ZA9410245B - Process for the catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Process for the catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbonsInfo
- Publication number
- ZA9410245B ZA9410245B ZA9410245A ZA9410245A ZA9410245B ZA 9410245 B ZA9410245 B ZA 9410245B ZA 9410245 A ZA9410245 A ZA 9410245A ZA 9410245 A ZA9410245 A ZA 9410245A ZA 9410245 B ZA9410245 B ZA 9410245B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- partial oxidation
- hydrocarbon feedstock
- catalytic partial
- stage
- feed mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title abstract 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/386—Catalytic partial combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
- C01B2203/1011—Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
- C01B2203/1023—Catalysts in the form of a monolith or honeycomb
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
- C01B2203/1029—Catalysts in the form of a foam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1082—Composition of support materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP93203703 | 1993-12-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ZA9410245B true ZA9410245B (en) | 1995-08-29 |
Family
ID=8214249
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ZA9410245A ZA9410245B (en) | 1993-12-27 | 1994-12-22 | Process for the catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5720901A (xx) |
EP (1) | EP0737163B1 (xx) |
JP (1) | JPH09502695A (xx) |
CN (1) | CN1044354C (xx) |
AT (1) | ATE179395T1 (xx) |
AU (1) | AU682239B2 (xx) |
BR (1) | BR9408420A (xx) |
CA (1) | CA2179911A1 (xx) |
CO (1) | CO4410233A1 (xx) |
DE (1) | DE69418213T2 (xx) |
DZ (1) | DZ1840A1 (xx) |
ES (1) | ES2133719T3 (xx) |
NO (1) | NO962682L (xx) |
NZ (1) | NZ277807A (xx) |
RU (1) | RU2132299C1 (xx) |
SG (1) | SG48008A1 (xx) |
WO (1) | WO1995018062A1 (xx) |
ZA (1) | ZA9410245B (xx) |
Families Citing this family (51)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040228792A1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2004-11-18 | Assink Gerrit Jan Barend | Catalyst comprising two catalytically-active metals |
US6080301A (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2000-06-27 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Premium synthetic lubricant base stock having at least 95% non-cyclic isoparaffins |
US6475960B1 (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2002-11-05 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Co. | Premium synthetic lubricants |
US6221280B1 (en) | 1998-10-19 | 2001-04-24 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels to hydrogen and carbon monoxide |
US6800269B2 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2004-10-05 | Conocophillips Company | Short contact time catalytic sulfur recovery system for removing H2S from a waste gas stream |
US6946111B2 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2005-09-20 | Conocophilips Company | Short contact time catalytic partial oxidation process for recovering sulfur from an H2S containing gas stream |
US6403051B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2002-06-11 | Conoco Inc. | Recovery of sulfur from H2S and concurrent production of H2 using short contact time CPOX |
US6579510B2 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2003-06-17 | Alfred E. Keller | SPOX-enhanced process for production of synthesis gas |
US6630078B2 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2003-10-07 | Conocophillips Company | Reticulated ceramic foam catalysts for synthesis gas production |
FR2805531B1 (fr) * | 2000-02-24 | 2003-02-21 | Air Liquide | Procede de production d'hydrogene par oxydation partielle d'hydrocarbures |
US6497856B1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2002-12-24 | H2Gen Innovations, Inc. | System for hydrogen generation through steam reforming of hydrocarbons and integrated chemical reactor for hydrogen production from hydrocarbons |
WO2002008119A1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-01-31 | Conoco, Inc. | Spox-enhanced process for production of synthesis gas |
US7122170B2 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2006-10-17 | Conocophillips Company | Catalysts for SPOC™ enhanced synthesis gas production |
US7326397B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2008-02-05 | Conocophillips Company | Catalytic partial oxidation process for recovering sulfur from an H2S-containing gas stream |
US7357908B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2008-04-15 | Conocophillips Company | Apparatus and catalytic partial oxidation process for recovering sulfur from an H2S-containing gas stream |
WO2002058822A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2002-08-01 | Conoco Inc. | Short contact time catalytic sulfur recovery system for removing h2s from a waste gas stream |
US6673230B2 (en) | 2001-02-08 | 2004-01-06 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Process for oxygenation of components for refinery blending of transportation fuels |
US20020148754A1 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2002-10-17 | Gong William H. | Integrated preparation of blending components for refinery transportation fuels |
US6881325B2 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2005-04-19 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Preparation of components for transportation fuels |
US6872231B2 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2005-03-29 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Transportation fuels |
GB0113370D0 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2001-07-25 | Kvaerner Process Tech Ltd | Process |
US20030103892A1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-06-05 | Conoco Inc. | Promoted cobalt-chromium oxide catalysts on lanthanide-modified supports and process for producing synthesis gas |
WO2003051947A2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-06-26 | Conocophillips Company | Catalyst for spoc- enhanced synthesis gas production |
FR2833863B1 (fr) * | 2001-12-20 | 2004-08-20 | Air Liquide | Reacteur catalytique, installation et procede de reaction correspondants |
US20030119658A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-06-26 | Conocophillips Company | Recovery of rhenium from a spent catalyst via sublimation |
US7303606B2 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2007-12-04 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Oxy-fuel combustion process |
US6783749B2 (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2004-08-31 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Gas recovery process |
US6911161B2 (en) * | 2002-07-02 | 2005-06-28 | Conocophillips Company | Stabilized nickel-containing catalysts and process for production of syngas |
US7094730B2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2006-08-22 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Gas treatment device, methods for making and using the same, and a vehicle exhaust system |
US7074375B2 (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2006-07-11 | Engelhard Corporation | Method of desulfurizing a hydrocarbon gas by selective partial oxidation and adsorption |
WO2004055135A1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-07-01 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for the catalytic selective oxidation of sulphur compounds |
US7041621B2 (en) | 2003-01-17 | 2006-05-09 | Conocophillips Company | Sulfided catalysts for improved performance in hydrocarbon processing |
US7932296B2 (en) * | 2003-03-16 | 2011-04-26 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Catalytic partial oxidation reforming for syngas processing and products made therefrom |
US8273139B2 (en) * | 2003-03-16 | 2012-09-25 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Catalytic partial oxidation reforming |
US6974843B2 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2005-12-13 | Conoco Phillips Company | Cogeneration of organic compounds with synthesis gas by catalytic partial oxidation |
US7316806B2 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2008-01-08 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Modifying catalyst for partial oxidation and method for modification |
US20050154069A1 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-14 | Syntroleum Corporation | Fischer-Tropsch process in the presence of nitrogen contaminants |
US7108842B2 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2006-09-19 | Conocophillips Company | Process for the catalytic partial oxidation of H2S using staged addition of oxygen |
US7022742B2 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2006-04-04 | Syntroleum Corporation | Process to control nitrogen-containing compounds in synthesis gas |
US7037485B1 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2006-05-02 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Steam methane reforming method |
CA2587289C (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2010-07-06 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Steam methane reforming method |
US7226572B1 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2007-06-05 | Conocophillips Company | Compact sulfur recovery plant and process |
US7501111B2 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2009-03-10 | Conoco Phillips Company | Increased capacity sulfur recovery plant and process for recovering elemental sulfur |
EP1920830A1 (en) | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-14 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Group VIII and ceria/zirconia containing catalysts for catalytic hydrocarbon reforming or oxidation |
EP1920832B1 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2012-01-04 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Process for the preparation of a supported noble metal catalyst |
US20080260631A1 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-23 | H2Gen Innovations, Inc. | Hydrogen production process |
CA2702041A1 (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2009-04-16 | Japan Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd. | Hydrocarbon-reforming catalyst and process for producing synthesis gas using the same |
JP4639247B2 (ja) | 2008-07-23 | 2011-02-23 | 石油資源開発株式会社 | 炭化水素リフォーミング用触媒およびその製造方法ならびにこれを用いた合成ガスの製法 |
US8007761B2 (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2011-08-30 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Carbon dioxide emission reduction method |
CN101811047B (zh) * | 2009-02-20 | 2012-10-03 | 中科合成油技术有限公司 | 一种费托合成用铁基催化剂、其制备方法和应用 |
DE102010034848B4 (de) | 2010-08-13 | 2019-05-09 | Arianegroup Gmbh | Zweistoff-Triebwerk |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4927857A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1990-05-22 | Engelhard Corporation | Method of methanol production |
GB8623482D0 (en) * | 1986-09-30 | 1986-11-05 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalytic generation of hydrogen |
EP0303438A3 (en) * | 1987-08-14 | 1989-12-27 | DAVY McKEE CORPORATION | Production of synthesis gas from hydrocarbonaceous feedstock |
US5149464A (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1992-09-22 | Gas Research Institute | Catalytic gas conversion method |
US5087271A (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1992-02-11 | Texaco Inc. | Partial oxidation process |
GB9028034D0 (en) * | 1990-12-24 | 1991-02-13 | Isis Innovation | Improved processes for the conversion of methane to synthesis gas |
WO1993001130A1 (en) * | 1991-07-02 | 1993-01-21 | University Of Warwick | Catalysts for the production of carbon monoxide |
DE69221556T2 (de) * | 1991-07-09 | 1997-12-18 | Ici Plc | Synthesegaserzeugung |
US5250083A (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-10-05 | Texaco Inc. | Process for production desulfurized of synthesis gas |
-
1994
- 1994-12-21 US US08/361,359 patent/US5720901A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-21 CO CO94057767A patent/CO4410233A1/es unknown
- 1994-12-22 AU AU13173/95A patent/AU682239B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-12-22 ES ES95904522T patent/ES2133719T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-22 WO PCT/EP1994/004270 patent/WO1995018062A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-12-22 DE DE69418213T patent/DE69418213T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-22 JP JP7517769A patent/JPH09502695A/ja active Pending
- 1994-12-22 BR BR9408420A patent/BR9408420A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-12-22 EP EP95904522A patent/EP0737163B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-22 RU RU96116138A patent/RU2132299C1/ru active
- 1994-12-22 SG SG1996006077A patent/SG48008A1/en unknown
- 1994-12-22 NZ NZ277807A patent/NZ277807A/en unknown
- 1994-12-22 CA CA002179911A patent/CA2179911A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-22 ZA ZA9410245A patent/ZA9410245B/xx unknown
- 1994-12-22 AT AT95904522T patent/ATE179395T1/de active
- 1994-12-22 CN CN94194660A patent/CN1044354C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-25 DZ DZ940139A patent/DZ1840A1/fr active
-
1996
- 1996-06-25 NO NO962682A patent/NO962682L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9408420A (pt) | 1997-08-26 |
ES2133719T3 (es) | 1999-09-16 |
RU2132299C1 (ru) | 1999-06-27 |
US5720901A (en) | 1998-02-24 |
DE69418213D1 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
SG48008A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 |
ATE179395T1 (de) | 1999-05-15 |
WO1995018062A1 (en) | 1995-07-06 |
EP0737163B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
DE69418213T2 (de) | 1999-10-14 |
JPH09502695A (ja) | 1997-03-18 |
CA2179911A1 (en) | 1995-07-06 |
CO4410233A1 (es) | 1997-01-09 |
NZ277807A (en) | 1997-04-24 |
EP0737163A1 (en) | 1996-10-16 |
NO962682D0 (no) | 1996-06-25 |
AU1317395A (en) | 1995-07-17 |
DZ1840A1 (fr) | 2002-02-17 |
CN1044354C (zh) | 1999-07-28 |
AU682239B2 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
CN1139416A (zh) | 1997-01-01 |
NO962682L (no) | 1996-08-15 |
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