CA2067515C - Sealed cartridge for the preparation of a beverage - Google Patents
Sealed cartridge for the preparation of a beverageInfo
- Publication number
- CA2067515C CA2067515C CA002067515A CA2067515A CA2067515C CA 2067515 C CA2067515 C CA 2067515C CA 002067515 A CA002067515 A CA 002067515A CA 2067515 A CA2067515 A CA 2067515A CA 2067515 C CA2067515 C CA 2067515C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- plastic
- aluminium
- cup
- cover
- thick
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
- B65D85/804—Disposable containers or packages with contents which are mixed, infused or dissolved in situ, i.e. without having been previously removed from the package
- B65D85/8043—Packages adapted to allow liquid to pass through the contents
- B65D85/8061—Filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Apparatus For Making Beverages (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Packging For Living Organisms, Food Or Medicinal Products That Are Sensitive To Environmental Conditiond (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
- Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a sealed cartridge which is intended to be extracted under pressure and which contains a substance (3) for the preparation of a beverage, comprising a cup (2) with an upper face, a substantially frusto-conical lateral wall and a lower face (4) larger in diameter than the upper face, in which the lower face is a cover welded to the periphery of the lower lip of the cup and is made of a flexible material impermeable to oxygen selected from the group consisting of aluminium, an aluminium/plastic composite, an aluminium/plastic/paper composite, a pure plastic or a multilayer plastic.
Description
~ ~ 6 ~ .3 This invention relates to a sealed cartridge which is designed to be extracted under pressure and which contains a substance for the preparation of a beverage, comprising a cup with a base and a substantially frustoconical lateral wall and a circular lip larger in diameter than the base.
GB-PS 938,617 describes a cartridge with an internal filter forming two compartments and intended to be extrac-ted by a system which pierces its lower and upper faces before extraction. The disadvantage of this cartridge is that, due to the thickness of the faces, it necessitates the use of a relatively dangerous piercing system which ensures neither perfect cleanness during the extraction nor easy release on completion of extraction.
There are several reas~ns for the use of capsules ~or the preparation of a beverage, above all in the field of espresso type cof~ees extracted under pressure, namely:
hygiene, optimal keeping of the co~Pee, ease of use, better control of the quality of the coffee obtained and good reproducibility of the extraction conditions. Among the large number of available capsules, only sealed capsules which open under the effect of the injected water pressure really satisfy the requirements mentioned above. Capsules of this type are distinguished by their opening system.
The capsules according to C~ 605 293 have we~kene~
zones which tear preferentially under the effect of pres-sure. This solution has the disadvantage of increasing the complexity and price of the capsule because the mate:rials used have to be treated very precisely if ~pening o~E the capsule i~ to be correct and reproducible.
The cartridge according to the present invention is far lower in price, considerably easier to ~anufacture and may be used for the preparation of a beverage, particularly espresso cof~ee, i.e. in which the coffee is extracted under a pressure of 1 to 15 bar.
:: , .
.:
~$7$~.i The present invention relates to a sealed cartridge according to the preamble of claim 1, comprising a cover welded to the periphery of the lip of the cup, the cover consisting of a flexible material impe.rmeable to oxygen S selected from the group consisting of aluminium, an alumin-ium/plastic composite, an aluminium/plastic/paper com-posite, pure plastic or multilayer plastic and the cover or the base being intende~ to tear solely under the effect of the pressure of the extraction fluid at the beginning of the extrartion process. Tha advantaqe o~ this cartridge is that it does not have a filter or a weakened zone in the strict sense.
The cartridge according to the invention may ~e extracted by the process and with the system according to European patent application 91 107 462.3. The extraction system according to this patent application enables this simplified capsule to be extracted under good conditions.
To extract the capsule, it is either the cover or the base of the cup which is torn under the effect of the extraction fluid. If it is the cover, the base of the cup is first op~ned by the water injector during introduction o~ the cartridge into the extraction system and the cover is torn therein during the i~crease in pressure and, after use, the cartridge can be removed easily and intact with a ~;ni of waste co~fee grounds or packaging material.
The cover is normally welded to the periphery of the cup by heat sealing, the parts to be welded comprising a welding lacquer on their opposite faces. The lower l:ip o~
the cup may also be folded back onto t~e cover for crimp-ing. Welding either on its own or in conjunction withcrimping gives a cartridge which is capable of withstanding pressures of up to 15 bar during the extraction proce~s.
The cartridge is ~illed with a substance for the preparation of a beverage. This substance is preferably roasted and ground coffee, but may also be tea, soluble : ' - ~;
~ ~ ~ r~
coffee, a mixture oP ground coffee and soluble coffee, a chocolate-bassd product or any other dehydrated edible substance.
The cup i5 a frustoconical, hemispherical or frusto-pyramidal element. The base of the cup does not neces-sarily have to be flat, but may also assume the above-mentioned geometries.
The main part of the capsule, namely the cup which may be frustoconical in shape and semirigid, may be made of 10 aluminium between 20 and lOO ~m thick, pure pla~tic or multilayer pla~tic, optionally with an oxygen barrier layer, such as EVOH or PVDC, a multilayer film, such as cardboard~aluminium/plastic or cardboard~plastic optionally with an oxygen barrier layer, uch as E~OH of PVDC.
The flexible cover of the capsule may be made of aluminium 15 to 60 ~m thick or of a multilayer ~il~ com-prising either 20 to 60 g/m2 paper, plastic, such as 20 to 60 ~m thick polyethylene, and 5 to 2Q ~m thick aluminium or EVOH or P~DC 5 to 30 ~m thick and plastic (PP, PE, P~) 20 20 to 100 ~m thick or PET ~5 to 30 ~m) and plastic (PP, ~E) 20 to 100 ~m ~hiak or metallized PET or PET provided with an upper barrier layer, such as SiO2. A multilayer combina-tion of paper and aluminiu~ may also be used.
Of these materials, aluminium tears the most easily 25 and cleanly; where a multilayer film is used, the presence of the paper fibres and the stretching of the plastic layer enable a network ~o be formed at the location of the tears which is favourable for keeping the base of the capsule intact and reducing the dispersion of the coffee grounds 30 while, at the same time, ensuring homogeneous extraction of the layer of coffee.
To prevent coffee grounds from being dispersed on the flow grill, an additional layer based on filter paper or woven or non-woven fibres hased on PET or PP is provided.
35 In one configuration, this layer may be arranged between ~ ~ 6 ~
the body of the capsule and the cover and may be bonded or welded to those two elements. This material may have a density of 20 to 50 g/m2. In another configuration of the capsule, the layer o~ filter paper or woven or nonwoven fibres may be arranged on the outside o~ the capsule and bonded or welded to the cover.
The cartridge according to the invention may vary in size according to the volume of coffee to be prepared. The coffee dose may vary from 5 to 20 g, the diameter of the cartridge is between 2.5 and 6 rm and the thickness of the coffee layer is between 10 and 25 mm.
The invention is described in more detail in the ~ollowing with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
~igure 1 diagrammatically illustrates the cartridge according to the invention.
Figure 2 diagrammatically illustrates a second embodi-ment.
Figure 3 diagrammatically illustrates a third embodi-ment.
The cartri~ge ~1) compri~es a cup ~2) with a base (5~
and a frustoconical l~teral wall (6)~ The cup is made of 50 ~m thick aluminium. The cartridge contains roasted coffee (3) a~d i5 closed by a cover (4~ of aluminium~paper r~ ~o~ite. The cover is welded to the periphery (7) oE the lip of the cup.
The cartridge (8) in Fig. 2 comprises a cup 12) identical with that shown in Fig. 1 except that the lip (9) o~ the cup is wider and can thus be folded back, i.e.
crimped onto the periphery of the cover (4)~ The material used is the same as in Fig. 1.
The cartridge (30) in Fig. 3 comprises on the cover (4) a paper filter (31) which is welded to th~ periphery of the cover and to the periphery o~ the cup (2)0 The cartridge according to the invention is of the .
. . . ~ .
,, :
i~ ~'7 $ ~
type which opens under the effect of pressure, but is simpler and more economical than known cartridges in terms of design and production.
Explanation of the abbreviativns:
.
PV~C = polyvinylidene chloride EVOH = copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol PP = polypropylene PE = polyethylene PET = polyester PA = polyamide .
GB-PS 938,617 describes a cartridge with an internal filter forming two compartments and intended to be extrac-ted by a system which pierces its lower and upper faces before extraction. The disadvantage of this cartridge is that, due to the thickness of the faces, it necessitates the use of a relatively dangerous piercing system which ensures neither perfect cleanness during the extraction nor easy release on completion of extraction.
There are several reas~ns for the use of capsules ~or the preparation of a beverage, above all in the field of espresso type cof~ees extracted under pressure, namely:
hygiene, optimal keeping of the co~Pee, ease of use, better control of the quality of the coffee obtained and good reproducibility of the extraction conditions. Among the large number of available capsules, only sealed capsules which open under the effect of the injected water pressure really satisfy the requirements mentioned above. Capsules of this type are distinguished by their opening system.
The capsules according to C~ 605 293 have we~kene~
zones which tear preferentially under the effect of pres-sure. This solution has the disadvantage of increasing the complexity and price of the capsule because the mate:rials used have to be treated very precisely if ~pening o~E the capsule i~ to be correct and reproducible.
The cartridge according to the present invention is far lower in price, considerably easier to ~anufacture and may be used for the preparation of a beverage, particularly espresso cof~ee, i.e. in which the coffee is extracted under a pressure of 1 to 15 bar.
:: , .
.:
~$7$~.i The present invention relates to a sealed cartridge according to the preamble of claim 1, comprising a cover welded to the periphery of the lip of the cup, the cover consisting of a flexible material impe.rmeable to oxygen S selected from the group consisting of aluminium, an alumin-ium/plastic composite, an aluminium/plastic/paper com-posite, pure plastic or multilayer plastic and the cover or the base being intende~ to tear solely under the effect of the pressure of the extraction fluid at the beginning of the extrartion process. Tha advantaqe o~ this cartridge is that it does not have a filter or a weakened zone in the strict sense.
The cartridge according to the invention may ~e extracted by the process and with the system according to European patent application 91 107 462.3. The extraction system according to this patent application enables this simplified capsule to be extracted under good conditions.
To extract the capsule, it is either the cover or the base of the cup which is torn under the effect of the extraction fluid. If it is the cover, the base of the cup is first op~ned by the water injector during introduction o~ the cartridge into the extraction system and the cover is torn therein during the i~crease in pressure and, after use, the cartridge can be removed easily and intact with a ~;ni of waste co~fee grounds or packaging material.
The cover is normally welded to the periphery of the cup by heat sealing, the parts to be welded comprising a welding lacquer on their opposite faces. The lower l:ip o~
the cup may also be folded back onto t~e cover for crimp-ing. Welding either on its own or in conjunction withcrimping gives a cartridge which is capable of withstanding pressures of up to 15 bar during the extraction proce~s.
The cartridge is ~illed with a substance for the preparation of a beverage. This substance is preferably roasted and ground coffee, but may also be tea, soluble : ' - ~;
~ ~ ~ r~
coffee, a mixture oP ground coffee and soluble coffee, a chocolate-bassd product or any other dehydrated edible substance.
The cup i5 a frustoconical, hemispherical or frusto-pyramidal element. The base of the cup does not neces-sarily have to be flat, but may also assume the above-mentioned geometries.
The main part of the capsule, namely the cup which may be frustoconical in shape and semirigid, may be made of 10 aluminium between 20 and lOO ~m thick, pure pla~tic or multilayer pla~tic, optionally with an oxygen barrier layer, such as EVOH or PVDC, a multilayer film, such as cardboard~aluminium/plastic or cardboard~plastic optionally with an oxygen barrier layer, uch as E~OH of PVDC.
The flexible cover of the capsule may be made of aluminium 15 to 60 ~m thick or of a multilayer ~il~ com-prising either 20 to 60 g/m2 paper, plastic, such as 20 to 60 ~m thick polyethylene, and 5 to 2Q ~m thick aluminium or EVOH or P~DC 5 to 30 ~m thick and plastic (PP, PE, P~) 20 20 to 100 ~m thick or PET ~5 to 30 ~m) and plastic (PP, ~E) 20 to 100 ~m ~hiak or metallized PET or PET provided with an upper barrier layer, such as SiO2. A multilayer combina-tion of paper and aluminiu~ may also be used.
Of these materials, aluminium tears the most easily 25 and cleanly; where a multilayer film is used, the presence of the paper fibres and the stretching of the plastic layer enable a network ~o be formed at the location of the tears which is favourable for keeping the base of the capsule intact and reducing the dispersion of the coffee grounds 30 while, at the same time, ensuring homogeneous extraction of the layer of coffee.
To prevent coffee grounds from being dispersed on the flow grill, an additional layer based on filter paper or woven or non-woven fibres hased on PET or PP is provided.
35 In one configuration, this layer may be arranged between ~ ~ 6 ~
the body of the capsule and the cover and may be bonded or welded to those two elements. This material may have a density of 20 to 50 g/m2. In another configuration of the capsule, the layer o~ filter paper or woven or nonwoven fibres may be arranged on the outside o~ the capsule and bonded or welded to the cover.
The cartridge according to the invention may vary in size according to the volume of coffee to be prepared. The coffee dose may vary from 5 to 20 g, the diameter of the cartridge is between 2.5 and 6 rm and the thickness of the coffee layer is between 10 and 25 mm.
The invention is described in more detail in the ~ollowing with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
~igure 1 diagrammatically illustrates the cartridge according to the invention.
Figure 2 diagrammatically illustrates a second embodi-ment.
Figure 3 diagrammatically illustrates a third embodi-ment.
The cartri~ge ~1) compri~es a cup ~2) with a base (5~
and a frustoconical l~teral wall (6)~ The cup is made of 50 ~m thick aluminium. The cartridge contains roasted coffee (3) a~d i5 closed by a cover (4~ of aluminium~paper r~ ~o~ite. The cover is welded to the periphery (7) oE the lip of the cup.
The cartridge (8) in Fig. 2 comprises a cup 12) identical with that shown in Fig. 1 except that the lip (9) o~ the cup is wider and can thus be folded back, i.e.
crimped onto the periphery of the cover (4)~ The material used is the same as in Fig. 1.
The cartridge (30) in Fig. 3 comprises on the cover (4) a paper filter (31) which is welded to th~ periphery of the cover and to the periphery o~ the cup (2)0 The cartridge according to the invention is of the .
. . . ~ .
,, :
i~ ~'7 $ ~
type which opens under the effect of pressure, but is simpler and more economical than known cartridges in terms of design and production.
Explanation of the abbreviativns:
.
PV~C = polyvinylidene chloride EVOH = copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol PP = polypropylene PE = polyethylene PET = polyester PA = polyamide .
Claims (6)
1. Sealed cartridge, designed to be included in an extraction process under pressure, containing a substance for the preparation of a beverage chosen from roasted ground coffee, tea, soluble coffee, a mixture of ground coffee and soluble coffee, a chocolate product or any other dehydrated edible substance, said cartridge comprising a cup with a base and a substantially frustoconical lateral wall and a circular lip larger in diameter than the base, and a cover welded to the periphery of the lip of the cup and consisting of a flexible material impermeable to oxygen, chosen from the group consisting of aluminium, an aluminium/plastic composite, an aluminium/plastic/paper composite, pure plastic or multi-layer plastic, said cover being free of any filter or weakened zone and the cover or the base being intended to be torn solely under the effect of the pressure of the extraction fluid at the start of extraction.
2. Cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the cover is crimped onto the lip of the cup.
3. Cartridge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cup is made of a material chosen from 20 to 100 µm thick aluminium, a pure plastic or a multi-layer plastic, acardboard/aluminium/plastic composite or a cardboard/plastic composite.
4. Cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cup is made of a material chosen from 15 to 60 µm thick aluminium and a laminate comprising, either 20 to 60 g/m2 paper, 20 to 60 µm thick plastic and 5 to 20 µm thick aluminium, or 5 to 30 µm thick EVOH or PVDC and 20 to 100 µm thick plastic (PP, PE or PA), or PET (5 to 30 µm) and 20 to 100 µm plastic (PP, PE), or metallized PET or PET provided with a high performance barrier layer such as SiO2.
5. Cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 4, having a diameter of between 2.5 and
6 cm and a distance between said cover and said base of between 10 and 25 mm.
6. Cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein an additional layer based on filter paper or woven or non-woven fibres based on PET or PP is provided above or below the cover.
6. Cartridge according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein an additional layer based on filter paper or woven or non-woven fibres based on PET or PP is provided above or below the cover.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91107650A EP0512148A1 (en) | 1991-05-10 | 1991-05-10 | Enclosed cartridge for making a beverage |
| EP91107650.3 | 1991-05-10 | ||
| EP91111317 | 1991-07-08 | ||
| EP91111317.3 | 1991-07-08 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2067515A1 CA2067515A1 (en) | 1992-11-11 |
| CA2067515C true CA2067515C (en) | 1999-02-09 |
Family
ID=26128850
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002067515A Expired - Lifetime CA2067515C (en) | 1991-05-10 | 1992-04-29 | Sealed cartridge for the preparation of a beverage |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0512468B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2763987B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR0143975B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE148419T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1505192A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2067515C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69217113T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0512468T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2097831T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI108630B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3022936T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9202144A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY109864A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO302696B1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ242567A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016013002A1 (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-28 | Spresso Novo Cap Ltd. | Capsule for beverage preparation |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69616346T2 (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 2002-04-18 | Nestle Sa | Closed container containing a powdery substance |
| JP2000262405A (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-26 | Soc Prod Nestle Sa | Sealed cartridge for drink extraction |
| PT1090574E (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2005-02-28 | Nestle Sa | DEVICE FOR EXTRACTION OF A SUBSTANCE FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DRINK |
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| EP1203554A1 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2002-05-08 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Device for extracting food material stored in a reloading cartridge |
| EP1219216A1 (en) | 2000-12-30 | 2002-07-03 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Automatic device for the extraction of substances |
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| CA2470363C (en) | 2002-01-10 | 2010-08-03 | Alfred Yoakim | Automatic device for the extraction of a substance |
| ES2274503T3 (en) | 2002-01-16 | 2007-05-16 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | CLOSED CAPSULE WITH OPENING MEDIA. |
| DE20221780U1 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2007-10-18 | Caffita System S.P.A., Gaggio Montano | Portion capsule with a particulate extractable by water substance for the preparation of a beverage |
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| KR20030088262A (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2003-11-19 | 정은성 | Liquid Package |
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- 1992-04-30 NZ NZ242567A patent/NZ242567A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-04 EP EP92107536A patent/EP0512468B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-04 AT AT92107536T patent/ATE148419T1/en active
- 1992-05-04 DE DE69217113T patent/DE69217113T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-04 ES ES92107536T patent/ES2097831T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-04 DK DK92107536.2T patent/DK0512468T3/en active
- 1992-05-07 NO NO921812A patent/NO302696B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-07 FI FI922065A patent/FI108630B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-08 KR KR1019920007839A patent/KR0143975B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-08 JP JP11637492A patent/JP2763987B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-08 MX MX9202144A patent/MX9202144A/en unknown
- 1992-05-09 MY MYPI92000797A patent/MY109864A/en unknown
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1997
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016013002A1 (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-28 | Spresso Novo Cap Ltd. | Capsule for beverage preparation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO921812L (en) | 1992-11-11 |
| NO302696B1 (en) | 1998-04-14 |
| DE69217113D1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
| EP0512468A1 (en) | 1992-11-11 |
| KR920021403A (en) | 1992-12-18 |
| NO921812D0 (en) | 1992-05-07 |
| FI922065A (en) | 1992-11-11 |
| ATE148419T1 (en) | 1997-02-15 |
| CA2067515A1 (en) | 1992-11-11 |
| NZ242567A (en) | 1994-12-22 |
| ES2097831T3 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
| MY109864A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
| JPH05132056A (en) | 1993-05-28 |
| FI108630B (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| EP0512468B1 (en) | 1997-01-29 |
| MX9202144A (en) | 1992-11-01 |
| DE69217113T2 (en) | 1997-05-15 |
| AU1505192A (en) | 1992-11-12 |
| GR3022936T3 (en) | 1997-06-30 |
| DK0512468T3 (en) | 1997-07-07 |
| JP2763987B2 (en) | 1998-06-11 |
| KR0143975B1 (en) | 1998-08-01 |
| FI922065A0 (en) | 1992-05-07 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |