JPH04106183A - Non-asbestos friction material - Google Patents
Non-asbestos friction materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04106183A JPH04106183A JP2222450A JP22245090A JPH04106183A JP H04106183 A JPH04106183 A JP H04106183A JP 2222450 A JP2222450 A JP 2222450A JP 22245090 A JP22245090 A JP 22245090A JP H04106183 A JPH04106183 A JP H04106183A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- friction material
- component
- asbestos
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006015 heat resistant resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、自動車のブレーキパッド、ブレーキライニン
グ、クラッチフェーシング等として使用される摩擦材で
あって、繊維成分として石綿を含まず、鳴き性能及び高
温における耐摩耗性が優れている上に、摩擦性能も良好
な非石綿系摩擦材に関するものである。Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is a friction material used as brake pads, brake linings, clutch facings, etc. of automobiles, which does not contain asbestos as a fiber component and has excellent squeal performance and The present invention relates to a non-asbestos friction material that has excellent wear resistance at high temperatures and also has good friction performance.
従来、自動車のブレーキパッド、ブレーキライニング、
クラッチフェーシング等に使用される摩擦材は、その基
材として石綿が多く使用されているが、石綿はその粉塵
が人体への有害性を指摘された結果、その使用を規制さ
れつつあり、石綿を使用しない摩擦材に対する要求が強
くなってきている。Conventionally, automobile brake pads, brake linings,
Asbestos is often used as a base material for friction materials used in clutch facings, etc., but as it has been pointed out that asbestos dust is harmful to the human body, its use is being regulated, and asbestos There is a growing demand for friction materials that do not require the use of friction materials.
そこで、石綿を使用しない非石綿系摩擦材について多く
の提案がなされているが、それらの多くは繊維成分とし
て耐熱性有機繊維、ガラス繊維。Therefore, many proposals have been made for non-asbestos-based friction materials that do not use asbestos, but most of them use heat-resistant organic fibers or glass fibers as fiber components.
金属繊維を用い、結合材としてフェノール樹脂等の熱硬
化性樹脂を、充填材粉末成分として黒鉛。Metal fiber is used, thermosetting resin such as phenolic resin is used as the binding material, and graphite is used as the filler powder component.
硫酸バリウム、アルミナ等を用いたものである。It uses barium sulfate, alumina, etc.
然し乍ら、結合材として上記のフェノール樹脂等の熱硬
化性樹脂を使用した摩擦材は、高温下では前記樹脂が融
解または分解してガスが発生し、フェード現象を起こし
て摩擦係数が不安定になるという問題点がある。However, in friction materials that use thermosetting resins such as the above-mentioned phenolic resins as binders, the resin melts or decomposes under high temperatures, generating gas, causing a fade phenomenon, and making the coefficient of friction unstable. There is a problem.
この問題点を解決するために、前記樹脂成分を摩擦材全
量の１５〜２５体積％と少量に抑えているのが現状であ
るが、有機結合材を減少させると、摩擦材の強度及び耐
摩耗性の低下を避けることは出来なかった。即ち、非石
綿系の摩擦材にあっては、石綿系の摩擦材に比して結合
材の量を多くしないと、摩擦材としての充分な強度及び
耐摩耗性を得られないのである。In order to solve this problem, the resin component is currently kept to a small amount of 15 to 25% by volume of the total amount of the friction material, but reducing the organic binder increases the strength and wear resistance of the friction material. A decline in sexuality could not be avoided. That is, in a non-asbestos friction material, sufficient strength and wear resistance as a friction material cannot be obtained unless the amount of binder is increased compared to an asbestos-based friction material.
そこで、繊維成分中に鉄系繊維を含ませたものも考えら
れたが、鉄系繊維を用いた摩擦材は一般に熱伝導率が高
く、高温時の耐摩耗性や耐フエード性等には優れている
ものの、重量が重かったり、高温時に発火するという問
題点があるばかりではなく、ディスクローター等の相手
材に対する攻撃性が大きいという欠点がある。Therefore, it has been considered to include iron-based fibers in the fiber component, but friction materials using iron-based fibers generally have high thermal conductivity and are excellent in wear resistance and fade resistance at high temperatures. However, they not only have the problems of being heavy and igniting at high temperatures, but also have the drawback of being highly aggressive toward mating materials such as disc rotors.
従って、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、上記の非石
綿系摩擦材において、対面攻撃性が小さく、低温から高
温まで安定した摩擦性能を示し、鳴き性能が優れた摩擦
材を提供することである。Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned non-asbestos-based friction material that has low face-to-face aggressiveness, exhibits stable friction performance from low to high temperatures, and has excellent squeal performance. be.
本発明は上記の課題を解決することを目的としてなされ
たもので、その構成は、石綿以外の繊維成分と、フェノ
ール樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂成分と。The present invention was made with the aim of solving the above problems, and consists of a fiber component other than asbestos and a thermosetting resin component such as a phenol resin.
黒鉛、硫酸バリウム等の充填材粉末成分とを含有する摩
擦材において、繊維長が０．１〜３Ｉ［Ｉｌｌ、繊維径
が１０〜６０μｍのチタン酸カリウム繊維（以下、チタ
ン酸カリウム繊維Ａという）及び繊維長が１０〜３０μ
ｍ、繊維径が０．２〜０．５μｍのチタン酸カリウム繊
維（以下、チタン酸カリウム繊維Ｂという）を含むこと
を特徴とするものである。In a friction material containing filler powder components such as graphite and barium sulfate, potassium titanate fibers having a fiber length of 0.1 to 3I [Ill] and a fiber diameter of 10 to 60 μm (hereinafter referred to as potassium titanate fiber A) and fiber length is 10~30μ
m, and a fiber diameter of 0.2 to 0.5 μm (hereinafter referred to as potassium titanate fiber B).
即ち、本発明の発明者は、低温から高温まで安定した摩
擦性能を示し、鳴き性能及び高温時における耐摩耗性が
優れた非石綿系摩擦材を得ることを目的として研究を重
ねた結果、繊維成分の少なくとも一部に形状の異なる２
種類のチタン酸カリウム繊維を特定量含ませることによ
り、上記の目的を達成できることを知得し、本発明をな
し遂げたのである。That is, the inventor of the present invention has conducted repeated research with the aim of obtaining a non-asbestos friction material that exhibits stable friction performance from low to high temperatures and has excellent squeal performance and wear resistance at high temperatures. At least some of the components have different shapes 2
The present invention was accomplished based on the knowledge that the above object can be achieved by including a specific amount of potassium titanate fibers of different types.
尚、上記におけるチタン酸カリウム繊維の含有合計量は
、摩擦材全量に対して、５〜３０体積％が望ましく、５
％以下では摩擦係数の安定性が悪く、３０％以上では繊
維の比表面積が大きくなるため。The total content of potassium titanate fibers in the above is preferably 5 to 30% by volume, based on the total amount of the friction material.
If it is less than 30%, the stability of the friction coefficient is poor, and if it is more than 30%, the specific surface area of the fibers becomes large.
フェノール樹脂等のバインダーを多くしないと強度を確
保出来なくなり、性能の悪化を招くおそれがある。If the amount of binder such as phenol resin is not increased, strength cannot be ensured, which may lead to deterioration of performance.
而して、本発明において、チタン酸カリウム繊維以外で
繊維成分として使用されるものには、アラミド繊維等の
有機繊維、ガラス繊維、ロックウール、セラミック繊維
等の無機繊維、銅２青銅。In the present invention, fiber components other than potassium titanate fibers include organic fibers such as aramid fibers, inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, rock wool, and ceramic fibers, and copper di-bronze.
アルミニウム、黄銅等の金属繊維が挙げられ、また、結
合材としては、フェノール樹脂、Ｊｊ＜素樹脂。Examples include metal fibers such as aluminum and brass, and examples of the binding material include phenol resin and base resin.
メラミン樹脂またはそれらの変性樹脂のような熱硬化性
樹脂や、ポリアセタール、芳香族ポリイミド樹脂、フッ
素樹脂等の耐熱性樹脂が挙げられ、充填材としては、黒
鉛２金属粉、二硫化モリブデン、カシューダストのよう
な潤滑作用のあるものや、硫酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウ
ム等が挙げられる。Thermosetting resins such as melamine resin or modified resins thereof, heat-resistant resins such as polyacetal, aromatic polyimide resin, and fluororesin are listed, and fillers include graphite dimetallic powder, molybdenum disulfide, and cashew dust. Examples include those with lubricating properties, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, etc.
本発明摩擦材は非石綿系摩擦材であって、繊維成分の少
なくとも一部に形状の異なる２種類のチタン酸カリウム
繊維を用いることにより、対面攻撃性が小さく、低温か
ら高温まで安定した摩擦性能を示すと共に、鳴き性能が
向上する。The friction material of the present invention is a non-asbestos-based friction material, and by using two types of potassium titanate fibers with different shapes as at least part of the fiber component, it has low surface aggression and stable friction performance from low to high temperatures. and the squeal performance is improved.
次に、本発明の実施例について説明する。 Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
結合材としてフェノール樹脂を、充填材として黒鉛、硫
酸バリウムをそれぞれ用い、繊維基材として、アラミド
繊維、ロックウール、金属繊維。Phenol resin is used as a binder, graphite and barium sulfate are used as fillers, and aramid fiber, rock wool, and metal fiber are used as fiber base materials.
チタン酸カリウムＡ及びＢを用いて、これらを均一に混
合し、室温、圧力４００ｋｇ／ｄで予備成型した後、温
度１５０°Ｃ１圧力４００ｋｇ／ｃＪで１０分間、加熱
加圧成型し、次いで温度１８０℃で５時間熱処理して、
表１．に示す実施例Ｉ、Ｈの摩擦材を得た。なお、表中
の数値は体積％を表す。Using potassium titanates A and B, they were mixed uniformly and preformed at room temperature and pressure of 400 kg/d, then heated and pressure molded at a temperature of 150° C. and a pressure of 400 kg/cJ for 10 minutes, and then at a temperature of 180° C. Heat treated at ℃ for 5 hours,
Table 1. Friction materials of Examples I and H shown in were obtained. Note that the numerical values in the table represent volume %.
上記実施例の組成において、チタン酸カリウム繊維を１
種類にし、同様にして比較例１，１１を得た。In the composition of the above example, 1 potassium titanate fiber was added.
Comparative Examples 1 and 11 were obtained in the same manner.
これらの摩擦材をＪＡＳＯｒ乗用車ブレーキ装置ダイナ
モメータ−試験方法」に規定されている摩擦性能試験法
によりテストを行なった結果及び実車により鳴き試験を
行った結果を表２に示す。Table 2 shows the results of testing these friction materials according to the friction performance test method specified in the JAS Or Passenger Car Brake System Dynamometer Test Method and the results of a squeal test using an actual vehicle.
以上のように、繊維基材として石綿を含まない本発明非
石綿系摩擦材は、実施例に示したように、アラミド繊維
等の有機繊維やロックウール等の無機繊維、銅繊維等の
金属系繊維、フェノール樹脂等の結合材及び黒鉛、硫酸
バリウム等の充填材成分から成るもので、前記繊維成分
の少なくとも一部に形状の異なる２種類のチタン酸カリ
ウム繊維を特定量含ませた結果、低温から高温まで安定
した摩擦性能を示し鳴き性能かつ高温時における摩耗特
性が上記の通り向上するので、自動車のブレーキパッド
、ブレーキライニング、クラッチフェーシング等に使用
する摩擦材として好適である。As described above, the non-asbestos friction material of the present invention, which does not contain asbestos as a fiber base material, can be made of organic fibers such as aramid fibers, inorganic fibers such as rock wool, metal fibers such as copper fibers, etc. It consists of fibers, a binder such as phenolic resin, and a filler component such as graphite or barium sulfate.As a result of containing specific amounts of two types of potassium titanate fibers with different shapes in at least a part of the fiber component, It exhibits stable friction performance from low to high temperatures, and improves squeal performance and wear characteristics at high temperatures as described above, so it is suitable as a friction material for use in automobile brake pads, brake linings, clutch facings, etc.
Claims (1)
性樹脂成分と、黒鉛、硫酸バリウム等の充填材粉末成分
とを含有する摩擦材において、前記繊維成分の少なくと
も一部に形状の異なる２種類のチタン酸カリウム繊維を
含むことを特徴とする非石綿系摩擦材。 ２ ２種類のチタン酸カリウム繊維の１種類は繊維長が
０．１〜３ｍｍ、繊維径が１０〜６０μｍであり、他の
１種類は繊維長が１０〜３０μｍ、繊維径が０．２〜０
．５μｍであることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の非石
綿系摩擦材。 ３ 摩擦材全量に対する各チタン酸カリウム繊維の量が
０．５〜２０体積％であり、その合計が５〜３０体積％
であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の非石綿系摩擦
材。 ４ 石綿以外の繊維成分がアラミド繊維等の有機繊維、
ガラス繊維、ロックウール、セラミック繊維等の無機繊
維、銅、青銅、アルミニウム、黄銅等の金属繊維である
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の非石綿系摩擦材。[Scope of Claims] 1. In a friction material containing a fiber component other than asbestos, a thermosetting resin component such as a phenol resin, and a filler powder component such as graphite or barium sulfate, at least a portion of the fiber component A non-asbestos friction material characterized by containing two types of potassium titanate fibers having different shapes. 2 One of the two types of potassium titanate fibers has a fiber length of 0.1 to 3 mm and a fiber diameter of 10 to 60 μm, and the other type has a fiber length of 10 to 30 μm and a fiber diameter of 0.2 to 0.
．． The non-asbestos friction material according to claim 1, wherein the non-asbestos friction material has a thickness of 5 μm. 3 The amount of each potassium titanate fiber with respect to the total amount of the friction material is 0.5 to 20% by volume, and the total amount is 5 to 30% by volume.
The non-asbestos friction material according to claim 1, characterized in that: 4 Fiber components other than asbestos are organic fibers such as aramid fibers,
The non-asbestos friction material according to claim 1, characterized in that it is an inorganic fiber such as glass fiber, rock wool, or ceramic fiber, or a metal fiber such as copper, bronze, aluminum, or brass.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22245090A JP2879364B2 (en) | 1990-08-27 | 1990-08-27 | Non-asbestos friction material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22245090A JP2879364B2 (en) | 1990-08-27 | 1990-08-27 | Non-asbestos friction material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04106183A true JPH04106183A (en) | 1992-04-08 |
| JP2879364B2 JP2879364B2 (en) | 1999-04-05 |
Family
ID=16782600
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22245090A Expired - Fee Related JP2879364B2 (en) | 1990-08-27 | 1990-08-27 | Non-asbestos friction material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2879364B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2166058A4 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2011-12-07 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Friction material composition, and friction material using the same |
| CN106051001A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-10-26 | 王永红 | Environmentally friendly three-dimensional composite reinforced organic brake pad and preparation technology thereof |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3998879B2 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2007-10-31 | 曙ブレーキ工業株式会社 | Friction material |
| ATE538073T1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2012-01-15 | Showa Denko Kk | COATING MATERIAL AND ITS USE |
| WO2007080975A1 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-19 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Composition for friction material and friction material using same |
| BR112014003684B1 (en) * | 2011-08-18 | 2020-12-29 | Tenneco Inc | friction material for a brake, and method for forming a brake pad |
| CN103059807B (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2015-05-20 | 瑞阳汽车零部件（仙桃）有限公司 | Friction material composition for high-performance brake pad |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5980543A (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1984-05-10 | Aisin Chem Co Ltd | Friction material for car |
| JPS6362926A (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1988-03-19 | Aisin Chem Co Ltd | Friction material |
-
1990
- 1990-08-27 JP JP22245090A patent/JP2879364B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5980543A (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1984-05-10 | Aisin Chem Co Ltd | Friction material for car |
| JPS6362926A (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1988-03-19 | Aisin Chem Co Ltd | Friction material |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2166058A4 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2011-12-07 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Friction material composition, and friction material using the same |
| CN106051001A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-10-26 | 王永红 | Environmentally friendly three-dimensional composite reinforced organic brake pad and preparation technology thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2879364B2 (en) | 1999-04-05 |
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