CN106073737B

CN106073737B - wearable heart rate monitor

Info

Publication number: CN106073737B
Application number: CN201610622453.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 萨博拉曼尼姆·文卡特拉曼; 谢尔顿·杰骄·袁
Original assignee: Fitbit LLC
Current assignee: Feibit Co ltd
Priority date: 2013-06-03
Filing date: 2014-06-03
Publication date: 2018-11-23
Anticipated expiration: 2034-06-03
Also published as: CN106333667B; CN104207756B; CN106073737A; CN106333667A; CN104207756A

Abstract

This application involves a kind of wearable heart rate monitors.Heart rate of the biometric monitoring arrangement to determine user by using heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor.In some embodiments, described device collects the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from the motion detection sensor, the cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor is detected, and removes corresponding cyclical component from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor using the cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor.According to this as a result, described device can determine and present the heart rate of the user.

Description

Wearable heart rate monitor

It is on June 3rd, 2014 that the application, which is application No. is the 201410243178.9, applying date, entitled " wearable The divisional application of the application for a patent for invention of heart rate monitor ".

Technical field

The present invention be directed to wearable heart rate monitors.

Background technique

The concern of consumer recently of personal health has been caused to provide a variety of personal health monitoring arrangements on the market.Until Recently, these devices often use complicated and are usually designed for an activity, such as cycle touring computer.

The recent advances of sensor, electronic device and power supply miniaturization have allowed personal health monitoring arrangement (herein Also known as " biometric tracking " or " biometric monitoring " device) size mentioned with previous unpractical minimum size For.For example, Fitbit Ultra is about 2 inches long, 0.75 inch wide and 0.5 inch of depth biometric monitoring arrangement； It has pixellated display, battery, sensor, wireless communication ability, power supply and interface button of the encapsulation in this small volume, And the integrated intermediate plate of the other parts for attaching the device to pocket or clothes.

The present invention is provided to activate to monitor based on the HR of user movement and skin proximity in a manner of having energy benefits The method and device of device.The present invention also provides for operating heart rate monitor LED and photoelectric detector with obtain be directed to for example The method of the accurate reading for the heart rate that the different users characteristic such as colour of skin is worked out.

Summary of the invention

Control logic is usually but not necessarily located on body-building monitoring arrangement.The control logic it is implementable for hardware, software, Firmware or any combination thereof.The data used when executing instruction described herein by control logic can be by can be completely resident On device or part resides on the storage such as associated memory, register on pairing auxiliary device (for example, buffering).Under Text is presented referring to such as Figure 11 A to 11G, 12A to 12C, 13A to 13B and 14A to 14D for implementing the suitable of control logic The example of framework.

Present application provide it is a kind of using include multiple sensors wearing biometric monitoring arrangement determine user's heart rate Method, the multiple sensor include heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, the method includes：(a) it collects The concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from the motion detection sensor, wherein The output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides the information of the heart rate about the user, and wherein comes from institute The output data offer for stating motion detection sensor is mobile about the periodical body of the user other than heartbeat Information；(b) cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor is determined；(c) using from institute The cyclical component of the output data of motion detection sensor is stated from from described in the heartbeat waveform sensor Output data removes corresponding cyclical component；(d) heart rate of the user is determined；And the heart rate of the user (e) is presented.

In some instances, the method further includes from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor Remove the harmonic wave of the corresponding cyclical component.

In some instances, wherein the cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor For the mobile fundamental frequency generated of periodicity from the user.

In some instances, wherein being removed from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor corresponding periodical Component includes by sef-adapting filter applied to the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and from the fortune The output data of dynamic detection sensor.

In some instances, wherein being removed from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor corresponding periodical Component includes by sef-adapting filter functional application in the output data from the motion detection sensor, described adaptive Answer filter function minimize the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor with from motion detection sensor Difference between the output data.

In some instances, method further comprises：Determine the activity level and/or Activity Type of user；And based on use The activity level and/or Activity Type at family determine the parameter of function.

In some instances, method further comprises：The output data from motion detection sensor is analyzed to infer use Family is substantially static；And temporarily hang up (c).

In some instances, wherein by motion sensor senses to periodicity it is mobile be wearer limbs it is mobile.

In some instances, ankle when wherein limbs movement is walking, stroke, cycling rotates and on aerobic machine Leg it is mobile.

In some instances, wherein motion detection sensor is accelerometer or gyroscope.

In some instances, wherein heartbeat waveform sensor includes photoelectricity volume map sensor or ECG sensor.

Under some examples, wherein including from heartbeat waveform sensor collection output data：Make to wear at the first frequency Light source pulsation in biometric monitoring arrangement；And the light from light source is detected at the first frequency.

Under some examples, wherein light source pulsation is made to include the system for emitting virtually constant intensity at the first frequency Column light pulse.

Under some examples, wherein the heart rate of presentation user includes that heart rate is presented on wearing biometric monitoring arrangement.

Under some examples, wherein the heart rate of presentation user is included in periodically leads to wearing biometric monitoring arrangement Heart rate is presented on the external device (ED) of letter.

Present application is further provided for a kind of determined using the wearing biometric monitoring arrangement for including multiple sensors and used The method of family heart rate, the multiple sensor include heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, the method includes： (a) the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and the output number from the motion detection sensor are collected According to wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides the information of the heart rate about the user, and its In the output data from the motion detection sensor periodicity about the user other than heartbeat is provided The mobile information of body；(b) cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor is determined；(c) right The output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is filtered to remove the variation slower relative to expected heart rate, Described in filtering generate the high-pass filtering output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor；(d) heart rate of the user is determined； And the heart rate of the user (e) is presented.

In some instances, method further comprises：Use the output data from the motion detection sensor The cyclical component from from the heartbeat waveform sensor through high-pass filtering output data remove it is corresponding periodically point Amount.

In some instances, it is removed from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor less than about 0.6Hz's wherein filtering Frequency.

In some instances, it is removed from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor less than about 0.3Hz's wherein filtering Frequency.

In some instances, method further comprises：Determine expected heart rate, and the height from expected heart rate setting for filtering Passband rate.

In some instances, wherein determining that expected heart rate includes analyzing the output data from motion detection sensor.

In some instances, wherein analyzing the output data from motion detection sensor includes inferring User Activity water It is flat.

In some instances, wherein analyzing the output data from motion detection sensor includes the strong of detection User Activity The type of degree or User Activity.

In some instances, wherein the type of detection User Activity includes that detection runs, walks, stands, is seated or lies down.

In some instances, wherein the intensity of detection User Activity includes detection running or walking.

In some instances, method further comprises：The quiet heart rate of user is determined, wherein filtering, which removes, is approximately less than user The frequency of the frequency of heart rate.

In some instances, wherein determining that the quiet heart rate of user is included in after it is waken up and is still static in bed just Measure user¹Heart rate.

In some instances, wherein determining that the quiet heart rate of user includes that the user of the measurement user in user's sleep is averaged Heart rate.

In some instances, wherein determining that the quiet heart rate of user is included in when user awakens and is static carries out user's heart rate Multiple measurements.

Present application is further provided for a kind of determined using the wearing biometric monitoring arrangement for including multiple sensors and used The method of family heart rate, the multiple sensor include heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, the method includes： (a) the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and the output number from the motion detection sensor are collected According to wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides the information of the heart rate about the user, and its In the output data from the motion detection sensor periodicity about the user other than heartbeat is provided The mobile information of body；(b) cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor is determined；(c) place The output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is managed with from the output number from the heartbeat waveform sensor According to the removal cyclical component；(d) expected heart rate is determined using the output data from the motion detection sensor Range；(e) output data generated from (c) determines the heart rate of the user, wherein the heart rate of the determination exists In in the range of expected heart rate；And the heart rate of the user (f) is presented.

In some instances, wherein determining that the range of expected heart rate includes：(i) in the output from motion detection sensor Data instruction user determines the heart rate of user when substantially static；(ii) always week of the output data of autokinesis detection sensor Phase property component determines the activity level and/or Activity Type of user；And (iii) from (i) determine user's heart rate and (ii) User Activity determined in is horizontal and/or Activity Type determines the range for being expected heart rate.

In some instances, wherein the minimum expected heart rate in the range of expected heart rate is greater than the user's determined in (i) Heart rate.

In some instances, wherein determining that the Activity Type of user includes the output data of always autokinesis detection sensor In the information inference Activity Type that contains or detection Activity Type manually type in selection.

In some instances, wherein determining that the range of expected heart rate includes the output data of always autokinesis detection sensor Determine the cadence of user.

In some instances, wherein determining that the heart rate of user includes the spectral density for calculating the output data generated in (c).

Present application is further provided for a kind of determined using the wearing biometric monitoring arrangement for including multiple sensors and used The method of family heart rate, the multiple sensor include heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor, the method includes： (a) the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and the output number from the motion detection sensor are collected According to wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides the information of the heart rate about the user, and its In the output data from the motion detection sensor periodicity about the user other than heartbeat is provided The mobile information of body；(b) cyclical component of the output data from the motion detection sensor is determined；(c) root The output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is handled according to working cycles, wherein the processing includes from from described The output data of heartbeat waveform sensor removes the cyclical component；(d) heart rate of the user is determined；And (e) The heart rate of the user is presented.

In some instances, wherein working cycles include for obtaining the collection output data from heartbeat waveform sensor And determine about 5 to 15 seconds operational phases of the heart rate of user, followed by the inactive stage.

In some instances, wherein the continuously active stage separates about 1 to 10 minutes.

In some instances, wherein inputting the triggered activity stage by the user for receiving request heart rate measurement.

In some instances, wherein the period per minute in (a) in working cycles collects in about 5 to 15 seconds and comes from the heart Jump the output data of model transducer and the output data from motion detection sensor.

In some instances, method further comprises：Detection user attempts to read heart rate；And temporarily stop working cycles.

In some instances, method further comprises：It is low to infer to analyze the output data from motion detection sensor Activity level；And temporarily stop working cycles.

Present application further provides for a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement comprising：Motion sensor is configured to The output for corresponding to the movement that the user for wearing the body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out is provided；Heartbeat waveform sensor；And packet The control logic of instruction is included, described instruction is used for：(a) collect the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and Output data from the motion detection sensor, wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides The information of heart rate about the user, and wherein the output data from the motion detection sensor is provided about removing The mobile information of the periodical body of the user except heartbeat；(b) institute from the motion detection sensor is determined State the cyclical component of output data；(c) using the period of the output data from the motion detection sensor Property component from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor remove corresponding cyclical component；(d) use is determined The heart rate at family；And the heart rate of the user (e) is presented.

In some instances, wherein heartbeat waveform sensor is photoelectricity volume map sensor comprising (i) periodicity light Source, (ii) be located to receive after the skin with user interacts periodical light launched by light source photodetector and (iii) circuit of the heart rate of user is determined from the output of photodetector.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor includes across two periodical light sources on the photo-detector.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor further comprises with the dimple for being mounted with photodetector Shell.

In some instances, wherein the shell of photoelectricity volume map sensor further comprises be mounted with periodical light source Two dimples.

In some instances, wherein shell is monitored in the wearable body-building for the skin for being arranged to squeeze user when wearing Prominent at least about 1mm on the surface of base of device.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor further comprises being configured to prominent shell to squeeze user Skin when resist compression spring.

In some instances, wherein photoelectricity volume map sensor further comprises on photodetector and periodical light source IML film.

In some instances, wherein periodical light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises for from from described in the heartbeat waveform sensor Output data removes the instruction of the harmonic wave of the corresponding cyclical component.

In some instances, wherein for removing corresponding week from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor The instruction of phase property component includes for sef-adapting filter to be applied to the output number from the heartbeat waveform sensor According to and from the motion detection sensor the output data instruction.

In some instances, wherein for removing corresponding week from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor The instruction of phase property component include for by sef-adapting filter functional application in from the described defeated of the motion detection sensor The instruction of data out, the sef-adapting filter function minimize the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor with Difference between the output data from motion detection sensor.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises instruction for performing the following operation：Determine user's Activity level and/or Activity Type；And the parameter of function is determined based on the activity level and/or Activity Type of user.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises instruction for performing the following operation：Analysis is from fortune The output data of dynamic detection sensor is to infer that user is substantially static；And temporarily hang up (c).

Under some examples, wherein for from the instruction of heartbeat waveform sensor collection output data include for carry out with The instruction of lower operation：The light source in wearable biometric monitoring arrangement is set to pulse at the first frequency；And at the first frequency Detect the light from light source.

Under some examples, wherein the instruction for making light source pulse at the first frequency includes for emitting substantial perseverance A series of instruction of light pulses of fixed intensity.

Under some examples, wherein the instruction of the heart rate of user includes for monitoring in wearable biometric for rendering The instruction of heart rate is presented on device.

Under some examples, wherein the instruction of the heart rate of user includes for supervising with wearable biometric for rendering The instruction of heart rate is presented on the external device (ED) that view apparatus periodically communicates.

Present application further provides for a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement comprising：Motion sensor is configured to The output for corresponding to the movement that the user for wearing the body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out is provided；Heartbeat waveform sensor；And packet The control logic of instruction is included, described instruction is used for：(a) collect the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and Output data from the motion detection sensor, wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides The information of heart rate about the user, and wherein the output data from the motion detection sensor is provided about removing The mobile information of the periodical body of the user except heartbeat；(b) institute from the motion detection sensor is determined State the cyclical component of output data；(c) output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is filtered to move Except the variation slower relative to expected heart rate, wherein high-pass filtering of the filtering generation from the heartbeat waveform sensor is defeated Data out；(d) heart rate of the user is determined；And the heart rate of the user (e) is presented.

In some instances, wherein periodical light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises for using the institute from the motion detection sensor The cyclical component of output data is stated to remove pair from from the heartbeat waveform sensor through high-pass filtering output data Answer the instruction of cyclical component.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for filtering includes for from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor Remove the instruction of the frequency less than about 0.6Hz.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for filtering includes for from the output data from heartbeat waveform sensor Remove the instruction of the frequency less than about 0.3Hz.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises using for determining expected heart rate and from expected heart rate setting In the instruction of the high-pass equipment of filtering.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for determining expected heart rate includes coming from motion detection sensor for analyzing Output data instruction.

In some instances, wherein including for pushing away for analyzing the instruction of the output data from motion detection sensor The instruction of disconnected User Activity level.

In some instances, wherein including for examining for analyzing the instruction of the output data from motion detection sensor Survey the instruction of the intensity of User Activity or the type of User Activity.

In some instances, wherein the instruction of the type for detecting User Activity includes for detecting running, walking, standing The instruction stood, be seated or lain down.

In some instances, wherein the instruction of the intensity for detecting User Activity includes for detecting running or walking Instruction.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises instruction for determining the quiet heart rate of user, and its In for the instruction of filtering include instruction for the frequency for removing the frequency for the heart rate for being approximately less than user.

In some instances, wherein for determining that the instruction of the quiet heart rate of user includes for being waken up at it and still existing It is static on bed just to measure user later¹Heart rate instruction.

In some instances, wherein for determining that the instruction of the quiet heart rate of user includes for the measurement when user sleeps The instruction of user's average heart rate of user.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for determining the quiet heart rate of user includes in user's awakening and static The instruction of multiple measurements of Shi Jinhang user's heart rate.

Present application further provides for a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement comprising：Motion sensor is configured to The output for corresponding to the movement that the user for wearing the body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out is provided；Heartbeat waveform sensor；And packet The control logic of instruction is included, described instruction is used for：(a) collect the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and Output data from the motion detection sensor, wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides The information of heart rate about the user, and wherein the output data from the motion detection sensor is provided about removing The mobile information of the periodical body of the user except heartbeat；(b) institute from the motion detection sensor is determined State the cyclical component of output data；(c) output data of the processing from the heartbeat waveform sensor is from from institute The output data for stating heartbeat waveform sensor removes the cyclical component；(d) it is sensed using from the motion detection The output data of device determines the range of expected heart rate；(e) output data generated from (c) determines the user's Heart rate, wherein the heart rate of the determination is present in the range of expected heart rate；And the heart rate of the user (f) is presented.

In some instances, wherein periodical light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein the instruction of the range for determining expected heart rate includes the finger for performing the following operation It enables：(i) heart rate of user is determined when the output data instruction user from motion detection sensor is substantially static；(ii) from The cyclical component of output data from motion detection sensor determines the activity level and/or Activity Type of user；And (iii) User Activity determined from the user's heart rate determined in (i) and in (ii) is horizontal and/or Activity Type is determined and is expected The range of heart rate.

In some instances, wherein the instruction of the Activity Type for determining user includes passing for always autokinesis detection The instruction for manually typing in selection of the information inference Activity Type or detection Activity Type that contain in the output data of sensor.

In some instances, wherein the instruction of the range for determining expected heart rate includes passing for always autokinesis detection The output data of sensor determines the instruction of the cadence of user.

In some instances, wherein the instruction for determining the heart rate of user includes for calculating the output generated in (c) The instruction of the spectral density of data.

Present application further provides for a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement comprising：Motion sensor is configured to The output for corresponding to the movement that the user for wearing the body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out is provided；Heartbeat waveform sensor；And packet The control logic of instruction is included, described instruction is used for：(a) collect the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and Output data from the motion detection sensor, wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides The information of heart rate about the user, and wherein the output data from the motion detection sensor is provided about removing The mobile information of the periodical body of the user except heartbeat；(b) institute from the motion detection sensor is determined State the cyclical component of output data；(c) the output number from the heartbeat waveform sensor is handled according to working cycles According to wherein the processing includes removing the cyclical component from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor； (d) heart rate of the user is determined；And the heart rate of the user (e) is presented.

In some instances, wherein periodical light source is LED.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises for user's input by receiving request heart rate measurement The instruction in triggered activity stage.

In some instances, wherein control logic further comprises for the period per minute in (a) in working cycles The output data from heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from motion detection sensor are collected in about 5 to 15 seconds Instruction.

In some instances, in addition wherein control logic includes instruction for performing the following operation：Detection user attempts Read heart rate；And temporarily stop working cycles.

In some instances, wherein control logic includes instruction for performing the following operation：Analysis comes from motion detection The output data of sensor is to infer low activity level；And temporarily stop working cycles.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 illustrates the example portable monitoring device for realizing user's interaction via user interface.

Fig. 2A illustrates that the example portable monitoring device of user can be fastened to via belt is used.

Fig. 2 B provides the view of the example portable monitoring device of Fig. 2A, shows the portion towards skin of described device Point.

Fig. 2 C provides the cross-sectional view of the portable monitoring device of Fig. 2A.

Fig. 3 A provides the cross-sectional view of the sensor protrusion of example portable monitoring device.

Fig. 3 B describes the cross-sectional view of the sensor protrusion of example portable monitoring device；This protrusion is similar to institute in Fig. 3 A The protrusion of presentation, only light source and photoelectric detector are placed on flat and/or hard PCB.

Another cross-sectional view of Fig. 3 C offer example PPG Sensor Implementation.

The example that Fig. 4 A illustrates a potential PPG light source and photoelectric detector geometry.

Fig. 4 B and 4C illustrate the example with the PPG sensor of photoelectric detector and two LED light sources.

The example that Fig. 5 illustrates the optimized PPG detector with protrusion, the protrusion have curved side in order to avoid making user It does not feel good.

The example that Fig. 6 A illustrates the portable monitoring device with belt；Optical sensor and optical transmitting set can be placed in institute It states on belt.

Fig. 6 B illustrates the example with the portable biometric of display and wrist strap metering monitoring arrangement.In addition, optics PPG (for example, heart rate) detection sensor and/or transmitter can be located on the side of biometric monitoring arrangement.In one embodiment In, these each can be located in Ce Mian An Installed formula button.

Fig. 7 describes user and presses the side of portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement with from Ce Mian An Installed formula optics heart rate detection Sensor carries out heart rate measurement.The display of biometric monitoring arrangement can show whether have detected that heart rate and/or display are used The heart rate at family.

The functionality of Fig. 8 illustrated example biometric monitoring arrangement intelligent alarm feature.

Fig. 9 illustrates to change its mode for detecting user's heart rate based on biometric monitoring arrangement mobile degree experienced Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.

Figure 10 illustrate thereon with bicycle application program portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example, it is described voluntarily Vehicle application program can show the step and other measurements of bicycle speed and/or pedal.

Figure 11 A illustrates the example block diagram of PPG sensor, and the PPG sensor has light source, photodetector, ADC, processing Device, DAC/GPIO and the intensity of light source and ON/OFF control.

Figure 11 B illustrates the example block diagram of the PPG sensor of the PPG sensor similar to Figure 11 A, the PPG sensor volume It is outer to be adjusted using sampling and holding circuit and analog signal.

Figure 11 C illustrates the example block diagram of the PPG sensor of the PPG sensor similar to Figure 11 A, the PPG sensor volume It is outer to use sampling and holding circuit.

Figure 11 D explanation has multiple switchable light sources and detector, the intensity of light source/switch control and circuit for signal conditioning PPG sensor example block diagram.

Figure 11 E illustrates the example block diagram of the PPG sensor using synchronous detection.For the PPG detection for executing this type, tool There is demodulator.

Figure 11 F illustrates the example block diagram of PPG sensor, feature of the PPG sensor except the sensor illustrated in Figure 11 A Except also have difference amplifier.

Figure 11 G illustrates the example block diagram of PPG sensor, and there is the PPG sensor PPG shown in Figure 11 A to KKF to pass The feature of sensor.

Figure 12 A explanation has heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor and is connected to processor Telecommunication circuit portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.

Figure 12 B explanation has heart rate or PPG sensor, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor, position sensor, sea Pull out height sensor, skin electric conductivity/humidity sensor and be connected to processor telecommunication circuit portable biometric metering prison The example of view apparatus.

Figure 12 C illustrate there is biosensor, environmental sensor and the position sensor that is connected to processor it is portable The example of biometric monitoring arrangement.

Figure 13 A illustrates the example that heart rate is measured using motor message and optics PPG signal.

Figure 13 B illustrates another example that heart rate is measured using motor message and optics PPG signal.

The example that Figure 14 A illustrates the sensor with the simulation connection to sensor processor.

The example that Figure 14 B illustrates the sensor with the simulation connection to sensor processor, the sensor processor There is the number connection to application processor again.

Figure 14 C illustrates the reality of the sensor device with the one or more sensors for being connected to application processor Example.

The example that Figure 14 D illustrates the sensor device with the one or more sensors for being connected to sensor processor, The sensor processor is connected to application processor.

The example that Figure 15 A illustrates the swimming detection algorithm using sequential algorithm process.

The example that Figure 15 B illustrates the swimming detection algorithm using parallel algorithm process.

Figure 15 C illustrates the example using sequence and the swimming detection algorithm of the mixing of parallel algorithm process.

Figure 15 D illustrates the example using sequence and the swimming detection algorithm of the mixing of parallel algorithm process.

Figure 16 A illustrates the sampling that can be used for PPG sensing and holding circuit and the signal of difference/instrument amplifier example Figure.

Figure 16 B illustrates for PPG sensor using controlled current source come in the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier " biasing " The example schematic of the circuit of electric current.

Figure 16 C illustrates that use sampling and holding circuit for PPG sensor are used to be applied to photodiode (across resistance Before anti-amplifier) current feedback circuit example schematic.

Figure 16 D illustrates the electricity that there is the use for PPG sensor environment light to eliminate functional difference/instrument amplifier The example schematic on road.

Figure 16 E illustrates the circuit using photodiode compensation by the DAC electric current dynamically generated for PPG sensor Example schematic.

Figure 16 F illustrates to compensate the electricity dynamically generated by controlled voltage source using photodiode for PPG sensor The example schematic of the circuit of stream.

It is functional that Figure 16 G illustrates that the environment light comprising using " switched capacitor " method for PPG sensor removes The example schematic of circuit.

Electric current that Figure 16 H illustrates to be generated using photodiode compensation by constant current source for PPG sensor (this and also Constant voltage source and resistor can be used to complete) circuit example schematic.

Figure 16 I illustrates the differencing removed between functional and continuous sample comprising environment light for PPG sensor The example schematic of circuit.

Figure 16 J illustrates the example schematic of the circuit for the differencing between the removal of environment light and continuous sample.

Figure 17 is presented according to some embodiments for patrolling the signal processing for applying motion compensation to heartbeat waveform signal The block diagram collected.

The example for being subjected to the frequency domain heartbeat waveform sensor signal of twice of adaptive-filtering is presented in Figure 18.The top half of figure Show non-filtered signal, and lower half portion shows the same signal after twice of adaptive-filtering.

The curve graph of the typical heart rate for different user Activity Type is presented in Figure 19.

Specific embodiment

The present invention be directed to biometric monitoring arrangement, (it is in this paper and is herein incorporated by reference any with reference to case In be also referred to as " biometric tracking device ", " personal health monitoring arrangement ", " portable monitoring device ", " portable biometric Metering monitoring arrangement ", " biometric monitoring arrangement ", etc.), it may be generally described as wearable device, usually have small Size is designed to relatively continuously be worn by people.When wearing, these biometric monitoring arrangements are collected about wearer The data of the physiological status of performed activity or wearer.This data may include the ambient enviroment or pendant indicated around wearer The data of the interaction of wearer and environment, for example, the exercise data of the movement about wearer, environment light, ambient noise, air matter Amount, etc., and the physiological data that the various physiological properties by measuring wearer obtain, such as heart rate, level of perspiration, etc..

As mentioned above, biometric monitoring arrangement is usually small so that wearer is inconspicuous in size. Fitbit provides all very small and very light several biometric monitoring arrangement, for example, Fitbit Flex is one kind Wrist strap, with insertable biometric monitoring arrangement, it is about 0.5 inch wide multiply 1.3 inches long multiply 0.25 inch.Biology Metering monitoring arrangement is usually designed to that long time period can be worn in the case where no sense of discomfort, and does not interfere normal Daily routines.

In some cases, the available other devices outside biometric monitoring arrangement of biometric monitoring arrangement, For example, can be used to obtain in heart rate data or smart phone in the external heart rate monitor of the EKG forms of sensor on chest strap GPS receiver can be used to obtain position data.In some cases, wired or wireless communication can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement Connection and these communication with external apparatus.It is disclosed herein and discuss concept can be applied to independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement with And using the sensor or functionality being provided in external device (ED) (for example, external sensor, the sensor provided by smart phone Or it is functional, etc.) both biometric monitoring arrangements.

In general, concept discussed herein may be implemented in independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement and (in due course) benefit With in the biometric monitoring arrangement of external device (ED).

It should be understood that being in although concept and discussion contained herein is in the context of biometric monitoring arrangement It is existing, but if appropriate hardware is available, then these concepts are also equally applicable in other contexts.For example, many existing It include the motion sensor such as accelerometer being generally contained in biometric monitoring arrangement for smart phone, and if suitable When hardware can be used in device, then concept discussed herein may be implemented in the device.In effect, this can regard as intelligence Can phone be changed into the biometric monitoring arrangement of a certain form (but to measure monitoring arrangement greater than canonical biometric and may not be with The biometric monitoring arrangement that same way is worn).These embodiments are it will be also be appreciated that be within the scope of the invention.

Several distinct methods can be used to provide for functionality discussed herein.For example, in some embodiments, Processor can be controlled by computer executable instructions stored in memory in order to provide functionality as described herein.At it In its embodiment, this functionality can be provided in the form of circuit.In other embodiments again, this functionality can be by being deposited It stores up at one or more of the computer executable instructions control in the memory coupled with the circuit that one or more are specially designed Device is managed to provide.It can be used to implement the various examples of the hardware of concept outlined herein including but not limited to specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), and with store the storage for controlling the executable instruction of general purpose microprocessor The general purpose microprocessor of device coupling.

Independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement can be provided with several form factors, and can be worn in many ways through design It wears.In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be designed to can be plugged into a wearable shell or can be inserted into Into multiple and different wearable shells, for example, wrist strap shell, band clip shell body (belt-clip case), pendant shell, through matching It sets to be attached to the shell of an exercise device such as bicycle, etc..These embodiments are described in greater detail in for example Filed on September 17th, 2013 in the 14/029th, No. 764 U.S. patent application case, the U.S. patent application case is for this purpose It is herein incorporated by reference hereby.In other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be designed only in one way It wears, for example, the biometric monitoring arrangement being integrated into wrist strap in a manner of non-removable can the set wrist for being only worn on people On (or possible ankle).

Measuring monitoring arrangement according to the portable biometric of embodiment as described herein and embodiment can have suitable for coupling To (for example, be fastened to, wear, supported, etc.) body of user or the form and dimension of clothes.Portable biometric metering monitoring The example of device is showed in Fig. 1；The example portable monitoring device can have user interface, processor, biometric to pass Sensor, memory, environmental sensor and/or can be with the wireless transceiver of client and/or server communication.Weared on wrist type is just The example for taking formula biometric monitoring arrangement is showed in Fig. 2A to 2C.This device can have display, button, electronic device envelope Dress and/or attachment strip.Attachment strip can via use shackle (for example, Velcro), buckle and/or with the storage for its shape The belt (for example, via spring metal band is used) of device and be fastened to user.In fig. 2b, it can be seen that for cooperating charger And/or the sensor protrusion and recess portion of data transmitting cable.In fig. 2 c, it shows across the cross section of electron device package.Value It obtains it is to be noted that sensor protrusion, main PCB plate and display.

Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can collect one or more types from embedded type sensor and/or external device (ED) Physiology and/or environmental data, and other devices (number comprising potentially acting as accessible internet is conveyed or be relayed to this information According to the device in source), thus permit for example inspecting collected data using web browser or network-based application program. For example, when user adorns oneself with biometric monitoring arrangement, one or more biometers are can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement Quantity sensor calculates and stores the step number of user.Biometric monitoring arrangement will can then indicate the data transmitting of the step number of user Account, computer, mobile phone on to network service (for example, www.fitbit.com), or in which can store, handle and by The health station of user's observation data.In fact, biometric monitoring arrangement in addition to the step number of user or replace user step number It also can measure or calculate a number of other physiological measurements.These physiological measurements are including but not limited to energy consumption, for example, calorie fires Burning value, the number of floor levels climbed up and/or climbed down, heart rate, changes in heart rate, heart rate restore, position and/or trend (such as via GPS, GLONASS or similar system), rise, speed of walking about and/or travel distance, swimming one way count, stroke type and detects Count, bicycle distance and/or speed, blood pressure, blood glucose, skin conductance, skin and/or body temp, via electromyography The muscular states of measurement, the brain activity measured by electroencephalography, weight, body fat, calorie intake, from food Nutrition intake, drug intake, sleep cycle, such as clock time, sleep stage, sleep quality and/or duration, pH value Level, hydration level, respiratory rate and other physiological measurements.Biometric monitoring arrangement can also measure or calculate with The related measurement of environment around user, such as atmospheric pressure, weather condition are (for example, temperature, humidity, pollen count, air matter Amount, rain/ice-lolly part, wind speed), light exposure (for example, the exposure of environment light, UV light, the time spent in the dark and/or it is lasting when Between), post noise exposure, radioactive exposure and magnetic field.In addition, collecting the biometric monitoring of data flow from biometric monitoring arrangement Device or system can calculate the measurement derived from this data.For example, device or system can be passed via changes in heart rate, skin It leads, the combination of noise pollution and sleep quality calculates the anxiety and/or relaxation level of user.In another example, device or System can be via the combination of drug intake, dormant data and/or activity data come the effect of determining medical intervention (such as drug). In a further example, biometric monitoring arrangement or system can be via pollen data, drug intake, sleep and/or activity datas Combination come the effect of determining allergic drug.These examples are provided only for explanation, and are not intended to be restrictive or detailed 's.The further embodiment and embodiment of sensor device are found in entitled " portable life filed on June 8th, 2011 Object measures monitoring arrangement and its operating method (Portable Biometric Monitoring Devices and Methods Of Operating Same) " U.S. patent application case 13/156,304 and on August 6th, 2012 filed in it is entitled In the U.S. patent application case 61/680,230 of " Fitbit tracker (Fitbit Tracker) ", the U.S. patent application case The full text of the two is incorporated herein by reference hereby.

Biosensor

Biometric monitoring arrangement discussed herein can be used one, some or all of obtain physiology with lower sensor Data, including but not limited to the physiological data summarized in following table.All combinations and arrangement of biosensor and/or physiological data It is set to fall within the scope of the present invention.Biometric monitoring arrangement may include, but are not limited to identified below for obtaining corresponding physiology One of data, the types of some or all of sensors；In fact, can also or alternatively be obtained using other types of sensor Corresponding physiological data is taken, and these other types of sensors are also set falls within the scope of the present invention.In addition, biometric is supervised View apparatus can export physiological data from respective sensor output data, can give birth to derived from the sensor including but not limited to it Manage the number or type of data.

In an example embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include optical sensor to detect, sense, sample And/or it generates and can be used to determine the anxiety (or it is horizontal) for indicating such as user, the data of the information of blood pressure and/or heart rate. (see, such as Fig. 2A to 3C and 11A to KKG).In these embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include optical sensor, Its there is one or more light sources (LED, laser, etc.) with issue or output light to user body and photodetector (photoelectricity two Pole pipe, optotransistor, etc.) with sampling, measurement and/or detect this light from the response or reflection of user's body and provide to determination Indicate the anxiety (or it is horizontal) of user, the number of the data of blood pressure and/or heart rate (for example, for example by using photoelectricity volume diagram) According to.

In an example embodiment, the heart rate measurement of user can be by (or being connected to its by one or more sensors Processing circuit) determine criterion and trigger.For example, when the data instruction from motion sensor is static or has few fortune When the dynamic period, biometric monitoring arrangement can trigger, obtain and/or obtain heart rate measurement or data.(see, such as Fig. 9,12A And 12B).

The photocapacitance on light source (for example, LED) and corresponding photodetector (for example, photodiode) record body can be used Product (PPG) signal.In the case where each cardiac cycle, blood is pumped into periphery by heart.Even if this pressure pulse is arrived at it It is slightly impaired when up to skin, still it is enough to expand artery and parteriole in subcutaneous tissue.By being used to self-luminous second level The illumination pearlite layer skin of pipe (LED) and then measurement transmitting or the light quantity for being reflected into photodiode are drawn to detect by pressure pulse The variation of the volume risen.

In certain embodiments, PPG or other technologies are to measure heartbeat waveform." heartbeat waveform " is typically referred to by user Heartbeat driving blood flow causes or the variation of the signal of any measurement relevant to user's heartbeat driving blood flow.Some In embodiment, the signal of measurement is related with the blood circulation as caused by the heart via circulatory system pump blood, the blood Circulation leads to the cardiovascular driving variation of capillary volume or other parameters.In some embodiments, by photoelectricity volume diagram (PPG) Measure heartbeat waveform.In these embodiments, heartbeat waveform reflects the blood volume variation in capillary, heartbeat with user and Pulse (the artery palpation as caused by heartbeat) is related.In some embodiments, the signal Yu heart or ECG signal of measurement Muscle activity is related.In some embodiments, heart beat activity or signal can be measured by ECG to obtain heartbeat waveform.Heartbeat waveform Indicate that the information for being used for one or more cardiac cycles, the information correspond to complete since its generation is to heartbeat next time Heartbeat.The frequency of cardiac cycle is described by heart rate, and heart rate is typically expressed as number of beating per minute.Heartbeat waveform generally comprise about The information in the various stages of heartbeat, such as amplitude, frequency and/or the shape of the waveform in one or more circulations.In many realities It applies in example, heart rate of the heartbeat waveform to obtain user.

Therefore this PPG signal can be used to estimate the heart rate of user.PPG reflection is attributed to the deep variation of the blood volume of heartbeat And it is attributed to the combination of the variation of the deep tissue of object movement and the optical property of device skin interface.In general, popular feeling rate Estimation is in bounce number (bpm) per minute of range 40 to 240.

In one embodiment, when motion sensor indicate User Activity or movement (for example, for triggering, obtain and/or Heart rate measurement needed for obtaining or data (for example, data of the resting heart rate to determine user) improper or not optimal fortune It is dynamic) when, biometric monitoring arrangement and/or sensor to obtain and/or obtain required heart rate measurement or data can be placed in Or it is held in low power state.Because the heart rate measurement carried out during movement may be less reliable and may be by motion artifact Destroy, thus when biometric monitoring arrangement during exercise when, it may be necessary to reduce collect heart rate data sample frequency (thus Reduce power use).

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used instruction User Activity or the data of movement (for example, coming From one or more motion sensors) come the characteristic of heart rate measurement or data needed for adjusting or modify triggering, obtaining and/or obtain (for example, to improve the robustness to motion artifact).For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement receives instruction user and lives Dynamic or movement data, then biometric monitoring arrangement can adjust or modify the sampling to obtain the sensor of heart rate data (for example, in the case where user movement amount is more than a certain threshold value, biometric monitoring arrangement can increase for rate and/or resolution model Big sampling rate and/or increase sampling resolution mode to obtain the sensor of heart rate measurement or data).In addition, biometer Measuring monitoring arrangement can be during these of User Activity or movement period (for example, period that user movement amount is more than a certain threshold value) The sampling rate and/or resolution model of adjustment or modification motion sensor.By this method, when biometric monitoring arrangement is determining or Detect this User Activity or movement when, biometric monitoring arrangement motion sensor can be placed in higher sampling rate and/or compared with High sampling resolution mode is for example to realize the more accurate adaptive-filtering of heart rate signal.(see for example, Fig. 9).

Fig. 9 illustrates to change its mode for detecting user's heart rate based on biometric monitoring arrangement mobile degree experienced Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.The case where detecting movement (for example, via accelerometer is used) wherein Under, user can be considered in " activity " by biometric monitoring arrangement, and high sampling rate heart rate detection can occur to reduce heart rate Motion artifact in measurement.It can be reserved for and/or show this data.Determine that user does not move (or phase in biometric monitoring arrangement To sitting) in the case where, low sampling rate heart rate detection (it does not consume so much power) for measurement heart rate can be appropriate and It can thus be used.

It is worth noting that, for example being obtained by using photoelectricity volume diagram in biometric monitoring arrangement using optical technology In the case where taking heart rate measurement or data, motor message can be used to determine or establish and carry out data by heartbeat waveform sensor Obtain or measure (for example, synchronous detection is without being non-amplitude modulation method) and/or ad hoc approach or technology of its analysis.(see, Such as Figure 11 E).By this method, indicate that the data of user movement or activity can cause biometric monitoring arrangement to establish or adjust It is whole by one or more optics heartbeat waveform sensor data acquisitions used or the type or technology of measurement.

For example, in one embodiment, when motion detector circuit detects or determines biometric monitoring arrangement (for example, if biometric monitoring arrangement determines user's sitting or sleeping), biometric when the movement of wearer is lower than threshold value Monitoring arrangement (or heart rate measurement technology as herein disclosed) is adjustable and/or reduces the sampling rate of optics heart rate sampling. (see for example, Fig. 9).By this method, biometric monitoring arrangement can control its power consumption.For example, biometric monitors Device can reduce power consumption by reducing sensor sampling rate, for example, biometric monitoring arrangement can every 10 minutes it is primary Or every 10 seconds 1 minute Di heart rate is sampled (via heartbeat waveform sensor).It is worth noting that, additionally or alternatively, Biometric monitoring arrangement can be controlled via data processing circuit analysis and/or data analysis technique is controlled according to motion detection Power consumption.As a result, the movement of user may influence heart rate data get parms and/or data analysis or its processing.

Motion artifact in heartbeat waveform sensor inhibits

As discussed above, motion artifact can be removed by using one or more algorithms to be surveyed to improve by PPG sensor The original heartbeat waveform signal of amount.In certain embodiments, using the fortune of the data precise measurement user from motion sensor It is dynamic, and using sef-adapting filter to remove motion artifact from heart rate signal when the movement of user is periodic.It can be used The movement (for determining motion artifact) of sensor measurement user, the sensor including but not limited to accelerometer, gyroscope, Proximity detector, magnetometer, etc..The target of these algorithms is the mobile letter used from capturing as other sensors of guidance Number it is attributable to mobile component (mobile illusion) remove PPG signal.In one embodiment, adaptive-filtering can be used Device is moved based on mixing Kalman filter (Kalman filter) and least-mean-square filter or recursive least-squares filter Except the mobile illusion in PPG signal.It can be then using peak counting algorithm or power spectral density algorithm for estimating from cleaning/through filtering The other feature of signal extraction heart rate or heartbeat waveform.Alternatively, Kalman filter or particle filter can be used to remove this A little mobile illusions.

It is Y=Y that the another method that can be used to calculate heart rate frequency, which is by heart rate signal model creation,_dc+∑a_k*cos kθ+ b_k* sin k θ, wherein k is the order of harmonic component, and θ is the model parameter for heart rate.This model can be then using extension Kalman filter or particle filter and be fitted to signal.This model utilizes following facts：Signal is simultaneously non-sinusoidal, therefore Contain power in both primary harmonic and multiple additional harmonic waves place.

Alternatively, can be Y=Y by signal modeling_dc+∑a_k*sin(k*w_motiont+θ)+∑b_k*sin(k*w_HRT+ φ), wherein w_motionDirectly estimate from accelerometer signal (or another motion sensor signal).

Various technologies can be used to improve motion compensation.It is presented in following sub- chapters and sections some in these technologies.

High bandpass filter

PPG signal tend to have be attributed to other than heartbeat the reason of (for example, breathing, blood into measurement zone or Leave measurement zone movement, change monitoring arrangement orientation user movement) slow variation.Before application sef-adapting filter These slow transformation are removed by carrying out high-pass filtering to PPG signal can improve the performance of sef-adapting filter.Therefore, Mou Xieshi It applies example and the high-pass filter being placed in front of sef-adapting filter is provided.See Figure 17.In some embodiments, high-pass filter Cutoff frequency highly positions as far as possible, but is not higher than expected HR min (being about 40bpm for typical case), because This HPF Cutoff can be placed in the somewhere between about 0.3Hz and 0.6Hz.

In some embodiments, the quiet heart rate of the chosen about user of high pass cut off frequency previously detected, institute Stating quiet heart rate can be determined by multiple technologies.These situations include at least following scenario described.(1) it is waken up at her and is still still in bed User was measured when upper at once¹Heart rate.As described elsewhere, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used other algorithms to detect automatically When user falls asleep/awakens.(2) average heart rate of user is measured when user is in sleep.As example, the quiet heart rate of user The equation of such as peace and quiet HR=sleep HR/0.83 can be used to calculate from sleep heart rate.(3) when user awakens and is static, measurement is used The heart rate at family.In the daytime these measurements several times are being carried out and are calculating the N percentage of the minimum measurement in these measurements (for example, N= 10 or 5 or 2) provide quiet heart rate good approximation.During whole day activity the method for approximate quiet heart rate can further to Calculate the user at different location¹Quiet heart rate.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can calculate at home and work In user 1 quiet heart rate.Other than promoting the use in high-pass filter, this information can be shown with the passing of time The trend be in and worked in quiet heart rate.

High bandpass filter frequency can be set based on the activity level of the detection of user.It is minimum pre- in these embodiments Phase heart rate is based on movable and different；Such as the heart rate that most users will have greater than about 50bpm in walking or running.Cause This, in certain embodiments, PPG handles the work that logic infers user by using such as inertial sensor (for example, accelerometer) It moves to dynamically adjust the frequency cutoff of high-pass filter.With the increase of the activity level of user, logic is such as interpreted by movement Infer, can correspondingly adjust upward HPF Cutoff.In certain embodiments, when processing logic determines that user participates in walking When, proportionally increase HPF Cutoff with cadence, the height above sea level climbed of user etc..The example on the basis of these adjustment It can be seen by the variation of the heart rate of the normal users between running and walking, as shown in Figure 19.

It creates spectrogram heart rate monitor and exports (time domain->Frequency domain)

In the appropriate time of signal processing, logic is handled by time-domain signal and is converted into frequency-region signal, is represented by frequency To the time.The example of Figure 18 presentation frequency-region signal.Although Fast Fourier Transform can be used to execute transformation for processing logic, other Technology can be suitable.Example includes wavelet transformation and scramble spectral transformation.

Movement compensation process

Heartbeat waveform analyze logic can be traced user movement, as detected by device, and apply adaptive-filtering with Motion artifact is removed or reduced when the movement of user is periodic from heart rate signal.In certain embodiments, using accelerometer, Gyroscope or accelerometer and gyroscope measure motion artifact.

In certain embodiments, sef-adapting filter is applied to heartbeat waveform data twice in succession.In other words, The output of a time sef-adapting filter is the input of second time sef-adapting filter.Although usually necessary, logic can Run sef-adapting filter more than twice.It can be used the method with both fundamental frequency and the higher harmonics that remove motion artifact, such as make Measured by such as accelerometer.

In first pass, filter usually removes the fundamental frequency of motion artifact, and at second time, removes second harmonic (or other lower-wattage harmonic waves).For example, user can be walked with the nominal rate of 1Hz in heartbeat waveform sensor signal Middle generation about 1Hz motion artifact.This illusion can be removed in first pass sef-adapting filter, but be not its be nominally 2Hz first Harmonic wave may interfere with the processing of heartbeat waveform signal.Make " to clean " heartbeat waveform signal pass through sef-adapting filter for the second time can The second harmonic of motion artifact is removed with further clean signal.In some embodiments, it does not need further to clean, because Higher harmonics are compared with heart rate signal with lower-wattage and/or in the frequency far from heart rate signal.

The example for being subjected to the frequency domain heartbeat waveform sensor signal of twice of adaptive-filtering is presented in Figure 18.The top half of figure Show non-filtered signal, and lower half portion shows the same signal after twice of adaptive-filtering.It should be noted that removing than true The motion artifact of both high and low frequencies of positive heart rate signal.

Identify heartbeat waveform track

Heartbeat waveform track is the reality as unit of frequency versus time of processed heartbeat waveform sensor output data Continuity point in matter (with it is few or without jump discontinuity) trace.The point of trace can have relative constant power close Degree.

In certain embodiments, after removing motion artifact using sef-adapting filter, the power spectrum of signal is calculated Density.Peak value with crest amplitude may be selected to be the most possible estimation of Current heart rate.Alternatively, such as dynamic programming or more mesh The technology of mark tracking can be used to estimate spectrum in the case where there is other tracks caused by being attributed to movement and its higher harmonics Heart rate ' track ' in figure.In all methods, one or more of some technologies be can be implemented to improve performance：

1. the expected minimum heart rate of user is related in the cadence for the user for walking or running or other step measurements.It is logical The cadence using such as accelerometer measurement user is crossed, heart rate monitor can set the lowest limit of the expection heart rate about user. This is to remove many motion artifact correlation peaks usually occurred in stability at lower frequencies.Similar techniques can be applied to other use The movable rate in family (for example, stroke, bicycle trample step and other movable rates described herein).

2. the expected minimum heart rate of the user of bike riding is related with the speed of user's bike riding and the gradient.By using step Sensor, GPS or other velocity measurement sensor measuring speeds are adjusted, and uses altimeter, GPS or other elevation carrection sensors The gradient is measured, heart rate monitor can set the relatively lower limit of the expection heart rate about user.This is to remove usually compared with low frequency The many motion artifacts occurred at rate.

3. relatively lower limit about expected heart rate can also based in accelerometer's signals different characteristic (such as general power, one or Power etc. in the standard deviations of multiple axis, special frequency band) it calculates.Higher total accelerometer power or one or more axis it is higher Standard deviation usually causes the people of aggravating activities of higher heart rate related with participation.

4. the minimum heart rate of the user of walking, running or bike riding is also above the fixed heart rate of user.This is fixed not Aroused in interest rate can the calculating when user is static or when he or she sleeps, and be used as about heart rate relatively lower limit (individually Or additional another mechanism (for example, expected HR min of the current active mode of user) for determining compared with lower limit).

5. other sensor (such as inertia on device can be used in the activity pattern (such as walking, running and bike riding) of user Sensor) it calculates automatically, or can manually be keyed in by user.

Determine the quality of heart rate estimation

In certain embodiments, at output of the signal processing logic by measuring heartbeat trace compared with background power The magnitude of power spectrum density calculates the quality of heart rate estimation.This monitor can then provide this to user as feedback.Instead Feedback can take various forms.In an example, the confidence level about the degree that may believe that heart rate estimation is presented.In another reality In example, the instruction for improving the generation of the following heart rate measurement is provided.For example, it can present about whether user needs Body raises storing and the tightness of engagement positions to reach the information of better signal.Other details are presented in the discussion of Figure 17.

Example architecture for the motion compensation in heartbeat waveform sensor

The example architecture (and associated process stream) of multi-motion compensation heartbeat waveform sensor is presented in Figure 17.Describing Example in, signal processing logic receive two input signals：(1) the heartbeat waveform signal from such as PPG sensor 1703 And (2) motion detection sensor 1705 exports.Original output of the frequency sample that can be defined from heartbeat waveform sensor, and Can buffered samples with for handling together.Similarly, sampling and storage motor message.In certain embodiments, it is arrived with about 20 The sample at rates heartbeat waveform sensor and/or motion detection sensor of 200Hz or about 20Hz to 60Hz export.In certain implementations In example, heartbeat waveform sensor and motion detection sensor output are sampled with identical frequency.In an example, it is sampled with 25Hz Two signals.Output is rewritten a limited number of times stored in buffer 1707 and 1709 but regardless of sampling rate.

In some embodiments (for example, embodiment depicted in figure 17), one or more additional inputs are provided to fortune Dynamic compensation logic.In some embodiments, additional input is that User Activity is horizontal or Activity Type, such as always autokinesis sense The output data of device or other sensors is inferred or manually sets detection from what user carried out.It can be used for this purpose and come from example Such as output of motion detection sensor device sensor.Depicted in figure 17 in framework, signal processing logic uses use The current state (for example, fixed, participation is movable 1, participation activity 2 etc., seeing frame 1733) at family and sometimes referred to as step User Activity rate (see frame 1735).In some embodiments, Activity Type/state of user is optional.In addition to fixation Except motionless, the example of Activity Type includes walking, running, bike riding etc..In some embodiments, device includes periodically Movement rate calculator calculates the cadence or other cycle movement rates of user.It is used at the various stages in the process Cycle movement rate.

In some embodiments, it can individually handle through buffering heart rate and motion sensor output.In other embodiments, Previously it is handled together in movement compensation process through buffering heart rate and motion sensor output.It is set what is used by the framework of Figure 17 In meter, two are subjected to identical " pretreatment " operation through Buffer output sample (see frame 1711).The example of these pretreatment operations Involve noise reduction comprising bandpass filtering, high-pass filtering, low pass filtered.As example, the filter of the slowly varying component by removing output Two kinds of sample is filtered, which introduce the challenges of signal processing, as explained above.In instances, two letters Number it is subjected to identical pretreatment, but it is not combined.

In some embodiments, pretreatment frame 1711 is based on User Activity level as described above or Activity Type is dynamic Select to state cut-off high-pass equipment.The input from 1733 and 1735 can be used for this purpose.As example, correspond to every point The high pass cutoff of the 0.7Hz of clock 42 times bounce numbers can be applicable to some User Activities but not be suitable for other User Activities.Cause This, in some embodiments, algorithm attempts to determine the current active of user, and selects to be used for the movable appropriate cutoff frequency Rate.In an example, algorithm determines the cadence of user from motion sensor output data, and selects appropriate high pass using cadence Cutoff frequency.

Depicted in figure 17 in embodiment, signal processing logic buffers pretreated heartbeat wave in buffer 1713 Shape sensor signal, and pretreated motion sensor signal is buffered in buffer 1715.In certain embodiments, Mei Yihuan Device is rushed to save from about 1 to 40 seconds or from about 5 to 20 seconds data samples.In an example, buffer saves about 10 seconds numbers According to.

In certain embodiments, signal processing logic includes to handle heartbeat waveform number for the different characteristics based on data According to different channels.These characteristics may depend on the characteristic deduction of user or set by user, and the characteristic is in some situations Under dynamically change.The example of these characteristics include User Activity type, User Activity horizontal (for example, step or cadence), Time of day, week period, position etc..Depicted in figure 17 in embodiment, characteristic is Activity Type and/or level (example Such as, cycle movement rate).As shown, movable logic of authentication frame 1717 receives state (from frame 1733) and the user of user Step (from frame 1735) as input.Activity identifies the form that frame can be considered as multiplexer.Signal processing logic uses Other information in this information or other embodiments is to select channel.In some embodiments, logic is based on from device The user input selection channel of user interface, the user interface may be provided on biometric monitoring arrangement or auxiliary device. If device detects that user enters AD HOC (such as " bike riding "), processing logic can be determined to contain bike riding Movable channel application is to handle heartbeat waveform.In described embodiment, there are three channels：" static " channel, " first is living It is dynamic " channel and " the second activity " channel.The example of active process channel includes channel for walking/running, for exercise Channel and/or the channel for being used for certain types of exercise (for example, bike riding, swimming, elliptical exercise, rock-climbing, tennis etc.).When So, still-mode channel is inferred when sensor exports and suggests that user is usually inactive.In general, two or more may be present Channel.In certain embodiments, there are 2 to 20 channels or 2 to 10 channels or 2 to 5 channels.

In each in the channel, the time-domain signal obtained from sensor is converted into frequency domain by signal processing logic to be believed Number.In described embodiment, this situation is completed at logical box 1719 still-mode channel, for the first active channel It is completed at logical box 1723, and the second active channel is completed at logical box 1725.

As example, still-mode channel can be implemented as follows.Firstly, the movement based on user determines still-mode.If User not yet moves during nearest time window (for example, 5 minutes) or only slightly moves, then processing logic is (for example, frame 1717) static for being further processed the purpose through buffer sensor output data for user and being considered as.In this channel, logic Assuming that motion artifact is not present, therefore processing is simplified compared with the processing of other channels.

Some or all of some operations can be performed in static channel and one or more other " activity " channels：

A. execute Fast Fourier Transform or other time domains to frequency-domain transform this situation can provide user heart rate it is initial " estimation ".Before converting herein, all processing are carried out in the time domain.As mentioned, the frame 1719 of Figure 17 is held in static channel This operation of row.

B. the heart rate track in the frequency spectrum designation through the output data filtered from heartbeat waveform sensor is identified.It can be such as This process of execution described above.In certain embodiments, by excluding the expected horizontal presumption lower than User Activity type Heart rate track executes this situation.Under the situation of still-mode channel, this level is about 30 bounces number per minute.

C. optionally make the time change heart rate of estimation smoothly to provide smooth output heart rate.The skill of fields can be used Many difference smoothing filters known to art personnel execute smooth.Depicted in figure 17 in embodiment, optional smoothing logic Frame 1727 keeps time-varying heart rate signal smooth using the input from frame 1733 (User Status) and 1735 (user's steps).

D. in some embodiments, " the confidence for the heart rate value that signal processing logic assessment is determined from movement compensation process Degree ".In the embodiment of Figure 17, logical box 1729 marks this assessment.As explained elsewhere herein, confidence level can be by various skills Any one of art determines.In a method, information contained in heartbeat waveform sensor is used；For example, sensor Output data signal-to-noise ratio.When detecting low signal-to-noise ratio, confidence level is low；When detecting high s/n ratio, confidence level is higher.

E. in general, signal processing logic by the heart rate calculated is presented to the user complete its to through buffer heart rate wave The processing of graphic data.See the logical box 1731 in Figure 17.In certain embodiments, signal processing logic is by heart rate value and presentation Heart rate in the confidence level of calculating be presented to the user.In some cases, logic is presented heart rate value and for adjusting device Position with improve subsequent heart rate calculate in confidence level recommendation.As example, logic can suggest more tightly wearable device or will It is worn on higher position on the forearm of user.

Heart rate information can be presented to the user (visually, audibly, tactile etc.).It can be via biometric monitoring arrangement And/or associated auxiliary device (for example, pairing phone, table, computer or other processing units) provides information.In some realities It applies in scheme, is designed via " one-touch " heart rate monitor and information is provided.See application in such as on January 1st, 2014 and full text is to quote No. 14/154,009 U.S. patent application case being incorporated herein of mode.

Then refer to the first activity pattern channel, the example that the processing for this mode can be implemented as follows.Initially, based on use The movement at family determines the first activity pattern.Many criterion can be used to determine the activity pattern of user.In minimum level, device is answered It receives and suggests that user participates in a certain activity and is not fixed sensor output.In typical embodiments, motion-sensing Device output shows that the limbs of user or user are mobile with reasonable rate.Alternatively, processing logic can be dependent on from the manual of user Input, instruction user participate in the first activity.It starts to handle the output data through buffering via the first active channel, but regardless of How signal processing logic (for example, frame 1717) determines that user participates in the first activity.In this channel, logic is assumed to exist should be The heart rate for calculating user removes before or the motion artifact of reduction.Otherwise, Channel Processing can be with the Channel Processing class of static channel As implement.

Sef-adapting filter can be used to remove or reduce motion artifact from time-domain signal for first active channel.See the reality of Figure 17 Apply the frame 1721 in example.In certain embodiments, sef-adapting filter attempts from the pre- measuring heart-beat wave of motion sensor output data Shape sensor output data.This situation determines the motion artifact in the output of heartbeat waveform sensor, because motion artifact two defeated Unique component common to signal out.It states in another way, sef-adapting filter subtracts motion artifact from heart rate output signal With offer " cleaning " heart rate output data.The example of workable adaptive-filtering includes least means square and recurrence minimum two Multiply filtering.Optionally, processing logic makes cleaning heartbeat waveform output signal pass through sef-adapting filter for the second time, as solved above It releases.The example of workable other movement compensating algorithms includes dynamic programming and multiple target tracking.It as mentioned, can be to heartbeat wave Shape signal is more again to use movement compensation process twice.Motion sensor output for motion compensation can indicate a variety of user's bodies Any one of movement.Example include Periodic iimb mobile (for example, ankle rotation when walking, stroke, cycling) and Aerobic machine (for example, stationary bike, sprint and elliptical machine) on leg it is mobile.

Usually as described above, heartbeat waveform signal in the first active channel be further processed can proceed with it is quiet Only channel.However, more complicated processing can be used in identification heartbeat track.It is hereafter the operation that can be used in the first active channel.

A. user's heart is obtained from the time domain data output from sef-adapting filter using FFT or other frequency domain switch technologies " estimation " of rate.See the frame 1723 of the position in the embodiment of Figure 17 for this operation.

B. the heart rate track in the frequency spectrum designation through the output data filtered from heartbeat waveform sensor is identified.See figure Frame 1724 in 17 embodiment.In certain embodiments, by excluding the expected horizontal presumption lower than User Activity type Heart rate track executes this situation.Under the situation of still-mode channel, this level is about 40 bounces number per minute.In some realities It applies in scheme, logic creates or using the expection heart rate frequency band for each Activity Type and/or activity level, and for any Given Activity Type, excludes all potential hearts rate except band.The example that can be used to define the information of band includes the use inferred Family Activity Type, cadence and the output of the sensor of definition are (for example, the GPS velocity in bike riding, the height for cycling Meter variation).In certain embodiments, the fixed heart rate of user had been greater than it (previously for any movable minimum heart rate band It determines).

C. make estimation smoothly to obtain smooth output heart rate.

D. " confidence level " of assessment output heart rate.This process is optionally using the user movement such as determined by various process. Its signal-to-noise ratio that can be optionally exported using motion sensor.

E. the heart rate of calculating is presented to the user.It can be with the level of confidence of improving confidence level for adjusting setting position And/or recommend that this information is presented together.User (visually, audibly, tactile etc.) can be presented information to.It can be via biology It measures monitoring arrangement and/or associated auxiliary device (for example, pairing phone, table, computer or other processing units) provides Information.In some embodiments, it is designed via one-touch feeding heart rate monitor and information is provided.See that such as on January 1st, 2014 applies And No. 14/154,009 U.S. patent application case that full text is incorporated herein by reference.

As mentioned, additional activities channel, such as channel associated with the frame 1725 in Figure 17 can be used.In many realities It applies in scheme, extra channel uses the variation on the first active channel depicted in figure 17.Variation may include minimum and maximum The position on the boundary on the heart rate of calculating, and how logic is energetically filtered the signal from heartbeat waveform sensor.

Control logic is usually but not necessarily located at body-building monitoring to implement heartbeat waveform processing described herein On device.The implementable control logic is hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.It is said that may be mentioned by " programming " For instruction.This programming is interpreted as comprising the hard-coded logic in digital signal processor and having comprising any type of logic It is embodied as other devices of the special algorithm of hardware.Programming is also interpreted as comprising can be performed in the software on general processor or consolidate Part instruction.Execute the data that are used when instruction described herein by control logic can by can it is completely resident on device or Part resides on the storage such as associated memory, register on pairing auxiliary device (for example, buffering).Below in reference to for example The example that Figure 11 A to 11G, 12A to 12C, 13A to 13B and 14A to 14D present the suitable architecture for implementing control logic.

In some embodiments, control logic includes processor, chip, card or plate or these combination, and it includes be used for Execute the logic of one or more control functions.In some embodiments, it is stored in for controlling the instruction of heartbeat waveform sensor It is provided on memory device associated with body-building monitoring arrangement or via network.The example of suitable memory device includes partly to lead Body memory, magnetic storage, optical memory etc..Computer program code for controlling heartbeat waveform sensor can example Such as readable programming language of any conventional computer of assembler language, C is write.The object code or foot of compiling are executed by processor This is to execute identifying in a program for task.

Working cycles in heartbeat waveform sensor

Rating of set can be saved by the working cycles heartbeat waveform sensor during Rule Activity.Power saving can lead to It crosses and turns off PPG sensor light source and/or photodetector and reached by the operation of reduction signal processing algorithm.Handling logic can Duty cycle sensor light source is to correspond to the working cycles for handling data.

Based on determining active state, heart rate logic determines the frequency for generating new heart rate readings.When be in and high body When movable associated active state, logic can continually determine heart rate (for example, every one second).However, when being not involved in acutely When body movement, new heart rate readings less frequently are generated.Because heart rate estimation requires calculating power spectrum density, (it is needed Will be in the PPG data (for example, about 5 to 15 seconds data) in minimum duration), so working cycles logic is it is ensured that most Inscribed logical sensor of small time.In some embodiments, working cycles can be implemented as follows：

1. obtaining enough samples once to calculate heart rate estimation, sensor (light source and photodetector) can be turned off until asking Until seeking next sample.

2. in the case where user initiatively finds the situation of estimation on the screen working cycles can be turned off, and user sees heart rate Instantaneous update.

If 3. user participate in need high-resolution (for example, 1 second resolution ratio) as running or bike riding body movement, Working cycles can so be turned off again.

4. when user is not operated in a manner of requiring frequent updating, device logic switches back to low-power mode, and Heart rate can be measured with low frequency (for example, once every minute).Even if it is interested in receiving update not receive suggestion user in logic Input when, can carry out infrequently heart rate measurement for long-term trend (such as a whole day) use.

5. in certain embodiments, the power by LED light source consumption can be reduced up to 75% using the device of working cycles, And the power that is consumed by signal processing algorithm is reduced up to 90%.

Environment light and the colour of skin

Environment light and the colour of skin may make it difficult to the heart rate from PPG signal extraction user.When can be by being opened from PPG light source The value for receiving detection optical signal subtract receiving the value for detecting optical signal and reducing the shadow of environment light when PPG light source is closed Ring (it is assumed that two signals were obtained in the time in close proximity to each other).

Can by change PPG light source intensity, from light source issue light wavelength and/or by using correspond to two not The ratio or difference of the received signal of co-wavelength and the influence for reducing the colour of skin.It can be inputted by using user (for example, user keys in Its colour of skin), the image of human face etc. determines the colour of skin, and then then can come calibration algorithm, light-source brightness, light source using the colour of skin Wavelength and receiver gain.It can also be by sending light source for the signal with known amplitude and then measuring from photoelectric detector The signal received measures influence of the colour of skin (and compactness of user's wearable device) to original PPG signal.Such signal can It sends up to the extended time cycle (to capture data via multiple expected heartbeats) and is then averaging to generate and be not dependent on The stable state data group of heart rate.This amplitude can be determined then to algorithm calibration, hair compared with the class value being stored in table Emitter amplitude and receiver gain.

Estimate to improve using the heart rate of heuristic

After the initial estimation (for example, being estimated by peak counting or power spectral density) for obtaining heart rate, it can be used for Boundary is applied to the permissible rate of heart rate.It can be for these boundaries of each user optimization, because each user will have uniquely Heart rate overview.For example, its sitting heart rate can be estimated when each user is fixed, and when this can be used as user's walking Lower limit.Similarly, the half of the walk frequency such as calculated from pedometer may act as the good lower limit for being expected heart rate.

Algorithm of heart rate can customize for each user, and can learn user heart rate overview and be suitable for user behavior and/ Or characteristic is so as to expressively more preferable over time.For example, the algorithm can be right based on historical data from the user Heart rate or walking rate during given body activity set boundary.This can be broken in heart rate data by noise and/or motion artifact Bad when, provides better result.

HR quality metric

In another example embodiment, the standard of signal produced by heart rate/PPG signal signal quality metrics can be used to provide The quantization of exactness/accuracy.Depending on this measurement value, determine user heart rate (or such as breathing other PPG export degree Amount) algorithm can take certain movements, comprising allow user tense watchband, ignore collected heart rate data certain parts (for example, Data segment with low quality metric), and certain parts of heart rate data are weighted (for example, having better quality measurement Data can give bigger weight when calculating heart rate).

It in one embodiment, can following sending out signals quality metric：Scatter diagram is drawn, wherein x-axis is time, and y-axis For the frequency of the peak value in the PPG signal of that given time.Being using this strategy problem to be overcome can in given time There can be multiple and/or zero peak value.Line of best fit captures linear relationship in this scatter diagram.High-quality signal should have good It is fitted to one group of peak value of line (in short time span) well, and bad signal will have cannot be described well by line one Group peak value.Therefore, the good measure of the quality of PPG signal itself is provided to the fit quality of line.

Sitting, sleep and activity classification measurement

In yet another embodiment embodiment, when device determine user's sitting or it is sleeping when, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used Sensor calculates changes in heart rate.Herein, biometric monitoring arrangement can be with higher rate sampling mode (relative to non-sitting week Phase or User Activity period beyond predetermined threshold) operation sensor to be to calculate changes in heart rate.Biometric monitoring arrangement (or it is outer Part device) it can be used changes in heart rate as the indicator of health of heart or anxiety.

In fact, in some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can user's sitting and/or it is sleeping (for example, such as by Biometric monitoring arrangement detection and/or determine) when measure and/or determine user tensional level and/or health of heart.This hair Instruction changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, body temperature can be used in some embodiments of bright biometric monitoring arrangement And/or the sensing data of heart rate determines the tensional level of user, the health status (for example, the risk of fever or flu, hair Make, or progress) and/or health of heart.By this method, the processing circuit of biometric monitoring arrangement can determine and/or track with " baseline " tensional level and/or heart " health " over time of the user of time passage.In another embodiment, described Device can wherein user's without motion (or the movement of user is lower than predetermined threshold, for example, when user is just being seated, lies down, fall asleep or When in sleep stage (for example, deep sleep)) one or more periods during measure user physiological parameter.This data can also be by Biometric monitoring arrangement is used as nervous relevant parameter, health-related parameter (for example, the risk or hair of fever or flu Make), health of heart, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, body temperature and/or heart rate " baseline ".

Sleep watchdog

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically detect or determine user just attempt fall asleep, It falls asleep, fall asleep and/or wake up from sleep cycle.In these embodiments, biosensor is can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement Obtain data, and the data processing circuit of biometric monitoring arrangement can make the sensor collection from biometric monitoring arrangement Heart rate, changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, skin electroresponse, movement, skin temperature and/or temperature data combination correlation to examine It surveys or determines whether user just attempts to fall asleep, falls asleep, falls asleep and/or wake up from sleep cycle.In response, biometric Monitoring arrangement can for example obtain physiological data (type as described herein and in a manner of as described herein) and/or determine The physiological condition (type as described herein and in a manner of as described herein) of user.For example, user movement It reduces or stops combining the reduction of the change of user's heart rate and/or changes in heart rate that can indicate that user has fallen asleep.Changes in heart rate and skin The subsequent change of skin electroresponse can be then by biometric monitoring arrangement to determine the sleep state of user at two or two Transformation (for example, being changed into shallower and/or deeper sleep stage) between the above sleep stage.The movement of user and/or liter The change of high heart rate and/or changes in heart rate can be by biometric monitoring arrangement to determine that user has waken up.

In real time, windowing or batch processing can be used to determine in the transformation for waking, sleeping between sleep stage.For example, The heart can be measured in time window (heart rate increases at the beginning of the window and reduces at the centre of the window (and/or end)) The reduction of rate.Awakening and sleep stage can by hidden Markov model using motor message (for example, reduced exercise intensity), Heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin temperature, skin electroresponse and/or the change of ambient light level are classified.It can be by changing point Algorithm (for example, Bayes change point analysis) determines transition point.It can be by observing the heart rate of wherein user in predetermined continue It is interior to be reduced at least a certain threshold value but the resting heart rate in user (it is for example observed minimum heart rate of the user in sleep) Predetermined margin in period come determine awakening and sleep between transformation.Similarly, can be increased by observing the heart rate of user The transformation between sleep and awakening is determined on to the predetermined threshold for the resting heart rate for being higher than user.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be a component for monitoring the system of sleep, wherein The system includes the auxiliary device (example for being configured to communicate and be adapted for placement in biometric monitoring arrangement near sleeper Such as, alarm clock).In some embodiments, the auxiliary device has to receiving biometric monitoring arrangement to carry out safety Keeping, the shape of communication and/or charging and machinery and/or magnetic interfaces.However, the auxiliary device also can be universally used in biology Measure monitoring arrangement, such as the smart phone without particular design physically to interface with biometric monitoring arrangement.It can be via Wired communication interface or via wireless communication interface and such as bluetooth (including, for example, bluetooth 4.0 and bluetooth low energy agreement), The agreements such as RFID, NFC or WLAN provide the communication between biometric monitoring arrangement and auxiliary device.Auxiliary device may include To the sensor of assisting sleep monitoring or environmental surveillance, such as measurement environment light, noise and/or sound with detection (for example, beaten Snore), the sensor of temperature, humidity and air quality (pollen, dust, CO2, etc.).In one embodiment, auxiliary device can be with Such as external service or server (for example, personal computer) communication of www.fitbit.com etc..Can via it is wired (for example, Ethernet, USB) or wireless (for example, WLAN, bluetooth, RFID, NFC, honeycomb fashion) circuit and to transfer data to auxiliary device And/or the agreement of data is transmitted to realize the communication with auxiliary device from auxiliary device.Auxiliary device can also act as will count It services according to from such as www.fitbit.com or other (for example, such as update of news, social networks, Email, calendar notification Etc. data) etc. external services or server (for example, personal computer, mobile phone, tablet computer) be transmitted to biometric Monitoring arrangement and/or the repeater that data are transmitted to the external service or server from biometric monitoring arrangement.It can make User is executed on one or two device or external service (for example, Cloud Server) with the data from one or two device The calculating of dormant data.

Auxiliary device can be shown equipped with display by auxiliary device obtain data or by biometric monitoring arrangement, External service is transmitted to its data or the group of the data from biometric monitoring arrangement, auxiliary device and/or external service It closes.For example, auxiliary device can show instruction the heart rate of user, the total step number on the same day, activity and/or sleep realization of goal, The data of the weather (measured by auxiliary device or reported by external service for a position) on the same day etc..In another example, Auxiliary device can show the related data of ranking with user relative to other users, such as total all step numbers.In another implementation In example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be shown equipped with display by biometric monitoring arrangement, auxiliary device, external service Or the data that the combination in three sources obtains.First device is equipped with wake-up alarm (for example, vibrating motor, loudspeaking wherein Device) embodiment in, auxiliary device may act as spare alarm (for example, using audio tweeter).Auxiliary device can also have Interface (for example, display and button or touch screen) is with the report on creation, deletion, modification or enabling first and/or auxiliary device Alert device.

Sensor-based ready mode

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically detect or determine if to be attached to user, peace It sets with user and/or is worn by user.User, peace are not attached in response to detecting or determining biometric monitoring arrangement It sets with user and/or is worn by user, biometric monitoring arrangement (or its selected portion) is implementable or is placed in low-power Operation mode, for example, optics heartbeat waveform sensor and/or circuit can be placed in lower-wattage or sleep pattern.For example, exist In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include one or more of photodetector (photodiode, optotransistor, etc.). If under given luminous intensity setting (for example, light relative to the light source sending by the part for biometric monitoring arrangement), One or more photodetectors provide low return signal, then biometric monitoring arrangement data can be explained as referring to showing device not by It wears.After such determination, device can reduce its power consumption at once, for example, by except other device circuits or display it Outer also " deactivated " or adjustment anxiety and/or heart rate detection sensor and/or the operating condition of circuit are (for example, by reducing light source And/or detector working cycles or deactivated light source and/or detector, turn off device, display, and/or deactivate or decaying is related Join circuit or part thereof).In addition, biometric monitoring arrangement can periodically determine whether (for example, once per second) should will be tight And/or the operating conditions of heart rate detection sensor and/or associated circuits be restored to normal operating condition (for example, light source, inspection It surveys device and/or associated circuits should be back to normal manipulation mode for carrying out heart rate detection).In another embodiment, biological Metering monitoring arrangement can be after detecting triggerable event (for example, in the movement for detecting device (for example, based on from one Or the data of multiple motion sensors) and/or detect via user's input of user interface (for example, being monitored with biometric The touching of device by, collide or stir interaction) after) restore nervous and/or heart rate detection sensor and/or associated circuits at once Operating condition.In some related embodiments, purpose is saved for power, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in User Activity degree The default rate that its heart rate measurement is collected is reduced to when not high and is for example measured once every minute, and user can have and for example pass through Promoting button and by device be placed on demand or with faster rate (for example, once per second) generate measurement operation mode.

Optical sensor

In one embodiment, optical sensor (source and/or detector) can be placed in the interior of biometric monitoring arrangement Portion or skin side are (that is, the side of the contact of biometric monitoring arrangement, touching and/or user oriented skin is (hereinafter referred to " skin side ")) on.(see for example, Fig. 2A to 3C).In another embodiment, optical sensor can be placed in the one or more of device On a side, comprising skin side and device towards or be exposed to one or more sides (ambient side) of ambient enviroment.(see example Such as, Fig. 6 A is to 7).

It is worth noting that, the data from these optical sensors can indicate physiological data and/or environmental data.It is practical On, in one embodiment, optical sensor provides, obtains and/or detects multiple sides from biometric monitoring arrangement Information, whether be placed on one or more of the multiple side without tube sensor.For example, optical sensor can Obtain data related with the environment light condition of environment.

In the skin side that optical sensor is positioned or arranged in biometric monitoring arrangement, in operation, Light source in biometric monitoring arrangement can shine on the skin of user, and in response, in biometric monitoring arrangement The corresponding light reflected and/or issue of photodetector sampling, acquisition and/or detection from skin (and coming from body interior). One or more light sources and photodetector can be examined by enhancing or optimization signal-to-noise ratio and/or the light source and light is reduced or minimized Array or the mode of the power consumption of device are surveyed to arrange.These optical sensor samplings, acquisition and/or detection physiological data, The physiological data then can be handled or be analyzed (for example, by residing processing circuit) to obtain the heart for indicating such as user Rate, breathing, changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), blood volume, blood glucose, skin moisture and/or cutaneous pigmentation level number According to.

The light of one or more wavelength of the capable of emitting type for having specific to or being directed to physiological data to be collected of light source. Similarly, fluorescence detector sampling, measurement and/or detection also specific to or be directed to the type of physiological data to be collected And/or one or more wavelength of (user's) physiological parameter to be assessed or determining.For example, in one embodiment, send out Provide the light of the wavelength in green light spectrum light source (for example, issue have corresponding to green light spectrum wavelength light LED) and The photodiode for being located to sampling, measure and/or detecting response corresponding with this light or reflect, which can provide, can be used to determine Or the data of detection heart rate.In contrast, issue the light with the wavelength in red spectral light source (for example, issue with pair Should be in the LED of the light of the wavelength of red spectral) and the light source with the light of the wavelength in infrared spectrum is issued (for example, issuing The LED of light with the wavelength for corresponding to IR spectrum) and be located to sample, measure and/or detect the response of this light or anti- The photodiode penetrated, which can provide, can be used to determine or detect SpO₂Data.

In fact, in some embodiments, by the color or wavelength of light source (such as LED (or one group of LED)) light issued It can be modified, adjusted and/or be controlled according to the predefined type or operating condition of acquired physiological data.Herein, adjustable The wavelength for the light that whole and/or control is issued by light source is to optimize and/or enhance the physiological data for being obtained by detector and/or being sampled " quality ".It for example, can be from red by the color of the LED light issued when the skin temperature of user or lower environment temperature Outside line be switched to it is green so as to enhance correspond to cardiomotility signal.(see, such as Figure 11 D).

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can include in the shell window (for example, temporarily to examine, Opaque window) to promote the light emitting between optical sensor and user.Herein, the window can permit such as one or Light (for example, with selected wavelength) is issued to the response on the skin of user and permitting light or reflection via described by multiple LED Window is to back through to be sampled, measure and/or be detected by such as one or more photodiodes.In one embodiment, Circuit related with issuing and receiving light can be placed in the inside of crust of the device and in plastics or glassy layer (for example, being coated with red Outside line ink) or infrared lenses or filter (it is permitted, and infrared light passes through but the light disapproved in people's vision spectrum passes through) Downwardly or rearwardly.By this method, the light transmission of the window can not be seen in human eye.

Light pipe or other translucent constructions can be used to promote light to be emitted to from light source the body of user in biometric monitoring arrangement Body and skin.(see for example, Fig. 4 A is to 5).In this regard, in some embodiments, light can be via these light pipes or other light transmissions Skin of the structure from light source oriented users.Scattering light from user's body can be biological to guiding is returned via same or like structure Measure the optical circuit in monitoring arrangement.In fact, the material and/or optics for promoting low light loss to lose can be used in the translucent construction (for example, translucent construction may include the lens for promoting light to collect, and the part of translucent construction can be coated with reflecting material or neighbour for design The internal reflection that reflecting material is bordering on to promote light in translucent construction), thus improve the signal-to-noise ratio of photodetector and/or promotion subtracts The power consumption of small light source and/or photodetector.In some embodiments, light pipe or other translucent constructions may include selectively Transmitting is with one or more specific or predetermined wavelength light (emission effciency is higher than the emission effciency of the light with other wavelength) Material thus acts as bandpass filter.This quasi-belt ventilating filter can be tuned to improve the signal of specific physiological data type.It lifts For example, in one embodiment, implementable in-mold label or " IML " translucent construction, wherein the translucent construction use has The material of predetermined or required optical characteristics creates specific bandpass characteristic, for example to have being higher than by efficiency for infrared light The light (for example, the light with the wavelength in people's visible spectrum) of other wavelength.In another embodiment, biometric monitoring dress Setting, which can be used, has optically opaque part (comprising certain optical characteristics) and optical clear part (impermeable comprising being different from optics The optical characteristics of bright part) translucent construction.Such translucent construction can be provided via double injection or two step molding process, wherein Optically opaque material and optically transparent material are individually injected into mold.Implement the biometric prison of such translucent construction View apparatus may depend on the light direction of travel across translucent construction and include different optical transmission characteristics for different wave length.Citing comes It says, in one embodiment, optically opaque material can reflect particular range of wavelengths so as to the body more efficiently by light from user Body transmitting returns to photodetector (it can have the different wave length of the wavelength relative to issued light).

In another embodiment, catoptric arrangement can be placed in the visual field of optical transmitting set and/or photodetector.Citing comes Say, have by light from optical transmitting set be directed to user skin and/or from the skin of user be directed to photodetector hole (or warp By execute this by way of advance translucent construction) side can be covered in reflecting material (for example, chromium plating) to promote light transmission.Instead The efficiency that light is transferred to skin from light source and then returns to detector from skin transport can be increased by penetrating material.Optical epoxy can be used Resin or the reflexive cloth hole that applies of other transparent materials filling are to prevent liquid from entering apparatus main body while still allow to damage with low transmission Lose transmitted light.

In another embodiment for implementing translucent construction (for example, the structure for creating or being formed via IML), these light transmission knots Structure may include the mask being made of opaque material, the opaque material limitation one, some or all of light sources and/or detection The aperture of device.By this method, translucent construction, which optionally " defines ", emits light into or from the user's body of its detection light Preferred volume.It is worth noting that, using or implementing other masks to configure in combination with described herein and/or explanation concept； To these all maskings for for example improving photoelectricity volume diagram signal and described herein and/or explanation concept being combined to implement Configure set fall within the scope of the present invention.

In another embodiment, optical transmitting set and/or detector can be configured with via in device outside hole or a system It arranges hole and emits light.This hole or this series of apertures can be filled with light transmitting epoxy resin (such as optical resin).Epoxy resin can shape At light-guiding pillar, allows light to be emitted to skin from optical transmitting set and emit from skin and return to photodetector.This technology also has Following advantages：Epoxy resin can form waterproof sealing, thus prevent water, sweat or other liquid by the hole on device outside into Enter apparatus main body, the hole allows optical transmitting set and detector emit light into biometric monitoring arrangement body exterior and from Biometric monitoring arrangement body exterior receives light.Epoxy resin with high heat conductance can be used to help prevent light source (for example, LED it) overheats.

In any one of translucent construction as described herein, the exposure table of optical device (translucent construction) or apparatus main body Face may include hard japanning, hard dip-coating object or optical coating (such as antireflection, anti-scratch, antifog and/or wavelength band stop (such as Ultraviolet light blocking) coating).These characteristics or material can improve the operation of biometric monitoring arrangement, accuracy and/or durable Property.

The example that Fig. 4 A illustrates a potential PPG light source and photoelectric detector geometry.In this embodiment, two light Source is placed on the either side of photoelectric detector.These three devices are located at wristband type biometric monitoring arrangement (its side face To the skin of user) the back side on it is raised in.

Fig. 4 B and 4C illustrate the example with the PPG sensor of photoelectric detector and two LED light sources.These components are placed In the biometric monitoring arrangement on back side with protrusion.Light-pipe optics connect LED and photoelectric detector and user's skin Surface.Side under the skin, the light from light source can scatter or reflect back into light from the blood scattering in body, some of which In photodetector.

The example that Fig. 5 illustrates the biometric monitoring arrangement with the optimized PPG detector for possessing protrusion, the protrusion With curved side in order to avoid user is made not feel good.In addition, photoelectric detector and LED light are coupled to the skin of wearer The surface of light pipe is coupled to be wavy with the luminous flux maximized between LED and photoelectric detector and light pipe.The user oriented of light pipe The end of skin is also wavy.This profile can make light focusing or defocusing to optimize PPG signal.For example, the profile can make It is light emitted to focus on a certain depth for meeting the region that blood flow occur and position.The vertex of these focuses can be overlapped It is together or very close so that photoelectric detector receives the scattering light of maximum possible amount.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include concave or convex shape in the skin side of device Light is collected by (such as lens) so that light focuses and increased towards the designated volume at the certain depth in skin from the point The efficiency of photoelectric detector.(see for example, Fig. 4 A is to 5).Also use light pipe with selectively in such biometric monitoring arrangement And controllably moulding is carried out to the end of light-guiding pillar and makes it have a degree of cylindricity (example in the case where routing light Such as, nominally the end of light-guiding pillar can be cylindrical surface (or its portion for being defined by the cylinder axis for being parallel to skin side Point)) it can be advantageous (for example, substitution uses axially symmetric lens).For example, in Wrist belt-type biometric monitoring arrangement In, nominally such cylindrical lens can be oriented such that cylinder axis is parallel to the forearm of wearer, this measure can have Limit from the direction for the forearm for being parallel to people enter this lens-like light amount and increase from the direction of the forearm perpendicular to people into Enter the effect of the amount of this lens-like light, because compared with the direction (that is, perpendicular to forearm of user) covered by bandage, environment Light is more likely to the direction (i.e. along the forearm axis of user) never covered by the bandage of biometric monitoring arrangement and reaches sensing Device detection zone, such configuration can by increase by light be transmitted on user's skin from transmitter or in which efficiency and meanwhile reduce Signal-to-noise ratio is improved by photoelectric detector detection or " spuious " light collected.By this method, by photoelectric detector sampling, measurement And/or the signal of detection (is indicated to institute by less stray light and to this light emitted more user's skin/body response Emit the signal or data of the response of light) composition.

In another embodiment, light transmitting epoxy resin may be molded as concave or convex shape to be also provided with for sensor The optical characteristics of benefit.For example, during coating light transmitting epoxy resin, by the top for the translucent construction that the epoxy resin is formed Portion can be shaped as concave surface so that light is more efficiently coupled to translucent construction.

In one embodiment, the component of optical sensor can be positioned in the skin side of device, and arranged or positioning (i) light source and/or the distance between associated detector and (ii) user's skin is reduced or minimized.See such as Fig. 3 A, The cross-sectional view of the sensor protrusion of example portable monitoring device is provided.In figure 3 a, two light sources (for example, LED) are placed To realize that PPG is sensed on the either side of photoelectric detector.Light-locking material be placed between light source and photoelectric detector to prevent Only any light from light source reaches main body of the photoelectric detector without exiting biometric monitoring arrangement first.Flexible transparent layer It can be placed in the lower surface of sensor protrusion to form sealing.This hyaline layer can serve other functions, such as prevent liquid Body enters device at the position for placing light source or photoelectric detector.This hyaline layer can be formed via in-mold label or " IML ".Light Source and photoelectric detector can be placed on flexible PCB.

Such configuration can improve the luminous flux coupling efficiency between the component of optical sensor and user's body.Citing comes Say, in one embodiment, light source and/or associated detector can be placed in flexible or flexible substrate, it is described flexible or Flexible substrate deflection, so that the skin side (it can be made of conforming materials) of biometric monitoring arrangement be allowed to meet It (for example, be not necessarily to extra process) or can be through moulding (or compliance) to meet biometric monitoring arrangement in the normal operating phase Between the shape of body part (for example, the wrist of user, arm, ankle and/or leg) that is coupled to or is attached to so that light source And/or associated detector close to user skin (that is, several between the skin side of device and the neighbouring surface of user's skin Gapless.See such as Fig. 6 A.In one embodiment, light source and/or associated detector can be placed in flat flexible cable On (Flat Flex Cable) or " FFC " or flexible PCB.In this embodiment, flexible or flexible substrate (for example, FFC or Flexible PCB) may be connected in device be mounted with other components (for example, data processing circuit) thereon the second substrate (for example, PCB).The optical module Ke An Installed of different height to flexible substrate difference " finger " and pressed or be fastened to shell table Face, so that optical module is flushed with case surface.In one embodiment, the second substrate can be to be opposite without flexible or inflexibility Substrate is fixed in the device, is mounted with other circuits and component (passive and/or active) thereon.

Another cross-sectional view of Fig. 3 C offer example PPG Sensor Implementation.It is worth noting that, this PPG sensor In there is no protrusion.In addition, liquid gasket and/or contact adhesive are to prevent liquid from entering biometric monitoring arrangement main body.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement may be adapted to be worn or carried by user's body.Including the optics heart In some embodiments of rate monitor, device can be the wrist wearing type such as wrist-watch or bracelet or arm installing type ornament. (see for example, Fig. 2A is to 7).In one embodiment, the optical element of optics heart rate monitor can be located at biometric monitoring dress Top on the inside set or skin side, such as when biometric monitoring arrangement is worn in wrist towards wrist is (that is, optics Heart rate monitor can be adjacent to and towards wrist).(see for example, Fig. 2A to 3C).

In another embodiment, optics heart rate monitor can be located at one or more external or rings of biometric monitoring arrangement On the side surface of border.(see for example, Fig. 6 B and 7).In these embodiments, user can touch optical window with the finger of phase backhand (optical element of optics heart rate monitor is located at its rear) with originate heart rate measurement (and/or other measurements related with heart rate, Such as changes in heart rate) and/or collect can be used to determine user heart rate (and/or other measurements related with heart rate) data. (see for example, Fig. 6 B).In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can pass through the incident light in sense photodiode It is (unexpected) decline and trigger or starting measurement, for example, when the finger of user is placed on optical window.Additionally or alternatively Ground, can by based on infrared ray proximity detector and/or capacitor-type touch/proximity detector (it can be with other detectors Separate) trigger heart rate measurement (or other such measurements).Such proximity detector and/or capacitive touch based on infrared ray Touch/proximity detector can be placed in optical window or thereon and/or functionally, electricity and/or be physically coupled to optical window Mouthful to detect or determine the presence of such as user's finger.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include button, and the button is triggered when pressed or risen Beginning heart rate measurement (and/or other measurements related with heart rate).The button can be placed in very close at optical window in hand Finger facilitates user's push button when being placed on optical window.(see for example, Fig. 7).In one embodiment, optical window can be embedding Enter in promoting button.Thus, when a user presses a button, it can trigger the measurement to the finger by lower button.In fact, can It assigns certain shape of button and/or presses pressure resistance, enhance or optimization button resists the pressure distribution of finger to measure or count According to providing high s/n ratio during acquisition.(undeclared) in other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in intermediate plates, smooth right As, pendant, ankletbangle, band etc. be suitable for wearing physically, clip to or pacify Installed to dress, store in the clothes (for example, pocket In) or be stored in form in ornament (for example, handbag).

In a particular embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include protrusion in the skin side of device or inside. (see Fig. 2A to 6A).When being coupled to user, the protrusion is than peripheral devices main body with engaging skin more energetically.It is real herein It applies in example, optical window or translucent construction (both is all being discussed in detail above) can form a part of protrusion or be incorporated in prominent In rising.The optical transmitting set and/or detector of optical sensor can be positioned or arranged in protrusion near window or translucent construction. (see for example, Fig. 2 B and 6A).As a result, when being attached to the body of user, the window portion of the protrusion of biometric monitoring arrangement Than the peripheral devices main body skin of engaging user more energetically, thus provided between the skin of user and optical window more firm Solid physical coupling.That is, the protrusion can cause durable contact between biometric monitoring arrangement and the skin of user, it can It reduces the amount of the stray light measured by photoelectric detector, reduce the relative motion between biometric monitoring arrangement and user, and/ Or offer is to the improved local pressure of user's skin；All these quality that heart signal of interest can be improved.It is worth note Meaning, the protrusion contain close and/or rigid contact the other sensors benefited from user's skin.These Sensor can other than heartbeat waveform sensor or substitution heartbeat waveform sensor and be included, and including, for example, skin temperature Degree sensor (for example, using by hot epoxy resin be joined to protrusion outer surface optical window or thermal resistor it is non- Contact thermoelectric pile), pulse oximeter, blood pressure sensor, the sensors such as EMG or skin electroresponse (GSR) sensor.

Additionally or alternatively, a part of the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement may include friction enhancing mechanism or material Material.For example, the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement may include multiple raised or sunken areas or part (for example, small convex Block, oncus, groove and/or point).In addition, friction enhancing material is (for example, such as siloxanes isogel sample material or other bullets Property material) it can be placed in skin side.In fact, the device back side made of gel also can provide friction, while also improving and using Family comfort level and prevent stray light from entering.As noted above, friction enhancing mechanism or material can be individually or jointly as herein The described biometric monitoring arrangement with protrusion come using.In this regard, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in device It is in protrusion or upper comprising multiple raised or sunken areas or part (for example, small lugs, oncus, groove and/or point).It is real On border, these raised or sunken areas or part may be incorporated into/be embedded into the window portion of protrusion or on.Additionally or alternatively, Protrusion can be made of friction enhancing material (for example, such as siloxanes isogel sample material) or with the friction enhancing material Coating.It is worth noting that, the use of protrusion and/or friction can be by reducing biometric monitoring arrangement (and thus sensor) In operation (especially user just during exercise) relative to the skin of user movement and improve corresponding to certain parameters The data of (for example, heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, pigmenting of skin, heat flux, blood pressure, blood glucose etc.) obtain The accuracy of measurement taken.

Some or all of the inside of biometric monitoring arrangement or skin side shell can also by metal material (for example, steel, Stainless steel, aluminium, magnesium or titanium) composition.Such configuration can provide structural rigidity.(see for example, Fig. 2 B).In such embodiments, it fills Setting main body can be designed to be low irritability by using low irritability " no nickel " stainless steel.It is worth noting that, using (at least in certain positions) at least slightly can be containing ferrous some type of metal (for example, being ferrous stainless steel grade) It is advantageous.In these embodiments, (wherein it includes rechargeable energy sources (for example, rechargeable for biometric monitoring arrangement Battery)) can be interconnected via connector and charger, the connector using the magnet that be coupled to divalent iron material and by itself It is fastened to biometric monitoring arrangement.In addition, this magnetic properties engaged with base or extension also can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement Depressed place is to promote data transmission.In addition, such shell can provide reinforced electric magnetic screen, optics heartbeat waveform sensor will be enhanced And heart rate data acquisition process/operation integrality and reliability.In addition, skin temperature transducer can for example pass through hot asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin Rouge physical coupling and metal master is thermally coupled to sense the temperature of user.In the embodiment comprising protrusion, sensor can be determined Position provides the thermal coupling of the rigid contact and localization to user's skin near protrusion or in protrusion.

In a preferred embodiment, one or more components of optical sensor (in one embodiment, can be located at protrusion In, and/or in another embodiment, flushed with the surface of biometric monitoring arrangement with can disposing or place) via not leaking Liquid sealing (that is, the method/mechanism for preventing liquid from entering in the main body of biometric monitoring arrangement) and be attached, fix, include and/ Or it is fastened to biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, in one embodiment, by metal (such as, but not limited to stainless steel, aluminium, magnesium Or titanium) or rigid plastics made of the device back side can provide it is hard enough to maintain the structural intergrity of device while adapt to sense The structure of the water-tight sealing of device encapsulation.(see for example, Fig. 2 B to 3C).

In a preferred embodiment, the encapsulation of optical sensor or module can be connected to by pressure sensitive adhesive and liquid gasket Device.See such as Fig. 3 C, another cross-sectional view of PPG Sensor Implementation is provided.It is worth noting that, this PPG is sensed There is no protrusion in device.In addition, liquid gasket and/or contact adhesive are to prevent liquid from entering apparatus main body.For example, such as Fruit is in optical sensor package/need firmer or more durable connection between module and apparatus main body, then spiral shell also can be used Nail, rivet etc..It is worth noting that, the present embodiment also can be used for example Golders (Gore-Tex), o ring, sealant, Optical sensor package/module is fastened or is attached to biometric by the marine glues such as grease or epoxy resin, hydrophobic diaphragm Monitoring arrangement main body.

As discussed above, biometric monitoring arrangement may include be placed on skin side or inside comprising high reflectance The material of characteristic, such as polished stainless steel, reflexive paint and polished plastics.By this method, it is dissipated from the skin side of device The light penetrated can reflect back into skin for example to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of optics heartbeat waveform sensor.In fact, with nonreflective The apparatus main body back side of (or smaller reflectivity) is compared, this effectively increases input optical signal.It is worth noting that, in a reality It applies in example, the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or the color of inside can be chosen to provide certain optical characteristics (for example, anti- Penetrate specific or predetermined wavelength light), to improve the signal about certain physiological data types.For example, in biometric In the case that the skin side of monitoring arrangement or inside are green, it is attributable to the preferred emission of the light of the wavelength corresponding to green light spectrum And enhance the measurement of heart rate.In the case where the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or inside are red, it is attributable to correspond to In the light of the wavelength of red spectral preferred emission and enhance SpO₂Measurement.It in one embodiment, can be according to acquired life It manages the predefined type of data and modifies, adjusts and/or control the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or the color of inside.

Figure 11 A describes the example schematic block diagram of optics heartbeat waveform sensor, wherein skin of the light from light source towards user Skin issues, and this light is sensed from skin/body interior reflection of user by photodetector, and the signal from photodetector is subsequent It is digitized by A/D converter (ADC).The intensity (for example, via light source intensity control module) of light source can be modified to maintain Desirable reflected signal strength.For example, it is full to avoid the output signal from photodetector that the intensity of light source can be reduced With.As another example, it is possible to increase the intensity of light source is to maintain required output valve range for the output signal from photodetector It is interior.It is worth noting that, the active control of system can be via linearly or nonlinearly control method (for example, proportional-integral-differential (PID) control, fixed step size control, predictive control, neural network, lag, etc.) to realize, and it is also usable from device In other sensors derived from information (such as movement, skin electroresponse, etc.).Figure 11 A is provided to illustrate rather than these The embodiment of system is limited to the ADC being for example integrated in MCU or uses MCU in this respect.Other possible embodiments include Using ADC, FPGA, ASIC inside or outside one or more, etc..

In another embodiment, the system with optics heartbeat waveform sensor may be incorporated into sampling and holding circuit and (or wait Imitate object) use with turn off or decay light source to save power when maintain photodetector output.Photodetector is defeated wherein In the vital embodiment of relative changes out (for example, heart rate measurement), sampling and holding circuit can need not maintain light detection The accurate duplication of the output of device.In some cases, sampling and holding can simplify as such as diode (for example, two pole of Schottky Pipe) and capacitor.Sampling and the output of holding circuit can be presented to analog signal and adjust circuit (for example, sarin-base (Sallen- Key) bandpass filter, level shifter and/or gain circuitry) with adjust and amplify the signal in band of interest (for example, For heart or respiratory function, 0.1Hz to 10Hz), it can then pass through ADC digital.See such as Figure 11 B.

In operation, such as those are opened up in the circuit of circuits described herein topology (such as sampling and holding circuit) The DC and low frequency component for removing signal are flutterred, and helps to parse and heart rate and/or the related AC component of breathing.Embodiment also may include Circuit is adjusted for the analog signal of variable gain setting, can be controlled to provide suitable signal (for example, unsaturated).Light The performance characteristics (for example, the climb rate and/or gain band width product) and power consumption of source, photodetector and/or sampling and holding Analog signal can be significantly higher than and adjust circuit to realize the rapid operation circulation of light source.In some embodiments, it is supplied to light source And the power of photodetector can be individually controlled with the power for being supplied to analog signal adjusting circuit to provide excess power saving. Alternatively or additionally, the functionality such as enabling, deactivate and/or shut down can be used to realize that power is saved in circuit.In another reality It applies in example, photodetector and/or sampling and the output of holding circuit can be other than analog signal adjust circuit or substitution simulation Circuit for signal conditioning and be sampled by ADC to control the luminous intensity of light source or measurement physiological parameter of interest (for example, working as mould Quasi- circuit for signal conditioning is when not yet stable after changing luminous intensity setting).It is worth noting that, because physiology of interest is believed It is number small usually relative to the intrinsic resolution of ADC, therefore in some embodiments, it can adjust reference voltage and/or the gain of ADC To enhance signal quality and/or over sampling can be carried out to ADC.In another embodiment, device can be for example, by over sampling, adjustment The reference voltage of ADC and/or gain or numeric only sampling and the output of holding circuit using high resolution A/D C.See for example Figure 11 C.

PPG DC deviates removal technology

In another embodiment, sensor device may be incorporated into difference amplifier to amplify the opposite of the output of photodetector and change Become.See such as Figure 11 F.In some embodiments, digital averaging or digital low-pass filtering letter can be subtracted from the output of photodetector Number.This modified signal can be then amplified, and then it is by ADC digital.It in another embodiment, can be via for example using taking Sample and holding circuit and analog signal adjust circuit and subtract from the output of photodetector and simulate average or analogue low pass filtering letter Number.Be supplied to light source, photodetector and difference amplifier power can be supplied to analog signal adjust circuit power it is independent Ground control is to improve power saving.

In another embodiment, a signal can be subtracted from original PPG signal, and (voltage or electric current depend on particular sensor Embodiment) to remove any biasing in original PPG signal, and therefore increase containing heart rate (or other loop parameters, such as Changes in heart rate) information PPG signal gain or the amplification PPG signal.This signal can be set to default value, base in the factory It is reflexive in the particular skin of user, absorb and/or color and be set to a value, and/or may depend on from ambient light sensing The feedback of device or depending on PPG signal itself analysis and change.For example, if it is determined that PPG signal is deviated with big DC, Constant voltage can be subtracted from PPG signal so to remove DC offset and realize larger gain, therefore improve PPG signal quality.? In this example, DC offset can be due to the environment light from PPG light source arrival photoelectric detector (for example, from the sun or coming from room Intraoral illumination) or from PPG light source reflect light.

In another embodiment, difference amplifier can be used to measure the current poor rather than each signal between previous sample Magnitude.Because the magnitude of each sample is usually more much bigger than the difference between each sample, larger gain can be applied to Each measurement, therefore improve PPG signal quality.The signal can be integrated then to obtain original time domain signal.

In another embodiment, optical detector module may be incorporated into the transimpedance amplifier grade with variable gain.It is such to match Setting can avoid or minimize because of bright environment light and/or be saturated from the bright light that light source emits.For example, transimpedance is put The gain of big device can pass through the variable resistance and/or one group of multiplexing resistor in the negative feedback paths of transimpedance amplifier And automatically reduce.In some embodiments, device can be carried out amplitude modulation by the intensity to light source and then to light detection The output of device is demodulated (for example, synchronous detection) and is incorporated to few optics shielding from environment light.See such as Figure 11 E.? In other aspects, if environment light has enough brightness to obtain heart rate signal, light source can reduce brightness and/or close completely Fall.

It in another embodiment, can be in combination using aforementioned processing technology with the physiological parameter of optical measurement user.See Such as Figure 11 G.This permissible system of topology with low-power measurement state and circuit topology (in where applicable) operation and optionally and Suitable for higher-wattage measuring state and circuit topology.For example, system can use simulation when or sitting fixed in user Circuit for signal conditioning measures physiological parameter of interest (for example, heart rate) to reduce power consumption, but direct in User Activity It is switched to the over sampling formula sampling to photodetector output.

In the embodiment that wherein biometric monitoring arrangement includes heart rate monitor, signal is handled to obtain heart rate measurement It may include filtering and/or Signal Regulation, such as bandpass filtering (for example, Butterworth (Butterworth) filters).To offset letter Such as neural network or climb rate limitation can be used in the convergence of the big transition and/or the improvement filtering that may occur in number Equal nonlinear methods.The data (such as movement, skin electroresponse, skin temperature etc.) of sensor on device can be used to adjust Signal Regulation method used in whole.Under specified operating conditions, it can be carried out by the number to the signal peak in time window It counts or by the basic frequency or second harmonic (for example, via Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) measurement use using signal The heart rate at family.In other cases, such as in user movement the heart rate data obtained, can be to extracted signal and spectral peak Value executes FFT, can be followed by by multiple target tracking device (it, continuing, merge and delete tracking to the frequency spectrum) It is pocessed.In some embodiments, one group of similar operations can be executed to motor message, and output is used for movable identification (for example, sitting, walking, running, sleep, lie down, being seated, cycling, typewriting, elliptical exercise, weight training), it is more to assist Target tracker.For example, with this information it is possible to determine user is fixed and has started to move.This information can be used to preferentially to make tracking after It is continuous to be partially deflected in increase frequency.Similarly, movable discriminator can determine that user has stopped running or just more slowly running, and this Information can be used to preferentially make to track continuation part and be partial to reduce frequency.Single sweep or more scanning multiple target tracking device topologys can be used Realize tracking, such as joint probability data association tracker, multiple hypotheis tracking, immediate neighbor, etc..It can be via Kalman Filter, spline regression, particle filter, Interacting Multiple Model Algorithm etc. complete the estimation and prediction in tracker.Tracking Selector module can be used the output trajectory from multiple spectra tracker and estimate the heart rate of user.The estimation can be taken as maximum Possibility track, track control its for heart rate weighted sum of probability etc..In addition, movable discriminator can influence to obtain heart rate The selection and/or fusion of estimation.For example, if user is sleeping, is being seated, lying down or sitting, prior probability can It can be partial to 40 to the heart rate in 80bpm range；And if user is running, jogs or carrying out other strenuous exercises, Prior probability may be partial to the 90 raised heart rate into 180bpm range.The influence of movable discriminator can be based on the speed of user Degree.When user does not move, estimation can shift to the basic frequency (or obtaining completely by it) of signal.It can be changed based on instruction activity The criterion selection of change corresponds to the track of user's heart rate；It for example, can be excellent if user walks since fixed First selection illustrates the track of the offset towards upper frequency.

The acquisition of good heart rate signal can carry out wired via biometric monitoring arrangement or with biometric monitoring arrangement Or the display on another device (for example, the mobile phone for being equipped with bluetooth low energy) of wireless communication is indicated to user.? In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include S meter, by can be by the pulse for the LED that user inspects To indicate.Pulse can be timed or related with consistent with the heartbeat of user.Intensity, pulse rates and/or the color of LED can be through repairing Change or adjusts to imply signal strength.For example, brighter LED intensity can indicate stronger signal or in RGB LED Configuration, green LED can indicate stronger signal.

In some embodiments, energy (for example, quadratic sum) of the signal in the frequency band of such as 0.5Hz to 4Hz can be passed through To determine the intensity of heart rate signal.In other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can have, may be incorporated into or construction is to shell And/or strain gauge, pressure sensor, force snesor or the other contact indication sensors in belt (are monitored in biometric and are filled Set be attached to belt (such as wrist-watch, bracelet and/or armband) or with belt (its can be then secured to those of user) An Installed implement In example).The data from these contact sensors can be solely based on or calculate signal in conjunction with the data from heart rate signal Quality metric (for example, heart rate signal quality).

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can via photodetector array (such as photodiode or The grid of CCD camera) heart rate is monitored optically.Can via the signature tracking to skin and/or using accelerometer and The adaptive motion of gyroscope corrects to track movement of the Optical devices relative to skin.Detector array can with skin contact or Small distance is deviated from skin.Can actively control (for example, passing through motor) detector array and its associated optics with It maintains the stabilization image of target and obtains heart rate signal.Information or figure from motion sensor (for example, gyroscope) can be used Realize that this optical-mechanical is stabilized as feature.In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can be used, illuminates skin Coherent or incoherent light source and photodetector array (wherein each photoelectric detector with for compared between adjacent detector Intensity (to obtain so-called spot pattern, a variety of image trace technologies can be used to be tracked, such as light stream, template Match, Edge track etc.) comparator it is associated) implement relative motion elimination.In this embodiment, for the light of motion tracking Source may differ from the light source for optics heart rate monitor.

In another embodiment, multiple photoelectric detectors that biometric monitoring arrangement can be distributed by the surface along device And photophore (photoemitter) composition, described device touch the skin of user (that is, the skin of biometric monitoring arrangement Side).(see for example, Fig. 2A to 6A).For example, in the example of bracelet, it may be present and be placed on along belt internal circumference Multiple photoelectric detectors and photophore in each site.(see for example, Fig. 6 A).Heart rate signal matter associated with each site Metric may be calculated to determine best or one group of best site for estimating user's heart rate.Then, it can deactivate or turn off institute It is some for example to reduce power consumption in rheme point.Device can periodically check some or all of site place Heart rate signal quality is to enhance, monitor and/or optimize signal and/or power efficiency.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include heart rate monitor system, and it includes such as optics, sound Multiple sensors such as, pressure, electricity (for example, ECG or EKG) and movement, and merge the two or two in these sensors Information more than person is to provide the estimation of heart rate and/or mitigate the noise by exercise induced.

In addition to heart rate monitor (or the monitoring of other biometrics) or substitute heart rate monitor (or the monitoring of other biometrics), In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include that optical sensor is sudden and violent to be tracked based on striation part or detect ultraviolet light Dew, the time of whole outdoor optical exposures and duration, the duration of the type of light source and light source and intensity, (fluorescent light was sudden and violent Dew, incandescent light exposure, halogen, etc.), to TV exposure (based on light type and flashing rate), user indoors or exist Outdoor, time of day and position.In one embodiment, ultraviolet light detecting sensors can be by being driven to the reverse bias of photodetector LED emitter composition.For example, thus detector generate photoelectric current feature can be measure LED capacitor (or substitution Ground, parallel capacitance) electric discharge the time it takes.

All optical sensors discussed herein are used in combination with other sensors to improve data as described above Detection or the detection to reinforce other types of physiology or environmental data.

In the case where biometric monitoring arrangement includes audio or passive acoustic sensor, device can contain one or more Passive acoustic sensor, detect sound and pressure and may include, but are not limited to microphone, piezoelectric film etc..Acoustic sensor can pacify It sets on one or more sides of device, the side (ring comprising touching or side (skin side) and Environment Oriented towards skin Border side).

Skin side acoustics or the detectable any kind of sound issued via body of audio sensor, and these sensors Can by optimize these sensors noise when the array of both power consumptions or mode and arrange.These sensors are detectable to exhale Inhale (for example, by listening attentively to lung), Breathiness (for example, breathing, snoring) and problem (for example, sleep apnea, etc.), heart rate The voice (passing through the sound that body issues via from vocal cords) of (listening attentively to heartbeat), user.

Biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention also may include skin electroresponse (GSR) circuit to measure the skin pair of user The response of mood and physical stimulation or physiological change (for example, transformation of sleep stage).In some embodiments, biometric is supervised View apparatus can be wrist or Shou Bei An Installed formula device, be incorporated to the belt made of conductive rubber or fabric so that skin pricktest is rung Answer electrode that can be hidden in belt.Because skin pricktest response circuit can suffer from changing temperature and environmental condition, It also may include to realize the circuit calibrated automatically, such as two or two with application on human skin/electrode path in parallel or series Changeable reference resistor above, allows the real-time measurement to known resistance device to characterize the response of skin pricktest response circuit. Reference resistor can be switched on and off in measuring route so that can be independently and/or with the resistance of application on human skin simultaneously to it It measures.

For executing the circuit of PPG

PPG circuit can be optimized to obtain best quality signal, and independent of a variety of environmental conditions, including but not limited to fortune Dynamic, environment light and the colour of skin.Following circuits and technology can be used to execute this optimization (see Figure 16 A to 16J)；

It can be used for sampling and holding circuit and the difference/instrument amplifier of PPG sensing.Output signal is with reference to given Voltage it is current between previous sample through amplify it is poor.

Controlled current source to precompensation " biasing " electric current in transimpedance amplifier.This allows to amplify in transimpedance Larger gain is applied at device grade.

For being applied to the sampling and holding circuit of the current feedback of photodiode (before transimpedance amplifier). This can be used for the removal of environment light, or " biasing " electric current removes, or is used as pseudo-differential amplifier (may need double track).

Difference/the instrument amplifier eliminated with environment light.

Compensate the photodiode by the DAC electric current dynamically generated.

Compensate the photodiode of the electric current dynamically generated by controlled voltage source.

The environment light of " switched capacitor " method of use removes.

Compensate the photoelectricity two of the electric current (can also complete by constant voltage source and resistor) generated by constant current source Pole pipe.

Differencing between the removal of environment light and continuous sample.

Figure 16 A illustrates the sampling that can be used for PPG sensing and holding circuit and the signal of difference/instrument amplifier example Figure.It is poor that output signal in such circuit can be amplified between the current sample and previous sample with reference to given voltage.

Figure 16 B explanation is using controlled current source come in the PPG sensor of the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier " biasing " electric current Circuit example schematic.This allows to apply larger gain at transimpedance amplifier grade.

Figure 16 C illustrates that use sampling and holding circuit for PPG sensor are used to be applied to photodiode (across resistance Before anti-amplifier) current feedback circuit example schematic.This circuit can be used for the removal of environment light, or " biasing " electric current It removes, or is used as pseudo-differential amplifier.

It is related to being discussed in greater detail in No. 61/946,439 U.S. provisional patent application cases filed on 2 28th, 2014 Using the various circuits and concept of the heart rate measurement of PPG sensor, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously in " related application The cross reference of case " is incorporated by reference in part, and relative to the heart rate measurement and use carried out with PPG sensor In execute such measurement (for example) with compensate sensor saturation, the circuit of environment light and the colour of skin, method and system content again It is herein incorporated by reference.

Biometric feedback

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can provide a user feedback based on one or more biometric signals. In one embodiment, PPG signal can be used as in real time or the waveform of near real-time is on the display of biometric monitoring arrangement (or on display of the auxiliary device communicated with the biometric monitoring arrangement) is presented to the user.This waveform can provide with The similar feedback of the waveform being shown on ECG or EKG machine.Except provide a user can be used to estimate various cardiac measures (for example, Heart rate) PPG signal instruction except, feedback can also be provided in the waveform, and the feedback aloows user to optimize its pendant Wear position and the pressure of biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, waveform can be seen with short arc in user.In response to this, it uses Family can attempt to for the position of biometric monitoring arrangement to be moved to the different location for providing higher amplitudes signal.In some embodiment party In case, based on these instructions, biometric monitoring arrangement can provide instruction to user with mobile or adjustment biometric monitoring dress The collocation degree set is to improve signal quality.

In another embodiment, the matter about PPG signal can be provided a user via the method for being different from display waveform The feedback of amount.If signal quality (such as signal-to-noise ratio) is more than a certain threshold value, the capable of emitting sense of hearing of biometric monitoring arrangement It alarms (such as buzzer).Visual cues (for example, via display is used) can be supplied to user by biometric monitoring arrangement To change the position of sensor and/or increase the pressure of wearable device (for example, passing through in the case where device is worn in wrist Tense wrist strap).

Biometric feedback can be provided for the sensor different from PPG sensor.For example, if device uses ECG, EMG are connected to the device for executing any one of these, then it can be provided a user about from those sensors Waveform feedback.If the signal-to-noise ratio of these sensors is low or signal quality is damaged because of other reasons, can indicate to use Family its how can improve the signal.For example, if heart rate cannot be detected from ECG sensor, device can to Family provides visual message, indicates its wetting or gets ECG electrode wet to improve signal.

Environmental sensor

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention can be used one in following environmental sensor, it is some Or environmental data is for example all obtained, include the environmental data summarized in the following table.These biometric monitoring arrangements are unlimited In the number or type of sensor as specified below, and the other sensors for obtaining the environmental data summarized in following table can be used. All combinations of environmental sensor and/or environmental data and arrangement is set falls within the scope of the present invention.In addition, device can be from right Inductive sensing device output data export environmental data, but be not limited to its can derived from the sensor environmental data type.

It is worth noting that, environmentally sensitive as described herein can be used in the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention One or more of device or one or more of biosensor whole and as described herein are whole.In fact, of the invention Biometric monitoring arrangement can be used any sensor currently known or develop later obtain environmental data as described herein and Any one of physiological data is whole, all set to fall within the scope of the present invention.

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include for example being placed in or the height inside crust of the device Spend flowmeter sensor.(see for example, Figure 12 B and 12C；Figure 12 C explanation has biosensor, environmental sensor and is connected to processing The example of the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement of the position sensor of device).In the case, crust of the device can have ventilation Mouthful, allow device internal measurement, detection, sampling and/or any change for undergoing external pressure.In one embodiment, lead to Air port can prevent water from entering device, while promote the change via altimeter sensor measurement, detection and/or sampling pressure.It lifts For example, the outer surface of biometric monitoring arrangement may include ventilation opening type configuration or framework (for example, Gore^TMVentilation opening), It allows surrounding air to move in and out the shell of device, and (it allows altimeter sensor measurement, detection and/or sampling pressure Change), but reduce, prevent and/or minimize water and other liquid flows are moved in the shell of device.

In one embodiment, height flowmeter sensor can be with gel-filled, and the gel allows sensor to undergo in gel Except pressure change.Gel may act as diaphragm relatively impermeable, incompressible and flexible, and external pressure is changed It is emitted to altimeter while being physically separated altimeter (and other internal components) and external environment.Use gel-filled altimeter The environmental protection of higher level can be provided to device in the case where sealing ventilation opening with or without the use of environment.Device can be solidifying Glue packed height meter, which is in, to be had including but not limited in the case where in the position of following position compared with high viability (survivability rate)：Position, washing machine, dish-washing machine, dryer, vaporium or sauna chamber, leaching with high humility Any position that bath, pond, bathtub and device are likely to be exposed at moisture, are exposed to liquid or are immersed in liquid.

Sensor integration/signal processing

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention can be used from two or more sensors Data come calculate correspondence physiology or environmental data as seen in following table (for example, can in combination using from two or two with The data of upper sensor determine the measurement of the measurement being for example listed herein below).Biometric monitoring arrangement may include, but are not limited to Number, type or the combination of sensor as specified below.In addition, these biometric monitoring arrangements can be combined from respective sensor Included data are exported, but are not limited to that the number or type of calculated data can be combined from respective sensor.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement also may include near-field communication (NFC) receiver/transmitter to examine Measure the proximity of another device such as mobile phone.When make biometric monitoring arrangement close to second device or reach with When the detectable degree of approach of second device, can trigger start in second device it is new functionalized (for example, starting mobile phone on " application program " and make the physiological data radio synchronization from described device to second device).(see for example, Figure 10).It is real On border, U.S. provisional patent application cases 61/ filed in biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention implementable on March 5th, 2012 606,559 (" near field communication system and its operating method (Near Field Communication System, and Method Of Operating Same) ", inventor：James Parker (James Park), what content was quoted for this this purpose Mode is incorporated herein) described in and/or explanation circuit and any one of technology.

Figure 10 illustrate thereon with bicycle application program portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example, it is described voluntarily Vehicle application program can show the step and other measurements of bicycle speed and/or pedal.Whenever biometric monitoring arrangement When marking close to passive or active NFC, the application program can be started.This NFC marks the handlebar that could attach to user.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include position sensor (for example, GPS circuitry) and heartbeat wave Shape sensor (for example, photoelectricity volume diagram circuit) to generate GPS or location dependent data and heart rate related data respectively.(see example Such as, Figure 12 B and 12C).Biometric monitoring arrangement, which can be merged then, handled and/or be combined, comes from the two sensor/circuits Data come with for example according to physiological data (for example, heart rate, anxiety, activity level, amount of sleep and/or calorie are taken in) it is true Fixed, related and/or " mapping " geographic region.By this method, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can recognize, increases or reduces measurable user The geographic region of measurement (being taken in including but not limited to heart rate, anxiety, activity level, amount of sleep and/or calorie).

Additionally or alternatively, GPS related data and photoelectricity volume can be used in some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement Figure related data (it is worth noting that, each of these person is regarded as data flow) come according to activity level (for example, such as passing through Acceleration, speed, position and/or the travel distance (as measured by GPS and/or being determined from GPS related data) of user is come really It is fixed) it determines the heart rate of user or makes its correlation.(see for example, Figure 12 B and 12C).It herein, in one embodiment, can be for use The heart rate or the data that family " plotting " becomes with speed can be analyzed to different level, including but not limited to sleep, tranquillization, long Seat, moderately active, activity and high activity.

In fact, some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can also make GPS related data and predetermined geographic locality (tool Have the activity associated there for one group of predetermined condition) database it is related.For example, activity is determining and corresponds to physiology Classification (for example, heart rate classification) may include that the GPS coordinate of user is made (to correspond to exercise device, health club and/or gymnasium Position) it is related to physiological data.In these cases, it can automatically measure and be shown in the use during such as gymnasium body-building Family heart rate.It is worth noting that, many physiological classifications can be based on GPS related data, comprising position, acceleration, height above sea level, away from From and/or speed.Such database includes geodata, and compileable, physiology data and/or stores it in biometer It measures on monitoring arrangement and/or external computing device.In fact, in one embodiment, its own positional number of user creatable According to library or addition or location revision database with its activity of preferably classifying.

In another embodiment, user can wear multiple biometric monitoring arrangements simultaneously (has feature as described herein Any one of).Wired or wireless circuit can be used to communicate with one another or fill with long-range for the biometric monitoring arrangement of this embodiment Communication is set, is for example likely difficult to calculate or calculate inaccurate biometric or physiology quality or amount in other ways to calculate, Such as pulsation conduction time.The use of multiple sensors, which can also improve the accuracy of biometric measurement and/or accuracy, makes it Better than the accuracy and/or accuracy of single sensor.For example, on waist, wrist and ankle have biometric with Track device can improve the detection (the case where compared with only single device in one of those positions) taken a step to user.It can be with Distributed or centralized approach has to provide compared with the case where single device in execution signal processing on biometric tracking device Improved measurement.It can also remotely execute this signal processing and convey after the treatment and return to biometric tracking device.

In another embodiment, heart rate or other biometric datas can be made to be related to the food log of user, and (user takes the photograph Food, its nutritional contents and its partial log taken).Food journal entries can automatically key in food log or can be by user Itself via with biometric monitoring arrangement (or the auxiliary or remote-control device communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement, such as intelligently Phone, or some other devices communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement, such as server) interaction and key in.About user Body can be presented to the user the information for the biometric reaction that one or more foods input.For example, if user drinks coffee Coffee, then its heart rate may thus rise due to coffee.In another example, if user feeds the larger portion of food at dead of night Point, then it may be taken longer time than usual to fall asleep.Food in biometric inputs any group with corresponding result Conjunction can be incorporated into such feedback system.

Food intake data and biometric data merge some embodiments that also may make biometric monitoring arrangement The glucose level of user can be estimated.This may be particularly useful for the user with diabetes.By being related to Portugal The activity (such as walking, running, caloric burn) of grape sugar level and user and the algorithm of nutrition intake, biometric monitoring dress Setting can suggest when it may have abnormal blood glucose level to user.

Handle task delegation

The embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement may include one or more processors.For example, stand-alone utility Processor can be used to store and execute using by one or more sensor processors, (processing is passed from physiology, environment and/or activity The processor of the data of sensor) obtain and processing sensing data application program.In the feelings that wherein there are multiple sensors Under condition, it is also possible to which there are multiple sensor processors.Application processor can also have the sensor for being directly connected to it.It passes Sensor and application processor, which can be used as independent discrete chip, to be existed or is present in identical encapsulated chip (multi-core).Dress Single application processor or application processor and sensor processor or the processing of multiple application programs can be had by setting Device and sensor processor.

In one embodiment, sensor processor can be placed in the daughter board being made of all simulated assemblies (daughterboard) on.This plate can have it is some in the electronic device being commonly found on main PCB, such as, but not limited to across Impedance amplifier, filter circuit, horizontal shift device, sampling and holding circuit and micro controller unit.Such configuration allows son Card is via using number to connect and non-analog connection (in addition to any necessary electric power or grounding connection) is connected to master PCB.Number connection can have the advantages that better than simulation daughter board connected to main PCB it is a variety of, including but not limited to noise reduction And the reduction of necessary cable number.Daughter board can be connected to mainboard via flexible cable or one group of conducting wire is used.

Multiple application programs are storable in application processor.Application program can by for the application program can Actuating code and data composition, but it is not limited to these.Data can figure or other information group as needed for executing the application program At, and it can be exported for the information generated by application program.It can be all resident for both the executable code of application program and data Data on application processor (or the memory being incorporated in), or for application program can be stored from external memory And retrieval.External memory may include, but are not limited to nand flash memory, NOR flash memory, the flash memory on another processor, other solid-states and deposit Storage device, machinery or optical disc, RAM, etc..

Executable code for application program is also storable in external memory.It is held when application processor receives When the request of row application program, the application processor can be retrieved from external memory executable code and/or data and Execute the executable code and/or data.The executable code can temporarily or permanently be stored in depositing for application processor On reservoir or storage device.This allows application program that next execution is answered to request and more quickly perform, because eliminating retrieval step Suddenly.When requesting executing application, application processor can retrieve all executable codes or executable code of application program Part.In the latter case, it only retrieves in the executable code part needed at that time.This allows to execute than application program processing The big application program of the memory or storage device of device.

Application processor can also have memory protection feature to prevent application program overriding, destroy, interruption, blocking Or other components of other application program, sensing system, application processor or system are interfered in other ways.

Application program can be via a variety of wired, wireless, optics or capacitor mechanism (including but not limited to USB, Wi-Fi, indigo plant Tooth, bluetooth low energy, NFC, RFID, purple honeybee) it is loaded on application processor and/or any external memory.

Application program is also signed to available electron encrypted signature.Application program can be executed limitation by application processor In with those of correct signature people.

The system integration in biometric monitoring arrangement

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, in biometric monitoring arrangement or some sensors or electricity Subsystem can integrate each other or can share component or resource.For example, the Photoelectric Detection for optics heartbeat waveform sensor Device (such as No. 61/946,439 beauty that can be used for application on 2 28th, 2014 and be previously incorporated herein by reference In state's temporary patent application case in discussed heart rate sensor), it can also act as the Photoelectric Detection for determining ambient light level Device, such as can be used to correct influence of the environment light to heartbeat waveform sensor reading.For example, if examined for such heart rate The light source for surveying device is turned off, then the light measured by the photoelectric detector can indicate the amount of existing environment light.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, such as optics heart rate is can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement The vehicle-mounted optical sensor such as the component in monitor is configured or is communicated.For example, optics heart rate sensor (or, If it does, ambient light sensor) photoelectric detector can also act as optical emitting channel (such as infrared communication) Receiver.

It may include hybrid antenna in some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, a combination thereof radio-frequency antenna (such as Bluetooth antenna or GPS antenna) and inductive loop (such as can be used in near-field communication (NFC) label or inductive charging system).Herein In a little embodiments, the functionality of two not homologous rays be may be provided in an integrated system, to save encapsulation volume.Herein In class hybrid antenna, inductive loop can be placed to the radiator close proximity to inverted-F antenna.The inductive loop can be inductively It couples with radiator, so that the flat elements for allowing the inductive loop to serve as antenna are used for radio frequency purpose, thus is formed for example flat Smooth inverted-F antenna.Meanwhile inductive loop can also serve its normal function, such as via with the electromagnetic field that is generated by NFC reader Inductive coupling and provide electric current to NFC chip.The example of these hybrid antenna systems was discussed in more detail in March, 2014 Filed in 5 days in the 61/948th, No. 470 U.S. provisional patent application cases, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously " to phase It is incorporated herein by reference in the cross reference of pass application case " part and again hereby about at hybrid antenna structure The content pointed out and be herein incorporated by reference.Certainly, these hybrid antennas can also be used to be different from biometric monitoring arrangement Other electronic devices in, and such non-biometric monitoring arrangement use of hybrid antenna is covered within the scope of the invention.

The method of wearable device

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement may include shell, and size and shape promotion monitor biometric Device in the body for being fixed to user during normal operation, wherein described device when being coupled to user immeasurably or obviously The activity of ground influence user.The biometric monitoring arrangement may depend on the specific biography being integrated into biometric monitoring arrangement Sensor encapsulation and user wear the data of desired acquisition in different ways.

User can be by using belt (its for flexible and be thus easy to be fitted to user) and by biometer of the invention Some embodiments of amount monitoring arrangement are worn on its wrist or ankle (or arm or leg).The belt can have adjustable full circle Week, therefore it is allowed to be fitted to user.The material construction that the belt is shunk when can be by being exposed to heat forms, therefore allows user Establish the adaptation of customization.The belt can be dismantled from " electronic device " part of biometric monitoring arrangement and when necessary can be more It changes.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be made of two primary clusterings：Main body (contains " electronics device Part ") and belt (promotion attaches a device to user).The main body may include shell (such as by plastics or plastic-like material system At) and from main body extension protruding portion outstanding (such as being made of metal or metal-like material).(see for example, Fig. 2 C to 3C).Institute Stating belt (such as being made of thermoplasticity amido formate) can for example mechanically or adherent fashion is attached to body.The band Son can extend a part from the circumference of user's wrist.It the distal end of amido formate belt can be with Velcro or shackle elastic fabric Belt (encompasses D-ring on side and is then attached and return to itself) connection.In this embodiment, closing means allow to use Family ad infinitum carries out belt length adjustment (be different from index hole and mechanical snap is closed).Velcro or elastic fabric can permit It is replaced (for example, if it is worn before the useful end of life of device or undesirably wears in other ways Wear) mode be attached to belt.In one embodiment, Velcro or fabric can pass through screw or rivet and/or glue, bonding Agent and/or buckle are attached to belt.

The embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention also can be integrated into and be worn on necklace, chest strap, brassiere, adhesion In property sticking patch, glass, earing or toestraps of yacht (toe band).These biometric monitoring arrangements can be built-in as follows：It passes Sensor encapsulation/biometric monitoring arrangement part is removable and may include but be not limited to those listed above mode Any number of mode wear.

In another embodiment, the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention can clip to dress through wearing Or it is stored in clothes (for example, pocket) or ornament (for example, handbag, knapsack, wallet).Because these biometrics monitor Device can be not close to the skin of user, so manually can be set device by user in the embodiment comprising heart rate measurement In AD HOC (for example, by by lower button, with finger tip cover capacitive touch sensor, etc., may have be embedded in by Heartbeat waveform sensor in button/sensor) and in discrete, " on demand " context or automatically (once user is by device Put (for example, finger is applied to optics heartbeat waveform sensor) on the skin) it is measured.

With the user interface of device

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement may include for allowing locally or remotely interacting with device The functionality of one or more methods.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can convey data via digital display with visual manner.This Any one or more display technologies can be used in the physical embodiments of display, including but not limited to one or more in the following Person：LED, LCD, AMOLED, electric ink, clear display technology, graphic alphanumeric display and other display technologies, such as TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, TFT, IPS and OLET.This display can show on device locally obtain or storage data or can show from The data that other devices or Internet service remotely obtain.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be used sensor (for example, environment light passes Sensor " ALS ") control or adjust the amount (if using backlight) of screen backlight.For example, in poorly lit situation, display Device adjustable dark is to save battery life, and in bright lighting context, display brightness can increase so that its be easier by User reads.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used it is monochromatic or it is multi-colored led come instruction device state.It is raw The state of LED indication can be used to can include but not limited to, for example, the biometrics such as heart rate state or for example pass for object metering monitoring arrangement The Application Status for entering message or having reached target etc..These states can be opened or closed by the color of LED, LED (or in centre Intensity), the pulse (and/or its rate) of LED and/or luminous intensity mode from being completely turned off maximum brightness indicate.One In a embodiment, stage of LED available subscribers heart rate and frequency modulate its intensity and/or color.

In some embodiments, allow display to remain up using electronic ink display and without nonreflective display The battery drain of device.This " normally opened " functionality can (wherein user can simply sweep biometric in such as wrist-watch application program Monitoring arrangement is to see the time) in the case where pleasant user experience is provided.Electronic ink display always show content Battery life without damaging device, so that user be allowed to see time (as it on conventional wristwatch).

The light such as LED can be used to show that the heart rate of user (passes through in some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement The amplitude for the light that modulation is issued with the frequency of user's heart rate).Described device can via LED color (for example, green, red) or The a succession of LED (for example, progress bar) lighted according to the change of heart rate come describe heart rate area (for example, aerobic, anaerobism, Deng).Biometric monitoring arrangement can be integrated or be incorporated into another device or structure of such as glass or goggles, or and glass Or goggles communication is to be shown to user for this information.

Information can be also communicated to user via the physical motion of device by some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement.Object One such embodiment of the method for reason ground mobile device is to induce motor using vibration.Device can individually or jointly it is multiple its Its exercise induced technology uses the method.

In some embodiments, information can be communicated to user via audible feedback by biometric monitoring arrangement.Citing For, the loudspeaker in biometric monitoring arrangement can convey letter via audio tones, voice, song or other sound is used Breath.

In the various embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, these three information communicating methods (vision, movement and the sense of hearing ) can individually or with each other or any combination of another method for conveying of any one or more following information is conveyed to make With：

● user needs to wake up in specific time

● user should wake up when a certain sleep stage at which

● user should sometime fall asleep

● user should delimit in a certain sleep stage and in the earliest and latest time intended to wake up by user at which Preselected time window in when wake up.

● receive Email

● user is inactive up to the sometime period.It is worth noting that, this can with such as calendar of conference or sleep with The integrated behavior to plan, simplify or adjust inactive prompting of the other application program of track application program.

● activity reaches the sometime period to user

● user has appointment or calendar event

● user has reached a certain activity metric

● user has walked about a certain distance

● user has reached a certain mileage

● user has reached a certain speed

● user has accumulated up to a certain height above sea level

● user has walked a certain step number

● user has carried out heart rate measurement recently

● user's heart rate has reached certain level

● it is particular value or normal, the movable or resting heart rate in particular range that user, which has,

● the heart rate of user has entered or has exited a certain target zone or training center

● user has new heart rate " area " target to be reached, and is in said case living for running, cycling, swimming etc. Move the heart rate area of training

● user has swum an one way or completes the one way of a certain number in pond

● external device (ED), which has, needs to be communicated to the information of user, for example, incoming call or more than remind in any Person

● user has reached a certain tired target or the limit.In one embodiment, can via heart rate, skin electroresponse, The combination of motion sensor and/or breath data determines fatigue

There is provided these examples and be in order to illustrate and be not intended to limitation can be by these embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement Convey the range of the information of (for example, to user).Note that determine whether that the data for meeting alert condition can be from first device And/or one or more auxiliary devices obtain.Biometric monitoring arrangement itself can be determined whether to have met the criterion for prompting Or condition.Alternatively, the computing device (for example, server and/or mobile phone) communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement can determine When should remind.In view of the present invention, those skilled in the art can be envisaged that biometric monitoring arrangement can be communicated to use The other information at family.For example, when having met target, biometric monitoring arrangement can be communicated with user.Meet this target Criterion can be based on the environmental sensor on physiology, context and first device and/or from its of one or more auxiliary devices Its sensing data.It can be set by the user or can lead to by biometric monitoring arrangement itself and/or with biometric monitoring arrangement Another computing device (for example, server) of letter sets target.In an example embodiment, when meeting biometric target, Biometric monitoring arrangement can vibrate.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention can be equipped with wireless and/or wire communication circuit with reality When data are shown on auxiliary device.For example, these biometric monitoring arrangements can via bluetooth low energy with Mobile phone communications are to give the user heart rate, changes in heart rate and/or the Real-time Feedback of anxiety.These biometrics monitoring dress Set " moment " that can train or permit ad hoc fashion (such as by carrying out deep and slow respiration) breathing of user with keeping tensions down. Anxiety can be quantified or come via heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin temperature, motor activity data and/or the change of skin electroresponse It is assessed.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can connect via one or more Local or Remote input methods from user Receive input.A sensor or one group of sensor can be used to turn the movement of user for one such embodiment of local user's input Translate the order of twin installation.These movements may include but can be not limited to touching by, rotation wrist, be bent one or more muscle, and pendulum Arm.Another user's input method can be for via using button, such as, but not limited to capacitive touch button, capacitive screen button And mechanical button.In one embodiment, user interface buttons can be made of metal.Screen is examined using capacitance touch wherein In the embodiment of survey, it can sample always and be ready to make a response without intervention event any posture or input, such as Push physical button.These biometric monitoring arrangements can also be via using voice command to be inputted.All these input sides Method can connect and these biometrics being locally integrated into biometric monitoring arrangement or being integrated into via wired or wireless In the remote-control device of monitoring arrangement communication.In addition, user is also possible to that biometric monitoring arrangement can be manipulated via remote-control device. In one embodiment, this remote-control device can have Internet Connectivity.

Alarm

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention may act as wrist An Installed formula vibration alarm to pacify Geostationary user is waken up from sleep.These biometric monitoring arrangements can be via heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, fortune Innervation surveys one of (for example, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer) and skin temperature or combines and track the sleep matter of user Amount, wake-up period, sleep delay, Sleep efficiency, sleep stage (for example, deep sleep and REM) and/or other sleep degrees of correlation Amount.User may specify required time of fire alarming or time window (for example, setting alarm sounds at 7 points in the morning and 8 a.m.).These One or more of sleep measurement can be used to determine the Best Times in window annunciator to wake up user for embodiment.Implement at one In example, when vibration alarm activity, user can by device, (it be for example via the motion-sensing in device by flopping or touching Device, pressure/force sensor and/or capacitive touch sensor and detect) and cause its retire or turn off.In one embodiment In, device can attempt sleeping and the time at specific user's sleep stage or before alarm settings starts small vibration The best time in period wakes user.It can be in progress towards awakening or towards alarm settings with user and be gradually increased vibration Intensity or explicitly.(see for example, Fig. 8).

The functionality of Fig. 8 illustrated example portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement intelligent alarm feature.Biometric monitoring dress Setting the sleep stage that can be able to detect detectable user or state, (device of (for example, shallow or deep sleep) can be with described device Communication.User, which can set it, will wish the time window waken up (for example, the morning 6:15 to the morning 6:45).Intelligent alarm can be by user Enter sleeping state during window annunciator and triggers.

The alarm vibration mode that biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured to allow user to select or create its selection.User It " can doze off " or delayed alarm event.In one embodiment, user can set the delay for " dozing off " feature Amount：The delay is to alarm the time quantum before sounding again.It, which is also possible to can to set every alarm cycle and can activate, beats The number of doze feature.For example, user may be selected 5 minutes doze off and delay and continuously doze off number for 3 maximum.Therefore, Its pressable doze off 3 times with its every time pressing doze off with delayed alarm when by presignal delay 5 minutes.In these embodiments, It dozes off the 4th time if user attempts pressing, function of dozing off will not turn off alarm.

Some biometric monitoring arrangements can have the calendar about user and/or the information of scheduling.The calendar of user is believed Breath, which can directly key in biometric monitoring arrangement or its, to be downloaded from different device (such as smart phone).This information can be used to certainly Alarm or alarm characteristic are set dynamicly.For example, if user will have a meeting for 9 points in the morning, biometric monitoring arrangement It can be automatically in the morning 7:30 wake-up users are to allow user to have enough time to prepare and/or reach meeting.Biometric monitoring Device can current location based on user, meeting position and from the current location of user reach the position of meeting by spend when The area of a room is come time quantum needed for determining user's preliminary conference.Conference location is reached about user and/or prepares alternatively, can be used Hair goes to the history number of meeting the time it takes the time it takes such as (for example, its) waking up, have a shower in the morning, having breakfast According to come determine when wake up user.Similar functionality can be used for the calendar event different from meeting, such as when eating time, sleep Between, nap time and exercise time.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can be used, wants the information when fallen asleep about user to determine When alarm should sound to wake up user.This information can supplement calendar information as described herein.User can have it every night or The target of desired hourage of substantially sleeping weekly.Biometric monitoring arrangement can by morning alarm settings in appropriate time with User is set to meet these sleep targets.In addition to user is in desired sleeping time amount every night, user can also be set other Sleep target may include, but are not limited to user deep sleep, REM sleep and hypohyphnotic amount for undergoing in sleep, it is all these can Alarm when is set in the morning to determination by biometric monitoring arrangement.In addition, can night prompting user its when should on Bed sleep is to meet its target of sleeping.In addition, can remind in the daytime user when it should take a nap to meet its target of sleeping.It reminds Its time that should be taken a nap of user can be by the factor of sleep quality of the optimization user during nap, subsequent nap or nighttime sleep To determine.For example, if user takes a nap in the morning, user may have the rigid time fallen asleep at night.May be used also It is recommended that user eats certain foods or beverage or avoids certain foods or beverage to optimize its sleep quality.For example, may not User is encouraged to drink when close to its bedtime, because alcohol may be decreased its sleep quality.It can also suggest that user executes certain A little activities avoid certain activities to optimize its sleep quality.For example, user may be encouraged to perform physical exercise in the afternoon to change It is apt to its sleep quality.User may not be encouraged to perform physical exercise or see TV when close to its bedtime to improve its matter of sleeping Amount.

With the user interface of auxiliary device

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can by data and/or order be emitted to auxiliary electronic device and/ Or data and/or order are received from auxiliary electronic device.Auxiliary electronic device can be monitored directly or indirectly with biometric and be filled Set communication.Direct communication in this article refers to data and emits between first device and auxiliary device without any intermediate dress It sets.For example, two devices can communicate with one another via wireless connection (such as bluetooth) or wired connection (such as USB).Indirectly Communication refers to that (it relays the number to data by means of 3rd device among one or more between first device and auxiliary device According to) transmitting.3rd device may include, but are not limited to wireless repeater (for example, WiFi transponder), computing device, such as intelligently Phone, laptop computer, desktop or tablet computer, mobile phone tower, computer server and other networkings electronic device. For example, biometric device can transmit data to smart phone, and the smart phone connects via cellular network data Connect the server for forwarding said data to and being connected to the cellular network via internet.

In some embodiments, the auxiliary device for acting as the user interface of biometric monitoring arrangement can be by smart phone Composition.Application program on smart phone can promote and/or smart phone is made to potentially act as biometric monitoring arrangement User interface.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be in real time or with some delays by biometric and other data It is sent to smart phone.Smart phone can send life for one or more orders in real time or with some delays Object measures monitoring arrangement for example to indicate that biometric and other data are sent smart phone by it.For example, if with Family enters the mode of tracking running in the application, then smart phone can send commands to biometric device to indicate It sends data in real time.Therefore, user can lingeringly track its running without any in its advance in its application program.

Such smart phone can have one or more application program to enable a user to examine from its biometric device Depending on data.The application program can acquiescently be opened to " instrument board " page when user starts or opens the application program. On this page, can show such as total step number, climbed number of floor levels, traveling mileage, the calory count of burning, consumption calorie The summary of the data amounts such as number and the water of consumption.It can also show that other coherence messages, such as application program are monitored from biometric Device receive data final time, about previous night sleep measurement (for example, when user falls asleep, wakes up and its sleeps Time) and user how many calorie can be fed on the day of with maintain its calorie of target (for example, realize weight-reducing calorie it is red Word target).User can select to show which of these and other measurement on Dashboard screen.User can be These and other measurement a few days ago is seen on instrument board.It can by pressing touch screen on button or icon access A few days ago.Alternatively, the posture such as stirring to the left or to the right aloows the current and prior measurement of user's guide to visitors.

Smart phone application program can also have another page for the summary for providing User Activity.Activity may include but unlimited In walking, running, cycling, cooks, is seated, works, swims, goes on business, weight lifting, on and off duty and Yoga.It is concerned with these activities Measurement can be presented on this page.For example, bar chart can show the step number (example that different piece of the user on the day of is walked Such as, how many step walked within every 5 minutes or every 1 hour).In another example, it can show what user spent on executing a certain activity Time quantum and how many calorie that burnt in this time cycle.Similar to the instrument board page, application program can provide guide to visitors function Energy property is to allow user to check these and other measurement of days past.Also such as hour, minute, week, the moon can be selected by user Or period other times such as year allows it to inspect its movable tendency and measurement in shorter or larger time span.

Smart phone application program can also have the interface to have eaten or be logged by the food eaten user.This connects Mouth can have keyword search feature to allow user to rapidly find out it and wish to key in the food in its log.As search food Alternative solution or in addition to this, user can find out the food to be logged by by guide to visitors menu or a series of menus Object.For example, following serial classification may be selected in user：Breakfast/cereal/health/oatmeal wishes to be logged by reach it Food (for example, oatmeal of apple taste).At any one of these menus place, user can be able to carry out keyword and search Rope.For example, user can search for " oatmeal " after selected classification " breakfast " to search in the classification of breakfast food Keyword " oatmeal ".After it selected it and will wish the food being logged by, user can be modified or to key in component big Small and nutrient content.After being logged by least one food, application program can sometime period (for example, day) Show the summary of food and the food that are logged by nutrient content (individual and whole calorie contents, vitamin content, Sugared content, etc.).

Smart phone application program can also have measurement of the display about user's body (for example, the weight of user, body rouge Fat percentage, BMI and waistline size) the page.It can show one or more of these measurements of displaying sometime all One or more curves of trend in phase (for example, two weeks).When user can select the value of this time period and inspect previous Between the period (for example, last month).

Smart phone application program, which can also have, allows user to key in the page that user has consumed how much water.Whenever user drinks When with some water, the amount can be keyed in by the unit (for example, ounce, cup, etc.) of its selection.Application program can show that user exists The total amount for all water being sometime logged by the period (for example, one day).Application program allows user to check previously The water bar mesh that is logged by and a few days ago and the daily amount on the same day.

Smart phone application program can also have the page of the online friend of display user.This " friend " page may make use New friend (for example, by searching for its name or by its e-mail address) can be added or be requested in family.This page can also be shown Show the ranking list (leaderboard) of user and its friend.User and its friend can carry out ranking based on one or more measurements.It lifts For example, seven days in the past total step numbers can be used to carry out ranking for user and its friend.

Smart phone application program can also have the page for the measurement for showing the sleep about user's eve and/or former nights Face.This page can further enable the user to gone over when to sleep and specifying it when to go to bed and its when wake up It is logged by.User may also be able to about its sleep subjective measure (for example, undesirable night's rest, good night's rest, Fabulous night's rest, etc.).User can inspect over these measurements of today or time cycle (for example, two weeks).Citing For, the sleep page can default the bar chart for showing that user measures in the sleeping time at nearest two weeks each nights.User is also possible to Enough inspect the bar chart that user measures in the sleeping time at each night in nearest January.

User may also be able to the complete energy that smart phone application program as described herein is accessed via substitution or additional interface Power (for example, food log can be keyed in, inspect instrument board, etc.).In one embodiment, this alternative interfaces can be by group of web At the webpage is by the trust server with biometric monitoring arrangement indirect communication.The webpage can be via any internet Attachment device is accessed using the program such as web browser.

Wireless connectivity and data transmitting

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention may include to send out from internet and/or other devices Penetrate and receive the wireless communication component of information.Wireless communication can be by such as bluetooth, ANT, WLAN, power line networking and cell phone network It is formed Deng one or more interfaces.These are provided as example, and should not be construed as excluding other existing wireless communications methods or agreement Or the wireless communication technique or agreement not yet invented.

Wireless connection can be two-way.Its data can be emitted, conveyed and/or be pushed to other by biometric monitoring arrangement Device, such as smart phone, computer, are waited and/or internet, such as network server etc..Biometric monitoring arrangement may be used also (pull) data are received, request and/or pulled from other devices and/or internet.

The communication that biometric monitoring arrangement may act as being used for other devices, which is provided each other or provided, arrives internet Repeater.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be connected to internet via WLAN and equipped with ANT radio.ANT Device can be communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement its data is emitted to internet via the WLAN of biometric monitoring arrangement (and vice versa).As another example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be equipped with bluetooth.If intelligence bluetooth-capable Phone enters in the range of biometric monitoring arrangement, then biometric monitoring arrangement can be via the cell phone network of smart phone It transmits data to internet or receives data from internet.Data from another device can also be emitted to biometric monitoring Device and store (or vice versa) or the time later emit.

The embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention also may include for transmit as a stream or emit Web content with For the functionality shown on biometric monitoring arrangement.The representative instance of content thus below：

1. being measured by device but the remotely heart rate stored and/or the history curve of other data

2. being measured by other devices and/or remotely being stored the user of (for example, for example in the website of such as fitbit.com) The history curve of activity and/or consumed food and/or dormant data

3. the history curve of the other users tracking data remotely stored.Example includes heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood Sugar level, cholesterol, the duration for seeing TV, the duration of playing video game, mood, etc..

4. one in heart rate, Current body mass, weight targets, food intake, activity, sleep based on user and other data Or the training and/or diet data of more persons.

5. the user towards heart rate, weight, activity, sleep and/or other targets is in progress.

6. describing the summary statistics of aforementioned data, figure, badge and/or measurement (for example, " grade ")

7. between the aforementioned data of user and the similar data with similar device and/or its " friend " of tracking Compare

8. social content, such as push away special (Twitter) feeding, instant message and/or facebook (Facebook) and update

9. other online contents, for example, it is newspaper article, constellation, weather report, RSS feeding, comic strip (comic), vertical Horizontal mosaic mystery, classified advertisement, stock report and website

10. email message and calendar plan table

Biometric monitoring arrangement can be delivered the content to according to different contexts.For example, in the morning, can together with The dormant data in family eve shows news and weather report.At night, the daily general introduction of day's activities can be shown.

The various embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement as herein disclosed also may include that can be used to originate other devices In functional NFC, RFID or other short-distance wireless communication circuits.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be equipped with NFC antenna so that when user make its with mobile phone close to when, application program automatically opens on the mobile phone It is dynamic.

These examples are provided for illustrating and being not intended to the range for the data that limitation can be emitted, receive or be shown by device Or any intermediate treatment occurred during can transmitting and show herein.In view of the present invention/application program, the technology people of fields Many other examples of streamable or the data via the transmission of biometric monitoring arrangement can be envisaged in member.

Charging and data transmitting

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement wired connection can be used for internal rechargeable batteries charging and/ Or transfer data to the host apparatus such as laptop computer or mobile phone.The reality more early discussed in being similar to the present invention It applies in one embodiment of example, magnet can be used to help user to be directed at biometric monitoring arrangement in biometric monitoring arrangement To pedestal or cable.Magnet can strategically orient to force in the magnetic field in pedestal or cable and the magnet in device itself Biometric monitoring arrangement and pedestal or cable (or more specifically, the connector on cable) autoregistration, and providing will be biological Metering monitoring arrangement keeps in the base or remains to the power of cable.Magnet is also acted as charging or data transmitting purpose Conductive junction point.In another embodiment, permanent magnet can be only used for pedestal or cable side rather than biometric monitoring arrangement certainly Body.This can improve the performance of biometric monitoring arrangement in the case where biometric monitoring arrangement uses magnetometer.If There are magnets in biometric monitoring arrangement, then nearby the high-intensity magnetic field of permanent magnet may significantly to be more difficult to make magnetometer quasi- The really magnetic field of the measurement earth.In these embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can replace magnet, and bottom using divalent iron material Magnet on seat or cable side could attach to divalent iron material.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can contain one or more in biometric monitoring arrangement main body Electromagnet.Charger or pedestal for charging and data emit can also contain electromagnet and/or permanent magnet.Biometric monitoring Device only can just connect its electromagnet when it is close to charger or pedestal.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be by using magnetic force Meter searches the magnetic field signature of charger or the permanent magnet in pedestal and detects the degree of approach with pedestal or charger.Alternatively, biological Measure monitoring arrangement can by measure the wireless signal from charger or pedestal received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or Connecing for charger is detected by recognizing NFC associated with the charger or pedestal or RFID marker in some embodiments Recency.When device do not need charging, it is synchronous or but its synchronous or charging is completed when, electromagnet can be overturned, to generate from filling Cable or pedestal repel the power of described device.In some embodiments, charger or pedestal may include electromagnet, and can be through matching (for example, the processor in charger or pedestal can be configured via program instruction) is set in connection biometric monitoring arrangement Electromagnet is connected when for charging, and (electromagnet, which can generally remain, connects the biometric monitoring dress so that being placed on charger Setting to be attracted because of electromagnet can keep turning off until charger determination has monitored biometric against charger or electromagnet Device is placed on charger, for example, via complete charging circuit, pick out in biometric monitoring arrangement NFC label etc., And it is then turned on to attract biometric monitoring arrangement against charger.Charging complete (or data transmission complete, if charging Device is actually data transmission bracket or combined charger/data transmission bracket) after, electromagnet can be turned off at once (temporarily Property or biometric monitoring arrangement is placed on charger until detecting again), and biometric monitoring arrangement can stop It is only attracted against charger.In these embodiments, it may be necessary to orient between biometric monitoring arrangement and charger Interface so that there is no generated by electromagnet magnetic force in the case where, biometric monitoring arrangement will be fallen from charger or Visibly different position is displaced to (visually to indicate to the user that charging or data transmission are complete from charge position in other ways At).

Sensor in data transmission uses

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include can be with different data emission rate and difference The communication interface switched between two or more agreements of power consumption rate.This switching can be filled by monitoring from biometric The data-driven that the various sensors set obtain.For example, if using bluetooth, communication interface be may be in response to based on next Bluetooth basic rate/enhancing data rate is being used from the determination that the data of the sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement are made (BR/EDR) switch between bluetooth low energy (BLE) agreement.For example, when the acceleration in biometric monitoring arrangement The sensing data instruction wearer of degree meter it is sleeping or in other ways sitting when, lower-wattage, slower BLE association can be used View.In contrast, when the sensing data instruction wearer of the accelerometer in biometric monitoring arrangement is just sashaying When dynamic, higher-wattage, faster BR/EDR agreement can be used.This self-adapting data lift-off technology and functionality are discussed further in Filed on March 5th, 2014 in the 61/948th, No. 468 U.S. provisional patent application cases, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are first It is preceding to be incorporated herein by reference in " to the cross reference of related application " part and again hereby about in biology It measures the content pointed out at the self-adapting data transfer rate in monitoring arrangement and is herein incorporated by reference.

These communication interfaces can also act as a form of sensor for biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, The number and class for the device that wireless communication interface allows biometric monitoring arrangement to determine in the range of wireless communication interface Type.This data can be used to determining biometric monitoring arrangement whether in specific context, for example, indoors, in the car, Deng, and determine in response to this and change its behavior in various ways.For example, such as the 61/948th, No. 468 US provisional patent It is discussed in application case (being above herein incorporated by reference), these contexts can be used to drive for the specific of wireless communication The selection of wireless communication protocol.

Configurable function of application

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention may include wrist-watch sample form factor and/or bracelet, Arm decorations or ankletbangle form factor, and it is programmed with " application program " that particular functionality is provided and/or shows specific information.It can lead to Various ways are crossed (including but not limited to push button, the appearance detected using capacitive touch sensor, execution by accelerometer (thus gesture is moved to specific position by GPS or motion sensor senses or region, compression biological metering monitoring arrangement main body Portion generates the pressure signal that can be detected by the altimeter inside biometric monitoring arrangement in the device), or biometric is supervised View apparatus is located relatively close to NFC associated with an application program or one group of application program label) start or close application Program.It can also be by certain environment or physiological condition (including but not limited to detecting high heart rate, detected using humidity sensor Water (for example start swimming application program), some time of day are (for example to start sleep tracking application program, plane at night The change of the pressure and kinetic characteristic leaving or land is to start and close " aircraft " mode application program) it is opened automatically to trigger Dynamic or closing application program.Also it can start or close application program by meeting multiple conditions simultaneously.For example, if plus Speedometer detects that user is just running and user's push button, then biometric monitoring arrangement can start pedometer application journey Sequence, altimeter data collect application program and/or display.Wherein accelerometer detect swimming and user pressing it is identical by In the other case of button, swimming one way can be started and count application program.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can have, to swim what application program start by starting Swimming tracing mode.In this mode, the motion sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement and/or magnetometer can be used to detect swimming Appearance, classification stroke type, detection swimming one way and other calculations of correlation, for example, stroke efficiency, the one-way time, speed, distance and Caloric burn.It can be used to detect a variety of one way by the direction change of magnetometer instruction and turn round method.In a preferred embodiment, come The data of autokinesis sensor and/or pressure sensor can be used to detect stroke.

It in another embodiment, can be by so mobile that approach on bicycle, positioned at certainly by biometric monitoring arrangement On the support of driving or at position associated with bicycle (including but not limited to cycle frame or bicycle storing facility) In NFC or RFID marker and start cycling application program.(see for example, Figure 10).The application program that is started can be used with it is logical It commonly uses to determine the calculation different including but not limited to the algorithm of the measurement of the calorie of burning, travel distance and the height above sea level of acquisition Method.Can also it detect wireless bicycle sensor (including but not limited to wheel detector, GPS, step sensor or power Meter) when start application program.Biometric monitoring arrangement then can show and/or record from wireless bicycle sensor or from The data of driving sensor.

Additional application is controlled including but not limited to programmable or customizable watch face, stopping viewing, music player Device (for example, Mp 3 player, remote controler), text message and/or Email display or notifying device, navigation guide needle, voluntarily Vehicle computer display (when communicated with independent or integrated form GPS device, wheel detector or when power meter), weight lifting tracker, Sit-ups tracker, chin-up tracker, resistance exercise form/body-building tracker, golf amplitude of oscillation analyzer, tennis (or other racket sports) amplitude of oscillation/service analyser, tennis game amplitude of oscillation detector, baseball amplitude of oscillation analyzer, analysis of delivering Device (for example, football, baseball), organized physical activity intensity tracker (for example, football, baseball, basketball, tennis, rugby), Throw disk analyzer, bite analyte detection device, typewriting analyzer, inclination sensor, sleep quality tracker, alarm clock, pressure gauge, tight Open/loosen biofeedback game and (provides the sense of hearing and/or visual cues for example, potentially combining with the training use in relaxation training Family breathing mobile phone), tracker of brushing teeth, feed rate tracker (for example, count or tracking utensil enter the mouth with carry out The rate of material object intake and duration), operating motor vehicles are drunk or adaptability indicator via heart rate, heart rate (for example, become Change, gait analysis, is riddled, etc. at skin electroresponse), allergy tracker is (for example, using skin electroresponse, heart rate, skin temperature Degree, pollen sensing etc. (in conjunction with the external seasonal allergic original tracking from such as internet and may may determine user couple The response of the anaphylactogen (for example, pollen) of particular form, and the presence of these anaphylactogens of user is reminded, such as believe from seasonality Home environment sensor in breath, pollen track database or biometric monitoring arrangement or being used by user), fever with Track device is (for example, risk, breaking-out or the progress of measurement fever, flu or Other diseases, may combine Seasonal Data, disease number To assess the diffusion of specified disease (for example, influenza) about user according to the feedback that library, user location and/or user provide, and can Can point out or suggest work or movable restraining in response), electronic game, caffeine influence tracker (for example, monitoring example Such as heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, blood pressure, anxiety, sleep and/or to coffee, tea, energy drink And/or the activity in the short-term or long-term response of intake or the restraining of other beverages containing caffeine), drug influence tracker (it whether is medical or lifestyle drug for example, being similar to previously mentioned caffeine tracker but about other interventions, Such as alcohol, tobacco etc.), endurance exercise training is (for example, recommend or point out that intensity, duration or running/cycling/swimming are strong The overview of body, or suggest the restraining or delay of body-building, the target specified according to user, such as marathon, iron-man triathlon or utilization From such as history exercise activity (for example, running distance, stride), heart rate, changes in heart rate, health/disease/anxiety/fever shape The target of the data customization of state), weight and/or body composition, blood glucose, food intake or calorie balance tracker (for example, to User notifies it that can consume how many calorie to maintain or realize certain weight), pedometer and fingernail biting detector.In some feelings Under condition, application program can only rely upon processing power and sensor of the invention.In other cases, application program can merge or Only display is from an external device (ED) or one group of external device (ED) (including but not limited to heart rate bandage, GPS range tracking element, body group At meter (body composition scale), blood pressure monitor, blood glucose monitor, wrist-watch, smartwatch, such as smart phone Or the mobile communications devices such as tablet computer or server) information.

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can control the music player on auxiliary device.It is controllable The aspect of music player is including but not limited to the selection of volume, song and/or playlist, F.F. or retreats (skipping Forward or backward), song fast forward or rewinding, the speed of song and music player balanced device.It can be through It is inputted by user or music player is automatically controlled based on physiology, environment or context data.For example, user can Song on its smart phone is selected and played and selecting song via the user interface on biometric monitoring arrangement.? In another example, biometric monitoring arrangement can the activity level based on user (from biometric monitoring arrangement sensing data Calculate the activity level) automatically select appropriate song.This can be used to help to excite user to maintain a certain activity level.Citing For, if user persistently runs and wants for its heart rate to be maintained in a certain range, biometric monitoring arrangement can be broadcast Put cheerful and light-hearted or fair speed song (if the heart rate of user is lower than its target zone).

Pass through the automatic function of the activity-triggered of user

Sleep stage Trigger Function

It can monitor that sleep stage, such as heart rate, heart rate become via various biometric signals disclosed herein and method Change, body temperature, body kinematics, ambient light intensity, ambient noise level etc..Optical sensor, motion sensor (acceleration can be used Meter, gyro sensor, etc.), microphone and thermometer and other sensors (for example) discussed herein measure these Biometric.

Biometric monitoring arrangement can also have communication module, including but not limited to Wi-Fi (802.xx), bluetooth (it is classical, Low-power) or NFC.Once estimating sleep stage, sleep stage can be emitted to and be wirelessly connected to that there is communication Cloud system, home server or the main control unit of the electrical equipment (passing through Wi-Fi, bluetooth or NFC) of function.Alternatively, biological Measuring monitoring arrangement can be with the electrical equipment direct communication with communication function.These electrical equipments with communication function can wrap Containing such as kitchen electrical equipment, such as micro-wave oven, coffee grinder/maker, oven etc..

Once sleep stage indicates the time waken up close to user, biometric monitoring arrangement is arrived with regard to capable of emitting triggering item User has indicated that the electrical equipment that should be automatically brought into operation.For example, coffee grinder and maker can be caused to start from coffee, And oven can be made to begin to warm up bread.Micro-wave oven can be also caused to start to cook oatmeal or egg, and electric kettle starts to heat up water. As long as properly preparing each section, this automatic signal can trigger breakfast and cook.

Remind detection

It can make to remind (such as low prompting) drowsy related to people, it can also be from described in biometric listed above detection It reminds, and the prompting can be used to trigger the electrical equipment such as coffee maker and start automatically to infuse coffee.

Aquation

The activity level of user can be directly submitted to by portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement combining movement horizon tracker Cloud system, home server, main control unit or electrical equipment.This can trigger electrical equipment some movements, especially with hydration Related movement is acted on, such as starts the ice cube production of refrigerator, or reduce the operation temperature of water purifier.

Power is saved

Low-power power idle operation of many electrical equipments usually to consume power.Use the biometric signal of user Aggregation information, the electrical equipment with communication function can be caused to enter ultra low-power mode.For example, user it is sleeping or When outgoing work, the water dispenser in family, which itself can close, arrives ultra low-power mode, once and the activity of prospective users at home, just Can begin to cool/heat water.

Based on position and movable restaurant recommendation system

The polymerization of real-time biological metering signal and location information can be used to generate about one or more users to timing Between needs valid supposition (such as ion beverage).Combine the needs of this supposition and, activity horizontal about User Activity The historical use data for the food intake data that type, activity time and active duration and user are logged by, intelligence Application program on phone and/or smartwatch can recommend the life style for meeting user and the current restaurant that needs.

For example, the user for just completing six miles of touring races can start this application program.The knowable this person of application program High activity level was maintained within past one hour, and thus determined that the people may be dehydrated.From historical use data, application program May also be aware of has excessive vegetables but sugar is low in the diet of such as user.By consider the current location of user, Price Range and The optimization algorithm of other factors referred to above, application program can recommend for example to provide the restaurant of Sorbet (smoothie).

Swimming tracking

In some embodiments of biometric tracking device, biometric tracking may include swimming algorithm, available From one or more motion sensors, altitude sensor (for example, barometric pressure sensor), orientation sensor (for example, magnetic Power meter), the data of location-based service sensor (for example, GPS, radio triangulation) and/or temperature sensor.The sensor can Qian Ru An Installed is into the single device of such as wrist.In other embodiments, additional sensors device could attach to swimmer's Forehead, the rear portion of head, goggles, back, hip, shoulder, thigh, leg and/or foot.

Three potential function components of swimming exercise analysis are as follows：

● stroke count detection --- the stroke for providing every one way counts, and wherein one way is defined as from the one end in pond to opposite End unidirectionally passes through.

● stroke classification of type --- the stroke type of description user is (for example, crawling, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly stroke, breathing arm, stepping on Water (kicking without stroke) directly draws (body streamline), etc.), and can be any one of the following Or combination：

A. the classification for each stroke that user uses

B. the classification of the main stroke type of each complete single trip use.

C. the stroke that each score one way (such as freestyle swimming of half one way, the breaststroke of half one way) uses The classification of type

● one way counts --- the one way that user passes through counted.A method for determining one way is used by detection When family is turned round in pond.

Turn round the 180 degree change for being defined as direction of advance.Detect turn round when, the beginning and end of deducibility one way. Some place (usually at one end or other places) before starting again at swimming in pond suspends (without fortune within the sometime period It is dynamic) it is considered as turning round, as long as subsequent direction of advance is opposite with the direction of advance before pause.

In some embodiments, these function components can be combined in a manner of numerous.

Algorithm structure

Swimming exercise analysis can be executed successively, parallel or to mix order (combinations of some sequential blocks and some parallel frames) Three function components.

Sequential grammar (see Figure 15 A)

In one embodiment, original and/or pretreated sensor can be analyzed by stroke detector algorithm first Signal.The time peak value in motion sensor (for example, accelerometer, gyroscope) can be used in stroke detector algorithm, and (part is most Big value and/or local minimum) as the instruction for having taken stroke.It then, can also be using one or more heuristic rules to move Except the peak value for being not offered as stroke.For example, the magnitude of peak value, the time gap of two neighbouring peak values, peak value to peak value vibration The morphological character (for example, clarity) of width and/or peak value can indicate that certain peak values are not offered as stroke.When sensor offer is one-dimensional When above data (such as 3 axis accelerometers or 3 axis movement sensors+altimeter (amounting to 4 number of axle evidences)), it is contemplated that all Whether the timing and sizes related of the peak value on axis are to be generated by stroke with the peak value on one or more of described axis of determination.

If observing the single peak value for indicating stroke or a group peak value from the multiple data axis for indicating stroke, It can be from detecting previous peak and detecting that the data segments that the time between present peak value obtains extract feature.Feature includes But it is not limited to the maximum and ripple number in minimum value, section, the power that measures in various measurements is (for example, L1 power and L2 Power, standard deviation, average), etc..Extracted feature can be then subjected to machine learning system, wherein off-line calculation system Number (supervised learning) or the adaption systems coefficient (unsupervised learning) when user uses biometric monitoring arrangement.Machine learning system System can return to stroke classification then for each stroke detected.

Turn round detector algorithm can by calculating derivative, rolling average and/or use to sensor, (sensor includes But be not limited in the present invention those of listed sensor) the high-pass filtering of signal carry out sudden change in searching moving.May be used also And/or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) alternatively is executed to signal.If a main component, can be true different from next Surely generation is turned round.Such as the coefficient all or in part of the transformation such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) also is used as feature.Also it can be used Such as self returns the parameter models such as (AR) model.Can then use linear prediction analysis (LPA), least means square (LMS), Recursive least-squares filter (RLS) and/or Kalman Filter Estimation time-varying model parameter.Then compare the model parameter of estimation with It determines in its value with the presence or absence of sudden change.

In one embodiment, the skill level of swimmer and/or swimming pattern (for example, speed) can be from sensing datas Inferred, and is then used to turn round detection.For example, advanced swimmer usually has stronger stroke (that is, big adds Speedometer peak magnitudes), and an one way is completed using less stroke.Therefore, estimate the skill level or characteristic of swimmer Measurement can be used for turning round detection algorithm.These measurements may include, but are not limited to mean motion signal or integrated in motor message Motor message, it is manifestly that, the arm of advanced swimmer is mobile, estimates forward speed and detection pattern.It can also be inputted via user To determine the skill level or other characteristics of swimmer.For example, user can input it and swim for advanced, intermediate or beginner Person.

One from these analyses or many (combination) features can be used to detect data-oriented sample and/or adjacent data Whether sample, which has, is turned round characteristic.For the optimal combination for obtaining feature and decision boundary, it can use machine learning techniques, such as Logistic regression, decision tree, nerve net, etc..

In some embodiments, it is turned round if detected, swimming data increase naturally from it can summarize and previously turn round, Such as stroke number, for each stroke and for the stroke type of one way, split time, etc..It is turned round if be not detected, So renewable stroke counter and type.Except non-user stops swimming, otherwise algorithm can return to stroke count detection.

Parallel method (see Figure 15 B)

In parallel method, some or all of three functional units can be performed in parallel.It for example, can be jointly It executes stroke type detection and turns round detection, and operate independently from stroke count detection.

In these embodiments, two functional groups of implementation in stroke type and the single algorithm turned round can be detected at the same time Part：Stroke type and turn round detection.For example, stroke type is (for example, detect the movement of freestyle swimming, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly stroke Analysis) and turn round type (for example, flip turn (tumble turn), flip crawl turn (flip turn), two hands touch) Classifier can return to detected stroke type or detected turn round type.During the test, can extract the time and Spectrum signature.Moving window can be initially applied to multiple data axis.The statistic of this window section can then be calculated, that is, maximum And the number of the ripple in minimum value, section, the power that measures in various measurements are (for example, L1 power and L2 power, standard deviation Difference, average).Independent component analysis (ICA) and/or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can be applied equally to find preferably to indicate Turn round any hiding signal of type and stroke similar properties.Then (potentially can improve) signal from this indicates to calculate the time Feature.It, can be using various nonparametric filters solutions, low-pass filtering, bandpass filtering, high-pass filtering to enhance for temporal characteristics Need characteristics of signals.

Also the spectrum analysis such as FFT, wavelet transformation, Hilbert (Hilbert) transformation can be applied to this through opening a window Section.Transformation coefficient may be selected to be feature all or in part.Such as AR, rolling average (MA) or ARMA can be used, and (self is returned And rolling average) model parameter model, and can be via auto-correlation and/or partial auto correlation or LPA, LMS, RLS or Kalman Filter finds the parameter of this class model.The all or part of estimated coefficient can be used as feature.

The rolling average window of different length can be run parallel, and provide feature listed above, and can also be by the feature All or part be used as feature.

Machine acquistion coefficient (supervised learning) then can be applied to these extracted features.It can train and then use one Or multiple machine learning techniques, i.e. multiple layers (for example, logistic regression) of binomial linear discriminant analysis, multinomial logic are returned Return, nerve net, decision tree/forest or support vector machines.

As window of interest is mobile, feature can extract, and the feature of these new extractions will be returned via machine learning system It returns stroke type or what is detected turns round.

Stroke detector algorithm can independently of stroke type and turn round detection and run parallel.It can be examined by heuristic rules Survey and select the time peak value of original or prefiltered sensor signal.

Algorithm the summary stage (in the stage, it may be determined that, display and/or store measurement about swimming), can After-treatment applications in the sequence stroke type and are turned round into detection.It, can be together with if turned round with the confirmation of a certain confidence level Detected stroke, which counts, summarizes from the swimming metric data previously turned round.If unconfirmed turn round, rolling average Window can proceed with.Until user stops swimming, algorithm can continue to update the swimming measurement of the exercise about user, include but not It is limited to the sum turned round, the sum of one way, the average stroke number of total, every one way of stroke, the stroke in the last one one way The change of number, every one way stroke number, etc..

Mixed method (see Figure 15 C and 15D)

In mixed method, stroke type and stroke count detection can be concurrently run, is followed by and turns round detection.

Stroke type detection can return to stroke type via the coefficient of machine learning.The desirable sensing of first movement window The segment of device signal.It then can extract the entire feature of feature moving window feature listed herein either Subset.Then the feature that is applied to offline of machine learning coefficient, training can be generated sensing with which determining stroke type The given segment of device signal.

Stroke count detection can simultaneously be run together with stroke type detection.

Once detecting stroke type and counting, inspection can be turned round to execute with the subset of cited entire feature or feature It surveys.

It turns round, the swimming that the completion of a circle is recorded in user can be summarized in measurement if detected.Mistake after can inciting somebody to action Journey is applied to the stroke type detected to determine the stroke type most outstanding of completed circle.Subsequent algorithm, which can be moved into, to be drawn Dynamic type and count detection stage, except non-user stops swimming.It is turned round if be not detected, the algorithm can continue to update When the stroke type of front ring and counting, until being turned round until detecting.

Blood glucose level and heart rate

The biometric monitoring arrangement for continuously measuring biometric signal can provide situation, progress before the disease about disease And the meaningful information restored.These biometric monitoring arrangements can have sensor and run algorithm correspondingly to measure simultaneously Calculate biometric signal, such as heart rate, heart rate variability, the step number carried out, the calorie to be burnt, advanced away from From, weight and body fat, activity intensity, active duration and frequency etc..Other than measured biometric signal, Customer-furnished food intake can be used to record.

In one embodiment, the considerable heart rate measuring of biometric monitoring arrangement and its change with the time, are especially eating Before object intake event and later.Known heart rate is influenced by blood glucose level, and it is well known that elevated blood glucose levels are diabetes Pre-occlusion condition.Therefore, it can be found out via statistical regression and describe passed time (after food intake) and blood glucose level Between relationship mathematical model, wherein it is corresponding to provide to collect data from normal condition, prediabetes and diabetic individual Mathematical model.By the mathematical model, can predict to have specific heart individual whether health, prediabetes Or suffer from diabetes.

It is realised that many heart failure associated with prediabetes or diabetic conditions, it is possible to be based further on use The biometric data at family informs the possible heart failure of these risks, such as coronary disease to the user of biometric monitoring arrangement Disease, cranial vascular disease and peripheral vascular disease etc..

Recommended exercise policy can also be used (for example, by American Heart Association's offer when forming mathematical model Policy (http://www.heart.org/)) activity intensity, type, duration and the frequency that consider user, using as control The independent variable of " probability " of the breaking-out of disease.Many policies about nutrition and Weight management can also be used for academic and be used for general The public is to prevent cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Number can be collectively incorporated by these policies and with the user data of time integral It learns in model, the user data is, for example, the ingredient and weight and body obesity trend of the food of user's consumption.

If user is storing and is showing that its kinsfolk is set as its friend by the social network sites of biometric data, It so can also analyze a possibility that kinsfolk obtains disease and inform result to user.

It, can will be comprising exercise regime and with more healthy ingredient other than informing the latency development of disease to user And the life style of the menu of transmission method recommended is supplied to user.

Grocery store's shopping, culinary art and the unification of food record

Grocery store's tissue and menu identification system

From grocery store shopping receipt can information rich in, especially with respect to individual eating habit.For example, It is presented here by information and the biometric number for the individual such as collected by biometric monitoring arrangement from grocery store's receipt According to the innovative system being combined.The system collects and analyzes the data (information) about individual, and then can recommend can Change the life style of individual to improve the option of their health status.The implementation of this system can be related to cloud computing, be used for The exploitation of the hardware platform of sensing and interface and movement/Website development.

It in one embodiment, can be by grocery store's list (such as from receipt or (for example) when user is when grocery store checks out Obtained from email receipt or invoice) automatically it is emitted to remote data base (for example, Cloud Server), the remote data base The biometric data of user can also be stored.As user to family and the tissue project in their refrigerator and/or pantry, he Smart phone/wrist-watch on application can recommend to abandon in pantry or refrigerator based on the historical data about food item Which project (for example, if food item is expired or may go bad).Instruction food is out of date or should consume in a short time User can be automatically transmitted to independently of such interaction to avoid the prompting of corruption by falling.For example, a certain whenever having met When threshold value (for example, milk will be in expired two days), these promptings can be issued to user.It can also be by except through intelligence Prompting is sent user by means except energy phone/wrist-watch.For example, can by network interface, pass through Email, logical It crosses on laptop computer, tablet computer, desktop PC, or the computer with maintenance and/or analysis food database The prompting is presented to the user by the prompting on any other electronic device directly or indirectly communicated.

By using the updated list of food item and the history food consumption data based on user, the application can be incited somebody to action Menu recommends user.In one embodiment, can to use the project that first eat (for example, expired, rotten or become at its Before more stale than other ingredients) menu give priority.In order to recommend balance in nutrition, correctly distribution and according to user's The best menu of activity and ruling, the application can also also analyze the activity data of user.For example, if user in the morning Weight lifting, then high-protein diet can be recommended.In another example, if user be not it is very movable, menu can be reduced Size to reduce the number of the calorie that final diet contains.

It should be noted that these strategies can be applied to share multiple users of identical food and/or diet.For example, Combined food database can be created for one family, so that if a member in family obtains egg and family from grocery store In another member obtain milk, then both egg and milk will indicate in food database.Similarly, nutrition preference (for example, vegetarian, to certain food irritabilities etc.), activity, basal metabolic rate and total caloric burn can be used to form alignment It is standby and/or buy what food/menu recommendation.

It can provide including (but not limited to) the biometric signal of heart rate and heart rate variability to the precondition of disease Instruction.This information can be used for recommended user's purchase, consumption and/or prepare certain food, suffer from it with preparatory shape to reduce it The risk of the disease of condition.For example, if user has the precondition of cardiac problems, them can be recommended to buy more The less fat-containing food of more vegetables, consumption, and to need the method (for example, not deep-fried) of less oil to prepare food.

It controls " intelligent appliance "

In another embodiment, various household electrical appliances can all have Wi-Fi function, and can be with server communication.Due to application (it can be connected to the household electrical appliances via (for example) cloud or internet) may know which food item refrigerator contains, so institute Stating reduces or increases the temperature of refrigerator with based food project using can communicate with refrigerator.For example, if numerous food product Project is more sensitive to cold, such as vegetables, then can instruct refrigerator increases temperature.The application can also be also via bluetooth, BTLE Or NFC and refrigerator direct communication.

Food record

The application can also based on grocery store's Shopping List (its can (for example) in the list using interior maintenance) with And the food menu recommended of the application and the project for being recorded as the food of user is provided.In the diet cooked in advance (for example, cold Freeze meal) or in the case where do not need before eating any agricultural product being further processed, user can simply enter their meal Dish size (or in user in the case where eating entire diet, user may not be needed input food size) and then by complete eat Product record.Since grocery store's list or menu provide the definite brand and label of certain food, so will can more accurately seek Feeding information is recorded in the account of user.

When user record pass through in accordance with application proposed menu and cook food item when, the application can from Divide and cooking process calculates nutritional information.This, which can provide, more accurately takes the photograph calorie than end product/diet simple tissue The estimation entered, because many menus exist to prepare certain types of food, for example, can be made of beer, turkey, pork etc. The burger of pasta, and the burger may include different degrees of carbohydrate.

It is obtained using the sports metering of sensor device

In some embodiments, sensor can be mounted on the racket such as tennis racket, to help to measure player Different strokes.This is applicable to most of (if not all) racket movements, claps wall including (but not limited to) tennis, short net Ball, squash, table tennis, shuttlecock, lacrosse etc., and the movement that such as baseball, softball, cricket are played with bat.Can also it make The different aspect of golf is measured with similar technology.Such device it is mountable on the bottom of racket, it is on handle or logical Often it is mounted on the shock absorber on cord.This device can have various sensors, such as accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetic force Meter, strain transducer and/or microphone.Data from these sensors can be locally stored or be wirelessly transmitted to intelligent electricity Host system or other wireless receivers in words.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, include accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, microphone etc. Wrist installing type biometric monitoring arrangement it is executable to the game of user or the similar analysis of movement.The monitoring of this biometric Device can take the form of wrist-watch or other belts in the wrist for being worn on user.Measurement or detection bat or racket can be used Shock moment between ball and the racket or ball that this data is wirelessly transmitted to wrist installing type biometric monitoring arrangement Stick installing type sensor can be used for improving the accuracy of these algorithms by accurately measuring with the collision time of ball.

Wrist and racket/bat installing type device can help to the different aspect of the game of measurement user, comprising (but it is unlimited In) stroke type (forehand, service, is tiltedly hit at counterattack), the number of forehand, the number of counterattack, ball rotation direction, upper rotation, service hundred Divide ratio, the angular speed of racket head, recoil, hit energy, impact consistency etc..It microphone or strain transducer can be used to be used as to add The supplement of speedometer is come at the time of identifying ball impact racket/bat.In cricket and baseball, such device can measure recoil, hit The angular speed of bat when hitting, the offside impact number on leg side (baseball).Can also measure swing and lose the number of ball with And defence is to the number of attack stroke.Such device can also have wireless transmitter so that this statistical data to be emitted in real time Scoreboard is emitted to the individual device held by spectators.

Wrist or racket installing type device can have a small amount of button (for example, two), can be used to indicate that by player The fault of unforced property is won or when occurred to tennis when.This will allow algorithm to calculate winner and as forehand to the non-of counterattack The score of the fault of being forced to property.The direct scoring serve in tennis also can be traced to the number of double fault in the algorithm.Such as Two players of fruit use such system, then the system can also automatically track score.

ECG based on cyclist's shank

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, the electrode contacted with left hand can be used and contacted with the right hand Electrode (for example, ECG heart rate measurement) monitor the heart rate of user.Because cycling needs user to contact handlebar with hand Either side, so this specific activities is suited well for tracking user's heart rate using ECG technology.By the way that electrode is embedded in hand In shank or handle club handle or tape, the heart rate of user can be measured when user holds handlebar.For with handle Bicycle (opposite with handlebar tape is used), electrode can be incorporated into can be used for replacing existing handle (for example, be usually not The handle of conductive factory's installation) special handle in.Left handle and right handle, which may be electrically connected to, (for example) to be surveyed using electric wire Measure the electronic device of ECG signal.In the case where handlebar self-conductive, handlebar can be used for for one of handle being electrically connected To the electronic device of measurement ECG signal.The electronic device of measurement ECG signal can be incorporated into one or both of handle.Or Person, the electronic device for measuring ECG signal can be located in individual shell.In one embodiment, this individual shell is mountable In cyclist's shank or handle.It can have the function of that typical bicycle computer has and sensor is (for example, speed passes Sensor, step sensor, GPS sensor).It can also have atypical sensor, such as air velocity transducer, GSR sensor And acceierometer sensor (being potentially also incorporated into handlebar).Technology described in the present invention can be used in this embodiment Activity metric is calculated, including (but not limited to) caloric burn, and by these measurements is emitted to second level and three stage arrangement (examples Such as, smart phone and server).

The electrode of ECG can be incorporated into the part or attachment of bicycle, hold without being incorporated into handle tape and handlebar In, such as it is incorporated into gloves, brake cover, brake lever or handlebar itself.These electrodes or additional electrode can be used To measure GSR, body fat and aquation using the supplement or substitution as heart rate.In an example, it can be used and be sewn on hand Conductive filament (be used as ECG electrode) in the handle tape installed in shank measures the heart rate of user.Handle tape electrode It may be connected to central bicycle computer unit, the center bicycle computer unit contains electronic device to measure GSR, water Cooperation is used and/or heart rate.Biometric monitoring arrangement can show this information over the display.If the aquation or the heart of user Rate is more than a certain threshold value, then can remind user drink it is more, drink it is less, increase intensity or reduce intensity.In bicycle meter In the case that calculation machine only measures one or both of GSR, aquation or heart rate, algorithm can be used to estimate directly to survey The measurement of amount.For example, it if biometric monitoring arrangement only can measure heart rate and duration of exercise, can be used The combination of heart rate and duration of exercise estimates aquation and reminds user when user should drink water.Similarly, can make It is used with heart rate and duration of exercise with being reminded when user should eat or drink thing (for example, sports drink) in addition to water Family.

Indirect measurement estimation

Bicycle computer usually measures a variety of measurements, including (but not limited to) speed, step, power and wind speed.Just The formula monitoring arrangement of taking do not measure these measurements or not with can be capable of supply that the device of these measurements communicate in the case where, usable institute The sensor that portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement has is stated to infer these and other measurement.In one embodiment, described Portable biometric, which measures monitoring arrangement, can measure heart rate.This measured value can be used to infer/estimate the power of user's positive output in it Amount.Such as other measurements such as age, height and weight of user can help to inform dynamometry value.Such as GPS measurement Speed, height above sea level increase/reduction, bicycle posture (to measure the inclination or gradient on slope) and accelerometer signal are equal Outer sensing data can be used for further informing that power is estimated.In one embodiment, can be used heart rate and power output it Between the relationship of approximately linear calculate the power output of user.

In one embodiment, monitoring arrangement is measured from portable biometric in user and can be used as baseline during calibration But in the case where the secondary device that the time later does not use obtains data, calibration phase (for example, power meter) can occur.This can Allow to determine the sensing data measured by portable monitoring device and by the pass between the sensing data of secondary device measurement System.Then work as and secondary device is not present to calculate the data not provided by secondary device but clearly by biometric monitoring arrangement When estimated value, this relationship can be used.

Based on movable Automatic dispatching

It in one embodiment, can be based on the information in the calendar (or Email or text message) of user come for user Daily traveling requirement (working is come off duty, between meeting) is dispatched, target is to meet daily routines target or long term activity of earthquake mesh Mark.The historical data of user can be used to help to plan to meet target and also required both transit times.This feature can It is combined with friend or colleague.The scheduling can be completed so, so that user can meet with friend on the road that its walking is gone to work, or Colleague is met on Na Tiaolu carries out meeting (but user may need to set meeting point).If the biometric in user monitors There are real time communications between device and the friend of user, if the data of the biometric monitoring arrangement from friend indicate them Friend run later, then the bootable longer route of user's walking.

In another embodiment, can (all or part) based on the degree of approach of user and user come to user suggest walking/ Running/health route.For these recommend data can also or extraly based on the GPS information from other users.If deposited In real time communication, then the busy route or quiet route of preference can be directed the user to.It is realised that the heart about other users Rate and basic health and fitness information allow one route of system recommendations to match the general level of the health and desired exercise/effort water of user It is flat.This information can be re-used for planning/guiding activity/health objectives of longer-term to user.

Position/background sensing and application

By one or more methods, the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement disclosed herein, which has, can determine or estimate Count the position of biometric monitoring arrangement or the sensor of background (for example, in bus, at home, in the car).It can make With dedicated location sensor, such as GPS, GLONASS or other GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) sensor.Alternatively, cocoa Position is inferred, estimates or guessed using the sensor of lower accuracy.It is wherein being difficult to know some implementations of the position of user In example, user's input can assist determining position and/or the background of user.For example, if sensing data makes it difficult to really Determining user is in the car or in bus, then biometric monitoring arrangement or communicating just with biometric monitoring arrangement Portable electronic apparatus or the Cloud Server communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement can be presented to user and be inquired, thus ask user they It rides in a bus today or by bus.Similar inquiry can be carried out for the position other than vehicle context.For example, such as Fruit sensing data instruction user completes strenuous exercise, but there is no the position datas that instruction user goes to body-building shop, then Can ask whether they have gone to body-building shop today to user.

Vehicle transport detection

In some embodiments, can be used biometric monitoring arrangement sensor and/or with biometric monitoring arrangement The portable electronic device of communication and/or the Cloud Server communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement determine that user or once existed In what kind of vehicle (if there is).It should be noted that in the examples below, being communicated in one or more biometric monitoring arrangements And/or the sensor in portable electronic device can be used for sensing coherent signal.It shall yet further be noted that can use example in the following description One or more alternative associations such as RFID, NFC or cellular phone also can be used in such as WiFi or bluetooth specific network protocols View.

In one embodiment, the detection to blue-tooth device associated with vehicle can be used to infer user in vehicle In.For example, user can have the automobile for possessing bluetooth multimedia system.When user and their automobile get close enough simultaneously When the long enough period, sensor device can recognize the bluetooth recognition of multimedia system and assume user in automobile In.The data from other sensors can be used to confirm the hypothesis of user in the car.It can be used from other sensors Data or signal confirm that the example of user in the car includes GPS velocity measured value higher than 30mph and as in automobile In characteristic accelerometer signal.Bluetooth ID intrinsic information can be used for determining that it is the Wi-Fi router or vehicle of vehicle Type.For example, the bluetooth ID of the router in automobile can be " Audi's car multimedia ".Keyword " Audi " or " vehicle " can For guessing that router is associated with type of vehicle " automobile ".Alternatively, the data of bluetooth ID and its associated vehicle can be used Library.

In one embodiment, can by the user of biometric monitoring arrangement or by portable communication appts data come Creation or the database for updating bluetooth ID and its associated vehicle.This can user input auxiliary under and/or do not using It is completed under the auxiliary of family input.In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement can determine its whether in the car, vehicle Type or particular vehicle without the use of bluetooth ID and its encounter the bluetooth ID moved together with vehicle, then it can be by bluetooth ID With the information about vehicle be sent to central database with by by catalog classification be bluetooth ID corresponding with vehicle.Alternatively, if User prior point input about they or once the information of vehicle wherein and exist and in user indicate that they once existed The bluetooth ID encountered when during the time in the vehicle or close to the time, then bluetooth ID and information of vehicles can be sent To central database and it is associated with each other.

In another embodiment, the detection to Wi-Fi device associated with vehicle can be used to infer user at that In vehicle or type of vehicle.Some trains, bus, aircraft, automobile and other vehicles have Wi-Fi router wherein. It can detect and inferred using the SSID of router or assist deduction user in particular vehicle or type of vehicle.

In one embodiment, it can be created with the user of biometric monitoring arrangement or by portable communication appts data Build or update the database of SSID and its associated vehicle.This can be under the auxiliary that user inputs and/or defeated in no user It is completed under the auxiliary entered.In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement can determine its whether in the car, vehicle class Type or particular vehicle without the use of SSID and its encounter the SSID moved together with vehicle, then biometric monitoring arrangement can will SSID and information about vehicle be sent to central database with by by catalog classification for SSID corresponding with vehicle.Alternatively, such as Fruit user prior point input about they or once the information of vehicle wherein and exist and indicate them once in user The SSID encountered during the time in the vehicle or when close to the time, then SSID and information of vehicles can be sent to It central database and is associated with each other.

In another embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement, position sensor can be used to determine the track of user.With The database of the route of this track passage mode different from being used for can be compared afterwards.Passage mode may include (but being not limited to) Walking, running, cycling, drive, ride in a bus, by train, multiply tramcar, take the subway, and/or by motorcycle.If The track of user and the route of special pass mode are well corresponding, then it can be assumed that user pass through that the route spent when Between the passage mode is once used during the period.It should be noted that the speed for completing the section of route or route can improve to current mould The conjecture of formula.For example, both bus and automobile can use same routes, but volume of the bus at bus station It is outer stop allow device determine user once rode in a bus rather than automobile.Similarly, cycling passes through a road with driving Differentiation between line can be assisted by the typical differences of the speed between the two.This speed difference may also depend upon day When.For example, some routes can be slower due to automobile during peak period.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be existed based on the measurement in the magnetic field of vehicle to detect user In vehicle or near vehicle.In some embodiments, also can be used usually associated with vehicle position (for example, railway station, Subway station, bus stop, garage) magnetic field signature come infer user currently, will or in the car.It signs in magnetic field It is non-time-varying or time-varying.

If it is determined that user once actually in time period in the car, then can modify about the other of user Measurement is to reflect state.It can measure the step number for example carried out, institute in biometric monitoring arrangement and/or portable electronic device In the case where the activity metrics such as the distance walked or run, the height above sea level climbed and/or the calorie to be burnt, can based on about The information that vehicle is advanced modifies these measurements.If any carried out step number or climbed during user is in the car Height above sea level is improperly recorded, then can remove it from the record of the measurement about user.It can also be from the measurement about user Record remove derived from the step number carried out or the height above sea level climbed that improperly record measurement, such as advanced away from From with the calorie that is burnt.Can determine in real time or near real-time user whether in the car in the case where, inspection can be closed The sensor for the measurement (for example, the step number carried out or the stair climbed) that survey measures in the car when should not be, or can close The algorithm for measuring these measurements is closed, to prevent the measurement (and saving electric power) improperly recorded.It should be noted that can remember The measurement that record is used about vehicle is (for example, the type of the vehicle multiplied, the time multiplied take which route and route to spend How long) and be later used to this data be presented to user and/or other activities and physiological measurements of the correction about user.

It is sensed using the position of bluetooth

The method for the method for being similar to that described above can be used also to determine when user connects in biometric monitoring arrangement Nearly static position.In one embodiment, the bluetooth ID of the computer at restaurant or shop (for example, tablet computer) can For determining the position of user.In another embodiment, half from portable communication appts (for example, smart phone) can be used Bluetooth ID is fixed to determine the position of user.In the case where the semifixed source bluetooth ID, it may be desired to which multiple bluetooth ID reach use The acceptable level of confidence of the position at family.For example, the database of the bluetooth ID of the colleague of user can be created.If with In the range of family is located at several persons in these bluetooths ID during the typical working time, then it can be assumed that user is working. The detection to other bluetooth ID can be used also to record when two users meet by chance.It for example, can be by analyzing pedometer number According to bluetooth ID and determine user together with another user go out go jogging.These similar concepts are filed on March 5th, 2014 It discusses in further detail in 61/948th, No. 468 U.S. provisional patent application cases, and previously with respect to these concepts to quote Mode is incorporated to.

The uncertain measurement of location-based GPS

When merging sensor signal with estimated information biometric with GPS signal (for example, step number, pace of life, speed The path of degree or route) when, the quality of GPS signal is usually non-often with informedness.It is well known, however, that GPS signal quality is time-varying , and one of the factor for influencing signal quality is ambient enviroment.

Location information can be used to estimate GPS signal quality.Server can storage region type map, wherein passing through evil Change the number and type of the object of GPS signal to predefine area type.The type may be, for example,：Building area Water area and wood land, open area, are leaned at small building object area in domain.It, can be with number before it when GPS sensor is opened A location estimation (its expection is more rough and incorrect) inquires these area types.Estimated by the coarse GPS of position, can be returned Possible area type is returned, and then can consider these area types when calculating GPS signal q&r.

For example, if user is in urban canyons (the circular region by high building) (for example, San Francisco urban district) Near or, then low certainty may be associated with the measurement of any GNSS location.This certainty can be later by attempting at least partly Determine that the algorithm of the track of user, speed and/or elevation is used based on GPS data.

In one embodiment, the data from one or more GNSS sensors can be used to be automatically created position and GPS The database of signal quality.By the way that the track GNSS is compared with street map and checks when GNSS sensor shows user It advances (for example, there is 10mph or higher speed) along street but its track is not located at the characteristic on road, and automatically hold Capable this compares.It can also infer from the map that wherein there is high building, valley or intensive forest is shown based on apparent position The deterministic database of GPS.

It is sensed using the position of vehicle GNSS and/or dead reckoning

Many vehicles have integrated form GNSS navigation system.The user of vehicle without integrated form GNSS navigation system is normal It is often their automobile purchase GNSS navigation system, the GNSS navigation system is usually non-permanently mounted on the view of driver In open country.In one embodiment, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can be communicated with the GNSS system of vehicle.Wherein just It takes in the case that formula biometric monitoring arrangement is also used for tracing positional, location information can be received from vehicle GNSS.It can make Biometric monitoring arrangement can close the GNSS sensor (in the case where it is with the sensor) of its own, therefore subtract Its few power consumption.

In addition to GNSS location detection other than, vehicle can emit about its steering wheel orientation and/or its relative to the earth The data of the orientation in magnetic field, using the supplement as its speed such as measured using tire size and tire rotation speed.This letter Breath, which can be used for not obtaining in the case that reliable position measures in vehicle without the GNSS system of GNSS system or vehicle, to be held Row dead reckoning is to determine track and/or position.The location information of dead reckoning can be supplemented from biometric monitoring arrangement GNSS sensing data.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can reduce its to GNSS data sampling frequency, and The position determined by dead reckoning is filled in gap between GNSS location data.

The step counter data fusion determined with satellite-based position

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, the data fusion from various different sensors can be existed It is newly seen clearly with providing about the movable of wearer of biometric monitoring arrangement together.For example, it is supervised from biometric The data of altimeter in view apparatus can with pass through the accelerometer data to the accelerometer from biometric monitoring arrangement Execute peak detection analysis and the step enumeration data that obtains is combined, with determine biometric monitoring arrangement wearer when (for example) stair climbing or walk to go up a slope (with elevator or escalator is sat or flat ground of passing by is opposite).

In another example of Data Fusion of Sensor, the data from step counter for example discussed herein above can with from Distance measure derived from GPS data is combined to provide the fine estimation for the total distance advanced in given window.Citing For, can be used Kalman filter by based on GPS distance or speed data is at a distance from based on step counter or speed (makes With the step number carried out multiplied by span) it is combined, to obtain fine distance estimations, the fine distance estimations are than individually Distance or velocity measurement based on GPS or the distance based on step counter or velocity measurement are more acurrate.In another embodiment party In case, can be used as such as by the smoothing constant of the function of the leg speed rate of (for example) accelerometer measures come to based on GPS away from It is filtered from measured value.These embodiments are discussed further in No. 61/973,614 U.S. filed on April 1st, 2014 In temporary patent application case, the application case was previously herein incorporated by reference herein " joins the intersection of related application Examine " section in, and the application case again herein about alignment using from satellite-based positioning system and step sensor for countering Data distance or velocity estimation fining content and be herein incorporated by reference.

Biometric and environment/exercise performance correlation

Some embodiments of portable monitoring device described herein can detect a variety of data, include biometric number According to, environmental data and activity data.This all data can be analyzed or are presented to the user to promote to two or more classes The analysis of the degree of correlation between the data of type.In one embodiment, the heart rate of user can be with car speed, cycling speed Degree, velocity, swimming rate or walking speed are related.For example, it can be presented on to user in X-axis and draw cycling speed Degree and the chart that heart rate is drawn in Y-axis.In another example, the heart rate of user can be related to the music that user listens to.Biology Metering monitoring arrangement any sound can be once listened to about user to receive by the wireless connection (for example, bluetooth) to auto radio Happy data.In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can also itself serve as music player, and what therefore can record When which song played.

Weight lifting auxiliary

In the case where the auxiliary of no personal coach or partner, it may be difficult to be properly completed weight lifting routine.It is portable Formula biometric monitoring arrangement can be by transmitting how long they should go up each weight of act, how soon they should lift weight to user Object, they how soon should reduce weight and to execute each duplicate number lifted, and can assist user complete weight lifting routine. One or more EMG sensors or strain transducer can be used to measure the contraction of muscle of user in biometric monitoring arrangement.May be used also By measure the vibrations (for example, using accelerometer) of one or more physical feelings, one or more body parts sweat (for example, Use GSR sensor), rotation (for example, using gyroscope) and/or one or more physical feelings on temperature sensor, to push away The contraction of muscle of disconnected user.Alternatively, sensor can be placed on weight lifting equipment itself with determine using when lift and they It lifts or reduced speed, they lift duration and they have executed the number of repetition lifted.

In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement or weight lifting equipment detect user just close to their mistake The limit (when user's no longer sustainable weight) is lost, then weight lifting equipment automatically lifting heavy or can prevent weight from reducing.? In another embodiment, the manipulator that communicates with biometric monitoring arrangement or weight lifting equipment automatically lifting heavy or can prevent weight Object reduces.This allows user (to be used to the limit for itself pushing them to the case where failing without partner/witness Lower lifting heavy) and not from the risk of injury for falling weight.

Blood glucose level monitoring auxiliary

In some embodiments, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can be configured to assist needing to monitor its blood glucose level User (for example, diabetic).In one embodiment, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can infer user indirectly Blood glucose level or measurement relevant to the blood glucose level of user.It can be used in addition to commonly used in the monitoring blood glucose monitoring (company of use Continuous or discrete finger punctures the sensor of type) sensor except sensor as typical blood glucose monitoring method Supplement or substitution are assisted as it.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be based on from biometric monitoring arrangement The data of sensor measurement and to user reminding, they should check its blood glucose level.If user executes in certain time measures The activity of certain type, then their blood glucose level may reduce, and therefore, biometric monitoring arrangement can show and mention Wake up, generate audible prompts, or vibration, remind the user that they blood glucose may it is lower and they should use typical blood glucose survey Device (for example, blood glucose monitor that finger punctures type) is measured to check blood glucose.Biometric monitoring arrangement allows user defeated Enter the blood glucose level measured from blood-glucose meter.Alternatively, can by it is blood sugar measured be automatically emitted to biometric monitoring arrangement and/or The 3rd device (for example, smart phone or server) directly or indirectly communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement.This blood glucose measurement Value can be used for informing when the prompting of next blood glucose level should be delivered to by the algorithm used by biometric monitoring arrangement with determination User.User may also be able to have eaten, eating or planned to eat them what food be input to biometric monitoring arrangement or The device directly or indirectly communicated with biometric monitoring arrangement.This information can also be used in when determination should remind user to check him Blood glucose level.Other measurements described herein and sensing data can also be used separately or in combination (for example, the heart Rate data) determine the blood glucose that user when should be reminded to check them.

Other than being reminded when that should check blood glucose level, biometric monitoring arrangement may also display current blood glucose water Flat estimation.In another embodiment, it can be supervised by secondary device (for example, smart phone or server) using from biometric The data of view apparatus are to estimate the blood glucose level of user and/or this data is presented to the user (for example, by smart phone The data are shown on upper, webpage, and/or by via data described in radio transmitting).

Biometric monitoring arrangement can also be used to keep exercise, diet and other factors related to blood glucose level.This can be assisted User understands front or counter productive of these factors to their blood glucose level.Can by user using different device (for example, Finger punch through style monitor or continuous blood sugar monitor), by biometric monitoring arrangement itself, and/or by inferring blood glucose Measurements relevant to blood glucose level horizontal or using other sensors, to measure blood glucose level relevant to activity.In biology In some embodiments for measuring monitoring arrangement, the wearable continuous blood sugar monitoring arrangement of user and biometric monitoring arrangement.This two Data about activity and blood glucose level can automatically be uploaded to third computing device (for example, server) by a device.Service Device then can analyze the data and/or be presented to the user the data, so that user more understands their activity and blood Relationship between sugar level.The server also can receive and (eat for example, user can input them about the input of the diet of user What food) and keep the diet related to blood glucose level.By help user understand diet, exercise and other factors (for example, It is nervous) their blood glucose level how is influenced, biometric monitoring arrangement can assist the user with diabetes.

UV exposure detection

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can monitor the exposure of individual to UV radiation.One can be passed through A or multiple sensor measurement UVA and UVB.For example, have the photodiode for the bandpass filter for only passing through UVA can UVA exposure is detected, and there is the photodiode for the bandpass filter for only passing through UVB can detect UVB exposure.Phase also can be used Machine or reflectometer (determining that light is reflected off the optical transmitting set and photodetector of the efficiency of skin) measure the skin pigment of user It is calm.Using UVA, UVB and cutaneous pigmentation data, biometric monitoring arrangement can be provided a user to be subjected to about it The information of UV exposed amount.A possibility that about over-exposure, the sunburn for arriving UV and increase can also be provided in biometric monitoring arrangement The estimation or alarm of a possibility that its risk of skin cancer.

Using user, there are the savings of the screen power of sensor

Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can have one or more displays to present information to user.In a reality It applies in example, the sensor on biometric monitoring arrangement can determine that user is just using biometric monitoring arrangement and/or wearing life Object measures monitoring arrangement to determine the state of display.For example, the biometric monitoring arrangement with PPG sensor can make Use PPG sensor as proximity sensor to determine when user wears biometric monitoring arrangement.If user adorns oneself with Biometric monitoring arrangement, then the typicalness that can turn off from it of the state (for example, color LCD screen) of screen change to " on " or " stand-by ".

Power relative to satellite-based position determination system is saved

It in some embodiments, include that certain systems in biometric monitoring arrangement may be monitored with biometric Other systems in device are compared to the relatively large amount of power of consumption.It is attributed to the small space of many biometric monitoring arrangements about Beam, this can seriously affect the overall cell charge life of biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, it is monitored in some biometrics It may include satellite-based position determination system in device.GPS is come from whenever using using satellite-based position determination system When the data of satellite group obtain positioning, the power drawn from biometric monitoring arrangement battery is used.Biometric monitoring Device can be configured to change satellite-based position determination system based on one or more biographies from biometric monitoring arrangement The data of sensor obtain the frequency of positioning.This adaptive location frequency functionalities can help power saving while still allow satellite-based Position determination system provides positioning with useful interval (in due course).

For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement has ambient light sensor, it can be used and passed from environment light The data of sensor determine whether illumination condition indicates that biometric monitoring arrangement may be indoors rather than in outdoor.If Interior, then biometric monitoring arrangement, which can cause location frequency to be set to, seems instruction biometric lower than in illumination condition The level of monitoring arrangement workable location frequency at outdoor.This has is tasted when reducing biometric monitoring arrangement indoors The effect of the positioning number of examination, and be therefore less likely to obtain good location using satellite-based position determination system.

In another example, if the pendant of the motion sensor instruction biometric monitoring arrangement of biometric monitoring arrangement Wearer is substantially fixed, such as sleeps or do not move substantially and be greater than several feet per minute, then satellite-based position is true The location frequency for determining system can be set to wearer's (example during exercise than motion sensor instruction biometric monitoring arrangement Such as, from a position walking or running to another location, for example, mobile be greater than several feet) the case where low level.

In a further example, actually whether biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured to determine biometric monitoring arrangement It is worn by people, if it is not, so location frequency can be set to than biometric monitoring arrangement reality by biometric monitoring arrangement The low level of the case where being worn on border.It can be for example in the exercise data collected from the motion sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement Indicate that biometric monitoring arrangement is substantially fixed (for example, even in the when biometer for showing wearer's sleep or sitting Measure monitoring arrangement undergo it is small mobile when it is also not fixed) when or for example from heartbeat waveform sensor data instruction not Detect these determinations for carrying out whether being worn about biometric monitoring arrangement when heart rate.Optics heartbeat waveform is sensed Device, if light source switches and exist when turning off in the light quantity that light detecting sensors detects it is few change, this can refer to Show following facts：Heartbeat waveform sensor does not compress the skin of people, and infers that biometric monitoring arrangement is not worn.This is adaptive Satellite-based position determination system location frequency concept is answered to be discussed in more detail the 61/th filed on March 18th, 2014 In 955, No. 045 U.S. provisional patent application cases, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously " to the intersection of related application With reference to " be incorporated herein by reference in part and again hereby about satellite-based position determination system up and down The content pointed out at power saving in text and be herein incorporated by reference.

It will be appreciated that biometric monitoring arrangement also may include above other than the feature comprising discussed in further detail below One or more feature or functions discussed or discussed in being incorporated by reference above the various application cases in discussing.These Embodiment is interpreted as within the scope of the invention.

There are described herein and explanation many concepts and embodiment.Although being described herein and having illustrated certain realities Apply example, feature, attribute and advantage, it should be appreciated that apparent many other and different and/or similar from description and explanation Embodiment, feature, attribute and advantage.Above embodiments are only provided as example as a result,.It is not intended in detail or incites somebody to action The present invention is limited to revealed precise forms, technology, material and/or configuration.According to the present invention, many modifications and variation are possible 's.It should be understood that using other embodiments, and operation change can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.As a result, The scope of the present invention is not limited in above description, because retouching for above embodiments is presented for purposes of illustration and description It states.

Importantly, the present invention neither limited to any single aspect or embodiment, is also not necessarily limited to these aspects and/or implements Any combination and/or arrangement of example.In addition, can individually or jointly in other aspects and/or the embodiment of the present invention one or More persons and for the use of of the invention and/or each of embodiment.It for simplicity, will not herein individually Discuss and/or illustrate those arrangement and combination in it is many those of.

Claims

1. a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement comprising：

Motion detection sensor is configured to provide to correspond to and wears the movement that the user of the body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out Output；

Heartbeat waveform sensor；And

Control logic is configured to：

(a) the concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor is collected and from the defeated of the motion detection sensor Data out, wherein the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor provides the information of the heart rate about the user, And wherein the output data from the motion detection sensor provides the week about the user other than heartbeat The mobile information of phase property body；

(b) output data from the motion detection sensor is converted into frequency-region signal from time-domain signal, and determined Frequency component in the frequency-region signal of the output data from the motion detection sensor；

(c) output data from the motion detection sensor is analyzed, to determine selected from two kinds or transport more than two kinds The motor activity type of the user of dynamic Activity Type；

(d) based on the determined motor activity type of the user identified in (c), it is determined that the movement of application is mended It repays；

(e) using the frequency component of the output data from the motion detection sensor from from the heartbeat wave The output data of shape sensor removes respective frequencies component；

(f) heart rate of the user is determined；And

(g) heart rate of the user is presented.

2. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the heartbeat waveform sensor is photoelectricity volume Map sensor comprising (i) periodicity light source, (ii) are located to receive after interacting with the skin of the user by described The photodetector and (iii) of the periodical light of light source transmitting determine the electricity of the heart rate of the user from the output of the photodetector Road.

3. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 2, wherein photocapacitance product map sensor further wraps Shell is included, the shell has the dimple for being mounted with the photodetector.

4. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 3, wherein photocapacitance product map sensor is described outer Shell further comprises the second dimple for being mounted with the periodical light source.

5. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 2, wherein photocapacitance product map sensor further wraps Include the in-mold label film on the photodetector and the periodical light source.

6. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the control logic be further configured to from The output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor removes the harmonic wave of the respective frequencies component.

7. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 6, wherein from described in the motion detection sensor The frequency component of output data is the mobile fundamental frequency generated of periodicity from the user.

8. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein in order to from from the heartbeat waveform sensor The output data remove respective frequencies component, the control logic is further configured to for sef-adapting filter being applied to The output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and the output data from the motion detection sensor.

9. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein in order to from from the heartbeat waveform sensor The output data remove respective frequencies component, the control logic is further configured to answer sef-adapting filter function For the output data from the motion detection sensor, the sef-adapting filter function, which minimizes, comes from the heart Jump the difference between the output data of model transducer and the output data from motion detection sensor.

10. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein control logic be further configured to carry out with Lower operation：

The output data from motion detection sensor is analyzed to infer that user is substantially stationary；And

Temporary hang up (e).

11. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein motion detection sensor is accelerometer or gyro Instrument.

12. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein in order to from the heartbeat waveform sensor collection Output data, the control logic are further configured to perform the following operation：

The light source in the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is set to pulse at the first frequency；And

The light from the light source is detected under the first frequency.

13. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 12, wherein described in order to make under the first frequency Light source pulsation, the control logic are further configured to emit a series of light pulses of substantially constant intensity.

14. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein in order to which the heart rate of the user is presented, it is described Control logic is further configured on the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement and the heart rate is presented.

15. wearable body-building monitoring arrangement according to claim 1, wherein in order to which the heart rate of the user is presented, it is described Control logic is further configured on the external device (ED) periodically communicated with the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement and presents The heart rate.