ZA961147B - Amide-derived biaromatic compounds pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing them and their uses - Google Patents

Amide-derived biaromatic compounds pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing them and their uses

Info

Publication number
ZA961147B
ZA961147B ZA961147A ZA961147A ZA961147B ZA 961147 B ZA961147 B ZA 961147B ZA 961147 A ZA961147 A ZA 961147A ZA 961147 A ZA961147 A ZA 961147A ZA 961147 B ZA961147 B ZA 961147B
Authority
ZA
South Africa
Prior art keywords
amide
derived
compositions containing
cosmetic compositions
compounds pharmaceutical
Prior art date
Application number
ZA961147A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jean-Michel Bernardon
Laurence Vigne
Original Assignee
Cird Galderma
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cird Galderma filed Critical Cird Galderma
Publication of ZA961147B publication Critical patent/ZA961147B/xx

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C251/00Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C251/32Oximes
    • C07C251/50Oximes having oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to carbon atoms of substituted hydrocarbon radicals
    • C07C251/60Oximes having oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to carbon atoms of substituted hydrocarbon radicals of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by carboxyl groups
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/42Amides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/445Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof aromatic, i.e. the carboxylic acid directly linked to the aromatic ring
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/4906Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
    • A61K8/4926Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom having six membered rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/4973Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K8/4986Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with sulfur as the only hetero atom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/67Vitamins
    • A61K8/671Vitamin A; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ester of vitamin A acid, ester of retinol, retinol, retinal
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02Ophthalmic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02Ophthalmic agents
    • A61P27/14Decongestants or antiallergics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08Antiallergic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00Preparations for care of the skin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00Preparations for care of the hair
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/45Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
    • C07C233/53Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C233/55Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a carbon atom of an unsaturated carbon skeleton
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C251/00Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C251/32Oximes
    • C07C251/34Oximes with oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
    • C07C251/48Oximes with oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals with the carbon atom of at least one of the oxyimino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C251/00Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C251/32Oximes
    • C07C251/50Oximes having oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to carbon atoms of substituted hydrocarbon radicals
    • C07C251/54Oximes having oxygen atoms of oxyimino groups bound to carbon atoms of substituted hydrocarbon radicals of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2602/00Systems containing two condensed rings
    • C07C2602/02Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
    • C07C2602/04One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C2602/10One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being six-membered, e.g. tetraline

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
ZA961147A 1995-02-23 1996-02-13 Amide-derived biaromatic compounds pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing them and their uses ZA961147B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9502133A FR2730995B1 (fr) 1995-02-23 1995-02-23 Composes bi-aromatiques derives d'amide, compositions pharmaceutiques et cosmetiques les contenant et utilisations

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ZA961147B true ZA961147B (en) 1996-08-23

Family

ID=9476452

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ZA961147A ZA961147B (en) 1995-02-23 1996-02-13 Amide-derived biaromatic compounds pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing them and their uses

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (2) US5935585A (pt)
EP (1) EP0728739B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP2957123B2 (pt)
AR (1) AR001354A1 (pt)
AT (1) ATE159931T1 (pt)
AU (1) AU680162B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR9600612A (pt)
CA (1) CA2170065C (pt)
DE (1) DE69600093T2 (pt)
DK (1) DK0728739T3 (pt)
ES (1) ES2113220T3 (pt)
FR (1) FR2730995B1 (pt)
GR (1) GR3025778T3 (pt)
NZ (1) NZ286016A (pt)
ZA (1) ZA961147B (pt)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6867203B2 (en) 1998-12-29 2005-03-15 Abbott Laboratories Cell adhesion-inhibiting antiinflammatory and immune-suppressive compounds
FR2801305B1 (fr) 1999-11-24 2002-12-06 Galderma Res & Dev Analogues de la vitamine d
US20030124174A1 (en) * 2001-10-25 2003-07-03 Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc Method for treating non-neuropathic pain
US20040053895A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-03-18 Bone Care International, Inc. Multi-use vessels for vitamin D formulations
US7148211B2 (en) * 2002-09-18 2006-12-12 Genzyme Corporation Formulation for lipophilic agents
US20040058895A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-03-25 Bone Care International, Inc. Multi-use vessels for vitamin D formulations
GB0229653D0 (en) * 2002-12-20 2003-01-22 Cambridge Display Tech Ltd Electrical connection of optoelectronic devices
FR2910320B1 (fr) 2006-12-21 2009-02-13 Galderma Res & Dev S N C Snc Emulsion comprenant au moins un retinoide et du peroxyde de benzole
FR2910321B1 (fr) 2006-12-21 2009-07-10 Galderma Res & Dev S N C Snc Gel creme comprenant au moins un retinoide et du peroxyde de benzole
FR2931661B1 (fr) 2008-05-30 2010-07-30 Galderma Res & Dev Nouvelles compositions depigmentantes sous forme d'une composition anhydre sans vaseline et sans elastomere comprenant un derive phenolique solubilise et un retinoide.
US10321784B2 (en) * 2009-07-10 2019-06-18 Tsann Kuen (Zhangzhou) Enterprise Co., Ltd. Grill device
JP6612874B2 (ja) 2014-12-16 2019-11-27 アクソファント サイエンシーズ ゲーエムベーハー α7−ニコチン性アセチルコリン受容体のアゴニストとしてのジェミナル置換キヌクリジンアミド化合物
MX2017016231A (es) 2015-06-10 2018-11-29 Axovant Sciences Gmbh Compuestos de aminobencisoxazol como agonistas de receptores a7-nicotínicos de acetilcolina.
US10428062B2 (en) 2015-08-12 2019-10-01 Axovant Sciences Gmbh Geminal substituted aminobenzisoxazole compounds as agonists of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4536346A (en) * 1983-05-06 1985-08-20 American Cyanamid Company Aralkanamidophenyl compounds
JPS61140556A (ja) * 1984-12-11 1986-06-27 Sumitomo Seiyaku Kk 新規なアリ−ル酢酸アニリド誘導体
DE3668450D1 (de) * 1985-03-14 1990-03-01 Smithkline Dauelsberg 5-aminosalicylsaeurederivate von nicht-steroidalen entzuendungshemmenden sauren.
GB8531019D0 (en) * 1985-12-17 1986-01-29 Beecham Group Plc Compounds
LU87821A1 (fr) * 1990-10-12 1992-05-25 Cird Galderma Composes bi-aromatiques,et leur utilisation en medecine humaine et veterinaire et en cosmetique
FR2676439B1 (fr) * 1991-05-13 1994-10-28 Cird Galderma Nouveaux composes bi-aromatiques derives d'un motif salicylique, leur procede de preparation et leur utilisation en medecine humaine et veterinaire ainsi qu'en cosmetique.
FR2713637B1 (fr) * 1993-12-15 1996-01-05 Cird Galderma Nouveaux composés bi-aromatiques dérivés d'amide, compositions pharmaceutiques et cosmétiques les contenant et utilisations.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2113220T3 (es) 1998-04-16
EP0728739B1 (fr) 1997-11-05
DE69600093T2 (de) 1998-03-05
CA2170065A1 (fr) 1996-08-24
JP2957123B2 (ja) 1999-10-04
JPH08291122A (ja) 1996-11-05
AU680162B2 (en) 1997-07-17
NZ286016A (en) 1997-10-24
US6171603B1 (en) 2001-01-09
US5935585A (en) 1999-08-10
AU4444796A (en) 1996-09-26
FR2730995B1 (fr) 1997-04-04
ATE159931T1 (de) 1997-11-15
BR9600612A (pt) 1997-12-30
CA2170065C (fr) 2001-02-13
GR3025778T3 (en) 1998-03-31
FR2730995A1 (fr) 1996-08-30
DE69600093D1 (de) 1997-12-11
AR001354A1 (es) 1997-10-22
DK0728739T3 (da) 1998-03-30
EP0728739A1 (fr) 1996-08-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ZA969716B (en) Biaromatic compounds bearing an adamantyl group pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing them and uses thereof
IL114622A0 (en) Heteroaryl-oxazolidinones and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
IL119078A (en) Substituted benzylaminopiperidine compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them
HUP9602056A3 (en) Novel pharmaceutical composition containing phenofibrate
IL116851A (en) 3-arylidene-2-oxindole derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
IL117860A0 (en) Substituted 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolecarboxamides their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
HUP9802999A3 (en) Pharmaceutical composition containing n-propargyl-1-aminoindan
GB2299506B (en) Antiperspirant actives and compositions
IL122717A0 (en) Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
IL122618A0 (en) Substituted imidazolylacetonitrile compounds their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
IL122293A0 (en) Substituted 4-phenylaminothiazoles their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
IL119639A0 (en) Biaromatic compounds pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing them and uses thereof
IL117554A0 (en) Imidazoquinazolines their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
ZA961779B (en) Aromatic heterocyclic compounds pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing them and uses thereof
IL118221A0 (en) Substituted cephalosporins and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
ZA961147B (en) Amide-derived biaromatic compounds pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing them and their uses
IL115851A0 (en) Cosmetic compositions
IL114673A0 (en) Pharmaceutical compositions containing protein
IL118672A0 (en) Benzisothiazolyl-substituted aminomethylchromans their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
IL119371A0 (en) Sulfonylaminopyrimidines their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
IL118141A0 (en) Tetralines their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
GB9524717D0 (en) Cosmetic compositions
HUP9802291A3 (en) Penicillaminamide derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
IL115882A0 (en) Oxazolyl-and thiazolylimidazo-benzo-and thienodiazepines their manufacture and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
IL114161A0 (en) Amido- quinoxalinediones pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use