ZA200209512B - Hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst and process. - Google Patents
Hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst and process. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200209512B ZA200209512B ZA200209512A ZA200209512A ZA200209512B ZA 200209512 B ZA200209512 B ZA 200209512B ZA 200209512 A ZA200209512 A ZA 200209512A ZA 200209512 A ZA200209512 A ZA 200209512A ZA 200209512 B ZA200209512 B ZA 200209512B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- iron
- surface area
- precipitated
- promotor
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 127
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 18
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 157
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 carbonate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005569 Iron sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CUPCBVUMRUSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].OOO Chemical compound [Fe].OOO CUPCBVUMRUSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H ferric oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021519 iron(III) oxide-hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012256 powdered iron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
- C10G2/332—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the iron-group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/0425—Catalysts; their physical properties
- C07C1/0445—Preparation; Activation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/392—Metal surface area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
- C07C2523/745—Iron
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US21292700P | 2000-06-20 | 2000-06-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200209512B true ZA200209512B (en) | 2003-10-22 |
Family
ID=22792983
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200209512A ZA200209512B (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2002-11-22 | Hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst and process. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6844370B2 (no) |
| EP (1) | EP1292654A2 (no) |
| CN (1) | CN100384964C (no) |
| AU (1) | AU2001268766A1 (no) |
| BR (1) | BR0111811A (no) |
| NO (1) | NO20026089L (no) |
| RU (1) | RU2002132843A (no) |
| WO (1) | WO2001097968A2 (no) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200209512B (no) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003087265A1 (en) * | 2002-04-16 | 2003-10-23 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Hydrocarbon synthesis process using an alkali promoted iron catalyst |
| WO2004041969A1 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2004-05-21 | Albemarle Netherlands B.V. | Fischer-tropsch process using a fischer-tropsch catalyst and zeolite y |
| WO2004041970A1 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2004-05-21 | Albemarle Netherlands B.V. | Fischer-tropsch process using a fischer-tropsch catalyst and a zeolite-containing catalyst |
| US10086365B2 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2018-10-02 | Res Usa, Llc | Strengthened iron catalyst for slurry reactors |
| EP2193842A1 (en) | 2008-12-08 | 2010-06-09 | Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd | Preparation of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst |
| EP2193841A1 (en) | 2008-12-08 | 2010-06-09 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst and process with improved selectivity to short chain products |
| CN110013856B (zh) * | 2008-12-08 | 2021-08-10 | Sasol 技术股份有限公司 | 烯烃选择性ft催化剂组合物及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2459913A (en) | 1944-04-04 | 1949-01-25 | Geigy Ag J R | Metallizable tetrakisazo dye |
| US2459444A (en) | 1946-11-08 | 1949-01-18 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Hydrocarbon synthesis |
| NL75045C (no) * | 1951-10-09 | |||
| FR1064133A (fr) | 1951-10-09 | 1954-05-11 | Ruhrchemie Ag | Catalyseurs au fer pour l'hydrogénation de l'oxyde de carbone avec une tsheur élevée en hydrocarbure du genre essence |
| GB906016A (en) * | 1959-09-29 | 1962-09-19 | David Gall | Improvements relating to the production of hydrocarbons and/or oxygenated hydrocarbons |
| US4340503A (en) | 1980-08-15 | 1982-07-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Catalyst for converting synthesis gas to light olefins |
| US4513104A (en) * | 1981-09-03 | 1985-04-23 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Process using iron-thallium catalysts in CO hydrogenation |
| US5118715A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1992-06-02 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Selective fixed-bed fischer-tropsch synthesis with high surface area Cu and K promoted, iron/manganese spinels |
| US4670476A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1987-06-02 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Manganese-spinel catalysts in CO/H2 olefin synthesis |
| EP0200315A3 (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1988-05-25 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Catalysts |
| US4788222A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1988-11-29 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Method for the production of hydrocarbons using iron-carbon-based catalysts |
| CN1075398C (zh) * | 1998-02-12 | 2001-11-28 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | 一种合成低碳混合醇的催化剂 |
| ZA982737B (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 1999-11-24 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Heat treated fischer-tropsch catalyst particles. |
| NO311081B1 (no) * | 1999-12-09 | 2001-10-08 | Norske Stats Oljeselskap | Optimalisert FT-syntese ved reformering og resirkulering av tail-gass fra FT-syntesen |
-
2001
- 2001-06-20 WO PCT/ZA2001/000084 patent/WO2001097968A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-06-20 CN CNB018114121A patent/CN100384964C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-20 EP EP01946755A patent/EP1292654A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-20 RU RU2002132843/04A patent/RU2002132843A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-20 AU AU2001268766A patent/AU2001268766A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-20 BR BR0111811-0A patent/BR0111811A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-11-22 ZA ZA200209512A patent/ZA200209512B/en unknown
- 2002-12-12 US US10/319,805 patent/US6844370B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-18 NO NO20026089A patent/NO20026089L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR0111811A (pt) | 2003-05-20 |
| WO2001097968A3 (en) | 2002-04-25 |
| CN1451035A (zh) | 2003-10-22 |
| US6844370B2 (en) | 2005-01-18 |
| CN100384964C (zh) | 2008-04-30 |
| US20030162850A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
| RU2002132843A (ru) | 2004-06-27 |
| NO20026089D0 (no) | 2002-12-18 |
| NO20026089L (no) | 2003-02-20 |
| EP1292654A2 (en) | 2003-03-19 |
| AU2001268766A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
| WO2001097968A2 (en) | 2001-12-27 |
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