CN104207756B

CN104207756B - Wearable heart rate monitor

Info

Publication number: CN104207756B
Application number: CN201410243178.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 萨博拉曼尼姆·文卡特拉曼; 谢尔顿·杰骄·袁
Original assignee: Fitbit LLC
Current assignee: Feibit Co ltd
Priority date: 2013-06-03
Filing date: 2014-06-03
Publication date: 2018-02-23
Anticipated expiration: 2034-06-03
Also published as: CN106333667B; CN106073737A; CN106333667A; CN104207756A; CN106073737B

Abstract

Present application is to be directed to wearable heart rate monitor.Biometric monitoring arrangement is determining the heart rate of user by using heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor.In certain embodiments, described device collects the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from the motion detection sensor, the cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor is detected, and corresponding cyclical component is removed from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor using the cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor.According to this result, described device can determine that and present the heart rate of the user.

Description

Wearable heart rate monitor

Technical field

The present invention be directed to wearable heart rate monitor.

Background technology

The concern of consumer recently to personal health has caused commercially to provide a variety of personal health monitoring arrangements.Until Recently, this little device often uses complexity and is generally designed for an activity, such as cycle touring computer.

The recent advances of sensor, electronic device and power supply miniaturization have allowed personal health monitoring arrangement (herein Also known as " biometric tracking " or " biometric monitoring " device) size carried with previous unpractical minimum size For.For example, Fitbit Ultra are about 2 inches long, 0.75 inch wide and 0.5 inch of depth biometric monitoring arrangement； It has the encapsulation pixellated display in small volume, battery, sensor, wireless communication ability, power supply and interface button herein, And the integrated intermediate plate of the other parts for attaching the device to pocket or clothes.

The present invention is provided to activate to monitor based on the HR of user movement and skin proximity in a manner of having energy benefits The method and device of device.The LED also provided for operating heart rate monitor and photoelectric detector of the invention are directed to for example with obtaining The method of the accurate reading for the heart rate that the different user such as colour of skin characteristic is worked out.

The content of the invention

Control logic generally but not one is positioned on body-building monitoring arrangement.The control logic can be embodied as hardware, software, Firmware or its any combinations.The data used when performing instruction described herein by control logic can be by can be completely resident On device or part resides on the storages such as the associated memory matched on servicing unit, register (for example, buffering).Under Text is presented for implementing the suitable of control logic referring to such as Figure 11 A to 11G, 12A to 12C, 13A to 13B and 14A to 14D The example of framework.

Present application offer is a kind of to determine user's heart rate using the wearing biometric monitoring arrangement for including multiple sensors Method, the multiple sensor includes heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, and methods described includes：(a) collect The concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from the motion detection sensor, wherein The output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides the information of the heart rate on the user, and wherein comes from institute The output data offer for stating motion detection sensor is moved on the periodicity body of the user in addition to heartbeat Information；(b) cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor is determined；(c) using from institute The cyclical component of the output data of motion detection sensor is stated from from described in the heartbeat waveform sensor Output data removes corresponding cyclical component；(d) heart rate of the user is determined；And the heart rate of the user is presented in (e).

In some instances, methods described further comprises from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor Remove the harmonic wave of the corresponding cyclical component.

In some instances, wherein the cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor For from the periodicity of the user movement caused by fundamental frequency.

In some instances, wherein removing corresponding periodicity from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor Component is included sef-adapting filter applied to the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and from the fortune The output data of dynamic detection sensor.

In some instances, wherein removing corresponding periodicity from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor Component is included sef-adapting filter application of function in the output data from the motion detection sensor, described adaptive Answer filter function minimize the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor with from motion detection sensor Difference between the output data.

In some instances, method further comprises：Determine the activity level and/or Activity Type of user；And based on use The activity level and/or Activity Type at family determine the parameter of function.

In some instances, method further comprises：The output data from motion detection sensor is analyzed to infer use Family is substantially static；And temporarily hang up (c).

In some instances, wherein by motion sensor senses to periodicity movement for wearer limbs move.

In some instances, ankle when wherein limbs movement is walking, stroke, cycling rotates and on aerobic machine Leg movement.

In some instances, wherein motion detection sensor is accelerometer or gyroscope.

In some instances, wherein heartbeat waveform sensor includes photoelectricity volume map sensor or ECG sensor.

Under some examples, wherein including from heartbeat waveform sensor collection output data：Make wearing at the first frequency Light source pulsation in biometric monitoring arrangement；And the light from light source is detected at the first frequency.

Under some examples, wherein making light source pulsation include launching a system of virtually constant intensity at the first frequency Row light pulse.

Under some examples, the heart rate of wherein presentation user is included in wear is presented heart rate on biometric monitoring arrangement.

Under some examples, the heart rate of wherein presentation user is included in periodically to be led to wearing biometric monitoring arrangement Heart rate is presented on the external device (ED) of letter.

Present application further provides for a kind of using the wearing biometric monitoring arrangement determination use for including multiple sensors The method of family heart rate, the multiple sensor include heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, and methods described includes： (a) the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and the output number from the motion detection sensor are collected According to wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides the information of the heart rate on the user, and its In the output data from the motion detection sensor periodicity on the user in addition to heartbeat is provided The information of body movement；(b) cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor is determined；(c) it is right The output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is filtered to remove relative to the slower change of expected heart rate, its Described in filtering produce the high-pass filtering output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor；(d) heart rate of the user is determined； And the heart rate of the user is presented in (e).

In some instances, method further comprises：Use the output data from the motion detection sensor The cyclical component from from the heartbeat waveform sensor through high-pass filtering output data remove it is corresponding periodically point Amount.

In some instances, removed wherein filtering from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor less than about 0.6Hz's Frequency.

In some instances, removed wherein filtering from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor less than about 0.3Hz's Frequency.

In some instances, method further comprises：It is determined that being expected heart rate, and the height for filtering is set from expected heart rate Passband rate.

In some instances, wherein determining that expected heart rate includes output data of the analysis from motion detection sensor.

In some instances, wherein analyzing the output data from motion detection sensor includes inferring User Activity water It is flat.

In some instances, wherein analyzing the output data from motion detection sensor includes the strong of detection User Activity The type of degree or User Activity.

In some instances, wherein the type of detection User Activity is run, walks, stands, is seated or lain down including detection.

In some instances, wherein the intensity of detection User Activity includes detection running or walking.

In some instances, method further comprises：The quiet heart rate of user is determined, wherein filtering removal is approximately less than user The frequency of the frequency of heart rate.

In some instances, wherein determine user quiet heart rate be included in its be waken up and it is still static in bed after just Measure user¹Heart rate.

In some instances, wherein determining that the user of measurement user when the quiet heart rate of user is included in user's sleep is averaged Heart rate.

In some instances, wherein determining that the quiet heart rate of user is included in user and awakens and carry out user's heart rate when static Multiple measurements.

Present application further provides for a kind of using the wearing biometric monitoring arrangement determination use for including multiple sensors The method of family heart rate, the multiple sensor include heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, and methods described includes： (a) the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and the output number from the motion detection sensor are collected According to wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides the information of the heart rate on the user, and its In the output data from the motion detection sensor periodicity on the user in addition to heartbeat is provided The information of body movement；(b) cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor is determined；(c) place The output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is managed with from the output number from the heartbeat waveform sensor According to the removal cyclical component；(d) expected heart rate is determined using the output data from the motion detection sensor Scope；(e) the caused output data determines the heart rate of the user from (c), wherein the heart rate of the determination is present In in the scope of expected heart rate；And the heart rate of the user is presented in (f).

In some instances, wherein determining the scope of expected heart rate includes：(i) in the output from motion detection sensor Data instruction user determines the heart rate of user when substantially static；(ii) always week of the output data of autokinesis detection sensor Phase property component determines the activity level and/or Activity Type of user；And (iii) from the user's heart rate determined in (i) and (ii) User Activity determined in is horizontal and/or Activity Type determines to be expected the scope of heart rate.

In some instances, wherein the minimum expected heart rate in the scope of expected heart rate is more than the user of determination in (i) Heart rate.

In some instances, wherein determining the Activity Type of user includes the output data of always autokinesis detection sensor In the information inference Activity Type that contains or detection Activity Type manually type in selection.

In some instances, wherein determining the scope of expected heart rate includes the output data of always autokinesis detection sensor Determine the cadence of user.

In some instances, wherein determining that the heart rate of user includes calculating the spectral density of caused output data in (c).

Present application further provides for a kind of using the wearing biometric monitoring arrangement determination use for including multiple sensors The method of family heart rate, the multiple sensor include heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, and methods described includes： (a) the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and the output number from the motion detection sensor are collected According to wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides the information of the heart rate on the user, and its In the output data from the motion detection sensor periodicity on the user in addition to heartbeat is provided The information of body movement；(b) cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor is determined；(c) root The output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is handled according to working cycles, wherein the processing is included from from described The output data of heartbeat waveform sensor removes the cyclical component；(d) heart rate of the user is determined；And (e) The heart rate of the user is presented.

In some instances, wherein working cycles include being used to obtain the collection output data from heartbeat waveform sensor And the operational phase of about 5 to 15 seconds of the heart rate of user is determined, it followed by the inactive stage.

In some instances, wherein separately about 1 to 10 minutes continuously active stage.

In some instances, wherein asking the user of heart rate measurement to input and the triggered activity stage by receiving.

In some instances, the heart is come from wherein being collected in (a) in the period per minute of working cycles in about 5 to 15 seconds Jump the output data of model transducer and the output data from motion detection sensor.

In some instances, method further comprises：Detection user attempts to read heart rate；And temporarily stop working cycles.

In some instances, method further comprises：It is low to infer to analyze the output data from motion detection sensor Activity level；And temporarily stop working cycles.

Present application further provides for a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, and it includes：Motion sensor, it is configured to The output for corresponding to the motion that the user for wearing the body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out is provided；Heartbeat waveform sensor；And bag The control logic of instruction is included, described instruct is used for：(a) collect the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and Output data from the motion detection sensor, wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides On the information of the heart rate of the user, and the output data wherein from the motion detection sensor provide on except The information of the periodicity body movement of the user outside heartbeat；(b) institute from the motion detection sensor is determined State the cyclical component of output data；(c) using the cycle of the output data from the motion detection sensor Property component remove corresponding cyclical component from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor；(d) use is determined The heart rate at family；And the heart rate of the user is presented in (e).

In some instances, wherein heartbeat waveform sensor is photoelectricity volume map sensor, and it includes (i) periodicity light Source, (ii) be located to the skin with user interact after receive by light source transmitting periodicity light photodetector and (iii) circuit of the heart rate of user is determined from the output of photodetector.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor is included across two periodicity light sources on the photo-detector.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor further comprises with the dimple for being mounted with photodetector Shell.

In some instances, the shell of wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor further comprises be mounted with periodicity light source Two dimples.

In some instances, wherein shell extrudes the wearable body-building monitoring of the skin of user when being arranged to and wearing Prominent at least about 1mm on the surface of base of device.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor further comprises being configured to prominent shell extruding user Skin when resistance compression spring.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor further comprises on photodetector and periodicity light source IML films.

In some instances, wherein periodicity light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises for from from described in the heartbeat waveform sensor Output data removes the instruction of the harmonic wave of the corresponding cyclical component.

In some instances, wherein for removing corresponding week from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor The instruction of phase property component includes being used to sef-adapting filter being applied to the output number from the heartbeat waveform sensor According to and from the motion detection sensor the output data instruction.

In some instances, wherein for removing corresponding week from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor The instruction of phase property component includes being used for sef-adapting filter application of function in from the described defeated of the motion detection sensor Go out the instruction of data, the sef-adapting filter function minimize the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor with Difference between the output data from motion detection sensor.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises the instruction for being operated below：Determine user's Activity level and/or Activity Type；And activity level based on user and/or Activity Type determine the parameter of function.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises the instruction for being operated below：Analysis is from fortune The output data of dynamic detection sensor is to infer that user is substantially static；And temporarily hang up (c).

Under some examples, wherein for from the instruction of heartbeat waveform sensor collection output data include being used for carrying out with The instruction of lower operation：The light source in wearable biometric monitoring arrangement is set to pulse at the first frequency；And at the first frequency Detect the light from light source.

Under some examples, wherein being used to launch substantial perseverance at the first frequency including the instruction that light source is pulsed A series of instruction of light pulses of fixed intensity.

Under some examples, wherein the instruction for the heart rate of presentation user includes being used to monitor in wearable biometric The instruction of heart rate is presented on device.

Under some examples, wherein the instruction for the heart rate of presentation user includes being used to supervise with wearable biometric The instruction of heart rate is presented on the external device (ED) that view apparatus periodically communicates.

Present application further provides for a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, and it includes：Motion sensor, it is configured to The output for corresponding to the motion that the user for wearing the body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out is provided；Heartbeat waveform sensor；And bag The control logic of instruction is included, described instruct is used for：(a) collect the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and Output data from the motion detection sensor, wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides On the information of the heart rate of the user, and the output data wherein from the motion detection sensor provide on except The information of the periodicity body movement of the user outside heartbeat；(b) institute from the motion detection sensor is determined State the cyclical component of output data；(c) output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is filtered to move Except the change slower relative to heart rate is expected, wherein the high-pass filtering of the filtering generation from the heartbeat waveform sensor is defeated Go out data；(d) heart rate of the user is determined；And the heart rate of the user is presented in (e).

In some instances, wherein periodicity light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises for using the institute from the motion detection sensor The cyclical component of output data is stated to remove pair through high-pass filtering output data from from the heartbeat waveform sensor Answer the instruction of cyclical component.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for filtering includes being used for from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor Remove the instruction of the frequency less than about 0.6Hz.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for filtering includes being used for from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor Remove the instruction of the frequency less than about 0.3Hz.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises being used to determine to be expected heart rate and used from expected heart rate setting In the instruction of the high-pass equipment of filtering.

In some instances, wherein for determining that the instruction for being expected heart rate includes being used to analyze coming from motion detection sensor Output data instruction.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for analyzing the output data from motion detection sensor includes being used to push away The horizontal instruction of disconnected User Activity.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for analyzing the output data from motion detection sensor includes being used to examine Survey the instruction of the intensity of User Activity or the type of User Activity.

In some instances, wherein the instruction of the type for detecting User Activity includes being used to detect running, walking, stood The instruction stood, be seated or lain down.

In some instances, wherein the instructing for intensity for detecting User Activity includes being used to detect what is run or walk Instruction.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises the instruction of the quiet heart rate for determining user, and its In be used for filter instruction include be used for remove be approximately less than user heart rate frequency frequency instruction.

In some instances, wherein the instruction of the quiet heart rate for determining user includes being used to be waken up at it and still exist It is static on bed just to measure user afterwards¹Heart rate instruction.

In some instances, wherein the instruction of the quiet heart rate for determining user includes being used to measure when user sleeps The instruction of user's average heart rate of user.

In some instances, wherein for determine user quiet heart rate instruction include be used for user awakening and it is static The instruction of multiple measurements of Shi Jinhang user's heart rate.

Present application further provides for a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, and it includes：Motion sensor, it is configured to The output for corresponding to the motion that the user for wearing the body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out is provided；Heartbeat waveform sensor；And bag The control logic of instruction is included, described instruct is used for：(a) collect the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and Output data from the motion detection sensor, wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides On the information of the heart rate of the user, and the output data wherein from the motion detection sensor provide on except The information of the periodicity body movement of the user outside heartbeat；(b) institute from the motion detection sensor is determined State the cyclical component of output data；(c) output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is handled with from from institute The output data for stating heartbeat waveform sensor removes the cyclical component；(d) sensed using from the motion detection The output data of device determines the scope of expected heart rate；(e) the caused output data determines the user's from (c) Heart rate, wherein the heart rate of the determination is present in the scope of expected heart rate；And the heart rate of the user is presented in (f).

In some instances, wherein periodicity light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein for determining that the instruction for being expected the scope of heart rate includes being used for the finger operated below Order：(i) heart rate of user is determined when the output data instruction user from motion detection sensor is substantially static；(ii) from The cyclical component of output data from motion detection sensor determines the activity level and/or Activity Type of user；And (iii) the user's heart rate determined from (i) and the User Activity level and/or Activity Type that are determined in (ii) determine to be expected The scope of heart rate.

In some instances, wherein the instruction of the Activity Type for determining user includes being used for always autokinesis detection biography The instruction for manually typing in selection of the information inference Activity Type or detection Activity Type that contain in the output data of sensor.

In some instances, wherein for determining that the instruction for being expected the scope of heart rate includes being used for always autokinesis detection biography The output data of sensor determines the instruction of the cadence of user.

In some instances, wherein the instruction of the heart rate for determining user includes being used to calculate caused output in (c) The instruction of the spectral density of data.

Present application further provides for a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, and it includes：Motion sensor, it is configured to The output for corresponding to the motion that the user for wearing the body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out is provided；Heartbeat waveform sensor；And bag The control logic of instruction is included, described instruct is used for：(a) collect the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and Output data from the motion detection sensor, wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides On the information of the heart rate of the user, and the output data wherein from the motion detection sensor provide on except The information of the periodicity body movement of the user outside heartbeat；(b) institute from the motion detection sensor is determined State the cyclical component of output data；(c) the output number from the heartbeat waveform sensor is handled according to working cycles According to wherein the processing includes removing the cyclical component from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor； (d) heart rate of the user is determined；And the heart rate of the user is presented in (e).

In some instances, wherein periodicity light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises for asking the user of heart rate measurement to input by receiving The instruction in triggered activity stage.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprised being used in (a) in the period per minute of working cycles The output data from heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from motion detection sensor were collected in about 5 to 15 seconds Instruction.

In some instances, wherein control logic includes being used for the instruction operated below in addition：Detection user attempts Read heart rate；And temporarily stop working cycles.

In some instances, wherein control logic includes being used for the instruction operated below：Analysis comes from motion detection The output data of sensor is to infer low activity level；And temporarily stop working cycles.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 illustrates the example portable monitoring device for realizing the user mutual via user interface.

Fig. 2A illustrates can be via the example portable monitoring device that user is fastened to using belt.

Fig. 2 B provide the view of Fig. 2A example portable monitoring device, and it shows the portion towards skin of described device Point.

Fig. 2 C provide the cross-sectional view of Fig. 2A portable monitoring device.

Fig. 3 A provide the cross-sectional view of the sensor projection of example portable monitoring device.

Fig. 3 B describe the cross-sectional view of the sensor projection of example portable monitoring device；This projection is similar to institute in Fig. 3 A The projection of presentation, simply light source and photoelectric detector are placed on flat and/or hard PCB.

Fig. 3 C provide another cross-sectional view of example PPG Sensor Implementations.

Fig. 4 A illustrate a potential PPG light source and the example of photoelectric detector geometry.

Fig. 4 B and 4C illustrate the example with the PPG sensors of photoelectric detector and two LED light sources.

Fig. 5 illustrates the example of the optimized PPG detectors with projection, and the projection has curved side in order to avoid making user Do not feel well.

Fig. 6 A illustrate the example of the portable monitoring device with belt；Optical sensor and optical transmitting set can be placed in institute State on belt.

Fig. 6 B illustrate the example with the portable biometric of display and wrist strap metering monitoring arrangement.In addition, optics PPG (for example, heart rate) detection sensor and/or transmitter can be located on the side of biometric monitoring arrangement.In one embodiment In, these each can be located in the installing type button of side.

Fig. 7 describes user and presses the side of portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement with from side installing type optics heart rate detection Sensor carries out heart rate measurement.The display of biometric monitoring arrangement can show whether have detected that heart rate and/or display are used The heart rate at family.

The feature of Fig. 8 illustrated example biometric monitoring arrangement intelligent alarm features.

Fig. 9 illustrates to be changed it based on the mobile degree that biometric monitoring arrangement is undergone and detected the mode of user's heart rate Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.

Figure 10 illustrate thereon with bicycle application program portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example, it is described voluntarily Car application program can show the step of bicycle speed and/or pedal and other measurements.

Figure 11 A illustrate the example block diagram of PPG sensors, and the PPG sensors have light source, photodetector, ADC, processing Device, DAC/GPIO, and the intensity of light source and ON/OFF control.

Figure 11 B illustrate the example block diagram of the PPG sensors of the PPG sensors similar to Figure 11 A, the PPG sensors volume It is outer to be adjusted using sampling and holding circuit and analog signal.

Figure 11 C illustrate the example block diagram of the PPG sensors of the PPG sensors similar to Figure 11 A, the PPG sensors volume It is outer to use sampling and holding circuit.

Figure 11 D explanations are with multiple switchable light sources and detector, the intensity of light source/switch control and circuit for signal conditioning PPG sensors example block diagram.

Figure 11 E illustrate the example block diagram using the PPG sensors synchronously detected.To perform the PPG of this type detections, it has There is demodulator.

Figure 11 F illustrate the example block diagram of PPG sensors, and the PPG sensors remove the feature of the sensor illustrated in Figure 11 A Outside also there is difference amplifier.

Figure 11 G illustrate the example block diagram of PPG sensors, and there is the PPG sensors PPG shown in Figure 11 A to KKF to pass The feature of sensor.

Figure 12 A explanations are with heart rate or PPG sensors, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor and are connected to processor Telecommunication circuit portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.

Figure 12 B explanations have heart rate or PPG sensors, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor, position sensor, sea Pull out height sensor, skin electric conductivity/humidity sensor and be connected to processor telecommunication circuit portable biometric metering prison The example of view apparatus.

Figure 12 C illustrate to have biosensor, environmental sensor and be connected to processor position sensor it is portable The example of biometric monitoring arrangement.

Figure 13 A illustrate the example that heart rate is measured using motor message and optics PPG signals.

Figure 13 B illustrate another example that heart rate is measured using motor message and optics PPG signals.

Figure 14 A illustrate the example of the sensor with the simulation connection to sensor processor.

Figure 14 B illustrate the example of the sensor with the simulation connection to sensor processor, the sensor processor There is the numeral connection to application processor again.

Figure 14 C illustrate the reality of the sensor device with the one or more sensors for being connected to application processor Example.

Figure 14 D illustrate the example of the sensor device with the one or more sensors for being connected to sensor processor, The sensor processor is connected to application processor.

Figure 15 A illustrate the example of the swimming detection algorithm using sequential algorithm flow.

Figure 15 B illustrate the example of the swimming detection algorithm using parallel algorithm flow.

Figure 15 C illustrate the example using order and the swimming detection algorithm of the mixing of parallel algorithm flow.

Figure 15 D illustrate the example using order and the swimming detection algorithm of the mixing of parallel algorithm flow.

Figure 16 A illustrate the sampling and the signal of the example of holding circuit and difference/instrument amplifier that can be used for PPG sensings Figure.

Figure 16 B illustrate for PPG sensors using controlled current source come in the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier " biasing " The example schematic of the circuit of electric current.

Figure 16 C illustrate that use sampling for PPG sensors and holding circuit are used to be applied to photodiode (across resistance Before anti-amplifier) current feedback circuit example schematic.

Figure 16 D illustrate the electricity that there is the use for PPG sensors ambient light to eliminate functional difference/instrument amplifier The example schematic on road.

Figure 16 E illustrate the circuit using photodiode compensation by DAC dynamically caused electric currents for PPG sensors Example schematic.

Figure 16 F illustrate for PPG sensors using photodiode compensation by controlled voltage source dynamically caused electricity The example schematic of the circuit of stream.

It is functional that Figure 16 G illustrate that the ambient light comprising " switched capacitor " method of use for PPG sensors removes The example schematic of circuit.

Figure 16 H illustrate for PPG sensors using photodiode compensate as caused by constant current source electric current (this also Constant voltage source and resistor can be used to complete) circuit example schematic.

Figure 16 I illustrate the differencing removed comprising ambient light between feature and continuous sample for PPG sensors The example schematic of circuit.

Figure 16 J illustrate the example schematic of the circuit for the differencing between ambient light removal and continuous sample.

Figure 17 is presented to be used to patrol the signal transacting for applying motion compensation to heartbeat waveform signal according to some embodiments The block diagram collected.

The example for the frequency domain heartbeat waveform sensor signal for being subjected to twice of adaptive-filtering is presented in Figure 18.The top half of figure Non-filtered signal is shown, and the latter half is illustrated in the same signal after twice of adaptive-filtering.

The curve map of the typical heart rate for different user Activity Type is presented in Figure 19.

Embodiment

The present invention be directed to biometric monitoring arrangement, (it is herein and what is be herein incorporated by reference any refers to case In be also referred to as " biometric tracks of device ", " personal health monitoring arrangement ", " portable monitoring device ", " portable biometric Metering monitoring arrangement ", " biometric monitoring arrangement ", etc.), it may be generally described as wearable device, generally with small Size, it is designed to relatively continuously be worn by people.When wearing, this little biometric monitoring arrangement is collected on wearer Performed activity or the data of the physiological status of wearer.This data can include the surrounding environment or pendant represented around wearer The data interacted of wearer and environment, for example, on the exercise data of the movement of wearer, ambient light, ambient noise, air matter Amount, etc., and by measuring the various physiological properties of wearer the physiological data that obtains, such as heart rate, level of perspiration, etc..

As mentioned above, biometric monitoring arrangement is usually in size small so that wearer is inconspicuous. Fitbit provides all very small and very light several biometric monitoring arrangement, for example, Fitbit Flex are one kind Wrist strap, it has insertable biometric monitoring arrangement, it is its about 0.5 inch wide multiply 1.3 inches long multiply 0.25 inch.Biology Metering monitoring arrangement is generally designed to that long time period can be worn in the case of no sense of discomfort, and does not disturb normal Daily routines.

In some cases, the available other devices outside biometric monitoring arrangement of biometric monitoring arrangement, For example, it can be used to obtain in heart rate data, or smart phone in the outside heart rate monitor of the EKG forms of sensor on pectoral girdle Gps receiver can be used to obtain position data.In some cases, wired or wireless communication can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement Connection and these communication with external apparatus.It is disclosed herein and discuss concept can be applied to independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement with And using the sensor or feature being provided in external device (ED) (for example, external sensor, the sensor provided by smart phone Or feature, etc.) both biometric monitoring arrangements.

In general, concept discussed herein may be implemented in independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement and (in due course) profit With in the biometric monitoring arrangement of external device (ED).

It should be understood that although concept and discussion contained herein is to be in the context of biometric monitoring arrangement It is existing, but if appropriate hardware can use, then these concepts are also equally applicable in other contexts.For example, it is many existing The motion sensor such as accelerometer being generally contained within biometric monitoring arrangement is included for smart phone, and it is if suitable When hardware can be used in device, then concept discussed herein may be implemented in the device.In effect, this can regard as intelligence Can phone be changed into the biometric monitoring arrangement of a certain form (but to measure monitoring arrangement more than canonical biometric and may not be with The biometric monitoring arrangement that same way is worn).This little embodiment is it will be also be appreciated that be within the scope of the invention.

Several distinct methods can be used to provide for feature discussed herein.For example, in some embodiments, Processor can be controlled to provide feature as described herein by the computer executable instructions stored in memory.At it In its embodiment, this feature can be provided in the form of circuit.In other embodiments again, this feature can be by being deposited At one or more for storing up the computer executable instructions control in the memory coupled with the circuit that one or more are specially designed Device is managed to provide.It can be used to implement the various examples of the hardware of concept outlined herein including but not limited to application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), and with storing the storage for the executable instruction for being used to control general purpose microprocessor The general purpose microprocessor of device coupling.

Independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement can be provided with several form factors, and can be worn in many ways through design Wear.In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be designed to can be plugged into a wearable housing or can be inserted into Into multiple different wearable housings, for example, wrist strap housing, band pod body (belt-clip case), suspension member housing, through with Put to be attached to the housing of an exercise device such as bicycle, etc..This little embodiment is described in greater detail in for example In 14/029th, No. 764 U.S. patent application case filed in September in 2013 17 days, the U.S. patent application case is for this purpose It is herein incorporated by reference hereby.In other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be designed only in one way Wear, for example, the biometric monitoring arrangement being integrated into a manner of non-removable in wrist strap can the set wrist for being only worn on people On (or possible ankle).

Measuring monitoring arrangement according to the portable biometric of embodiment as described herein and embodiment can have suitable for coupling To (for example, be fastened to, wear, be supported by, etc.) body of user or the form and dimension of clothes.Portable biometric metering monitoring The example of device is showed in Fig. 1；The example portable monitoring device can have user interface, processor, biometric to pass Sensor, memory, environmental sensor and/or can be with client and/or the wireless transceiver of server communication.Weared on wrist type is just The example for taking formula biometric monitoring arrangement is showed in Fig. 2A to 2C.This device can have display, button, electronic device envelope Dress, and/or attachment strip.Attachment strip can be via using shackle (for example, Velcro), buckle and/or with the storage for its shape The belt (for example, via use spring metal band) of device and be fastened to user.In fig. 2b, it can be seen that for coordinating charger And/or the sensor projection and recess of data transmitting cable.In fig. 2 c, the cross section through electron device package is shown.Value It is to be noted that sensor projection, main PCB plate, and display.

Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can collect one or more types from embedded type sensor and/or external device (ED) Physiology and/or environmental data, and other devices are passed on or be relayed to this information (comprising the number for potentially acting as accessible internet According to the device in source), thus permit for example inspecting collected data using web browser or network application program. For example, when user adorns oneself with biometric monitoring arrangement, one or more biometers can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement Quantity sensor calculates and stores the step number of user.Biometric monitoring arrangement can will then represent that the data of the step number of user are launched Account, computer on to network service (for example, www.fitbit.com), mobile phone, or can wherein store, handle and by User observes the health station of data.In fact, step number of the biometric monitoring arrangement in addition to the step number of user or instead of user The also measurable or a number of other physiological measurements of calculating.These physiological measurements are including but not limited to energy expenditure, for example, calorie fires Burning value, the number of floor levels climbed up and/or climbed down, heart rate, changes in heart rate, heart rate recover, position and/or trend (such as via GPS, GLONASS or similar system), rise, speed of walking about and/or travel distance, swimming one way count, stroke type and detects Count, bicycle distance and/or speed, blood pressure, blood glucose, skin conductance, skin and/or body temp, via electromyography The muscular states of measurement, the brain activity measured by electroencephalography, body weight, body fat, calorie are taken in, from food Nutrition intake, medicine intake, sleep cycle, such as clock time, sleep stage, sleep quality and/or duration, pH value Level, hydration level, respiratory rate, and other physiological measurements.Biometric monitoring arrangement can also measure or calculate with The relevant measurement of environment around user, such as atmospheric pressure, weather condition are (for example, temperature, humidity, pollen count, air matter Amount, rain/ice-lolly part, wind speed), light exposure (for example, ambient light, UV light are exposed, time for spending in the dark and/or it is lasting when Between), post noise exposure, radioactive exposure, and magnetic field.In addition, the biometric monitoring of data flow is collected from biometric monitoring arrangement Device or system can calculate measures derived from this data.For example, device or system can pass via changes in heart rate, skin Lead, the combination of noise pollution and sleep quality calculates the anxiety of user and/or relaxation level.In another example, device or System can be taken in via medicine, the combination of dormant data and/or activity data to determine medical intervention (such as medicine) the effect of. In a further example, biometric monitoring arrangement or system can be via pollen data, medicine intake, sleep and/or activity datas Combination to determine allergic drug the effect of.These examples are provided only for explanation, and are not intended to be restricted or detailed 's.The further embodiment and embodiment of sensor device are found in " portable life entitled filed in 8 days June in 2011 Thing measures monitoring arrangement and its operating method (Portable Biometric Monitoring Devices and Methods Of Operating Same) " U.S. patent application case 13/156,304 and August in 2012 6 days filed in it is entitled In the U.S. patent application case 61/680,230 of " Fitbit trackers (Fitbit Tracker) ", the U.S. patent application case Both full text is incorporated herein by reference hereby.

Biosensor

Biometric monitoring arrangement discussed herein can be used one, some or all of obtain physiology with lower sensor Data, including but not limited to the physiological data summarized in following table.All combinations and arrangement of biosensor and/or physiological data It is set to fall within the scope of the present invention.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be used to obtain corresponding physiology including but not limited to identified below One, the type of some or all of sensors of data；In fact, it can also or alternatively be obtained using other types of sensor Take corresponding physiological data, and this is a little that other types of sensor is also set falls within the scope of the present invention.In addition, biometric is supervised View apparatus can export physiological data from respective sensor output data, can be given birth to including but not limited to it derived from the sensor Manage the number or type of data.

In an example embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include optical sensor detecting, sensing, sampling And/or produce the data of the information of the anxiety (or it is horizontal), blood pressure and/or the heart rate that can be used to determine expression such as user. (see, such as Fig. 2A to 3C and 11A to KKG).In this little embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include optical sensor, It has one or more light sources (LED, laser, etc.) to send or output light is to the body of user, and photodetector (photoelectricity two Pole pipe, optotransistor, etc.) to sample, measure and/or detect this light from the response or reflection of user's body and provide determining Represent the number of the data of the anxiety (or its horizontal) of user, blood pressure and/or heart rate (for example, for example by using photoelectricity volume diagram) According to.

In an example embodiment, the heart rate measurement of user can be by (or being connected to its by one or more sensors Process circuit) determine criterion and trigger.For example, when the data instruction from motion sensor is static or is transported with few During the dynamic cycle, biometric monitoring arrangement can trigger, obtain and/or obtain heart rate measurement or data.(see, such as Fig. 9,12A And 12B).

The photocapacitance on light source (for example, LED) and corresponding photodetector (for example, photodiode) record body can be used Product (PPG) signal.In the case of each cardiac cycle, blood is pumped into periphery by heart.Even if this pressure pulse arrives at it Up to being somewhat damaged when skin, it is still enough to expand artery and parteriole in hypodermis.By using from light-emitting diode The light quantity that photodiode is launched or reflexed in the illumination pearlite layer skin of pipe (LED) and then measurement is drawn to detect by pressure pulse The change of the volume risen.

In certain embodiments, PPG or other technologies are measuring heartbeat waveform." heartbeat waveform " is typically referred to by user Heartbeat driving blood flow causes or the change of the signal of any measurement related to user's heartbeat driving blood flow.At some In embodiment, the signal of measurement is relevant with the blood circulation as caused by the heart via circulatory system pump blood, the blood Circulation causes the cardiovascular driving change of capillary volume or other parameters.In certain embodiments, by photoelectricity volume diagram (PPG) Measure heartbeat waveform.In this little embodiment, the blood volume change in heartbeat waveform reflection capillary, its heartbeat with user and Pulse (the artery palpation as caused by heartbeat) is related.In certain embodiments, the signal of measurement and heart or ECG signal Muscle activity is relevant.In certain embodiments, heart beat activity or signal can be measured by ECG to obtain heartbeat waveform.Heartbeat waveform The information for one or more cardiac cycles is represented, described information corresponds to complete since its generation is to heartbeat next time Heartbeat.The frequency of cardiac cycle is described by heart rate, and heart rate is typically expressed as bounce number per minute.Heartbeat waveform generally comprise on The information in the various stages of heartbeat, such as amplitude, frequency and/or the shape of the waveform in one or more circulations.In many realities Apply in example, heartbeat waveform is obtaining the heart rate of user.

Therefore this PPG signal can be used to estimate the heart rate of user.PPG reflections are attributed to the deep change of the blood volume of heartbeat And it is attributed to the combination of the change of the deep tissue of object motion and the optical property of device skin interface.Generally, people's heart rate Estimation is in the bounce number (bpm) per minute of scope 40 to 240.

In one embodiment, when the activity of motion sensor instruction user or motion (for example, for triggering, obtain and/or Heart rate measurement needed for acquisition or data (for example, to determine the data of the resting heart rate of user) improper or simultaneously non-optimal fortune It is dynamic) when, it can be placed in obtain and/or obtain the biometric monitoring arrangement and/or sensor of required heart rate measurement or data Or it is held in low power state.Because the heart rate measurement carried out during movement may less reliable and possible passive movement illusion Destroy, thus when biometric monitoring arrangement during exercise when, it may be necessary to reduce collect heart rate data sample frequency (thus Reduce power use).

In another embodiment, the data of instruction user activity or motion can be used (for example, coming in biometric monitoring arrangement From one or more motion sensors) come adjust or change triggering, obtain and/or obtain needed for the characteristic of heart rate measurement or data (for example, to improve the robustness to motion artifact).For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement receives instruction user work Dynamic or motion data, then biometric monitoring arrangement is adjustable or changes to obtain the sampling of the sensor of heart rate data (for example, in the case where user movement amount exceedes a certain threshold value, biometric monitoring arrangement can increase for rate and/or resolution model Big sampling rate and/or increase are obtaining the sampling resolution pattern of the sensor of heart rate measurement or data).In addition, biometer Measuring monitoring arrangement can be during this of User Activity or motion a little cycle (for example, user movement amount exceedes the cycle of a certain threshold value) Adjustment or the sampling rate and/or resolution model of modification motion sensor.In this way, when biometric monitoring arrangement determine or Detect this User Activity or motion when, biometric monitoring arrangement motion sensor can be placed in higher sampling rate and/or compared with High sampling resolution pattern is for example to realize the more accurately adaptive-filtering of heart rate signal.(see for example, Fig. 9).

Fig. 9 illustrates to be changed it based on the mobile degree that biometric monitoring arrangement is undergone and detected the mode of user's heart rate Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.The situation of motion (for example, via using accelerometer) is detected wherein Under, user can be considered by biometric monitoring arrangement in " activity ", and high sampling rate heart rate detection can occur to reduce heart rate Motion artifact in measurement.It can preserve and/or show this data.Determine that user does not move (or phase in biometric monitoring arrangement To sitting) in the case of, low sampling rate heart rate detection (it does not consume so much power) for measurement heart rate can be it is appropriate and It can thus be used.

It is worth noting that, for example obtained in biometric monitoring arrangement using optical technology by using photoelectricity volume diagram In the case of taking heart rate measurement or data, motor message can be used to determine or establish data are carried out by heartbeat waveform sensor Obtain or measure (for example, synchronous detection is without being non-amplitude modulation method) and/or ad hoc approach or technology of its analysis.(see, Such as Figure 11 E).In this way, the data of instruction user motion or activity can cause biometric monitoring arrangement to establish or adjust The whole data acquisition used by one or more optics heartbeat waveform sensors or the type or technology of measurement.

For example, in one embodiment, when motion detector circuit detects or determines biometric monitoring arrangement (if for example, biometric monitoring arrangement determines user's sitting or sleeping), biometric when the motion of wearer is less than threshold value Monitoring arrangement (or heart rate measurement technology as herein disclosed) is adjustable and/or reduces the sampling rate of optics heart rate sampling. (see for example, Fig. 9).In this way, biometric monitoring arrangement can control its power consumption.For example, biometric monitors Device can reduce power consumption by reducing sensor sampling rate, for example, biometric monitoring arrangement can every 10 minutes once Or every heart rate is sampled (via heartbeat waveform sensor) 1 minute by 10 seconds.It is worth noting that, additionally or alternatively, Biometric monitoring arrangement can control via according to the analysis of motion detection control data process circuit and/or data analysis technique Power consumption.Thus, the motion of user may influence heart rate data get parms and/or data analysis or its processing.

Motion artifact in heartbeat waveform sensor suppresses

As discussed above, can be surveyed by using one or more algorithms with removing motion artifact to improve by PPG sensors The original heartbeat waveform signal of amount.In certain embodiments, the fortune of user is accurately measured using the data from motion sensor It is dynamic, and using sef-adapting filter to remove motion artifact from heart rate signal when the motion of user is periodic.It can be used The movement (be used for determine motion artifact) of sensor measurement user, the sensor including but not limited to accelerometer, gyroscope, Proximity detector, magnetometer, etc..The target of this little algorithm is to use the mobile letter from other sensors capture as guidance Number it is attributable to mobile component (mobile illusion) remove PPG signals.In one embodiment, adaptive-filtering can be used Device is moved based on mixing Kalman filter (Kalman filter) and least-mean-square filter or recursive least-squares wave filter Except the mobile illusion in PPG signals.Can be then using peak counting algorithm or power spectral density algorithm for estimating from cleaning/filtered The further feature of signal extraction heart rate or heartbeat waveform.Or Kalman filter or particle filter can be used to remove this A little mobile illusions.

It by heart rate signal model creation is Y=Y that the another method that can be used to calculate heart rate frequency, which is,_dc+∑a_k*cos kθ+ b_k* sin k θ, wherein k are the exponent number of harmonic component, and θ is the model parameter for heart rate.This model can be then using extension Kalman filter or particle filter and be fitted to signal.This model utilizes following facts：Signal is simultaneously non-sinusoidal, therefore Contain power in both primary harmonic and multiple extra harmonic waves place.

Or can be Y=Y by signal modeling_dc+∑a_k*sin(k*w_motiont+θ)+∑b_k*sin(k*w_HRT+ φ), wherein w_motionDirectly estimate from accelerometer signal (or another motion sensor signal).

Various technologies can be used to improve motion compensation.Some in this little technology are presented in following sub- chapters and sections.

High bandpass filter

PPG signals tend to have the reason for being attributed in addition to heartbeat (for example, breathing, blood into measurement zone or Leave measurement zone movement, change monitoring arrangement orientation user movement) slow change.Before application sef-adapting filter By carrying out high-pass filtering to PPG signals the performance of sef-adapting filter can be improved to remove these slow conversion.Therefore, Mou Xieshi Apply example and the high-pass filter being placed in before sef-adapting filter is provided.See Figure 17.In some embodiments, high-pass filter Cut-off frequency highly positions as far as possible, but the HR min (for typical case, it is about 40bpm) not higher than expected from, because The somewhere that this HPF Cutoff can be placed between about 0.3Hz and 0.6Hz.

In some embodiments, the quiet heart rate of the chosen previous detection for being about user of high pass cut off frequency, institute Stating quiet heart rate can be determined by multiple technologies.These situations include at least scenario described below.(1) it is waken up at her and is still still in bed User was measured when upper at once¹Heart rate.As described elsewhere, other algorithms can be used to carry out automatic detection for biometric monitoring arrangement When user falls asleep/awakens.(2) average heart rate of user is measured when user is in sleep.As example, the quiet heart rate of user For example quiet HR=sleeps HR/0.83 equation can be used to be calculated from sleep heart rate.(3) user awaken and it is static when measurement use The heart rate at family.In the daytime these measurements several times are being carried out and are calculating the N percentages of the minimum measurement in these measurements (for example, N= 10 or 5 or 2) provide quiet heart rate good approximation.During whole day activity the method for approximate quiet heart rate can further to Calculate the user at diverse location¹Quiet heart rate.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can calculate at home and work In user¹Quiet heart rate.In addition to promoting the use in high-pass filter, this information can be shown with the passing of time The trend be in and worked in quiet heart rate.

Can based on the detection of user activity level set high bandpass filter frequency.It is minimum pre- in this little embodiment Phase heart rate is based on movable and different；Such as most of users in walking or running by with greater than about 50bpm heart rate.Cause This, in certain embodiments, PPG handles the work that logic infers user by using such as inertial sensor (for example, accelerometer) Move to dynamically adjust the frequency cutoff of high-pass filter.With the increase of the activity level of user, logic is such as interpreted by motion Infer, can correspondingly adjust upward HPF Cutoff.In certain embodiments, when processing logic determines that user participates in walking When, its cadence with user, the height above sea level climbed etc. proportionally increase HPF Cutoff.This basic example adjusted a bit It can be seen by the change of the heart rate of the normal users between running and walking, as shown in Figure 19.

Create spectrogram heart rate monitor output (time domain-＞ frequency domains)

In the appropriate time of signal transacting, time-domain signal is converted into frequency-region signal by processing logic, and it is represented by frequency To the time.The example of frequency-region signal is presented in Figure 18.Although FFT can be used to perform conversion for processing logic, other Technology can be suitable.Example includes wavelet transformation and scramble spectral transformation.

Movement compensation process

Heartbeat waveform analysis logic can be traced user motion, as detected by device, and apply adaptive-filtering with Motion artifact is removed or reduced when the motion of user is periodic from heart rate signal.In certain embodiments, using accelerometer, Gyroscope or accelerometer and gyroscope measure motion artifact.

In certain embodiments, sef-adapting filter is applied to heartbeat waveform data twice in succession.In other words, The output of a time sef-adapting filter is the input of second time sef-adapting filter.Although usually necessary, logic can Run sef-adapting filter more than twice.The method can be used such as to make to remove both the fundamental frequency of motion artifact and higher harmonics Measured by such as accelerometer.

In first pass, wave filter generally removes the fundamental frequency of motion artifact, and at second time, it removes second harmonic (or other lower-wattage harmonic waves).For example, user can be walked with heartbeat waveform sensor signal with 1Hz nominal rate Middle generation about 1Hz motion artifacts.This illusion can be removed in first pass sef-adapting filter, but is not first that it is nominally 2Hz Harmonic wave, it may interfere with the processing of heartbeat waveform signal.Making " to clean " second of heartbeat waveform signal can by sef-adapting filter The second harmonic of motion artifact is removed with further clean signal.In some embodiments, it is not necessary to further cleaning, because Higher harmonics are compared with heart rate signal with lower-wattage and/or in the frequency away from heart rate signal.

The example for the frequency domain heartbeat waveform sensor signal for being subjected to twice of adaptive-filtering is presented in Figure 18.The top half of figure Non-filtered signal is shown, and the latter half is illustrated in the same signal after twice of adaptive-filtering.It should be noted that remove than true The motion artifact of both high and low frequencies of positive heart rate signal.

Identify heartbeat waveform track

Heartbeat waveform track is the reality in units of frequency versus time of the heartbeat waveform sensor output data through processing The trace of continuity point in matter (have few or without jump discontinuity).The point of trace can have the power of relative constancy close Degree.

In certain embodiments, after motion artifact is removed using sef-adapting filter, the power spectrum of signal is calculated Density.Peak value with crest amplitude may be selected to be the most possible estimation of Current heart rate.Or such as dynamic programming or more mesh The technology of mark tracking can be used to estimate spectrum in the case of in the presence of other tracks caused by motion and its higher harmonics are attributed to Heart rate ' track ' in figure.In all methods, one or more of some technologies can be implemented to improve performance：

1. the expected minimum heart rate of user is relevant with the cadence for the user for walking or running or other step measurements.It is logical The cadence using such as accelerometer measurement user is crossed, heart rate monitor can set the lowest limit of the expection heart rate on user. This to remove generally stability at lower frequencies occur many motion artifact correlation peaks.Similar techniques can be applied to other use The speed (for example, stroke, bicycle trample step and other movable speed described herein) of family activity.

2. the expected minimum heart rate of the user of bike riding is relevant with the speed and the gradient of user's bike riding.By using step Sensor, GPS or other velocity measurement sensor measuring speeds are adjusted, and uses altimeter, GPS or other elevation carrection sensors The gradient is measured, heart rate monitor can set the relatively lower limit of the expection heart rate on user.This is removing generally compared with low frequency The many motion artifacts occurred at rate.

3. relatively lower limit on expected heart rate can also based in accelerometer's signals different characteristic (such as general power, one or Power in the standard deviations of multiple axles, special frequency band etc.) calculate.Higher total accelerometer power or one or more axles it is higher The people of aggravating activities of the standard deviation generally with participating in causing higher heart rate is relevant.

4. the minimum heart rate of the user of walking, running or bike riding is also above the fixed heart rate of user.This is fixed not Aroused in interest rate can calculate when user is static or when he or she sleeps, and be used as on heart rate relatively lower limit (individually Or additional another mechanism (for example, expected HR min of the current active mode of user) for determining compared with lower limit).

5. other sensor (such as inertia on device can be used (such as walking, running and bike riding) for the activity pattern of user Sensor) calculate automatically, or can manually be keyed in by user.

Determine the quality of heart rate estimation

In certain embodiments, at output of the signal processing logic by measuring heartbeat trace compared with background power The value of power spectrum density, calculate the quality of heart rate estimation.This monitor can then provide this to user as feedback.Instead Feedback can take various forms.In an example, the confidence level of the degree on may believe that heart rate estimation is presented in it.In another reality In example, it provides the caused instruction for improving following heart rate measurement.For example, it can be presented on whether user needs The storing of adjusting apparatus and tight ness rating are to reach the information of better signal on body.Other details are presented in Figure 17 discussion.

Example architecture for the motion compensation in heartbeat waveform sensor

The example architecture (and associated process streams) of multi-motion compensation heartbeat waveform sensor is presented in Figure 17.Describing Example in, signal processing logic receive two input signals：(1) the heartbeat waveform signal from such as PPG sensors 1703 And (2) motion detection sensor 1705 exports.Original output of the frequency sample that can be defined from heartbeat waveform sensor, and Available buffer sample for handling together.Similarly, sampling and storage motor message.In certain embodiments, arrived with about 20 200Hz or about 20Hz to 60Hz sample at rates heartbeat waveform sensor and/or motion detection sensor output.In some implementations In example, exported with identical frequency sample heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor.In an example, sampled with 25Hz Two signals.Output is rewritten a limited number of times stored in buffer 1707 and 1709 but regardless of sampling rate.

In some embodiments (for example, embodiment depicted in figure 17), one or more additional inputs are provided to fortune Dynamic compensation logic.In some embodiments, additional input is that User Activity is horizontal or Activity Type, such as always autokinesis sense The output data of device or other sensors is inferred or manually sets detection from what user was carried out.It can be used for this purpose and come from example Such as output of motion detection sensor device sensor.Depicted in figure 17 in framework, signal processing logic uses use The current state (for example, fixed, participation is movable 1, participation activity 2 etc., seeing frame 1733) at family and sometimes referred to as step User Activity speed (see frame 1735).In certain embodiments, Activity Type/state of user is optional.Except fixation Outside motionless, the example of Activity Type includes walking, running, bike riding etc..In some embodiments, device includes periodically Movement rate calculator, it calculates the cadence of user or other cycle movement speed.Used at the various stages in the process Cycle movement speed.

In certain embodiments, buffered heart rate and motion sensor output can individually be handled.In other embodiments, Previously buffered heart rate and motion sensor output is handled together in movement compensation process.Set what is used by Figure 17 framework In meter, two buffered output samples are subjected to identical " pretreatment " operation (see frame 1711).The example of this little pretreatment operation Involve noise reduction comprising bandpass filtering, high-pass filtering, low pass filtered.As example, the wave filter of the slowly varying component by removing output Two kinds of sample is filtered, which introduce the challenge of signal transacting, as explained above.In instances, two letters Identical pretreatment number is subjected to, but it is not combined.

In certain embodiments, frame 1711 is pre-processed to move based on User Activity as described above level or Activity Type Select to state to end high-pass equipment.It can be used for this purpose from 1733 and 1735 input.As example, corresponding to every point The 0.7Hz of 42 bounce numbers of clock high pass cutoff can be applicable to some User Activities but not be suitable for other User Activities.Cause This, in some embodiments, algorithm attempts to determine the current active of user, and selects for the movable appropriate cutoff frequency Rate.In an example, algorithm determines the cadence of user from motion sensor output data, and selects appropriate high pass using cadence Cut-off frequency.

Depicted in figure 17 in embodiment, signal processing logic buffers the heartbeat ripple of pretreatment in buffer 1713 Shape sensor signal, and buffer in buffer 1715 motion sensor signal of pretreatment.In certain embodiments, Mei Yihuan Device is rushed to preserve from about 1 to 40 seconds or from the data sample of about 5 to 20 seconds.In an example, buffer preserves the number of about 10 seconds According to.

In certain embodiments, signal processing logic includes the different qualities processing heartbeat waveform number being used for based on data According to different channels.This little characteristic may depend on the characteristic of the deduction or user setting of user, and the characteristic is in some situations Lower dynamically change.The example of this little characteristic include User Activity type, User Activity horizontal (for example, step or cadence), Time of day, week period, position etc..Depicted in figure 17 in embodiment, characteristic is Activity Type and/or level (example Such as, cycle movement speed).As illustrated, movable logic of authentication frame 1717 receives state (from frame 1733) and the user of user Step (from frame 1735) as input.Activity differentiates that frame can be considered as the form of multiplexer.Signal processing logic uses Other information in this information or other embodiments is to select channel.In some embodiments, logic is based on from device The user of user interface inputs selection channel, and the user interface may be provided on biometric monitoring arrangement or servicing unit. If device detects that user enters AD HOC (such as " bike riding "), then processing logic can be determined to contain bike riding The channel application of activity is to handle heartbeat waveform.In described embodiment, three channels be present：" static " channel, " first lives It is dynamic " channel and " the second activity " channel.The example of active process channel include be used for walk/run channel, for exercise Channel and/or the channel for certain types of exercise (for example, bike riding, swimming, elliptical exercise, rock-climbing, tennis etc.).When So, still-mode channel is inferred when sensor exports and suggests that user is generally inactive.Generally, two or more may be present Channel.In certain embodiments, 2 to 20 channels or 2 to 10 channels or 2 to 5 channels be present.

In each in the channel, the time-domain signal obtained from sensor is converted into frequency domain by signal processing logic to be believed Number.In described embodiment, this situation is completed at box 1719 for still-mode channel, for the first active channel It is completed at box 1723, and is completed in for the second active channel at box 1725.

As example, still-mode channel can be implemented as follows.First, the motion based on user determines still-mode.If User not yet moves during nearest time window (for example, 5 minutes) or only slightly moved, then processing logic is (for example, frame 1717) it is static for further handling the purpose of buffered sensor output data by user and being considered as.In this channel, logic Assuming that motion artifact is not present, therefore processing is simplified compared with the processing of other channels.

Some or all of certain operations can perform in static channel and one or more other " activity " channels：

A. perform FFT or other time domains can be provided to frequency-domain transform this situation user heart rate it is initial " estimation ".Before converting herein, all processing are carried out in the time domain.As mentioned, Figure 17 frame 1719 is held in static channel This operation of row.

B. the heart rate track in the frequency spectrum designation of the filtered output data from heartbeat waveform sensor is identified.Can be such as This process of execution described above.In certain embodiments, by excluding the expected horizontal presumption less than User Activity type Heart rate track performs this situation.Under the situation of still-mode channel, this level 30 bounces number about per minute.

C. the time change heart rate of estimation is optionally made smoothly smoothly to export heart rate to provide.The skill of art can be used Many different smoothing filters perform smooth known to art personnel.Depicted in figure 17 in embodiment, optional smoothing logic Frame 1727 makes time-varying heart rate signal smooth using the input from frame 1733 (User Status) and 1735 (user's steps).

D. in some embodiments, signal processing logic assesses the " confidence of the heart rate value determined from movement compensation process Degree ".In Figure 17 embodiment, box 1729 marks this assessment.As explained elsewhere herein, confidence level can be by various skills Any one of art determines.In a method, it uses information contained in heartbeat waveform sensor；For example, sensor Output data signal to noise ratio.When detecting low signal-to-noise ratio, confidence level is low；When detecting high s/n ratio, confidence level is higher.

E. generally, signal processing logic is presented to user to complete it to buffered heart rate ripple by the heart rate calculated The processing of graphic data.The box 1731 seen in Figure 17.In certain embodiments, signal processing logic is by heart rate value and presentation Heart rate in the confidence level of calculating be presented to user.In some cases, logic is presented heart rate value and for adjusting apparatus Position with improve subsequent heart rate calculate in confidence level recommendation.As example, logic can suggest more tightly wearable device or will It is worn on higher position on the forearm of user.

Heart rate information can be presented to user's (visually, audibly, tactile etc.).Can be via biometric monitoring arrangement And/or associated servicing unit (for example, pairing phone, table, computer or other processing units) provides information.In some realities Apply in scheme, designed via " one-touch " heart rate monitor and information is provided.See application in such as on January 1st, 2014 and in full to quote No. 14/154,009 U.S. patent application case being incorporated herein of mode.

Then the first activity pattern channel is referred to, the example of the processing for this pattern can be implemented as follows.Initially, based on use The motion at family determines the first activity pattern.Many criterions can be used to determine the activity pattern of user.In minimum level, device should Reception suggests that user participates in a certain activity and is not that fixed sensor exports.In typical embodiments, motion-sensing The limbs of device output displaying user or user are moved with rational speed.Or processing logic can be dependent on from the manual of user Input, its instruction user participate in the first activity.It starts to handle buffered output data via the first active channel, but regardless of How signal processing logic (for example, frame 1717) determines that user participates in the first activity.In this channel, logic is assumed to exist should be The motion artifact of removal or reduction before the heart rate of calculating user.Otherwise, Channel Processing can be with the Channel Processing class of static channel As implementation.

Sef-adapting filter can be used to remove or reduce motion artifact from time-domain signal for first active channel.See Figure 17 reality Apply the frame 1721 in example.In certain embodiments, sef-adapting filter is attempted from the pre- measuring heart-beat ripple of motion sensor output data Shape sensor output data.This situation determines the motion artifact in the output of heartbeat waveform sensor, because motion artifact two is defeated Go out unique component common to signal.State in another way, sef-adapting filter subtracts motion artifact from heart rate output signal To provide " cleaning " heart rate output data.The example of workable adaptive-filtering includes least means square and a recurrence most young waiter in a wineshop or an inn Multiply filtering.Optionally, processing logic makes cleaning heartbeat waveform output signal pass through sef-adapting filter for the second time, as solved above Release.The example of workable other movement compensating algorithms includes dynamic programming and multiple target tracking.As mentioned, can be to heartbeat ripple Shape signal is more again to use movement compensation process twice.Motion sensor output for motion compensation can represent a variety of user's bodies Any one of motion.Example include Periodic iimb movement (for example, walking, stroke, cycling when ankle rotation) and Aerobic machine (for example, stationary bike, sprint and elliptical machine) on leg movement.

Generally as described above, the further processing of the heartbeat waveform signal in the first active channel can proceed with quiet Only channel.However, more complicated processing can be used in identification heartbeat track.It is hereafter the operation that can be used in the first active channel.

A. user's heart is obtained from the time domain data output from sef-adapting filter using FFT or other frequency domains switch technology " estimation " of rate.See the frame 1723 of the position in Figure 17 embodiment for this operation.

B. the heart rate track in the frequency spectrum designation of the filtered output data from heartbeat waveform sensor is identified.See figure Frame 1724 in 17 embodiment.In certain embodiments, by excluding the expected horizontal presumption less than User Activity type Heart rate track performs this situation.Under the situation of still-mode channel, this level 40 bounces number about per minute.In some realities To apply in scheme, logic creates or using the expection heart rate frequency band for each Activity Type and/or activity level, and for any Given Activity Type, excludes all potential hearts rate outside band.The example that can be used to define the information of band includes the use inferred Family Activity Type, cadence and the output of the sensor of definition are (for example, the GPS velocity in bike riding, the height for cycling Meter change).In certain embodiments, the fixed heart rate of user had been more than it (previously for any movable minimum heart rate band It is determined that).

C. estimation is made smoothly to obtain smooth output heart rate.

D. " confidence level " of output heart rate is assessed.This process is optionally using the user movement such as determined by various process. Its signal to noise ratio that optionally can be exported using motion sensor.

E. the heart rate of calculating is presented to user.Can be with improving the level of confidence of confidence level for adjusting apparatus position And/or recommend that this information is presented together.User's (visually, audibly, tactile etc.) can be presented information to.Can be via biology Measure monitoring arrangement and/or associated servicing unit (for example, pairing phone, table, computer or other processing units) provides Information.In some embodiments, designed via one-touch feeding heart rate monitor and information is provided.See that such as on January 1st, 2014 applies And No. 14/154,009 U.S. patent application case being incorporated herein by reference in full.

As mentioned, additional activities channel, such as the channel associated with the frame 1725 in Figure 17 can be used.In many realities Apply in scheme, extra channel uses the change on the first active channel depicted in figure 17.Change can include minimum and maximum The position on the border on the heart rate of calculating, and how logic is energetically filtered to the signal from heartbeat waveform sensor.

For control logic to implement heartbeat waveform described herein processing, it generally but not one is positioned at body-building monitoring On device.The control logic can be embodied as hardware, software, firmware or its any combinations.It is said that it may be carried by " programming " For instruction.This programming is interpreted as including any type of logic, comprising the hard-coded logic in digital signal processor and has It is embodied as other devices of the special algorithm of hardware.Programming, which is also interpreted as including, can perform in the software on general processor or solid Part instructs.Perform the data that are used during instruction described herein by control logic can by can it is completely resident on device or Part resides on the storages such as the associated memory matched on servicing unit, register (for example, buffering).Below in reference to for example Figure 11 A to 11G, 12A to 12C, 13A to 13B and 14A to 14D present the example of the suitable architecture for implementing control logic.

In certain embodiments, control logic includes processor, chip, card or plate or these combination, and it, which is included, is used for Perform the logic of one or more control functions.In certain embodiments, the instruction for controlling heartbeat waveform sensor is stored in There is provided on the storage arrangement associated with body-building monitoring arrangement or via network.The example of suitable memory device is included and partly led Body memory, magnetic storage, optical memory etc..For controlling the computer program code of heartbeat waveform sensor can example Such as readable programming language of any conventional computer of assembler language, C is write.The object code or pin compiled by computing device This being identified in a program with performing for task.

Working cycles in heartbeat waveform sensor

Can by during Rule Activity working cycles heartbeat waveform sensor save rating of set.Power, which is saved, to be led to Cross and turn off PPG sensors light source and/or photodetector and reached by reducing the operation of signal processing algorithm.Handling logic can Duty cycle sensor light source is with corresponding to the working cycles for processing data.

Active state based on determination, heart rate logic determine to produce the frequency of new heart rate readings.When in high body During the active state that activity is associated, logic can continually determine heart rate (for example, every one second).It is however, violent when being not involved in During body movement, it less frequently produces new heart rate readings.Because heart rate estimation requires that (it is needed calculating power spectrum density Will be in the PPG data (for example, about 5 to 15 seconds data) in minimum duration), so working cycles logic is it is ensured that most Inscribed logical sensor of small time.In some embodiments, working cycles can be implemented as follows：

1. once obtaining enough samples to calculate heart rate estimation, sensor (light source and photodetector) can be turned off until asking Untill seeking next sample.

2. in the case where user finds the situation of estimation on screen on one's own initiative, working cycles can be turned off, and user sees heart rate Instantaneous renewal.

If 3. user participate in need high-resolution (for example, 1 second resolution ratio) as run or bike riding body movement, Working cycles can so be turned off again.

4. when user is not operated in a manner of requiring frequent updating, device logic switches back to low-power mode, and Can be with low frequency (for example, per minute once) measurement heart rate.It is interested in receiving renewal that suggestion user is not received even in logic Input when, can carry out infrequently heart rate measurement for long-term trend (such as a whole day) use.

5. in certain embodiments, the power consumed by LED light source can be reduced up to 75% using the device of working cycles, And the power by signal processing algorithm consumption is reduced up to 90%.

Ambient light and the colour of skin

Ambient light and the colour of skin may make it difficult to the heart rate from PPG signal extraction users.When can be by being opened from PPG light sources Receive detection optical signal value subtract PPG light sources close when receiving detect optical signal value and reduce the shadow of ambient light Ring (it is assumed that two signals were obtained in the time in close proximity to each other).

Can by change the intensity of PPG light sources, the wavelength of the light sent from light source and/or by using corresponding to two not The ratio or difference of the received signal of co-wavelength and reduce the influence of the colour of skin.It can be inputted by using user (for example, user keys in Its colour of skin), the image of human face etc. determines the colour of skin, and can come calibration algorithm, light-source brightness, light source followed by using the colour of skin Wavelength and receiver gain.Can also be by the way that the signal with known amplitude be sent into light source and then measured from photoelectric detector The signal received measures influence of the colour of skin (and compactness of user's wearable device) to original PPG signals.Such signal can Send the time cycle (to capture data via multiple expected heartbeats) up to extension and be then averaging and be not dependent on producing The stable state data group of heart rate.This amplitude can be determined then to algorithm calibration, hair compared with the class value being stored in table Emitter amplitude and receiver gain.

Estimate to improve using the heart rate of heuristic

After the initial estimation (for example, estimating by peak counting or power spectral density) of heart rate is obtained, it can be used for Speed is allowed to apply boundary heart rate.Can be for these boundaries of each user optimization, because each user will have uniquely Heart rate overview.For example, its sitting heart rate can be estimated when each user is fixed, and when this can be used as user's walking Lower limit.Similarly, the half of the walk frequency such as calculated from pedometer may act as the good lower limit for being expected heart rate.

Algorithm of heart rate can be directed to each user customize, and can learn the heart rate overview of user and suitable for user behavior and/ Or characteristic is so as to expressively more preferable over time.For example, the algorithm can be based on the historical data from user and right Heart rate or walking speed setting boundary during given body activity.This can be broken in heart rate data by noise and/or motion artifact Bad when, provides more preferable result.

HR quality metrics

In another example embodiment, the signal quality metrics of heart rate/PPG signals can be used to the standard of signal produced by providing The quantization of exactness/accuracy.Depending on this measurement value, determine user heart rate (or such as breathing other PPG export degree Amount) algorithm can take some actions, comprising allow user tense watchband, ignore collected heart rate data some parts (for example, Data segment with low quality metric), and some parts of heart rate data are weighted (for example, with better quality measurement Data can give bigger weight when calculating heart rate).

In one embodiment, can sending out signals quality metric as follows：Scatter diagram is drawn, wherein x-axis is the time, and y-axis For the frequency of the peak value in the PPG signals of that given time.Using this strategy it is to be overcome the problem of be can in given time There can be multiple and/or zero peak value.Line of best fit captures linear relationship in this scatter diagram.High-quality signal should have good One group of peak value of line (in short time span) is fitted to well, and bad signal is by with can not be described well by line one Group peak value.Therefore, to line fit quality provide PPG signals itself quality good measure.

Sitting, sleep and activity classification measurement

In yet another embodiment embodiment, when device determine user's sitting or it is sleeping when, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used Sensor calculates changes in heart rate.Herein, biometric monitoring arrangement can be with higher rate sampling mode (relative to non-sitting week Phase or the User Activity cycle beyond predetermined threshold) sensor is operated to calculate changes in heart rate.Biometric monitoring arrangement (or it is outer Part device) designator of the changes in heart rate as health of heart or anxiety can be used.

In fact, in certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can user's sitting and/or it is sleeping (for example, such as by Biometric monitoring arrangement detect and/or determine) when measure and/or determine user tensional level and/or health of heart.This hair Instruction changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, body temperature can be used in some embodiments of bright biometric monitoring arrangement And/or the sensing data of heart rate come determine the tensional level of user, health status (for example, fever or flu risk, hair Make, or progress), and/or health of heart.In this way, the process circuit of biometric monitoring arrangement can determine that and/or track with " baseline " tensional level and/or heart " health " over time of the user of time passage.In another embodiment, it is described Device can wherein user's without motion (or the motion of user is less than predetermined threshold, for example, when user is just being seated, lies down, fall asleep or During in sleep stage (for example, deep sleep)) one or more cycles during measure user physiological parameter.This data can also be by Biometric monitoring arrangement is used as nervous relevant parameter, health-related parameter (for example, the risk or hair of fever or flu Make), health of heart, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, " baseline " of body temperature and/or heart rate.

Sleep, which is faced, to be regarded

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically detect or determine user just attempt fall asleep, Fall asleep, fall asleep and/or waken up from sleep cycle.In this little embodiment, biosensor can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement To obtain data, and the data processing circuit of biometric monitoring arrangement can make the sensor collection from biometric monitoring arrangement Heart rate, changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, skin electroresponse, motion, the combination correlation of skin temperature and/or temperature data to be to examine Survey or determine whether user just attempts to fall asleep, falls asleep, falls asleep and/or waken up from sleep cycle.As response, biometric Monitoring arrangement can for example obtain physiological data (type as described herein and in a manner of as described herein) and/or determine The physiological condition (type as described herein and in a manner of as described herein) of user.For example, user movement Reduce or stop may indicate that user has fallen asleep with reference to the reduction of the change of user's heart rate and/or changes in heart rate.Changes in heart rate and skin The follow-up change of skin electroresponse then can determine the sleep state of user at two or two by biometric monitoring arrangement Transformation (for example, being changed into shallower and/or deeper sleep stage) between above sleep stage.The motion of user and/or liter The change of high heart rate and/or changes in heart rate can determine that user has waken up by biometric monitoring arrangement.

In real time, windowing or batch processing can be used to determine in the transformation for waking, sleeping between sleep stage.For example, The heart can be measured in time window (heart rate reduces in the rise of the beginning of the window and at the centre of the window (and/or end)) The reduction of rate.Awakening and sleep stage can by hidden Markov model using motor message (for example, the exercise intensity reduced), Heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin temperature, skin electroresponse and/or the change of ambient light level are classified.Can be by changing a little Algorithm (for example, Bayes change point analysis) determines transition point.Can be by observing the heart rate of wherein user in predetermined continue It is interior to be reduced at least a certain threshold value but the resting heart rate in user (it is for example observed minimum heart rate of the user in sleep) Predetermined margin in cycle come the transformation between determining to awaken and sleeping.Similarly, can be increased by observing the heart rate of user The transformation between sleep and awakening is determined on to the predetermined threshold higher than the resting heart rate of user.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be a component for monitoring the system of sleep, wherein The system includes the servicing unit (example being configured to communicate and be adapted for placement in biometric monitoring arrangement near sleeper Such as, alarm clock).In some embodiments, the servicing unit has to receiving biometric monitoring arrangement to carry out safety The shape and machinery and/or magnetic interfaces of keeping, communication and/or charging.However, the servicing unit also can be universally used in biology Measure monitoring arrangement, such as the smart phone without particular design physically to be interfaced with biometric monitoring arrangement.Can be via Wired communication interface or via wireless communication interface and such as bluetooth (including such as bluetooth 4.0 and bluetooth low energy agreement), The agreements such as RFID, NFC or WLAN provide the communication between biometric monitoring arrangement and servicing unit.Servicing unit can include To the sensor of assisting sleep monitoring or environmental surveillance, such as measuring environment light, noise and/or sound with detection (for example, beaten Snore), temperature, the sensor of humidity and air quality (pollen, dust, CO2, etc.).In one embodiment, servicing unit can be with Such as www.fitbit.com etc. external service or server (for example, personal computer) communication.Can via it is wired (for example, Ethernet, USB) or wireless (for example, WLAN, bluetooth, RFID, NFC, honeycomb fashion) circuit and to transfer data to servicing unit And/or realize the communication with servicing unit from the agreement of servicing unit transmission data.Servicing unit can also act as to by number Serviced according to from such as www.fitbit.com or other (for example, such as renewal of news, social networks, Email, calendar notification Etc. data) etc. external service or server (for example, personal computer, mobile phone, tablet PC) be sent to biometric Monitoring arrangement and/or the repeater that data are sent to the external service or server from biometric monitoring arrangement.It can make With the data from one or two device user is performed on one or two device or external service (for example, Cloud Server) The calculating of dormant data.

Servicing unit can equipped with display with show by servicing unit obtain data or by biometric monitoring arrangement, External service is sent to the group of its data or the data from biometric monitoring arrangement, servicing unit and/or external service Close.For example, servicing unit can show the heart rate of instruction user, the total step number on the same day, activity and/or sleep realization of goal, The data of the weather (measured by servicing unit or reported by external service for a position) on the same day etc..In another example, Servicing unit can be shown with user relative to the relevant data of the ranking of other users, such as total all step numbers.In another implementation In example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be shown by biometric monitoring arrangement, servicing unit, external service equipped with display Or the data that the combination in three sources obtains.First device is equipped with waking up alarm (for example, vibrating motor, raising one's voice wherein Device) embodiment in, servicing unit may act as spare alarm (for example, using audio tweeter).Servicing unit can also have Interface (for example, display and button or touch-screen) is to create, delete, change or enable the report on first and/or servicing unit Alert device.

Sensor-based ready mode

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically detect or determine if to be attached to user, peace Put with user and/or worn by user.In response to detecting or determining that biometric monitoring arrangement is not attached to user, peace Put with user and/or worn by user, biometric monitoring arrangement (or its selected portion) can be implemented or be placed in low-power Operator scheme, for example, optics heartbeat waveform sensor and/or circuit can be placed in lower-wattage or sleep pattern.For example, exist In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include one or more photodetectors (photodiode, optotransistor, etc.). If in the case where given luminous intensity sets (for example, the light sent relative to the light source by the part for biometric monitoring arrangement), One or more photodetectors provide low return signal, then biometric monitoring arrangement data can be construed as denoting showing device not by Wear.After such determination, device can reduce its power consumption at once, for example, by except other device circuits or display it Also " deactivation " or adjustment are nervous outside and/or the operating condition of heart rate detection sensor and/or circuit is (for example, by reducing light source And/or detector working cycles or disable light source and/or detector, turn off device, display, and/or disable or decay is related Join circuit or part thereof).In addition, biometric monitoring arrangement can periodically determine whether (for example, once per second) should be by tightly Open and/or the operating condition of heart rate detection sensor and/or associated circuits returns to normal operating condition (for example, light source, inspection Normal manipulation mode should be returned to and be used to carry out heart rate detection by surveying device and/or associated circuits).In another embodiment, it is biological Metering monitoring arrangement can be after triggerable event be detected (for example, detecting the motion of device (for example, based on from one Or the data of multiple motion sensors) and/or detect user's input via user interface (for example, being monitored with biometric Device touch by, collide or stir interaction) after) recover nervous and/or heart rate detection sensor and/or associated circuits at once Operating condition.In some related embodiments, purpose is saved for power, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in User Activity degree The default rate that its heart rate measurement is collected is reduced to one-shot measurement for example per minute when not high, and user can have and for example pass through Promoting button and by device be placed on demand or with faster speed (for example, once per second) produce measurement operator scheme.

Optical sensor

In one embodiment, optical sensor (source and/or detector) can be placed in the interior of biometric monitoring arrangement (that is, the side of the contact of biometric monitoring arrangement, touching and/or user oriented skin is (hereinafter referred to for portion or skin side " skin side ")) on.(see for example, Fig. 2A to 3C).In another embodiment, optical sensor can be placed in the one or more of device On individual side, comprising skin side and device towards or exposed to surrounding environment one or more sides (ambient side).(see example Such as, Fig. 6 A are to 7).

It is worth noting that, physiological data and/or environmental data can be represented come the data of a little optical sensors since then.It is actual On, in one embodiment, optical sensor provides, obtains and/or detected multiple sides from biometric monitoring arrangement Information, whether be placed on one or more of the multiple side without tube sensor.For example, optical sensor can Obtain the data relevant with the environment light condition of environment.

In the case where optical sensor is positioned or arranged in the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement, in operation, Light source in biometric monitoring arrangement can light on the skin of user, and be used as response, in biometric monitoring arrangement The light that the correspondence of photodetector sampling, acquisition and/or detection from skin (and from body interior) reflects and/or sent. One or more light sources and photodetector can be examined by enhancing or optimization signal to noise ratio and/or the light source and light is reduced or minimized The array or pattern for surveying the power consumption of device are arranged.These optical sensor samplings, acquisition and/or detection physiological data, The physiological data then can represent the heart of such as user through handling or analyzing (for example, by reside process circuit) to obtain Rate, breathing, changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), the horizontal number of blood volume, blood glucose, skin moisture and/or cutaneous pigmentation According to.

Light source can send the light of one or more wavelength of the type specific to or be directed to physiological data to be collected. Similarly, fluorescence detector sampling, measurement and/or detection also specific to or be directed to the type of physiological data to be collected And/or one or more wavelength of to be assessed or determination (user's) physiological parameter.For example, in one embodiment, send out Go out the light with the wavelength in green light spectrum light source (for example, send with corresponding to green light spectrum wavelength light LED) and The photodiode for being located to sample, measure and/or detect response corresponding with this light or reflect, which can provide, can be used to determine Or the data of detection heart rate.By contrast, send the light with the wavelength in red spectral light source (for example, send with pair Should be in the LED of the light of the wavelength of red spectral) and the light source of the light with the wavelength in infrared spectrum is sent (for example, sending The LED of light with the wavelength corresponding to IR spectrum) and it is located to sample, measure and/or detect the response or anti-of this light The photodiode penetrated, which can provide, can be used to determine or detect SpO₂Data.

In fact, in certain embodiments, the color or wavelength of the light sent by light source (such as LED (or one group of LED)) It can be changed, adjusted and/or be controlled according to the predefined type or operating condition of acquired physiological data.Herein, it is adjustable The wavelength of light that whole and/or control is sent by light source is to optimize and/or strengthen the physiological data for being obtained by detector and/or being sampled " quality ".For example, can be from red by the color of the LED light sent when the skin temperature or relatively low environment temperature of user Outside line is switched to the green signal to strengthen corresponding to cardiomotility.(see, such as Figure 11 D).

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be included in shell window (for example, to it is interim examine, Opaque window) launched with light of the promotion between optical sensor and user.Herein, the window can permit such as one or Multiple LED by light (for example, with selected wavelength) be issued on the skin of user and permit light response or reflection via described Window is to back through to be sampled, measure and/or be detected by such as one or more photodiodes.In one embodiment, The circuit relevant with sending and receiving light can be placed in the inside of crust of the device and in plastics or glassy layer (for example, being coated with red Outside line ink) or infrared lenses or wave filter (its permit infrared light by but disapprove the light in people's vision spectrum and pass through) Downwardly or rearwardly.In this way, the light transmission of the window can not be by human eye finding.

Light pipe or other translucent constructions can be used to promote light to be transmitted into from light source the body of user in biometric monitoring arrangement Body and skin.(see for example, Fig. 4 A are to 5).Thus, in certain embodiments, light can be through thus a little light pipes or other printing opacities Skin of the structure from light source oriented users.Scattering light from user's body can be biological to guiding is returned via same or like structure Measure the optical circuit in monitoring arrangement.In fact, the material and/or optics for promoting low light loss to lose can be used in the translucent construction (for example, translucent construction can include the lens for promoting light to collect, and the part of translucent construction can use reflecting material coating or adjacent for design The internal reflection that reflecting material is bordering on to promote light in translucent construction), thus improve the signal to noise ratio of photodetector and/or promotion subtracts The power consumption of small light source and/or photodetector.In certain embodiments, light pipe or other translucent constructions can include optionally Transmitting is with one or more specific or predetermined wavelength light (emission effciency is higher than the emission effciency of the light with other wavelength) Material, thus act as bandpass filter.This quasi-belt ventilating filter can be tuned to improve the signal of specific physiological data type.Lift For example, in one embodiment, in-mold label or " IML " translucent construction can be implemented, wherein the translucent construction use has The material of predetermined or required optical characteristics creates specific bandpass characteristic, so as to for example make infrared light by efficiency higher than having The light (for example, light with the wavelength in people's visible spectrum) of other wavelength.In another embodiment, biometric monitoring dress Put can be used and (included impermeable different from optics with optically opaque part (including some optical characteristics) and optical clear part The optical characteristics of bright part) translucent construction.Such translucent construction can provide via double injection or two step molding process, wherein Optically opaque material and optically transparent material are individually injected into mould.Implement the biometric prison of such translucent construction View apparatus may depend on through the light direct of travel of translucent construction and include different optical transmission characteristics for different wave length.Citing comes Say, in one embodiment, optically opaque material can reflect particular range of wavelengths so as to the body more efficiently by light from user Body transmitting returns to photodetector (it can have the different wave length of the wavelength relative to sent light).

In another embodiment, catoptric arrangement can be placed in the visual field of optical transmitting set and/or photodetector.Citing comes Say, have by light from optical transmitting set be directed to user skin and/or from the skin of user be directed to photodetector hole (or warp By perform this by way of advance translucent construction) side can be covered in reflecting material (for example, chromium plating) to promote light transmission.Instead Penetrate material and can increase and light is transferred to skin from light source and then returns to the efficiency of detector from skin transport.Optical epoxy can be used Resin or other transparent materials filling reflectivity apply cloth hole to prevent liquid from entering apparatus main body while still allow to damage with low transmission Lose transmitted light.

In another embodiment for implementing translucent construction (for example, the structure for creating or being formed via IML), this little printing opacity knot Structure can include the mask being made up of opaque material, opaque material limitation one, some or all of light sources and/or the detection The aperture of device.In this way, translucent construction, which optionally " defines ", emits light into or from the user's body of its detection light Preferred volume.Use or implement other masks to configure it is worth noting that, described herein and/or explanation concept can be combined； For example to improve photoelectricity volume diagram signal and combine this all a little masking of described herein and/or explanation concept implementation Configure set fall within the scope of the present invention.

In another embodiment, optical transmitting set and/or detector can be configured with via the hole in device outside or a system Arrange hole transmitting light.This hole or this series of apertures can be filled with light transmitting epoxy resin (such as optical resin).Epoxy resin can shape Into light-guiding pillar, it allows light to be transmitted into skin from optical transmitting set and return to photodetector from skin transmitting.This technology also has Advantages below：Epoxy resin can form waterproof sealing, so as to prevent water, sweat or other liquid from entering by the hole on device outside Enter apparatus main body, the hole allows optical transmitting set and detector emit light into biometric monitoring arrangement body exterior and from Biometric monitoring arrangement body exterior receives light.Epoxy resin with high heat conductance can be used to help prevent light source (for example, LED) overheat.

In any one of translucent construction as described herein, the exposure table of optics (translucent construction) or apparatus main body Face can include hard japanning, hard dip-coating thing or optical coating (such as antireflection, anti-scratch, antifog and/or wavelength band stop (such as Ultraviolet light blocking) coating).This little characteristic or material can improve the operation of biometric monitoring arrangement, the degree of accuracy and/or durable Property.

Fig. 4 A illustrate a potential PPG light source and the example of photoelectric detector geometry.In this embodiment, two light Source is placed on the either side of photoelectric detector.These three devices are located at wristband type biometric monitoring arrangement (its side face To the skin of user) the back side on it is raised in.

Fig. 4 B and 4C illustrate the example with the PPG sensors of photoelectric detector and two LED light sources.These components are placed In the biometric monitoring arrangement with projection on dorsal part.Light-pipe optics connects LED and photoelectric detector and user's skin Surface.Side under the skin, the light from light source can scatter or reflect back into light from the blood scattering in body, some of which In photodetector.

Fig. 5 illustrates the example of the biometric monitoring arrangement with the optimized PPG detectors for possessing projection, the projection With curved side in order to avoid making user not feel well.In addition, photoelectric detector and LED light are coupled to the skin of wearer The surface of light pipe is that the wavy luminous flux to maximize between LED and photoelectric detector and light pipe couples.The user oriented of light pipe The end of skin is also to be wavy.This profile can make light focus on or defocus to optimize PPG signals.For example, the profile can make It is light emitted to focus on a certain depth for meeting the region that blood flow occur and position.The summit of these focuses can be overlapping Together or very close to cause photoelectric detector to receive the scattering light of maximum possible amount.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can include concave or convex shape in the skin side of device (such as lens), light is collected into from the point so that light is focused on and increased towards the designated volume at the certain depth in skin The efficiency of photoelectric detector.(see for example, Fig. 4 A are to 5).In such biometric monitoring arrangement also using light pipe with optionally And controllably in the case of route light, carry out moulding to the end of light-guiding pillar and make it have a certain degree of cylindricity (example Such as, nominally the end of light-guiding pillar can be cylindrical surface (or its portion by being defined parallel to the cylinder axis of skin side Point)) can be favourable (using axially symmetric lens for example, substituting).For example, in Wrist belt-type biometric monitoring arrangement In, nominally such cylindrical lens can be oriented such that cylinder axis parallel to the forearm of wearer, this measure can have Limit and enter the amount of this lens-like light from the direction of the forearm parallel to people and increase from the direction of the forearm perpendicular to people Enter the effect of the amount of this lens-like light, because being compared, environment (that is, perpendicular to the forearm of user) with the direction covered by bandage The direction (i.e. along the forearm axis of user) that light is more likely never covered by the bandage of biometric monitoring arrangement reaches sensing Light can be sent on user's skin or efficiency therein while reduced by increase by device detection zone, such configuration from transmitter Signal to noise ratio is improved by photoelectric detector detection or " spuious " light collected.In this way, sampled, measured by photoelectric detector And/or the signal of detection (is represented to institute by less veiling glare and to this light emitted more user's skin/body response Launch the signal or data of the response of light) composition.

In another embodiment, light transmitting epoxy resin may be molded as concave or convex shape to be also provided with for sensor The optical characteristics of benefit.For example, during light transmitting epoxy resin is coated, the top of the translucent construction formed by the epoxy resin Portion can be through being shaped as concave surface with so that light is more efficiently coupled to translucent construction.

In one embodiment, the component of optical sensor can be positioned in the skin side of device, and arranged or positioning So that (i) light source and/or the distance between associated detector and (ii) user's skin is reduced or minimized.See such as Fig. 3 A, its The cross-sectional view of the sensor projection of example portable monitoring device is provided.In figure 3 a, two light sources (for example, LED) are placed On the either side of photoelectric detector with realize PPG sense.Light-locking material be placed between light source and photoelectric detector to prevent Only any light from light source reaches main body of the photoelectric detector without exiting biometric monitoring arrangement first.Flexible transparent layer It can be placed in the lower surface of sensor projection to form sealing.This hyaline layer can serve other functions, such as prevent liquid Body enters device in the opening position for placing light source or photoelectric detector.This hyaline layer can be formed via in-mold label or " IML ".Light Source and photoelectric detector can be placed on flexible PCB.

Such configuration can improve the luminous flux coupling efficiency between the component of optical sensor and user's body.Citing comes Say, in one embodiment, light source and/or associated detector can be placed in flexible or flexible substrate, it is described flexible or Flexible substrate deflection, so as to allow the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement (it can be made up of conforming materials) to meet (for example, without extra process) or biometric monitoring arrangement can be met in the normal operating phase through moulding (or compliance) Between the shape of body part (for example, the wrist of user, arm, ankle and/or leg) that is coupled to or is attached to, to cause light source And/or associated detector is (that is, several between the skin side of device and the neighbouring surface of user's skin close to the skin of user Gapless.See such as Fig. 6 A.In one embodiment, light source and/or associated detector can be placed in flat flexible cable On (Flat Flex Cable) or " FFC " or flexible PCB.In this embodiment, flexible or flexible substrate (for example, FFC or Flexible PCB) may be connected in device be mounted with other components (for example, data processing circuit) thereon the second substrate (for example, PCB).The optical module of different height may be mounted to the difference " finger " of flexible substrate and through pressing or being fastened to shell table Face so that optical module flushes with case surface.In one embodiment, the second substrate can be relative without flexible or inflexibility Substrate, it is fixed in device, is mounted with other circuits and component (passive and/or active) thereon.

Fig. 3 C provide another cross-sectional view of example PPG Sensor Implementations.It is worth noting that, this PPG sensor In there is no projection.In addition, liquid gasket and/or contact adhesive are preventing liquid from entering biometric monitoring arrangement main body.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement may be adapted to be worn or carried by user's body.Including the optics heart In some embodiments of rate monitor, device can be the wrist wearing type such as wrist-watch or bracelet or arm installing type ornament. (see for example, Fig. 2A is to 7).In one embodiment, the optical element of optics heart rate monitor can be located at biometric monitoring dress On the inside put or skin side, such as when biometric monitoring arrangement is worn in wrist towards top (that is, the optics of wrist Heart rate monitor can be adjacent to and towards wrist).(see for example, Fig. 2A to 3C).

In another embodiment, optics heart rate monitor can be located at one or more outside or rings of biometric monitoring arrangement On the side surface of border.(see for example, Fig. 6 B and 7).In this little embodiment, user can use the finger touching optical window of phase backhand (optical element of optics heart rate monitor is located at its rear) with originate heart rate measurement (and/or other measurements relevant with heart rate, Such as changes in heart rate) and/or collect can be used to determine user heart rate (and/or other measurements relevant with heart rate) data. (see for example, Fig. 6 B).In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can pass through the incident light in sense photodiode It is (unexpected) decline and trigger or starting measurement, for example, when the finger of user is placed on optical window.Additionally or alternatively Ground, can (it can be with other detectors by the proximity detector based on infrared ray and/or capacitor-type touch/proximity detector Separate) trigger heart rate measurement (or other such measurements).Such a proximity detector and/or capacitive touch based on infrared ray Touch/proximity detector can be placed in optical window or thereon and/or functionally, electricity and/or be physically coupled to optical window Mouthful to detect or determine the presence of such as user's finger.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include button, and the button is triggered or risen when pressed Beginning heart rate measurement (and/or other measurements relevant with heart rate).The button can be placed in be sentenced in hand very close to optical window Finger facilitates user to press button when being placed on optical window.(see for example, Fig. 7).In one embodiment, optical window can be embedding Enter in promoting button.Thus, when a user presses a button, it can trigger to the measurement for the finger for pressing button.In fact, can Assign certain shape of button and/or press pressure resistance, it strengthens or the pressure distribution of optimization button resistance finger is with measurement or number According to providing high s/n ratio during acquisition.(undeclared) in other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in intermediate plate, smooth right As, suspension member, ankletbangle, band etc. be suitable to be worn on body, clip to or be installed to dress, be stored in clothes (for example, pocket In) or the form that is stored in ornament (for example, handbag).

In a particular embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include projection in the skin side of device or inner side. (see Fig. 2A to 6A).When being coupled to user, the projection is than peripheral devices main body with engaging skin more energetically.It is real herein Apply in example, optical window or translucent construction (both is all being discussed in detail above) can form a part for projection or be incorporated in prominent In rising.The optical transmitting set and/or detector of optical sensor can be positioned or arranged in projection near window or translucent construction. (see for example, Fig. 2 B and 6A).Thus, when being attached to the body of user, the window portion of the projection of biometric monitoring arrangement Skin than peripheral devices main body with engaging user more energetically, is thus provided more firm between the skin and optical window of user Solid physical coupling.That is, described projection can cause durable contact between biometric monitoring arrangement and the skin of user, and it can Reduce the amount of the veiling glare by photoelectric detector measurement, reduce relative motion between biometric monitoring arrangement and user, and/ Or offer is to the improved local pressure of user's skin；All these quality for improving heart signal of interest.It is worth note Meaning, the projection contain close and/or rigid contact the other sensors benefited from user's skin.These Sensor in addition to heartbeat waveform sensor or can substitute heartbeat waveform sensor and be included, and include such as skin temperature Degree sensor (for example, using by hot epoxy resin be joined to projection outer surface optical window or thermal resistor it is non- Contact thermoelectric pile), pulse oximeter, blood pressure sensor, the sensor such as EMG or skin electroresponse (GSR) sensor.

Additionally or alternatively, a part for the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement can include friction enhancing mechanism or material Material.For example, the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement can include multiple raised or sunken areas or part (for example, small convex Block, oncus, groove and/or pit).In addition, friction enhancing material is (for example, such as siloxanes isogel sample material or other bullets Property material) it can be placed in skin side.In fact, the device back side can also provide friction made of gel, while also improve and use Family comfort level and prevent veiling glare from entering.As noted above, friction enhancing mechanism or material can be individually or jointly as herein It is described to be used with the biometric monitoring arrangement of projection.Thus, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in device In jut or upper include multiple raised or sunken areas or part (for example, small lugs, oncus, groove and/or pit).It is real On border, this little raised or sunken areas or part may be incorporated into/be embedded into the window portion of projection or on.Additionally or alternatively, Jut can be made up of (for example, such as siloxanes isogel sample material) friction enhancing material or with the friction enhancing material Coating.It is worth noting that, the use of projection and/or friction can be by reducing biometric monitoring arrangement (and thus sensor) Improve in operation (when especially user moves) relative to the motion of the skin of user corresponding to some parameters The data of (for example, heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, pigmenting of skin, heat flux, blood pressure, blood glucose etc.) obtain The accuracy of measurement taken.

Some or all of the inside of biometric monitoring arrangement or skin side shell can also by metal material (for example, steel, Stainless steel, aluminium, magnesium or titanium) composition.Such configuration can provide structural rigidity.(see for example, Fig. 2 B).In such embodiment, dress Putting main body can be designed to be low irritability by using low irritability " no nickel " stainless steel.It is worth noting that, use (at least in some positions) at least slightly can be containing ferrous some type of metal (for example, being ferrous stainless steel grade) Favourable.In this little embodiment, (wherein it includes rechargeable energy source (for example, rechargeable to biometric monitoring arrangement Battery)) can be interconnected via connector and charger, the connector using the magnet for being coupled to divalence iron material and by itself It is fastened to biometric monitoring arrangement.In addition, this magnetic properties engaged with base or extension also can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement Depressed place is to promote data to transmit.In addition, such shell can provide reinforced electric magnetic screen, it will strengthen optics heartbeat waveform sensor And the integrality and reliability of heart rate data acquisition process/operation.In addition, skin temperature transducer can for example pass through hot asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin Fat physical coupling and metal master is thermally coupled to sense the temperature of user.In the embodiment comprising projection, sensor can be determined Position is near projection or in projection with the thermal coupling of the rigid contact of offer to user's skin and localization.

In a preferred embodiment, (in one embodiment, it can be located at projection to one or more components of optical sensor In, and/or in another embodiment, it is flushed in which can dispose or place with the surface of biometric monitoring arrangement) via not leaking Liquid-tight envelope (that is, the method/mechanism for preventing liquid from entering in the main body of biometric monitoring arrangement) and be attached, fix, including and/ Or it is fastened to biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, in one embodiment, by metal (such as, but not limited to stainless steel, aluminium, magnesium Or titanium) or rigid plastics made of the device back side can provide it is hard enough to maintain the structural intergrity of device while adapt to sense The structure of the water-tight sealing of device encapsulation.(see for example, Fig. 2 B to 3C).

In a preferred embodiment, the encapsulation of optical sensor or module can be connected to by pressure sensitive adhesive and liquid gasket Device.See such as Fig. 3 C, it provides another cross-sectional view of PPG Sensor Implementations.It is worth noting that, this PPG is sensed There is no projection in device.In addition, liquid gasket and/or contact adhesive are preventing liquid from entering apparatus main body.For example, such as Fruit is in optical sensor package/firmer or more durable connection is needed between module and apparatus main body, then spiral shell also can be used Nail, rivet etc..It is worth noting that, the present embodiment also can be used for example GORE-TEX (Gore-Tex), o ring, sealant, Optical sensor package/module is fastened or is attached to biometric by the marine glue such as grease or epoxy resin, hydrophobic diaphragm Monitoring arrangement main body.

As discussed above, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can include to be placed on skin side or inner side, includes high reflectance The material of characteristic, such as polished stainless steel, reflectivity paint and polished plastics.In this way, dissipated from the skin side of device The light penetrated can reflect back into skin for example to improve the signal to noise ratio of optics heartbeat waveform sensor.In fact, with it is nonreflective The apparatus main body back side of (or smaller reflectivity) is compared, and this effectively increases input optical signal.It is worth noting that, in a reality Apply in example, the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or the color of inner side can be chosen to provide some optical characteristics (for example, anti- Penetrate specific or predetermined wavelength light), to improve the signal on some physiological data types.For example, in biometric In the case that the skin side of monitoring arrangement or inner side are green, it is attributable to the preferred emission for corresponding to the light of the wavelength of green light spectrum And strengthen the measurement of heart rate.In the case where the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or inner side is red, it is attributable to correspondingly Strengthen SpO in the preferred emission of the light of the wavelength of red spectral₂Measurement.In one embodiment, can be according to acquired life Manage the predefined type of data and change, adjust and/or control the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or the color of inner side.

Figure 11 A describe the example schematic block diagram of optics heartbeat waveform sensor, wherein skin of the light from light source towards user Skin is sent, and the reflection of this light from skin/body interior of user is sensed by photodetector, and the signal from photodetector is subsequent Digitized by A/D converter (ADC).The intensity (for example, via intensity of light source control module) of light source can be changed with maintenance Desirable reflected signal strength.For example, the intensity of light source can be reduced to avoid the output signal from photodetector from satisfying With.As another example, it is possible to increase the intensity of light source is with output valve scope needed for the output signal from photodetector is maintained It is interior.It is worth noting that, the active control of system can be via linearly or nonlinearly control method (for example, proportional-integral-differential (PID) control, fixed step size control, predictive control, neutral net, hysteresis, etc.) to realize, and it is also usable from device In other sensors derived from information (such as motion, skin electroresponse, etc.).Offer Figure 11 A illustrate rather than this is a little The embodiment of system is limited to the ADC being for example integrated in MCU or uses MCU in this respect.Other possible embodiments include Using one or more internal or external ADC, FPGA, ASIC, etc..

In another embodiment, the system with optics heartbeat waveform sensor may be incorporated into sampling and holding circuit (or waits Imitate thing) use with turn off or decay light source to save power when maintain photodetector output.Photodetector is defeated wherein In the vital embodiment of relative changes (for example, heart rate measurement) gone out, sampling and holding circuit can need not maintain light to detect The accurate duplication of the output of device.In some cases, it is such as diode (for example, the pole of Schottky two that sampling and holding, which can simplify, Pipe) and capacitor.Sampling and the output of holding circuit can be presented to analog signal and adjust circuit (for example, sarin-base (Sallen- Key) bandpass filter, level shifter, and/or gain circuitry) with adjust and amplify the signal in band of interest (for example, For heart or respiratory function, 0.1Hz to 10Hz), it can then pass through ADC digital.See such as Figure 11 B.

In operation, such as those are opened up in the circuit of circuits described herein topology (such as sampling and holding circuit) The DC and low frequency component for removing signal are flutterred, and helps to parse the AC component relevant with heart rate and/or breathing.Embodiment can also include Circuit is adjusted for the analog signal of variable gain setting, it can be controlled to provide suitable signal (for example, unsaturated).Light The performance characteristics of source, photodetector and/or sampling and holding (for example, the climb rate and/or gain band width product) and power consumption Analog signal regulation circuit can be significantly higher than to realize that the rapid operation of light source circulates.In certain embodiments, there is provided to light source And the power of photodetector can be with being supplied to the power of analog signal regulation circuit to be individually controlled to provide excess power saving. Alternatively or additionally, the feature such as enabling, disable and/or shut down can be used to realize that power is saved in circuit.In another reality Apply in example, photodetector and/or sampling and the output of holding circuit in addition to analog signal adjusts circuit or can substitute simulation Circuit for signal conditioning and be sampled by ADC to control the luminous intensity of light source or measurement physiological parameter of interest (for example, working as mould Intend circuit for signal conditioning when not yet stablizing after changing luminous intensity setting).It is worth noting that, because physiology of interest is believed It is small number to be commonly angled relative to ADC intrinsic resolution, therefore in certain embodiments, can adjust ADC reference voltage and/or gain To strengthen signal quality and/or over sampling can be carried out to ADC.In another embodiment, device can be for example, by over sampling, adjustment ADC reference voltage and/or gain or numeric only sampling and the output of holding circuit using high resolution A/D C.See for example Figure 11 C.

PPG DC offset removal technology

In another embodiment, sensor device may be incorporated into difference amplifier and be changed with amplifying the relative of the output of photodetector Become.See such as Figure 11 F.In certain embodiments, digital averaging or digital low-pass filtering letter can be subtracted from the output of photodetector Number.This modified signal can be then exaggerated, and then it is by ADC digital.In another embodiment, can be via for example using taking Sample and holding circuit and analog signal adjust circuit and are subtracted from the output of photodetector and simulate average or analogue low pass filtering letter Number.It is supplied to the power of light source, photodetector and difference amplifier can be with being supplied to the power of analog signal regulation circuit independent Ground control is saved with improving power.

In another embodiment, a signal (voltage or electric current, depending on particular sensor can be subtracted from original PPG signals Embodiment) to remove any biasing in original PPG signals, and therefore increase containing heart rate (or other loop parameters, such as Changes in heart rate) information PPG signals gain or the amplification PPG signals.This signal can be set to default value, base in the factory A value is set in particular skin reflectivity, absorption and/or the color of user, and/or may depend on from ambient light sensing The feedback of device changes depending on the analysis of PPG signals itself.For example, if it is determined that there is PPG signals big DC to offset, Constant voltage can be so subtracted from PPG signals to remove DC skews and realize larger gain, therefore improves PPG signal qualitys. In this example, DC skews can be due to the ambient light from PPG light sources arrival photoelectric detector (for example, from the sun or from room Intraoral illumination) or from PPG light sources reflection light.

In another embodiment, difference amplifier can be used to the measurement currently poor rather than each signal between previous sample Value.Because larger gain can be applied to by the value of each sample generally than poor much bigger between each sample Each measurement, therefore improve PPG signal qualitys.The signal can then be integrated to obtain original time domain signal.

In another embodiment, optical detector module may be incorporated into the transimpedance amplifier level with variable gain.It is such to match somebody with somebody Put can avoid or minimize the bright ambient light of the system of Himdu logic and/or from light source transmitting bright light and saturation.For example, transimpedance is put The gain of big device can pass through the variable resistance in the negative feedback paths of transimpedance amplifier and/or one group of multiplexing resistor And automatically reduce.In certain embodiments, device can be by carrying out Modulation and Amplitude Modulation to the intensity of light source and then light being detected The output of device is demodulated (for example, synchronous detection) and is incorporated to few optics shielding from ambient light.See such as Figure 11 E. In other side, if there is ambient light enough brightness to obtain heart rate signal, then light source can reduce brightness and/or close completely Fall.

In another embodiment, combinedly using aforementioned processing technology with the physiological parameter of optical measurement user.See Such as Figure 11 G.This topology can allow system with low-power measurement state and circuit topology (in where applicable) operation and optionally and Suitable for higher-wattage measuring state and circuit topology.For example, system can use simulation during or sitting fixed in user Circuit for signal conditioning measures physiological parameter (for example, heart rate) of interest to reduce power consumption, but direct in User Activity It is switched to and the over sampling formula of photodetector output is sampled.

In the embodiment that wherein biometric monitoring arrangement includes heart rate monitor, process signal is to obtain heart rate measurement Filtering and/or Signal Regulation, such as bandpass filtering (for example, Butterworth (Butterworth) filters) can be included.Believe to offset The big transition and/or the convergence of the improvement filtering that may occur in number, can be used such as neutral net or climb rate limitation Deng nonlinear method.The data (such as motion, skin electroresponse, skin temperature etc.) of sensor on device can be used to adjust Signal Regulation method used in whole.Under specified operating conditions, can be by being carried out to the number of the signal peak in time window Count or measure and use by using the fundamental frequency or second harmonic (for example, via FFT (FFT)) of signal The heart rate at family.In other cases, such as in user movement the heart rate data obtained, can be to the signal and spectral peak that are extracted Value performs FFT, and it can be followed by by multiple target tracking device (it, continuing, merge and delete tracking to the frequency spectrum) It is acted upon.In certain embodiments, one group of similar operations can be performed to motor message, and output is used for movable discriminating (for example, sitting, walking, running, sleep, lie down, being seated, cycling, typewriting, elliptical exercise, body weight training), it is more to aid in Target tracker.For example, with this information it is possible to determine user is fixed and has started to move.This information can be used to preferentially to make tracking after It is continuous to be partially deflected in increase frequency.Similarly, movable discriminator can determine that user has stopped running or just more slowly running, and this Information can be used to preferentially make tracking continuation part be partial to reduce frequency.Single sweep or more scanning multiple target tracking device topologys can be used Tracking, such as JPDA tracker, multiple hypotheis tracking, immediate neighbor are realized, etc..Can be via Kalman Wave filter, spline regression, particle filter, Interacting Multiple Model Algorithm etc. complete the estimation and prediction in tracker.Tracking Selector module can be used the output trajectory from multiple spectra tracker and estimate the heart rate of user.The estimation can be taken as maximum Possibility track, track control its for heart rate weighted sum of probability etc..In addition, movable discriminator can influence to obtain heart rate The selection and/or fusion of estimation.For example, if user sleeps, is seated, lying down or sitting, then prior probability can 40 can be partial to the heart rate in 80bpm scopes；And if user runs, jogs or carried out other strenuous exercises, then Prior probability may be partial to the elevated heart rate in 90 to 180bpm scopes.The influence of movable discriminator can the speed based on user Degree.When user does not move, estimation can shift to the fundamental frequency (or completely by its acquisition) of signal.It can be changed based on instruction activity Track of the criterion selection of change corresponding to user's heart rate；For example, if user walks since fixed, then can be excellent First selection illustrates the track of the skew towards upper frequency.

The acquisition of good heart rate signal can carry out wired via biometric monitoring arrangement or with biometric monitoring arrangement Or the display on another device (for example, mobile phone equipped with bluetooth low energy) of radio communication is indicated to user. In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can include S meter, and it is by can be by the pulse for the LED that user inspects To represent.Pulse can be timed or related consistent with the heartbeat with user.LED intensity, pulse rates and/or color can be through repairing Change or adjust to imply signal intensity.For example, relatively bright LED intensity can represent stronger signal or in RGB LED Configuration, green LED can represent stronger signal.

In certain embodiments, energy (for example, quadratic sum) of the signal in such as 0.5Hz to 4Hz frequency band can be passed through To determine the intensity of heart rate signal.In other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can have, may be incorporated into or construction is to shell And/or strain gauge, pressure sensor, force snesor in belt, or other contact indication sensors are (in biometric monitoring dress Put be attached to belt (such as wrist-watch, bracelet and/or arm band) or with belt (it can be then secured to user) installation implement In example).The data from these feelers can be solely based on or combine the data from heart rate signal to calculate signal Quality metric (for example, heart rate signal quality).

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can via photodetector array (such as photodiode or The grid of CCD camera) heart rate is monitored optically.Can via the signature tracking to skin and/or using accelerometer and The adaptive motion of gyroscope is corrected to track motion of the Optical devices relative to skin.Detector array can with skin contact or Small distance is offset from skin.Can actively control (for example, passing through motor) detector array and its associated optics with Maintain the stable image of target and obtain heart rate signal.Information or figure from motion sensor (for example, gyroscope) can be used Realize that this optical-mechanical stabilizes as feature.In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can be used, illuminates skin (each of which photoelectric detector is between the adjacent detector for compared with for relevant or incoherent light source and photodetector array (so as to obtain so-called spot pattern, a variety of image trace technologies can be used to be tracked to intensity for it, such as light stream, template Match somebody with somebody, Edge track etc.) comparator be associated) implement relative motion elimination.In this embodiment, the light for motion tracking Source may differ from the light source for optics heart rate monitor.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be by multiple photoelectric detectors of the surface distributed along device And photophore (photoemitter) composition, described device touch skin (that is, the skin of biometric monitoring arrangement of user Side).(see for example, Fig. 2A to 6A).For example, in the example of bracelet, it may be present and be placed on along belt internal circumference The multiple photoelectric detectors and photophore in each site.(see for example, Fig. 6 A).The heart rate signal matter associated with each site Metric may be calculated to determine to be used for the optimal or one group of optimal site for estimating user's heart rate.Then, it can disable or turn off institute Some in rheme point are for example to reduce power consumption.Device can periodically check some or all of site place Heart rate signal quality is to strengthen, monitor and/or optimize signal and/or power efficiency.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include heart rate monitor system, and it includes such as optics, sound , pressure, electricity (for example, ECG or EKG) and motion etc. multiple sensors, and merge in these sensors both or two More than person information is to provide the estimation of heart rate and/or mitigate noise by exercise induced.

In addition to heart rate monitor (or other biometrics monitoring) or substitute heart rate monitor (or the monitoring of other biometrics), In certain embodiments, it is sudden and violent to be tracked based on optical condition or detect ultraviolet light can to include optical sensor for biometric monitoring arrangement Dew, whole outdoor opticals exposure the time and duration, (fluorescent light is sudden and violent for the duration of the type of light source and light source and intensity Dew, incandescent light exposure, halogen, etc.), to TV exposure (based on light type and flicker speed), user indoors or exist Outdoor, time of day and position.In one embodiment, ultraviolet light detecting sensors can be by being driven to the reverse bias of photodetector LED emitter forms.For example, thus the feature of photoelectric current caused by detector can be measure LED electric capacity (or substitute Ground, parallel capacitance) electric discharge the spent time.

All optical sensors discussed herein can combine other sensors using to improve data as described above Detection or to strengthen the detection of other types of physiology or environmental data.

In the case where biometric monitoring arrangement includes audio or passive acoustic sensor, device can contain one or more Passive acoustic sensor, it detects sound and pressure and can be including but not limited to microphone, piezoelectric film etc..Acoustic sensor can pacify Put on one or more sides of device, comprising touching or towards the side (skin side) of skin and the side (ring of Environment Oriented Border side).

Skin side acoustics or the detectable any kind of sound sent via body of audio sensor, and this little sensor Can by optimize this little sensor noise when the array of both power consumptions or pattern and arrange.These sensors are detectable to exhale Inhale (for example, by listening attentively to lung), Breathiness (for example, breathing, snoring) and problem (for example, sleep apnea, etc.), heart rate The voice of (listening attentively to heartbeat), user (via the sound sent from vocal cords by body).

The biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can also include skin electroresponse (GSR) circuit to measure the skin pair of user The response of mood and physical stimulation or physiological change (for example, transformation of sleep stage).In certain embodiments, biometric is supervised View apparatus can be wrist or arm installing type device, and it is incorporated to made of conductive rubber or fabric belt with so that skin pricktest rings Electrode is answered to be hidden in belt.Because skin pricktest response circuit can suffer from changing temperature and environmental condition, It can be also included to realize the circuit calibrated automatically, such as two or two with application on human skin/electrode path in parallel or series Changeable reference resistor above, it allows to the real-time measurement of known resistance device to characterize the response of skin pricktest response circuit. Reference resistor can be switched on and off so that cause can be independently and/or with the resistance of application on human skin simultaneously to it in measuring route Measure.

For performing PPG circuit

PPG circuits can be optimized to obtain best quality signal, and independent of a variety of environmental conditions, including but not limited to fortune Dynamic, ambient light and the colour of skin.Circuits below and technology can be used to perform this optimization (see Figure 16 A to 16J)；

- available for the PPG samplings sensed and holding circuit and difference/instrument amplifier.Output signal is with reference to given The current amplified difference between previous sample of voltage.

- in the controlled current source of the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier " biasing " electric current.This allows to amplify in transimpedance Larger gain is applied at device level.

- be used for be applied to photodiode (before transimpedance amplifier) current feedback sampling and holding circuit. This is removed available for ambient light, or " biasing " electric current removes, or as pseudo-differential amplifier (double track may be needed).

- difference/instrument amplifier that there is ambient light to eliminate.

- compensation by DAC dynamically caused electric currents photodiode.

- compensation by controlled voltage source dynamically caused electric current photodiode.

- use the ambient light of " switched capacitor " method to remove.

The photoelectricity two of-compensation electric current (can also be completed by constant voltage source and resistor) caused by constant current source Pole pipe.

Differencing between the removal of-ambient light and continuous sample.

Figure 16 A illustrate the sampling and the signal of the example of holding circuit and difference/instrument amplifier that can be used for PPG sensings Figure.Output signal in such circuit can be with reference to the amplified difference between the current sample of given voltage and previous sample.

Figure 16 B explanations are using controlled current source come in the PPG sensors of the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier " biasing " electric current Circuit example schematic.Larger gain is applied in this permission at transimpedance amplifier level.

Figure 16 C illustrate that use sampling for PPG sensors and holding circuit are used to be applied to photodiode (across resistance Before anti-amplifier) current feedback circuit example schematic.This circuit removes available for ambient light, or " biasing " electric current Remove, or as pseudo-differential amplifier.

It is discussed in greater detail and is related in No. 61/946,439 U.S. provisional patent application cases filed on 2 28th, 2014 Using the various circuits and concept of the heart rate measurement of PPG sensors, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously in " related application The cross reference of case " is incorporated by reference in part, and relative to the heart rate measurement and use carried out with PPG sensors In perform it is such measurement (such as) with compensate the circuit of sensor saturation, ambient light and the colour of skin, method and system content again It is herein incorporated by reference.

Biometric feeds back

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can provide a user feedback based on one or more biometric signals. In one embodiment, PPG signals can be as real-time or near real-time waveform on the display of biometric monitoring arrangement (or on display of the servicing unit to be communicated with the biometric monitoring arrangement) is presented to user.This waveform can provide with The similar feedback of the waveform that is shown on ECG or EKG machines.Except provide a user can be used to estimate various cardiac measures (for example, Heart rate) PPG signals instruction outside, the waveform may also provide feedback, and the feedback may be such that user can optimize its pendant Wear position and the pressure of biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, waveform, which can be seen, in user has short arc.In response to this, use Family can attempt to for the position of biometric monitoring arrangement to be moved to the diverse location for providing higher amplitudes signal.In some embodiment party In case, based on this little instruction, biometric monitoring arrangement can provide instructions to user with mobile or adjustment biometric monitoring dress The fit put is to improve signal quality.

In another embodiment, the matter on PPG signals can be provided a user via the method different from display waveform The feedback of amount.If signal quality (such as signal to noise ratio) exceedes a certain threshold value, then biometric monitoring arrangement can send the sense of hearing Alarm (such as buzzer).Visual cues (for example, via use display) can be supplied to user by biometric monitoring arrangement To change the position of sensor and/or increase the pressure of wearable device (for example, passing through in the case where device is worn in wrist Tense wrist strap).

The sensor that can be directed to different from PPG sensors provides biometric feedback.For example, if device uses ECG, EMG are connected to the device for performing any one of these, then it can be provided a user on from those sensors Waveform feedback.If the signal to noise ratio of these sensors is low or signal quality is damaged because of other reasons, then may indicate that use Family its how can improve the signal.For example, if heart rate can not be detected from ECG sensor, then device can to Family provides visual message, indicates its wetting or gets ECG electrode wet to improve signal.

Environmental sensor

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can be used one in following environmental sensor, some Or environmental data is for example all obtained, include the environmental data summarized in the following table.This little biometric monitoring arrangement is unlimited In the number or type of sensor as specified below, and the other sensors for obtaining the environmental data summarized in following table can be used. All combinations of environmental sensor and/or environmental data and arrangement is set falls within the scope of the present invention.In addition, device can be from right Inductive sensing device output data export environmental data, but be not limited to its can derived from the sensor environmental data type.

It is worth noting that, environmentally sensitive as described herein can be used in the embodiment of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention One or more of device or one or more of biosensor whole and as described herein are whole.In fact, the present invention Biometric monitoring arrangement can be used any sensor currently known or develop later obtain environmental data as described herein and Any one of physiological data or all, it all set falls within the scope of the present invention.

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be included and is for example placed in or the height inside crust of the device Spend flowmeter sensor.(see for example, Figure 12 B and 12C；Figure 12 C explanations are with biosensor, environmental sensor and are connected to processing The example of the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement of the position sensor of device).In the case, crust of the device can have ventilation Mouthful, it allows device internal measurement, detection, sampling and/or any change for undergoing external pressure.In one embodiment, lead to Air port can prevent water from entering device, while promote via the measurement of height flowmeter sensor, detection and/or the change of sampling pressure.Lift For example, the outer surface of biometric monitoring arrangement can include ventilating opening type configuration or framework (for example, Gore^TMVentilating opening), It allows surrounding air to move in and out the shell of device, and (it allows height flowmeter sensor to measure, detection and/or sampling pressure Change), but reduce, prevent and/or minimize water and other liquid flows are moved in the shell of device.

In one embodiment, height flowmeter sensor can be with gel-filled, and the gel allows sensor to undergo in gel Outside pressure change.Gel may act as relatively impermeable, incompressible and flexible barrier film, and it changes external pressure It is transmitted into altimeter while is physically separated altimeter (and other intrawares) and external environment condition.Use gel-filled altimeter The environmental protection of higher level can be provided to device in the case where sealing ventilating opening using or without using environment.Device can be solidifying Glue packed height meter is in be had compared with high viability including but not limited in the case of in the position of following position (survivability rate)：Position, washing machine, dish-washing machine, dryer, vaporium or sauna chamber, leaching with high humility Bath, pond, bathtub and device are likely to be exposed at moisture, exposed to liquid or any position being immersed in liquid.

Sensor integration/signal transacting

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can be used from two or more sensors Data come be calculated as follows seen in table corresponding physiology or environmental data (for example, it is combined using from two or two with The data of upper sensor determine the measurement of measurement being for example listed herein below).Biometric monitoring arrangement can be including but not limited to Number, type or the combination of sensor as specified below.In addition, this little biometric monitoring arrangement can combine from respective sensor The included data of export, but it is not limited to combine the number or type of the data calculated from respective sensor.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can also include near-field communication (NFC) receiver/transmitter to examine Measure the proximity of another device such as mobile phone.When make biometric monitoring arrangement close to second device or reach with During the detectable degree of approach of second device, its can trigger start in second device it is new functionalized (for example, start mobile phone on " application program " and make the physiological data radio synchronization from described device to second device).(see for example, Figure 10).It is real On border, biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention can implement U.S. provisional patent application cases 61/ filed in 5 days March in 2012 606,559 (" near field communication system and its operating method (Near Field Communication System, and Method Of Operating Same) ", inventor：James Parker (James Park), its content is for this this purpose to quote Mode is incorporated herein) described in and/or explanation circuit and any one of technology.

Figure 10 illustrate thereon with bicycle application program portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example, it is described voluntarily Car application program can show the step of bicycle speed and/or pedal and other measurements.Whenever biometric monitoring arrangement When being marked close to passive or active NFC, the application program can be started.This NFC marks the handlebar that could attach to user.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include position sensor (for example, GPS circuitry) and heartbeat ripple Shape sensor (for example, photoelectricity volume diagram circuit) to produce GPS or location dependent data and heart rate related data respectively.(see example Such as, Figure 12 B and 12C).Biometric monitoring arrangement, which can then be merged, handles and/or combined, comes from the two sensor/circuits Data come with for example according to physiological data (for example, heart rate, anxiety, activity level, amount of sleep and/or calorie are taken in) it is true Fixed, related and/or " mapping " geographic region.In this way, biometric monitoring arrangement is recognizable increases or reduces measurable user The geographic region of measurement (being taken in including but not limited to heart rate, anxiety, activity level, amount of sleep and/or calorie).

Additionally or alternatively, GPS related datas and photoelectricity volume can be used in some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement Figure related data (it is worth noting that, each of which person is regarded as data flow) come according to activity level (for example, such as passing through Acceleration, speed, position and/or the travel distance (such as measured by GPS and/or determined from GPS related datas) of user is come really It is fixed) determine the heart rate of user or make it related.(see for example, Figure 12 B and 12C).Herein, in one embodiment, it can be directed to and use The heart rate that family " plotting " becomes with speed, or the data can be analyzed to varying level, including but not limited to sleep, tranquillization, long Seat, moderately active, activity, and high activity.

In fact, some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can also make GPS related datas and predetermined geographic locality (tool Have the activity associated there for one group of predetermined condition) database it is related.For example, activity determines and corresponded to physiology Classification (for example, heart rate classification), which can include, makes the GPS coordinates of user (correspond to exercise device, health club and/or gymnasium Position) it is related to physiological data.In these cases, it can automatically measure and be shown in the use during such as gymnasium body-building Family heart rate.It is worth noting that, many physiological classifications can be based on GPS related datas, comprising position, acceleration, height above sea level, away from From and/or speed.Such database includes geodata, and compileable, physiology data and/or stores it in biometer Measure on monitoring arrangement and/or external computing device.In fact, in one embodiment, the user creatable positional number of its own According to storehouse or addition or location revision database with its activity of preferably classifying.

In another embodiment, user, which can wear multiple biometric monitoring arrangements simultaneously, (has feature as described herein Any one of).Wired or wireless circuit can be used to communicate with one another or filled with long-range for the biometric monitoring arrangement of this embodiment Communication is put, to calculate the biometric or physiology quality or amount that are for example otherwise likely difficult to calculate or calculate inaccuracy, Such as pulsation conduction time.The use of multiple sensors, which can also improve the degree of accuracy of biometric measurement and/or accuracy, makes it The degree of accuracy and/or accuracy better than single sensor.For example, on waist, wrist and ankle have biometric with Track device can improve the detection taken a step to user (than the situation of the single assembly only in one of those positions).Can be with Distributed or centralized approach performs signal transacting in biometric tracks of device and had with situation about providing than single assembly Improvedd measurement.It can also remotely perform this signal transacting and pass on after the treatment and return to biometric tracks of device.

In another embodiment, it can make heart rate or other biometric datas are related to the food daily record of user (user takes the photograph Food, its nutritional contents and its partial daily record taken).Food journal entries can automatically key in food daily record or can be by user Itself via with biometric monitoring arrangement (or the auxiliary or remote-control device to be communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement, such as intelligently Phone, or with some other devices that biometric monitoring arrangement communicates, such as server) interaction and key in.On user The information for the biometric reaction that body inputs to one or more foods can be presented to user.For example, if user drinks coffee Coffee, then its heart rate may thus rise due to coffee.In another example, if user feeds the larger portion of food at dead of night Point, then it may take longer for fall asleep than usual.Food in biometric inputs any group with corresponding result Conjunction is incorporated into such reponse system.

Food intake data and biometric data merge some embodiments that also may be such that biometric monitoring arrangement The glucose level of user can be estimated.This may be particularly useful for the user with diabetes.By being related to Portugal The activity (such as walking, running, caloric burn) of grape sugar level and user and the algorithm of nutrition intake, biometric monitoring dress Putting can suggest when it may have abnormal blood sugar level to user.

Handle task delegation

The embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement can include one or more processors.For example, stand-alone utility Processor can be used to store and perform using (processing passes from physiology, environment and/or activity by one or more sensor processors The processor of the data of sensor) obtain and processing sensing data application program.The feelings of multiple sensors wherein be present Under condition, it is also possible to multiple sensor processors be present.Application processor, which can also have, is directly connected to its sensor.Pass Sensor can be used as independent discrete chip to exist or be present in identical encapsulated chip (multi-core) with application processor.Dress Single application processor can be had by putting, or application processor and sensor processor, or the processing of multiple application programs Device and sensor processor.

In one embodiment, sensor processor can be placed in the daughter board being made up of all simulated assemblies (daughterboard) on.This plate, which can have, is commonly found in some in the electronic device on main PCB, such as, but not limited to across Impedance amplifier, filter circuit, horizontal shift device, sampling and holding circuit and micro controller unit.Such configuration can allow son Card is connected to master via the non-analog connection using digital connect (in addition to any necessary electric power or grounding connection) PCB.Numeral connection can have a variety of advantages connected better than simulation daughter board to main PCB, reduce including but not limited to noise And the reduction of necessary cable number.Daughter board can be connected to mainboard via using flexible cable or one group of wire.

Multiple application programs are storable in application processor.Application program can by for the application program can Actuating code and data composition, but it is not limited to these.Data can be as the figure or other information group needed for performing the application program Into, and it can be that information exports as caused by application program.It can be all resident for both the executable code of application program and data It can be stored in application processor (or the memory being incorporated in), or for the data of application program from external memory storage And retrieval.External memory storage can be deposited including but not limited to the flash memory on nand flash memory, NOR flash memory, another processor, other solid-states Storage device, machinery or optical disc, RAM, etc..

Executable code for application program is also storable in external memory storage.Held when application processor receives During the request of row application program, the application processor can be retrieved from external memory executable code and/or data and Perform the executable code and/or data.The executable code can temporarily or permanently be stored in depositing for application processor On reservoir or storage device.This allows application program to answer next perform to ask and more quickly perform, because eliminating retrieval step Suddenly.When request performs application program, application processor can retrieve all executable codes or executable code of application program Part.In the latter case, only retrieve in the executable code part needed at that time.This allows to perform than application program processing The big application program of the memory or storage device of device.

Application processor can also have memory protection feature to prevent application program overriding, destruction, interrupt, blocking Or otherwise disturb other components of other application program, sensing system, application processor or system.

Application program can be via a variety of wired, wireless, optics or electric capacity mechanism (including but not limited to USB, Wi-Fi, indigo plant Tooth, bluetooth low energy, NFC, RFID, purple honeybee) it is loaded on application processor and/or any external memory.

Application program is also signed available electron encrypted signature.Application program can be performed limitation by application processor In with those people correctly to sign.

The system integration in biometric monitoring arrangement

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, in biometric monitoring arrangement or some sensors or electricity Subsystem can integrate or can share component or resource each other.For example, the Photoelectric Detection for optics heartbeat waveform sensor Device (such as No. 61/946,439 U.S. for applying available on 2 28th, 2014 and being previously incorporated herein by reference In the heart rate sensor discussed in state's temporary patent application case), it can also act as the Photoelectric Detection for determining ambient light level Device, such as can be used to correct influence of the ambient light to heartbeat waveform sensor reading.For example, if examined for such heart rate The light source for surveying device is turned off, then the light measured by the photoelectric detector may indicate that the amount of existing ambient light.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, such as optics heart rate can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement The vehicle-mounted optical sensor such as the component in monitor is configured or communicated.For example, optics heart rate sensor (or, If it does, ambient light sensor) photoelectric detector can also act as optical emitting channel (such as infrared communication) Receiver.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, hybrid antenna can be included, its combined radio frequency antenna (such as Bluetooth antenna or gps antenna) and inductive loop (such as available in near-field communication (NFC) mark or inductive charging system).Herein In a little embodiments, the feature of two different systems may be provided in an integrated system, so as to save encapsulation volume.Herein In class hybrid antenna, inductive loop can be placed to the radiator close proximity to inverted-F antenna.The inductive loop can be inductively Coupled with radiator, be used for radio frequency purpose so as to allow the inductive loop to serve as the flat elements of antenna, thus formed for example flat Smooth inverted-F antenna.Meanwhile inductive loop can also serve its normal function, for example, via with the electromagnetic field as caused by NFC reader Inductive and provide electric current to NFC chip.The example of this little hybrid antenna system was discussed in more detail in March, 2014 In 61/948th, No. 470 U.S. provisional patent application cases filed in 5 days, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously " to phase The cross reference of pass application case " is incorporated herein by reference and again hereby at hybrid antenna structure in part The content pointed out and be herein incorporated by reference.Certainly, this little hybrid antenna can also be used to be different from biometric monitoring arrangement Other electronic installations in, and such non-biometric monitoring arrangement use of hybrid antenna is covered within the scope of the invention.

The method of wearable device

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can include shell, and its size and shape promote to monitor biometric Device is being fixed to the body of user during normal operation, wherein described device when being coupled to user immeasurably or substantially Ground influences the activity of user.The biometric monitoring arrangement may depend on the specific biography being integrated into biometric monitoring arrangement Sensor encapsulates and user wears the data of desired acquisition by different way.

User can be by using belt (its for flexible and be thus easily fitted to user) and by the biometer of the present invention Some embodiments of amount monitoring arrangement are worn on its wrist or ankle (or arm or leg).The belt can have adjustable full circle Week, therefore allow it to be fitted to user.The material construction that the belt shrinks when can be by exposed to heat forms, therefore allows user Establish the adaptation of customization.The belt can be dismantled from " electronic device " part of biometric monitoring arrangement and if necessary can be more Change.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be made up of two primary clusterings：Main body (contains " electronics device Part ") and belt (promotion attaches a device to user).The main body can include shell (such as by plastics or plastic-like material system Into) and from main body protrude extension protuberance (such as being made up of metal or metal-like material).(see for example, Fig. 2 C to 3C).Institute Stating belt (such as being made up of thermoplasticity amido formate) can for example mechanically or adherent fashion is attached to body.The band Son can extend a part from the circumference of user's wrist.The distal end of amido formate belt can be with Velcro or shackle elastic fabric Belt (encompasses D-ring and is then attached and return to itself) connection on side.In this embodiment, closing means can allow to use Family ad infinitum carries out belt length adjustment (be different from index hole and mechanical snap is closed).Velcro or elastic fabric can allow It is replaced (if for example, it is worn or otherwise undesirably worn before the useful end of life of device Wear) mode be attached to belt.In one embodiment, Velcro or fabric can pass through screw or rivet and/or glue, bonding Agent and/or buckle are attached to belt.

The present invention biometric monitoring arrangement embodiment can also be integrated into and be worn on necklace, pectoral girdle, brassiere, adhesion In property sticking patch, glass, earing or toestraps of yacht (toe band).This little biometric monitoring arrangement can be built-in as follows：Pass The part of sensor encapsulation/biometric monitoring arrangement is removable and can be including but not limited to those listed above mode Any number of mode wear.

In another embodiment, the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention can clip to dress through wearing Or it is stored in clothes (for example, pocket) or ornament (for example, handbag, knapsack, wallet).Because this little biometric monitoring Device, so in the embodiment comprising heart rate measurement, manually can be put device by user not close to the skin of user In AD HOC (for example, by press button, with finger tip cover capacitive touch sensor, etc., may have be embedded in by Heartbeat waveform sensor in button/sensor) and in discrete, " on demand " context or automatically (once user is by device It is placed on skin (for example, finger is applied to optics heartbeat waveform sensor)) measured.

With the user interface of device

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, which can include, to be used to allow locally or remotely interacting with device The feature of one or more methods.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can pass on data via digital display with visual manner.This Any one or more Display Techniques can be used in the physical embodiments of display, including but not limited to one or more in the following Person：LED, LCD, AMOLED, electric ink, clear Display Technique, graphic alphanumeric display, and other Display Techniques, such as TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, TFT, IPS and OLET.This display can be illustrated on device locally obtain or storage data or can show from The data that other devices or Internet service remotely obtain.Sensor can be used (for example, ambient light passes in biometric monitoring arrangement Sensor " ALS ") control or adjust the amount of screen backlight (if using backlight).For example, in poorly lit situation, display Device adjustable dark is to save battery life, and in bright lighting context, display brightness can increase with cause its be easier by User reads.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used it is monochromatic or it is multi-colored led come instruction device state.It is raw The state of LED instructions can be used to pass including but not limited to the biometric state such as heart rate or for example for thing metering monitoring arrangement Enter message or reach the Application Status of target etc..These states can be opened or closed by LED color, LED (or in centre Intensity), LED pulse (and/or its speed) and/or luminous intensity pattern from being completely turned off maximum brightness indicate.One In individual embodiment, stages of LED available subscribers hearts rate and frequency modulate its intensity and/or color.

In certain embodiments, using electronic ink display display can be allowed to remain up and without nonreflective display The battery drain of device.This " normally opened " feature can (wherein user can simply sweep biometric in such as wrist-watch application program Monitoring arrangement is to see the time) in the case of pleasant Consumer's Experience is provided.Electronic ink display display content all the time Battery life without damaging device, so as to allow user to see the time (as it on conventional wristwatch).

The light such as LED can be used to show that the heart rate of user (passes through in some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement Modulate the amplitude of the light sent with the frequency of user's heart rate).Described device can via LED color (for example, green, red) or The a succession of LED (for example, progress bar) lighted according to the change of heart rate come describe heart rate area (for example, aerobic, anaerobism, Deng).Biometric monitoring arrangement can be integrated or be incorporated into another device or the structure of such as glass or goggles, or and glass Or goggles communication with by this presentation of information to user.

Information can be also communicated to user by some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement via the physical motion of device.Thing One such embodiment of the method for reason ground mobile device is to induce motor using vibration.Device can individually or jointly it is multiple its Its exercise induced technology uses the method.

In some embodiments, information can be communicated to user by biometric monitoring arrangement via audible feedback.Citing For, the loudspeaker in biometric monitoring arrangement can pass on letter via using audio tones, voice, song or other sound Breath.

In the various embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, these three information communicating methods (vision, motion and the sense of hearing ) can be individually or with each other or passing on any combinations of another method for conveying of any one or more following information to make With：

User needs to wake up in special time

User should wake up when a certain sleep stage at which

User should sometime fall asleep

User should delimit in a certain sleep stage and in the earliest and latest time intended to wake up by user at which Preselected time window in when wake up.

Receive Email

User is inactive up to the sometime cycle.It is worth noting that, this can with such as calendar of conference or sleep with The other application program of track application program is integrated to plan, simplify or adjust the behavior of inactive prompting.

Activity reaches the sometime cycle to user

User has appointment or calendar event

User has reached a certain activity metric

User has walked about a certain distance

User has reached a certain mileage

User has reached a certain speed

User has been accumulated up to a certain height above sea level

User has walked a certain step number

User has carried out heart rate measurement recently

User's heart rate has reached certain level

It is particular value or normal, the movable or resting heart rate in particular range that user, which has,

The heart rate of user has been enter into or exited a certain target zone or training center

User has new heart rate " area " target to be reached, in said case for for run, cycle, swim etc. it is living The heart rate area of dynamic training

User has swum an one way or one way that a certain number is completed in pond

External device (ED) has any for needing to be communicated in the information of user, such as incoming call or more prompting Person

User has reached a certain tired target or the limit.In one embodiment, can via heart rate, skin electroresponse, The combination of motion sensor and/or breath data determines fatigue

There is provided these examples and be can be by this little embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement in order to illustrate and be not intended to limitation Pass on the scope of the information of (for example, giving user).Pay attention to, to determine whether to meet that the data of alert condition can be from first device And/or one or more servicing units obtain.Biometric monitoring arrangement itself can be determined whether to have met the criterion for prompting Or condition.Or the computing device (for example, server and/or mobile phone) to be communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement can determine that When should remind.In view of of the invention, those skilled in the art is contemplated that biometric monitoring arrangement can be communicated to use The other information at family.For example, when having met target, biometric monitoring arrangement can communicate with user.Meet this target Criterion can be based on the environmental sensor on physiology, context and first device and/or its from one or more servicing units Its sensing data.It can be set by the user or can lead to by biometric monitoring arrangement itself and/or with biometric monitoring arrangement Another computing device (for example, server) sets target of letter.In an example embodiment, when meeting biometric target, Biometric monitoring arrangement can vibrate.

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can be equipped with wireless and/or wire communication circuit with reality When on servicing unit display data.For example, this little biometric monitoring arrangement can via bluetooth low energy with Mobile phone communications are to give the user heart rate, changes in heart rate and/or the Real-time Feedback of anxiety.This little biometric monitoring dress " moment " that user is breathed with the ad hoc fashion (such as by carrying out deep and slow respiration) of keeping tensions down can be trained or permit by putting. Anxiety can be quantified or come via heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin temperature, motor activity data and/or the change of skin electroresponse Assessed.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can connect via one or more Local or Remote input methods from user Receive input.A sensor or one group of sensor can be used to turn the movement of user for one such a embodiment of local user's input Translate the order of twin installation.This little motion can include but can be not limited to touch by, rotate wrist, bend one or more muscle, and pendulum Arm.Another user's input method can be via using button, such as, but not limited to capacitive touch button, capacitive screen button And mechanical button.In one embodiment, user interface buttons can be made of metal.Screen is examined using capacitance touch wherein In the embodiment of survey, it can all the time sample and be ready to respond without intervention event to any posture or input, such as Promote physical button.This little biometric monitoring arrangement can also be inputted via using voice command.All these input sides Method can connect and this little biometric being locally integrated into biometric monitoring arrangement or being integrated into via wired or wireless In the remote-control device of monitoring arrangement communication.In addition, user is also possible to that biometric monitoring arrangement can be manipulated via remote-control device. In one embodiment, this remote-control device can have Internet Connectivity.

Alarm

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention may act as wrist installing type vibration alarm to pacify Geostationary user is waken up from sleep.This little biometric monitoring arrangement can be via heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, fortune Innervation surveys one of (for example, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer) and skin temperature or combination and tracks the sleep matter of user Amount, wake-up period, sleep delay, Sleep efficiency, sleep stage (for example, deep sleep and REM), and/or other sleep degrees of correlation Amount.User may specify required time of fire alarming or time window (for example, setting alarm sounds at 7 points in the morning and 8 a.m.).This is a little One or more of sleep measurement can be used to determine the Best Times in window annunciator to wake up user for embodiment.In an implementation In example, when vibration alarm activity, user can by device, (it be for example via the motion-sensing in device by flopping or touching Device, pressure/force sensor and/or capacitive touch sensor and detect) and cause its retire or turn off.In one embodiment In, device can start small vibration to attempt sleeping by the time at specific user's sleep stage or before alarm settings The best time in cycle wakes user.It can gradually increase vibration with user towards awakening or towards alarm settings progress Intensity or explicitly.(see for example, Fig. 8).

Fig. 8 illustrated examples portable biometric measures the feature of monitoring arrangement intelligent alarm feature.Biometric monitoring dress Putting the sleep stage that can detect detectable user or state, (device of (for example, shallow or deep sleep) can be with described device Communication.User can set it by the time window for wishing to wake up (for example, the morning 6：15 to the morning 6：45).Intelligent alarm can be by user Enter sleeping state during window annunciator and trigger.

The alarm vibration mode that biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured to allow user to select or create its selection.User " it be able to can doze off " or delayed alarm event.In one embodiment, user can set the delay for " dozing off " feature Amount：The delay is to alarm the time quantum before sounding again.It, which is also possible to set every alarm cycle and can activated, beats The number of doze feature.For example, doze off delay and the continuous number of dozing off of maximum for 3 of 5 minutes may be selected in user.Therefore, Its pressable doze off 3 times with when pressing is dozed off with delayed alarm every time for it by presignal delay 5 minutes.In this little embodiment, Dozed off the 4th time if user attempts pressing, function of dozing off will not turn off alarm.

Some biometric monitoring arrangements can have on the calendar of user and/or the information of scheduling.The calendar letter of user Breath, which can directly key in biometric monitoring arrangement or its, to be downloaded from different device (such as smart phone).This information can be used to certainly Alarm or alarm characteristic are set dynamicly.For example, if user will have a meeting for 9 points in the morning, then biometric monitoring arrangement Can be automatically in the morning 7：30 wake up users to allow user to have enough time to prepare and/or reach meeting.Biometric monitors Device can the current location based on user, meeting position and from the current location of user reach the position of meeting by spend when The area of a room determines the time quantum needed for user's preliminary conference.Or it can be used and reach conference location on user and/or prepare Hair goes to time that meeting spent the history number of (for example, it such as wakes up, had a shower, having breakfast at time spent in the morning) According to come determine when wake up user.Similar functionality can be used for the calendar event different from meeting, such as when eating time, sleep Between, nap time and exercise time.

In certain embodiments, the information for wanting when to fall asleep on user can be used to determine for biometric monitoring arrangement When alarm should sound to wake up user.This information can supplement calendar information as described herein.User can have it every night or The target of desired hourage of substantially sleeping weekly.Biometric monitoring arrangement can by morning alarm settings in appropriate time with User is set to meet these sleep targets.In addition to user is in length of one's sleep amount desired every night, user can also set other Sleep target can including but not limited to user in sleep deep sleep, REM sleep and the hypohyphnotic amount that undergo, it is all these can By biometric monitoring arrangement determining when set alarm in the morning.In addition, can night prompting user its when should on Bed is slept to meet its target of sleeping.In addition, it can remind user when it should take a nap to meet its target of sleeping in the daytime.Remind Its time that should take a nap of user can be by optimizing the factor of sleep quality of the user during nap, follow-up nap or nighttime sleep To determine.For example, if user takes a nap in the morning, then user may have the rigid time fallen asleep at night.May be used also It is recommended that user eats some foods or beverage or avoids some foods or beverage from optimizing its sleep quality.For example, may not User is encouraged to be drunk when close to its bedtime, because alcohol may reduce its sleep quality.It can also suggest that user performs certain A little activities avoid some activities from optimizing its sleep quality.For example, user may be encouraged to be performed physical exercise in the afternoon to change It is apt to its sleep quality.User may not be encouraged to perform physical exercise or see TV when close to its bedtime to improve its matter of sleeping Amount.

With the user interface of servicing unit

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can by data and/or order be transmitted into auxiliary electronic device and/ Or receive data and/or order from auxiliary electronic device.Auxiliary electronic device can directly or indirectly be monitored with biometric and filled Put communication.Direct communication in this article refers to data and launched between first device and servicing unit without any middle dress Put.For example, two devices can communicate with one another via wireless connection (such as bluetooth) or wired connection (such as USB).Indirectly Communication refers to that (it relays the number to data by means of 3rd device among one or more between first device and servicing unit According to) transmitting.3rd device can be including but not limited to wireless repeater (for example, WiFi transponders), computing device, such as intelligently Phone, laptop computer, desktop or tablet PC, mobile phone tower, the electronic device of computer server and other networkings. For example, biometric device can transmit data to smart phone, and the smart phone connects via cellular network data Connect the server forwarded said data to via Internet connection to the cellular network.

In certain embodiments, the servicing unit for acting as the user interface of biometric monitoring arrangement can be by smart phone Composition.Application program on smart phone can promote and/or so that smart phone potentially acts as biometric monitoring arrangement User interface.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be in real time or in the case of with some delays by biometric and other data It is sent to smart phone.Smart phone can be sent to life in real time or in the case of with some delays by one or more orders Thing measures monitoring arrangement for example to indicate that biometric and other data are sent to smart phone by it.For example, if with Family enters the pattern that tracking is run in the application, then smart phone can send commands to biometric device to indicate It sends data in real time.Therefore, user can lingeringly track its running without any when it advances in its application program.

Such smart phone can have one or more application programs to enable a user to examine from its biometric device Depending on data.The application program can acquiescently be opened to " instrument board " page when user starts or opens the application program. On this page, such as total step number can be shown, climb number of floor levels, traveling mileage, the calory count of burning, the calorie of consumption The summary of the data amount such as number and the water of consumption.Also it can show that other coherence messages, such as application program monitor from biometric Device receive data final time, on previous night sleep measurement (for example, when user falls asleep, wakes up and its sleeps Time), and user how many calorie can be fed on the day of with maintain its calorie of target (for example, realize fat-reducing calorie it is red Word target).User be able to can select which of these and other measurement being illustrated on Dashboard screen.User can be These and other measurement a few days ago is seen on instrument board.It is able to can be accessed by pressing button on touch-screen or icon A few days ago.Or such as the posture such as stir to the left or to the right and may be such that user being capable of the current and prior measurement of guide to visitors.

Smart phone application program can also have another page for the summary for providing User Activity.Activity can include but unlimited In walking, running, cycling, cook, be seated, work, swim, go on business, weight lifting, on and off duty and Yoga.It is concerned with these activities Measurement can be presented on this page.For example, bar chart can show the step number (example that different piece of the user on the day of is walked Such as, how many step walked within every 5 minutes or every 1 hour).In another example, it can show what user spent on a certain activity is performed Time quantum and how many calorie that burnt in this time cycle.Similar to the instrument board page, application program can provide guide to visitors work( Can property with allow user check days past these and other measurement.Also such as hour, minute, week, the moon can be selected by user Or cycle other time such as year allows it to inspect the tendency and measurement that its is movable in shorter or larger time span.

The interface that smart phone application program can also have that user has been eaten or has been logged by the food eaten.This connects Mouth can have keyword search feature wishes to key in the food in its daily record to allow user to rapidly find out it.As search food Alternative solution or in addition, user can find out the food to be logged by by guide to visitors menu or a series of menus Thing.For example, following serial classification may be selected in user：Breakfast/cereal/health/oatmeal wishes to be logged by reach it Food (for example, oatmeal of apple taste).At any one of these menus place, user can be able to carry out keyword and search Rope.For example, user can search for " oatmeal " to be searched in the classification of breakfast food after classification " breakfast " has been selected Keyword " oatmeal ".After having selected it to wish the food that is logged by, user be able to can change or to key in component big Small and nutrient content.After at least one food is logged by, application program can sometime cycle (for example, day) Show the summary of food being logged by and the food nutrient content (indivedual and whole calorie contents, vitamin content, Sugared content, etc.).

Smart phone application program can also have measurement of the display on user's body (for example, the body weight of user, body fat Fat percentage, BMI, and waistline size) the page.It can show one or more of these measurements of displaying sometime all One or more curves of trend in phase (for example, two weeks).When user can select the value of this time period and inspect previous Between the cycle (for example, last month).

Smart phone application program, which can also have, allows user to key in the page that user has consumed how much water.Whenever user drinks During with some water, it can key in the amount by the unit (for example, ounce, cup, etc.) of its selection.Application program can show that user exists The total amount for all water being sometime logged by the cycle (for example, one day).Application program can allow user to check previously The water bar mesh that is logged by and a few days ago and the same day daily amount.

Smart phone application program can also have the page of the online friend of display user.This " friend " page may be such that use New friend (for example, by searching for its name or by its e-mail address) can be added or be asked in family.This page can also show Show the ranking list (leaderboard) of user and its friend.User and its friend can be based on one or more measurements and carry out ranking.Lift For example, the total step number of seven days in the past can be used to carry out ranking for user and its friend.

Smart phone application program can also have page of the displaying on the measurement of the sleep at user's eve and/or former nights Face.This page can further enable the user to when sleep by specifying it when to go to bed and its when wake up It is logged by.User may also be able on its sleep subjective measure (for example, bad night's rest, good night's rest, Fabulous night's rest, etc.).User can inspect over these measurements of today or time cycle (for example, two weeks).Citing For, the sleep page can give tacit consent to the bar chart that displaying user measures in the length of one's sleep at each night of nearest two weeks.User is also possible to Enough inspect the bar chart that user measures in the length of one's sleep at each night in nearest January.

User may also be able to access the complete energy of smart phone application program as described herein via replacement or additional interface Power (for example, food daily record can be keyed in, inspect instrument board, etc.).In one embodiment, this alternative interfaces can be by group of web Into the webpage is by the trust server with biometric monitoring arrangement indirect communication.The webpage can be via any internet Attachment means are accessed using the program such as web browser.

Wireless connectivity and data transmitting

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can be included to be sent out from internet and/or other devices Penetrate and the radio communication component of receive information.Radio communication can be by such as bluetooth, ANT, WLAN, power line networking and cell phone network Formed Deng one or more interfaces.These are provided as example, and should not be construed as excluding other existing wireless communications methods or agreement Or the wireless communication technology or agreement not yet invented.

Wireless connection can be two-way.Its data can be launched, passed on and/or be pushed to other by biometric monitoring arrangement Device, such as smart phone, computer, are waited and/or internet, such as the webserver etc..Biometric monitoring arrangement may be used also (pull) data are received, ask and/or pull from other devices and/or internet.

Biometric monitoring arrangement may act as that the communication for other devices is provided each other or provided to arrive internet Repeater.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be connected to internet via WLAN and equipped with ANT radio.ANT Device can be communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement so that its data is transmitted into internet via the WLAN of biometric monitoring arrangement (and vice versa).As another example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be equipped with bluetooth.If the intelligence with Bluetooth function Phone enters in the range of biometric monitoring arrangement, then biometric monitoring arrangement can be via the cell phone network of smart phone Transmit data to internet or receive data from internet.Data from another device can also be transmitted into biometric monitoring Device simultaneously stores (or vice versa as the same) or launched in the time later.

The present invention biometric monitoring arrangement embodiment can also include be used for transmit as a stream or launch Web content with For the feature shown on biometric monitoring arrangement.It is the representative instance of this content below：

1. the heart rate and/or the history curve of other data that store by measurement device but remotely

2. by other measurement devices and/or the user of long-range storage (for example, for example in such as fitbit.com website) Activity and/or the history curve of consumed food and/or dormant data

3. the history curve of the other users tracking data remotely stored.Example includes heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood Sugar level, cholesterol, the duration for seeing TV, the duration of playing video game, mood, etc..

4. one in heart rate, Current body mass, weight targets, food intake, activity, sleep and other data based on user Or training and/or the data of going on a diet of more persons.

5. it is in progress towards the user of heart rate, body weight, activity, sleep and/or other targets.

6. the summary statistics of aforementioned data, figure, badge and/or measurement (for example, " grade ") are described

7. between the aforementioned data of user and the similar data with similar device and/or its " friend " of tracking Compare

8. social content, such as push away special (Twitter) feeding, instant message and/or facebook (Facebook) renewal

9. other online contents, for example, it is newspaper article, constellation, weather report, RSS feedings, comic strip (comic), vertical Horizontal mosaic mystery, classified advertisement, stock report, and website

10. email message and calendar plan table

Biometric monitoring arrangement can be delivered the content to according to different contexts.For example, in the morning, can together with The dormant data in family eve shows news and weather report.At night, the daily general introduction of day's activities can be shown.

The various embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement as herein disclosed can also include and can be used to originate other devices In functional NFC, RFID or other short-distance wireless communication circuit.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be equipped with NFC antenna so that proper user make its with mobile phone close to when, application program automatically opens on the mobile phone It is dynamic.

The scope that these examples are used to illustrating and being not intended to the data that limitation can be launched by device, received or be shown is provided Or any intermediate treatment occurred during can transmitting and show herein.In view of the present invention/application program, the technology people of art Member is it is contemplated that many other examples of streamable or the data via the transmission of biometric monitoring arrangement.

Charging and data transmitting

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement wired connection can be used for internal rechargeable batteries charging and/ Or transfer data to the host apparatus such as laptop computer or mobile phone.The reality more early discussed in similar to the present invention In the one embodiment for applying example, magnet can be used to help user to be directed at biometric monitoring arrangement in biometric monitoring arrangement To base or cable.Magnet in magnetic field and device itself of the magnet in base or cable can be oriented strategically to force Biometric monitoring arrangement and base or cable (or more particularly, the connector on cable) autoregistration, and provide biology Metering monitoring arrangement keeps in the base or remained to the power of cable.Magnet also acts as launches purpose for charging or data Conductive junction point.In another embodiment, permanent magnet can be only used for base or cable side rather than biometric monitoring arrangement certainly Body.This can improve the performance of biometric monitoring arrangement in the case where biometric monitoring arrangement uses magnetometer.If Magnet be present in biometric monitoring arrangement, then the high-intensity magnetic field of neighbouring permanent magnet may significantly to be more difficult to make magnetometer accurate The really magnetic field of the measurement earth.In this little embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can replace magnet, and bottom using divalence iron material Magnet on seat or cable side could attach to divalence iron material.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can contain one or more in biometric monitoring arrangement main body Electromagnet.Charger or base for charging and data are launched can also contain electromagnet and/or permanent magnet.Biometric monitors Device only can just connect its electromagnet when it is close to charger or base.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be by using magnetic force Meter searches the magnetic field signature of charger or the permanent magnet in base and detects the degree of approach with base or charger.Or biology Measure monitoring arrangement can by measure the wireless signal from charger or base received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or In some embodiments connecing for charger is detected by recognizing the NFC associated with the charger or base or RFID marker Recency.When device need not charge, it is synchronous or but its completed synchronous or charging when, electromagnet can be overturned, so as to produce from filling Cable or base repel the power of described device.In certain embodiments, charger or base can include electromagnet, and can through with (for example, the processor in charger or base can be configured via programmed instruction) is put with connection biometric monitoring arrangement Electromagnet is connected during for charging, and (electromagnet, which can generally remain, to be connected with so that the biometric being placed on charger monitors dress Putting to be attracted because of electromagnet against charger, or electromagnet can keep turning off until charger determines to have monitored biometric Device is placed on charger, such as is marked etc. via completing charging circuit, pick out NFC in biometric monitoring arrangement, And it is next turned on to attract biometric monitoring arrangement against charger.Charging complete (or data transmission complete, if charging Device is actually data transmission bracket or charger/data transmission bracket of combination) after, electromagnet can be turned off at once (temporarily Property or biometric monitoring arrangement is placed on charger until detecting again), and biometric monitoring arrangement can stop Only it is attracted against charger.In this little embodiment, it may be necessary to orient between biometric monitoring arrangement and charger Interface so that in the case of in the absence of the magnetic force as caused by electromagnet, biometric monitoring arrangement will be dropped from charger or Otherwise visibly different position is displaced to (visually to indicate to the user that charging or data have transmitted from charge position Into).

Sensor in data transmission uses

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can include can be with different pieces of information emission rate and difference The communication interface switched between two or more agreements of power consumption rate.This switching can be filled by being monitored from biometric The data-driven that the various sensors put obtain.For example, if using bluetooth, then communication interface may be in response to based on next Bluetooth basic rate/enhancing data rate is being used from the determination that the data of the sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement are made (BR/EDR) switch between bluetooth low energy (BLE) agreement.For example, when the acceleration in biometric monitoring arrangement The sensing data instruction wearer of degree meter it is sleeping or otherwise sitting when, lower-wattage, slower BLE associations can be used View.By contrast, when the sensing data instruction wearer of the accelerometer in biometric monitoring arrangement is just sashaying When dynamic, higher-wattage, faster BR/EDR agreements can be used.This self-adapting data lift-off technology and feature are discussed further in In 61/948th, No. 468 U.S. provisional patent application cases filed in 5 days March in 2014, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are first It is preceding to be incorporated herein by reference in " to the cross reference of related application " part and again hereby in biology Measure the content pointed out at the self-adapting data transfer rate in monitoring arrangement and be herein incorporated by reference.

This little communication interface can also act as a form of sensor for biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, Wireless communication interface can allow the number and class of device of the biometric monitoring arrangement determination in the range of wireless communication interface Type.This data can be used to determine biometric monitoring arrangement whether in specific context, for example, indoors, in the car, Deng, and change its behavior in a variety of ways in response to this determination.For example, such as the 61/948th, No. 468 US provisional patent Discussed in application case (being above herein incorporated by reference), this little context can be used to driving for the specific of radio communication The selection of wireless communication protocol.

Configurable function of application

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention can include wrist-watch sample form factor and/or bracelet, Arm is adornd or ankletbangle form factor, and is programmed with providing particular functionality and/or shows " application program " of customizing messages.It can lead to Various ways are crossed (including but not limited to pressing button, the appearance detected using capacitive touch sensor, execution by accelerometer Gesture, it is moved to ad-hoc location by GPS or motion sensor senses or region, compression biological metering monitoring arrangement main body (thus The pressure signal that can be detected by the altimeter inside biometric monitoring arrangement is produced inside device), or biometric is supervised View apparatus is located relatively close to associated with an application program or one group of application program NFC marks) start or close application Program.Can also be by some environment or physiological condition (including but not limited to detecting high heart rate, detected using humidity sensor Water (for example to start swimming application program), some time of day at night (for example to start sleep tracking application program, plane The change of the pressure and kinetic characteristic leaving or land is to start and close " aircraft " pattern application program) opened automatically to trigger Dynamic or closing application program.Can also be by meeting multiple conditions simultaneously to start or close application program.For example, if plus Speedometer detects that user is just running and user presses button, then biometric monitoring arrangement can start pedometer application journey Sequence, altimeter data collect application program and/or display.Wherein accelerometer detect swimming and user pressing it is identical by In the other case of button, it can start swimming one way and count application program.

In certain embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can have can swim application program to start by starting Swimming tracing mode.In this mode, the motion sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement and/or magnetometer can be used to detection swimming Appearance, classification stroke type, detection swimming one way, and other calculations of correlation, for example, stroke efficiency, the one-way time, speed, distance and Caloric burn.Change to can be used to detect a variety of one way by the direction of magnetometer instruction and turn round method.In a preferred embodiment, come The data of autokinesis sensor and/or pressure sensor can be used to detect stroke.

In another embodiment, can be by the way that mobile must approach of biometric monitoring arrangement be located on bicycle, positioned at certainly On the bearing of driving or in the position associated with bicycle (including but not limited to cycle frame or bicycle storing facility) In NFC or RFID marker and start cycling application program.(see for example, Figure 10).The application program that is started can be used with it is logical Commonly use to determine including but not limited to the different calculation of the algorithm of the measurement of the calorie of burning, travel distance and the height above sea level of acquisition Method.Can also it detect wireless bicycle sensor (including but not limited to wheel detector, GPS, step sensor, or power Meter) when start application program.Biometric monitoring arrangement then can show and/or record from wireless bicycle sensor or from The data of driving sensor.

Additional application controls including but not limited to programmable or customizable watch face, stopping viewing, music player Device (for example, Mp 3 player, remote control), text message and/or Email display or notifying device, navigation guide pin, voluntarily Car computer display (when communicated with independent or integrated form GPS device, wheel detector or during power meter), weight lifting tracker, Sit-ups tracker, chin-up tracker, resistance exercise form/body-building tracker, golf amplitude of oscillation analyzer, tennis (or other racket sports) amplitude of oscillation/service analyser, tennis game amplitude of oscillation detector, baseball amplitude of oscillation analyzer, analysis of delivering Device (for example, football, baseball), in a organized way physical activity intensity tracker (for example, football, baseball, basketball, tennis, rugby), Disk analyzer is thrown, food detector is stung, is typewriting analyzer, inclination sensor, sleep quality tracker, alarm clock, pressure gauge, tight Open/loosen biofeedback game (to use to train in relaxation training for example, potentially combining and providing the sense of hearing and/or visual cues Family breathing mobile phone), tracker of brushing teeth, feed rate tracker (for example, count or tracking utensil enter the mouth with carry out The speed of material object intake and duration), operating motor vehicles are drunk or adaptability indicator via heart rate, heart rate (for example, become Change, skin electroresponse, gait analysis, riddle, etc.), allergy tracker is (for example, using skin electroresponse, heart rate, skin temperature Degree, pollen sensing etc. (may combine the former tracking of the outside seasonal allergic from such as internet and may determine user couple The response of the anaphylactogen (for example, pollen) of particular form, and the presence of this little anaphylactogen of user is reminded, such as believe from seasonality Breath, in pollen track database, or biometric monitoring arrangement or the home environment sensor that is used by user), fever with Track device is (for example, risk, breaking-out or the progress of measurement fever, flu or Other diseases, may combine Seasonal Data, disease number The feedback provided according to storehouse, customer location and/or user assesses the diffusion of specified disease (for example, influenza) on user, and can Can as response and point out or suggests work or activity restraining), electronic game, caffeine influence tracker (for example, monitor example Such as heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, blood pressure, anxiety, sleep and/or to coffee, tea, energy drink And/or the activity in the short-term or long-term response of intake or the restraining of other beverages containing caffeine), drug influence tracker (for example, similar to previously mentioned caffeine tracker but on other interventions, whether it is medical treatment or lifestyle drug, Such as alcohol, tobacco etc.), endurance exercise training (for example, recommend or point out that intensity, duration or running/cycling/swimming are good for The overview of body, or suggest the restraining or delay of body-building, the target specified according to user, such as marathon, iron-man triathlon or utilization From such as history exercise activity (for example, run distance, stride), heart rate, changes in heart rate, health/disease/anxiety/fever shape The target of the data customization of state), body weight and/or body composition, blood glucose, food intake or calorie balance tracker (for example, to User notifies it to consume how many calorie to maintain or realize certain body weight), pedometer, and fingernail biting detector.In some feelings Under condition, application program can only rely upon the processing power and sensor of the present invention.In other cases, application program can merge or Only display comes from an external device (ED) or one group of external device (ED) (including but not limited to heart rate bandage, GPS range tracking elements, body group Into meter (body composition scale), blood pressure monitor, blood glucose monitor, wrist-watch, intelligent watch, such as smart phone Or the mobile communications device such as tablet PC, or server) information.

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can control the music player on servicing unit.It is controllable The aspect of music player is including but not limited to the selection of volume, song and/or playlist, F.F. or retreats (skipping Forward or backward), song fast forward or rewinding, the speed of song, and music player balanced device.Can be through Inputted by user or music player is automatically controlled based on physiology, environment or context data.For example, user can By selecting song to select and play the song on its smart phone via the user interface on biometric monitoring arrangement. In another example, the activity level that biometric monitoring arrangement can be based on user is (from biometric monitoring arrangement sensing data Calculate the activity level) automatically select appropriate song.This can be used to help and excites user to maintain a certain activity level.Citing For, if user persistently runs and wants its heart rate being maintained in a certain scope, then biometric monitoring arrangement can be broadcast Put cheerful and light-hearted or fair speed song (if the heart rate of user is less than its target zone).

Pass through the automatic function of the activity-triggered of user

Sleep stage Trigger Function

It can monitor that sleep stage, such as heart rate, heart rate become via various biometric signals disclosed herein and method Change, body temperature, body kinematics, ambient light intensity, ambient noise level etc..Optical sensor, motion sensor (acceleration can be used Meter, gyro sensor, etc.), microphone and thermometer and (such as) other sensors discussed herein are a little to measure this Biometric.

Biometric monitoring arrangement can also have communication module, including but not limited to Wi-Fi (802.xx), bluetooth (it is classical, Low-power) or NFC.Once estimate sleep stage, you can sleep stage is transmitted into and is wirelessly connected to that there is communication Cloud system, home server or the main control unit of the electrical equipment (by Wi-Fi, bluetooth or NFC) of function.Or biology Measuring monitoring arrangement can be with the electrical equipment direct communication with communication function.This little electrical equipment with communication function can wrap Containing such as kitchen electrical equipment, such as micro-wave oven, coffee grinder/maker, baking box etc..

Once the time that sleep stage instruction is waken up close to user, biometric monitoring arrangement can send triggering item and arrive User has indicated that the electrical equipment that should be automatically brought into operation.For example, coffee grinder and maker can be caused to start from coffee, And baking box can be made to begin to warm up bread.Micro-wave oven can be also caused to start to cook oatmeal or egg, and electric kettle starts to heat up water. As long as rightly preparing each several part, this automatic signal can trigger breakfast and cook.

Remind detection

Prompting (such as low prompting) can be made drowsy related to people, can also be from described in biometric detection listed above Remind, and the prompting can be used to triggering electrical equipment such as coffee maker and start automatically to infuse coffee.

Aquation

The activity level of user can be directly submitted to by portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement combining movement horizon tracker Cloud system, home server, main control unit or electrical equipment.This can trigger electrical equipment some action, especially with hydration Relevant action is acted on, such as starts the ice cube making of refrigerator, or reduces the operation temperature of water purifier.

Power is saved

Many electrical equipments are generally operated with consuming the low-power power idle of power.Use the biometric signal of user Aggregation information, can cause to have the electrical equipment of communication function to enter ultra low-power mode.For example, user it is sleeping or During outgoing work, the water dispenser in family, which itself can close, arrives ultra low-power mode, once and the activity of prospective users at home, just Can begin to cool down/heat water.

Restaurant recommendation system based on position and activity

The polymerization of real-time biological metering signal and positional information can be used to produce on one or more users to timing Between needs valid supposition (such as ion beverage).Combine the needs of this supposition and on User Activity level, activity The historical use data for the food intake data that type, activity time and active duration and user are logged by, intelligence Application program on phone and/or intelligent watch can recommend the restaurant that will meet the life style of user and be currently needed for.

For example, the user for just completing six miles of touring races can start this application program.Application program can be known this person High activity level was maintained within past one hour, and thus determines that the people may be dehydrated.From historical use data, application program May also be aware of has excessive vegetables but sugar is low in the meals of such as user.By consider the current location of user, Price Range and The optimized algorithm of other factorses referred to above, application program can recommend for example to provide the restaurant of Sorbet (smoothie).

Swimming tracking

In some embodiments of biometric tracks of device, biometric tracking can include swimming algorithm, and its is available From one or more motion sensors, altitude sensor (for example, barometric pressure sensor), orientation sensor (for example, magnetic Power meter), the data of location-based service sensor (for example, GPS, radio triangulation) and/or temperature sensor.The sensor can Insertion is installed in the single assembly of such as wrist.In other embodiments, additional sensors device could attach to swimmer's Forehead, the rear portion of head, goggles, the back of the body, hip, shoulder, thigh, leg and/or pin.

Three potential function components of swimming exercise analysis are as follows：

Stroke count detection --- the stroke per one way is provided and counted, wherein one way is defined as from the one end in pond to opposite The unidirectional of end passes through.

The stroke type of stroke classification of type --- description user is (for example, crawling, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly stroke, breathing arm, stepping on Water (kicking without stroke), (body streamline) directly is drawn, etc.), and can be any one of the following Or combination：

A. the classification for each stroke that user uses

B. the classification of the main stroke type of each complete single trip use.

C. the stroke that each fraction one way (such as freestyle swimming, breaststroke of half one way of half one way) uses The classification of type

One way counts --- the one way that user passes through counted.A method for determining one way is used by detecting When family is turned round in pond.

Turn round the 180 degree change for being defined as direction of advance.Detect turn round when, the beginning and end of deducibility one way. Some place (generally at one end or other places) before swimming is started again in pond suspends (without fortune within the sometime cycle It is dynamic) it is considered as turning round, as long as subsequent direction of advance is opposite with the direction of advance before pause.

In certain embodiments, these function components can be combined in a manner of numerous.

Algorithm structure

Swimming exercise analysis can be performed successively, parallel or to mix order (combinations of some sequential blocks and some parallel frames) Three function components.

Sequential grammar (see Figure 15 A)

In one embodiment, original and/or pretreated sensor can be analyzed by stroke detector algorithm first Signal.Time peak value in motion sensor (for example, accelerometer, gyroscope) can be used (local most in stroke detector algorithm Big value and/or local minimum) as the instruction for having taken stroke.Then, can also one or more heuristic rules be applied to move Except the peak value for being not offered as stroke.For example, the value of peak value, the time gap of two neighbouring peak values, peak value shake to peak value The morphological character of width and/or peak value (for example, definition) may indicate that some peak values are not offered as stroke.When sensor offer is one-dimensional Data above (such as 3 axis accelerometers, or 3 axis movement sensors+altimeter (amounting to 4 number of axle evidences)) when, it is contemplated that it is all The sequential and sizes related of peak value on axle are to determine whether the peak value on one or more of described axle is to be produced by stroke.

If observe the single peak value for representing stroke or a group peak value from the multiple data axles for representing stroke, then Can be from detecting previous peak and detecting that the data segments that the time between present peak value obtains extract feature.Feature includes But the power for be not limited to the maximum and ripple number in minimum value, section, measuring in various measurements is (for example, L1 power and L2 Power, standard deviation, average), etc..The feature extracted can be then subjected to machine learning system, wherein off-line calculation system Number (supervised learning) or the adaption systems coefficient (unsupervised learning) when user uses biometric monitoring arrangement.Machine learning system System can return to stroke classification then for each stroke detected.

Turn round that detector algorithm can (sensor includes to sensor by calculating derivative, rolling average and/or use But be not limited in the present invention those listed sensors) signal the suddenly change come in searching moving of high-pass filtering.May be used also And/or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) alternatively is performed to signal.If a fundamental component is different from next, then can be true Surely generation is turned round.Such as the coefficient all or in part of the conversion such as FFT (FFT) also is used as feature.Also it can be used Such as self returns the parameter models such as (AR) model.Can then use linear prediction analysis (LPA), least means square (LMS), Recursive least-squares filter (RLS) and/or Kalman Filter Estimation time-varying model parameter.Then compare the model parameter of estimation with Determine to whether there is suddenly change in its value.

In one embodiment, the skill level of swimmer and/or swimming pattern (for example, speed) can be from sensing datas Inferred, and be then used in and turn round detection.For example, generally with stronger stroke, (that is, big adds advanced swimmer Speedometer peak magnitudes), and an one way is completed using less stroke.Therefore, the skill level or characteristic of swimmer is estimated Measurement can be used for turn round detection algorithm.These measurements can be including but not limited to mean motion signal or integrated in motor message Motor message, it is manifestly that, arm movement, estimation pace and the detection pattern of advanced swimmer.It can also be inputted via user To determine the skill level of swimmer or other characteristics.For example, user can input it and be swum for advanced, intermediate or beginner Person.

One from these analyses or many (combination) features can be used to detection data-oriented sample and/or adjacent data Whether sample, which has, is turned round characteristic.To obtain the best of breed of feature and decision boundary, machine learning techniques can be utilized, such as Logistic regression, decision tree, nerve net, etc..

In certain embodiments, to be turned round if detected, then swimming data increase naturally from it can summarize and previously turn round, Such as the number of stroke, the stroke type for each stroke and for one way, split time, etc..Turned round if be not detected by, So renewable stroke counter and type.Except non-user stops swimming, otherwise algorithm can return to stroke count detection.

Parallel method (see Figure 15 B)

In parallel method, some or all of three functional units can be performed in parallel.For example, can be jointly Perform stroke type detection and turn round detection, and operate independently from stroke count detection.

In this little embodiment, two function groups of implementation in stroke type and the single algorithm turned round can be detected at the same time Part：Stroke type and turn round detection.For example, stroke type is (for example, detection freestyle swimming, breaststroke, backstroke, the movement of butterfly stroke Analysis) and turn round type (for example, flip turn (tumble turn), flip crawl turn (flip turn), two hands touch) Grader can return to detected stroke type or detected turn round type.During detection, can extract the time and Spectrum signature.Moving window can be initially applied to multiple data axles.The statistic of this window section can then be calculated, i.e. maximum And the number of the ripple in minimum value, section, the power that is measured in various measurements are (for example, L1 power and L2 power, standard deviation Difference, average).Independent component analysis (ICA) and/or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can equally be applied to find preferably to represent Turn round any hiding signal of type and stroke similar properties.Then (can potentially improve) signal from this to represent to calculate the time Feature.For temporal characteristics, various nonparametric filters solutions, LPF, bandpass filtering, high-pass filtering can be applied to strengthen Need characteristics of signals.

Also the spectrum analysis such as FFT, wavelet transformation, Hilbert (Hilbert) conversion can be applied to this through windowing Section.Conversion coefficient may be selected to be feature all or in part.Such as AR, rolling average (MA) or ARMA can be used, and (self is returned And rolling average) model parameter model, and can be via auto-correlation and/or partial auto correlation or LPA, LMS, RLS or Kalman Wave filter finds the parameter of this class model.The all or part of estimated coefficient can be used as feature.

The rolling average window of different length can be run parallel, and provide feature listed above, and can also be by the feature All or part be used as feature.

Then machine acquistion coefficient (supervised learning) can be extracted into feature applied to these.Can train and then use one Or multiple machine learning techniques, i.e. multiple layers (for example, logistic regression) of binomial linear discriminant analysis, multinomial logic are returned Return, nerve net, decision tree/forest or SVMs.

As window of interest moves, feature is can extract, and the feature of these new extractions will be returned via machine learning system Return stroke type or what is detected turn round.

Stroke detector algorithm can independently of stroke type and turn round detection and run parallel.It can be examined by heuristic rules Survey and select the time peak value of original or prefiltered sensor signal.

Algorithm the summary stage (in the stage, it may be determined that, display and/or store measurement on swimming), can After-treatment applications in the sequence stroke type and are turned round into detection.If confirm to turn round with a certain confidence level, then can be together with Detected stroke, which counts, summarizes from the swimming metric data previously turned round.If unconfirmed turn round, then rolling average Window can proceed with.Until user stop swim, algorithm can continue renewal on user exercise swimming measurement, comprising but not Stroke in the sum that is limited to turn round, the sum of one way, the average stroke number total, per one way of stroke, last one way Number, the change per one way stroke number, etc..

Mixed method (see Figure 15 C and 15D)

In mixed method, stroke type and stroke count detection can be concurrently run, is followed by turning round detection.

Stroke type detection can return to stroke type via the coefficient of machine learning.The desirable sensing of first moving window The fragment of device signal.Then extractable feature, the whole feature of moving window feature listed herein is either Subset.Then machine learning coefficient, training can be applied to the feature to determine which stroke type produces sensing offline The given fragment of device signal.

Stroke count detection can simultaneously be run together with stroke type detection.

Once detecting stroke type and counting, inspection can be turned round to perform with the subset of cited whole feature or feature Survey.

Turned round if detected, then the swimming that the completion of a circle can be recorded in user is summarized in measurement.Mistake after can inciting somebody to action Journey is applied to the stroke type that detects to determine the most prominent stroke type of completed circle.Subsequent algorithm, which is movable to, to be drawn Dynamic type and count detection stage, except non-user stops swimming.Turned round if be not detected by, then the algorithm can continue to update When the stroke type of front ring and counting, untill detecting and turning round.

Blood sugar level and heart rate

Situation, progress before the disease on disease can be provided by continuously measuring the biometric monitoring arrangement of biometric signal And the meaningful information recovered.This little biometric monitoring arrangement can have sensor and correspondingly run algorithm to measure simultaneously Calculate biometric signal, such as heart rate, heart rate variability, the step number carried out, the calorie to be burnt, advanced away from From, body weight and body fat, activity intensity, active duration and frequency etc..In addition to measured biometric signal, Customer-furnished food intake can be used to record.

In one embodiment, the considerable heart rate measuring of biometric monitoring arrangement and its change over time, are especially eating Before thing intake event and afterwards.Known heart rate is influenceed by blood sugar level, and it is well known that elevated blood glucose levels are diabetes Pre-occlusion condition.Therefore, passed time (after food intake) and blood sugar level can be described to find out via statistical regression Between relation mathematical modeling, wherein it is corresponding to provide to collect data from normal condition, prediabetes and diabetic individual Mathematical modeling.By the mathematical modeling, can predict the individual with specific heart whether health, prediabetes Or with diabetes.

It is realised that many heart failure associated with prediabetes or diabetic conditions, it is possible to be based further on using The user of the biometric data at family to biometric monitoring arrangement informs the possible heart failure of this little risk, such as coronary disease Disease, cranial vascular disease and peripheral vascular disease etc..

Recommended exercise policy can also be used when forming mathematical modeling (for example, by American Heart Association's offer Policy (http：//www.heart.org/)) consider user activity intensity, type, duration and frequency, to be used as control The independent variable of " probability " of the breaking-out of disease.Many policies on nutrition and Weight management can also be used for academic and be used for general The public is with prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.This little policy and the user data accumulated over time can be collectively incorporated into number Learn in model, the user data is, for example, the composition and body weight and body obesity trend of the food of user's consumption.

If user is storing and is showing that its kinsfolk is set as its friend by the social network sites of biometric data, Kinsfolk so can be also analyzed to obtain the possibility of disease and inform result to user.

In addition to informing the latency development of disease to user, comprising exercise regime and can there will be more healthy composition And the life style recommended of the menu of transmission method is supplied to user.

Grocery store's shopping, culinary art and the unification of food record

Grocery store organizes and menu identification system

Receipt from grocery store's shopping is containing abundant information, especially with respect to the eating habit of individual.For example, Present the information from grocery store's receipt and the individual biometric number such as collected by biometric monitoring arrangement here According to the innovative system being combined.The system collects and analyzes the data (information) on individual, and can then recommend can Change the life style of individual so as to the option of their health status of improvement.The implementation of this system can relate to cloud computing, be used for The exploitation of the hardware platform of sensing and interface and movement/Website development.

In one embodiment, when user checks out in grocery store, can by grocery store's list (such as from receipt or (such as) Obtained from email receipt or invoice) automatically it is transmitted into remote data base (for example, Cloud Server), the remote data base Also the biometric data of user can be stored.When user organizes project to family and in their refrigerator and/or pantry, he Smart phone/wrist-watch on application can recommend to abandon in pantry or refrigerator based on the historical data on food item Which project (if for example, food item is expired or may go bad).Instruction food is out of date or should consume in a short time Fall to avoid the prompting of corruption from being automatically transmitted to user independently of such interaction.For example, it is a certain whenever having met During threshold value (for example, in milk by expired two days), these promptings can be issued to user.Can also be by except passing through intelligence Prompting is sent to user by the means outside energy phone/wrist-watch.For example, can by network interface, pass through Email, logical Cross on laptop computer, tablet PC, desktop PC, or with maintaining and/or analyzing the computer of food database The prompting is presented to user by the prompting on any other electronic installation directly or indirectly to communicate.

Updated list by using food item and history food consumption data based on user, the application can will Menu recommends user.In one embodiment, can to using the project that should first eat (for example, expired, rotten or become at its Before more stale than other compositions) menu give priority.In order to recommend balance in nutrition, correctly distribute and according to user's Movable and ruling optimal menu, the application can also also analyze the activity data of user.For example, if user in the morning Weight lifting, then high-protein diet can be recommended.In another example, if user is not very movable, then menu can be reduced Size to reduce the number for the calorie that final meals contain.

It should be noted that these strategies can be applied to multiple users of shared identical food and/or meals.For example, Can be the food database that one family creates combination so that if a member in family obtains egg and family from grocery store In another member obtain milk, then both egg and milk will represent in food database.Similarly, nutrition preference (for example, vegetarian, to some food irritabilities etc.), activity, basal metabolic rate and total caloric burn can be used for forming alignment Recommendation that is standby and/or buying what food/menu.

It can be provided to the precondition of disease including (but not limited to) heart rate and the biometric signal of heart rate variability Instruction.This information can be used for recommended user's purchase, consumption and/or prepare certain food, and suffering from it to reduce it has advance shape The risk of the disease of condition.For example, if user has the precondition of cardiac problems, then it can recommend them to buy more The less fat-containing food of more vegetables, consumption, and to need less oily method to prepare food (for example, not deep-fried).

Control " intelligent appliance "

In another embodiment, various household electrical appliances can all possess wi-Fi functions, and can be with server communication.Due to application (its can via (such as) cloud or internet and be connected to the household electrical appliances) may know which food item refrigerator contains, so institute State using can be communicated with refrigerator with based food project the temperature that reduces or raise refrigerator.For example, if numerous food product Project is more sensitive to cold, such as vegetables, then can instruct refrigerator rise temperature.The application can also be also via bluetooth, BTLE Or NFC and refrigerator direct communication.

Food records

The application can also be based on grocery store's Shopping List (its can (such as) be in the list using interior maintenance) with And the food menu recommended of the application and the project for being recorded as the food of user is provided.In the meals cooked in advance (for example, cold Freeze meal) or in the case where not needing any agricultural product further handled before eating, user can simply enter their meal Dish size (or in user in the case where eating whole meals, user may not be needed to input food size) and it will then complete to eat Product record.Because grocery store's list or menu provide the definite brand and mark of some food, so will can more accurately seek Information record is supported into the account of user.

When user record pass through in accordance with application proposed by menu and cook food item when, the application can from into Divide and cooking process calculates nutritional information.This simple tissue that can provide than end product/meals is more accurately taken the photograph to calorie The estimation entered, because many menus are present to prepare certain types of food, for example, can be made of beer, turkey, pork etc. The burger of pasta, and the burger can include different degrees of carbohydrate.

Obtained using the sports metering of sensor device

In certain embodiments, sensor can be arranged on such as tennis racket on racket, so as to help to measure player Different strokes.This is applicable to most of (if not all) racket motions, and wall is clapped including (but not limited to) tennis, short net Ball, squash, table tennis, shuttlecock, lacrosse etc., and the motion that such as baseball, softball, cricket are played with bat.It can also make The different aspect of golf is measured with similar technology.Such device can be arranged on the bottom of racket, be on handle or logical Often on the shock absorber on cord.This device can have various sensors, such as accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetic force Meter, strain transducer and/or microphone.Data from these sensors can be locally stored or be wirelessly transmitted to intelligent electricity Host computer system or other wireless receivers in words.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, microphone etc. are included The executable game or motion to user of wrist installing type biometric monitoring arrangement similar analysis.This biometric monitors Device can take the form of the wrist-watch or other belts in the wrist for being worn on user.Measurement or detection bat or racket can be used Shock moment between ball and this data is wirelessly transmitted to the racket or ball of wrist installing type biometric monitoring arrangement Rod installing type sensor can be used for improving the degree of accuracy of this little algorithm by accurately measuring with the collision time of ball.

Wrist and racket/bat installing type device can help to measure the different aspect of the game of user, comprising (but it is unlimited In) stroke type (forehand, counterattack, service, tiltedly hitting), the number of forehand, the number of counterattack, ball rotation direction, upper rotation, service hundred Divide ratio, the angular speed of racket head, recoil, hit energy, impact uniformity etc..Microphone or strain transducer can be used to be used as and add At the time of the supplement of speedometer is to identify ball impact racket/bat.In cricket and baseball, the measurable recoil of such device, hit The angular speed of bat when hitting, the offside impact number on leg side (baseball).Can also measure swing and lose the number of ball with And defence is to the number of attack stroke.Such device can also have wireless launcher to be transmitted into this statistics in real time Scoreboard is transmitted into the individual device held by spectators.

Wrist or racket installing type device can have a small amount of button (for example, two), and it can be used to indicate that by player The error of unforced property is won or when occurred to tennis when.This will allow algorithm to calculate winner and as forehand to the non-of counterattack The fraction of the error of being forced to property.Number of the ace in tennis to double fault also can be traced in the algorithm.Such as Two players of fruit use such system, then the system can also automatically track score.

ECG based on cyclist's shank

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, the electrode contacted with left hand can be used and contacted with the right hand Electrode (for example, ECG heart rate measurements) monitor the heart rate of user.Because cycling needs user to contact handlebar with hand Either side, so this specific activities is suited well for tracking user's heart rate using ECG technologies.By the way that electrode is embedded in into hand In shank or handle club handle or tape, the heart rate of user can be measured when user holds handlebar.For with handle Bicycle (with using handlebar tape it is opposite), electrode can be incorporated into available for substitute existing handle (for example, be usually not The handle of conductive factory's installation) special handle in.Left handle and right handle may be electrically connected to (such as) surveyed using electric wire Measure the electronic device of ECG signal.In the case of handlebar self-conductive, handlebar can be used for electrically connecting one of handle To the electronic device of measurement ECG signal.The electronic device of measurement ECG signal is incorporated into one or both of handle.Or Person, measuring the electronic device of ECG signal can be located in single shell.In one embodiment, this single shell can be installed In cyclist's shank or handle.It can with typical bicycle computer with function and sensor (for example, speed pass Sensor, step sensor, GPS sensor).It can also have atypical sensor, such as air velocity transducer, GSR sensors And acceierometer sensor (being potentially also incorporated into handlebar).Technology described in the present invention can be used in this embodiment To calculate activity metric, two level and three stage arrangement (examples are transmitted into including (but not limited to) caloric burn, and by these measurements Such as, smart phone and server).

ECG electrode is incorporated into part or the annex of bicycle, is held without being incorporated into handle tape and handlebar In, such as gloves, brake cover, brake lever are incorporated into, or in handlebar itself.These electrodes or extra electrode can be used To measure GSR, body fat and aquation using the supplement or replacement as heart rate.In an example, it can be used and be sewn on hand Conductive filament (being used as ECG electrode) in the handle tape installed in shank measures the heart rate of user.Handle tape electrode Central bicycle computer unit is may be connected to, the central bicycle computer unit contains electronic device to measure GSR, water Cooperation use and/or heart rate.Biometric monitoring arrangement can show this information over the display.If the aquation or the heart of user Rate exceedes a certain threshold value, then can remind user drink it is more, drink less, increase intensity or reduce intensity.In bicycle meter In the case that calculation machine only measures one or both of GSR, aquation or heart rate, algorithm can be used to estimate directly to survey The measurement of amount.For example, if the only measurable heart rate of biometric monitoring arrangement and duration of exercise, then can be used The combination of heart rate and duration of exercise estimates aquation and reminds user when user should drink water.Similarly, can make Used with heart rate and duration of exercise with being reminded when user should eat or drink thing (for example, sports drink) in addition to water Family.

Indirect measurement is estimated

Bicycle computer generally measures a variety of measurements, including (but not limited to) speed, step, power and wind speed.Just The formula monitoring arrangement of taking do not measure these measurements or not with can be capable of supply that devices of these measurements communicates in the case of, usable institute The portable biometric sensor that has of metering monitoring arrangement is stated to infer these and other measurement.In one embodiment, it is described Portable biometric measures the measurable heart rate of monitoring arrangement.This measured value can be used to infer/estimate the power of user's positive output in it Amount.Such as other measurements such as age, height and body weight of user can help to inform dynamometry value.Such as GPS measurements Speed, height above sea level increase/reduction, bicycle posture (to measure the inclination on slope or gradient), and accelerometer signal single-candidate Outer sensing data can be used for further informing that power is estimated.In one embodiment, can be used heart rate and power output it Between the relation of approximately linear calculate the power output of user.

In one embodiment, measure monitoring arrangement from portable biometric in user and baseline can be used as during calibration But the time later without using secondary device obtain data in the case of, calibration phase (for example, power meter) can occur.This can Allow to determine the pass between the sensing data by portable monitoring device measurement and the sensing data by secondary device measurement System.Then the data not provided by biometric monitoring arrangement by secondary device but clearly are calculated when secondary device is not present During estimate, this relation can be used.

Automatic dispatching based on activity

In one embodiment, can be based on the information in the calendar (or Email or text message) of user come for user Daily traveling requirement (working, coming off duty, between meeting) is dispatched, target is to meet daily routines target or long term activity of earthquake mesh Mark.The historical data of user can be used to help to plan to meet both target and also required transit time.This feature can Combined with friend or colleague.The scheduling can be completed so so that and user can meet with friend on the road that its walking is gone to work, or Colleague is met with Na Tiaolu and carries out meeting (but user may need to set meeting point).If monitored in the biometric of user Real-time Communication for Power be present between device and the friend of user, if the data of the biometric monitoring arrangement from friend indicate them Friend run later, then the longer route of bootable user's walking.

In another embodiment, can (all or part) based on the degree of approach of user and user come to user suggest walking/ Running/healthy route.The data recommended a bit for this can also or extraly based on the GPS information from other users.If deposit In real-time Communication for Power, then the busy route of preference or quiet route can be directed the user to.It is realised that the heart on other users Rate and basic health and fitness information can allow one route of system recommendations to match the general level of the health of user and desired exercise/effort water It is flat.This information can be re-used for planning/guiding to user activity/health objectives of longer-term.

Position/background sensing and application

By one or more methods, the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement disclosed herein, which has, can determine that or estimate Count the position of biometric monitoring arrangement or the sensor of background (for example, in bus, at home, in the car).It can make With dedicated location sensor, such as GPS, GLONASS or other GNSS (GLONASS) sensor.Or cocoa Infer, estimate or guess position using the sensor of lower accuracy.It is difficult to some implementations of position for knowing user wherein In example, user's input can aid in determining position and/or the background of user.For example, if sensing data makes it difficult to really It is in the car or in bus to determine user, then biometric monitoring arrangement communicates just with biometric monitoring arrangement Portable electronic apparatus or the Cloud Server that is communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement can be presented to user inquires, so as to ask user they Ride in a bus today or by bus.The position in addition to vehicle context can be directed to and carry out similar inquiry.For example, such as Fruit sensing data instruction user completes strenuous exercise, but the position data in body-building shop is gone in the absence of instruction user, then It can ask whether they have gone to body-building shop today to user.

Vehicle transport detects

In certain embodiments, can be used biometric monitoring arrangement sensor and/or with biometric monitoring arrangement The portable electron device of communication and/or determine that user or once existed with Cloud Server that biometric monitoring arrangement communicates In what kind of vehicle (if there is).It should be noted that in the examples below, communicated in one or more biometric monitoring arrangements And/or the sensor in portable electron device can be used for sensing coherent signal.It shall yet further be noted that can use example in the following description Such as WiFi or bluetooth specific network protocols, one or more alternative associations such as RFID, NFC or cellular phone also can be used View.

In one embodiment, pair detection of the blue-tooth device associated with vehicle can be used to infer user in vehicle In.For example, user can have the automobile for possessing bluetooth multimedia system.When user and their automobile close enough simultaneously During the long enough cycle, sensor device can recognize the bluetooth recognition of multimedia system and assume user in automobile In.The data from other sensors can be used to confirm hypothesis of the user in vehicle.It can be used from other sensors Data or signal are higher than 30mph GPS velocity measured value and as in automobile to confirm that the example of user in the car includes In characteristic accelerometer signal.Information intrinsic bluetooth ID can be used for the Wi-Fi routers or vehicle for determining that it is vehicle Type.For example, the bluetooth ID of the router in automobile can be " Audi's in-car multimedia ".Keyword " Audi " or " car " can For guessing that router is associated with type of vehicle " automobile ".Or the data of bluetooth ID and its associated vehicle can be used Storehouse.

In one embodiment, can by the user of biometric monitoring arrangement or by portable communication appts data come Create or update the database of bluetooth ID and its associated vehicle.This can user input auxiliary under and/or do not using Completed under the auxiliary of family input.In one embodiment, if whether biometric monitoring arrangement can determine that it in vehicle, car Type or particular vehicle and without using bluetooth ID and its run into the bluetooth ID that is moved together with vehicle, then it can be by bluetooth ID Central database is sent to using by as catalog classification as bluetooth ID corresponding with vehicle with the information on vehicle.Or if User prior point input on they or once the information of vehicle wherein and existed and in user indicate that they once existed The bluetooth ID run into when during the time in the vehicle or close to the time, then bluetooth ID and information of vehicles can be sent To central database and it is associated with each other.

In another embodiment, pair detection of the Wi-Fi device associated with vehicle can be used to infer user at that In vehicle or type of vehicle.Some trains, bus, aircraft, automobile and other vehicles have Wi-Fi routers wherein. It is detectable and infer using the SSID of router or aid in deduction user in particular vehicle or type of vehicle.

In one embodiment, can be created with the user of biometric monitoring arrangement or by portable communication appts data Build or update SSID and its database of associated vehicle.This can be under the auxiliary that user inputs and/or defeated in no user Completed under the auxiliary entered.In one embodiment, if whether biometric monitoring arrangement can determine that it in vehicle, vehicle class Type or particular vehicle and without using SSID and its run into the SSID that is moved together with vehicle, then biometric monitoring arrangement can will SSID and information on vehicle are sent to central database using by as catalog classification as SSID corresponding with vehicle.Or such as Fruit user prior point input on they or once the information of vehicle wherein and existed and in user indicate them once The SSID run into when during the time in the vehicle or close to the time, then SSID and information of vehicles can be sent to Central database and it is associated with each other.

In another embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement, position sensor can be used to determine the track of user.With Afterwards can be by this track compared with for the database of the route of different passage modes.Passage mode can be including (but not limited to) Walking, running, cycling, drive, ride in a bus, by train, multiply tramcar, take the subway, and/or by motorcycle.If The track of user and the route of special pass pattern are well corresponding, then may be assumed that user pass through that the route spent when Between once use the passage mode during the cycle.It should be noted that the speed for completing the section of route or route can improve to the mould that passes through The conjecture of formula.For example, both bus and automobile can use same routes, but volume of the bus at bus station Outer stop can allow device to determine that user once rode in a bus rather than automobile.Similarly, cycling passes through a road with driving Differentiation between line can be aided in by the typical differences of the speed between the two.This speed difference may also depend upon day When.For example, some routes can be due to automobile and slower during peak period.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement be able to can be existed based on the measurement in the magnetic field of vehicle to detect user In vehicle or in du vehicule.In certain embodiments, also can be used generally associated with vehicle position (for example, railway station, Subway station, bus stop, garage) magnetic field sign infer user currently, will or in vehicle.Sign in magnetic field It is non-time-varying or time-varying.

If it is determined that user is once actually in time period in vehicle, then can change on the other of user Measure to reflect state.In biometric monitoring arrangement and/or the measurable step number for example carried out of portable electron device, institute In the case of the activity metrics such as the distance walked or run, the height above sea level climbed and/or the calorie that is burnt, can be based on The information that vehicle is advanced changes these measurements.If any carried out step number or climbed between vehicle mid-term in user Height above sea level is improperly recorded, then can be removed it from the record of the measurement on user.Can also be from the measurement on user Record remove derived from the step number carried out improperly recorded or the height above sea level climbed measure, such as advanced away from From with the calorie that is burnt.In the case where that can determine user whether in vehicle in real time or near real-time, inspection can be closed The sensor for the measurement (for example, the step number carried out or the stair climbed) that survey measures when should not be in vehicle, or can close The algorithm for measuring these measurements is closed, so as to prevent the measurement (and saving electric power) improperly recorded.It should be noted that it can remember The measurement used on vehicle is recorded (for example, the type of the vehicle multiplied, the time multiplied, takes which bar route, and route to spend How long) and be later used to that the other activities and physiological measurements of this data and/or correction on user are presented to user.

Sensed using the position of bluetooth

The method similar to method as described above also can be used to determine when user connects in biometric monitoring arrangement Nearly static position.In one embodiment, the bluetooth ID of the computer at restaurant or shop (for example, tablet PC) can For determining the position of user.In another embodiment, half from portable communication appts (for example, smart phone) can be used Bluetooth ID is fixed to determine the position of user.In the case of semifixed bluetooth ID sources, it may be desired to which multiple bluetooth ID reach use The acceptable level of confidence of the position at family.For example, the bluetooth ID of the colleague of user database can be created.If with Family is located in the range of some persons in these bluetooths ID during the typical working time, then may be assumed that user is working. The detection to other bluetooth ID also can be used to record when two users meet by chance.For example, can be by analyzing pedometer number Determine user according to bluetooth ID and go out to go jogging together with another user.This similar a little concept are filed in 5 days March in 2014 Discussed in further detail in 61/948th, No. 468 U.S. provisional patent application cases, and previously with respect to this little concept to quote Mode is incorporated to.

Location-based GPS uncertain measurement

When sensor signal is merged with estimated information biometric (for example, step number, pace of life, speed with gps signal Degree, or the path of route) when, the quality of gps signal is usually non-often with informedness.It is well known, however, that gps signal quality is time-varying , and it is surrounding environment to influence one of factor of signal quality.

Positional information can be used to estimate gps signal quality.Server can storage region type map, wherein passing through evil The number and type for changing the object of gps signal predefine area type.The type may be, for example,：Building area Domain, small building object area, open area, by aqua region and wood land., can be with number before it when GPS sensor is opened Individual location estimation (its expection is more rough and incorrect) inquires these area types.Estimated by the coarse GPS of position, can returned Possible area type is returned, and then can consider these area types when calculating gps signal q＆r.

For example, if user is in urban canyons (the circular region by high constructure) (for example, San Francisco urban district) Near or, then low certainty may be associated with the measurement of any GNSS location.This certainty can be later by attempting at least partly Determine that the algorithm of the track of user, speed and/or elevation uses based on gps data.

In one embodiment, the data from one or more GNSS sensors can be used to be automatically created position and GPS The database of signal quality.By the way that compared with street map and GNSS tracks are checked into when GNSS sensors show user Advance (for example, speed with 10mph or higher) along street but characteristic of its track on the road, and automatically hold Capable this compares.It can also infer from the map that wherein have high constructure, valley or intensive forest is shown based on apparent position The deterministic databases of GPS.

Sensed using the position of vehicle GNSS and/or dead reckoning

Many vehicles have integrated form GNSS.The user of vehicle without integrated form GNSS is normal Often it is their automobile purchase GNSS, the GNSS is generally non-permanently arranged on regarding for driver In open country.In one embodiment, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement be able to can communicate with the GNSS system of vehicle.Wherein just Take in the case that formula biometric monitoring arrangement is also used for tracing positional, it can be from vehicle GNSS receiving position information.It can make Biometric monitoring arrangement can close the GNSS sensors (in the case where it has the sensor) of its own, therefore subtract Its few power consumption.

Except GNSS location detect in addition to, vehicle be able to can launch on its steering wheel orientation and/or its relative to the earth The data of the orientation in magnetic field, using the supplement as its speed for such as using tire size and tire rotary speed and measuring.This letter Breath can be used for holding in the case where GNSS system of the vehicle without GNSS system or vehicle can not obtain reliable position measurement Row dead reckoning is to determine track and/or position.The positional information of dead reckoning can be supplemented from biometric monitoring arrangement GNSS sensing datas.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can reduce its to GNSS data sampling frequency, and Filling passes through dead reckoning defined location in gap between GNSS location data.

The step counter data fusion determined with satellite-based position

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, the data fusion from various different sensors can be existed Newly seen clearly with providing the movable of the wearer on biometric monitoring arrangement together.For example, supervised from biometric The data of altimeter in view apparatus can be with passing through the accelerometer data to the accelerometer from biometric monitoring arrangement The step enumeration data for performing peak detection analysis and obtaining is combined, when to determine the wearer of biometric monitoring arrangement (such as) stair climbing or walk to go up a slope (with sitting lift or escalator or flat ground of passing by is relative).

In another example of Data Fusion of Sensor, the data from step counter for example discussed herein above can with from Distance measure derived from gps data is combined to provide the fine estimation for the total distance advanced in given window.Citing For, it Kalman filter can be used (to make the distance based on GPS or speed data with the distance based on step counter or speed Span is multiplied by with the step number carried out) it is combined, to obtain fine distance estimations, the fine distance estimations are than individually Distance or velocity measurement based on GPS or the distance based on step counter or velocity measurement are more accurate.In another embodiment party In case, can be used as such as by (such as) smoothing constant of the function of the leg speed rates of accelerometer measures come to based on GPS away from It is filtered from measured value.This little embodiment is discussed further in No. 61/973,614 U.S. filed in 1 day April in 2014 In temporary patent application case, the application case was previously herein incorporated by reference herein " joins to the intersection of related application Examine " section in, and the application case again herein on alignment using from satellite-based alignment system and step sensor for countering Data distance or the content that becomes more meticulous of velocity estimation and be herein incorporated by reference.

Biometric and environment/exercise performance correlation

Some embodiments of portable monitoring device described herein can detect a variety of data, include biometric number According to, environmental data and activity data.User can be analyzed or be presented to this all data to promote to two or more classes The analysis of the degree of correlation between the data of type.In one embodiment, the heart rate of user can be with car speed, cycling speed Degree, velocity, swimming rate or walking speed are related.For example, it can be presented on to user in X-axis and draw cycling speed Degree and the chart that heart rate is drawn in Y-axis.In another example, the heart rate of user can be related to the music that user listens to.Biology Metering monitoring arrangement any sound can be once listened on user to receive by the wireless connection (for example, bluetooth) to auto radio Happy data.In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can also itself serve as music player, and what therefore can record When which song played.

Weight lifting aids in

In the case of the auxiliary of no personal coach or partner, it may be difficult to be properly completed weight lifting routine.It is portable Formula biometric monitoring arrangement can be by transmitting how long they should go up each weight of act, how soon they should lift weight to user Thing, they how soon should reduce weight and to perform the number of each repetition lifted, and can aid in user complete weight lifting routine. One or more EMG sensors or strain transducer can be used to measure the contraction of muscle of user for biometric monitoring arrangement.May be used also By measure the vibrations (for example, using accelerometer) of one or more body parts, one or more body parts sweat (for example, Use GSR sensors), rotation (for example, using gyroscope), and/or one or more body parts on temperature sensor, to push away The contraction of muscle of disconnected user.Or sensor can be placed on weight lifting equipment itself to determine when use is lifting, and they The speed lifting or reduce, they lift duration, and the number of repetition that their executeds are lifted.

In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement or weight lifting equipment detect user just close to their mistake Lose the limit on (when user's no longer sustainable weight), then weight lifting equipment automatically lifting heavy or can prevent weight from reducing. In another embodiment, the manipulator that is communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement or weight lifting equipment automatically lifting heavy or can prevent weight Thing reduces.This can allow user (to be used for the situation in failure without partner/witness by their limit itself is pushed to Lower lifting heavy) and not from the risk of injury for falling weight.

Blood sugar level monitoring auxiliary

In certain embodiments, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can be configured to aid in needing to monitor its blood sugar level User (for example, diabetic).In one embodiment, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can infer user indirectly Blood sugar level or the measurement related to the blood sugar level of user.It can be used except being generally used for monitoring blood glucose monitoring (using company Continuous or discrete finger punctures the sensor of type) sensor outside sensor as typical blood glucose monitoring method Supplement is substituted or aided in as it.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be based on from biometric monitoring arrangement Sensor measurement data and to user reminding, they should check its blood sugar level.If user performs in having been measured in certain time The activity of certain type, then their blood sugar level may reduce, and therefore, biometric monitoring arrangement can show and carry Wake up, produce audible prompts, or vibration, remind the user that their blood glucose is possible relatively low and they should be surveyed using typical blood glucose Device (for example, finger punctures the blood glucose monitor of type) is measured to check blood glucose.Biometric monitoring arrangement can allow user defeated Enter the blood sugar level from blood-glucose meter measurement.Or can by it is blood sugar measured be automatically transmitted into biometric monitoring arrangement and/or The 3rd device (for example, smart phone or server) directly or indirectly to be communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement.This blood glucose measurement Value can be used for informing the algorithm used by biometric monitoring arrangement to determine when should be delivered to the prompting of next blood sugar level User.User may also be able to have eaten them, eating or planned to eat what food be input to biometric monitoring arrangement or The device directly or indirectly to be communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement.This information can be additionally used in when determination should remind user to check him Blood sugar level.Other measurements described herein and sensing data can also be used separately or in combination (for example, the heart Rate data) determine user when should to be reminded to check their blood glucose.

In addition to being reminded when should check blood sugar level, biometric monitoring arrangement may also display current blood glucose water Flat estimation.In another embodiment, can be supervised by secondary device (for example, smart phone or server) using from biometric The data of view apparatus are to estimate the blood sugar level of user and/or this data is presented into user (for example, by smart phone The data are shown on upper, webpage, and/or by via data described in radio transmitting).

Biometric monitoring arrangement can also be used to make exercise, diet and other factorses related to blood sugar level.This can be aided in User understands front or counter productive of these factors to their blood sugar level.Can by user using different device (for example, Finger punch through style monitor or continuous blood sugar monitor), by biometric monitoring arrangement itself, and/or by inferring blood glucose The measurements related to blood sugar level horizontal or using other sensors, to measure the blood sugar level related to activity.In biology In some embodiments for measuring monitoring arrangement, the wearable continuous blood sugar monitoring arrangement of user and biometric monitoring arrangement.This two Data on activity and blood sugar level can automatically be uploaded to the 3rd computing device (for example, server) by individual device.Service Device can be presented to user with data described in post analysis and/or by the data so that user more understands their activity and blood Relation between sugar level.The input that the server can also receive the diet on user (is eaten for example, user can input them What food) and make the diet related to blood sugar level.By help user understand diet, exercise and other factorses (for example, It is nervous) their blood sugar level how is influenceed, biometric monitoring arrangement can aid in the user with diabetes.

UV exposure detections

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can monitor exposure of the individual to UV radiation.One can be passed through Individual or multiple sensors measure UVA and UVB.For example, the photodiode with the bandpass filter for only passing through UVA can UVA exposures are detected, and the photodiode with the bandpass filter for only passing through UVB can detect UVB exposures.Phase also can be used Machine or reflectometer (determining that light is reflect off the optical transmitting set and photodetector of the efficiency of skin) measure the skin pigment of user It is calm.Using UVA, UVB and cutaneous pigmentation data, biometric monitoring arrangement can provide a user what is be subjected on it The information of UV exposed amounts.Biometric monitoring arrangement may also provide on the over-exposure to UV, the possibility of sunburn and increase The estimation or alarm of the possibility of its risk of skin cancer.

The screen power that sensor using user be present is saved

Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can have one or more displays to present information to user.In a reality Apply in example, the sensor on biometric monitoring arrangement can determine that user just using biometric monitoring arrangement and/or wear life Thing measures monitoring arrangement to determine the state of display.For example, the biometric monitoring arrangement with PPG sensors can make By the use of PPG sensors as proximity sensor to determine when user wears biometric monitoring arrangement.If user adorns oneself with Biometric monitoring arrangement, then the state (for example, color LCD screen) of screen can change from typicalness that it is turned off to " on " or " stand-by ".

Saved relative to the power of satellite-based position determination system

In some embodiments, some systems included in biometric monitoring arrangement may monitor with biometric Other systems in device are compared to the relatively large amount of power of consumption.It is attributed to the small space of many biometric monitoring arrangements about Beam, this can have a strong impact on the overall cell charge life of biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, monitored in some biometrics In device, satellite-based position determination system can be included.GPS is come from whenever being used using satellite-based position determination system When the data of satellite group obtain positioning, it uses the power drawn from biometric monitoring arrangement battery.Biometric monitors Device can be configured to change satellite-based position determination system based on one or more biographies from biometric monitoring arrangement The data of sensor obtain the frequency of positioning.This adaptive location frequency functionalities can help power saving while still allow satellite-based Position determination system provides positioning with useful interval (in due course).

For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement has ambient light sensor, then can be used and passed from ambient light The data of sensor determine whether illumination condition indicates that biometric monitoring arrangement may be indoors rather than in outdoor.If It is indoor, then biometric monitoring arrangement can cause location frequency to be set to less than seeming to indicate biometric in illumination condition The level of monitoring arrangement workable location frequency at outdoor.This has is tasted when reducing biometric monitoring arrangement indoors The effect of the positioning number of examination, and be therefore less likely to obtain good location using satellite-based position determination system.

In another example, if the pendant of the motion sensor instruction biometric monitoring arrangement of biometric monitoring arrangement Wearer is substantially fixed, such as sleeps or do not move substantially more than several feet per minute, then satellite-based position is true Wearer's (example during exercise than motion sensor instruction biometric monitoring arrangement can be set to by determining the location frequency of system Such as, from a position walking or run to another location, for example, mobile be more than several feet) the low level of situation.

In a further example, actually whether biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured to determine biometric monitoring arrangement Worn by people, if not, then location frequency can be set to more real than biometric monitoring arrangement by biometric monitoring arrangement The low level of situation about being worn on border.Can be for example in the exercise data of the motion sensor collection from biometric monitoring arrangement Indicate that biometric monitoring arrangement is substantially fixed (for example, even showing the when biometer of wearer's sleep or sitting Measure monitoring arrangement undergo it is small mobile when it is also not fixed) when or for example from heartbeat waveform sensor data instruction not Detect this little determination for carrying out whether being worn during heart rate on biometric monitoring arrangement.Sensed for optics heartbeat waveform Device, if few change when turning off be present in light source switches and in the light quantity that light detecting sensors detects, then this can refer to Show following facts：Heartbeat waveform sensor does not compress the skin of people, and infers that biometric monitoring arrangement is not worn.This is adaptive Satellite-based position determination system location frequency concept is answered to be discussed in more detail the 61/th filed in 18 days March in 2014 In 955, No. 045 U.S. provisional patent application cases, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously " to the intersection of related application With reference to " be incorporated herein by reference in part and again hereby on satellite-based position determination system up and down The content pointed out at power saving in text and be herein incorporated by reference.

It will be appreciated that in addition to the feature comprising discussed in further detail below, biometric monitoring arrangement can also include above One or more feature or functions discussed or discussed in the various application cases being incorporated by reference above in discussing.This is a little Embodiment is interpreted as within the scope of the invention.

Described herein and explanation many concepts and embodiment be present.Although it has been described herein and has illustrated some realities Apply example, feature, attribute and advantage, it should be appreciated that apparent many other and different and/or similar from description and explanation Embodiment, feature, attribute and advantage.Thus, above example only provides as example.It is not intended in detail or incited somebody to action The present invention is limited to disclosed precise forms, technology, material and/or configuration.According to the present invention, many modifications and change are possible 's.It should be understood that using other embodiments, and operation change can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.Thus, The scope of the present invention is not limited in above description, because retouching for above example is presented for purposes of illustration and description State.

Importantly, the present invention is also not necessarily limited to this little aspect and/or implemented neither limited to any single aspect or embodiment Any combinations of example and/or arrangement.In addition, can individually or jointly in other side and/or embodiments of the invention one or More persons and for the use of the present invention and/or each of embodiment.For simplicity, will not herein individually Discuss and/or illustrate those arrangement and combination in it is many those of.

Claims

1. a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, it includes：

Motion detection sensor, it, which is configured to provide to correspond to, wears the motion that the user of the body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out Output；

Heartbeat waveform sensor；And

Control logic including instruction, described instruct are used for：

(a) the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is collected and from the defeated of the motion detection sensor Go out data, wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides the information of the heart rate on the user, And the output data wherein from the motion detection sensor provides the week on the user in addition to heartbeat The information of phase property body movement；

(b) output data from the motion detection sensor is handled, to determine to come from the motion detection sensor The output data cyclical component；

(c) determine to be expected heart rate by analyzing from the output data of the motion detection sensor；

(d) from the expected heart rate, high-pass equipment is set to be filtered；

(e) high-pass equipment is used, the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is filtered, to remove Relative to the change that expected heart rate is slow, wherein the filtering produces the high-pass filtering output number from the heartbeat waveform sensor According to；

(f) heart rate of the user is determined；And

(g) heart rate of the user is presented,

Wherein, (b) is performed before or after (c), (d) and (e).

2. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the heartbeat waveform sensor is photoelectricity volume Map sensor, it includes (i) periodicity light source, (ii) is located to receive after the skin with user interacts and launched by light source Periodicity light photodetector and (iii) determined from the output of the photodetector user heart rate circuit.

3. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 2, wherein photocapacitance product map sensor further wraps Shell is included, the shell has the dimple for being wherein mounted with the photodetector.

4. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the control logic further comprises being used to make Sensed with the cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor from from the heartbeat waveform The instruction that corresponding cyclical component is removed through high-pass filtering output data of device.

5. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the instruction for being used to filter include being used for from The output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor removes the instruction of the frequency less than about 0.6Hz.

6. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein described come from the motion detection for analyzing The instruction of the output data of sensor includes being used for the instruction for inferring that User Activity is horizontal.

7. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the control logic further comprises being used to examine Survey the instruction of the intensity of User Activity.

8. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein detected by the motion detection sensor The periodicity movement is moved for the limbs of wearer.

9. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the motion detection sensor be accelerometer or Gyroscope.

10. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein being used for from the heartbeat waveform sensor collection The instruction of the output data includes being used for the instruction operated below：

The light source in the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is set to pulse at the first frequency；And

The light from the light source is detected under the first frequency.

11. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 10, wherein described be used to make under the first frequency The instruction of the light source pulsation includes the instruction for being used to launch a series of light pulses of virtually constant intensity.

12. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the instruction of the heart rate for the user to be presented Including the instruction for heart rate to be presented on the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement.

13. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the control logic further comprises being used for really The instruction of the quiet heart rate of the fixed user, and the wherein described instruction for being used to filter includes being used to remove about than the user's The instruction of the small frequency of the frequency of quiet heart rate.