiency.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise heart rate monitor system, it comprises such as optics, acoustics, pressure, electricity (such as, ECG or EKG) and multiple sensor such as motion, and merge from both or both the above information in these sensors to provide the estimation of heart rate and/or to alleviate by the noise of exercise induced.

Except heart rate monitor (or other biometric monitor) or alternative heart rate monitor (or other biometric monitors), in certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise optical pickocff expose to follow the tracks of or to detect ultraviolet light based on optical condition, all time of exposing of outdoor optical and persistent period, the type of light source and the persistent period of light source and intensity (fluorescent light exposes, incandescent light exposes, halogen, etc.), to the exposure (based on light type and blink speed) of TV, user in indoor still in outdoor, time of day and position.In one embodiment, the reverse bias LED emitter that ultraviolet light detecting sensor can be photodetector by driving forms.For example, the electric capacity (or alternatively, parallel capacitance) that the feature of photoelectric current that detector produces thus can be to measure LED discharges the time spent.

The all optical pickocffs discussed herein can use in conjunction with other sensor with the detection improving data as described above or the detection in order to the physiology or environmental data of strengthening other type.

When biometric monitoring arrangement comprises audio frequency or passive acoustic sensor, device can contain one or more passive acoustic sensor, and it detects sound and pressure and can including but not limited to mike, piezoelectric film etc.Acoustic sensor can be placed on one or more side of device, comprise touching or towards the side (skin side) of skin and the side (ambient side) of Environment Oriented.

Skin side acoustics or audio sensor can detect the sound of any type sent via health, and this little sensor can by the noise optimizing this little sensor when array of both power consumptions or pattern and arrange.These sensors can detect breathing (such as, by listening attentively to lung), Breathiness (such as, breathe, snore) and problem is (such as, sleep apnea, etc.), heart rate (listening attentively to heart beating), user voice (sound via sending from vocal cords through health).

Biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention also can comprise skin pricktest response (GSR) circuit with the response of the skin measuring user to emotion and physical stimulation or physiological change (such as, the transformation of Sleep stages).In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be wrist or arm installing type device, and it is incorporated to the belt be made up of conductive rubber or fabric and can be hidden in belt to make skin pricktest respond electrode.Because skin pricktest response circuit may stand changing temperature and environmental condition, so it also can comprise the circuit realizing automatic calibration, such as or two or more changeable reference resistor of connect in parallel with application on human skin/electrode path, its permission to the real-time measurement of known resistance device to characterize the response of skin pricktest response circuit.Reference resistor can connect and disconnect to make side by side to measure it independently and/or with the resistance of application on human skin in measuring route.

For performing the circuit of PPG

PPG circuit can through optimizing to obtain best quality signal, and have nothing to do in multiple environmental condition, including but not limited to motion, surround lighting and the colour of skin.Following circuit and technology can optimize (see Figure 16 A to 16J) in order to perform this;

-can be used for sampling and holding circuit and the difference/instrument amplifier of PPG sensing.Output signal for reference between the current of given voltage and previous sample through amplifying difference.

-in order to " to be biased " controlled current source of electric current in the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier.This allows in the larger gain of transimpedance amplifier level place application.

-for being applied to sampling and the holding circuit of the current feedback of photodiode (before transimpedance amplifier).This can be used for surround lighting and removes, or " being biased " electric current removes, or is used as pseudo-differential amplifier (may need double track).

-have surround lighting eliminate difference/instrument amplifier.

-compensate the photodiode of the electric current dynamically produced by DAC.

-compensate the photodiode of the electric current dynamically produced by controlled voltage source.

-use the surround lighting of " switched capacitor " method to remove.

-compensate the photodiode of the electric current (also having come by constant voltage source and resistor) produced by constant current source.

-surround lighting removes and differencing between continuous sample.

Figure 16 A illustrates and can be used for the sampling of PPG sensing and the example schematic of holding circuit and difference/instrument amplifier.Output signal in this type of circuit can be with reference to the current sample of given voltage and previously between sample through amplifying difference.

Figure 16 B illustrates the example schematic using controlled current source " to be biased " circuit of the PPG sensor of electric current in the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier.This allows in the larger gain of transimpedance amplifier level place application.

Figure 16 C illustrates the example schematic being used for the use sampling of PPG sensor and holding circuit and being used for the circuit of the current feedback being applied to photodiode (before transimpedance amplifier).This circuit can be used for surround lighting and removes, or " being biased " electric current removes, or is used as pseudo-differential amplifier.

In the 61/946th of application on February 28th, 2014, the various circuit relating to the heart rate measurement using PPG sensor and concept is discussed more in detail in No. 439 U.S. Provisional Patent Application cases, described U.S. Provisional Patent Application case was previously incorporated to way of reference in " cross reference of related application " part, and relative to for the heart rate measurement carried out with PPG sensor and this type of measures (such as), surround lighting saturated with compensation sensor and the circuit of the colour of skin, the content of method and system is incorporated herein by reference again for performing.

Biometric feeds back

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can provide feedback based on one or more biometric signal to user.In one embodiment, PPG signal can be used as in real time or close to real-time waveform on the display of biometric monitoring arrangement (or on the display of the auxiliary device communicated with described biometric monitoring arrangement) present to user.This waveform can provide the feedback similar with the waveform be presented on ECG or EKG machine.Except provide to user can in order to estimate the PPG signal of various cardiac measure (such as, heart rate) instruction outside, described waveform also can provide feedback, and described feedback can make user can optimize its position of wearing biometric monitoring arrangement and pressure.For example, user can see that waveform has short arc.In response to this, user can attempt the position of biometric monitoring arrangement to move to the diverse location providing higher amplitudes signal.In some embodiments, indicate based on this, biometric monitoring arrangement can provide instruction to user to move or to adjust the fit of biometric monitoring arrangement to improve signal quality.

In another embodiment, the feedback of the quality about PPG signal can be provided to user via the method being different from display waveform.If signal quality (such as signal to noise ratio) exceedes a certain threshold value, so biometric monitoring arrangement can send audio alarm (such as buzzer).Biometric monitoring arrangement can by visual cues (such as, via using display) be supplied to user to change the position of sensor and/or to increase the pressure (such as, passing through tension wrist strap when device is worn in wrist) of wearable device.

Can biometric be provided to feed back for the sensor being different from PPG sensor.For example, if device uses ECG, EMG or is connected to the device of any one performed in these, so it can provide feedback about the waveform from those sensors to user.If the signal to noise ratio of these sensors is low or signal quality is impaired because of other reason, so can indicating user its how can improve described signal.For example, if heart rate can not be detected from ECG sensor, so device can provide visual message to user, indicate its moistening or ECG electrode of getting wet to improve signal.

Environmental sensor

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can use in following environmental sensor one, some or all such as obtain environmental data, comprise the environmental data summarized in the following table.This little biometric monitoring arrangement is not limited to number or the type of the sensor of hereafter specifying, and can use other sensor obtaining the environmental data summarized in following table.All combinations of environmental sensor and/or environmental data and arrange set falling within the scope of the present invention.In addition, device can export statistical conversion environmental data from respective sensor, but is not limited to its environmental data type that can derive from described sensor.

It should be noted that the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can use one or many person in one or many person in environmental sensor as herein described or biosensor whole and as herein described or whole.In fact, biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can use any sensor that is known or that develop after a while now to obtain any one in environmental data as herein described and physiological data or all, it is all set falls within the scope of the present invention.

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise the altimeter sensor being such as placed in or being positioned at crust of the device inside.(see, such as, Figure 12 B and 12C; Figure 12 C illustrates the example of the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement of the position sensor having biosensor, environmental sensor and be connected to processor).In the case, crust of the device can have vent, its any change allowing device internal measurement, detection, sampling and/or experience external pressure.In one embodiment, vent can anti-sealing access to plant, promotes the change via altimeter sensor measurement, detection and/or sampling pressure simultaneously.For example, the outer surface of biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise vent type configuration or framework (such as, Gore ^tMvent), it allows surrounding air to move into and the shell (it allows the change of altimeter sensor measurement, detection and/or sampling pressure) of moving-out device, but reduces, prevents and/or minimize in the shell of water and other liquid flow auto levelizer.

In one embodiment, altimeter sensor gel available is filled, and described gel allows the pressure change of sensor experience outside gel.Gel can serve as relatively impermeable, incompressible and flexible barrier film, and external pressure change is transmitted into altimeter simultaneously physically transport disengaging height meter (and other intraware) and external environment condition by it.Use gel-filled altimeter can when use or not environment for use sealing vent to provide the environmental conservation of higher level to device.Device can be at gel-filled altimeter has comparatively high viability (survivability rate) including but not limited in the position of upper/lower positions: have the position of high humility, washing machine, dish-washing machine, dryer, vaporium or sauna chamber, shower, pond, bathtub and device and may be exposed to dampness, be exposed to liquid or be immersed in any position in liquid.

Sensor integration/signal processing

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can use data from two or more sensors to be calculated as follows corresponding physiology seen in table or environmental data (such as, capable of being combined use the data from two or more sensors to determine the tolerance of the tolerance such as hereafter listed).Biometric monitoring arrangement can including but not limited to the number of the sensor of hereafter specifying, type or combination.In addition, this little biometric monitoring arrangement can derive from respective sensor combination the data comprised, but is not limited to number or the type of the data that can go out from respective sensor combination calculation.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement also can comprise near-field communication (NFC) receiver/transmitter the proximity of another devices such as such as mobile phone to be detected.When making biometric monitoring arrangement close to the second device or reaching with the second device detected nearness, it can trigger and start on the second device new functionalized (such as, start " application program " on mobile phone and make physiological data radio synchronization from described device to the second device).(see, such as, Figure 10).In fact, biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can implement the U.S. Provisional Patent Application case 61/606 of application on March 5th, 2012,559 (" near field communication system and operational approach (Near Field Communication System; and Method of Operating Same) thereof ", inventor: James Parker (James Park), its content is incorporated herein by reference for this this object) described in and/or any one in the circuit that illustrates and technology.

Figure 10 illustrates the example of the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement it with bicycle application program, and described bicycle application program can show step and other tolerance of bicycle speed and/or pedal.When biometric monitoring arrangement is close to passive or active NFC labelling, described application program can be started.This NFC labelling can be attached to the handlebar of user.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise position sensor (such as, GPS circuit) and heartbeat waveform sensor (such as, photoelectricity volume diagram circuit) to produce GPS or location dependent data and heart rate related data respectively.(see, such as, Figure 12 B and 12C).Biometric monitoring arrangement then can merge, process and/or combine data from these two sensor/circuit such as to determine according to physiological data (such as, heart rate, anxiety, level of activation, amount of sleep and/or calorie take in), relevant and/or " mapping " geographic region.In this way, biometric monitoring arrangement identifiable design increases or reduces to measure the geographic region of user metric (taking in including but not limited to heart rate, anxiety, level of activation, amount of sleep and/or calorie).

Additionally or alternati, some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can use GPS related data and photoelectricity volume diagram related data (to it should be noted that, each wherein can think data flow) come determine the heart rate of user according to level of activation (such as, as determined by the acceleration of user, speed, position and/or travel distance (as measured by GPS and/or determining from GPS related data)) or make it be correlated with.(see, such as, Figure 12 B and 12C).Herein, in one embodiment, the heart rate that can become with speed for user " plotting ", or described data can be analyzed to varying level, including but not limited to sleep, tranquillization, sitting, moderately active, activity, and high activity.

In fact, some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement also can make GPS related data relevant to the data base of predetermined geographic locality (having the activity associated with it for one group of predetermined condition).For example, activity is determined and corresponding physiological classification (such as, heart rate classification) can comprise and makes the GPS coordinate of user (position corresponding to exercise device, health club and/or gymnasium) relevant to physiological data.In these cases, automatically can measure and be presented at the user's heart rate during such as gymnasium body-building.It should be noted that many physiological classifications based on GPS related data, can comprise position, acceleration, height above sea level, distance and/or speed.This type of data base comprises geodata, and can compile, physiology data and/or be stored on biometric monitoring arrangement and/or external computing device.In fact, in one embodiment, user creatable himself location database or interpolation or location revision data base to classify better, it is movable.

In another embodiment, user can wear multiple biometric monitoring arrangement (having any one in feature as herein described) simultaneously.The biometric monitoring arrangement of this embodiment can use wired or wireless circuit to communicate with one another or communicate with remote-control device, calculates or calculate inaccurate biometric or physiology quality or amount, such as pulsation conduction time with calculated example as being otherwise difficult to.The use of multiple sensor also can improve accuracy that biometric measures and/or degree of accuracy makes its accuracy being better than single-sensor and/or degree of accuracy.For example, waist, wrist and ankle have biometric tracking means and can improve the detection (situation than the single assembly in the one only in those positions) that user is taken a step.Can in a distributed manner or the centralized approach measurement that executive signal process makes moderate progress with situation about providing than single assembly on biometric tracking means.Also can this signal processing of long-distance support and after the treatment pass on get back to biometric tracking means.

In another embodiment, heart rate or other biometric data can be made to be related to the food daily record (daily record of the food that user absorbs, its nutritional contents and part thereof) of user.Food journal entries can automatically key in food daily record or can by user itself via with biometric monitoring arrangement (or the auxiliary or remote-control device communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement, such as smart phone, or some other device, the such as servers to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement) mutual and key in.User can be presented to about the information of user's body to the biometric reaction that one or more food inputs.For example, if user drinks coffee, so thus its heart rate may rise due to coffee.In another example, the major part of food if user takes food at dead of night, so it may spend the longer time to fall asleep than usual.Food input in biometric can be incorporated in this type of feedback system with any combination of corresponding result.

The fusion of food intake data and biometric data also can make some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can estimate the glucose level of user.This may be particularly useful for the user suffering from diabetes.By the algorithm of the activity (such as walking, running, caloric burn) and nutrition intake that relate to glucose level and user, biometric monitoring arrangement can advise when it may have abnormal blood sugar level to user.

Processing tasks is entrusted

The embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise one or more processor.For example, stand-alone utility processor can be obtained by one or more sensor processor (processing the processor of the data from physiology, environment and/or activity sensor) and the application program of sensing data of process in order to store and to perform to utilize.When there is multiple sensor wherein, also may there is multiple sensor processor.Application processor also can have the sensor being directly connected to it.Sensor and application processor can be used as independent discrete chip to be existed or is present in identical in packaged chip (multi-core).Device can have single application processor, or application processor and sensor processor, or multiple application processor and sensor processor.

In one embodiment, sensor processor can be placed on the daughter board (daughterboard) that is made up of all simulated assemblies.This plate can have some in the electronic device usually seen on main PCB, such as but not limited to transimpedance amplifier, filter circuit, horizontal shift device, sampling and holding circuit and micro controller unit.This type of configuration can allow daughter board, and via using numeral to connect, non-analog connects (except the electric power of any necessity or grounding connection) and is connected to main PCB.Numeral connects can have the multiple advantage being better than analog submodule card and connecting to main PCB, including but not limited to noise reduction and the reduction of necessary cable number.Daughter board can be connected to mainboard via use flexible cable or one group of wire.

Multiple application program can be stored in application processor.Application program can form by for the executable code of described application program and data, but is not limited to these.Data can be made up of the figure performed needed for described application program or out of Memory, and it can export for the information produced by application program.All can reside in application processor (or the memorizer be incorporated to wherein) for both the executable code of application program and data, or can store and retrieval from external memory storage for the data of application program.External memory storage can including but not limited to the flash memory on nand flash memory, NOR flash memory, another processor, other solid-state storage device, machinery or optical disc, RAM, etc.

Executable code for application program also can be stored in external memory storage.When application processor receives the request of executive utility, described application processor can be retrieved executable code and/or data from external memory and perform described executable code and/or data.On the memorizer that described executable code temporarily or for good and all can be stored in application processor or storage device.This allows application program next should perform request and perform more quickly, because eliminate searching step.When asking executive utility, application processor can all executable codes of retrieve application or the part of executable code.In the case of the latter, the executable code part needed at that time is only retrieved.This allows to perform than the memorizer of application processor or the large application program of storage device.

Application processor also can have memory protection feature to prevent application program from overriding, to destroy, interrupt, block or otherwise disturb other assembly of other application program, sensing system, application processor or system.

Application program can be loaded on application processor and/or any external memory via multiple wired, wireless, optics or electric capacity mechanism (low-yield including but not limited to USB, Wi-Fi, bluetooth, bluetooth, NFC, RFID, purple honeybee).

Application program is the signature of available electron encrypted signature ground also.The execution of application program can be limited to those people with correct signature by application processor.

The system integration in biometric monitoring arrangement

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, in biometric monitoring arrangement or some sensors or electronic system can be integrated or can shared unit or resource each other.For example, for optics heartbeat waveform sensor photoelectric detector (such as can be used on February 28th, 2014 application and the be previously incorporated herein by reference the 61/946th, in the heart rate sensor discussed in No. 439 U.S. Provisional Patent Application cases), also can serve as the photoelectric detector for determining ambient light level, such as can in order to corrector loop border light on the impact of heartbeat waveform sensor reading.For example, if turned off for the light source of this type of heart rate detector, the light so measured by described photoelectric detector can indicate the amount of existing surround lighting.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, biometric monitoring arrangement can use the vehicle-mounted optical pickocffs such as the assembly in such as optics heart rate monitor configured or communicate with it.For example, the photoelectric detector of optics heart rate sensor (or, if existed, ambient light sensor) also can serve as receptor for optical emitting channel (such as infrared communication).

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, hybrid antenna can be comprised, its combined radio frequency antenna (such as Bluetooth antenna or gps antenna) and inductive loop (such as can be used in near-field communication (NFC) labelling or inductive charging system).In this little embodiment, the functional of two different systems is provided in an integrated system, thus saves encapsulation volume.In this type of hybrid antenna, inductive loop can be placed to close proximity in the irradiator of inverted-F antenna.Described inductive loop can inductance mode be coupled with irradiator, thus allows described inductive loop to serve as the flat elements of antenna for radio frequency object, thus forms such as smooth inverted-F antenna.Meanwhile, inductive loop also can serve its normal function, such as, via the inductive with the electromagnetic field produced by NFC reader, electric current is provided to NFC chip.The example of this little hybrid antenna system is discussed in the 61/948th of application on March 5th, 2014 the in more detail, in No. 470 U.S. Provisional Patent Application cases, described U.S. Provisional Patent Application case had previously been incorporated herein by reference and had again hereby been incorporated to by reference about the content pointed out at hybrid antenna structure place in " cross reference to related application " part.Certainly, this little hybrid antenna also can be used for being different from other electronic installation of biometric monitoring arrangement, and this type of non-biometric monitoring arrangement of hybrid antenna use is contained within the scope of the invention.

The method of wearable device

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise shell, its size and shape promote that wherein said device affects the activity of user immeasurably or significantly when being coupled to user by biometric monitoring arrangement at the health being fixed to user during normal operation.Described biometric monitoring arrangement can be depending on be integrated in biometric monitoring arrangement particular sensor encapsulation and user will want obtain data and wear by different way.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention are worn on by using belt (its be flexibility and be easily fitted to user thus) on its wrist or ankle (or arm or lower limb) by user.Described belt can have adjustable circumference, therefore allows it to be fitted to user.Described belt can be formed by the material construction of shrinking when being exposed to heat, therefore allows user to set up the adaptation of customization.Described belt can be replaceable if desired from " electronic device " partial dismantling of biometric monitoring arrangement.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be made up of two primary clusterings: main body (containing " electronic device ") and belt (promoting device to be attached to user).The extension protuberance (being such as made up of metal or metal-like material) that described main body can comprise shell (being such as made up of plastics or plastic-like material) and give prominence to from main body.(see, such as, Fig. 2 C to 3C).Described belt (being such as made up of thermoplasticity amido formate) can such as mechanically or adherent fashion be attached to health.Described belt can go out a part from the circumferential extension of user's wrist.The far-end of amido formate belt can be connected with Velcro or shackle elastic fabric belt (encompass D shape ring and be then attached on side and get back to self).In this embodiment, closing means can allow user ad infinitum to carry out belt length adjustment (be different from index hole and mechanical snap close).Velcro or elastic fabric can allow its mode being replaced (such as, if it wore or otherwise undesirably wore before the useful end of life of device) to be attached to belt.In one embodiment, Velcro or fabric are attached to belt by screw or rivet and/or glue, binding agent and/or buckle.

The embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention also accessible site to and be worn in necklace, pectoral girdle, medicated bra, cohesiveness sticking patch, glass, earing or toestraps of yacht (toe band).This little biometric monitoring arrangement can be built-in as follows: the part of sensor package/biometric monitoring arrangement is removable and can wears including but not limited to the mode of any number of those listed above modes.

In another embodiment, the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can through wearing to clip to dress or leave in clothes (such as, pocket) or ornament (such as, handbag, knapsack, wallet).Because a little biometric monitoring arrangement can not near the skin of user for this reason, so in the embodiment comprising heart rate measurement, manually device is placed in AD HOC (such as by user, capacitive touch sensor is covered by pressing the button, with finger tip, Deng, the heartbeat waveform sensor be embedded in button/sensor may be had) and in discrete, " pressing demand " context or automatically (once device is placed on skin by user (such as, finger is applied to optics heartbeat waveform sensor)) obtain and measure.

With the user interface of device

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise functional for what allow in one or more locally or remotely mutual with device method.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can pass on data via character display with visual manner.The physical embodiments of this display can use any one or more Display Techniques, one or the many person including but not limited in following each: LED, LCD, AMOLED, electric ink, clear Display Technique, pictorial displays, and other Display Technique, such as TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, TFT, IPS and OLET.This display can be illustrated in data device obtaining in this locality or stores maybe can show data from other device or Internet service Remote Acquisitioning.Biometric monitoring arrangement can use sensor (such as, ambient light sensor " ALS ") to control or adjust the amount (if using backlight) of screen backlight.For example, in dark lighting context, display adjustable dark is to save battery life, and in bright lighting context, display brightness can increase to make it easilier to be read by user.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can use monochromatic or multi-colored led come the state of indicating device.The state that biometric monitoring arrangement can use LED to indicate or such as can be imported message into or reach the Application Status of target etc. including but not limited to biometric states such as such as hearts rate.These states can be opened or closed by the color of LED, LED (or the intensity that mediates), LED pulse (and/or its speed) and/or indicate from closing the light intensity pattern dropping to maximum brightness completely.In one embodiment, stage of LED available subscribers heart rate and frequency modulate its intensity and/or color.

In certain embodiments, use electronic ink display that display can be allowed to keep connecting and the battery drain of reflective display nothing but.This " often opens " and functionally can provide pleasant Consumer's Experience when such as wrist-watch application program (wherein user can sweep biometric monitoring arrangement simply to see the time).Electronic ink display displaying contents and do not damage the battery life of device all the time, thus allow user to see the time (as it on conventional wristwatch).

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can use the light such as such as LED to show the heart rate (amplitude of the light sent with the frequency of user's heart rate by modulation) of user.Described device can describe heart rate district (such as, aerobic, anaerobism, etc.) via the color of LED (such as, green, red) or a succession of LED (such as, progress bar) lighted according to the change of heart rate.In biometric monitoring arrangement accessible site or another device being incorporated into such as glass or protective eye lens or structure, or communicate with glass or protective eye lens with by this information displaying to user.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement also can via the physical motion of device by communicating information to user.Physically this type of embodiment of the method for mobile device brings out motor for using vibration.Device can use the method individually or in conjunction with other exercise induced technology multiple.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can via audible feedback by communicating information to user.For example, the speaker in biometric monitoring arrangement can convey a message via use audio tones, voice, song or other sound.

In the various embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, these three information communicating methods (vision, motion and audition) can individually or with each other or pass on any combination of another method for conveying of any one or more following information to use:

User needs to wake up at special time

User Ying Qi wakes up when being in a certain Sleep stages

User should fall asleep sometime

User Ying Qi wakes up when being in a certain Sleep stages and being in the preselected time window that the earliest and the latest time of being wanted to wake up by user delimits.

Receive Email

User inertia reaches the cycle sometime.It should be noted that this can with such as calendar of conference or other application program of following the tracks of application program of sleeping integrated to plan, to simplify or to adjust the behavior that inertia is reminded.

User activity reaches the cycle sometime

User has appointment or calendar event

User has reached a certain activity metric

User has walked about a certain distance

User has reached a certain mileage

User has reached a certain speed

User has accumulated and has reached a certain height above sea level

User has walked a certain step number

User carries out heart rate measurement recently

User's heart rate reaches certain level

User has for particular value or normal, the movable or resting heart rate in particular range

The heart rate of user has entered or has exited a certain target zone or training center

User has new heart rate " district " target for reaching, be in said case for running, by bike, the heart rate district of the Exercises such as swimming

User has swum an one way or complete the one way of a certain number in pond

External device (ED) has the information needing to convey to user, such as, import any one in call or more prompting into

User has reached a certain tired target or the limit.In one embodiment, fatigue can be determined via the combination of heart rate, skin pricktest response, motion sensor and/or breath data

These examples are provided to be to illustrate and not wishing to limit the scope can being passed on the information of (such as, to user) by this little embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement.Note, in order to determine whether that the data meeting alert condition can obtain from first device and/or one or more auxiliary device.Biometric monitoring arrangement self can determine whether to have met the criterion for reminding or condition.Or the accountant (such as, server and/or mobile phone) communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement can determine when to remind.In view of the present invention, those skilled in the art can imagine the out of Memory that biometric monitoring arrangement can convey to user.For example, when meeting target, biometric monitoring arrangement can with telex network.The criterion meeting this target can based on the environmental sensor on physiology, context and first device and/or other sensing data from one or more auxiliary device.Can to be set by the user or can by biometric monitoring arrangement self and/or another accountant (such as, the server) target setting communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement.In an example embodiment, when meeting biometric target, biometric monitoring arrangement can vibrate.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can be equipped with wireless and/or wire communication circuit with video data on auxiliary device in real time.For example, this little biometric monitoring arrangement can via bluetooth low-yield with mobile phone communications to provide the Real-time Feedback of heart rate, changes in heart rate and/or anxiety to user.This little biometric monitoring arrangement can be trained or grant user is breathed with the ad hoc fashion of keeping tensions down (such as by carrying out deep and slow respiration) " moment ".Anxiety can through quantizing or being assessed via the change that heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin temperature, motor activity data and/or skin pricktest respond.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can receive input via one or more Local or Remote input method from user.This kind of embodiment for local user's input can use a sensor or one group of sensor the movement of user to be translated the order of twin installation.This bit motion can comprise but can be not limited to touch by, rotate wrist, one or more muscle bending, and swing arm.Another user input method can be via use button, such as but not limited to capacitive touch button, capacitive screen button and mechanical button.In one embodiment, user interface buttons can be made of metal.In the embodiment that screen uses capacitance touch to detect wherein, it can sample all the time and be ready to respond to any posture or input and without the need to getting involved event, such as, promote physical button.This little biometric monitoring arrangement also can input via use voice command.All these input methods can be integrated in biometric monitoring arrangement in this locality or be integrated into can via in the wired or wireless connection remote-control device that a little biometric monitoring arrangement communicates therewith.In addition, user also may can handle biometric monitoring arrangement via remote-control device.In one embodiment, this remote-control device can have Internet Connectivity.

Alarm

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can serve as wrist installing type vibration alarm undisturbedly user to be waken up from sleep.This little biometric monitoring arrangement can via heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin pricktest response, motion sensing (such as, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer) and skin temperature in one or combination and follow the tracks of the sleep quality of user, wake-up period, sleep delay, Sleep efficiency, Sleep stages (such as, deep sleep and REM), and/or other sleep calculation of correlation.User can specify required time of fire alarming or time window (such as, setting alarm to sound at 7 in the morning and 8 a.m.).This little embodiment can use one or many person in sleep tolerance to determine that Best Times in window annunciator is to wake user up.In one embodiment, when vibration alarm is movable, user causes it retire or turn off by bouncing or touching by device (it such as detects via the motion sensor in device, pressure/force transducer and/or capacitive touch sensor).In one embodiment, by starting small vibration at specific user's Sleep stages place or the time before alarm settings, the best time of attempting in sleep cycle wakes user to device.It can along with user be towards awakening or the intensity or the explicitly that increase vibration towards alarm settings progress gradually.(see, such as, Fig. 8).

Fig. 8 illustrated example portable biometric measures the functional of monitoring arrangement intelligent alarm feature.Biometric monitoring arrangement can detect the Sleep stages that can detect user or the state (device of (such as, shallow or deep sleep) or can communicate with described device.User can set its time window of hope being waken up (such as, the morning, 6:15 was to 6:45 in the morning).Intelligent alarm can enter sleeping state by user and trigger during window annunciator.

The warning vibration mode that biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured to allow user to select or create it to be selected.User can " doze off " or delayed alarm event.In one embodiment, user can set the retardation for " dozing off " feature: described delay is reporting to the police the time quantum before again sounding.It also may can set the number of times that every alarm cycle can activate feature of dozing off.For example, user can select 5 minutes doze off postpone and be 3 maximum number of dozing off continuously.Therefore, its can press doze off 3 times with its at every turn pressing doze off with during delayed alarm by presignal delay 5 minutes.In this little embodiment, doze off the 4th time if user attempts pressing, function of dozing off can not turn off warning.

Some biometric monitoring arrangements can have the information of calendar about user and/or scheduling.The calendar information of user directly can key in biometric monitoring arrangement or it can be downloaded from different device (such as smart phone).This Information Availability is automatically to set warning or warning characteristic.For example, if user in the morning 9 to have a meeting, so biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically the morning 7:30 wake up user with allow user have enough time prepare and/or arrive meeting.The time quantum that the time quantum of cost can be determined needed for user's preliminary conference based on the position of the current location of user, meeting and the position arriving meeting from the current location of user by biometric monitoring arrangement.Or, can use and arrive conference location about user and/or the historical data of the time (such as, it is waken up in the morning, has a shower, the time spent such as to have breakfast) of going to meeting to spend of getting redy to start off determines when to wake user up.Similar functionality can be used for the calendar event being different from meeting, such as eating time, the length of one's sleep, nap time and exercise time.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can use and want the information of when falling asleep to determine when warning should sound to wake user up about user.This information can supplement calendar information as herein described.User can have its target at every night or weekly desired hourage of roughly sleeping.Alarm settings in morning can be met these sleep targets in appropriate time to make user by biometric monitoring arrangement.Except user is except measuring the length of one's sleep desired every night, other sleep target that user also can set can including but not limited to the deep sleep of user's experience when sleeping, REM sleep and hypohyphnotic amount, and all these can by biometric monitoring arrangement in order to determine when set warning in the morning.In addition, it when should be able to go to bed to meet its sleep target night prompting user.In addition, it when should be able to take a nap to meet its sleep target at reminding user in the daytime.Its time that should take a nap of reminding user by the sleep quality of optimizing user during nap, follow-up nap or nighttime sleep because usually determining.For example, if user takes a nap in the morning, so user may have rigid time of sleep at night.Also can advise that user eats some food or beverage or avoids some food or beverage to optimize its sleep quality.For example, user may not be encouraged drinking close to during its bedtime, because ethanol may reduce its sleep quality.Also can advise that user performs some activity or avoids some activity to optimize its sleep quality.For example, user may be encouraged to perform physical exercise to improve its sleep quality in the afternoon.User may not be encouraged close to performing physical exercise during its bedtime or seeing that TV is to improve its sleep quality.

With the user interface of auxiliary device

In certain embodiments, data and/or order can be transmitted into auxiliary electronic device and/or receive data and/or order from auxiliary electronic device by biometric monitoring arrangement.Auxiliary electronic device can communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement directly or indirectly.Direct communication in this article refers to data and to launch between first device and auxiliary device and without any middle device.For example, two devices can communicate with one another via wireless connections (such as bluetooth) or wired connection (such as USB).Indirect communication refers to data transmitting by means of one or more centre the 3rd device (described in its relaying data) between first device and auxiliary device.3rd device can including but not limited to wireless repeater (such as, WiFi transponder), accountant, such as smart phone, laptop computer, desktop or tablet PC, mobile phone tower, computer server and other electronic device of networking.For example, data can be sent to smart phone by biometric device, and described smart phone forwards said data to via the server of Internet connection to described cellular network via cellular network data connection.

In certain embodiments, the auxiliary device serving as the user interface of biometric monitoring arrangement can be made up of smart phone.Application program on smart phone can promote and/or make smart phone can serve as the user interface of biometric monitoring arrangement.Biometric and other data can be sent to smart phone by biometric monitoring arrangement in real time or when having some and postponing.One or more order in real time or can be sent to biometric monitoring arrangement when having some and postponing, such as to indicate it, biometric and other data be sent to smart phone by smart phone.For example, if user enters the pattern of following the tracks of and running in the application, so order can be sent to biometric device and send data in real time to indicate it by smart phone.Therefore, user lingeringly can follow the tracks of its running when it advances without any on its application program.

This type of smart phone can have one or more application program to make user can from its biometric device Dataview.Described application program can start user or be opened to " instrument board " page when opening described application program acquiescently.On this page, can show such as total step number, climb number of floor levels, the summary of the data amount such as the water of mileage of advancing, the calory count of burning, the calory count of consumption and consumption.Also other coherence messages can be shown, the final time of such as application program from biometric monitoring arrangement reception data, the tolerance about the sleep at last night are (such as, when user falls asleep, wake up and the length of one's sleep), and user can take food how many calories to maintain its calorie of target (such as, realizing the calorie deficit target of fat-reducing) on the same day.User can select by these and other measure in which be illustrated on Dashboard screen.User can see these and other tolerance a few days ago on the dash panel.It can be accessed a few days ago by the button on pressing touch screen or icon.Or, such as, the posture such as to stir to the left or to the right and can make user can the current and prior metric of guide to visitors.

Smart phone application program also can have another page of the summary providing User Activity.Activity can including but not limited to walking, running, by bike, cook, be seated, work, swim, go on business, weight lifting, on and off duty and Yoga.Can be presented on this page with these movable relevant tolerance.For example, bar diagram can show the step number (such as, having walked how many steps in every 5 minutes or every 1 hour) that user walks in the different piece on the same day.In another example, can show user perform time quantum that a certain activity spends and at this moment between to have burnt in the cycle how many calories.Be similar to the instrument board page, application program can provide guide to visitors functional with these and other tolerance allowing user to check days past.When also can select such as little by user, minute, week, the moon or year etc. At All Other Times the cycle so that tendency and the tolerance of its activity in shorter or larger time span can be inspected.

Smart phone application program also can have in order to user have been eaten the interface maybe food eaten being charged to daily record.This interface can have keyword search feature wishes to key in the food in its daily record to allow user to find out it fast.As search food replacement scheme or in addition, user can find out by guide to visitors menu or a series of menu the food will charging to daily record.For example, user can select following serial classification: breakfast/frumentum/health/oatmeal is to arrive the food (such as, the oatmeal of apple taste) that it wishes to charge to daily record.Any one place in these menus, user can perform keyword search.For example, user can search for " oatmeal " with search key " oatmeal " in the classification of breakfast food after selecting classification " breakfast ".Selecting after hope to be charged to the food of daily record by it, user can revise or key in component size and nutrient content.After at least one food being charged to daily record, application program can the cycle be (such as sometime, my god) display charges to the nutrient content (indivedual and whole calorie content, vitamin content, sugared content, etc.) of the summary of the food of daily record and described food.

Smart phone application program also can have the page of display about the tolerance (such as, the body weight of user, body fat percentage, BMI, and waistline size) of user's body.It can show one or more curve of one or more trend within the cycle (such as, two weeks) sometime of showing in these tolerance.User can select the value of this time cycle and inspect preceding time period (such as, last month).

Smart phone application program also can have permission user and key in the page that user has consumed how much water.When user drinks some water, its unit can selected by it (such as, ounce, cup, etc.) key in described amount.Application program can show the total amount that user has charged to all water of daily record within the cycle (such as, one day) sometime.Application program can allow user to check previously to charge to the water entry and a few days ago and the daily amount on the same day of daily record.

Smart phone application program also can have the page of the online friend of display user.This " friend " page can make user can add or ask new friend (such as, by search for its name or by its e-mail address).This page also can show the ranking list (leaderboard) of user and friend thereof.User and friend thereof can carry out rank based on one or more tolerance.For example, the total step number that user and friend thereof can be used over seven days carries out rank.

Smart phone application program also can have the page of the tolerance of the sleep shown about user's eve and/or former night.This page also can make user when to go to bed by specifying it and when to wake up and pass by when to sleep and charge to daily record.User also can about the subjective measure (such as, bad night's rest, good night's rest, fabulous night's rest, etc.) of its sleep.User can these tolerance of the today of inspecting over or time cycle (such as, two weeks).For example, the page of sleeping can give tacit consent to the bar diagram showing that user measured in the length of one's sleep at each night of nearest two weeks.User also can inspect the bar diagram that user measured in the length of one's sleep at each night in nearest January.

User also can via to substitute or additional interface accesses the full capacity (such as, can key in food daily record, viewing instrument dash board, etc.) of smart phone application program as herein described.In one embodiment, this alternative interfaces can be made up of webpage, and described webpage is by the trust server with biometric monitoring arrangement indirect communication.Described webpage can use such as web browser supervisor access via any internet connection device.

Wireless connectivity and data are launched

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can comprise in order to the radio communication component from the Internet and/or the transmitting of other device and the information of reception.Radio communication can be made up of one or more interfaces such as such as bluetooth, ANT, WLAN, electric lines of force networking and cell phone networks.These are provided as example, and should not be construed as and get rid of other existing wireless communications method or agreement or the wireless communication technology of not yet inventing or agreement.

Wireless connections can be two-way.Other device be launched, passes on and/or be pushed to its data can by biometric monitoring arrangement, such as smart phone, computer, waits and/or the Internet, such as the webserver etc.Biometric monitoring arrangement also can from other device and/or Internet reception, ask and/or pull (pull) data.

Biometric monitoring arrangement can serve as and the communication being used for other device to be provided to each other or to be provided to the repeater of the Internet.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be connected to the Internet via WLAN and be equipped with ANT radio.ANT device can communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement, with the WLAN via biometric monitoring arrangement, its data is transmitted into the Internet (and vice versa).As another example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be equipped with bluetooth.If the smart phone with Bluetooth function enters in the scope of biometric monitoring arrangement, so biometric monitoring arrangement can transmit data to the Internet via the cell phone network of smart phone or from Internet reception data.Data from another device also can be transmitted into biometric monitoring arrangement and store (or vice versa) or launch in time after a while.

The embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention also can comprise for transmit as a stream or transmit network content functional for what show on biometric monitoring arrangement.Below the representative instance of content for this reason:

1. by measurement device but the history curve of the heart rate of remote storage and/or other data

2. by other measurement device and/or remote storage (such as, such as, at the website place as fitbit.com) User Activity and/or consume the history curve of food and/or dormant data

3. the history curve of other usertracking data of remote storage.Example comprises heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood sugar level, cholesterol, the persistent period of seeing TV, the persistent period of playing video game, emotion, etc.

4. based on training and/or the data of going on a diet of one or many person in the heart rate of user, Current body mass, weight targets, food intake, activity, sleep and other data.

5. towards user's progress of heart rate, body weight, activity, sleep and/or other target.

6. the summary statistics of aforementioned data, figure, badge and/or tolerance (such as, " grade ") are described

7. user aforementioned data with have similar device and/or tracking its " friend " class likelihood data between compare

8. social content, such as, push away spy (Twitter) feeding, instant message and/or face book (Facebook) and upgrade

9. other online content, such as newspaper article, constellation, weather report, RSS feeding, comic strip (comic), crossword puzzle, classified advertisement, stock report, and website

10. email message and calendar plan table

Biometric monitoring arrangement can be delivered the content to according to different context.For example, in the morning, can together with the dormant data display news in user eve and weather report.At night, general introduction every day of day's activities can be shown.

The various embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement as herein disclosed also can comprise can in order to functional NFC, the RFID in other device initial or other short-distance wireless communication circuit.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be equipped with NFC antenna to make when user makes itself and mobile phone close proximity, and application program automatically starts on described mobile phone.

There is provided these examples for illustration of and do not wish to limit the scope of data can launched by device, receive or show or any intermediate treatment that can transmit at this and occur during display.In view of the present invention/application program, those skilled in the art can imagine other examples many of the data can transmitted as a stream or via the transmission of biometric monitoring arrangement.

Charging and data are launched

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can use wired connection for internal rechargeable batteries charging and/or transfer data to the such as host apparatus such as laptop computer or mobile phone.In the embodiment being similar to the embodiment comparatively early discussed in the present invention, biometric monitoring arrangement can use magnet to help user and biometric monitoring arrangement is registered to base or cable.The magnetic field of magnet in base or cable and the magnet in device self can be strategically directed to force biometric monitoring arrangement and base or cable (or more particularly, adapter on cable) autoregistration, and provide and biometric monitoring arrangement kept in the base or remains to the power of cable.Magnet also can be used as charge or data launch the conductive junction point of object.In another embodiment, permanent magnet only can be not used in biometric monitoring arrangement self for base or cable side.This can use at biometric monitoring arrangement the performance improving biometric monitoring arrangement when magnetometer.If there is magnet in biometric monitoring arrangement, so, the high-intensity magnetic field of permanent magnet may make the more difficult magnetic field making the magnetometer Measurement accuracy earth significantly.In this little embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can utilize ferrous iron material to replace magnet, and the magnet on base or cable side can be attached to ferrous iron material.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can contain one or more electromagnet in biometric monitoring arrangement main body.For charge and data launch charger or base also can contain electromagnet and/or permanent magnet.Biometric monitoring arrangement is only when it just can connect its electromagnet close to when charger or base.Sign and the nearness of detection and base or charger in the magnetic field that biometric monitoring arrangement searches the permanent magnet in charger or base by use magnetometer.Or biometric monitoring arrangement detects the nearness of charger from the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the wireless signal of charger or base or the NFC be associated with described charger or base by identification in certain embodiments or RFID marker by measuring.When device do not need charging, synchronous or but it has completed synchronous or charging time, can electromagnet be put upside down, thus produce the power repelling described device from charging cables or base.In certain embodiments, charger or base can comprise electromagnet, and can be configured (such as, processor in charger or base can be configured via programmed instruction) to connect electromagnet when connecting biometric monitoring arrangement for charging, (electromagnet can keep connecting to make the biometric monitoring arrangement be placed on charger be attracted against charger because of electromagnet usually, or electromagnet can keep turning off until charger is determined to be placed on charger by biometric monitoring arrangement, such as via completing charging circuit, pick out the NFC labelling etc. in biometric monitoring arrangement, and then connect to attract biometric monitoring arrangement against charger.In charging complete, (or data transmission completes, if charger/data that the data that are actually charger transmit bracket or combination transmit bracket) after, at once can turn off electromagnet (temporarily or until again detect be placed on charger by biometric monitoring arrangement), and biometric monitoring arrangement can stop being attracted against charger.In this little embodiment, the interface between directed biometric monitoring arrangement and charger may be needed, make when there is not the magnetic force produced by electromagnet, biometric monitoring arrangement will drop from charger or otherwise be displaced to visibly different position (visually to indicate charging or data transmission to complete to user) from charge position.

Sensor during data transmit uses

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can comprise the communication interface that can switch between two or more agreements with different pieces of information emission rate and different capacity wear rate.The data-driven that this switching can be obtained by the various sensors from biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, if use bluetooth, the so determination that can make in response to the data based on the sensor from biometric monitoring arrangement of communication interface and switching between use bluetooth basic rate/enhancing data rate (BR/EDR) and bluetooth low-yield (BLE) agreement.For example, when sleeping from the sensing data instruction wearer of the accelerometer in biometric monitoring arrangement or otherwise sitting time, lower-wattage, slower BLE agreement can be used.By contrast, when the sensing data instruction wearer from the accelerometer in biometric monitoring arrangement just gets around, higher-wattage, faster BR/EDR agreement can be used.This self-adapting data lift-off technology and functional be discussed further on March 5th, 2014 application the 61/948th, in No. 468 U.S. Provisional Patent Application cases, described U.S. Provisional Patent Application case had previously been incorporated herein by reference and the content again hereby pointed out about the self-adapting data transfer rate place in biometric monitoring arrangement and being incorporated to by reference in " cross reference to related application " part.

This little communication interface also can serve as the sensor of a kind of form for biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, wireless communication interface can allow biometric monitoring arrangement to determine number and the type of the device in the scope of wireless communication interface.These data can in order to determine biometric monitoring arrangement whether in specific context, such as, indoor, in the car, etc., and determine in response to this and change its behavior in every way.For example, discussing as in the 61/948th, No. 468 U.S. Provisional Patent Application case (being above incorporated to by reference), this little context can in order to drive the selection of the particular wireless communication protocols being used for radio communication.

Configurable function of application

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can comprise wrist-watch sample form factor and/or bracelet, arm decorations or ankletbangle form factor, and able to programmely has " application program " that provide particular functionality and/or display customizing messages.By various ways (including but not limited to pressing button, use capacitive touch sensor, perform detected by accelerometer posture, move to and measured monitoring arrangement main body (producing the pressure signal that can be detected by the altimeter of biometric monitoring arrangement inside in device inside thus) by the ad-hoc location of GPS or motion sensor senses or region, compression biological, or biometric monitoring arrangement is placed close to the NFC labelling be associated with an application program or one group of application program) start or close application program.Also (including but not limited to high heart rate being detected, use that humidity sensor detects water (such as to start swimming application program), certain time of day (such as to start the change of application program is followed the tracks of in sleep, plane is left or land pressure and kinetic characteristic to start and to close " aircraft " model application program at night) automatically triggers and starts or close application program by some environment or physiological condition.Also by meeting multiple condition to start or close application program simultaneously.For example, if accelerometer detects that user is just running and user presses button, so biometric monitoring arrangement can start podometer application program, altimeter data collects application program and/or display.Accelerometer detects swimming and under user presses another situation of same button, it can start swimming one way counting application program wherein.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can have by start swimming application program and start swimming tracing mode.In this mode, the motion sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement and/or magnetometer can in order to detect stroke, classification stroke type, to detect swimming one way, and other calculation of correlation, such as paddling efficiency, one-way time, speed, distance and caloric burn.Changed can be turned round method in order to detect multiple one way by magnetometer indicated direction.In a preferred embodiment, the data from motion sensor and/or pressure transducer can in order to detect paddling.

In another embodiment, by biometric monitoring arrangement being moved close to being arranged on bicycle, be positioned on the bearing of bicycle or start application program by bike at the NFC of the position be associated with bicycle (including but not limited to cycle frame or bicycle storing facility) or RFID marker.(see, such as, Figure 10).The application program started can use the algorithm different from the algorithm of the usual tolerance in order to determine the height above sea level including but not limited to the calorie burnt, travel distance and acquisition.Also can start application program when wireless bicycle sensor (including but not limited to wheel detector, GPS, step sensor, or energy meter) being detected.Biometric monitoring arrangement can then show and/or record the data from wireless bicycle sensor or bicycle sensor.

Additional application is including but not limited to able to programme or customizable watch face, stop viewing, music player controller (such as, Mp 3 player, remote controller), text message and/or Email display or notifying device, navigation guide pin, bicycle computer display is (when communicating with independent or integrated form GPS device, when wheel detector or energy meter), weight lifting tracker, abdominal crunch tracker, chin-up tracker, resistance exercise form/body-building tracker, golf amplitude of oscillation analyzer, tennis (or other racket sports) amplitude of oscillation/service analyser, tennis game amplitude of oscillation detector, baseball amplitude of oscillation analyzer, delivery analyzer (such as, football, baseball), physical activity intensity tracker (such as, football in a organized way, baseball, basketball, tennis, rugby), throw dish analyzer, sting food detector, typewriting analyzer, inclination sensor, sleep quality tracker, alarm clock, piezometer, nervous/to loosen biofeedback game (such as, combination provides audition and/or visual cues with the mobile phone of training user to breathe in relaxation training potentially), to brush teeth tracker, feed rate tracker (such as, counting or tracking utensil enter the mouth speed and the persistent period of carrying out absorption in kind), drunk or the fitness indicator of operating motor vehicles is (such as, via heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin pricktest responds, gait analysis, riddle, etc.), irritated tracker (such as, uses skin pricktest response, heart rate, skin temperature, pollen sensing etc. (may in conjunction with from such as the Internet the former tracking of outside seasonal allergic and may determine that user to the anaphylactogen of particular form (such as, pollen) response, and the existence of this little anaphylactogen of reminding user, such as, from seasonal information, pollen track database, or in biometric monitoring arrangement or the home environment sensor that used by user), fever tracker (such as, measures fever, the risk of flu or Other diseases, outbreak or progress, may in conjunction with Seasonal Data, disease database, the feedback that customer location and/or user provide assesses the diffusion of specified disease (such as, influenza) about user, and may responsively point out or the restraining of suggestion work or activity), electronic game, caffeine affects tracker and (such as, monitors such as heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin pricktest responds, skin temperature, blood pressure, nervous, sleep and/or to coffee, tea, energy drink and/or other containing the activity in the absorption of beverage of caffeine or the short-term of restraining or long-term response), (such as, be similar to previously mentioned caffeine tracker but intervene about other, whether it is medical treatment or lifestyle drug, such as ethanol to drug influence tracker, Nicotiana tabacum L. etc.), endurance exercise training (such as, is recommended or points out intensity, the overview of persistent period or running/by bike/swimming body-building, or restraining or the delay of advising body-building, such as, according to the target that user specifies, marathon, iron-man triathlon or utilization are from such as history exercise activity (such as, running distance, stride), heart rate, changes in heart rate, the target of the data customization of health/disease/anxiety/fever condition), body weight and/or health composition, blood glucose, food intake or calorie balance tracker (such as, inform the user it and can consume how many calories to maintain or to realize certain body weight), podometer, and fingernail biting detector.In some cases, application program can only depend on processing power of the present invention and sensor.In other cases, application program can merge or only show the information from an external device (ED) or one group of external device (ED) (including but not limited to heart rate bandage, GPS range tracking element, body body composition meter (body composition scale), blood pressure monitor, blood glucose monitor, wrist-watch, intelligent watch, the such as mobile communications device such as smart phone or tablet PC, or server).

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can control the music player on auxiliary device.The aspect of controllable music player including but not limited to the selection of volume, song and/or playlist, F.F. or retrogressing (skipping forward or backward), song fast forward or rewinding, song speed, and music player equalizer.Via user's input or automatically can control music player based on physiology, environment or context data.For example, user can select by selecting song via the user interface on biometric monitoring arrangement and play the song on its smart phone.In another example, biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically select suitable song based on the level of activation of user (calculating described level of activation from biometric monitoring arrangement sensing data).This can in order to help to excite user to maintain a certain level of activation.For example, if user continues run and want to be remained on by its heart rate in a certain scope, so biometric monitoring arrangement can play song (if the heart rate of user is lower than its target zone) that is cheerful and light-hearted or fair speed.

By the automatic function of the activity-triggered of user

Sleep stages trigger functionality

Sleep stages, such as heart rate, changes in heart rate, body temperature, body kinematics, ambient light intensity, ambient noise level etc. can be monitored via various biometric signal disclosed herein and method.Other sensor that optical pickocff, motion sensor (accelerometer, gyro sensor, etc.), mike and thermometer and (such as) are discussed can be used herein to measure this little biometric.

Biometric monitoring arrangement also can have communication module, including but not limited to Wi-Fi (802.xx), bluetooth (classical, low-power) or NFC.Once estimate Sleep stages, Sleep stages can be transmitted into the cloud system, home server or the main control unit that are wirelessly connected to the electrical equipment (by Wi-Fi, bluetooth or NFC) with communication function.Or biometric monitoring arrangement directly can communicate with the electrical equipment with communication function.This electrical equipment a bit with communication function can comprise such as kitchen electrical equipment, such as microwave oven, coffee grinder/maker, baking box etc.

Once Sleep stages indicates the time of waking up close to user, biometric monitoring arrangement just can send triggering item and indicate the electrical equipment of answering automatic operation to user.For example, coffee grinder and maker can be caused to start to make coffee, and baking box can be made to start to heat bread.Microwave oven also can be caused to start to cook oatmeal or egg, and electric kettle start to heat up water.As long as prepare each several part rightly, this automatic signal can trigger breakfast cooking.

Remind and detect

Prompting (such as low prompting) can be made drowsy relevant to people, also can detect described prompting from listed biometric above, and described prompting can start automatically to infuse coffee in order to trigger the electrical equipments such as such as coffee maker.

Hydration

The level of activation of user can be directly submitted to cloud system, home server, main control unit or electrical equipment by portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement combining movement horizon tracker.These can some actions of activating electrical equipment, and especially relevant with hydration action, the ice cube such as starting refrigerator makes, or reduces the operative temperature of water purifier.

Power is saved

Many electrical equipments operate with the low-power power idle of consumed power usually.Use the aggregation information of the biometric signal of user, the electrical equipment with communication function can be caused to enter ultra low power pattern.For example, user sleeping or go out work time, but the water dispenser self in family is closed to ultra low power pattern, and once prospective users activity at home, just can begin to cool down/heating water.

The restaurant recommendation system of position-based and activity

The polymerization of real-time biological metering signal and positional information can in order to produce about the valid supposition (such as ion beverage) of one or more user at the needs of preset time.Combine these needs inferred and the historic user data of food intake data charging to daily record about User Activity level, Activity Type, activity time and active duration and user, the application program on smart phone and/or intelligent watch can be recommended the restaurant of the life style and current needs meeting user.

For example, the user just having completed six miles of touring races can start this application program.Application program can be known this person and maintain high level of activation in one hour in the past, and thus determines that described people may dewater.From historic user data, application program also can be known in the meals of such as user has too much vegetable but sugar is low.By considering the optimized algorithm of the current location of user, Price Range and other factors referred to above, application program can recommend the restaurant such as providing Sorbet (smoothie).

Swimming is followed the tracks of

In some embodiments of biometric tracking means, biometric is followed the tracks of can comprise swimming algorithm, it can utilize from one or more motion sensor, altitude sensor (such as, barometric pressure sensor), orientation sensor (such as, magnetometer), the data of location-based service sensor (such as, GPS, radio triangulation) and/or temperature sensor.Described sensor can embed in the single assembly being installed to such as wrist.In other embodiments, additional sensor apparatus can be attached to the forehead of swimmer, the rear portion of head, protective eye lens, the back of the body, hip, shoulder, thigh, lower limb and/or foot.

Three potential function components that swimming exercise is analyzed are as follows:

Paddling count detection---provide the paddling of every one way to count, wherein one way is defined as and passes through to the unidirectional of end opposite from the one end in pond.

Paddling classification of type---the stroke type of user is described (such as, crawl, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly stroke, breathing arm, tread (kicking without stroke), straight draw (body streamline), Deng), and any one or the combination that can be in following each:

A. the classification of each paddling of user's employing

B. the classification of the main paddling type of each complete one way use.

C. the classification of paddling type that uses of each mark one way (freestyle swimming of such as 1/2nd one way, the breaststroke of 1/2nd one way)

One way counts---the one way that user passes counted.Determine a method of one way when is turned round in pond by detecting user.

Turn round the 180 degree of changes being defined as direction of advance.Detect turn round time, the beginning of deducibility one way and end.Some place before again starting to swim in pond (usually at one end or other place) suspends (without motion within the cycle sometime) and also thinks to turn round, as long as direction of advance is subsequently contrary with the direction of advance before time-out.

In certain embodiments, numerous mode these function components can be combined.

Algorithm structure

Can successively, parallel or mix described three function components that order (combinations of some sequential block and some parallel frames) performs swimming exercise analysis.

Sequential grammar (see Figure 15 A)

In one embodiment, first original and/or pretreated sensor signal can be analyzed by paddling detector algorithm.Paddling detector algorithm can use time peak value (local maximum and/or local minimum) in motion sensor (such as, accelerometer, gyroscope) as the instruction taking paddling.Then, one or more heuristic rules can also be applied to remove the peak value not representing paddling.For example, the value of peak value, the time gap of two contiguous peak values, peak value can indicate some peak value not represent paddling to the morphological character (such as, definition) of peak amplitude and/or peak value.When sensor provides data (such as 3 axis accelerometers of more than one dimension, or 3 axis movement sensors+altimeter (amounting to 4 number of axle certificates)) time, can consider that the sequential of the peak value on all axles and sizes related are to determine whether the peak value on one or many person in described axle is produced by paddling.

If observe a group peak value of the single peak value of expression paddling or the multiple data axles from expression paddling, so feature can be extracted from data segments previous peak being detected and the time between present peak value that detects obtains.Feature including but not limited to the ripple number in maximum and minima, section, the power (such as, L1 power and L2 power, standard deviation, average) measured in various tolerance, etc.The feature extracted then can stand machine learning system, wherein calculated off line coefficient of combination (supervised learning) or when user uses biometric monitoring arrangement adaption systems coefficient (unsupervised learning).The paddling that machine learning system can then detect for each returns paddling classification.

Turn round detector algorithm by calculating derivative, rolling average and/or using the flip-flop come the high-pass filtering of the signal of sensor (described sensor is including but not limited to those sensors listed in the present invention) in searching moving.Also and/or alternatively Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can be performed to signal.If a fundamental component is different from the next one, so can determine to turn round generation.Such as the coefficient all or in part of the conversion such as fast fourier transform (FFT) also can be used as feature.Such as oneself also can be used to return the parameter models such as (AR) model.Then linear prediction analysis (LPA), least means square (LMS), recursive least-squares filtering (RLS) and/or Kalman Filter Estimation time-varying model parameter can be used.Then the model parameter of estimation is compared to determine whether there is flip-flop in its value.

In one embodiment, the skill level of swimmer and/or swimming pattern (such as, speed) can be inferred from sensing data, and are then used in and turn round detection.For example, senior swimmer has stronger paddling (that is, large accelerometer peak magnitudes) usually, and adopts less paddling to carry out an one way.Therefore, estimate that the skill level of swimmer or the tolerance of characteristic can be used for turning round detection algorithm.These tolerance can including but not limited to mean motion signal or integrated motor message in motor message, and in particular, the arm of senior swimmer moves, estimate pace and detecting pattern.Skill level or other characteristic of swimmer also can be determined via user's input.For example, user can input it for senior, intermediate or abecedarian swimmer.

Can whether have and turn round characteristic in order to detect data-oriented sample and/or adjacent data sample from these of analyzing perhaps many (combination) features.For obtaining the best of breed of feature and decision boundary, can machine learning techniques be utilized, such as logistic regression, decision tree, nerve net, etc.

In certain embodiments, turn round if detected, data of so swimming naturally increase from can summarizing and previously having turned round, the number of such as paddling, for each paddling and paddling type, split time for one way, etc.If do not detect and turn round, so renewable paddling enumerator and type.Except non-user stops swimming, otherwise algorithm can get back to paddling count detection.

Parallel method (see Figure 15 B)

In parallel method, some or all in three functional units can be performed concurrently.For example, can jointly perform paddling type detection and turn round detection, and run paddling count detection independently.

In this little embodiment, can detect at the same time in paddling type and the single algorithm turned round and implement two functional units: paddling type and turn round detection.For example, stroke type (such as, detect freestyle swimming, breaststroke, backstroke, the mobile of butterfly stroke analyze) and the grader of turning round type (such as, flip turn (tumble turn), flip crawl turn (flip turn), two handss touch) can return detected paddling type or detected turn round type.Between detection period, can extraction time and spectrum signature.First moving window can be applied to multiple data axle.Then the statistic of this window section can be calculated, that is, the number of the ripple in maximum and minima, section, the power (such as, L1 power and L2 power, standard deviation, average) measured in various tolerance.Independent component analysis (ICA) and/or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can be applied equally to find to represent better any hiding signal turning round type and paddling similar properties.Then signal from then on (can be improved) potentially and represent feature computation time.For temporal characteristics, various nonparametric filters solutions, low-pass filtering, bandpass filtering, high-pass filtering can be applied to strengthen desired signal characteristic.

Also the spectrum analyses such as such as FFT, wavelet transformation, Hilbert (Hilbert) conversion can be applied to this through section of windowing.Conversion coefficient may be selected to be feature all or in part.The parameter model of such as AR, rolling average (MA) or ARMA (oneself returns and rolling average) model can be used, and the parameter of this class model can be found via auto-correlation and/or partial auto correlation or LPA, LMS, RLS or Kalman filter.Estimated all or part of of coefficient can be used as feature.

The rolling average window of different length can parallel running, and provides listed feature above, and also all or part of of described feature can be used as feature.

Then machine acquistion coefficient (supervised learning) can be applied to these and extract feature.Can train and then use one or more machine learning techniques, be i.e. multiple layers (such as, logistic regression) of binomial linear discriminant analysis, multinomial logistic regression, nerve net, decision tree/forest or support vector machine.

Along with paid close attention to window moves, feature can be extracted, and the feature of these new extractions will return paddling type or turning round of detecting via machine learning system.

Paddling detector algorithm independent of paddling type and can turn round detection and parallel running.Detect by heuristic rules and select original or through the time peak value of pre-filtering sensor signal.

In the summary stage (in the described stage, can determine, show and/or store the tolerance about swimming) of algorithm, can by after-treatment applications in described sequence paddling type and turn round detection.If confirm to turn round with a certain confidence level, so can summarize from the swimming metric data previously turned round together with detected paddling counting.If turn round unconfirmed, so rolling average window can proceed.Until user stops swimming, algorithm can continue to upgrade to be measured about the swimming of the exercise of user, including but not limited to the change of the paddling number in the average paddling number of the sum of the sum of the sum turned round, one way, paddling, every one way, last one way, every one way paddling number, etc.

Mixed method (see Figure 15 C and 15D)

In mixed method, can run paddling type and paddling count detection concurrently, be turn round detection subsequently.

Paddling type detection can return paddling type via the coefficient of machine learning.The fragment of the sensor signal that the first moving window is desirable.Can feature be extracted subsequently, or the whole feature of moving window feature cited herein or subset.The off-line of machine learning coefficient, training can be applied to described feature subsequently to determine which paddling type produces the given fragment of sensor signal.

Paddling count detection side by side can be run together with paddling type detection.

Once paddling type and counting be detected, can perform by the subset of cited whole feature or feature and turn round detection.

If detect and turn round, the swimming being recorded in user that completes so can enclosed one is summed up in tolerance.Rear process can be applied to the paddling type that detects to determine the most outstanding paddling type of completed circle.Algorithm is movable to paddling type and count detection stage subsequently, except non-user stops swimming.If do not detect and turn round, so described algorithm can continue the paddling type and the counting that upgrade current circle, until detect and turn round.

Blood sugar level and heart rate

The biometric monitoring arrangement measuring biometric signal continuously can provide the meaningful information of situation before the disease about disease, progress and recovery.This little biometric monitoring arrangement can have sensor and correspondingly executing arithmetic to measure and to calculate biometric signal, such as heart rate, heart rate variability, the step number of carrying out, the calorie burnt, the distance of advancing, body weight and body fat, activity intensity, active duration and frequency etc.Except measured biometric signal, customer-furnished food intake record can be used.

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement Observable heart rate and the change along with the time thereof, especially before food intake event and afterwards.Known heart rate affects by blood sugar level, and it is well known that, elevated blood glucose levels is prediabetes situation.Therefore, the mathematical model of the relation between time (after food intake) and blood sugar level that description passes can be found out via statistical regression, wherein collect data to provide corresponding mathematical model from normal condition, prediabetes and diabetic individual.By described mathematical model, individuality whether healthy, the prediabetes or suffer from diabetes with specific heart can be predicted.

Be realised that the many heart failure be associated with prediabetes or diabetic conditions, likely inform the possible heart failure of this little risk further to the user of biometric monitoring arrangement based on the biometric data of user, such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease etc.

Can also use when forming mathematical model recommended exercise policy (policy that such as, provided by American Heart Association ( http:// www.heart.org/)) consider the activity intensity of user, type, persistent period and frequency, using as the independent variable of " probability " of outbreak controlling disease.Many policies about nutrition and Weight management also can be used for science and for general public with angiocardiopathy preventing and diabetes.Can this little policy be incorporated in mathematical model together with the user data along with time integral, the composition of food that described user data such as consumes for user and body weight and body obesity trend.

If user to store and its kinsfolk is set as its friend by the social network sites showing biometric data, so also can analyze kinsfolk and obtaining the probability of disease and inform result to user.

Except inform the latency development of disease to user except, the life style of recommending of the menu comprising exercise regime and have more healthy composition and transmission method can be supplied to user.

Grocery store's shopping, culinary art and the unification of food record

Grocery store's tissue and menu identification system

Receipt from grocery store's shopping can contain abundant information, especially about the dietary habit of individuality.For example, the innovative system of will carry out combining from the information of grocery store's receipt and the biometric data as the individuality collected by biometric monitoring arrangement is presented herein.Described system can be collected and be analyzed the data (information) about individuality, and can recommend subsequently can change individual life style to improve the option of their health status.The enforcement of this system can relate to cloud computing, for sensing and the hardware platform exploitation of interface and movement/Website development.

In one embodiment, when user checks out in grocery store, grocery store's list (as obtained from receipt or (such as) from email receipt or invoice) automatically can be transmitted into remote data base (such as, Cloud Server), described remote data base also can store the biometric data of user.When user to family and when organizing project in their refrigerator and/or pantry, application on their smart phone/wrist-watch can recommend which project (such as, maybe may go bad if food item is expired) abandoned in pantry or refrigerator based on the historical data about food item.Instruction food is out of date or should consume in a short time to avoid corrupt prompting can be automatically transmitted to user independent of this type of interaction.For example, whenever meeting a certain threshold value (such as, at milk by expired two days), just these promptings can be issued to user.Also by except prompting being sent to user by the means except smart phone/wrist-watch.For example, by network interface, by Email, by laptop computer, tablet PC, desktop PC, or with to maintain and/or described prompting is presented to user by prompting on other electronic installation any that the computer of analyzing food database directly or indirectly communicates.

By use food item through upgrading list and based on the history food consumption data of user, menu can be recommended user by described application.In one embodiment, can to use first eat project (such as, expired at it, rotten or become more stale than other composition before) menu give priority.In order to recommend nutrition balances, correct to distribute and the best menu decided according to the activity of user, described application still can analyze the activity data of user.For example, if user's weight lifting in the morning, so high-protein diet can be recommended.In another example, if user is not very movable, the caloric number that the size that so can reduce menu contains to reduce final meals.

It should be noted that can by these application of policies in the multiple users sharing identical food and/or meals.For example, can be the food database that one family creates combination, if make in family member obtain egg from grocery store and another member family obtains milk, so both egg and milk will represent in food database.Similarly, nutrition preference (such as, vegetarian, to some food allergy etc.), movable, basal metabolic rate and total caloric burn can be used for forming the recommendation to preparing and/or buy what food/menu.

Biometric signal including (but not limited to) heart rate and heart rate variability can provide the instruction of the precondition to disease.This Information Availability is bought in recommendation user, consume and/or prepare certain food, to reduce it the suffering from risk that it has the disease of precondition.For example, if user has the precondition of cardiac problems, so it can be recommended them to buy more vegetable, consume less fat-containing food, and to need the method for less oil (such as, not deep-fried) to prepare food.

Control " intelligent appliance "

In another embodiment, various household electrical appliances can all possess wi-Fi function, and can with server communication.Because application (it can be connected to described household electrical appliances via (such as) cloud or the Internet) may be known refrigerator and contains which food item, to reduce with based food project so described application can communicate with refrigerator or to raise the temperature of refrigerator.For example, if numerous food product project is more responsive to cold, such as vegetable, so can instruction refrigerator raised temperature.Described application also can also directly communicate with refrigerator via bluetooth, BTLE or NFC.

Food record

The food menu that described application also can be recommended based on grocery store's Shopping List (its can (such as) list for maintaining in described application) and described application and the project of the food being recorded as user is provided.At the meals of cooking in advance (such as, freezing meal) or before eating without any need for the agricultural product of further process, user can input their food size (or when user when eating whole meals, user may not need input food size) simply and will complete food record subsequently.Because grocery store's list or menu provide definite brand and the labelling of some food, so nutritional information more accurately can be recorded in the account of user.

When user record passes through the food item of cooking in accordance with applying the menu of advising, described application can calculate nutritional information from composition and cooking process.This can provide than end product/meals simple tissue more accurately to calorie take in estimation, because many menus exist with the food preparing particular type, such as, the meat ball of Italian noodle made by useful medicated beer, turkey, Carnis Sus domestica etc., and described meat ball can comprise carbohydrate in various degree.

The sports metering of sensor device is used to obtain

In certain embodiments, sensor can be arranged on the rackets such as such as tennis racket, thus contribute to the different paddlings measuring player.This is applicable to great majority (if not all) racket motion, including (but not limited to) tennis, racquetball, squash, table tennis, shuttlecock, lacrosse etc., and the motion played with bat as baseball, softball, cricket etc.Similar technology also can be used to measure the different aspect of golf.Such device can be arranged on the bottom of racket, on handle or usually be arranged on the shock absorber on cord.This device can have various sensor, such as accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, strain transducer and/or mike.The host computer system that can store in this locality from the data of these sensors or wirelessly be transmitted on smart phone or other wireless receiver.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, the wrist installing type biometric monitoring arrangement comprising accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, mike etc. can perform the similar analysis of game to user or motion.This biometric monitoring arrangement can take to be worn on the form of wrist-watch in the wrist of user or other belt.Can use and measure or detect bat or the shock moment between racket and ball and this data wireless is transmitted into the racket of wrist installing type biometric monitoring arrangement or bat installing type sensor can be used for by measuring the accuracy improving this little algorithm with the collision time of ball exactly.

Wrist and racket/bat installing type device can contribute to the different aspect of game measuring user, including (but not limited to) the number of the number of paddling type (forehand, counterattack, service, tiltedly to hit), forehand, counterattack, ball direction of rotation, on revolve, the angular velocity, recoil, hit energy, impact concordance etc. of percentage ratio of serving a ball, racket head.Mike or strain transducer can be used as the supplementary moment identifying ball impact racket/bat of accelerometer.In cricket and baseball, such device can measure recoil, the angular velocity, offside to the impact number on lower limb side (baseball) of bat when clashing into.The number and the number of defence to attack paddling that swing and lose ball can also be measured.Such device can also have wireless transmitter this statistical data be transmitted in real time scoreboard or be transmitted into the individual device of being held by spectators.

Wrist or racket installing type device can have a small amount of button (such as, two), and it can be used indicate tennis when to win or when the error of unforced occurs by player.This will allow algorithm to calculate winner and as the mark of error of forehand to the unforced of counterattack.Described algorithm also can follow the tracks of the number of the ace in tennis to double fault.If two players use this type systematic, so described system also automatically can follow the tracks of score.

Based on the ECG of handle grip for bicycle bar

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, the electrode contacted with left hand and the electrode contacted with the right hand (such as, ECG heart rate measurement) can be used to monitor the heart rate of user.Because need user to catch the either side of contact handle bar by bike, so this specific activities is suitable for using ECG technology to follow the tracks of user's heart rate well.By being embedded in by electrode in handlebar or handlebar handle or tape, when user holds handlebar, just can measure the heart rate of user.For the bicycle (contrary with use handlebar tape) with handle, electrode can be incorporated in the special handle that can be used for replacing existing handle (such as, being generally the handle that nonconducting factory installs).Left handle and right handle can be electrically connected to (such as) and use electric wire to measure the electronic device of ECG signal.When handlebar self-conductive, handlebar can be used for the one in handle being electrically connected to the electronic device measuring ECG signal.The electronic device measuring ECG signal can be incorporated in the one or both in handle.Or the electronic device measuring ECG signal can be arranged in independent shell.In one embodiment, this independent shell can be arranged on handle grip for bicycle bar or handle.It can have function and sensor (such as, velocity sensor, step sensor, GPS sensor) that typical bicycle computer has.It also can have atypical sensor, such as air velocity transducer, GSR sensor and acceierometer sensor (being also incorporated into potentially in handlebar).This embodiment can use technology described in the present invention to carry out computational activity tolerance, including (but not limited to) caloric burn, and these tolerance is transmitted into secondary and three stage arrangements (such as, smart phone and server).

In the part that the electrode of ECG can be incorporated into bicycle or adnexa, instead of be incorporated in handle tape and handlebar handle, such as, be incorporated into glove, brake cover, brake lever, or in handlebar self.These electrodes or extra electrode can be used to measure GSR, body fat and hydration using supplementing or substituting as heart rate.In an example, the conductive filament in the handle tape being sewn on and handlebar is installed (as ECG electrode) can be used to measure the heart rate of user.Handle tape electrode can be connected to central bicycle computer unit, and described central bicycle computer unit contains electronic device to measure GSR, hydration and/or heart rate.Biometric monitoring arrangement can show this information over the display.If the hydration of user or heart rate exceed a certain threshold value, so can reminding user drink more, drink less, gain in strength or reduce intensity.When bicycle computer only measures the one or both in GSR, hydration or heart rate, algorithm can be used estimate the tolerance that cannot directly measure.For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement only can measure heart rate and duration of exercise, so can use the combination of heart rate and duration of exercise to estimate hydration and when user should drink water reminding user.Similarly, reminding user when can use heart rate and duration of exercise should eat or drink thing (such as, sports drink) in addition to water user.

Indirect measurement is estimated

Bicycle computer measures multiple tolerance usually, including (but not limited to) speed, step, power and wind speed.When portable monitoring device do not measure these tolerance or not with can supply these devices measure communicate, the sensor that has of described portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can be used to infer that these and other is measured.In one embodiment, described portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can measure heart rate.It can use this measured value to infer/amount of power of estimating user positive output.Age, other tolerance such as height and body weight of such as user can contribute to informing dynamometry value.The speed that such as GPS measures, height above sea level increase/reduce, bicycle posture (measuring inclination or the gradient on slope), and the extra sensing data such as accelerometer signal can be used for informing that power is estimated further.In one embodiment, the relation of the approximately linear between heart rate and Power output can be used to calculate the Power output of user.

In one embodiment, when user from portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement and when can be used as baseline between alignment epoch but obtain data at the secondary device that time does not after a while use, calibration phase (such as, energy meter) can be there is.This can allow the relation between the sensing data determining to be measured by portable monitoring device and the sensing data measured by secondary device.Subsequently when there is not secondary device to calculate by secondary device but the estimated value of the data clearly do not provided by biometric monitoring arrangement time, this relation can be used.

The Automatic dispatching of based upon activities

In one embodiment; requirement of the advancing (working that can be user scheduling every day based on the information in the calendar of user (or Email or text message); come off duty, between meeting), target meets daily routines target or long term activity of earthquake target.The historical data of user can be used to help plan meet target and also have required both transit times.This feature can combine with friend or work together.Described scheduling can so complete, and friend is met with on the road that user can be gone to work in its walking, or on Na Tiaolu, meets with colleague carry out meeting (but user may need set meeting point).If there is real-time Communication for Power between the biometric monitoring arrangement and the friend of user of user, if indicate their friend to run more late from the data of the biometric monitoring arrangement of friend, the route that so bootable user's walking is longer.

In another embodiment, (all or part of) walking/running/healthy route can be advised based on the nearness of user and user to user.For these data of recommending a bit also can or extraly based on the GPS information from other users.If there is real-time Communication for Power, so user can be directed to the busy route of preference or quiet route.Be realised that and system recommendations route can be allowed to come the health level of match user and desired exercise/effort level about the heart rate of other users and basic health and fitness information.This information can again for planning to user/guide the activity/health objectives of longer-term.

Position/background sensing and application

By one or more method, the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement disclosed herein has the sensor of position or the background (such as, in bus, in the car) can determining or estimate biometric monitoring arrangement at home.Dedicated location sensor can be used, such as GPS, GLONASS or other GNSS (GLONASS) sensor.Or cocoa uses the sensor of lower accuracy to infer, estimate or guess position.Be difficult in some embodiments of the position knowing user wherein, user's input can assist the position and/or background of determining user.For example, if sensing data makes to be difficult to determine that user is in the car or in bus, so biometric monitoring arrangement or the portable electron device communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement or the Cloud Server that communicates with biometric monitoring arrangement can present inquiry to user, thus ask user that they ride in a bus or by bus today.Similar inquiry can be carried out for the position except vehicle background.For example, if sensing data indicating user completes strenuous exercise, but there is not the position data that indicating user goes to body-building shop, so can ask user whether they have gone to body-building shop today.

Vehicle transport detects

In certain embodiments, the portable electron device that can use the sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement and/or communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement and/or the Cloud Server that communicates with biometric monitoring arrangement are to determine that user is or once in the vehicle (if there is) of what type.It should be noted that in the examples below, the sensor in one or more biometric monitoring arrangement communication and/or portable electron device can be used for sensing coherent signal.It shall yet further be noted that and can use the such as specific network protocols such as WiFi or bluetooth in the following description, also can use one or more alternative protocols such as such as RFID, NFC or cellular phone etc.

In one embodiment, can use the detection of the blue-tooth device be associated with vehicle to infer that user is in vehicle.For example, user can have the automobile having bluetooth multimedia system.When user and their automobile touch obtain enough near and long enough cycle, sensor device can the bluetooth recognition of identification multimedia system and hypothesis user in the car.Data from other sensor can be used to confirm the hypothesis of user in vehicle.Can use from the data of other sensor or signal to confirm that user's example in the car comprises higher than the GPS velocity measurement of 30mph and the accelerometer signal as characteristic in the car.The intrinsic Information Availability of bluetooth ID is in the Wi-Fi router or the type of vehicle that determine that it is vehicle.For example, the bluetooth ID of the router in automobile can be " Audi's car inner multimedia ".Keyword " Audi " or " car " can be used for conjecture router and are associated with type of vehicle " automobile ".Or, the data base of vehicle that can use bluetooth ID and be associated.

In one embodiment, by the user of biometric monitoring arrangement or the data base of vehicle that created by portable communication appts data or upgrade bluetooth ID and be associated.This can the auxiliary lower of user's input and/or do not have user to input auxiliary under complete.In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement can determine its whether in vehicle, type of vehicle or particular vehicle and do not use bluetooth ID and it runs into the bluetooth ID of movement together with vehicle, so it can be sent to central database being the bluetooth ID corresponding with vehicle by catalog classification by bluetooth ID with about the information of vehicle.Or, if user the input of previous time point about they or once vehicle wherein information and there is the time durations that indicates them once in described vehicle user or close to the bluetooth ID run into during the described time, so bluetooth ID and information of vehicles can be sent to central database and be associated with each other.

In another embodiment, can use the detection of the Wi-Fi device be associated with vehicle to infer that user is in that vehicle or type of vehicle.Some trains, bus, aircraft, automobile and other vehicle have Wi-Fi router wherein.Can detect and use the SSID of router to infer or assist deduction user in particular vehicle or type of vehicle.

In one embodiment, the user of applicable biological metering monitoring arrangement or the data base of vehicle that created by portable communication appts data or upgrade SSID and be associated.This can the auxiliary lower of user's input and/or do not have user to input auxiliary under complete.In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement can determine its whether in vehicle, type of vehicle or particular vehicle and do not use SSID and it runs into the SSID of movement together with vehicle, so biometric monitoring arrangement can be sent to central database being the SSID corresponding with vehicle by catalog classification by SSID with about the information of vehicle.Or, if user the input of previous time point about they or once vehicle wherein information and there is the time durations that indicates them once in described vehicle user or close to the SSID run into during the described time, so SSID and information of vehicles can be sent to central database and be associated with each other.

In another embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement, the track of user can be determined by use location sensor.The data base of this track from the route being used for different passage mode can be compared subsequently.Passage mode can including (but not limited to) walking, running, by bike, drive, ride in a bus, by train, take advantage of tramcar, take the subway, and/or by motorcycle.If the track of user is well corresponding with the route of special pass pattern, so can suppose that user once used described passage mode during passing through the time cycle that described route spends.It should be noted that the speed of the section of route or route can improve the conjecture to passage mode.For example, bus and automobile both can adopt same routes, but bus can allow device to determine in the extra stop that bus station locates, and user once rode in a bus instead of automobile.Similarly, by bike and the differentiation between a route of driving assist by the typical differences of described speed between the two.When this speed difference also can be depending on day.For example, some routes can be slower due to automobile during peak period.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can detect user in vehicle or at du vehicule based on the measurement in the magnetic field of vehicle.In certain embodiments, also can use the magnetic field of the position (such as, railway station, subway station, bus stop, garage) be usually associated with vehicle sign to infer user current, will or in vehicle.Magnetic field signature can be non-time-varying or time become.

If determine user once in fact within cycle a period of time in vehicle, so can revise about user other tolerance with reflection state.Such as carried out step number can be measured at biometric monitoring arrangement and/or portable electron device, the activity metric such as distance, the height above sea level climbed and/or the calorie that burns that institute walk or runs, can be revised these based on the information of advancing about vehicle and measure.If user in vehicle period any carried out step number or the height above sea level climbed by record improperly, so can be removed from the record of the tolerance about user.Also can remove from the record of the tolerance about user the tolerance derived from the step number of the carrying out of recording improperly or the height above sea level climbed, the calorie that such as advanced Distance geometry burns.When determining that user is whether in vehicle in real time or quasi real time, can close detection not should in vehicle time measure tolerance (such as, the step number carried out or the stair climbed) sensor, or the algorithm can closed for measuring these tolerance, thus the tolerance preventing from recording improperly (and saving electric power).Should note, can record about vehicle use tolerance (such as, which bar route is the type of the vehicle taken advantage of, the time of taking advantage of, take, and route cost is how long) and after a while for presenting these data to user and/or correcting other the movable and physiological measurements about user.

Use the location sensing of bluetooth

Biometric monitoring arrangement also can use the method being similar to method as described above to determine that when user is close to static position.In one embodiment, the bluetooth ID from the computer (such as, tablet PC) at restaurant or shop place can be used for the position determining user.In another embodiment, the semifixed bluetooth ID from portable communication appts (such as, smart phone) can be used to determine the position of user.When semifixed bluetooth ID source, multiple bluetooth ID can be needed to reach the acceptable level of confidence of the position of user.For example, the data base of the bluetooth ID of the colleague of user can be created.If user is arranged in the scope of some persons of these bluetooth ID during the typical working time, so can suppose that user is in work.Also can use and two users are recorded to the detection of other bluetooth ID when meet by chance.For example, determine that user goes out to go jogging together with another user by analyzing pedometer data and bluetooth ID.This similar a little concept on March 5th, 2014 apply for the 61/948th, discuss in further detail in No. 468 U.S. Provisional Patent Application cases, and be previously incorporated to by reference about this little concept.

The uncertain tolerance of location-based GPS

When sensor signal and gps signal being merged with estimated information biometric (such as, step number, pace of life, speed, or the path of route), the quality of gps signal usually has an informedness very much.But, become when known gps signal quality is, and the one affected in the factor of signal quality is surrounding.

Use location information can carry out estimating GPS signal quality.Server can the map of memory area type, and number and kind wherein by worsening the object of gps signal carry out predefined area type.Described type can be such as: heavy construction object area, small building object area, open area, by aqua region and wood land.When GPS sensor is opened, several location estimation (its expection is more rough and incorrect) these area types can be inquired before it.Estimated by the coarse GPS of position, possible area type can be returned, and these area types can be considered when calculating gps signal q&r subsequently.

For example, if user urban canyons (by high constructure around region) in (such as, urban district, San Francisco) or near, so low definitiveness may be associated with any GNSS position measurement.This definitiveness can after a while by attempting at least partly determining that the algorithm of the track of user, speed and/or elevation uses based on gps data.

In one embodiment, the data from one or more GNSS sensor can be used automatically to create the data base of position and gps signal quality.By GNSS track and street map being compared and checking when GNSS sensor shows that user advances along street (such as, having the speed of 10mph or higher) but its track is not positioned at the characteristic on road, and automatically perform this and compare.Also can wherein there is high constructure from showing, the deterministic data base of GPS based on apparent position inferred by the map of valley or intensive forest.

Use the location sensing of vehicle GNSS and/or dead reckoning

Many vehicles have integrated form GNSS.The user without the vehicle of integrated form GNSS is usually their automobile purchase GNSS, and described GNSS is arranged in the visual field of driver usually non-permanently.In one embodiment, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can communicate with the GNSS system of vehicle.When the monitoring arrangement of portable biometric metering is wherein also for tracing positional, it can from vehicle GNSS receiving position information.It can enable biometric monitoring arrangement close the GNSS sensor (when it has described sensor) of himself, therefore reduces its power consumption.

Except GNSS position is detected, vehicle can launch and/or its data relative to the orientation in magnetic field of the earth directed about its steering wheel, using supplementing of its speed measured as such as using tire size and tire rotation speed.This Information Availability performs dead reckoning to determine track and/or position in the GNSS system at vehicle without GNSS system or vehicle cannot obtain reliable position measurement.The positional information that boat position is inferred can supplement the GNSS sensing data from biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can reduce its frequency to GNSS data sampling, and fills the position determined by dead reckoning in gap between GNSS position data.

The step counter data fusion determined with satellite-based position

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, can by the data fusion from various different sensors together to provide newly seeing clearly of the activity of the wearer about biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, data from the altimeter in biometric monitoring arrangement can with by performing peak detection analysis to the accelerometer data of the accelerometer from biometric monitoring arrangement, the step enumeration data that obtains combines, with the wearer determining biometric monitoring arrangement when (such as) stair climbing or walk to go up a slope (with sit elevator or escalator or smooth ground of passing by relative).

In another example of Data Fusion of Sensor, the data from such as discussed above step counter can carry out the fine estimation combining to be provided in given window total distance of advancing with the distance measure derived from gps data.For example, Kalman filter can be used to combine based on the distance of GPS or speed data and based on the distance of step counter or speed (using the step number of carrying out to be multiplied by span), to obtain meticulous distance estimations, described meticulous distance estimations comparable separately based on the distance of GPS or velocity measurement or based on the distance of step counter or velocity measurement more accurate.In another embodiment, the smoothing constant as the function of the leg speed rate by (such as) accelerometer measures can be used as to carry out filtering to the distance measure based on GPS.This little embodiment is discussed further in the 61/973rd of application on April 1st, 2014 the, in No. 614 U.S. Provisional Patent Application cases, described application case had previously been incorporated in " cross reference to related application " joint in this article by reference, and described application case is incorporated to about aiming at the content that uses the distance of data or velocity estimation from satellite-based navigation system and step sensor for countering to become more meticulous by reference at this again.

Biometric and environment/exercise performance correlation

Some embodiments of portable monitoring device described herein can detect several data, comprise biometric data, environmental data and activity data.To this data analysis all or user can be presented to the analysis of promotion to the degree of association between the data of two or more type.In one embodiment, the heart rate of user can be relevant to car speed, by bike speed, velocity, swimming rate or walking speed.For example, can be presented on to user and X-axis draws speed by bike and the chart drawing heart rate in Y-axis.In another example, the music that can listen to user of the heart rate of user is relevant.Biometric monitoring arrangement receives the data of once listening to what music about user by the wireless connections (such as, bluetooth) to auto radio.In another embodiment, but biometric monitoring arrangement also self serves as music player, and therefore can record when play which song.

Weight lifting is assisted

When there is no personal coach or partner auxiliary, may be difficult to suitably complete weight lifting routine.Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement by transmit to user they should go up lift each weight how long, they should how soon lifting heavy, how soon they should reduce weight and will perform the number of times of the repetition that each lifts, and can complete weight lifting routine by assisted user.Biometric monitoring arrangement can use one or more EMG sensor or strain transducer to measure the muscle contraction of user.Also by measuring the vibration of one or more body part (such as, use accelerometer), the antiperspirant of one or more body part (such as, use GSR sensor), rotate (such as, use gyroscope), and/or the temperature sensor on one or more body part, infer the muscle contraction of user.Or sensor can be placed in weight lifting equipment from when lifting to determine to use with it, and they lift or reduce speed, they lift the lasting time, and the number of repetition that their executed is lifted.

In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement or weight lifting equipment detect user just close to their failed limit (when user no longer can support weight), so weight lifting equipment can automatically lifting heavy or prevent weight from reducing.In another embodiment, the mechanical hand communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement or weight lifting equipment can automatically lifting heavy or prevent weight from reducing.This can allow user self pushed to their limit and do not need partner/witness (be used for lifting heavy in the event of a failure) and not from the injured risk falling weight.

Blood sugar level monitors auxiliary

In certain embodiments, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can be configured to the auxiliary user's (such as, diabetics) needing to monitor its blood sugar level.In one embodiment, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can infer the blood sugar level of user or the tolerance relevant to the blood sugar level of user indirectly.Can use except being generally used for sensor the supplementing or substituting or assisting as it as typical blood glucose supervision method monitored except the sensor of blood glucose supervision (using continuous print or discrete finger to puncture the sensor of type).For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can to user reminding, they should check its blood sugar level based on the data from the sensor measurement on biometric monitoring arrangement.If user has performed the activity of certain type in certain hour amount, so their blood sugar level may reduce, and therefore, biometric monitoring arrangement can display alarm, produce audible prompts, or vibration, thus their blood glucose of reminding user may be lower and they should use typical blood glucose measuring device (such as, finger punctures the blood glucose monitor of type) to check blood glucose.Biometric monitoring arrangement can allow user to input the blood sugar level measured from blood-glucose meter.Or, can by blood sugar measured the 3rd device (such as, smart phone or server) being automatically transmitted into biometric monitoring arrangement and/or directly or indirectly communicating with biometric monitoring arrangement.This blood sugar measured can be used for, informs the algorithm used by biometric monitoring arrangement is to determine when the prompting of next blood sugar level should be delivered to user.They also can eat by user, eating or planning to eat the device what food is input to biometric monitoring arrangement or directly or indirectly communicates with biometric monitoring arrangement.This information also can be used for determining when to check their blood sugar level by reminding user.Other tolerance described herein and sensing data (such as, heart rate data) also can be used either individually or in combination to determine when to check their blood glucose by reminding user.

Except reminding when checking blood sugar level, biometric monitoring arrangement also can show the estimation of current blood glucose level.In another embodiment, can by secondary device (such as, smart phone or server) use and present to user (such as from the data of biometric monitoring arrangement with the blood sugar level of estimating user and/or by these data, by showing described data on smart phone, on webpage, and/or pass through via data described in radio transmitting).

Biometric monitoring arrangement also can be used for making exercise, diet relevant to blood sugar level with other factors.This can understand these factors to the front of their blood sugar level or counter productive by assisted user.Different devices can be used (such as by user, finger punch through style monitor or continuous blood sugar monitor), by biometric monitoring arrangement self, and/or by deduction blood sugar level or the tolerance relevant to blood sugar level using other sensor, measure the blood sugar level relevant to activity.In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, user can wear continuous blood sugar monitoring arrangement and biometric monitoring arrangement.Data about movable and blood sugar level can automatically be uploaded to the 3rd accountant (such as, server) by these two devices.Server can present to user with data described in post analysis and/or by described data, makes the relation of user clearly between their activity and blood sugar level.Described server also can receive the input (such as, user can input them and eat what food) of the diet about user and make described diet relevant to blood sugar level.Understand by helping user the blood sugar level how diet, exercise and other factors (such as, nervous) affect them, biometric monitoring arrangement can assist the user suffering from diabetes.

UV exposes detection

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can monitor the individual exposure to UV radiation.By one or more sensor measurement UVA and UVB.For example, the photodiode with the band filter only making UVA pass through can detect UVA and expose, and the photodiode with the band filter only making UVB pass through can detect UVB exposure.Camera or reflexometer (determining that luminous reflectance leaves optical transmitting set and the photodetector of the efficiency of skin) also can be used to measure the cutaneous pigmentation of user.Use UVA, UVB and cutaneous pigmentation data, biometric monitoring arrangement can provide the information of the UV exposed amount be subject to about it to user.Biometric monitoring arrangement also can provide about to the over-exposure of UV, sunburn probability and increase the estimation of probability or the warning of its risk of skin cancer.

The screen power using user to there is sensor is saved

Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can have one or more display so that information is presented to user.In one embodiment, the sensor on biometric monitoring arrangement can determine that user is just using biometric monitoring arrangement and/or wearing biometric monitoring arrangement to determine the state of display.For example, the biometric monitoring arrangement with PPG sensor can use PPG sensor as proximity sensor to determine when user wears biometric monitoring arrangement.If user adorns oneself with biometric monitoring arrangement, the typicalness that so state (such as, color LCD screen) of screen can be turned off from it changes to " connection " or " stand-by ".

Save relative to the power of satellite-based position determination system

In some embodiments, be included in some system in biometric monitoring arrangement may with the power of the relatively large amount of other system phase specific consumption in biometric monitoring arrangement.Owing to the little space constraint of many biometric monitoring arrangements, this can have a strong impact on the overall cell charge life of biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, in some biometric monitoring arrangements, satellite-based position determination system can be comprised.Whenever the data acquisition location using satellite-based position determination system to use from gps satellite group, it uses the power drawn from biometric monitoring arrangement battery.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured to change the frequency that satellite-based position determination system is located based on the data acquisition of one or more sensor from biometric monitoring arrangement.This adaptive location frequency functionalities can help power saving still to allow satellite-based position determination system to provide location with useful interval (in due course) simultaneously.

For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement has ambient light sensor, eucoen metering monitoring arrangement may indoor but not in outdoor to determine illumination condition for the data that so can use from ambient light sensor.If in indoor, so biometric monitoring arrangement can cause location frequency to be set to level lower than seeming eucoen metering monitoring arrangement spendable location frequency when outdoor at illumination condition.This has the effect reducing the location number of times that biometric monitoring arrangement is attempted when indoor, and therefore unlikely uses satellite-based position determination system to obtain good location.

In another example, if the wearer of the motion sensor eucoen metering monitoring arrangement of biometric monitoring arrangement maintains static in fact, such as sleep or cardinal principle are not moved and are greater than several feet per minute, the location frequency of so satellite-based position determination system can be set to and measure the wearer of monitoring arrangement at the volley (such as than motion sensor eucoen, from a position walking or run to another location, such as, be mobilely greater than several feet) the low level of situation.

In a further example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured to determine in fact whether biometric monitoring arrangement worn by people, if not, so location frequency can be set to than biometric monitoring arrangement in fact by level that situation about wearing is low by biometric monitoring arrangement.Can such as the exercise data eucoen metering monitoring arrangement collected from the motion sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement maintain static in fact (such as, even show wearer sleep or sitting time biometric monitoring arrangement experience little mobile time also not maintain static) time or carry out whether being determined by this wearing about biometric monitoring arrangement when the data instruction such as from heartbeat waveform sensor does not detect heart rate.For optics heartbeat waveform sensor, if there is few change in the light quantity detected in light detecting sensors at light source switches and when turning off, so this can indicate the following fact: heartbeat waveform sensor does not compress the skin of people, and infers that biometric monitoring arrangement is not worn.This self adaptation satellite-based position determination system location frequency concept is discussed in the 61/955th of application on March 18th, 2014 the in more detail, in No. 045 U.S. Provisional Patent Application case, described U.S. Provisional Patent Application case had previously been incorporated herein by reference and the content again hereby pointed out about power saving place in the context of satellite-based position determination system and being incorporated to by reference in " cross reference to related application " part.

Should be appreciated that, except comprising the feature hereafter discussed more in detail, biometric monitoring arrangement also can comprise to be discussed above or is being incorporated to one or more feature or function discussed in the various application cases in discussing with way of reference above.This little embodiment is interpreted as within the scope of the invention.

There is the many concepts and embodiment that describe and illustrate herein.Although describe in this article and some embodiment, feature, attribute and advantage are described, should be understood that from describing and obviously many other and different and/or similar embodiment, feature, attribute and advantage being described.Thus, above embodiment only provides as an example.It is not intended to detailed or limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, technology, material and/or configuration.According to the present invention, many amendments and change are possible.Should be understood that and can utilize other embodiment, and operation change can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.Thus, scope of the present invention is not limited in above description, because present the description of above embodiment for the object illustrated and describe.

Importantly, the present invention had both been not limited to any single aspect or embodiment, was also not limited thereto any combination and/or the arrangement of a little aspect and/or embodiment.In addition, each in aspect of the present invention and/or embodiment can be used individually or in conjunction with one or many person in other side and/or embodiments of the invention.For for purpose of brevity, will not discuss individually in this article and/or the many persons in those arrangements and combination are described.

Claims

1. what use comprised multiple sensor wears the method that user's heart rate determined by biometric monitoring arrangement, and described multiple sensor comprises heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, and described method comprises:

A () collects the concurrent output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from described motion detection sensor, the information of the heart rate about described user is wherein provided from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor, and wherein provides the information of the periodicity health movement about the described user except heart beating from the described output data of described motion detection sensor;

B () determines the cyclical component of the described output data from described motion detection sensor;

C () uses the described cyclical component from the described output data of described motion detection sensor to remove corresponding cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor;

D () determines the heart rate of described user; And

E () presents the heart rate of described user.

2. what use comprised multiple sensor wears the method that user's heart rate determined by biometric monitoring arrangement, and described multiple sensor comprises heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, and described method comprises:

C () carries out filtering to remove the change slower relative to expection heart rate to the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor, the high-pass filtering that wherein said filtering produces from described heartbeat waveform sensor exports data;

D () determines the heart rate of described user; And

E () presents the heart rate of described user.

3. what use comprised multiple sensor wears the method that user's heart rate determined by biometric monitoring arrangement, and described multiple sensor comprises heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, and described method comprises:

(c) process from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor to remove described cyclical component from the described output data from described heartbeat waveform sensor;

D () uses the described output data from described motion detection sensor to determine the scope of expection heart rate;

E described output data that () produces from (c) determine the heart rate of described user, and the wherein said heart rate determined is present in the described scope of expection heart rate; And

F () presents the heart rate of described user.

4. what use comprised multiple sensor wears the method that user's heart rate determined by biometric monitoring arrangement, and described multiple sensor comprises heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, and described method comprises:

C (), according to the described output data of cycle of operation process from described heartbeat waveform sensor, wherein said process comprises and always removes described cyclical component from the described output data of described heartbeat waveform sensor;

D () determines the heart rate of described user; And

E () presents the heart rate of described user.

5. can wear a body-building monitoring arrangement, it comprises:

Motion sensor, it is configured to the output providing the motion carried out corresponding to the user wearing described body-building monitoring arrangement;

Heartbeat waveform sensor; And

Comprise the control logic of instruction, described instruction is used for:

D () determines the heart rate of described user; And

E () presents the heart rate of described user.

6. can wear a body-building monitoring arrangement, it comprises:

Heartbeat waveform sensor; And

Comprise the control logic of instruction, described instruction is used for:

D () determines the heart rate of described user; And

E () presents the heart rate of described user.

7. can wear a body-building monitoring arrangement, it comprises:

Heartbeat waveform sensor; And

Comprise the control logic of instruction, described instruction is used for:

F () presents the heart rate of described user.

8. can wear a body-building monitoring arrangement, it comprises:

Heartbeat waveform sensor; And

Comprise the control logic of instruction, described instruction is used for:

D () determines the heart rate of described user; And

E () presents the heart rate of described user.