CN102031088B - Inorganic-organic composite friction material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Inorganic-organic composite friction material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an inorganic-organic composite friction material and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the field of composite materials. The friction material consists of liquid inorganic salt or oxide, a curing agent, organic high polymer and other fillers. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: uniformly blending the raw materials according to proportion, casting the mixture for molding or coating the mixture on the surface, and baking, curing and performing heat treatment under a certain temperature control program. In the friction material, the inorganic substance serves as a skeleton structure, so that the friction material has high mechanical property and chemical stability and a wide application temperature range; the organic high polymer material is filled to improve the brittleness of the friction material; and a shift film is generated on the friction interface to reduce abrasion of the friction material and a coupling surface. The friction material has high wear resistance and comprehensive performance and the preparation process is simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of inorganic-organic composite friction material and preparation method thereof, belong to field of compound material.
Background technology
Development along with new and high technology, it is day by day harsh that the working conditions of engineering machinery, equipment and member becomes, and general material does not have enough physical strengths and wear resistance, after being subject to long-time vibratory impulse and mechanical friction effect, very quick-wearing, and even inefficacy.
And along with the development of science and technology, also presenting diversification for the demand of friction materials, the friction materials that uses at present mainly contains three classes: resin base, metal matrix, ceramic base.The organic resin base frication material is widely used in anticorrosion and wear-resistant coating, matrix is organic polymer in the organic resin base frication material, elasticity modulus of materials is less, high and low temperature resistance is relatively poor, so after higher envrionment temperature or frictional heat, friction materials can soften, be out of shape, material becomes fragile under the low temperature, easily occurrence of large-area damage, material property also can have greatly changed.Simultaneously, problem of aging is also restricting its work-ing life.
Abrasion-proof ceramic coat is then owing to have the mechanical endurance energy of good anticorrosive effect and excellence concurrently, successfully be applied in the complicated dynamic duty environment, but abrasion-proof ceramic coat is relatively large to the wear damage of friction pair face, and preparation technology's relative complex of abrasion-proof ceramic coat, cost are high, such as the method that can prepare abrasion-proof ceramic coat thermospray, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapour deposition (CVD) etc. are arranged.
Although the metal matrix friction materials has higher mechanical property and resistance to elevated temperatures, its wear resistance then can not meet the demands, and friction noise is also larger.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of inorganic-organic composite friction material with good wear resistance, high and low temperature resistance and mechanical property and preparation method thereof is provided.
A kind of inorganic-organic composite friction material is characterized in that: be comprised of by following mass percent following composition: base-material: colloidal alumina or silicate solutions or phosphate solution, solids content are 40wt%～95wt%; Solidifying agent: the chemical reaction mol ratio according to base-material and solidifying agent is determined its content, and scope is 0wt%～40wt%; The major function filler: macromolecule resin, content are 5wt%～40wt%; Other fillers: 0wt%～1wt% coupling agent, 0wt%～10wt% fortifying fibre, 0wt%～10wt% low friction compound.
Described inorganic-organic composite friction material is characterized in that:
The preparation method of above-mentioned inorganic-organic composite friction material is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, with following raw materials according in mass ratio example mix, stir: base-material: colloidal alumina or silicate solutions or phosphate solution, solids content are 40wt%～95wt%; Solidifying agent: 0wt%～30wt%; The major function filler: macromolecule resin, content are 5wt%～40wt%; Other fillers: 0wt%～1wt% coupling agent, 0wt%～10wt% fortifying fibre, 0wt%～10wt% low friction compound; Step 2, the material for preparing is cast in the mould, perhaps be coated in the surface; Ageing under step 3, the room temperature, thermal dehydration, then heat preservation solidification, thermal treatment.
The first: a kind of alumina type composite friction material need not solidifying agent generally take colloidal alumina as base-material, and it is formulated directly to add filler.Its mass percent is: colloidal alumina 60wt%～95wt%, and the major function filler: macromolecule resin, content are 5wt%～40wt%; Other fillers: 0wt%～1wt% coupling agent, 0wt%～10wt% fortifying fibre, 0wt%～10wt% low friction compound.
The preparation method of above-mentioned alumina type composite friction material comprises following process: (1), with the raw material of moiety in mass ratio example mix, stir; (2), the material for preparing is cast in the mould, perhaps be coated in the surface; (3), different according to type and the material thickness of base-material and solidifying agent, ageing is 8～20 hours under the room temperature, 80～100 ℃ of thermal dehydrations 1～2 hour, then 120～200 ℃ of heat preservation solidification 2～4 hours, kind according to institute's filled high polymer material is different again, is higher than 10～30 ℃ of thermal treatments of its fusing point 10～100 minutes.
The second: a kind of silicates composite friction material is take alkalimetal silicate as base-material, and adding solidifying agent and filler etc. are formulated.Its mass percent is: alkalimetal silicate 40wt%～75wt%; Solidifying agent is metal oxide or metal hydroxides or silicide or Si oxide or phosphoric acid salt or borate, content 20wt%～40wt%, and the major function filler: macromolecule resin, content are 5wt%～40wt%; Other fillers: 0wt%～1wt% coupling agent, 0wt%～10wt% fortifying fibre, 0wt%～10wt% low friction compound.
The preparation method of above-mentioned silicates composite friction material comprises following process: (1), with the raw material of moiety in mass ratio example mix, stir; (2), the material for preparing is cast in the mould, perhaps be coated in the surface; (3), different according to type and the material thickness of base-material and solidifying agent, ageing is 4～40 hours under the room temperature, 100～140 ℃ of thermal dehydrations 4～12 hours, then 120～200 ℃ of heat preservation solidification 1～4 hour, kind according to institute's filled high polymer material is different again, is higher than 10～30 ℃ of thermal treatments of its fusing point 10～100 minutes.
The third: a kind of phosphoric acid salt composite friction material is to be base-material by acid phosphate or metaphosphate or pyrophosphate salt, and it is formulated to add solidifying agent and filler etc.Solidifying agent is metal oxide or metal hydroxides or silicate or borate.Its mass percent is: phosphoric acid salt 40wt%～70wt%; Curing agent content 20wt%～40wt%, the major function filler: macromolecule resin, content are 5wt%～40wt%; Other fillers: 0wt%～1wt% coupling agent, 0wt%～10wt% fortifying fibre, 0wt%～10wt% low friction compound.
The preparation method of above-mentioned phosphoric acid salt composite friction material comprise following process (1), with the raw material of moiety in mass ratio example mix, stir; (2), the material for preparing is cast in the mould, perhaps be coated in the surface; (3), different according to type and the material thickness of base-material and solidifying agent, ageing is 4～40 hours under the room temperature, 100～140 ℃ of insulations 4～12 hours, the kind according to institute's filled high polymer material was different again, is higher than 10～30 ℃ of thermal treatments of its fusing point 10～100 minutes.
The base-material of friction materials of the present invention is liquid inorganic salt or oxide compound, it is the inorganics that a class scope of inorganic salt, mineral acid, inorganic base metal and the compositions such as metal oxide, oxyhydroxide can be solidified quite widely at a lower temperature, mainly comprise: silicate solutions or phosphate solution or colloidal alumina, high temperature resistant, intensity is high, and weather resistance is good, and is cheap, and pollution-free, easy construction.Yet pure such inorganic physical property is crisp, wear resisting property is inadequate.
Add organic resin modified, improve to a certain extent the toughness of material.According to the actual requirements, tetrafluoroethylene, molybdenumdisulphide, graphite, carbon fiber, glass fibre etc. be can also add and wear resisting property and toughness improved.
With the skeleton structure of the inorganics after the curing dehydration as material, so that friction materials obtains higher mechanical property and high and low temperature resistance, and the adding of organic polymer material has improved wear resistance and the toughness of friction materials, coupling agent then improves the interfacial adhesion power between the different components, other functional stuffings are used for improving wear resistance, the performances such as resistance to impact shock, obtain a kind of good friction materials of over-all properties that has, and with traditional take organic polymer as matrix, add the friction materials of mineral filler relatively, have better mechanical property and high and low temperature resistance.Can form inierpeneirating network structure such as 65wt% colloidal alumina, epoxy phenolics and 15% other fillers of 20%, greatly be conducive to obtain higher Young's modulus, resistance to impact shock, other functional stuffings are the assisted Extraction high-wear resistance then.
Generally speaking, friction materials of the present invention have higher mechanical property,, good chemical stability, thermostability and the characteristics such as wear-resistant.Wherein, key is that inorganics can obtain preferably mechanical property and thermostability as skeleton structure, behind the interpolation macromolecule resin, improved the toughness of material, having improved the wear resistance of material, be a kind of friction materials of high comprehensive performance, and preparation technology is simple.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:A kind of inorganic-organic composite friction material, colloidal alumina 75wt%(solid content), organic polymer polybenzoate powder 20wt%, silane coupling agent 0.2wt% and low friction compound graphite 4.8wt% its composition and mass percent:.
Utilize said ratio to prepare friction materials, may further comprise the steps:
(1), with the raw material of moiety in mass ratio example mix, stir;
(2), the material that will mix be coated in operation surface or the mould of packing in, ageing is more than 16 hours under the room temperature;
(3), be warming up to 150 ℃ 90 ℃ of lower insulations after one hour, be incubated one hour, be warming up to again about 400 ℃ insulation 10-30 minute, cool off, polish, be processed into required surface or shape.
Embodiment 2:A kind of inorganic-organic composite friction material, colloidal alumina 60wt%(solid content), polybenzoate powder 30wt%, silane coupling agent 0.2wt% and graphite 9.8wt% its composition and mass percent:.
Utilize said ratio to prepare friction materials, may further comprise the steps:
(1), with the raw material of moiety in mass ratio example mix, stir;
(2), the material that will mix be coated in operation surface or the mould of packing in, ageing is more than 16 hours under the room temperature;
(3), be warming up to 150 ℃ 90 ℃ of lower insulations after one hour, be incubated one hour, be warming up to again about 400 ℃ and be incubated 10-30 minute, polish, be processed into required surface or shape.
Embodiment 3:A kind of inorganic-organic composite friction material, colloidal alumina 95wt%(solid content), polybenzoate powder 4.8wt% and silane coupling agent 0.2wt% its composition and mass percent:.
Utilize said ratio to prepare friction materials, may further comprise the steps:
(1), with the raw material of moiety in mass ratio example mix, stir;
(2), the material that will mix be coated in operation surface or the mould of packing in, ageing is more than 16 hours under the room temperature;
(3), be warming up to 150 ℃ 90 ℃ of lower insulations after one hour, be incubated one hour, be warming up to again about 400 ℃ and be incubated 10-30 minute, polish, be processed into required surface or shape.
Embodiment 4:A kind of inorganic-organic composite friction material, aluminium dihydrogen phosphate 60wt%(solid content), carbon fiber 15wt%, polybenzoate 15wt%, nano aluminium oxide 5wt%, silane coupling agent 0.2wt% and graphite 4.8wt% its composition and mass percent:.
Utilize said ratio to prepare friction materials, may further comprise the steps:
(1), with the raw material of moiety in mass ratio example mix, stir;
(2), the material that will mix be coated in operation surface or the mould of packing in, ageing is more than 4 hours under the room temperature;
(3), 120 ℃ of lower insulations 8 hours, then be warming up to 150 ℃, be incubated one hour, be warming up to again about 400 ℃ and be incubated 10-30 minute, polish, be processed into required surface or shape.
Embodiment 5:A kind of inorganic-organic composite friction material, phosphate dihydrogen aluminum solution 95wt%(solid content), polyhexamethylene adipamide 4.8wt% and silane coupling agent 0.2wt% its composition and mass percent:.
Utilize said ratio to prepare friction materials, may further comprise the steps:
(1), with the raw material of moiety in mass ratio example mix, stir;
(2), the material that will mix be coated in operation surface or the mould of packing in, ageing is more than 4 hours under the room temperature;
(3), 120 ℃ of lower insulations 8 hours, then be warming up to 150 ℃, be incubated one hour, be warming up to again about 220 ℃ and be incubated 20-30 minute, polish, be processed into required surface or shape.
Embodiment 6:A kind of inorganic-organic composite friction material, its composition and mass percent: sodium silicate solution 60wt%(solid content), alumina gel 15wt%(solidifying agent), polyhexamethylene adipamide 10wt%, carbon fiber 10wt%, silane coupling agent 0.2wt% and graphite 4.8wt%.
Utilize said ratio to prepare friction materials, may further comprise the steps:
(1), with the raw material end of moiety in mass ratio example mix, stir;
(2), the material that will mix be coated in operation surface or the mould of packing in, ageing is more than 8 hours under the room temperature;
(3), 120 ℃ of lower insulations 8 hours, be warming up to again about 220 ℃ insulation 20-30 minute, polish, be processed into the polishing of required surface or shape, be processed into required surface or shape.
Embodiment 7:A kind of inorganic-organic composite friction material, its composition and mass percent: sodium silicate solution 78wt%(solid content), alumina gel 17wt%(solidifying agent) and polybenzoate 5wt%.
Utilize said ratio to prepare friction materials, may further comprise the steps:
(1), with the raw material of moiety in mass ratio example mix, stir;
(2), the material that will mix be coated in operation surface or the mould of packing in, ageing is more than 8 hours under the room temperature;
(3), be warming up to about 400 ℃ after 8 hours 120 ℃ of lower insulations, be incubated 30 minutes, polish, be processed into required surface or shape.
Embodiment 8:A kind of inorganic-organic composite friction material, colloidal alumina 50wt%(solid content), polybenzoate powder 25wt%, carbon fiber 20wt%, silane coupling agent 0.2wt% and graphite 4.8wt% its composition and mass percent:.
Utilize said ratio to prepare friction materials, may further comprise the steps:
(1), with the raw material of moiety in mass ratio example mix, stir;
(2), the material that will mix be coated in operation surface or the mould of packing in, ageing is more than 16 hours under the room temperature;
(3), be warming up to 150 ℃ 90 ℃ of lower insulations after one hour, be incubated one hour, be warming up to again about 400 ℃ insulation 10-30 minute, cool off, polish, be processed into required surface or shape.
Utilize WDW-5000N microcomputer controlled electronic universal tester testing friction elasticity modulus of materials, testing friction coefficient and abrasion loss on the vertical omnipotent tester for friction between of WMM-W1-, be GCr15 to the mill material, the Applicable temperature of friction materials is to calculate according to the material parameter of inorganic materials matrix and the organic macromolecule glass transition of filling and fusing point to get.
Embodiment Properties of Friction Materials table
| ? | Young's modulus | Frictional coefficient | Applicable temperature | Abrasion loss mm 3/m |
| Embodiment one material | 4.1 GPa | 0.35 | -150～260℃ | 2.4×10 -4 |
| Embodiment two materials | 3.4 GPa | 0.33 | -150～300℃ | 1.3×10 -3 |
| Embodiment three materials | 5.7 GPa | 0.39 | -150～300℃ | 1.5×10 -3 |
| Embodiment four materials | 3.4 GPa | 0.31 | -150～300℃ | 0.9×10 -3 |
| Embodiment five materials | 4.3 GPa | 0.34 | -150～180℃ | 0.8×10 -3 |
| Embodiment six materials | 3.8 GPa | 0.33 | -150～180℃ | 1.0×10 -3 |
| Embodiment seven materials | 4.7 GPa | 0.37 | -150～300℃ | 0.9×10 -3 |
| Embodiment eight materials | 1.9 GPa | 0.28 | -150～300℃ | 1.5×10 -1 |
Can find out that from the performance table of embodiment friction materials the friction materials over-all properties of the present invention's preparation is good, wherein, the combination of embodiment 1 content is more moderate, abrasion loss is minimum, and inorganic content in the embodiment 8 (containing solidifying agent) is lower than 60%, and Performance Ratio is relatively poor.Integrated survey, friction materials Young's modulus of the present invention is than the high order of magnitude of resin-matrix friction material, than low one or two order of magnitude of ceramic-based friction material, frictional coefficient, abrasion loss and resin-matrix friction material are suitable, and be high two more than the order of magnitude than ceramic-based friction material; Applicable temperature is narrow than ceramic-based friction material, and is wide than resin-matrix friction material, can adjust simultaneously and add the required Applicable temperature of organic macromolecule kind acquisition, and temperature stability is good.
Claims (8)
1. inorganic-organic composite friction material is characterized in that: be comprised of by following mass percent following composition:
Base-material: colloidal alumina or silicate solutions or phosphate solution, solids content are 40wt%～95wt%; Chemical reaction mol ratio according to base-material and solidifying agent is determined its content, and the curing agent content scope is: 0wt%～30wt%;
The major function filler: macromolecule resin, content are 5wt%～40wt%;
Other fillers: 0wt%～1wt% coupling agent, 0wt%～10wt% fortifying fibre, 0wt%～10wt% low friction compound.
2. inorganic-organic composite friction material according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned base-material is colloidal alumina, and its solids content is 60wt%～95wt%;
Above-mentioned solidifying agent, its content are 0.
3. inorganic-organic composite friction material according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned base-material is alkalimetal silicate, and its solids content is 40wt%～75wt%;
Above-mentioned solidifying agent is metal oxide or metal hydroxides or silicide or Si oxide or phosphoric acid salt or borate, and content is 20wt%～40wt%.
4. inorganic-organic composite friction material according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned base-material is acid phosphate or metaphosphate or pyrophosphate salt, and its solids content is 40wt%～70wt%;
Above-mentioned solidifying agent is 20wt%～40wt%.
5. the preparation method of an inorganic-organic composite friction material is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, with following raw materials according in mass ratio example mix, stir:
Base-material: colloidal alumina or silicate solutions or phosphate solution, solids content are 40wt%～95wt%;
Solidifying agent: 0wt%～30wt%;
The major function filler: macromolecule resin, content are 5wt%～40wt%;
Other fillers: 0wt%～1wt% coupling agent, 0wt%～10wt% fortifying fibre, 0wt%～10wt% low friction compound;
Step 2, the material for preparing is cast in the mould, perhaps be coated in the surface;
Ageing under step 3, the room temperature, thermal dehydration, then heat preservation solidification, thermal treatment.
6. the preparation method of inorganic-organic composite friction material according to claim 5 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned base-material is colloidal alumina, and its solids content is 60wt%～95wt%;
Above-mentioned solidifying agent, its content are 0;
Above-mentioned steps three detailed processes are as follows: ageing is 8～20 hours under the room temperature, different according to material thickness, 80～100 ℃ of thermal dehydrations 1～2 hour, then 120～200 ℃ of heat preservation solidification 2～4 hours, kind according to institute's filled high polymer material is different again, is higher than 10～30 ℃ of thermal treatments of its fusing point 10～100 minutes.
7. the preparation method of inorganic-organic composite friction material according to claim 5 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned base-material is alkalimetal silicate, and its solids content is 40wt%～75wt%;
Above-mentioned solidifying agent is metal oxide or metal hydroxides or silicide or Si oxide or phosphoric acid salt or borate, and content is 20wt%～40wt%;
Above-mentioned steps three detailed processes are as follows: ageing is 4～40 hours under the room temperature, different according to material thickness, 100～140 ℃ of thermal dehydrations 4～12 hours, then 120～200 ℃ of heat preservation solidification 1～4 hour, kind according to institute's filled high polymer material is different again, is higher than 10～30 ℃ of thermal treatments of its fusing point 10～100 minutes.
8. the preparation method of inorganic-organic composite friction material according to claim 5 is characterized in that:
Above-mentioned base-material is acid phosphate or metaphosphate or pyrophosphate salt, and its solids content is 40wt%～70wt%;
Above-mentioned solidifying agent is 20wt%～40wt%;
Above-mentioned steps three detailed processes are as follows: ageing is 4～40 hours under the room temperature, and is different according to material thickness, and 100～140 ℃ of insulations 4～12 hours, the kind according to institute's filled high polymer material was different again, is higher than 10～30 ℃ of thermal treatments of its fusing point 10～100 minutes.
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