ZA200109795B - Method of detecting the onset of colloid formation in particular sulfur precipitation. - Google Patents
Method of detecting the onset of colloid formation in particular sulfur precipitation. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200109795B ZA200109795B ZA200109795A ZA200109795A ZA200109795B ZA 200109795 B ZA200109795 B ZA 200109795B ZA 200109795 A ZA200109795 A ZA 200109795A ZA 200109795 A ZA200109795 A ZA 200109795A ZA 200109795 B ZA200109795 B ZA 200109795B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- electrolyte
- cell
- circulating
- electric field
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 23
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- -1 sulfide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010603 pastilles Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
- H01M10/3918—Sodium-sulfur cells characterised by the electrolyte
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/032—Analysing fluids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/484—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring electrolyte level, electrolyte density or electrolyte conductivity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/024—Mixtures
- G01N2291/02416—Solids in liquids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0251—Solidification, icing, curing composites, polymerisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0255—(Bio)chemical reactions, e.g. on biosensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0256—Adsorption, desorption, surface mass change, e.g. on biosensors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9913185.6A GB9913185D0 (en) | 1999-06-07 | 1999-06-07 | Sulfur precipitation detector |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200109795B true ZA200109795B (en) | 2003-02-28 |
Family
ID=10854863
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200109795A ZA200109795B (en) | 1999-06-07 | 2001-11-28 | Method of detecting the onset of colloid formation in particular sulfur precipitation. |
Country Status (24)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6617070B1 (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP1187673B1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JP2003501638A (pt) |
| KR (1) | KR20020035002A (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN1368901A (pt) |
| AT (1) | ATE234148T1 (pt) |
| AU (1) | AU5235800A (pt) |
| BG (1) | BG106166A (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR0011390A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2371067A1 (pt) |
| CZ (1) | CZ20014336A3 (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE60001655T2 (pt) |
| DK (1) | DK1187673T3 (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2194739T3 (pt) |
| GB (2) | GB9913185D0 (pt) |
| HU (1) | HUP0201563A2 (pt) |
| IL (1) | IL146763A0 (pt) |
| NO (1) | NO20015905L (pt) |
| NZ (1) | NZ515862A (pt) |
| PL (1) | PL351870A1 (pt) |
| PT (1) | PT1187673E (pt) |
| SK (1) | SK17502001A3 (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO2000074839A1 (pt) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200109795B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUPR338101A0 (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2001-03-22 | Colloidal Dynamics Pty. Ltd. | Improved geometry for pulsed acoustic measurements |
| AU2002234424B2 (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2006-11-02 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Improved geometry for pulsed acoustic measurements of particle size |
| US8061185B2 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2011-11-22 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Method for testing a slurry used to form a semiconductor device |
| DE102010041017A1 (de) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrische Anordnung |
| WO2012048275A2 (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2012-04-12 | Caridianbct, Inc. | Configurable methods and systems of growing and harvesting cells in a hollow fiber bioreactor system |
| US9097641B2 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2015-08-04 | OCé PRINTING SYSTEMS GMBH | Method to determine the mass concentration of particles in a dispersion including particles and fluid |
| JP6612227B2 (ja) | 2013-11-16 | 2019-11-27 | テルモ ビーシーティー、インコーポレーテッド | バイオリアクターにおける細胞増殖 |
| EP3122866B1 (en) | 2014-03-25 | 2019-11-20 | Terumo BCT, Inc. | Passive replacement of media |
| JP6830059B2 (ja) | 2014-09-26 | 2021-02-17 | テルモ ビーシーティー、インコーポレーテッド | スケジュール化された細胞フィーディング |
| WO2017004592A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-05 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Cell growth with mechanical stimuli |
| JP7034949B2 (ja) | 2016-05-25 | 2022-03-14 | テルモ ビーシーティー、インコーポレーテッド | 細胞の増殖 |
| US11104874B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2021-08-31 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Coating a bioreactor |
| US11685883B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 | 2023-06-27 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Methods and systems for coating a cell growth surface |
| WO2018049178A1 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Acoustic wave based dendrite prevention for rechargeable batteries |
| US11624046B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-04-11 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Cell expansion |
| CN110612344B (zh) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-09-12 | 泰尔茂比司特公司 | 细胞扩增 |
| JP2019530391A (ja) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-10-17 | トヨタ・モーター・ヨーロッパＴｏｙｏｔａ Ｍｏｔｏｒ Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ | リチウムイオン電池の充電保護のためのシステムおよび方法 |
| GB2619893A (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2023-12-20 | Terumo Bct Inc | Cell capture and expansion |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4485154A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1984-11-27 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Electrically rechargeable anionically active reduction-oxidation electrical storage-supply system |
| US4497208A (en) * | 1983-06-23 | 1985-02-05 | Matec, Inc. | Measurement of electro-kinetic properties of a solution |
| US4552019A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1985-11-12 | Dorr-Oliver, Incorporated | Method and apparatus for measuring a colloidal potential |
| US5439757A (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1995-08-08 | National Power Plc | Electrochemical energy storage and/or power delivery cell with pH control |
| DE69433111T2 (de) * | 1993-06-07 | 2004-07-08 | Colloidal Dynamics Pty. Ltd., Sydney | Messung der teilchengrösse und -ladung in mehrkomponenten-kolloiden |
| US5612148A (en) * | 1994-04-13 | 1997-03-18 | National Power Plc | Process for energy storage and/or power delivery with means for restoring electrolyte balance |
| US5528133A (en) * | 1994-07-21 | 1996-06-18 | Powerpoint Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining the quality of a colloidal suspension |
| US5609998A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1997-03-11 | Eastman Kodak Company | Process for dispersing concentrated aqueous slurries |
-
1999
- 1999-06-07 GB GBGB9913185.6A patent/GB9913185D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-06-07 DK DK00937067T patent/DK1187673T3/da active
- 2000-06-07 CN CN00811278A patent/CN1368901A/zh active Pending
- 2000-06-07 AU AU52358/00A patent/AU5235800A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-07 US US09/980,313 patent/US6617070B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-07 BR BR0011390-5A patent/BR0011390A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-07 PL PL00351870A patent/PL351870A1/xx unknown
- 2000-06-07 DE DE60001655T patent/DE60001655T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-07 CZ CZ20014336A patent/CZ20014336A3/cs unknown
- 2000-06-07 WO PCT/GB2000/002206 patent/WO2000074839A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-07 JP JP2001501363A patent/JP2003501638A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-07 NZ NZ515862A patent/NZ515862A/en unknown
- 2000-06-07 EP EP00937067A patent/EP1187673B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-07 SK SK1750-2001A patent/SK17502001A3/sk unknown
- 2000-06-07 PT PT00937067T patent/PT1187673E/pt unknown
- 2000-06-07 KR KR1020017015715A patent/KR20020035002A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-07 AT AT00937067T patent/ATE234148T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-07 GB GB0013869A patent/GB2350899B/en not_active Revoked
- 2000-06-07 ES ES00937067T patent/ES2194739T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-07 HU HU0201563A patent/HUP0201563A2/hu unknown
- 2000-06-07 CA CA002371067A patent/CA2371067A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-07 IL IL14676300A patent/IL146763A0/xx unknown
-
2001
- 2001-11-28 ZA ZA200109795A patent/ZA200109795B/en unknown
- 2001-12-03 BG BG106166A patent/BG106166A/xx unknown
- 2001-12-03 NO NO20015905A patent/NO20015905L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2350899A (en) | 2000-12-13 |
| GB2350899B (en) | 2002-02-20 |
| KR20020035002A (ko) | 2002-05-09 |
| BG106166A (en) | 2002-06-28 |
| JP2003501638A (ja) | 2003-01-14 |
| CA2371067A1 (en) | 2000-12-14 |
| CZ20014336A3 (cs) | 2002-05-15 |
| US6617070B1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
| AU5235800A (en) | 2000-12-28 |
| NO20015905D0 (no) | 2001-12-03 |
| GB0013869D0 (en) | 2000-08-02 |
| PL351870A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 |
| HUP0201563A2 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
| EP1187673B1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
| IL146763A0 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
| WO2000074839A1 (en) | 2000-12-14 |
| NZ515862A (en) | 2003-05-30 |
| PT1187673E (pt) | 2003-07-31 |
| ATE234148T1 (de) | 2003-03-15 |
| NO20015905L (no) | 2002-01-24 |
| SK17502001A3 (sk) | 2002-03-05 |
| BR0011390A (pt) | 2002-03-05 |
| EP1187673A1 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
| DE60001655T2 (de) | 2003-12-04 |
| DK1187673T3 (da) | 2003-06-30 |
| ES2194739T3 (es) | 2003-12-01 |
| GB9913185D0 (en) | 1999-08-04 |
| DE60001655D1 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
| CN1368901A (zh) | 2002-09-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1187673B1 (en) | Method of detecting the onset of colloid formation in particular sulfur precipitation | |
| Liu et al. | Directional flow-aided sonochemistry yields graphene with tunable defects to provide fundamental insight on sodium metal plating behavior | |
| CN102067256B (zh) | 电化学元件用活性炭以及使用其的电化学元件 | |
| Hertel et al. | Photoionization of Na (NH 3) n and Na (H 2 O) n clusters: A step towards the liquid phase? | |
| KR20080057250A (ko) | 전기 이중층 커패시터용 집전체, 전기 이중층 커패시터용전극, 전기 이중층 커패시터, 및 그들의 제조 방법 | |
| US20210135228A1 (en) | Protective Layers for Metal Electrode Batteries | |
| US9231242B2 (en) | Method for producing non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and method for producing negative electrode paste | |
| JP2023100661A (ja) | スラリーおよびｅｐｄ浴安定剤としての解膠剤およびその使用 | |
| KR20130127447A (ko) | 리튬 이온 커패시터 | |
| CA1125366A (en) | Alkaline-mn02 cell having a zinc powder-gel anode containing methyl cellulose | |
| US20200381736A1 (en) | Defect-free graphene and methods for producing the same | |
| JPWO2019097815A1 (ja) | キャパシタ用電極材料 | |
| Xue et al. | Influence of flexible gelatinous coating layer on electrochemical performance and fatigue failure of lithium battery separator | |
| Nagaoka et al. | Uptake of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions into electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon fibres by flow-through electrolysis | |
| RU2763535C1 (ru) | Способ электрохимического получения наноразмерных пластинок графита | |
| Rahman et al. | Ion transfer of tetraalkylammonium cations at an interface between frozen aqueous solution and 1, 2-dichloroethane | |
| AU2022315147A1 (en) | Saccharide-based binder system for ultra-long life and high capacity lithium-sulfur battery | |
| Zhang et al. | Real-time Characterization of Chemical Structure and Dynamics of Electrical Double Layer at Electrode-electrolyte Interfaces | |
| US6344235B1 (en) | Method of producing an electrode for non-aqueous electrolytic cells | |
| Alcázar et al. | Additives to Increase the Discharge Capacity of the Moving Bed Zn/Air Battery | |
| RU2001132580A (ru) | Способ обнаружения начала образования коллоида при осаждении частиц серы | |
| KR100502530B1 (ko) | 무수 전해질 전지용 전극의 제조방법 | |
| Niklasson et al. | Surface conduction in porous polycarbonate membranes | |
| Wang | Neutron Scattering Study of Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries | |
| Kozawa et al. | ITE-GTP Activator Technology for Chinese Lead-acid Batteries |