ZA200604173B - Friction material - Google Patents
Friction material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200604173B ZA200604173B ZA200604173A ZA200604173A ZA200604173B ZA 200604173 B ZA200604173 B ZA 200604173B ZA 200604173 A ZA200604173 A ZA 200604173A ZA 200604173 A ZA200604173 A ZA 200604173A ZA 200604173 B ZA200604173 B ZA 200604173B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- material according
- fibers
- namely
- metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NNLOHLDVJGPUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)C([O-])=O NNLOHLDVJGPUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
- F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
Abstract
The friction material comprises at least one polyimide and/or polyamideimide in combination with at least one phosphate chosen from the groups of alkali phosphates, alkaline earth phosphate and ammonium phosphates.
Description
Friction material
The invention relates to friction materials and mixtures of substances for producing friction materials, which are intended in particular for use in clutch disks and brakes, i.e. for transferring or bracing torque. Friction materials that consist of a mixture of different substances are known.
Friction materials for use in connection with clutch disks consist for example of a mixture of fibers such as mineral fibers, filler and binder, as well as possibly other additives that affect the friction and wear properties as well as temperature resistance.
The object of the present invention was to create friction material compositions or mixtures for the production of friction materials and friction linings made from them, which are tolerant of high thermal and mechanical demands and nevertheless ensure a relatively high coefficient of friction. Furthermore, good consistency of the coefficient of friction should continue to be ensured over a wide temperature range. In addition, the mixtures according to the invention and the friction linings made thereof should ensure practically grab-free torque transfer through frictional engagement, whereby driving comfort can be significantly increased for example by the use of such friction linings in connection with motor vehicle clutch disks.
The tasks underlying the invention are addressed according to an exemplary embodiment wherein the friction material consists of at least two component substances, which include at least one polyimide and/or polyamideimide in combination with at least one phosphate of the heavy alkaline phosphates, alkaline earth phosphates and ammonium phosphates.
The tasks according to the invention can also be addressed in an advantageous manner by using friction linings which are produced on the basis of a mixture of component substances that contains at least one polyimide and/or polyamideimide in combination with at least one metal sulfide. Instead of at least one metal sulfide, or in addition thereto, at least one metal oxide may also be used.
Using a polyimide makes it possible to increase the temperature resistance of the friction lining significantly, since polyimide tolerates high temperatures, for example up to approximately 400° Celsius. Adding at least one phosphate from the groups of alkaline phosphates, alkaline earth phosphates and ammonium phosphates makes it possible to increase the coefficient of friction while retaining relatively low wear of the friction
AMENDED SHEET DATED 29 OCTOBER 2007
© WO 2006/057042 PCT/DE2004/002513 material. In an advantageous way, the proportion of phosphate can be 1 to 25 weight percent. Weight percent means the weight-based proportion of the total weight of dry mixed component substances. The percentages by weight of most of the substances that make up a friction lining are also present in the finished friction lining. It has proven to be especially advantageous to use tricalcium phosphate and/or trisodium phosphate.
Admixing at least one metal sulfide also makes it possible to produce friction linings with good wear resistance. It has proven to be especially effective to use at least one of the following sulfides, namely tin sulfide, bismuth sulfide, iron sulfide or manganese sulfide.
If at least one metal oxide is used, then tin oxide and/or zinc oxide and/or manganese oxide and/or iron oxide may be used advantageously.
The proportion by weight of polyimide and/or polyamideimide can be 20 to 60 percent.
These substances can be admixed in a resiniform and/or powdered and/or granular state or a combination of those structures.
Other resiniform, powdered or granular binders can also be admixed advantageously.
In order to be able to adapt the wear and friction properties of the particular use, it can be advantageous to admix at least one of the following metals, namely copper, brass, tin and zinc. The proportion of metal can be 1 to 30 weight percent. Such metal additives can be added in the form of powder, fibers or chips.
Furthermore, at least one filler can be added advantageously which may be at least one of the following substances, namely barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, kaolin, microscopic hollow spheres, magnesium carbonate. The proportion of filler can be 10 to 50 percent.
Fibers that consist of at least one of the following fiber types can also be admixed advantageously, namely carbon fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, metal fibers, ceramic fibers.
The use of such fibers makes it possible to increase the bursting strength of the friction lining. However, employing such fibers also makes it possible to adjust the friction coefficient of the friction linings so constructed, and also their wear performance, to the specific application. The total proportion of fibers can be 1 to 50 weight percent.
Furthermore, it can be especially effective if lubrication is admixed which may consist of at least one of the following substances, namely coke, graphite, carbon black, metal sulfide. Admixing such substances also makes it possible to affect the wear behavior and the friction coefficient of the finished friction lining. For example, by mixing in coke, graphite etc. a friction coefficient that is initially too high can be reduced to a desirable value, while at the same time the wear resistance of the friction lining can be increased, at least with some mixtures.
Advantageously, the total weight proportion of phosphates and lubricants is 10 to 50 weight percent.
Claims (18)
1. A friction material consisting of at least two component substances, characterized in that at least one polyimide and/or polyamideimide is admixed with at least one phosphate from the groups of alkaline phosphates, alkaline earth phosphates and ammonium phosphates are contained as component substances in the friction material.
2. A friction material according to Claim 1, characterized in that it contains 20 to 60 weight percent polyimide and/or polyamideimide.
3. A friction material according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains 1 to 25 weight percent phosphate.
4 A friction material according to Claim 2, characterized in that it contains at least one phosphate from the groups of alkaline phosphates, alkaline earth phosphates and ammonium phosphates.
5. A friction material according to one of Claims 1 through 4, characterized in that tricalcium phosphate and/or trisodium phosphate is used.
6. A friction material according to one of Claims 3 through 6, characterized in that it contains at least one metal sulfide.
7. A friction material according to Claim 6, characterized in that it contains at least one of the following sulfides, namely tin sulfide, bismuth sulfide, iron sulfide, manganese sulfide.
8. A friction material according to one of Claims 1 through 7, characterized in that it contains as filler at least one of the following substances, namely barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, kaolin, microscopic hollow glass spheres, magnesium carbonate. AMENDED SHEET DATED 29 OCTOBER 2007
9. A friction material according to Claim 8, characterized in that the proportion of filler is 10 to 50 weight percent.
10. A friction material according to one of Claims 1 through 9, characterized in that it contains fibers that consist of at least one of the following sorts of fibers, namely carbon fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, metal fibers, ceramic fibers.
11. A friction material according to Claim 10, characterized in that the proportion of fiber is 1 to 50 weight percent of the total weight.
12. A friction material according to one of Claims 1 through 11, characterized in that it contains at least one of the following substances as a lubricant, namely coke, graphite, carbon black, metal sulfide.
13. A friction material according to one of Claims 1 through 12, characterized in that the weight proportion of phosphate and lubricants is 10 to 50 percent.
14. A friction material according to one of Claims 1 through 13, characterized in that it contains at least one metal that is admixed in one of the following forms, namely in the form of chips, fibers or powder.
15. A friction material according to Claim 14, characterized in that it contains at least one of the following metals, namely copper, brass, tin, zinc.
16. A friction material according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the proportion of metal is 1 to 30 weight percent.
17. A friction material according to one of Claims 1 through 16, characterized in that it contains at least one metal oxide.
18. A friction material according to one of Claims 1 through 17, AMENDED SHEET DATED 29 OCTOBER 2007 characterized in that it contains at ieast one of the following metal oxides, namely tin oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide.
AMENDED SHEET DATED 29 OCTOBER 2007
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10358776 | 2003-12-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200604173B true ZA200604173B (en) | 2007-10-31 |
Family
ID=34638712
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200604173A ZA200604173B (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2004-11-13 | Friction material |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1694979B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101135807B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1894518B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE455973T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0417494B1 (en) |
| DE (3) | DE112004002727D2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005057042A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200604173B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005003507B4 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2009-01-02 | Luk Lamellen Und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs Kg | clutch disc |
| DE102007061459B4 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2020-10-08 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Asbestos-free friction material |
| DE202010003143U1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2010-06-02 | Honeywell Bremsbelag Gmbh | Friction lining mixture for a friction material, in particular for brake and clutch linings |
| CN102031088B (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2013-03-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | Inorganic-organic composite friction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103511512B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-12-02 | 宁波佳轩新材料有限公司 | Automobile brake sheet |
| CN103911118A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-07-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | Polyimide friction material for rotary ultrasonic motor and preparation method of polyimide friction material |
| WO2017096119A1 (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-06-08 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Flexible wet friction materials including silane |
| CN107387616A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-24 | 长沙五犇新材料科技有限公司 | One kind friction layer material |
| JP7323310B2 (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2023-08-08 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | friction material |
| JP7372111B2 (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2023-10-31 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | Friction material |
| CN115109408A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-09-27 | 青岛中科润持新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of polyamide imide based composite thrust bearing suitable for oil lubrication working condition |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3038264A1 (en) * | 1980-10-10 | 1982-05-19 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF RUBBER-MODIFIED POLYMERISATES OF VINYL FLAVORS |
| US4411959A (en) * | 1981-08-17 | 1983-10-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Submicron-particle ductile superconductor |
| AT396365B (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1993-08-25 | Chemson Polymer Additive | ADDITIONAL FOR FRICTION COATING MIXTURES CONTAINING MANGANE-II SULFIDE |
| JP2827136B2 (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1998-11-18 | 日清紡績株式会社 | Non-asbestos friction material |
| GB9318764D0 (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1993-10-27 | Wabco Holdings Sab | Improvements relating to friction pads for use in disc brakes |
| AT400718B (en) | 1994-03-17 | 1996-03-25 | Chemson Polymer Additive | ADDITIONAL FOR, IN PARTICULAR RESIN-TIED, FRICTION COATING MIXTURES AND FRICTION COVERS |
| JPH08245949A (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1996-09-24 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Dry-type friction material and its production |
| CN1186827A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-08 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Polyimide self lubricating composite material |
-
2004
- 2004-11-13 DE DE112004002727T patent/DE112004002727D2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-13 KR KR1020067007699A patent/KR101135807B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-13 ZA ZA200604173A patent/ZA200604173B/en unknown
- 2004-11-13 DE DE102004054990A patent/DE102004054990A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-11-13 AT AT04802729T patent/ATE455973T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-13 BR BRPI0417494-1A patent/BRPI0417494B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-13 WO PCT/DE2004/002513 patent/WO2005057042A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-11-13 EP EP04802729A patent/EP1694979B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-11-13 CN CN2004800369913A patent/CN1894518B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-13 DE DE502004010689T patent/DE502004010689D1/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112004002727D2 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
| BRPI0417494B1 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
| CN1894518A (en) | 2007-01-10 |
| BRPI0417494A (en) | 2007-05-29 |
| EP1694979A2 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
| ATE455973T1 (en) | 2010-02-15 |
| WO2005057042A2 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
| WO2005057042A3 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
| CN1894518B (en) | 2010-06-30 |
| DE102004054990A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
| DE502004010689D1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
| KR101135807B1 (en) | 2012-04-16 |
| EP1694979B1 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
| KR20060123123A (en) | 2006-12-01 |
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