ZA200103411B - Soluble fertilizer formulation. - Google Patents
Soluble fertilizer formulation. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200103411B ZA200103411B ZA200103411A ZA200103411A ZA200103411B ZA 200103411 B ZA200103411 B ZA 200103411B ZA 200103411 A ZA200103411 A ZA 200103411A ZA 200103411 A ZA200103411 A ZA 200103411A ZA 200103411 B ZA200103411 B ZA 200103411B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- dry
- fertilizer
- group
- potassium
- Prior art date
Links
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
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- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- ZUFQODAHGAHPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O ZUFQODAHGAHPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004172 pyridoxine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019171 pyridoxine hydrochloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011764 pyridoxine hydrochloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIERGBJEBXXIGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine mononitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N UIERGBJEBXXIGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004860 thiamine mononitrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019191 thiamine mononitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011748 thiamine mononitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000016804 zinc Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 244000299507 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003050 macronutrient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021073 macronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005980 Gibberellic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAIXYKHYOGVFKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Kinetin Natural products N=1C=NC=2N=CNC=2C=1N(C)C1=CC=CO1 FAIXYKHYOGVFKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001559 benzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QANMHLXAZMSUEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N kinetin Chemical compound N=1C=NC=2N=CNC=2C=1NCC1=CC=CO1 QANMHLXAZMSUEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001669 kinetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014666 liquid concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZKQTCBAMSWPJD-UQCOIBPSSA-N trans-Zeatin Natural products OCC(/C)=C\CNC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 UZKQTCBAMSWPJD-UQCOIBPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZKQTCBAMSWPJD-FARCUNLSSA-N trans-zeatin Chemical compound OCC(/C)=C/CNC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 UZKQTCBAMSWPJD-FARCUNLSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940023877 zeatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
] PCT/US00/07939 *
SOLUBLE FERTILIZER FORMULATION
The present inver:ion relates generally to fertilizers for use in stimulating the health and growth of plans.
Fertilizers are adcad to the soil or foliage of crops to supply elements needed for plant nutrition. Typically, ritrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are the principal components of such fertilizers.
Fertilizer formula:ions znd methods are the subject of on-going research, in order to improve the growth stimulating and stress tolerance effect on the plants.
Additionally, there are or-goirz efforts to reduce the amount of fertilizer required for application to plants, in order 12 avoid leaching of nitrogen and phosphate into the groundwater.
Thus, there is a nz2d fer new methods of fertilizer application that supply nutrients in a readily availzble “arm and which can be applied as a foliar product.
Throughout this specication and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, or vanations such as “comprises” or “comprising’, and the word “include”, or variations such as “includes” or “including”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.
The present inver:ion provides a fertilizer which is readily water-soluble and particularly well adapted for foliar application.
In one aspect, the investion provides a dry concentrated fertilizer containing a nitrogen, phosphorous, and perzssium compounds, micronutrients, and a growth enhancing mixture containing zt least two or more components selected from among growth promoters, vitamins, zmino acids, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, and adjuvants.
AMENDED SHEET
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method of promoting crop production. This method involves placing concentrated fertilizer as described herein into a multiplicity spray tank and dissolving or diluting the fertilizer with water for application to crops.
Still other aspects and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the detailed description of the invention.
This invention relates to a fertilizer which improves the effectiveness of various nutrient inputs and enhances the plant’s ability to convert the input to a growth response. The invention further provides a method of adding various materials to a fertilizer to form a mixture that can be added to water when sprayed on the growing crops, thereby stimulating the crop growth response greater than conventional fertilizers. This method of the invention incorporates liquid and dry materials to a base fertilizer mix, as described below, in a manner which promotes solubility and the ability of the plant to better utilize the nutrients present in the fertilizer. In one desirable embodiment, the present invention provides a method for adding liquid to dry components to produce a dry fertilizer mix. Advantageously, the dry fertilizer mix of the invention is capable of handling more liquids than known dry fertilizers before experiencing the effects of hygroscopicity, i.e., clumping. In another embodiment, the invention provides a liquid fertilizer mix having significant advantages in growth enhancing and stress tolerance as compared to conventional fertilizers.
A. Composition of Fertilizer
Suitably, the present invention provides a novel mixture of growth enhancing components together with conventionally recognized macro nutrients (i.e.,
N, P, and K compounds), secondary nutrients (e.g., calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S)), and micro nutrients (e.g., boron (B), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and the like) where applicable. Suitable sources of these macro, secondary and micro nutrients will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art.
. + ‘WO 00/63138 : PCT/US00/07939
The growth enhancing mixture of the invention contains one or more vitamins and/or adjuvants and at least one other component selected from among growth promoters, amino acids, and carbohydrates, including, e.g., polysaccharides.
Generally, the growth enhancing mixture comprises 5% to 10%, oy weight, and more preferably, about 8%, by weight, of the dry concentrated fertilizer, with the remainder being composed of a mixture of macro, secondary, and micro nutrients.
Advantageously, the precise amounts of each of the components of the growth enhancing mixture may be adjusted as needed or desired, taking into consideration the crops in to which they are to be applied, the soil type and conditions, among other factors. Preferably, at least one component from each of the above categories is included in the mixture.
Generally, vitamins are present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight, about 0.01% to 5%, and about 0.01% to about 3%, by weight of the total dry fertilizer composition. Suitable vitamins are readily selected from among niacin, d-Biotin, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, thiamine mononitrate, thiamine hygrochloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, derivatives of these vitamins, and mixtures thereof. These vitamins are preferably obtained in dry form as a pre-mixed package. Alternatively, the vitamins may be supplied individually or as other mixtures, which may be obtained from a variety of other sources. These sources include, without limitation, sources which are conventionally associated with sale of vitamins suitable for human consumption and/or formulation into human vitamins.
Growth promoters are present in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 0.5%, and about 0.0001 to about 0.3%, by weight based on the total weight of the dry fertilizer composition Desirably, these growth promoters and/or precursors thereof may be selected from among cytokinins, purines, gibberellins (including, without limitation, gibberellic acid), auxins, and mixtures thereof. Particularly suitable cytokinins include, without limitation, kinetin, zeatin, and the like. These growth promoters and precursors may be derived from natural sources or synthetic sources. These compounds are available commercially from a variety of sources.
Amino acids are present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight, about 0.01% to about 5%, and about 0.C1 to about 3%, by weight of the total dry fertilizer composition. Useful amino acids include alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, betaines, choline, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, mixtures thereof, derivatives and metabolites of these amino acids, and mixtures thereof.
The growth promoters and amino acids may be obtained individually or as mixtures from a variety of sources which are known in the art. In a particularly desirable embodiment, the growth promoters and amino acids are supplied by seaweed extracts, which may be purchased from commercial sources.
Suitable carbohydrates and polysaccharides are selected from among alginic acid, mannitol, laminarin, succinic acid, sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, dextrose, lactose, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. In one preferred embodiment, the polysaccharides are composed of a mixture of fructose and sucrose, most preferably, which are obtained in dry form. Suitably, the mixture may contain approximately equivalent amounts of the fructose and sucrose. Alternatively, the mixture may contain 55 - 90% fructose, with the remainder being sucrose. Still other mixtures may be readily selected. These carbohydrates and polysacchardes are present in a total amount of about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.01 to about 5%, and about 0.01 to about 3%, by weight of the total dry fertilizer composition.
Adjuvants useful in the dry fertilizer of the invention include alcohol ether sulfates, alcohol sulfates, alkylaryl ether sulfates, alkylaryl sulfonates, carboxylated nonionics, naphthalene, sulfonates, phosphate esters, sulfonic acids, sulfosuccinates, terpenes, alcohol ethers, alkoxylated alkylphenol resins, alkoxylated vegetable oils, esterified seed oils, alkylphenol ethers, block co-polymers, sorbitol and sorbitan alkoxylates, sorbitol and sorbitan esters, alkanolamides, amine ethoxylates, methyl esters of fatty acids, ethyl esters of fatty acids, fatty acid alkyloxalates, and fatty acid resins. Currently, a particularly desirable adjuvant is a terpene. In one desirable embodiment, the terpene is a polymeric form of a- and p-pinene. These ud WO 00/63138 PCT/US00/07939 adjuvants are typically present in an amount which totals about 0.1 to about 10%, by weight, about 0.1 to about 5%, by weight, or about 0.1 to about 3%, by weight of the dry fertilizer composition. Advantageously, the adjuvants used in the composition of the invention increase uptake ofthe fertilizer by the plant to which it ic delivered, thereby decreasing the amount of macro, micro, and secondary nutrients required.
Suitably, the dry fertilizer of the invention contains, in addition to the components of the growth stimulating mixture, macro nutrients including nitrogen, - phosphorus, and potassium compounds. A variety of sources of these components are known. For example, suitable sources of nitrogen compounds include, urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, urea phosphate, and ammonium molybdate, among others. Generally, the dry fertilizer of the invention contains about 10% to about 50%, about 15% to about 40%, or about 20% to about 30%, by weight, total nitrogen containing compounds. Potassium may be readily obtained from, for example, potassium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, or potassium chloride. Generally, potassium compounds total about 10% to about 80%, about 20% to about 60%, or about 30% to about 40%, by weight, of the total dry fertilizer of the invention. Depending upon the sources of potassium and/or nitrogen selected, the required amount of phosphorus for inclusion in the dry fertilizer of the invention may be provided in the form of a potassium phosphate or an ammonium phosphate. However, where desired, other sources of phosphorus may be utilized. Such sources may include, e.g., phosphorous acids and salts thereof, e.g., phosphite. Typically, the dry fertilizer contains about 10% to about 80%, by weight, about 20% to about 60%, or about 30% to about 50%, by weight, total phosphorus-containing compounds.
A variety of sources of conventional secondary and micro nutrients are known. These micronutrients include, for example, magnesium sulfate, calcium nitrate, sodium borate, magnesium nitrate, chelated complexes of copper, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, ammonium or sodium molybdate, and mixtures thereof. Suitably, the total amount of these micronutrients totals about 1% to about
19%, by weight, of the total dry fertilizer of the invention, and most preferably. about 2%, by weight, of the total dry fertilizer.
In addition to the desired nutrients, other additives known in the - fertilizer industry can be added. These include, benzoic acids and derivatives thereof, salicylic acid and derivatives thereof, including, e.g., acetylsalicylic acid. Other additives may include, e.g., wetting-agents, surfactants, spreaders, stickers and the like. Still other suitable additives may be readily selected by one of skill in the art.
The components of the growth stimulating mixture may be separately mixed, and added to a base composed of a previously formulated fertilizer.
Alternatively, the components of the growth stimulating mixture may be added during the preparation of the fertilizer composition of the invention, as described below.
B. Formulation of Fertilizer
The present invention provides in a single dry source, all components required to stimulate plant growth. The fertilizer formulation of the invention provides significant convenience, insofar as it avoids the need to mix dry and liquid nutrients and other additives at the time of application.
Thus, the invention provides a method of preparing a dry, water- soluble, fertilizer useful for foliar application. In one desirable embodiment, the dry components, selected from among those described above, go through a grinding unit and a mixer (typically, 2000 Ib batches are prepared) is charged with the dry ingredients. The liquid components, e.g., the adjuvant, are injected or sprayed into the mixer and blended until a substantially homogenous dry mixture is achieved.
Generally, a suitably mixed blend is obtained in about 5 to about 15 minutes.
However, mixing times may be adjusted as necessary for convenience.
While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the dry polysaccharides (or other carbohydrates) are the component(s) which facilitate the preparation of these dry fertilizer mixtures of the invention. Advantageously, these fertilizer mixtures are capable of remaining in dry form without clumping upon exposure to higher moisture levels than conventional dry fertilizer mixtures. More specifically, it is believed that the polysaccharides and/or other carbohydrates absorb the moisture associated with the liquid components and form a matrix. Thus, it is preferred that the polysaccharide and carbohydrate components be in dry form when added to the mixer. Preferably the vitamins are also provided in dry form. However, as these dry vitamin preparations tend to be hygroscopic, it may be necessary to dissolve any clumps in water and to spray the vitamins in liquid form into the mixer.
Most preferably, the growth promoters and amino acids are provided by seaweed extracts which are purchased in dry or liquid forms.
Although not as desirable, other methods for mixing the components of the fertilizer of the invention will be readily apparent to one of skill in the art.
Alternatively, the fertilizer described herein may be prepared as a liquid concentrate using conventional techniques. : C. Application of Fertilizer
The fertilizer of the invention is particularly well suited to foliar : application but is readily adapted for application by other methods, including, irrigation and soil. Typically, prior to application, the dry fertilizer of the invention is dissolved (or diluted) in water at a ratio of about 1 part fertilizer to about 4 to about 600 parts water, or more. Generally, for foliar application, the fertilizer is administered in an amount ranging from about 3 to about 10 pounds per acre, and most preferably about 5 pounds per acre.
The fertilizer is applied according to crop-specific recommendations which will depend upon the application method, time of application, rate of application, and product formulation. Crops that will benefit from the fertilizer include, but are not limited to, fruit, nuts, citrus, watermelon, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, row crops such as cotton, corn and wheat. as well as other edible, commercial and ornamental plants.
In one currently preferred embodiment, the fertilizer of the invention is applied through the use of a multiplicity spray tank. However, other methods for delivery of the fertilizer will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art.
EER RR————
The following examples iliustrate the effect of two exemplary fertilizers according to the present invention on crop production, in comparison 10 standard fertilizer programs. These examples are not a limitation on the present invention.
Example 1 - Preparation of Exemplary Fertilizers
The following fertilizers were prepared for use in the field trials described below. All fertilizers are commercially available, with the exception of Nutrient
Express 18-18-18 and Nutrient Express 4-41-27, which were prepared in accordance with the present invention. Nutrient Express®, NutriLeaf®, Sol-U-Gro®, Crop
Finisher™ and NutriChem™ are trademarks for crop fertilizers owned by Miller
Chemical & Fertilizer Corporation, Hanover Pennsylvania.
The Nutrient Express 18-18-18 or 4-41-27 formulations were prepared using the components identified below, by grinding the dry ingredients and then blending in a mixer charged with all ingredients, as described above. With respect to the components of the growth enhancing mixture, the growth promoters and amino acids were obtained from seaweed extracts. The vitamin mix, carbohydrate mix and terpene adjuvant were obtained from commercial sources. The micronutrients used in these formulations include boron (0.02%), copper (0.05%), iron (0.1%), manganese (0.05%), molybdenum (.001%), and zinc (0.05%). In certain of the other fertilizers, the micronutrients also included magnesium, which is typically present in an amount of 0.5%. This percentage, as well as the percentages identified above, are based upon the total weight of the fertilizer mixture. After mixing of the dry components, which included the carbohydrate, the liquid components were sprayed directly into the mixer and then blended for about 15 minutes.
. - + WO 00/63138 PCT/US00/07939 redTetProducFormuse
Nutri Sol-U- Crop Nutri Nutrient | Nutrient
Leaf Gro Finisher Chem Express | Express 20-20-20 | 12-48-8 4-2-41 9-15-30 | 18-18-18 | 4-41-27 eam | owe | woo | mown | sso | som at cl
Phosphate
I a Gl
Phosphate [Cue mes [|e [em a ch Oc
Phosphate 0 [rmmomomnime | Joon | 1 mse || mw | [ monmsame ||| mew] egemmerome| || eww epson] | wwe] ||] s
Growth enhancing 8.00% 8.00% mixiure
Example 2 - Field Trial - Watermelons
Location: Metler, California
Crop: Watermelons Tri X313
Treatment 1: Nutrient Express 4-41-27 - 5 1bs./A. - May 15
Nutrient Express 4-41-27 - 5 1bs./A. - June
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - Slbs./A. - June 15
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - Slbs./A. - July 1
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 5lbs./A. - July 15
Treatmeni 2. For purposes of comparison, Sol-U-Gro 12-48-28 was applied at the same rates and application times as described above for Nutrient Express 4-41-27.
Similarly, Nutri Leaf 20-20-20 was applied using the same rates and application times as described for Nutrient Express 18-18-18.
Two pickings of the fertilized crops were made. The total yield, provides in tons per acre (T/A) was as follows.
Picking 1 Picking 2 Total
Nutrient Express 53 T/A 15 T/A 68 T/A
Standard 35 T/A 18 T/A S3IT/A
The Nutrient Express program increases yields by 15 tons per acre or 28% improvement over the Standard program.
Example 3 - Tomatoes
Location: Metler, CA
Crop: Tomatoes (Processing)
The following treatments were applied by spraying, at the rates and times listed below.
Treatment 1: Nutrient Express 4-41-27 - 5 lbs./A. - May 15
Nutrient Express 4-41-27 - 5 lbs./A. - June 1
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 5lbs./A. - June 15
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 5lbs/A. - July 1
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 5lbs./A. - July 15
Treatment 2: As a control, a standard fertilizer program, as described in Example 2, was used.
ag WO 00/63138 PCT/US00/07939
The crop was mechanically harvested one time. The Nutrient Express program yielded 51 tons per acre while the Standard program yielded 39 tons per acre. The Nutrient Express program increases yields 12 tons per acre or 31% over the Standard program.
Example 4 - Peppers
Location: Metler, CA
Crop: Hot Yellow Peppers (Santa Fe)
The following treatments were applied by spraying, at the rates and times listed below.
Treatment 1: Nutrient Express 4-41-27 - 5 lbs./A. - May 15
Nutrient Express 4-41-27 - 5 lbs./A. - June
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - Slbs./A. - June 15
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - Slbs./A. - July 1
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - Slbs./A. - July 15
Treatment 2: A Standard Fertilizer program, as described in Example 2, was used as a control and for comparison.
The peppers from both treatment programs were picked three times. The
Nutrient Express program yielded 19 tons per acre, while the Standard program yielded 15 tons per are. The Nutrient Express program increased 4 tons per acre or 27% over the Standard program.
Example 5 - Cucumbers
Location: Eastern Shore, VA
Crop: Cucumbers (Speedway)
The following treatments weic applied by spraying. at the rates and times listed below.
Treatment 1: Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 51b./A. - 3 to 5 leaf stage
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 51b./A. - 10 to 14 days later
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 51b./A. - 10 to 14 days later
Nutrient Express 4-41-27 - 5 Ib./A. - directly after 1* pick
Nutrient Express 4-41-27 - 5 1b./A. - 7 days after 1* picking
Treatment 2: For comparison, the following standard fertilizer program was followed using the same rates and application times as described for Treatment 1 of this example
Nutri-Leaf 20-20-20 - 5 Ib./A. - 3 to 5 leaf stage
Nutri-Leaf 20-20-20 - 5 Ib./A. - 10 to 14 days later
Nutri-Leaf 20-20-20 - 5 Ib./A_ - 10 to 14 days later
Nutri-Chem 9-15-30 - 5 Ib./A. - directly after 1* pick
Nutri-Chem 9-15-30 - 5 Ib./A. - 7 days after 1" picking
Results: % Yield Fancy Yield Total Yield
Treatment 1* Pick 2™ Pick 3” Pick Bushels/Acre Bushels/Acre
Nutrient
Express (Treatment 1) 20 47 34 349.6 (76%) 460
Standard
Program (Treatment 11) 17 42 36 306 (73%) 328
Treatment I (Nutrient Express) was the highest yielder of fancy fruit and total yield when compared to the Standard program.
. WOU06/63138 PCT/US00/07939
Example 6 - Cotton
Location: Clarksdale, MS
Crop: Cotton
The following treatments were applied by spraying, at the rates and times listed below.
Treatment 1: Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - S Ib./A. - 4 leaf stage
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 5 Ib./A. - Pin Head Square
Nutrient Express 11-41-8 - 5 1b./A. - First Flower
Nutrient Express 11-41-8 - 5 1b./A. - Two weeks later
Crop Finisher 4-2-4] - 51b./A. - Four weeks later
Treatment 2: For comparison, the following standard fertilizer program was followed using the same rates and application times as described for Treatment 1 of this example.
Nutri-Leaf 20-20-20 - 5 Ib./A. - 4 leaf stage
Nutri-Leaf 20-20-20 - 5 1b./A. - Pin Head Square
Sol-U-Gro 12-48-8 - 51b./A. - First Flower
Sol-U-Gro 12-48-8 - 51b./A. - Two weeks later
Crop Finisher 4-2-41- 5 Ib./A. - Four weeks later
The Nutrient Express program yielded 1,263 lbs. per acre of short staple lint while the Standard program yielded 884 Ibs. per acre. The Nutrient
Express program yielded 379 Ibs. per acre of lint more than the Standard program for a 43% increase in lint weight per acre.
ARN TR BY TV re SR,
J AMIIILIIC ! LUuLuinver
Location: Marathona, Greece
Crop: Cucumbers (Dinado)
The following treatments were applied by spraying, at the rates and times listed below.
Treatment 1: Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 5 1b./A. - Sept. 10
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 51b./A. - Sept. 20
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 51b/A. - Sept. 30
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - 5b /A. - Oct. 14
Nutrient Express 18-18-18 - SIb/A - Oct. 31
Treatment 2: For comparison, the following standard fertilizer programs were followed using the same rates and application times as described for Treatment 1 of this example. 29-0-0 - 2 qt./A. - Sept. 10 0-17-22 - 3 gqt./A. - Sept. 20 0-17-22 - 3 gt./A. - Sept. 30 13-0-46 -4 Ib./A. - Oct. 14 13-0-46 - 4 Ib./A. - Oct. 31
Cucumbers were picked 16 times with total yield as indicated.
Yield
Nutrient Express 58,400 (+15.4%)
Standard program 49,400 lbs.
Nutrient Express improved crop production by 15.4 % over the
Standard nutritional program.
i x WO 00/63138 PCT/US00/07939
All publications cited in this specification are incorporated herein by reference herein. While the invention has been described with reference to a particularly preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Such modifications are intended to fail within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
- ~ . ’PCT/US00/07939 Claims 1 A dry concentrated fertilizer comprising about 10% to about 50% by weight of nitrogen compounds, about 10% to about 80% by weight of phosphorus compounds, and about 10% to about 80% by weight of potassium compounds, secondary nutrients, micronutrients, and about 5% to about 10% by weight of a growth enhancing mixture, wherein said growth enhancing mixture comprises vitamins, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of growth promoters, amino acids, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, and adjuvants.
- 2 The dry concentrated fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the growth enhancing mixture comprises about 8%, by weight, of the concentrated fertilizer.
- 3 The dry fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the growth promoters are selected from the group consisting of: cytokinins, purines, gibberellins, and auxins.
- 4 The dry fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the vitamins are selected from the group consisting of niacin, d-Biotin, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, thiamine mononitrate, thiamine hygrochloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, and folic acid.The dry fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the amino acids are selected from the group consisting of: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, betaines, choline, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.AMENDED SHEETCAPCT/US00/079396 The dry fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the carbohydrates and polysaccharides are selected from the group consisting of alginic acid, mannitol, laminarin, succinic acid, sorbitol, fructose, sucrose, dextrose, lactose, and mixtures thereof.7 The dry fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the carbohydrates consist of a mixture of fructose and sucrose.8 The dry fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of alcohol ether sulfates, alcohol sulfates, or alkyl or aryl ether sulfates, alkylaryl sulfonates, carboxylated nonionics, naphtalene, sulfonates, phosphate esters, sulfonic acids, sulfosuccinates, terpenes, alcohol ethers, alkoxylated alkylphenol resins, alkoxylated vegetable oils, esterified seed oils, alkylphenol ethers, block co-polymers, sorbitol and sorbitan alkoxylates, alkanolamides, amine ethoxylates, methyl esters of fatty acids, ethyl esters of fatty acids, fatty acid alkyloxalates, and fatty acid resins.9 The dry fertilizer according to claim 1, comprising about 40% to about 80%, by weight, of a potassium salt.The dry fertilizer according to claim 9, wherein the potassium salt is at least on member selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and potassium chloride.11 The dry fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen compounds are at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, urea phosphate, and ammonium molybdate.AMENDED SHEETA .PCT/US00/0793912 The dry fertilizer according to claim 1, comprising about 10% to about 50%, by weight, of a phosphorus compound.13 The dry fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the phosphorus compounds are selected from the group consisting of a potassium phosphate, an ammonium phosphate, and phosphorous acids and salts thereof14 The dry fertilizer according to claim 1, further comprising one or more micronutrients selected from the group consisting of: magnesium sulfate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, chelated complex of copper, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, sodium borate, and ammonium or sodium molybdate.The dry fertilizer according to claim 14, comprising about 2%, by weight, of one or more micronutrients.16 The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein said growth enhancing mixture further comprises salicylic acid and derivatives thereof.17 The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein said growth enhancing mixture further comprises benzoic acid and derivatives thereof.18 A method of promoting crop production, said method comprising the steps of: placing dry concentrated fertilizer according to claim 1 into a multiplicity spray tank and dissolving the fertilizer with water to obtain liquid fertilizer mixture; and spraying crops with the liquid fertilizer mixture.AMENDED SHEETNy . :PCT/US00/0793919 The method according to claim 18, wherein the dry fertilizer is dissolved with water at a ratio of about 1 part fertilizer to about 4 to about 600 parts water.A method of preparing a dry, water-soluble, fertilizer useful for foliar application, said method comprising the steps of: adding about 5% to about 10% by weight of a growth enhancing mixture to a dry base fertilizer mix comprising about 10% to about 50% by weight of nitrogen compounds, about 10% to about 80% by weight of phosphorus compounds and about 10% to about 80% by weight of potassium compounds, wherein said growth enhancing mixture comprises vitamins, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of growth promoters, amino acids, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, and adjuvants.21 A dry concentrated fertilizer comprising about 10% by weight of urea, about 80% by weight of monopotassium phosphate, about 2% by weight of micronutrients, and about 8% by weight of a growth enhancing mixture, wherein said growth enhancing mixture comprises vitamins, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of growth promoters, amino acids, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, and adjuvants.22 A dry concentrated fertilizer comprising about 40% by weight of potassium nitrate, about 20% by weight of monoammonium phosphate, about 12.50% by weight of diammonium phosphate, about 17.50% by weight of urea, about 2% by weight of micronutrients, and about 8% by weight of a growth enhancing mixture, wherein said growth enhancing mixture comprises vitamins, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of growth promoters, amino acids, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, and adjuvants.AMENDED SHEETLg 0 PCT/US00/07939 23 A dry concentrated fertilizer consisting of potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, about 2% by weight of micronutrients, and about 8% by weight of a growth enhancing mixture, wherein said growth enhancing mixture comprises vitamins, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of growth promoters, amino acids,carbohydrates, polysaccharides, and adjuvants.24 A dry concentrated fertilizer comprising about 30% by weight of potassium nitrate, about 20% by weight of monoammonium phosphate, about 40% by weight of potassium sulfate, about 2% by weight of micronutrients, and about 8% by weight of a growth enhancing mixture, wherein said growth enhancing mixture comprises vitamins, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of growth promoters, amino acids, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, and adjuvants.AMENDED SHEET
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US12990299P | 1999-04-16 | 1999-04-16 |
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ZA200103411A ZA200103411B (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2001-04-26 | Soluble fertilizer formulation. |
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ZA (1) | ZA200103411B (en) |
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