WO2025209082A1 - 二次电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

二次电池及用电设备

Info

Publication number
WO2025209082A1
WO2025209082A1 PCT/CN2025/080306 CN2025080306W WO2025209082A1 WO 2025209082 A1 WO2025209082 A1 WO 2025209082A1 CN 2025080306 W CN2025080306 W CN 2025080306W WO 2025209082 A1 WO2025209082 A1 WO 2025209082A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positive electrode
secondary battery
adhesive tape
adhesive
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/080306
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毛停停
刘奥
武锐涛
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd filed Critical Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Publication of WO2025209082A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025209082A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • C09J7/21Paper; Textile fabrics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/536Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a secondary battery and an electrical device.
  • the present application provides a secondary battery and an electrical device, which can increase the discharge capacity of the secondary battery.
  • the present application provides a secondary battery comprising a positive electrode sheet, a positive electrode tab, and adhesive tape, wherein the positive electrode sheet comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on a surface of the positive electrode current collector along a thickness direction thereof, wherein the positive electrode active material layer is provided with a groove, and the positive electrode current collector comprises a first region, wherein the first region is exposed in the groove;
  • the projected area of the substrate layer is S1
  • the overlapping area of the projection of the adhesive layer and the projection of the substrate layer is S2, satisfying 20% ⁇ S2/S1 ⁇ 45%.
  • S2/S1 is greater than or equal to 20%
  • the area of the adhesive layer can be larger, so that the bonding force between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode sheet is stronger, and the insulation reliability of the adhesive tape to the positive electrode tab is higher, which can reduce the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery
  • S2/S1 is less than or equal to 45%
  • the area of the adhesive layer is smaller, which can reduce the impedance of the adhesive tape, thereby reducing the possibility of lithium deposition or purple spots in the secondary battery, and can make the dynamic performance of the secondary battery better, and can make the area of the positive electrode active material layer blocked by the adhesive layer smaller, so that more metal cations can pass through the adhesive tape, thereby improving the discharge capacity of the secondary battery.
  • the width of the bonding portion along the second direction can be larger, the bonding strength between the bonding portion and the positive electrode sheet can be higher, the insulation reliability of the adhesive tape to the positive electrode tab can be higher, and the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery can be reduced;
  • W is less than or equal to 2 mm, the width of the bonding portion along the second direction can be smaller, the impedance of the adhesive tape can be reduced, thereby reducing the possibility of lithium deposition or purple spots in the secondary battery, and the kinetic performance of the secondary battery can be better, and the area of the positive electrode active material layer blocked by the bonding portion can be smaller, so that more metal cations can pass through the adhesive tape, thereby increasing the discharge capacity of the secondary battery.
  • the spacing distance between two adjacent bonding parts along the second direction is larger, which can reduce the impedance of the adhesive paper, thereby reducing the possibility of lithium deposition or purple spots in the secondary battery, and can make the secondary battery have better dynamic performance, and can allow more metal cations to pass through the adhesive paper, thereby increasing the discharge capacity of the secondary battery;
  • G1 is less than or equal to 5 mm, there can be more space on the substrate layer for setting the bonding part, the bonding strength between the adhesive layer and the positive electrode sheet is higher, the insulation reliability of the adhesive paper to the positive electrode ear is higher, and the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery can be reduced.
  • the multiple adhesive parts are arranged in an array, which can make the adhesive force between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode sheet more evenly distributed, thereby making the adhesive strength between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode sheet higher, and the insulation reliability of the adhesive tape to the positive electrode tab is higher, which can reduce the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery.
  • the area of the bonding portion can be larger, the bonding strength between the bonding portion and the positive electrode sheet can be higher, the insulation reliability of the adhesive tape to the positive electrode tab can be higher, and the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery can be reduced;
  • the area of the bonding portion can be smaller, the impedance of the adhesive tape can be reduced, thereby reducing the possibility of lithium deposition or purple spots in the secondary battery, and the kinetic performance of the secondary battery can be better, and the area of the positive electrode active material layer blocked by the bonding portion is smaller, which can allow more metal cations to pass through the adhesive tape, thereby increasing the discharge capacity of the secondary battery.
  • G3 and G4 are less than or equal to 7mm, there can be more space on the substrate layer for setting the bonding part, the bonding strength between the adhesive layer and the positive electrode sheet is higher, and the insulation reliability of the adhesive tape to the positive electrode tab is higher, which can reduce the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery.
  • the bonding layer at least partially overlaps with the projection of the positive electrode tab.
  • the projection of the adhesive layer and the positive electrode tab at least partially overlaps, so that at least part of the adhesive layer can be attached to the positive electrode tab, so that the bonding strength between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode tab is high, the insulation reliability of the adhesive tape to the positive electrode tab is high, and the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery can be reduced.
  • the overlapping area of the projection of the positive electrode tab and the positive electrode sheet is S3, and the overlapping area of the projection of the adhesive layer and the positive electrode tab is S4, satisfying 40% ⁇ S4/S3 ⁇ 100%.
  • the bonding force between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode plate is F, which satisfies 30 N/m ⁇ F ⁇ 140 N/m.
  • the bonding force F between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode sheet when the bonding force F between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode sheet is greater than or equal to 30 N/m, the bonding force between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode sheet can be stronger, the insulation reliability of the adhesive tape to the positive electrode tab is higher, and the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery can be reduced; because the bonding force F between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode sheet is positively correlated with the area and thickness of the adhesive layer, when the bonding force F between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode sheet is less than or equal to 140 N/m, the area and/or thickness of the adhesive layer can be smaller, reducing the space occupied by the adhesive layer, thereby reducing the impact on the discharge capacity of the secondary battery.
  • the thickness of the substrate layer is H1, satisfying 6 ⁇ m ⁇ H1 ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
  • the burrs of the positive electrode tab are not easy to pass through the adhesive tape and contact the negative electrode plate, thereby reducing the possibility of short circuit of the secondary battery;
  • the thickness H1 of the substrate layer is less than or equal to 20 ⁇ m, the impedance of the adhesive tape can be reduced, thereby reducing the possibility of lithium deposition or purple spots in the secondary battery, and the dynamic performance of the secondary battery can be better, and the size of the adhesive tape in the thickness direction of the positive electrode current collector can be smaller, so that the impact on the discharge capacity of the secondary battery is smaller.
  • the substrate layer is made of at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, microporous polyolefin, cellulose membrane, and non-woven fabric, so that the substrate layer has pores and the porosity can reach 30% to 60%.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer is H2, satisfying 3 ⁇ m ⁇ H2 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the secondary battery as described above, wherein the secondary battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a secondary battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of adhesive tape for secondary batteries provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application provides a secondary battery, including a positive electrode sheet, a positive electrode tab and adhesive tape, the positive electrode sheet including a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer arranged on the surface of the positive electrode collector along the thickness direction thereof, the positive electrode active material layer being provided with a groove, the positive electrode collector including a first region, the first region being exposed in the groove; at least a portion of the positive electrode tab being arranged in the groove and connected to the first region; the adhesive tape being attached to the positive electrode active material layer and covering the groove and the positive electrode tab, the adhesive tape including a substrate layer and an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer being arranged on the surface of the substrate layer facing the positive electrode tab, the substrate layer having pores allowing metal cations to pass through, the porosity of the substrate layer being ⁇ , satisfying 30% ⁇ 60%; along the thickness direction of the positive electrode collector, the projected area of the substrate layer is S1, the overlapping area of the projection of the adhesive layer and the projection of the substrate layer is S2,
  • a secondary battery of this structure when the porosity ⁇ of the substrate layer is 30%-60%, metal cations can pass through the substrate layer, thereby allowing the portion of the positive electrode active material layer covered by the adhesive tape to absorb and release metal cations, thereby increasing the effective area of the positive electrode active material layer, thereby improving the discharge capacity of the secondary battery, and reducing the possibility of deformation of the adhesive tape during the secondary battery preparation process.
  • the shrinkage rate of the adhesive tape at high temperatures is also low, thereby improving the high-temperature short circuit performance of the secondary battery and thereby improving the safety performance of the secondary battery.
  • the projected area of the substrate layer is S1
  • the overlapping area of the projection of the adhesive layer and the projection of the substrate layer is S2, satisfying 20% ⁇ S2/S1 ⁇ 45%.
  • the secondary battery in the embodiment of the present application can be a lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, etc., and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the secondary battery can be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or other shapes, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device that uses a secondary battery as a power source.
  • the electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, an electric vehicle, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a secondary battery provided in some embodiments of the present application from one perspective;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a partial structure of a secondary battery provided in some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a secondary battery provided in some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a secondary battery provided in some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a partial structure of a secondary battery provided in some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the adhesive tape of the secondary battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present embodiment provides a secondary battery 10, comprising a positive electrode sheet 100, a positive electrode tab 200, and adhesive tape 300.
  • the positive electrode sheet 100 comprises a positive electrode current collector 110 and a positive electrode active material layer 120 disposed on a surface of the positive electrode current collector 110 along its thickness direction.
  • the positive electrode active material layer 120 is provided with a groove 121.
  • the positive electrode current collector 110 comprises a first region, which is exposed in the groove 121. At least a portion of the positive electrode tab 200 is disposed in the groove 121 and is connected to the first region.
  • the adhesive tape 300 is adhered to the positive electrode active material layer 120 and covers the groove 121 and the positive electrode tab 200.
  • the adhesive tape 300 includes a substrate layer 310 and an adhesive layer 320.
  • the adhesive layer 320 is disposed on the surface of the substrate layer 310 facing the positive electrode tab 200.
  • the substrate layer 310 has pores that allow metal cations to pass through.
  • the porosity of the substrate layer 310 is ⁇ , which satisfies 30% ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 60%.
  • can be 30%, 45%, or 60%.
  • the porosity ⁇ of the substrate layer 310 satisfy 30% ⁇ 60%, when the porosity ⁇ of the substrate layer 310 is greater than or equal to 30%, the metal cations can pass through the substrate layer 310, so that the portion of the positive electrode active material layer 120 covered by the adhesive tape 300 can also absorb and release the metal cations, making the effective area of the positive electrode active material layer 120 larger, and improving the discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10; when the porosity ⁇ of the substrate layer 310 is less than or equal to 60%, the possibility of deformation of the adhesive tape 300 during the preparation process of the secondary battery 10 can be reduced, and the shrinkage rate of the adhesive tape 300 at high temperature can be lowered, which can improve the secondary battery.
  • the metal cations can pass through the substrate layer 310, so that the part of the positive electrode active material layer 120 covered by the adhesive tape 300 can also realize the absorption and release of metal cations, making the effective area of the positive electrode active material layer 120 larger, which can increase the discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10, and reduce the possibility of deformation of the adhesive tape 300 during the preparation process of the secondary battery 10, and can make the shrinkage rate of the adhesive tape 300 at high temperature lower, which can improve the high temperature external short performance of the secondary battery, and thus improve the safety performance of the secondary battery.
  • the projected area of the substrate layer 310 is S1
  • the overlapping area of the projection of the adhesive layer 320 and the projection of the substrate layer 310 is S2, satisfying 20% ⁇ S2/S1 ⁇ 45%.
  • S2/S1 can be 20%, 30%, or 45%.
  • the area of the adhesive layer 320 can be larger, so that the bonding force between the adhesive tape 300 and the positive electrode sheet 100 is stronger, and the insulation reliability of the adhesive tape 300 to the positive electrode tab 200 is higher, which can reduce the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery 10; when S2/S1 is less than or equal to 45%, the area of the adhesive layer 320 is smaller, which can reduce the impedance of the adhesive tape 300, thereby reducing the possibility of lithium deposition or purple spots in the secondary battery 10, and can make the dynamic performance of the secondary battery 10 better, and make the area of the positive electrode active material layer 120 blocked by the adhesive layer 320 smaller, so that more metal cations can pass through the adhesive tape 300.
  • S2/S1 can be 25%, 30%, or 35%.
  • the area of the adhesive layer 320 can be further increased, thereby making the bonding force between the adhesive tape 300 and the positive electrode sheet 100 stronger, and the insulation reliability of the adhesive tape 300 to the positive electrode tab 200 higher, which can reduce the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery 10; when S2/S1 is less than or equal to 35%, the area of the adhesive layer 320 can be further decreased, which can reduce the impedance of the adhesive tape 300, thereby reducing the possibility of lithium deposition or purple spots in the secondary battery 10, and making the dynamic performance of the secondary battery 10 better, and making the area of the positive electrode active material layer 120 blocked by the adhesive layer 320 smaller, which can allow more metal cations to pass through the adhesive tape 320.
  • the adhesive layer 320 includes a plurality of adhesive portions 321 , and the plurality of adhesive portions 321 are spaced apart from each other.
  • the adhesive layer 320 include multiple adhesive parts 321, and the multiple adhesive parts 321 are arranged at intervals from each other, the adhesive force distribution between the adhesive paper 300 and the positive electrode sheet 100 can be made more uniform, thereby making the adhesive strength between the adhesive paper 300 and the positive electrode sheet 100 higher.
  • the insulation reliability of the adhesive paper 300 to the positive electrode tab 200 is higher, which can reduce the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery 10.
  • the area of the adhesive layer 320 can be controlled by adjusting the area of each adhesive part 321.
  • the bonding portion 321 is linear and extends along a first direction Y. Multiple bonding portions 321 are spaced apart along a second direction Z. The first direction Y, the second direction Z, and the thickness direction X of the positive electrode current collector are perpendicular to each other.
  • the width of the adhesive portion 321 along the second direction Z is W, which satisfies 1 mm ⁇ W ⁇ 2 mm.
  • W can be 1 mm, 1.5 mm, or 2 mm.
  • the width of the adhesive portion 321 along the second direction Z can be larger, the bonding strength between the adhesive portion 321 and the positive electrode sheet 100 is higher, the insulation reliability of the adhesive tape 300 to the positive electrode tab 200 is higher, and the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery 10 can be reduced;
  • W is less than or equal to 2 mm, the width of the adhesive portion 321 along the second direction Z can be smaller, the impedance of the adhesive tape 300 can be reduced, and the possibility of lithium deposition or purple spots in the secondary battery 10 can be reduced, and the dynamic performance of the secondary battery 10 can be better, and the area of the positive electrode active material layer 120 blocked by the adhesive portion 321 is smaller, which can More metal cations can pass through the adhesive tape 300, thereby improving the discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10; therefore, when W is 1mm-2mm, it can not only make the bonding strength between the adhesive portion 321 and the positive electrode sheet 100 higher, but also make the insulation reliability of the adhesive tape 300 to the positive electrode tab 200 higher,
  • the distance between two adjacent adhesive portions 321 along the second direction Z is G1, which satisfies 3mm ⁇ G1 ⁇ 5mm.
  • G1 can be 3mm, 4mm, or 5mm.
  • the impedance of the adhesive tape 300 can be reduced, thereby reducing the possibility of lithium deposition or purple spots in the secondary battery 10, and the dynamic performance of the secondary battery 10 can be improved.
  • the spacing between two adjacent adhesive portions 321 along the second direction Z can be larger, which can allow more metal cations to pass through the adhesive tape 300, thereby improving the discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10.
  • G1 is less than or equal to 5 mm, more space can be left on the substrate layer 310 for arranging the adhesive portion 321, and the bonding strength between the adhesive layer 320 and the positive electrode sheet 100 is higher, and the adhesive tape 300 has a better bond to the positive electrode tab 2.
  • the 00 has a higher insulation reliability, which can reduce the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery 10; therefore, when G1 is 3mm-5mm, it can reduce the impedance of the tape 300, thereby reducing the possibility of lithium deposition or purple spots in the secondary battery 10, and can make the dynamic performance of the secondary battery 10 better, and can make more metal cations pass through the tape 300, thereby increasing the discharge capacity of the secondary battery 10, and can make the bonding strength between the adhesive layer 320 and the positive electrode sheet 100 higher, and the insulation reliability of the tape 300 to the positive electrode tab 200 is higher, which can reduce the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery 10.
  • the plurality of adhesive portions 321 are arranged in an array.
  • the adhesive force between the adhesive tape 300 and the positive electrode sheet 100 can be distributed more evenly, thereby increasing the adhesive strength between the adhesive tape 300 and the positive electrode sheet 100.
  • the adhesive tape 300 has a higher insulation reliability for the positive electrode tab 200, which can reduce the possibility of thermal runaway of the secondary battery 10.
  • the projection in the direction X of the positive electrode collector is circular, and the spacing distances between the multiple bonding parts are different; H2 is the thickness of the bonding layer; "bonding part spacing” is the spacing distance between two adjacent bonding parts; S3 is the overlapping area of the projection of the positive electrode tab and the positive electrode sheet along the thickness direction X of the positive electrode collector; S4 is the overlapping area of the projection of the bonding layer and the positive electrode tab along the thickness direction X of the positive electrode collector; F is the bonding force between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode sheet; R is the buckle resistance value of the secondary battery.
  • the preparation method of the secondary battery is as follows:
  • An adhesive (the adhesive can be polyacrylate, polyolefin, acrylate, polyacrylic acid, etc., and polymethyl acrylate is used in this application) is applied to one side of the polypropylene substrate layer using a micro-gravure plate. A release agent is applied to the other side of the substrate layer. After winding, the adhesive tape is divided into strips to prepare an adhesive tape roll with an adhesive layer on the surface. The adhesive tape is cut and attached to the positive electrode active material layer so that the adhesive tape covers the groove and the positive electrode tab.
  • the test method for the ratio S4/S3 of the area of the bonding layer to the area S3 of the tab on the pole piece is:
  • the method for testing the adhesion between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode is:
  • the force, displacement and other data of the tensile testing machine are reset to zero, and the sample is tested again at a test speed of 50 mm/min.
  • the stretching length of the tensile testing machine is 40 mm, the tensile force is recorded as the bonding force between the adhesive tape and the positive electrode sheet.
  • the test method for high temperature external short circuit performance of secondary batteries is:
  • the detection method of the buckle resistance value of the secondary battery is:
  • the secondary battery sample was allowed to stand for 5 minutes; the secondary battery sample was charged to 4.5V at a constant voltage of 0.5C, and then the secondary battery sample was charged to 4.5V at a constant current of 0.1C, and allowed to stand for 10 minutes; the secondary battery sample was discharged to 3V at a constant voltage of 0.5C;
  • the shape of the bonding portion is an ordered point shape (for example, circular bonding portions arranged in a matrix)
  • the smaller the size of the bonding portion the smaller the buckling resistance value of the secondary battery, and the better the dynamic performance of the secondary battery.
  • the shape of the bonding portion is an ordered point shape (for example, circular bonding portions arranged in a matrix)
  • the larger the spacing between the bonding portions the smaller the buckling resistance value of the secondary battery, and the better the dynamic performance of the secondary battery.
  • the shape of the bonding portion is disordered dots (for example, irregularly arranged circular bonding portions)
  • the larger the spacing between the bonding portions the smaller the buckling resistance value of the secondary battery, and the better the dynamic performance of the secondary battery.
  • the substrate layer made of PP (polypropylene) material has a smaller buckling resistance value of the secondary battery and better dynamic performance of the secondary battery; secondly, the substrate layer made of cellulose film and PE (polyethylene) material has a relatively small buckling resistance value of the secondary battery and relatively good dynamic performance of the secondary battery.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the secondary battery 10 provided in any of the above embodiments, and the secondary battery 10 is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the electric device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the secondary battery 10 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种二次电池及用电设备,该二次电池包括正极极片、正极极耳以及胶纸,正极极片设置有凹槽,正极极耳与正极极片连接;胶纸贴附于正极极片且覆盖凹槽和正极极耳,胶纸包括基材层和粘接层,基材层具有允许金属阳离子通过的孔隙,基材层的孔隙率为φ,满足30%≤φ≤60%;沿正极集流体的厚度方向,基材层的投影面积为S1,粘接层的投影与基材层的投影的重叠面积为S2,满足20%≤S2/S1≤45%。能够使得胶纸的阻抗较小,从而减小二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,并且金属阳离子能够穿过胶纸,从而能够提高二次电池的放电容量。

Description

二次电池及用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2024年03月31日提交的名称为“二次电池及用电设备”中国专利申请CN202410383519.6的优先权,该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种二次电池及用电设备。
背景技术
随着电子信息技术的飞速发展,各种电子设备也朝着智能化和多功能化的方向发展,对电池的放电容量要求也越来越高。因此,如何提高电池的放电容量成为电池领域亟待解决的问题。。
发明内容
本申请提供一种二次电池及用电设备,能够提高二次电池的放电容量。
第一方面,本申请提供一种二次电池,包括正极极片、正极极耳以及胶纸,正极极片包括正极集流体及设置于所述正极集流体沿其厚度方向的表面的正极活性物质层,所述正极活性物质层设置有凹槽,所述正极集流体包括第一区域,所述第一区域裸露于所述凹槽;
正极极耳的至少部分设置于所述凹槽,且与所述第一区域连接;
胶纸贴附于所述正极活性物质层且覆盖所述凹槽和所述正极极耳,所述胶纸包括基材层和粘接层,所述粘接层设置于所述基材层朝向所述正极极耳的一侧的表面,所述基材层具有允许金属阳离子通过的孔隙,所述基材层的孔隙率为φ,满足30%≤φ≤60%;
沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向,所述基材层的投影面积为S1,所述粘接层的投影与所述基材层的投影的重叠面积为S2,满足20%≤S2/S1≤45%。
在上述技术方案中,基材层的孔隙率φ满足30%≤φ≤60%,当基材层的孔隙率φ大于或等于30%,使得金属阳离子能够穿过基材层,从而使得正极活性物质层被胶纸覆盖的部分也能够实现金属阳离子的吸收和释放,使得正极活性物质层的有效面积更大,能够提高二次电池的放电容量;当基材层的孔隙率φ小于或等于60%,能够减小胶纸在二次电池的制备过程中变形的可能性,且能够使得在高温下的胶纸的收缩率较低,能够改善二次电池的高温外短性能,进而提高二次电池的安全性能。
沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向,所述基材层的投影面积为S1,所述粘接层的投影与所述基材层的投影的重叠面积为S2,满足20%≤S2/S1≤45%,当S2/S1大于或等于20%时,能够使得粘接层的面积较大,从而使得胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力较强,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性;当S2/S1小于或等于45%时,粘接层的面积较小,能够减小胶纸的阻抗,从而减小二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得正极活性物质层被粘接层遮挡的面积较小,能够使得更多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸,从而能够提高二次电池的放电容量。
在本申请的一些实施例中,25%≤S2/S1≤35%。当S2/S1大于或等于25%时,能够进一步使得粘接层的面积较大,从而使得胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力较强,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性;当S2/S1小于或等于35%时,能够进一步使得粘接层的面积较小,能够减小胶纸的阻抗,从而减小二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得正极活性物质层被粘接层遮挡的面积较小,能够使得更多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸,从而能够提高二次电池的放电容量。
在本申请的一些实施例中,所述粘接层包括多个粘接部,多个所述粘接部相互间隔设置。
在上述技术方案中,所述粘接层包括多个粘接部,多个所述粘接部相互间隔设置,能够使得胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力分布更加均匀,进而使得胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接强度更高,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性,可以通过调节各粘接部的面积来控制粘接层的面积。
在本申请的一些实施例中,所述粘接部为直线形,所述粘接部沿第一方向延伸,多个所述粘接部沿第二方向间隔设置;所述第一方向、所述第二方向、所述正极集流体的厚度方向两两垂直。
在上述技术方案中,粘接部为直线形,所述粘接部沿第一方向延伸,多个所述粘接部沿第二方向间隔设置;所述第一方向、所述第二方向、所述正极集流体的厚度方向两两垂直,能够使得胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性。
在本申请的一些实施例中,所述粘接部沿所述第二方向的宽度为W,满足1mm≤W≤2mm;相邻两个所述粘接部沿所述第二方向的间隔距离为G1,满足3mm≤G1≤5mm。
在上述技术方案中,当W大于或等于1mm,能够使得粘接部沿第二方向的宽度较大,粘接部与正极极片之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性;当W小于或等于2mm,能够使得粘接部沿第二方向的宽度较小,能够减小胶纸的阻抗,从而减小二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得正极活性物质层被粘接部遮挡的面积较小,能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸,从而能够提高二次电池的放电容量。
当G1大于或等于3mm,使得相邻两个所述粘接部沿所述第二方向的间隔距离较大,能够减小胶纸的阻抗,从而减小二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸,从而能够提高二次电池的放电容量;当G1小于或等于5mm,能够使得基材层上有更多空间用于设置粘接部,粘接层与正极极片之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性。
在本申请的一些实施例中,多个所述粘接部呈阵列排布,所述粘接部沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向的投影的外接圆的直径为D,满足2.5mm≤D≤3.5mm;相邻两个所述粘接部的间隔距离为G2,满足2mm≤G2≤3mm。
在上述技术方案中,多个所述粘接部呈阵列排布,能够使得胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力分布更加均匀,进而使得胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接强度更高,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性。
当D大于或等于2.5mm,能够使得粘接部的面积较大,粘接部与正极极片之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性;当D小于或等于3.5mm,能够使得粘接部的面积较小,能够减小胶纸的阻抗,从而减小二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,并且正极活性物质层被粘接部遮挡的面积较小,能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸,从而能够提高二次电池的放电容量。
当G2大于或等于2mm,能够使得相邻两个所述粘接部沿所述第二方向的间隔距离较大,能够减小胶纸的阻抗,从而减小二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸,从而能够提高二次电池的放电容量;当G2小于或等于3mm,能够使得基材层上有更多空间用于设置粘接部,粘接层与正极极片之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性。
在本申请的一些实施例中,相邻两个所述粘接部之间的最大间隔距离为G3,最小间隔距离为G4,满足1mm≤G4<G3≤7mm。
在上述技术方案中,G4<G3,即多个粘接部呈不均匀分布,能够使得粘接部的制备难度较低。当G3、G4大于或等于1mm,能够使得相邻两个所述粘接部之间的最大间隔距离较大,能够减小胶纸的阻抗,从而减小二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸,从而能够提高二次电池的放电容量;当G3、G4小于或等于7mm,能够使得基材层上有更多空间用于设置粘接部,粘接层与正极极片之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性。
在本申请的一些实施例中,沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向,所述粘接层与所述正极极耳的投影至少部分重叠。
在上述技术方案中,沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向,所述粘接层与所述正极极耳的投影至少部分重叠,能够使得粘接层的至少部分能够贴附于正极极耳,使得胶纸与正极极耳之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性。
在本申请的一些实施例中,沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向,所述正极极耳与所述正极极片的投影的重叠面积为S3,所述粘接层与所述正极极耳的投影的重叠面积为S4,满足40%≤S4/S3≤100%。
在上述技术方案中,40%≤S4/S3≤100%,能够使得粘接层与正极极耳的投影的重叠面积较大,进而使得胶纸与正极极耳的粘接面积较大,胶纸与正极极耳的之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性。
在本申请的一些实施例中,所述胶纸与所述正极极片之间的粘接力为F,满足30N/m≤F≤140N/m。
在上述技术方案中,当胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力F大于或等于30N/m,能够使得胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力较强,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性;由于胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力F与粘接层的面积和厚度呈正向关系,当胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力F小于或等于140N/m,能够使得粘接层的面积和/或厚度较小,减小粘接层占用的空间,从而使得对二次电池的放电容量的影响较小。
在本申请的一些实施例中,所述基材层的厚度为H1,满足6μm≤H1≤20μm。
在上述技术方案中,当基材层的厚度H1大于或等于6μm,能够使得正极极耳的毛刺不易穿过胶纸而与负极极片接触,减小二次电池短路的可能性;当基材层的厚度H1小于或等于20μm,能够减小胶纸的阻抗,从而减小二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得胶纸在正极集流体的厚度方向上的尺寸较小,使得对二次电池的放电容量的影响较小。
在本申请的一些实施例中,8μm≤H1≤12μm。
在上述技术方案中,当基材层的厚度H1大于或等于8μm,能够进一步使得正极极耳的毛刺不易穿过胶纸而与负极极片接触,减小二次电池短路的可能性;当基材层的厚度H1小于或等于12μm,能够进一步减小胶纸的阻抗,从而减小二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,并且能够进一步使得胶纸在正极集流体的厚度方向上的尺寸较小,使得对二次电池的放电容量的影响较小。
在本申请的一些实施例中,所述基材层为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯、微孔聚烯烃、纤维素膜、无纺布中的至少一者制成。
在上述技术方案中,基材层为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯、微孔聚烯烃、纤维素膜、无纺布中的至少一者制成,使得基材层具有孔隙,且孔隙率能够达到30%至60%。
在本申请的一些实施例中,所述粘接层的厚度为H2,满足3μm≤H2≤5μm。
在上述技术方案中,当粘接层的厚度H2大于或等于3μm,能够使得胶纸的粘接力较强,胶纸不易脱落,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性更高,并且正极极耳的毛刺不易穿过胶纸而与负极极片接触,减小二次电池短路的可能性;当粘接层的厚度H2小于或等于5μm,能够减小胶纸的阻抗,从而减小二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得胶纸在正极集流体的厚度方向上的尺寸较小,使得对二次电池的放电容量的影响较小。
在本申请的一些实施例中,所述粘接层为聚丙烯酸酯、聚烯烃、丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物中的至少一者制成。
在上述技术方案中,粘接层为聚丙烯酸酯、聚烯烃、丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物中的至少一者制成,能够使得粘接层的粘接力较强。
第二方面,本申请提供一种用电设备,包括如上述的二次电池,所述二次电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的一个视角的结构示意图;
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的部分结构的剖视示意图;
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的部分结构的示意图;
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的部分结构的示意图;
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的部分结构的剖视示意图;
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的胶纸的结构示意图;
图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的二次电池的胶纸的结构示意图;
图8为本申请另一些实施例提供的二次电池的胶纸的结构示意图;
图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的二次电池的部分结构的示意图。
图标:10-二次电池;100-正极极片;110-正极集流体;111-基层;112-导电层;120-正极活性物质层;121-凹槽;200-正极极耳;300-胶纸;310-基材层;320-粘接层;321-粘接部;400-负极极片;500-负极极耳;600-隔膜;700-外壳;X-正极集流体的厚度方向;Y-第一方向;Z-第二方向。
具体实施例方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义,本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同;在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本申请;本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象,而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着,结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例,也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的实施例中,相同的附图标记表示相同的部件,并且为了简洁,在不同实施例中,省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解,附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸,以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明,而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
随着新能源行业的发展,电池逐步朝着高放电容量方向发展。在二次电池的电极组件中,为了安装极耳,需要在极片上除去部分活性物质层漏出集流体以形成凹槽,以使得极片的集流体的部分裸露于凹槽,以使得容置于凹槽的极耳能够与集流体电连接。并且为了减小正极极片与负极极片短路的可能性,需要在活性物质层上设置胶纸,以覆盖极耳和凹槽。活性物质层被胶纸遮挡的部分无法吸收和释放金属离子,会减小二次电池的放电容量。
为了提高电化学装置的放电容量,本申请提供了一种二次电池,包括正极极片、正极极耳以及胶纸,正极极片包括正极集流体及设置于所述正极集流体沿其厚度方向的表面的正极活性物质层,所述正极活性物质层设置有凹槽,所述正极集流体包括第一区域,所述第一区域裸露于所述凹槽;正极极耳的至少部分设置于所述凹槽,且与所述第一区域连接;胶纸贴附于所述正极活性物质层且覆盖所述凹槽和所述正极极耳,所述胶纸包括基材层和粘接层,所述粘接层设置于所述基材层朝向所述正极极耳的一侧的表面,所述基材层具有允许金属阳离子通过的孔隙,所述基材层的孔隙率为φ,满足30%≤φ≤60%;沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向,所述基材层的投影面积为S1,所述粘接层的投影与所述基材层的投影的重叠面积为S2,满足20%≤S2/S1≤45%。
在这种结构的二次电池中,当基材层的孔隙率φ为30%-60%,既能够使得金属阳离子能够穿过基材层,从而使得正极活性物质层被胶纸覆盖的部分也能够实现金属阳离子的吸收和释放,使得正极活性物质层的有效面积更大,能够提高二次电池的放电容量,又能够减小胶纸在二次电池的制备过程中变形的可能性,且能够使得在高温下的胶纸的收缩率较低,能够改善二次电池的高温外短性能,进而提高二次电池的安全性能。沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向,所述基材层的投影面积为S1,所述粘接层的投影与所述基材层的投影的重叠面积为S2,满足20%≤S2/S1≤45%,既能够使得胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力较强,胶纸对正极极耳的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池热失控的可能性,又能够使得正极活性物质层被粘接层遮挡的面积较小,能够使得更多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸,从而能够提高二次电池的放电容量。
本申请实施例中的二次电池可以是锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等,本申请实施例对此并不限定。二次电池可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等,本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请实施例提供一种使用二次电池作为电源的用电设备,用电设备可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。
参见图1至6,图1为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的一个视角的结构示意图;图2为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的部分结构的剖视示意图;图3为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的部分结构的示意图;图4为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的部分结构的示意图;图5为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的部分结构的剖视示意图;图6为本申请一些实施例提供的二次电池的胶纸的结构示意图。
本申请实施例提供一种二次电池10,包括正极极片100、正极极耳200以及胶纸300,正极极片100包括正极集流体110及设置于正极集流体110沿其厚度方向的表面的正极活性物质层120,正极活性物质层120设置有凹槽121,正极集流体110包括第一区域,第一区域裸露于凹槽121。正极极耳200的至少部分设置于凹槽121,且与第一区域连接。胶纸300贴附于正极活性物质层120且覆盖凹槽121和正极极耳200。
在一些实施例中,胶纸300包括基材层310和粘接层320,粘接层320设置于基材层310朝向正极极耳200的一侧的表面,基材层310具有允许金属阳离子通过的孔隙,基材层310的孔隙率为φ,满足30%≤φ≤60%。例如,φ可以为30%、45%或60%等。
通过使得基材层310的孔隙率φ满足30%≤φ≤60%,当基材层310的孔隙率φ大于或等于30%,使得金属阳离子能够穿过基材层310,从而使得正极活性物质层120被胶纸300覆盖的部分也能够实现金属阳离子的吸收和释放,使得正极活性物质层120的有效面积更大,能够提高二次电池10的放电容量;当基材层310的孔隙率φ小于或等于60%,能够减小胶纸300在二次电池10的制备过程中变形的可能性,且能够使得在高温下的胶纸300的收缩率较低,能够改善二次电池的高温外短性能,进而提高二次电池的安全性能;因此,当基材层310的孔隙率φ为30%-60%,既能够使得金属阳离子能够穿过基材层310,从而使得正极活性物质层120被胶纸300覆盖的部分也能够实现金属阳离子的吸收和释放,使得正极活性物质层120的有效面积更大,能够提高二次电池10的放电容量,又能够减小胶纸300在二次电池10的制备过程中变形的可能性,且能够使得在高温下的胶纸300的收缩率较低,能够改善二次电池的高温外短性能,进而提高二次电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中,沿正极集流体的厚度方向X,基材层310的投影面积为S1,粘接层320的投影与基材层310的投影的重叠面积为S2,满足20%≤S2/S1≤45%。例如,S2/S1可以为20%、30%或45%等。
当S2/S1大于或等于20%时,能够使得粘接层320的面积较大,从而使得胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力较强,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性;当S2/S1小于或等于45%时,粘接层320的面积较小,能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且使得正极活性物质层120被粘接层320遮挡的面积较小,能够使得更多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量;因此,当S2/S1为20%-45%,既能够使得胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力较强,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性,又能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得正极活性物质层120被粘接层320遮挡的面积较小,能够使得更多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量。
在一些实施例中,25%≤S2/S1≤35%。例如,S2/S1可以为25%、30%或35%等。
当S2/S1大于或等于25%时,能够进一步使得粘接层320的面积较大,从而使得胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力较强,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性;当S2/S1小于或等于35%时,能够进一步使得粘接层320的面积较小,能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且使得正极活性物质层120被粘接层320遮挡的面积较小,能够使得更多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量;因此,当S2/S1为25%-35%,既能够进一步使得胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力较强,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性,又能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且能够进一步使得正极活性物质层120被粘接层320遮挡的面积较小,能够使得更多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量。
参见图6,在一些实施例中,粘接层320包括多个粘接部321,多个粘接部321相互间隔设置。
通过使得粘接层320包括多个粘接部321,多个粘接部321相互间隔设置,能够使得胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力分布更加均匀,进而使得胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接强度更高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性,可以通过调节各粘接部321的面积来控制粘接层320的面积。
在一些实施例中,粘接部321为直线形,粘接部321沿第一方向Y延伸,多个粘接部321沿第二方向Z间隔设置。第一方向Y、第二方向Z、正极集流体的厚度方向X两两垂直。
通过使得粘接部321为直线形,粘接部321沿第一方向Y延伸,多个粘接部321沿第二方向Z间隔设置;第一方向Y、第二方向Z、正极集流体的厚度方向X两两垂直,能够使得胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性。
在一些实施例中,粘接部321沿第二方向Z的宽度为W,满足1mm≤W≤2mm。例如,W可以为1mm、1.5mm或2mm等。
当W大于或等于1mm,能够使得粘接部321沿第二方向Z的宽度较大,粘接部321与正极极片100之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性;当W小于或等于2mm,能够使得粘接部321沿第二方向Z的宽度较小,能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且正极活性物质层120被粘接部321遮挡的面积较小,能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量;因此,当W为1mm-2mm,既能够使得粘接部321与正极极片100之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性,又能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量。
在一些实施例中,相邻两个粘接部321沿第二方向Z的间隔距离为G1,满足3mm≤G1≤5mm。例如G1可以为3mm、4mm或5mm等。
当G1大于或等于3mm,能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得相邻两个粘接部321沿第二方向Z的间隔距离较大,能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量;当G1小于或等于5mm,能够使得基材层310上有更多空间用于设置粘接部321,粘接层320与正极极片100之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性;因此,当G1为3mm-5mm,既能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量,又能够使得粘接层320与正极极片100之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性。
在一些实施例中,多个粘接部321呈阵列排布。
通过使得多个粘接部321呈阵列排布,能够使得胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力分布更加均匀,进而使得胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接强度更高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性。
参见图7,图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的二次电池的胶纸的结构示意图。
在一些实施例中,粘接部321沿正极集流体的厚度方向X的投影的外接圆的直径为D,满足2.5mm≤D≤3.5mm。例如,D可以为2.5mm、3mm或3.5mm等。
当D大于或等于2.5mm,能够使得粘接部321的面积较大,粘接部321与正极极片100之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性;当D小于或等于3.5mm,能够使得粘接部321的面积较小,能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且正极活性物质层120被粘接部321遮挡的面积较小,能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量;因此,当D为2.5mm-3.5mm,既能够使得粘接部321与正极极片100之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性,又能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量。
在一些实施例中,相邻两个粘接部321的间隔距离为G2,满足2mm≤G2≤3mm。例如G2可以为2mm、2.5mm或3mm等。
当G2大于或等于2mm,能够使得相邻两个粘接部321沿第二方向Z的间隔距离较大,能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量;当G2小于或等于3mm,能够使得基材层310上有更多空间用于设置粘接部321,粘接层320与正极极片100之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性;因此,当G2为2mm-3mm,既能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量,又能够使得粘接层320与正极极片100之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性。
参见图8,图8为本申请另一些实施例提供的二次电池的胶纸的结构示意图。
在一些实施例中,相邻两个粘接部321之间的最大间隔距离为G3,最小间隔距离为G4,满足1mm≤G4<G3≤7mm。例如,G4可以为1mm、3mm或5mm等。例如,G3可以为3mm、5mm或7mm等。
通过使得G4<G3,即多个粘接部321呈不均匀分布,能够使得粘接部321的制备难度较低。当G3、G4大于或等于1mm,能够使得相邻两个粘接部321之间的最大间隔距离较大,能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量;当G3、G4小于或等于7mm,能够使得基材层310上有更多空间用于设置粘接部321,粘接层320与正极极片100之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性;因此,当G3、G4为1mm-7mm,既能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且能够使得较多的金属阳离子穿过胶纸300,从而能够提高二次电池10的放电容量,又能够使得粘接层320与正极极片100之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性。
在一些实施例中,沿正极集流体的厚度方向X,粘接层320与正极极耳200的投影至少部分重叠。
通过使得沿正极集流体的厚度方向X,粘接层320与正极极耳200的投影至少部分重叠,能够使得粘接层320的至少部分能够贴附于正极极耳200,使得胶纸300与正极极耳200之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性。
参见图9,图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的二次电池的部分结构的示意图。
在一些实施例中,沿正极集流体的厚度方向X,正极极耳200与正极极片100的投影的重叠面积为S3,粘接层320与正极极耳200的投影的重叠面积为S4,满足40%≤S4/S3≤100%。例如,S4/S3可以为40%、70%或100%等。
通过使得40%≤S4/S3≤100%,能够使得粘接层320与正极极耳200的投影的重叠面积较大,进而使得胶纸300与正极极耳200的粘接面积较大,胶纸300与正极极耳200的之间的粘接强度较高,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性。
在一些实施例中,胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力为F,满足30N/m≤F≤140N/m。例如,F可以为30N/m、80N/m或140N/m等。
当胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力F大于或等于30N/m,能够使得胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力较强,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性;由于胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力F与粘接层320的面积和厚度呈正向关系,当胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力F小于或等于140N/m,能够使得粘接层320的面积和/或厚度较小,减小粘接层320占用的空间,从而使得对二次电池10的放电容量的影响较小;因此,当胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力F为30N/m-140N/m,既能够使得胶纸300与正极极片100之间的粘接力较强,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性较高,能够减小二次电池10热失控的可能性,又能够减小粘接层320占用的空间,从而使得对二次电池10的放电容量的影响较小。
在一些实施例中,基材层310的厚度为H1,满足6μm≤H1≤20μm。例如,H1可以为6μm、13μm或20μm等。
当基材层310的厚度H1大于或等于6μm,能够使得正极极耳200的毛刺不易穿过胶纸300而与负极极片接触,减小二次电池10短路的可能性;当基材层310的厚度H1小于或等于20μm,能够使得胶纸300在正极集流体的厚度方向X上的尺寸较小,能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且使得对二次电池10的放电容量的影响较小;因此,当基材层310的厚度H1为6μm-20μm,既能够使得正极极耳200的毛刺不易穿过胶纸300而与负极极片接触,减小二次电池10短路的可能性,又能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且使得对二次电池10的放电容量的影响较小。
在一些实施例中,8μm≤H1≤12μm。例如,H1可以为8μm、10μm或12μm等。
当基材层310的厚度H1大于或等于8μm,能够进一步使得正极极耳200的毛刺不易穿过胶纸300而与负极极片接触,减小二次电池10短路的可能性;当基材层310的厚度H1小于或等于12μm,能够进一步使得胶纸300在正极集流体的厚度方向X上的尺寸较小,能够进一步减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且使得对二次电池10的放电容量的影响较小;因此,当基材层310的厚度H1为8μm-12μm,既能够进一步使得正极极耳200的毛刺不易穿过胶纸300而与负极极片接触,减小二次电池10短路的可能性,又能够进一步减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且能够进一步使得对二次电池10的放电容量的影响较小。
在一些实施例中,基材层310为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯、微孔聚烯烃、纤维素膜、无纺布中的至少一者制成。
通过使得基材层310为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯、微孔聚烯烃、纤维素膜、无纺布中的至少一者制成,使得基材层310具有孔隙,且孔隙率能够达到30%至60%。
在一些实施例中,粘接层320的厚度为H2,满足3μm≤H2≤5μm。例如,H2可以为3μm、4μm或5μm等。
当粘接层320的厚度H2大于或等于3μm,能够使得胶纸300的粘接力较强,胶纸300不易脱落,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性更高,并且正极极耳200的毛刺不易穿过胶纸300而与负极极片接触,减小二次电池10短路的可能性;当粘接层320的厚度H2小于或等于5μm,能够使得胶纸300在正极集流体的厚度方向X上的尺寸较小,能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且使得对二次电池10的放电容量的影响较小;因此,当粘接层320的厚度H2为3μm-5μm,既能够使得胶纸300的粘接力较强,胶纸300不易脱落,胶纸300对正极极耳200的绝缘可靠性更高,并且正极极耳200的毛刺不易穿过胶纸300而与负极极片接触,减小二次电池10短路的可能性,又能够减小胶纸300的阻抗,从而减小二次电池10出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性,能够使得二次电池10的动力学性能更好,并且使得对二次电池10的放电容量的影响较小。
在一些实施例中,粘接层320为聚丙烯酸酯、聚烯烃、丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物中的至少一者制成。
通过使得粘接层320为聚丙烯酸酯、聚烯烃、丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物中的至少一者制成,能够使得粘接层320的粘接力较强。
参见图1和图2,在一些实施例中,二次电池10还包括负极极片400、负极极耳500、隔膜600以及外壳700,正极极片100、隔膜600、负极极片400层叠设置,外壳700用于容纳正极极片100、隔膜600、负极极片400以及电解液。二次电池主要依靠金属离子在正极极片100和负极极片400之间移动来工作。负极极片400包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层,负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面,负极极耳500连接于负极集流体,以通过负极极耳实现负极极片400的电能输入或输出。以锂离子电池为例,负极集流体的材料可以为铜,负极活性物质可以为碳材料或硅材料等。隔膜600的材质可以为聚丙烯(PP)或聚乙烯(PE)等。电解液可以包括有机溶剂、电解质锂盐等。
参见图2,在一些实施例中,正极极片100、隔膜600、负极极片400通过卷绕形成卷绕式结构。
在另一些实施例中,正极极片100、隔膜600、负极极片400还可以通过层叠布置形成的叠片式结构。
在一些实施例中,二次电池10呈长方体设置。
参见图5,在一些实施例中,正极集流体110可以为复合集流体,正极集流体110包括基层111和两层导电层112,两侧导电层112分别设置于基层111沿其厚度方向的两侧。
参见表1,表1中H1为基材层的厚度;φ为基材层的孔隙率;S2为沿正极集流体的厚度方向X,粘接层320的投影与基材层310的投影的重叠面积;S1为沿正极集流体的厚度方向X,基材层310的投影面积;“有序点状”即多个粘接部沿正极集流体的厚度方向X的投影呈圆形,且多个粘接部呈阵列排布;“无序点状”即多个粘接部沿正极集流体的厚度方向X的投影呈圆形,且多个粘接部之间的间隔距离不等;H2为粘接层的厚度;“粘接部间隔”即相邻两个粘接部之间的间隔距离;S3为沿正极集流体的厚度方向X,所述正极极耳与所述正极极片的投影的重叠面积;S4为沿正极集流体的厚度方向X,粘接层与正极极耳的投影的重叠面积;F为胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力;R为二次电池的扣电电阻值。
本申请的实施例和对比例按如下方法制得,具体可见表1中的参数。
二次电池的制备方法为:
(1)正极极片的制备:将钴酸锂、导电剂和粘结剂聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)按照97.2:1.5:1.3的质量比溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶液中,配成正极活性物质层浆料。过200目的筛网,配成正极活性物质层浆料,浆料固含量为70%-75%。使用涂布机将正极活性物质层浆料涂覆于正极集流体的表面,涂布厚度为90微米,正极极片的宽度为70毫米,正极极片的长度为1400毫米。冷压、分切后得到正极极片。
(2)正极极片与正极极耳的装配:在正极活性物质层设置凹槽,使得正极集流体的第一区域裸露于凹槽;制备正极极耳,并将正极极耳与第一区域连接。
(3)胶纸的制备和装配:采用微凹版将胶粘剂(胶粘剂可以为聚丙烯酸酯、聚烯烃、丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸等,本申请中选用聚丙烯酸甲酯)涂布于聚丙烯基材层的其中一面,基材层的另外一面涂布离型剂,收卷后分条制备为表面含有粘接层的胶纸卷料。裁切胶纸,并将胶纸贴附于正极活性物质层,使得胶纸覆盖凹槽和正极极耳的部分。
(4)负极极片的制备:将负极活性材料石墨、负极增稠剂羧甲基纤维素钠、负极粘结剂丁苯橡胶按照质量比为98:1:1进行混合,然后加入去离子水作为溶剂搅拌均匀,配成负极活性物质层浆料。过200目的筛网,配成负极活性物质层浆料,浆料固含量为40%-45%。采用铜箔作为负极集流体,将负极活性物质层浆料涂布于负极集流体。经过80℃烘干、冷压、分切后得到负极极片。
(5)负极极片与负极极耳的装配:在负极活性物质层设置第二凹槽,使得负极集流体的第二区域裸露于凹槽;制备负极极耳,并将负极极耳与第二区域连接。
(6)隔膜制备:隔膜的基材为8微米厚的聚乙烯(PE),在基材的相对侧的两表面各涂覆2微米氧化铝陶瓷层,最后在涂布了陶瓷层的两侧各涂覆2.5mg/cm2的粘结剂聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),烘干。
(7)电解液制备:在含水量小于10ppm的环境下,将六氟磷酸锂与非水有机溶剂(碳酸丙烯酯(PC):碳酸乙烯酯(EC):碳酸二甲酯(DMC):碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)=1:1:0.5:1,重量比)配制成基础电解液,加入LiPF6混合均匀得到电解液,其中LiPF6的浓度为1mol/L。
(8)二次电池的制备:将正极极片、隔膜、负极极片按顺序依次叠好,使隔膜处于正极极片和负极极片中间起到隔离的作用,并卷绕得到电极组件。将电极组件置于外包装铝塑膜中,在80℃下脱去水分后,注入上述电解液并封装,经过化成,脱气,切边等工艺流程得到二次电池。
表1二次电池的制备参数及性能测试

胶纸的基材层的孔隙率的检测方法为:
(1)将胶纸从正极极片上取下,采用甲苯溶剂将胶纸在45℃的环境下浸泡10小时,反复两次,得到胶纸的基材层样品。使用万分尺测试基材层样品的厚度h,取10次测量平均值。
(2)计算基材层的孔隙率φ=[1-m/(s*h*ρ)]*100%,其中,m为基材层样品的质量,ρ为基材层材料的真密度。
基材层材料的真密度测试方法:
(1)取基材层样品面积>0.35cm2,使用真密度测试仪(AccuPycⅡ1340),在氦气环境下测出基材层样品的真体积V,真体积V即基材层样品除去孔隙的体积。
(2)使用电子天平测试基材层样品重量为M,真密度ρ=M/V。
粘接层与基材层的投影面积比S2/S1的测试方法为:
(1)将胶纸置于扫描电镜(SEM)下,在加速电压(Extra High Tension)EHT=3kV,约放大倍率1000倍,拍摄图像。
(2)利用imageJ软件,利用阈值分割的方式识别粘接层区域,计算S2/S1=视野中粘接层区域面积/视野中胶纸的面积。
粘接层的面积S4与极耳在极片上的面积S3的比S4/S3的测试方法:
(1)使用万分尺测量得到极耳上极片的长度L1与极耳宽度L2,极耳在极片上的面积S3=L1*L2。
(2)将胶纸置于扫描电镜(SEM)下,在加速电压(Extra High Tension)EHT=3kV,约放大倍率1000倍,拍摄图像。
(3)利用imageJ软件,利用阈值分割的方式识别粘接层区域,计算S4/S3=视野中粘接层区域面积/L1*L2。
胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力的检测方法为:
(1)将贴附有胶纸的正极极片冲切成54.2*72.5mm样品。
(2)将样品放置于拉力机,将拉力机设置为测试速度50mm/min,对样品进行预拉伸5mm。
(3)预拉伸后,重新将拉力机的力、位移等数据清零,以50mm/min的测试速度再次对样品进行测试,拉力机的拉伸长度为40mm时,记录拉力为胶纸与正极极片之间的粘接力。
二次电池高温外短性能的检测方法为:
(1)将二次电池放置于23±2℃环境中。
(2)恒流0.7C将二次电池充电至电池的充电截止电压(如4.45V),恒压将二次电池充电至0.02C。
(3)将二次电池放置在57±5℃测试环境,电芯表面温度到达测试温度后静置30min,使用不同阻值(60-100mΩ之间)的负载电阻与电池的正负极短接,测试时间24h。
(4)判定标准:不起火、不爆炸、样品表面温度不超过130℃。
二次电池的扣电电阻值的检测方法为:
(1)将二次电池样品静置5分钟;恒压0.5C对二次电池样品充电4.5V,然后恒流0.1C将二次电池样品充电至4.5V,静置10分钟;恒压0.5C将二次电池样品放电3V;
(2)将二次电池样品静置3分钟;恒压0.5C对二次电池样品充电至4.5V,静置10分钟,恒压0.5C将二次电池样品放电至1V,取此时的电压为V1;
(3)静置1小时后,取二次电池的电压为V2,二次电池的扣电电阻值R=(V1-V2)/(0.5C放电对应的电流值)。
根据表1可以得到以下结论:
参见对比例1和实施例1-33,对比例1中胶纸仅包括基材层,不设置粘接层,而本申请中的胶纸包括基材层和粘接层,能够使得胶纸的粘接性能更好,并且使得二次电池的扣电电阻值更大。当基材层的孔隙率φ满足30%≤φ≤60%,且粘接层与基材层满足20%≤S2/S1≤45%,能够使得二次电池的动力学性能更好,二次电池出现析锂或形成紫斑的可能性更低。
参见对比例2-9和实施例1-6,基材层的孔隙率φ越大,二次电池的扣电电阻值越小,二次电池的动力学性能越好,但是高温外短性能越差。对比例2中基材层的孔隙率φ小于30%,二次电池的扣电电阻值较大,影响二次电池的动力学性能;对比例3中基材层的孔隙率φ大于60%,胶纸容易产生变形,使得二次电池短路的风险增大。
参见对比例4-5和实施例4、7-10,沿正极集流体的厚度方向,粘接层的投影与基材层的投影的重叠面积与基材层的投影面积的比值S2/S1越小,同时粘接部的尺寸越小,二次电池的扣电电阻值越小,二次电池的动力学性能越好。但是对比例4中S2/S1小于20%,胶纸的粘接力较低;对比例5中S2/S1大于45%,粘接层的面积较大,会阻挡金属阳离子穿过胶纸,影响二次电池的放电容量。
参见实施例11-13,粘接部的形状为有序点状(例如矩阵排布的圆形粘接部)时,粘接部的尺寸越小,二次电池的扣电电阻值越小,二次电池的动力学性能越好。
参见实施例14-15,粘接部的形状为有序点状(例如矩阵排布的圆形粘接部)时,粘接部的间隔距离越大,二次电池的扣电电阻值越小,二次电池的动力学性能越好。
参见实施例16-18,粘接部的形状为无序点状(例如不规则排布的圆形粘接部)时,粘接部的间隔距离越大,二次电池的扣电电阻值越小,二次电池的动力学性能越好。
参见实施例19-21,粘接部涂布在正极极耳上时,沿正极集流体的厚度方向X,粘接层与正极极耳的投影的重叠面积和正极极耳与正极极片的投影的重叠面积的比值S4/S3越大,胶纸的粘接力越大,能够减小胶纸脱落的风险,从而减小二次电池热失控的可能性。
参见实施例4、22-25,基材层的厚度越小,二次电池的扣电电阻值越小,二次电池的动力学性能越好。
参见实施例4、26-27,粘接部的厚度越小,粘接力越小,但是二次电池的扣电电阻值也越小,二次电池的动力学性能越好。
参见实施例4、28-33,PP(聚丙烯)材料制成的基材层,二次电池的扣电电阻值更小,二次电池的动力学性能更好;其次,纤维素膜、PE(聚乙烯)材料制成的基材层,二次电池的扣电电阻值相对较小,二次电池的动力学性能相对较好。
本申请实施例提供一种用电设备,包括上述任一实施例提供的二次电池10,二次电池10用于提供电能。
用电设备可以是前述任一应用二次电池10的设备或系统。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种二次电池,其特征在于,包括:
    正极极片,包括正极集流体及设置于所述正极集流体沿其厚度方向的表面的正极活性物质层,所述正极活性物质层设置有凹槽,所述正极集流体包括第一区域,所述第一区域裸露于所述凹槽;
    正极极耳,至少部分设置于所述凹槽,且与所述第一区域连接;
    胶纸,贴附于所述正极活性物质层且覆盖所述凹槽和所述正极极耳,所述胶纸包括基材层和粘接层,所述粘接层设置于所述基材层朝向所述正极极耳的一侧的表面,所述基材层具有允许金属阳离子通过的孔隙,所述基材层的孔隙率为φ,满足30%≤φ≤60%;
    沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向,所述基材层的投影面积为S1,所述粘接层的投影与所述基材层的投影的重叠面积为S2,满足20%≤S2/S1≤45%。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池,其特征在于,25%≤S2/S1≤35%。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述粘接层包括多个粘接部,多个所述粘接部相互间隔设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述粘接部为直线形,所述粘接部沿第一方向延伸,多个所述粘接部沿第二方向间隔设置;所述第一方向、所述第二方向、所述正极集流体的厚度方向两两垂直。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述粘接部沿所述第二方向的宽度为W,满足1mm≤W≤2mm;相邻两个所述粘接部沿所述第二方向的间隔距离为G1,满足3mm≤G1≤5mm。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的二次电池,其特征在于,多个所述粘接部呈阵列排布,所述粘接部沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向的投影的外接圆的直径为D,满足2.5mm≤D≤3.5mm;相邻两个所述粘接部的间隔距离为G2,满足2mm≤G2≤3mm。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的二次电池,其特征在于,相邻两个所述粘接部之间的最大间隔距离为G3,最小间隔距离为G4,满足1mm≤G4<G3≤7mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池,其特征在于,沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向,所述粘接层与所述正极极耳的投影至少部分重叠。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的二次电池,其特征在于,沿所述正极集流体的厚度方向,所述正极极耳与所述正极极片的投影的重叠面积为S3,所述粘接层与所述正极极耳的投影的重叠面积为S4,满足40%≤S4/S3≤100%。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述胶纸与所述正极极片之间的粘接力为F,满足30N/m≤F≤140N/m。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述基材层的厚度为H1,满足6μm≤H1≤20μm。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的二次电池,其特征在于,8μm≤H1≤12μm。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述基材层为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯、微孔聚烯烃、纤维素膜、无纺布中的至少一者制成。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述粘接层的厚度为H2,满足3μm≤H2≤5μm。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池,其特征在于,所述粘接层为聚丙烯酸酯、聚烯烃、丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸及其衍生物中的至少一者制成。
  16. 一种用电设备,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1-15任一项所述的二次电池,所述二次电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2025/080306 2024-03-31 2025-03-03 二次电池及用电设备 Pending WO2025209082A1 (zh)

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