WO2025201484A1 - 太阳能电池片及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
太阳能电池片及其制备方法和应用Info
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- WO2025201484A1 WO2025201484A1 PCT/CN2025/085464 CN2025085464W WO2025201484A1 WO 2025201484 A1 WO2025201484 A1 WO 2025201484A1 CN 2025085464 W CN2025085464 W CN 2025085464W WO 2025201484 A1 WO2025201484 A1 WO 2025201484A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/14—Shape of semiconductor bodies; Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of semiconductor regions within semiconductor bodies
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to solar cells and their preparation methods and applications.
- Solar cells have attracted widespread attention for their advantages, including high operating voltage, high bifaciality, high conversion efficiency, and simple manufacturing processes.
- the addition of doping elements can affect the crystallization quality of the film layers, making them susceptible to cracking and impairing the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell. Therefore, there is a need to develop solar cells with superior structural reliability and high photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
- the present application provides a solar cell, comprising a silicon substrate, a first film layer disposed on a surface of the silicon substrate, and a second film layer disposed on a surface of the silicon substrate facing away from the first film layer;
- the first film layer includes a stacked first emitter layer and a first electrode layer, the first emitter layer is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate, and the crystallinity of the first emitter layer on a side close to the first electrode layer is greater than the crystallinity of the first emitter layer on a side close to the silicon substrate;
- the second film layer includes a second emitter layer and a second electrode layer stacked together, the second emitter layer is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate, and the crystallinity of the second emitter layer on a side close to the second electrode layer is greater than the crystallinity of the second emitter layer on a side close to the silicon substrate;
- the first emission layer has a first doping element
- the second emission layer has a second doping element
- the silicon substrate has the first doping element or the second doping element
- the first doping element is different from the second doping element.
- the first emission layer includes a first seed layer and a first emission layer stacked in sequence, the first seed layer is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate, the first emission layer is connected to the first electrode layer, the crystallization rate of the first seed layer is 0.3-0.6, and the crystallization rate of the first emission layer is greater than the crystallization rate of the first seed layer; and/or
- the second emission layer includes a second seed layer and a second emission layer stacked in sequence, the second seed layer is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate, the second emission layer is connected to the second electrode layer, the crystallization rate of the second seed layer is 0.3-0.6, and the crystallization rate of the second emission layer is greater than the crystallization rate of the second seed layer.
- the crystallinity of the first emission layer is 0.4-0.7.
- a material of the first seed layer includes at least one of microcrystalline silicon containing the first doping element, microcrystalline silicon carbide containing the first doping element, and microcrystalline silicon oxide containing the first doping element.
- the material of the first emission layer includes at least one of microcrystalline silicon containing the first doping element, microcrystalline silicon carbide containing the first doping element, and microcrystalline silicon oxide containing the first doping element.
- the crystallinity of the second emission layer is 0.4-0.7.
- the material of the second seed layer includes at least one of microcrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon oxide, microcrystalline silicon carbide, microcrystalline silicon containing the second doping element, microcrystalline silicon carbide containing the second doping element, and microcrystalline silicon oxide containing the second doping element.
- the material of the second emission layer includes at least one of microcrystalline silicon containing the second doping element, microcrystalline silicon carbide containing the second doping element, and microcrystalline silicon oxide containing the second doping element.
- a molar ratio of the second doping element to silicon in the second seed layer is greater than a molar ratio of the first doping element to silicon in the first seed layer.
- the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first emission layer is greater than the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first seed layer.
- the material of the first passivation layer includes at least one of amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon oxide and silicon carbide
- the material of the second passivation layer includes at least one of amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon oxide and silicon carbide.
- the first film layer further includes a first transition layer arranged between the first emission layer and the first electrode layer.
- the material of the first transition layer includes at least one of microcrystalline silicon containing the first doping element, microcrystalline silicon oxide containing the first doping element, and microcrystalline silicon carbide containing the first doping element.
- the second film layer further includes a second transition layer arranged between the second emission layer and the second electrode layer.
- the second film layer further includes a second transition layer and a buffer layer arranged between the second emission layer and the second electrode layer, and the second transition layer is arranged between the second emission layer and the buffer layer.
- a material of the second transition layer includes at least one of microcrystalline silicon containing the second doping element, microcrystalline silicon oxide containing the second doping element, and microcrystalline silicon carbide containing the second doping element.
- the second film layer further includes a buffer layer arranged between the second emission layer and the second electrode layer.
- the material of the buffer layer includes at least one of amorphous silicon containing the second doping element and amorphous silicon oxide containing the second doping element.
- a molar ratio of the second doping element to silicon in the second seed layer is greater than a molar ratio of the first doping element to silicon in the first seed layer.
- the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first emission layer is greater than the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first seed layer.
- the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is greater than 25%.
- the change in the crystallization rate of the first emission layer and/or the second emission layer in the solar cell makes the silicon substrate, the first emission layer and the first electrode and/or the silicon substrate, the second emission layer and the second electrode film layers more compatible, which can effectively avoid the film bursting phenomenon, and the solar cell structure has good stability. At the same time, it also improves the carrier collection capacity, helps to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, and is conducive to the widespread application of solar cells.
- the present application provides a method for preparing a solar cell, comprising:
- a first film layer and a second film layer are deposited on a silicon substrate to obtain a solar cell;
- the solar cell includes a silicon substrate, a first film layer disposed on a surface of the silicon substrate, and a second film layer disposed on a surface of the silicon substrate facing away from the first film layer;
- the first film layer includes a first emitter layer and a first electrode layer stacked in sequence along a direction from the silicon substrate to the first film layer, the first emitter layer being connected to the surface of the silicon substrate, and a crystallinity of the first emitter layer on a side close to the first electrode layer being greater than a crystallinity of the first emitter layer on a side close to the silicon substrate;
- the second film layer includes a second emitter layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence along a direction from the silicon substrate to the second film layer, the second emitter layer being connected to the surface of the silicon substrate, and a crystallinity of the second emitter layer on a side close to the second electrode layer being greater than
- carbon dioxide plasma treatment is further performed before preparing the first emission layer and/or the second emission layer.
- the carbon dioxide flow rate in the carbon dioxide plasma treatment is 50 sccm-200 sccm
- the carbon dioxide plasma treatment time is 5s-15s
- the carbon dioxide plasma treatment power is 66 W/m 2 -200 W/m 2 .
- the method for preparing the solar cell provided in the present application is novel and has a simple preparation process, and can prepare solar cells with excellent comprehensive performance.
- the present application provides a solar cell, which includes the solar cell described in the first aspect or the solar cell produced by the preparation method described in the second aspect.
- the solar cell provided in this application has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and good safety in use, which is conducive to improving the application of solar cells.
- the present application provides an electrical device, wherein the electrical device includes the solar cell described in the third aspect.
- the electrical equipment provided in this application has excellent comprehensive performance, high photoelectric utilization rate, and strong product competitiveness.
- FIG1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present application.
- FIG2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG8 is a flow chart of the preparation of a solar cell provided in one embodiment of the present application.
- FIG9 is a flow chart of a preparation process of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG10 is a flow chart of a preparation process of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG11 is a flow chart of a preparation process of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG12 is a flow chart of a preparation process of a solar cell provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- FIG13 is a surface morphology diagram of the solar cell after coating provided in Example 1 of the present application.
- FIG14 is a surface morphology diagram of the solar cell after coating provided in Comparative Example 1 of the present application.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell 100 provided in one embodiment of the present application.
- the solar cell 100 includes a silicon substrate 10, a first film layer 20 provided on the surface of the silicon substrate 10, and a second film layer 30 provided on the surface of the silicon substrate 10 on a side away from the first film layer 20.
- the first film layer 20 includes a stacked first emission layer 23' and a first electrode layer 24.
- the first emission layer 23' is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10.
- the crystallinity of the first emission layer 23' on the side close to the first electrode layer 24 is greater than that on the side close to the silicon substrate.
- the second film layer 30 includes a second emission layer '33' and a second electrode layer 34 stacked in sequence, the second emission layer 33' is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10, and the crystallization rate of the second emission layer 33' close to the second electrode layer 34 is greater than the crystallization rate of the second emission layer '33' close to the silicon substrate 10; the first emission layer 23' has a first doping element, the second emission layer '33' has a second doping element, the silicon substrate 10 has the first doping element or the second doping element, and the first doping element is different from the second doping element.
- the silicon substrate 10 is a light absorption region, which can enhance the light absorption efficiency of the solar cell 100.
- the crystallization rate of the first emitter layer 23' near the first electrode layer 24 is greater than the crystallization rate of the first emitter layer 23' near the silicon substrate 10
- the crystallization rate of the second emitter layer' near the second electrode layer 34 is greater than the crystallization rate of the second emitter layer' near the silicon substrate 10. This can alleviate the surge in hydrogen atoms caused by the significant increase in the crystallization rate, reduce the film stress generated by hydrogen atoms, and reduce the occurrence of film cracking, which is beneficial for improving the structural stability, service life, and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100.
- the first electrode layer 24 and the second electrode layer 34 can improve the conductivity of the solar cell 100, enabling efficient photoelectric conversion. Therefore, the solar cell 100 provided in this application has good structural stability and high photoelectric conversion efficiency, which is beneficial for its use.
- the silicon substrate 10 is a light absorption region, which can enhance the light absorption efficiency of the solar cell 100.
- the silicon substrate 10 can be made of single crystal silicon.
- the silicon substrate 10 and the first emitter layer 23' have a first doping element, and the second emitter layer' has a second doping element.
- One of the first and second doping elements can be boron, and the other can be phosphorus.
- the silicon substrate 10 and the first emitter layer 23' have the first doping element, which is a first doping type; the second emitter layer' has the second doping element, which is a second doping type; the first and second doping types are different.
- one of the first and second doping types is N-type doping, and the other is P-type doping.
- N-type doping refers to semiconductor materials with an N-type doping type for electron transport, such as phosphorus doping
- P-type doping refers to semiconductor materials with a P-type doping type for hole transport, such as boron doping.
- the silicon substrate 10 serves as a light absorption region, improving the light absorption efficiency of the solar cell 100, providing support and a growth environment for the subsequent film layers, and forming a heterojunction with the film layers to achieve photoelectric conversion in the solar cell 100.
- the difference in the first doping element makes the silicon substrate 10 different substrate types.
- the silicon substrate 10 can be, but is not limited to, an N-type silicon substrate 10 or a P-type silicon substrate 10.
- the silicon substrate 10 can be an N-type silicon substrate 10, which can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100.
- the first doping element in the silicon substrate 10 is phosphorus.
- the silicon substrate 10 is an N-type silicon substrate 10
- the first film layer 20 is the light-receiving surface
- the first doping type is N-type doping
- the first doping element is phosphorus
- the second film layer is the backlight surface
- the second doping type is P-type doping
- the second doping element is boron.
- the silicon substrate 10 is a P-type silicon substrate 10
- the first film layer 20 is the light-receiving surface
- the first doping type is P-type doping
- the first doping element is boron
- the second film layer is the backlight surface
- the second layer doping type is N-type doping
- the second doping element is phosphorus
- the crystallization rate reflects the ratio of crystalline to amorphous states in a film.
- a higher crystallization rate indicates a more complete crystallization of the film, and a higher crystalline component.
- a lower crystallization rate indicates a higher amorphous component.
- the crystallization rate can be measured using a Raman spectrometer. Gaussian three-peak fitting is performed on the Raman spectrum of the film to obtain the crystallization rate Xc of the film.
- the crystallization rate Xc is calculated using the following formula:
- I c is crystalline silicon
- I g is the crystalline silicon grain boundary
- I a is amorphous silicon
- I 516.4 is the spectral peak position of crystalline silicon
- I 507.4 is the spectral peak position of crystalline silicon grain boundary
- I 485.3 is the spectral peak position of amorphous silicon.
- Microcrystalline refers to a mixed state of amorphous and polycrystalline/single crystals, a mixed-phase disordered material between amorphous and polycrystalline/single crystals, with grain sizes typically ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers.
- Amorphous is grainless, while polycrystalline/single crystals are composed entirely of crystalline particles separated by grain boundaries. The higher the crystallization rate, the closer the state is to polycrystalline/single crystals; the lower the crystallization rate, the closer it is to amorphous.
- the first emission layer 23' includes a first seed layer 22 and a first emission layer 23, which are stacked in sequence.
- the first seed layer 22 is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10, and the first emission layer 23 is connected to the first electrode layer 24.
- the crystallization ratio of the first seed layer 22 is 0.3-0.6.
- the crystallization ratio of the first emission layer 23 is controlled between 0.3-0.6 to reduce the occurrence of film bursting, which is beneficial for improving the structural stability, service life, and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100.
- the crystallization ratio of the first emission layer 23 is greater than that of the first seed layer 22.
- the more microcrystalline structures in the solar cell 100 the higher the light transmittance and carrier mobility, which can improve the carrier transport capacity and photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the more crystalline structures when a hydrogen passivation process is used, the more crystalline structures, the more significant the hydrogen passivation effect, thereby further improving the carrier transport capacity and photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- FIG 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell 100 provided in another embodiment of the present application.
- a first passivation layer 21 is further provided between the silicon substrate 10 and the first emission layer 23'.
- the first passivation layer 21 can be disposed between the first seed layer 22 and the silicon substrate 10. The first passivation layer 21 can reduce the impact of interface defects on cell performance and improve the stability of the solar cell 100.
- the first seed layer 22 provides stable growth conditions for subsequent film layers, ensuring the structural stability of the solar cell 100.
- the first passivation layer 21 can reduce the impact of interface defects and improve cell efficiency and stability.
- the material of the first passivation layer 21 includes at least one of amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon oxide, and silicon carbide.
- the material of the first passivation layer 21 can be amorphous silicon.
- the material of the first passivation layer 21 can be silicon carbide.
- the thickness of the first passivation layer 21 is 7nm-10nm. A thinner first passivation layer 21 can increase the transport speed of carriers.
- the thickness of the first passivation layer 21 can be, but is not limited to, 7nm, 7.5nm, 8nm, 8.5nm, 9nm, 9.5nm, or 10nm. In one embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first passivation layer 21 can be 7nm-8.5nm. In another embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first passivation layer 21 may be 8 nm-10 nm.
- the crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22 is 0.3-0.6, which can reduce the generation of impurity defects and film explosion, thereby avoiding the recombination of carriers in deep energy levels and the reduction of the number of carriers due to impurity defects, thereby improving the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the solar cell 100, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100.
- the crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22 can be, but is not limited to, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.5 or 0.6.
- the crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22 can be 0.3-0.56.
- the crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22 can be 0.5-0.6.
- the material of the first seed layer 22 includes at least one of microcrystalline silicon containing a first doping element, microcrystalline silicon carbide containing a first doping element, and microcrystalline silicon oxide containing a first doping element.
- the material of the first seed layer 22 may be microcrystalline silicon containing a first doping element.
- the material of the first seed layer 22 may be microcrystalline silicon oxide containing a first doping element.
- the thickness of the first seed layer 22 is 3nm-5nm.
- the thickness of the first seed layer 22 may be, but is not limited to, 3nm, 3.5nm, 4nm, 4.2nm, 4.5nm, 4.8nm or 5nm, etc. In one embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first seed layer 22 may be 3nm-4.5nm.
- the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first seed layer 22 is 1:(20-25). Specifically, the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first seed layer 22 may be, but is not limited to, 1:20, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23, 1:24, or 1:25. In one embodiment of the present application, the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first seed layer 22 may be 1:(20-23). In another embodiment of the present application, the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first seed layer 22 may be 1:(22-25).
- the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23 is greater than that of the first seed layer 22.
- the higher crystallization rate in the first emission layer 23 can improve the electrical conductivity and carrier mobility.
- the lower crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22 can reduce the impurity defects generated by subsequent coating, avoid the recombination of carriers at the deep energy levels of the defects, and improve the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the solar cell 100; at the same time, the higher the crystallization rate, the higher the hydrogen content, the denser the film structure, and the greater the stress generated by hydrogen atoms.
- the first seed layer 22 plays a transitional role between the first passivation layer 21 and the first emission layer 23, balancing the process matching degree between the first passivation layer 21 of amorphous material and the first emission layer 23 with high crystallization rate, alleviating the surge in hydrogen content caused by the increase in crystallization rate, increasing the film stress, and reducing the film bursting phenomenon of the solar cell 100.
- the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23 is 0.4-0.7, which balances the optical and electrical properties of the solar cell 100, improves the process matching of the upper and lower film layers of the first emission layer 23, and improves the electrical conductivity and carrier mobility, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100.
- the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23 can be, but is not limited to, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65 or 0.7. In one embodiment of the present application, the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23 can be 0.4-0.55. In another embodiment of the present application, the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23 can be 0.5-0.7.
- the material of the first emissive layer 23 includes at least one of microcrystalline silicon containing a first dopant element, microcrystalline silicon carbide containing a first dopant element, and microcrystalline silicon oxide containing a first dopant element.
- the material of the first emissive layer 23 may be microcrystalline silicon oxide containing a first dopant element. Microcrystalline silicon oxide has a wide bandgap and a broad absorption spectrum, allowing silicon to absorb photons across a wider spectrum, thereby generating more carriers.
- the material of the first emissive layer 23 may be microcrystalline silicon containing a first dopant element.
- the thickness of the first emissive layer 23 is 15 nm to 20 nm. Specifically, the thickness of the first emissive layer 23 may be, but is not limited to, 15 nm, 16 nm, 17 nm, 18 nm, 19 nm, or 20 nm. In one embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first emissive layer 23 may be 15 nm to 18 nm. In another embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first emissive layer 23 may be 17 nm to 20 nm.
- the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first emissive layer 23 is 1:(16-19). Specifically, the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first emissive layer 23 may be, but is not limited to, 1:16, 1:17, 1:18, or 1:19. In one embodiment of the present application, the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first emissive layer 23 may be 1:(16-18). In another embodiment of the present application, the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first emissive layer 23 may be 1:(17-19).
- the molar ratio of the first doping element to silicon in the first emissive layer 23 is greater than the molar ratio of the first doping element to silicon in the first seed layer 22.
- a concentration gradient of the first doping element is formed between the first emissive layer 23 and the first seed layer 22, which can improve carrier mobility and enable more carriers to move in the direction of increasing concentration gradient (i.e., the electrode direction), thereby increasing the short-circuit current of the solar cell 100.
- Figure 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a solar cell 100 provided in another embodiment of the present application, wherein the first film layer 20 also includes a first transition layer 2525 disposed between the first emissive layer 23 and the first electrode layer 24.
- the first transition layer 25 can increase the number of carriers and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the material of the first transition layer 25 includes at least one of microcrystalline silicon containing the first doping element, microcrystalline silicon oxide containing the first doping element, and microcrystalline silicon carbide containing the first doping element.
- the material of the first transition layer 25 can be microcrystalline silicon containing the first doping element.
- the thickness of the first transition layer 25 is 1 nm to 2 nm.
- the thickness of the first transition layer 25 may be, but is not limited to, 1 nm, 1.2 nm, 1.3 nm, 1.5 nm, 1.7 nm, 1.9 nm, or 2 nm. In one embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first transition layer 25 may be 1 nm to 1.6 nm. In another embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first transition layer 25 may be 1.4 nm to 2 nm.
- the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first transition layer 25 is 1:(10-16). Specifically, the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first transition layer 25 may be, but is not limited to, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12, 1:13, 1:14, 1:15, or 1:16. In one embodiment of the present application, the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first transition layer 25 may be 1:(10-14). In one embodiment of the present application, the molar ratio of the first doping element to the silicon element in the first transition layer 25 may be 1:(12-16).
- the molar ratio of the first doping element to silicon in the first seed layer 22, the first emission layer 23, and the first transition layer 25 increases in sequence. This creates a larger concentration gradient of the first doping element in the first film layer 20, thereby achieving a more efficient carrier concentration gradient. This improves gradient guidance for hole transport and enhances hole carrier collection capabilities, making carriers more easily absorbed by the outer first electrode layer 24, increasing short-circuit current and further improving photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the first transparent conductive layer 241 can include, but is not limited to, at least one of ITO (indium tin oxide), AZO (zinc aluminum oxide), and IZO (indium zinc oxide). In one example of the present application, the first transparent conductive layer 241 can be ITO (indium tin oxide).
- the second emitter layer '33' includes a second seed layer 32 and a second emitter layer 33 stacked sequentially.
- the second seed layer 32 is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10, and the second emitter layer 33 is connected to the second electrode layer 34.
- the crystallization rate of the second seed layer 32 is 0.3-0.6, and the crystallization rate of the second emitter layer 33 is 0.4-0.7.
- the crystallization rate of the second emitter layer 33 is greater than that of the second seed layer 32. Controlling the crystallization rate of the second seed layer 32 between 0.3-0.6 can reduce the occurrence of film bursting, which is beneficial for improving the structural stability, service life, and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100.
- the crystallization rate of the second emitter layer 33 is greater than that of the second seed layer 32.
- the greater the crystallization rate of the second emitter layer 33 the higher the carrier transport capacity and photoelectric conversion efficiency in the solar cell 100.
- the greater the crystallization rate the more significant the hydrogen passivation effect, thereby further improving the carrier transport capacity and photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- a second passivation layer 31 is further included between the silicon substrate 10 and the second emitter layer '33'.
- the second passivation layer 31 can be disposed between the second seed layer 32 and the silicon substrate 10. The second passivation layer 31 can reduce the impact of interface defects on cell performance and improve the stability of the solar cell 100.
- the material of the second passivation layer 31 includes at least one of amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon oxide and silicon carbide. In one embodiment of the present application, the material of the second passivation layer 31 may be amorphous silicon. In another embodiment of the present application, the material of the second passivation layer 31 may be silicon carbide. In one embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the second passivation layer 31 is 10nm-15nm. Specifically, the thickness of the second passivation layer 31 may be, but is not limited to, 10nm, 10.5nm, 11nm, 11.5nm, 12m, 13nm, 14nm or 15nm. In one embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the second passivation layer 31 may be 10nm-13.5nm. In another embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the second passivation layer 31 may be 12nm-15nm.
- the second seed layer 32 provides stable growth conditions for subsequent film layers.
- the material of the second seed layer 32 includes at least one of microcrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon oxide, microcrystalline silicon carbide, microcrystalline silicon containing a second doping element, microcrystalline silicon carbide containing a second doping element, and microcrystalline silicon oxide containing a second doping element.
- the second seed layer 32 is microcrystalline silicon containing a second doping element, and the second doping element is boron; the second seed layer 32 can contain a large number of stable boron-silicon chemical bonds, which are not easily decomposed by light, avoiding carrier recombination and reducing photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the crystallization rate of the second seed layer 32 is 0.3-0.6, which can reduce the occurrence of film burst and impurity defects, increase the number of carriers, improve the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the solar cell 100, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100.
- the crystallization rate of the second seed layer 32 can be, but is not limited to, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.5, or 0.6.
- the crystallization rate of the second seed layer 32 can be 0.3-0.55.
- the crystallization rate of the second seed layer 32 can be 0.44-0.6.
- the thickness of the second seed layer 32 is 1 nm-3 nm. Specifically, the thickness of the second seed layer 32 can be, but is not limited to, 1 nm, 1.5 nm, 2 nm, 2.2 nm, 2.5 nm, 2.8 nm, or 3 nm. In one embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the second seed layer 32 may be 1 nm to 2 nm. In another embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the second seed layer 32 may be 1.5 nm to 3 nm.
- the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the second seed layer 32 is 1:(13-14).
- the second seed layer 32 has a higher molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the boron-oxygen bond in the second emission layer '.
- the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the second seed layer 32 can be, but is not limited to, 1:13, 1:13.2, 1:13.5, 1:13.6, 1:13.8, 1:13.9 or 1:14.
- the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the second seed layer 32 can be 1:(13-13.6).
- the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the second seed layer 32 can be 1:(13.4-14).
- the molar ratio of the second doping element to silicon in the second emission layer 33 is greater than the molar ratio of the second doping element to silicon in the second seed layer 32.
- a concentration gradient of the second doping element is formed between the second emission layer 33 and the second seed layer 32, which can promote the collection rate of carriers, accelerate the movement of carriers, and increase the short-circuit current of the solar cell 100.
- the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the second transition layer 35 is 1:(30-200). Specifically, the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the second transition layer 35 may be, but is not limited to, 1:30, 1:50, 1:80, 1:100, 1:130, 1:150, 1:180, or 1:200. In one embodiment of the present application, the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the second transition layer 35 may be 1:(30-120). In another embodiment of the present application, the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the second transition layer 35 may be 1:(100-200).
- the molar ratio of the second doping element to silicon in the second transition layer 35 is greater than the molar ratio of the second doping element to silicon in the second emission layer 33.
- a concentration gradient difference of the second doping element is formed between the second transition layer 35 and the second emission layer 33, thereby improving gradient guidance for hole transport, enhancing the hole carrier collection capability, and increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100.
- the second film layer 30 further includes a buffer layer 36 disposed between the second emitter layer 33 and the second electrode layer 34.
- the buffer layer 36 improves the interfacial contact between the second emitter layer 33 and the second electrode layer 34, thereby enhancing carrier transfer efficiency.
- the buffer layer 36 is made of at least one of amorphous silicon containing a second dopant element and amorphous silicon oxide containing a second dopant element.
- the buffer layer 36 can be made of amorphous silicon oxide containing a dopant element.
- the buffer layer 36 has a thickness of 1 nm to 2 nm.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 36 can be, but is not limited to, 1 nm, 1.2 nm, 1.4 nm, 1.6 nm, 1.8 nm, or 2 nm.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 36 may be 1 nm to 1.6 nm.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 36 may be 1.4 nm to 2 nm.
- the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the buffer layer 36 is 1:(10-30). Specifically, the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the buffer layer 36 may be, but is not limited to, 1:10, 1:15, 1:18, 1:20, 1:25, 1:27, or 1:30. In one embodiment of the present application, the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the buffer layer 36 may be 1:(10-20). In another embodiment of the present application, the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the buffer layer 36 may be 1:(15-30).
- the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the buffer layer 36 is greater than the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the second emission layer 33, forming a concentration gradient of the second doping element, which is beneficial to increasing the number of carriers collected in each film layer.
- the second film layer 30 further includes a second transition layer 35 and a buffer layer 36.
- the buffer layer 36 is disposed between the second transition layer 35 and the second electrode layer 34.
- the second transition layer 35 can enhance the hole carrier collection capability and improve the carrier transport efficiency.
- the buffer layer 36 can improve the interfacial contact between the second transition layer 35 and the second electrode layer 34, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and preventing the second electrode layer 34 from damaging the second transition layer 35.
- the coexistence of the second transition layer 35 and the buffer layer 36 can further enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100 and improve the structural stability of the solar cell 100.
- the molar ratio of the second doping element to the silicon element in the second emission layer 33, the second transition layer 35 and the buffer layer 36 gradually increases, so that a carrier concentration gradient is formed between the three layers, and the carriers are more easily absorbed by the outer second electrode layer 34, thereby increasing the short-circuit current and further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100 is greater than 25%.
- the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100 may be, but is not limited to, greater than 25%, greater than or equal to 25.2%, greater than or equal to 25.3%, greater than or equal to 25.4%, greater than or equal to 25.5%, greater than or equal to 25.8%, or greater than or equal to 26%.
- the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the solar cell 100 is greater than or equal to 25.2%.
- the present application also provides a method for preparing a solar cell 100, comprising: depositing a first film layer 20 and a second film layer on a silicon substrate 10 to obtain a solar cell 100; comprising a silicon substrate 10, a first film layer 20 arranged on a surface of the silicon substrate 10, and a second film layer arranged on a surface of the silicon substrate 10 facing away from the first film layer 20; along the direction from the silicon substrate 10 to the first film layer 20, the first film layer 20 comprises a first emission layer 23' and a first electrode layer 24 stacked in sequence, the first emission layer 23' being connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10, the first emission layer 23' being close to the first electrode layer 24, The crystallization rate of the electrode layer 24 side is greater than the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23' close to the silicon substrate 10; and/or along the direction from the silicon substrate 10 to the second film layer, the second film layer includes a second emission layer' and a second electrode layer 34 stacked in sequence, the second emission layer' is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate
- FIG8 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell 100 according to one embodiment of the present application, including:
- S101 depositing a first emitter layer 23' and a first electrode layer 24 on the surface of the silicon substrate 10 in sequence to obtain a first film layer 20, wherein the first emitter layer 23' is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10, and the crystallinity of the first emitter layer 23' on the side close to the first electrode layer 24 is greater than the crystallinity of the first emitter layer 23' on the side close to the silicon substrate 10;
- a second emitter layer ' and a second electrode layer 34 are sequentially deposited on a surface of the silicon substrate 10 facing away from the first emitter layer 23' to obtain a second film layer.
- the second emitter layer ' is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10.
- the crystallization rate of the second emitter layer ' on the side closer to the second electrode layer 34 is greater than the crystallization rate of the second emitter layer ' on the side closer to the silicon substrate 10, thereby producing a solar cell 100.
- the solar cell 100 produced by the preparation method provided in this application has good structural stability and high photoelectric conversion efficiency, which is conducive to the widespread application of the solar cell 100.
- deposition includes chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition.
- deposition may include, but is not limited to, at least one of atomic layer deposition, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, sputtering deposition, electron beam deposition, and thermal evaporation deposition.
- deposition is plasma enhanced chemical deposition.
- the power supply for plasma enhanced chemical deposition may include, but is not limited to, at least one of very high frequency (VHF) and radio frequency (RF).
- VHF very high frequency
- RF radio frequency
- the power supply for plasma enhanced chemical deposition may be very high frequency (VHF), which can improve the crystallinity of the film layer, reduce film formation defects, etc.
- the power supply for plasma enhanced chemical deposition of the first passivation layer 21 and the second passivation layer 31 may be radio frequency (RF).
- FIG9 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell 100 according to another embodiment of the present application, including:
- S201 depositing a first seed layer 22, a first emission layer 23, and a first electrode layer 24 in sequence on the surface of the silicon substrate 10 to obtain a first film layer 20, wherein the first seed layer 22 is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10, and the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23 is greater than the crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22;
- a second seed layer 32, a second emission layer 33 and a second electrode layer 34 are sequentially deposited on the surface of the first seed layer 22 away from the silicon substrate 10 to obtain a second film layer.
- the second seed layer 32 is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10.
- the crystallization rate of the second emission layer 33 is greater than the crystallization rate of the second seed layer 32, and a solar cell 100 is produced.
- the deposition temperature of the first seed layer 22 is 200°C-210°C.
- the deposition temperature of the first seed layer 22 may be, but is not limited to, 200°C, 202°C, 204°C, 206°C, 208°C, or 210°C.
- the deposition temperature of the first seed layer 22 may be 200°C-204°C.
- the deposition temperature of the first seed layer 22 may be 202°C-210°C.
- the deposition pressure of the first seed layer 22 is 2 mbar-4 mbar.
- the deposition pressure of the first seed layer may be, but is not limited to, 2 mbar, 2.2 mbar, 2.5 mbar, 2.8 mbar, 3 mbar, 3.5 mbar, or 4 mbar.
- the deposition pressure of the first seed layer 22 may be 2 mbar-3.5 mbar.
- the deposition pressure of the first seed layer 22 may be 3 mbar-4 mbar.
- the deposition power of the first seed layer 22 is 660W/ m2-1330W / m2 .
- the deposition power of the first seed layer 22 may be, but is not limited to, 660W/ m2 , 700W/ m2 , 800W/ m2 , 900W/ m2 , 1000W/ m2 , 1100W/ m2 , 1200W/ m2 , or 1330W/ m2 .
- the deposition power of the first seed layer 22 may be 660W/ m2-900W / m2 .
- the deposition power of the first seed layer 22 may be 800W/ m2-1330W / m2 .
- the hydrogen flow rate is 10,000 sccm-12,000 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate may be, but is not limited to, 10,000 sccm, 10,500 sccm, 11,000 sccm, 11,500 sccm, or 12,000 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate when the first seed layer 22 is deposited, may be 10,000 sccm-11,500 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate when the first seed layer 22 is deposited, the hydrogen flow rate may be 11,500 sccm-12,000 sccm.
- the silane flow rate when the first seed layer 22 is deposited, is 20 sccm-40 sccm. Specifically, the silane flow rate may be, but is not limited to, 20 sccm, 25 sccm, 30 sccm, 35 sccm, or 40 sccm. In one embodiment of the present application, when the first seed layer 22 is deposited, the silane flow rate may be 20 sccm-35 sccm. In another embodiment of the present application, when the first seed layer 22 is deposited, the silane flow rate may be 25 sccm-40 sccm.
- the flow rate of the phosphine-hydrogen mixture when the first seed layer 22 is deposited, is 50 sccm-100 sccm.
- the flow rate of the phosphine gas is 1 sccm-2 ccm, and the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is 48 sccm-99 ccm.
- the flow rate of the phosphine-hydrogen mixture may be, but is not limited to, 50 sccm, 60 sccm, 70 sccm, 80 sccm, 90 sccm or 100 sccm, etc.
- the flow rate of the phosphine-hydrogen mixture when the first seed layer 22 is deposited, may be 50 sccm-80 sccm. In another embodiment of the present application, when the first seed layer 22 is deposited, the flow rate of the phosphine-hydrogen mixture may be 65 sccm-100 sccm. In one embodiment of the present application, when the first seed layer 22 is deposited, the flow doping ratio of phosphine and silane is 2%-10%. Specifically, the flow rate doping ratio of phosphine and silane can be, but is not limited to, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, or 10%.
- the flow rate doping ratio of phosphine and silane during the deposition of the first seed layer 22 can be 2%-5%. In another embodiment of the present application, the flow rate doping ratio of phosphine and silane during the deposition of the first seed layer 22 can be 4%-10%.
- the deposition temperature of the first emission layer 23 is 200°C-210°C.
- the deposition temperature of the first emission layer 23 may be, but is not limited to, 200°C, 202°C, 204°C, 206°C, 208°C, or 210°C.
- the deposition temperature of the first emission layer 23 may be 200°C-204°C.
- the deposition temperature of the first emission layer 23 may be 202°C-210°C.
- the deposition pressure of the first emission layer 23 is 2mbar-4mbar.
- the deposition pressure of the first emission layer 23 may be, but is not limited to, 2mbar, 2.2mbar, 2.5mbar, 2.8mbar, 3mbar, 3.5mbar, or 4mbar. In one embodiment of the present application, the deposition pressure of the first emission layer 23 may be 2mbar-3.5mbar. In another embodiment of the present application, the deposition pressure of the first emission layer 23 may be 3 mbar-4 mbar. In one embodiment of the present application, the deposition power of the first emission layer 23 is 1330 W/m2-2000 W/ m2 .
- the deposition power of the first emission layer 23 may be, but is not limited to, 1330 W/ m2 , 1400 W/ m2 , 1500 W/ m2 , 1600 W/ m2 , 1700 W/ m2 , 1800 W/ m2 , 1900 W/ m2 , or 2000 W/ m2 .
- the deposition power of the first emission layer may be 1330 W/m2-1600 W/ m2 .
- the deposition power of the first emission layer 23 may be 1500 W/ m2-2000 W / m2 .
- the hydrogen flow rate when the first emission layer 23 is deposited, is 10,000 sccm-12,000 sccm. Specifically, the hydrogen flow rate may be, but is not limited to, 10,000 sccm, 10,500 sccm, 11,000 sccm, 11,500 sccm, or 12,000 sccm. In one embodiment of the present application, when the first emission layer 23 is deposited, the hydrogen flow rate may be 10,000 sccm-11,500 sccm. In another embodiment of the present application, when the first emission layer 23 is deposited, the hydrogen flow rate may be 11,500 sccm-12,000 sccm.
- the flow rate of the phosphine-hydrogen mixture when the first emission layer 23 is deposited, is 50 sccm-100 sccm.
- the flow rate of the phosphine gas is 1 sccm-2 ccm, and the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is 48 sccm-99 ccm.
- the flow rate of the phosphine-hydrogen mixture may be, but is not limited to, 50 sccm, 60 sccm, 70 sccm, 80 sccm, 90 sccm or 100 sccm, etc.
- the flow doping ratio of phosphine and silane when the first emission layer 23 is deposited, can be 2%-5%. In another embodiment of the present application, when the first emission layer 23 is deposited, the flow doping ratio of phosphine and silane can be 4%-10%.
- the deposition temperature of the second seed layer 32 is 160°C-180°C.
- the deposition temperature of the second seed layer 32 may be, but is not limited to, 160°C, 165°C, 170°C, 175°C, or 180°C.
- the deposition temperature of the second seed layer 32 may be 160°C-175°C.
- the deposition temperature of the second seed layer 32 may be 170°C-180°C.
- the deposition pressure of the second seed layer 32 is 2 mbar-2.5 mbar.
- the deposition pressure of the second seed layer 32 may be, but is not limited to, 2 mbar, 2.1 mbar, 2.2 mbar, 2.3 mbar, 2.4 mbar, or 2.5 mbar. In one embodiment of the present application, the deposition pressure of the second seed layer 32 may be 2 mbar-2.3 mbar. In another embodiment of the present application, the deposition pressure of the second seed layer 32 may be 2.2 mbar-2.5 mbar. In one embodiment of the present application, the deposition power of the second seed layer 32 is 996 W/m 2 -1662 W/m 2 .
- the deposition power of the second seed layer 32 may be, but is not limited to, 996 W/m 2 , 1000 W/m 2 , 1100 W/m 2 , 1200 W/m 2 , 1300 W/m 2 , 1400 W/m 2 , 1500 W/m 2 , or 1662 W/m 2 .
- the deposition power of the second seed layer 32 may be 996 W/m 2 -1262 W/m 2 .
- the deposition power of the second seed layer 32 may be 1100 W/m 2 -1662 W/m 2 .
- the hydrogen flow rate is 15,000 sccm -25,000 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate may be, but is not limited to, 15,000 sccm, 18,000 sccm, 19,000 sccm, 20,000 sccm, or 25,000 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate when the second seed layer 32 is deposited, may be 15,000 sccm-20,500 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate when the second seed layer 32 is deposited, the hydrogen flow rate may be 20,000 sccm-25,000 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture is 100 sccm-200 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane gas is 2 sccm-4 ccm
- the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is 96 sccm-198 ccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture can be, but is not limited to, 100 sccm, 130 sccm, 160 sccm, 170 sccm, 180 sccm, 190 sccm or 200 sccm, etc.
- the deposition temperature of the second emissive layer 33 is 160°C-180°C.
- the deposition temperature of the second emissive layer 33 may be, but is not limited to, 160°C, 165°C, 170°C, 175°C, or 180°C.
- the deposition temperature of the second emissive layer 33 may be 160°C-170°C.
- the deposition temperature of the second emissive layer 33 may be 165°C-180°C.
- the deposition pressure of the second emissive layer 33 is 1.5 mbar-2.2 mbar.
- the deposition power of the second emission layer 33 may be, but is not limited to, 1662 W/m 2 , 1700 W/m 2 , 1800 W/m 2 , 1900 W/m 2 , 2000 W/m 2 , 2200 W/m 2 , 2400 W/m 2 , or 2660 W/m 2.
- the deposition power of the second emission layer may be 1662 W/m 2 -2160 W/m 2.
- the deposition power of the second emission layer 33 may be 2200 W/m 2 -2660 W/m 2 .
- the hydrogen flow rate is 30,000 sccm-50,000 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate may be, but is not limited to, 30,000 sccm, 35,000 sccm, 40,000 sccm, 45,000 sccm, or 50,000 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate when the second emission layer 33 is deposited, may be 30,000 sccm-45,500 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate when the second emission layer 33 is deposited, may be 35,000 sccm-50,000 sccm.
- the silane flow rate is 30 sccm-160 sccm.
- the silane flow rate may be, but is not limited to, 30 sccm, 80 sccm, 90 sccm, 80 sccm, 90 sccm, or 100 sccm.
- the silane flow rate when the second emission layer 33 is deposited, may be 50 sccm-85 sccm.
- the silane flow rate when the second emission layer 33 is deposited, may be 65 sccm-100 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture is 20 sccm-30 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane gas is 0.4 sccm-0.6 ccm
- the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is 19.4 sccm-29.6 ccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture may be, but is not limited to, 20 sccm, 22 sccm, 24 sccm, 26 sccm, 28 sccm or 30 sccm, etc.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture when the second emission layer 33 is deposited, may be 20 sccm-26 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture can be 24 sccm-30 sccm.
- the flow doping ratio of diborane and silane is 0.3%-1%.
- the flow doping ratio of diborane and silane can be, but is not limited to, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9% or 1%.
- the flow doping ratio of diborane and silane can be 0.3%-0.6%.
- the flow doping ratio of diborane and silane can be 0.5%-1%.
- FIG10 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell 100 according to one embodiment of the present application, including:
- S301 depositing a first passivation layer 21, a first seed layer 22, a first emission layer 23, and a first electrode layer 24 in sequence on the surface of the silicon substrate 10 to obtain a first film layer 20, wherein the first passivation layer 21 is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10, and the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23 is greater than the crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22;
- a second passivation layer 31, a second seed layer 32, a second emission layer 33 and a second electrode layer 34 are sequentially deposited on a surface of the first passivation layer 21 facing away from the silicon substrate 10 to obtain a second film layer.
- the second passivation layer 31 is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10.
- the crystallization rate of the second emission layer 33 is greater than the crystallization rate of the second seed layer 32, and a solar cell 100 is manufactured.
- the deposition temperature of the first passivation layer 21 is 160°C-190°C.
- the deposition temperature of the first passivation layer 21 may be, but is not limited to, 160°C, 165°C, 170°C, 175°C, 180°C, 185°C, or 190°C.
- the deposition temperature of the first passivation layer 21 may be 160°C-180°C.
- the deposition temperature of the first passivation layer 21 may be 170°C-190°C.
- the deposition pressure of the first passivation layer 21 is 0.5 mbar-1.5 mbar.
- the deposition pressure of the first passivation layer 21 may be, but is not limited to, 0.5 mbar, 0.8 mbar, 0.9 mbar, 1 mbar, 1.2 mbar, 1.4 mbar, or 1.5 mbar. In one embodiment of the present application, the deposition pressure of the first passivation layer 21 may be 0.5 mbar-1 mbar. In another embodiment of the present application, the deposition pressure of the first passivation layer 21 may be 0.8 mbar-1.5 mbar. In one embodiment of the present application, the deposition power of the first passivation layer 21 is 166 W/m 2 -664 W/m 2 .
- FIG11 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell 100 according to another embodiment of the present application, including:
- the deposition pressure of the second transition layer 35 may be, but is not limited to, 2 mbar, 2.2 mbar, 2.5 mbar, 2.8 mbar, 3 mbar, 3.5 mbar, or 4 mbar. In one embodiment of the present application, the deposition pressure of the second transition layer 35 may be 2 mbar-3.5 mbar. In another embodiment of the present application, the deposition pressure of the second transition layer 35 may be 3 mbar-4 mbar. In one embodiment of the present application, during the deposition of the second transition layer 35, the hydrogen flow rate is 30,000 sccm-50,000 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate may be, but is not limited to, 30,000 sccm, 35,000 sccm, 40,000 sccm, 45,000 sccm, or 50,000 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate may be 30,000 sccm-45,500 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate may be 35,000 sccm-50,000 sccm.
- the silane flow rate is 30 sccm-160 sccm.
- the silane flow rate can be, but is not limited to, 30 sccm, 80 sccm, 90 sccm, 80 sccm, 90 sccm, or 100 sccm.
- the silane flow rate can be 50 sccm-85 sccm.
- the silane flow rate can be 65 sccm-100 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture is 200 sccm-300 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane gas is 4 sccm-6 ccm, and the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is 194 sccm-296 ccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture can be, but is not limited to, 200 sccm, 220 sccm, 240 sccm, 260 sccm, 280 sccm, or 300 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture gas during the deposition of the second transition layer 35 may be 200 sccm-260 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture gas during the deposition of the second transition layer 35 may be 240 sccm-300 sccm.
- FIG12 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell 100 according to another embodiment of the present application, including:
- S501 depositing a first passivation layer 21, a first seed layer 22, a first emitter layer 23, a first transition layer 25, and a first electrode layer 24 in sequence on the surface of the silicon substrate 10 to obtain a first film layer 20, wherein the first passivation layer 21 is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10, and the crystallization rate of the first emitter layer 23 is greater than the crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22;
- a second passivation layer 31, a second seed layer 32, a second emission layer 33, a second transition layer 35, a buffer layer 36 and a second electrode layer 34 are sequentially deposited on a surface facing away from the silicon substrate 10 to obtain a second film layer.
- the second passivation layer 31 is connected to the surface of the silicon substrate 10.
- the crystallization rate of the second emission layer 33 is greater than the crystallization rate of the second seed layer 32, and a solar cell 100 is manufactured.
- a buffer layer 36 is deposited on the surface of the second transition layer 35 to improve contact between the upper and lower film layers, thereby increasing short-circuit current and fill factor.
- the buffer layer 36 protects the second transition layer 35, preventing damage from the second electrode layer 34.
- the deposition temperature of the buffer layer 36 is 160°C-180°C.
- the deposition temperature of the buffer layer 36 may be, but is not limited to, 160°C, 165°C, 170°C, 175°C, or 180°C.
- the deposition temperature of the buffer layer 36 may be 160°C-170°C.
- the deposition temperature of the buffer layer 36 may be 165°C-180°C.
- the deposition pressure of the buffer layer 36 is 0.3 mbar-1 mbar.
- the deposition pressure of the buffer layer 36 may be, but is not limited to, 0.3 mbar, 0.4 mbar, 0.5 mbar, 0.6 mbar, 0.7 mbar, 0.8 mbar, or 1 mbar. In one embodiment of the present application, the deposition pressure of the buffer layer 36 may be 0.3 mbar-0.8 mbar. In another embodiment of the present application, the deposition pressure of the buffer layer 36 may be 0.5 mbar-1 mbar. In one embodiment of the present application, the deposition power of the buffer layer 36 is 332 W/m 2 -664 W/m 2 .
- the deposition power of the buffer layer 36 may be, but is not limited to, 332 W/m 2 , 350 W/m 2 , 400 W/m 2 , 450 W/m 2 , 500 W/m 2 , 550 W/m 2 , 600 W/m 2 , or 664 W/m 2 .
- the deposition power of the buffer layer 36 may be 332 W/m 2 -500 W/m 2 .
- the deposition power of the buffer layer 36 may be 450 W/m 2 -664 W/m 2 .
- the carbon dioxide flow rate is 100 sccm -200 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate may be, but is not limited to, 100 sccm, 120 sccm, 150 sccm, 180 sccm, or 200 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate when the buffer layer 36 is deposited, may be 100 sccm-155 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate may be 120 sccm-200 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate when the buffer layer 36 is deposited, may be 300 sccm-500 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate may be, but is not limited to, 300 sccm, 350 sccm, 400 sccm, 450 sccm, or 500 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate when the buffer layer 36 is deposited, may be 300 sccm-455 sccm.
- the hydrogen flow rate may be 350 sccm-500 sccm.
- the silane flow rate when the buffer layer 36 is deposited, is 100 sccm-200 sccm.
- the silane flow rate may be, but is not limited to, 100 sccm, 120 sccm, 140 sccm, 160 sccm, 180 sccm, or 200 sccm.
- the silane flow rate when the buffer layer 36 is deposited, may be 100 sccm-165 sccm.
- the silane flow rate when the buffer layer 36 is deposited, may be 140 ccm-200 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture is 400 sccm-600 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane gas is 8 sccm-12 ccm, and the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is 388 sccm-592 ccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture gas may be, but is not limited to, 400 sccm, 420 sccm, 450 sccm, 500 sccm, 550 sccm, or 600 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture gas may be 400 sccm-560 sccm.
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture gas may be 500 sccm-600 sccm.
- hydrogen plasma treatment is also included before forming the first seed layer 22, the first emission layer 23, the first transition layer 25, the second passivation layer 31, the second seed layer 32, the second emission layer 33, the second transition layer 35, and the buffer layer 36 and/or after the buffer layer 36, which can improve the crystallization rate and growth defects of each film layer.
- the first passivation layer 21 is not treated with hydrogen plasma, and the silicon oxide formed by natural oxidation on the surface of the first passivation layer 21 is retained, which is beneficial to the transmission of carriers and electrons and is beneficial to improving the carrier transmission efficiency.
- hydrogen plasma treatment is also included, using a large amount of hydrogen plasma to compensate for the dangling bonds of the surface silicon in the second emission layer 33, while providing a hydrogen-rich environment for the second transition layer 35 to reduce the possibility of film explosion.
- the pressure of the hydrogen plasma treatment is 0.5 mbar-1.5 mbar.
- the pressure of the hydrogen plasma treatment may be, but is not limited to, 0.5 mbar, 1 mbar, 1.3 mbar, 1.35 mbar, 1.4 mbar, or 1.5 mbar.
- the pressure of the hydrogen plasma treatment before the first seed layer 22 is formed, may be 1.2 mbar-1.5 mbar.
- the pressure of the hydrogen plasma treatment before the second seed layer 32 is formed, the pressure of the hydrogen plasma treatment may be 0.5 mbar-1 mbar.
- the power of the hydrogen plasma treatment is 119 W/m 2 -332 W/m 2 .
- the power of the hydrogen plasma treatment may be, but is not limited to, 119 W/m 2 , 150 W/m 2 , 180 W/m 2 , 200 W/m 2 , 220 W/m 2 , 280 W/m 2 , 290 W/m 2 , 300 W/m 2 , or 332 W/m 2 .
- the power of the hydrogen plasma treatment may be 119 W/m 2 -220 W/m 2 .
- the power of the hydrogen plasma treatment may be 210 W/m 2 -332 W/m 2 .
- the duration of the hydrogen plasma treatment is 8 s -40 s.
- the present application also provides an electrical device, comprising the solar cell provided by any one of the above embodiments.
- the electrical device provided by the present application has excellent comprehensive performance and high photoelectric conversion efficiency, thereby improving the market competitiveness of the electrical device.
- a plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) process was performed on both sides of an N-type silicon substrate 10 using a 13.56 MHz RF power supply.
- the deposition temperature was 190°C
- the pressure was 1.2 mbar
- the power was 531 W/ m2
- the silane flow rate was 160 sccm
- the hydrogen flow rate was 1600 sccm.
- the first passivation layer 21 was made of amorphous silicon and had a thickness of 7.5 nm.
- the second passivation layer 31 was also made of amorphous silicon and had a thickness of 13 nm.
- the first passivation layer 21 is subjected to carbon dioxide plasma treatment using a VHF power supply with a frequency of 40 MHz.
- the carbon dioxide flow rate is 160 sccm
- the pressure is 0.7 mbar
- the power is 106 W/m 2
- the time is 10 s
- the temperature is 205°C.
- a first seed layer 22 was deposited on the surface of the first passivation layer 21 after carbon dioxide plasma treatment using a 40 MHz VHF power supply.
- the deposition temperature was 210°C
- the pressure was 3 mbar
- the power was 664 W/ m2
- the hydrogen flow rate was 11,000 sccm
- the silane flow rate was 25 sccm
- the phosphine-hydrogen mixture flow rate was 50 sccm.
- the phosphine/silane doping ratio was controlled at 4%.
- the first seed layer 22 was made of phosphorus-doped microcrystalline silicon, with a crystallinity of approximately 0.3 and a thickness of 3 nm.
- the phosphorus-to-silicon doping molar ratio was 1:25.
- the surface of the first seed layer 22 is treated with hydrogen plasma using a VHF power supply with a frequency of 40 MHz.
- the hydrogen flow rate is 1600 sccm
- the pressure is 0.7 mbar
- the power is 249 W/m 2
- the time is 30 s.
- a first emitter layer 23 was deposited on the surface of the first seed layer 22 using a 40 MHz VHF power supply.
- the deposition temperature was 200°C
- the pressure was 3 mbar
- the power was 1661 W/ m2
- the hydrogen flow rate was 11,000 sccm
- the silane flow rate was 66 sccm
- the phosphine-hydrogen mixture flow rate was 180 sccm.
- the phosphine/silane doping ratio was controlled at 5.4%.
- the first emitter layer 23 was made of phosphorus-doped microcrystalline silicon oxide, with a crystallinity of approximately 0.45 and a thickness of 15 nm.
- the phosphorus-to-silicon doping molar ratio was 1:18.
- the surface of the first emission layer 23 is subjected to hydrogen plasma treatment using a VHF power supply with a frequency of 40 MHz.
- the hydrogen flow rate is 1600.0 sccm
- the pressure is 0.7 mbar
- the power is 249 W/m 2
- the time is 30 s.
- a first transition layer 25 was deposited on the surface of the first emissive layer 23 using a 40 MHz VHF power supply.
- the deposition temperature was 200°C
- the pressure was 1 mbar
- the power was 664 W/ m2
- the hydrogen flow rate was 11,000 sccm
- the silane flow rate was 66 sccm
- the phosphine-hydrogen mixture flow rate was 264 sccm.
- the phosphine/silane doping ratio was controlled at 8%.
- the first transition layer 25 was made of phosphorus-doped microcrystalline silicon, had a thickness of 2 nm, and a phosphorus-to-silicon doping molar ratio of 1:12.5.
- the surface of the second passivation layer 31 is subjected to hydrogen plasma treatment using a VHF power supply with a frequency of 40 MHz.
- the hydrogen flow rate is 2400 sccm
- the pressure is 0.7 mbar
- the power is 249 W/m 2
- the time is 30 s.
- the second passivation layer 31 after hydrogen treatment is subjected to carbon dioxide plasma treatment using a 40 MHz VHF power supply.
- the carbon dioxide flow rate is 720 sccm
- the pressure is 0.7 mbar
- the power is 106 W/m 2
- the time is 10 s
- the temperature is 200°C.
- a second seed layer 32 was deposited on the surface of the second passivation layer 31 after carbon dioxide plasma treatment using a 40 MHz VHF power supply.
- the deposition temperature was 170°C
- the pressure was 2.25 mbar
- the power was 2259 W/ m2
- the hydrogen flow rate was 20,000 sccm
- the silane flow rate was 40 sccm
- the flow rate of the diborane-hydrogen mixture was 100-200 sccm.
- the diborane/silane doping ratio was controlled at 7%.
- the second seed layer 32 was made of boron-doped microcrystalline silicon, had a crystallinity of approximately 0.35, a thickness of 1-3 nm, and a boron-to-silicon molar ratio of 1:7.
- the surface of the second seed layer 32 is treated with hydrogen plasma using a VHF power supply with a frequency of 40 MHz.
- the hydrogen flow rate is 2400 sccm
- the pressure is 0.7 mbar
- the power is 249 W/m 2
- the time is 30 s.
- a second emitter layer 33 was deposited on the surface of the second seed layer 32 using a 40 MHz VHF power supply.
- the deposition temperature was 170°C
- the pressure was 3.7 mbar
- the power was 2658 W/ m2
- the hydrogen flow rate was 40,200 sccm
- the silane flow rate was 120 sccm
- the diborane-hydrogen mixture flow rate was 20 sccm.
- the diborane/silane doping ratio was controlled at 0.33%.
- the second emitter layer 33 was made of boron-doped microcrystalline silicon, had a crystallinity of approximately 0.5, a film thickness of 25 nm, and a boron-to-silicon molar ratio of 1:150.
- the surface of the second emission layer 33 is subjected to hydrogen plasma treatment using a VHF power supply with a frequency of 40 MHz.
- the hydrogen flow rate is 2400 sccm
- the pressure is 0.7 mbar
- the power is 249 W/m 2
- the time is 30 s.
- a second transition layer 35 was deposited on the surface of the second emissive layer 33 using a 40 MHz VHF power supply.
- the deposition temperature was 170°C
- the pressure was 3.5 mbar
- the power was 3987 W/ m2
- the hydrogen flow rate was 40,200 sccm
- the silane flow rate was 200 sccm
- the diborane-hydrogen mixture flow rate was 300 sccm.
- the diborane-silane flow rate was controlled to maintain a doping ratio of 3%.
- the second transition layer 35 was made of boron-doped microcrystalline silicon, had a thickness of 5-6 nm, and a boron-to-silicon molar ratio of 2:33.
- the surface of the second transition layer 35 is subjected to hydrogen plasma treatment using a VHF power supply with a frequency of 40 MHz.
- the hydrogen flow rate is 2400 sccm
- the pressure is 0.7 mbar
- the power is 249 W/m 2
- the time is 30 s.
- a buffer layer 36 was deposited on the surface of the second transition layer 35 using a 40 MHz VHF power supply.
- the deposition temperature was 170°C
- the pressure was 0.5 mbar
- the power was 531 W/ m2
- the hydrogen flow rate was 675 sccm
- the silane flow rate was 150 sccm
- the carbon dioxide flow rate was 50 sccm
- the diborane-hydrogen mixture flow rate was 500 sccm.
- the diborane/silane doping ratio was controlled at 6%.
- the buffer layer 36 was made of boron-doped amorphous silicon oxide, had a thickness of 1-2 nm, and a boron-to-silicon molar ratio of 2:15.
- the surface of the buffer layer 36 is subjected to hydrogen plasma treatment using a VHF power supply with a frequency of 40 MHz.
- the hydrogen flow rate is 2400 sccm
- the pressure is 0.7 mbar
- the power is 249 W/m 2
- the time is 30 s.
- a first transparent conductive layer 241 is formed on the surface of the first transition layer 25 by physical vapor deposition.
- the thickness of the first transparent conductive layer 241 is 90 nm. Then, the first electrode is screen-printed.
- a second transparent conductive layer 341 is formed on the surface of the buffer layer 36 by physical vapor deposition.
- the thickness of the second transparent conductive layer 341 is 110 nm.
- a second electrode is screen-printed to obtain the solar cell 100 .
- the second seed layer 32 is made of microcrystalline silicon oxide doped with boron.
- the second seed layer 32 is made of intrinsic microcrystalline silicon oxide.
- the buffer layer 36 is made of amorphous silicon doped with boron.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the buffer layer 36 is not provided.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the doping ratio of phosphine to silane in the first seed layer 22 , the first emission layer 23 and the first transition layer 25 is the same, and the doping molar ratio of phosphorus to silicon is 1:25.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the first transition layer 25 and the second transition layer 35 are not provided.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22 is 0.3, and the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23 is 0.7.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22 is 0.6, and the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23 is 0.7.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the material of the first seed layer 22 is microcrystalline silicon carbide.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the doping molar ratio of phosphorus to silicon in the first seed layer 22 is 1:10, and the doping molar ratio of boron to silicon in the second seed layer 32 is 1:15.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the first passivation layer 21 and the second passivation layer 31 are not subjected to carbon dioxide plasma treatment, the crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22 is 0.2, and the crystallization rate of the second seed layer 32 is 0.2.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the crystallization rate of the first seed layer 22 is 0.2, the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23 is 0.8, the crystallization rate of the second seed layer 32 is 0.8, and the crystallization rate of the second emission layer 33 is 0.8.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the first seed layer 22, the second seed layer 32, the first transition layer 25, the second transition layer 35 and the buffer layer 36 are not present, the first passivation layer 21 and the second passivation layer 31 are not treated with carbon dioxide plasma, the materials of the first emission layer 23 and the second emission layer 33 are both amorphous silicon, the crystallization rate of the first emission layer 23' and the second emission layer' does not change, and the crystallization rate is below 0.1.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the first seed layer 22 and the first emission layer 23 have the same crystallization rate, and the second seed layer 32 and the second emission layer 33 have the same crystallization rate.
- Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the first emission layer 23' and the second emission layer' do not include the first doping element and the second doping element.
- the open circuit voltage (U oc ) reflects the voltage that can be generated by the solar cell 100 in the open circuit state, which is generally the theoretical maximum voltage of the battery; the short circuit current (I sc ) reflects the current that the solar cell 100 can generate under no-load conditions, generally the theoretical maximum current of the battery;
- Fill factor (FF) is the ratio of the power output to the product of the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current when the battery has maximum output power. Under the condition of fixed open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, the higher the fill factor, the higher the battery conversion efficiency; Photoelectric conversion efficiency (Eta) is the ratio of the output power of the solar cell 100 to the incident solar power under the corresponding conditions (Formula 1).
- the data obtained from the photovoltaic current-voltage characteristic test is normalized.
- the normalization formula is:
- FIG13 is a surface morphology diagram of the solar cell 100 after coating provided in Example 1 of the present application
- FIG14 is a surface morphology diagram of the solar cell 100 after coating provided in Comparative Example 1 of the present application
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 use the same coating method, and uneven particles/powder can be seen on the surface through the naked eye or a microscope, resulting in a film burst phenomenon.
- the presence of doping elements and the formation of a gradient in the molar ratio of doping elements to silicon in the solar cell 100 can reduce interface defects and contact resistance in the solar cell 100, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the solar cell 100.
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
一种太阳能电池片及其制备方法和应用,第一膜层包括第一发射层和第一电极层,第一发射层与硅衬底表面连接,靠近第一电极层一侧的晶化率大于靠近硅衬底一侧的晶化率;和/或第二膜层包括第二发射层和第二电极层;第二发射层与硅衬底表面连接,靠近第二电极层一侧的晶化率大于靠近硅衬底一侧的晶化率。
Description
本申请要求在2024年03月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202410389110.5、发明名称为“太阳能电池片及其制备方法和应用”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及电池领域,具体涉及太阳能电池片及其制备方法和应用。
太阳能电池片具有高开压、双面率高、转换效率好和工序简单等优势被广泛关注。相关技术中,在太阳能电池片制备过程中,掺杂元素的加入会影响太阳能电池片中膜层的结晶质量,膜层易发生膜裂,也会影响太阳能电池片的光电性能。因此,需要研发一种结构可靠性佳、光电转换效率高的太阳能电池片。
鉴于此,本申请提供了一种太阳能电池片及其制备方法及应用,该太阳能电池片中膜层的结晶质量适宜,爆膜现象发生概率低,整体结构的可靠性高;同时太阳能电池片中各膜层收集载流子的能力强,能够改善太阳能电池片的光电性能,提高太阳能电池片的光电转化效率,有利于太阳能电池片的广泛应用。
第一方面,本申请提供了一种太阳能电池片,所述太阳能电池片包括硅衬底、设置在所述硅衬底表面的第一膜层以及设置在所述硅衬底背离所述第一膜层的一侧表面的第二膜层;
沿所述硅衬底至所述第一膜层的方向上,所述第一膜层包括层叠第一发射层和第一电极层,所述第一发射层与所述硅衬底表面连接,所述第一发射层靠近所述第一电极层一侧的晶化率大于所述第一发射层靠近所述硅衬底一侧的晶化率;和/或
沿所述硅衬底至所述第二膜层的方向上,所述第二膜层包括层叠设置第二发射层和第二电极层,所述第二发射层与所述硅衬底表面连接,所述第二发射层靠近所述第二电极层一侧的晶化率大于所述第二发射层靠近所述硅衬底一侧的晶化率;
所述第一发射层具有第一掺杂元素,所述第二发射层具有第二掺杂元素,所述硅衬底具有所述第一掺杂元素或所述第二掺杂元素,所述第一掺杂元素与所述第二掺杂元素不同。
可选的,沿所述硅衬底至所述第一膜层的方向上,所述第一发射层包括依次层叠设置的第一种子层和第一发射本层,所述第一种子层与所述硅衬底表面连接,所述第一发射本层与所述第一电极层连接,所述第一种子层的晶化率为0.3-0.6,所述第一发射本层的晶化率大于所述第一种子层的晶化率;和/或
沿所述硅衬底至所述第二膜层的方向上,第二发射层包括依次层叠设置的第二种子层和第二发射本层,所述第二种子层与所述硅衬底表面连接,所述第二发射本层与所述第二电极层连接,所述第二种子层的晶化率为0.3-0.6,所述第二发射本层的晶化率大于所述第二种子层的晶化率。
可选的,所述第一发射本层的晶化率为0.4-0.7。
可选的,所述第一种子层的材质包括含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种。
可选的,所述第一发射本层的材质包括含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种。
可选的,所述第二发射本层的晶化率为0.4-0.7。
可选的,所述第二种子层的材质包括微晶硅、微晶氧化硅、微晶碳化硅、含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种。
可选的,所述第二发射本层的材质包括含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种。
可选的,所述第二种子层具有所述第二掺杂元素时,所述第二种子层中所述第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比大于所述第一种子层中所述第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比。
可选的,所述第一发射本层中所述第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比大于所述第一种子层中所述第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比。
可选的,所述硅衬底和所述第一发射层之间还包括第一钝化层,和/或所述硅衬底和所述第二发射层之间还包括第二钝化层。
可选的,所述第一钝化层的材质包括非晶硅、非晶氧化硅和碳化硅中的至少一种,所述第二钝化层的材质包括非晶硅、非晶氧化硅和碳化硅中的至少一种。
可选的,所述第一膜层还包括设置在所述第一发射层和第一电极层之间的第一过渡层。
可选的,所述第一过渡层的材质包括含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅和含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅中的至少一种。
可选的,所述第二膜层还包括设置在所述第二发射层和所述第二电极层之间的第二过渡层。
可选的,所述第二膜层还包括设置在所述第二发射层和所述第二电极层之间的第二过渡层和缓冲层,所述第二过渡层设置在所述第二发射层和所述缓冲层之间。
可选的,所述第二过渡层的材质包括含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅和含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅中的至少一种。
可选的,所述第二膜层还包括设置在所述第二发射层和所述第二电极层之间的缓冲层。
可选的,所述缓冲层的材质包括含所述第二掺杂元素的非晶硅和含所述第二掺杂元素的非晶氧化硅中的至少一种。
可选的,所述第二种子层具有所述第二掺杂元素时,所述第二种子层中所述第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比大于所述第一种子层中所述第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比。
可选的,所述第一发射层中所述第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比大于所述第一种子层中所述第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比。
可选的,所述太阳能电池片的光电转化效率大于25%。
本申请提供的太阳能电池片中第一发射层和/或第二发射层中晶化率变化,使得硅衬底、第一发射层与第一电极和/或硅衬底、第二发射层与第二电极膜层间匹配性更高,可以有效避免爆膜现象,太阳能电池片结构稳定性好,同时还提高了载流子收集能力,有助于提升太阳能电池片的光电转化效率,有利于太阳能电池片的广泛应用。
第二方面,本申请提供了一种太阳能电池片的制备方法,包括:
在硅衬底上沉积形成第一膜层和第二膜层,得到太阳能电池片;所述太阳能电池片包括硅衬底、设置在所述硅衬底表面的第一膜层以及设置在所述硅衬底背离所述第一膜层的一侧表面的第二膜层;沿所述硅衬底至所述第一膜层的方向上,所述第一膜层包括依次层叠第一发射层和第一电极层,所述第一发射层与所述硅衬底表面连接,所述第一发射层靠近所述第一电极层一侧的晶化率大于所述第一发射层靠近所述硅衬底一侧的晶化率;和/或沿所述硅衬底至所述第二膜层的方向上,所述第二膜层包括依次层叠设置第二发射层和第二电极层,所述第二发射层与所述硅衬底表面连接,所述第二发射层靠近所述第二电极层一侧的晶化率大于所述第二发射层靠近所述硅衬底一侧的晶化率;所述第一发射层具有第一掺杂元素,所述第二发射层具有第二掺杂元素,所述硅衬底具有所述第一掺杂元素或所述第二掺杂元素,所述第一掺杂元素与所述第二掺杂元素不同。
可选的,在制备所述第一发射层和/或第二发射层之前还包括二氧化碳等离子体处理。
可选的,所述二氧化碳等离子体处理中二氧化碳流量为50sccm-200sccm,所述二氧化碳等离子体处理的时间为5s-15s,所述二氧化碳等离子处理的功率为66W/m2-200W/m2。
本申请提供的太阳能电池片的制备方法新颖,制备流程简单,可以制备综合性能优异的太阳能电池片。
第三方面,本申请提供了一种太阳能电池,所述太阳能电池包括第一方面所述的太阳能电池片或第二方面所述的制备方法制得的太阳能电池片。
本申请提供的太阳能电池光电转化效率高、使用安全性佳,有利于提高太阳能电池的应用。
第四方面,本申请提供了一种用电设备,所述用电设备包括第三方面所述的太阳能电池。
本申请提供的用电设备综合性能优异,光电利用率高,产品竞争力强。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的截面示意图。
图2为本申请另一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的截面示意图。
图3为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的截面示意图。
图4为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的截面示意图。
图5为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的截面示意图。
图6为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的截面示意图。
图7为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的截面示意图。
图8为本申请一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的制备流程图。
图9为本申请另一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的制备流程图。
图10为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的制备流程图。
图11为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的制备流程图。
图12为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片的制备流程图。
图13为本申请实施例1提供的太阳能电池片镀膜后的表面形貌图。
图14为本申请对比例1提供的太阳能电池片镀膜后的表面形貌图。
附图标记
100、太阳能电池片;10、硅衬底;20、第一膜层;21、第一钝化层;22、第一
种子层;23、第一发射本层;23’、第一发射层;24、第一电极层;241、第一透明导电层;242、第一金属电极;25、第一过渡层;30、第二膜层;31、第二钝化层;32、第二种子层;33、第二发射本层;33’、第二发射层;34、第二电极层;341、第二透明导电层;342、第二金属电极;35、第二过渡层;36、缓冲层。
100、太阳能电池片;10、硅衬底;20、第一膜层;21、第一钝化层;22、第一
种子层;23、第一发射本层;23’、第一发射层;24、第一电极层;241、第一透明导电层;242、第一金属电极;25、第一过渡层;30、第二膜层;31、第二钝化层;32、第二种子层;33、第二发射本层;33’、第二发射层;34、第二电极层;341、第二透明导电层;342、第二金属电极;35、第二过渡层;36、缓冲层。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
请参阅图1,为本申请一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的截面示意图,太阳能电池片100包括硅衬底10、设置在硅衬底10表面的第一膜层20以及设置在硅衬底10背离第一膜层20的一侧表面的第二膜层30;沿硅衬底10至第一膜层20的方向上,第一膜层20包括层叠第一发射层23’和第一电极层24,第一发射层23’与硅衬底10表面连接,第一发射层23’靠近第一电极层24一侧的晶化率大于第一发射层23’靠近硅衬底10一侧的晶化率;和/或沿硅衬底10至第二膜层30的方向上,第二膜层30包括依次层叠设置第二发射层’33’和第二电极层34,第二发射层33’与硅衬底10表面连接,第二发射层33’靠近第二电极层34一侧的晶化率大于第二发射层’33’靠近硅衬底10一侧的晶化率;第一发射层23’具有第一掺杂元素,第二发射层’33’具有第二掺杂元素,硅衬底10具有第一掺杂元素或第二掺杂元素,第一掺杂元素与第二掺杂元素不同。硅衬底10为光吸收区,可以增强太阳能电池片100的光吸收效率;硅衬底10至第一膜层20或第二膜层的方向上,第一发射层23’靠近第一电极层24一侧的晶化率大于第一发射层23’靠近硅衬底10一侧的晶化率,第二发射层’靠近第二电极层34一侧的晶化率大于第二发射层’靠近硅衬底10一侧的晶化率,可以缓解晶化率大幅度提高带来的氢原子激增,降低氢原子产生的膜层应力,减少爆膜现象的产生,有利于提高太阳能电池片100的结构稳定性、使用寿命和光电转化效率;第一电极层24和第二电极层34能提高太阳能电池片100的导电性,可实现高效光电转化。因此,本申请提供的太阳能电池片100结构稳定性好、光电转换效率好,有利于其使用。
在本申请中,硅衬底10为光吸收区,可以增强太阳能电池片100的光吸收效率。一些实施例中,硅衬底10的材质可以为单晶硅。
在本申请中,硅衬底10和第一发射层23’具有第一掺杂元素,第二发射层’具有第二掺杂元素;第一掺杂元素和第二掺杂元素中的一个可以为硼元素,另一个为磷元素。在本申请一实施方式中,硅衬底10和第一发射层23’具有第一掺杂元素,为第一掺杂类型;第二发射层’具有第二掺杂元素,为第二掺杂类型;第一掺杂类型和第二掺杂类型不同。具体的,第一掺杂类型和第二掺杂类型中的一个为N型掺杂,另一个为P型掺杂;其中N型掺杂指掺杂类型为N型且用于电子传输的半导体材料,例如:磷元素掺杂,P型掺杂指掺杂类型为P型且用于空穴传输的半导体材料,例如:硼元素掺杂。在本申请中,硅衬底10为光吸收区,提高太阳能电池片100的光吸收率,为后续膜层的设置提供支撑和生长环境,同时与膜层形成异质结,实现太阳能电池片100的光电转换。第一掺杂元素的不同使硅衬底10为不同类型的衬底。具体的,硅衬底10可以但不限于为N型硅衬底10或P型硅衬底10等。在本申请一实施方式中,硅衬底10可以为N型硅衬底10,可提升太阳能电池片100的光电转换效率,此时硅衬底10中第一掺杂元素为磷元素。在本申请一实施例中,硅衬底10为N型硅衬底10,第一膜层20为受光面,第一掺杂类型为N型掺杂,第一掺杂元素为磷元素;第二膜层为背光面,第二掺杂类型为P型掺杂,第二掺杂元素为硼元素。太阳能电池片100在本申请另一实施例中,硅衬底10为P型硅衬底10,第一膜层20为受光面,第一掺杂类型为P型掺杂,第一掺杂元素为硼元素;第二膜层为背光面,第二层掺杂类型为N型掺杂,第二掺杂元素为磷元素。
在本申请中,晶化率可以反应膜层中结晶态和非晶态的比例,晶化率越高,膜层结晶化越充分,结晶成分越多,晶化率越低,表明非晶成分越高。晶化率可由拉曼光谱测试仪测得,对薄膜的拉曼光谱进行高斯三峰拟合,得到薄膜的晶化率Xc,晶化率Xc通过如下公式计算:
其中,Ic为结晶硅,Ig为结晶硅晶界,Ia为非晶硅,I516.4为结晶硅的谱峰位置,I507.4为结晶硅晶界的谱峰位置,I485.3为非晶硅的谱峰位置。
在本申请中,结晶硅一般是以微晶结构存在,微晶是指非晶和多晶/单晶的混合态,是介于非晶和多晶/单晶之间的一种混合相无序材料,晶粒大小通常在几十到几百纳米。其中非晶是无晶粒状态,多晶/单晶是完全由晶界相隔的晶体颗粒构成,晶化率越高,状态越接近多晶/单晶;晶化率越低,越接近非晶态。
请参阅图2,为本申请另一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的截面示意图,其中,第一发射层23’包括依次层叠设置的第一种子层22和第一发射本层23,第一种子层22与硅衬底10表面连接,第一发射本层23与第一电极层24连接,第一种子层22的晶化率为0.3-0.6,第一发射本层23的晶化率第一种子层22的晶化率。第一种子层22控制在0.3-0.6之间,能减少爆膜现象的产生,有利于提高太阳能电池片100的结构稳定性、使用寿命和光电转化效率;第一发射本层23的晶化率大于第一种子层22的晶化率,太阳能电池片100中微晶结构越多,光透过率和载流子迁移率越高,可提高载流子的传输能力和光电转化效率。一些实施例中,当采用氢钝化工艺时,结晶结构越多,氢的钝化效果越明显,从而可进一步提高载流子的传输能力和光电转化效率。
请参阅图3,为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的截面示意图。其中,硅衬底10和第一发射层23’之间还包括第一钝化层21。在本申请一实施例中,第一钝化层21可以设置在第一种子层22与硅衬底10之间,第一钝化层21能降低界面缺陷对电池性能的影响,可以提升太阳能电池片100的稳定性。
在本申请中,第一种子层22为后续膜层提供了稳定的生长条件,保证了太阳能电池片100的结构稳定性。在本申请一实施方式中,第一钝化层21可以降低界面缺陷的影响,提高电池效率和稳定性。在本申请一实施方式中,第一钝化层21的材质包括非晶硅、非晶氧化硅和碳化硅中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,第一钝化层21的材质可以为非晶硅。在本申请另一实施例中,第一钝化层21的材质可以为碳化硅。在本申请一实施方式中,第一钝化层21的厚度为7nm-10nm,较薄的第一钝化层21可以提高载流子的传输速度。具体的,第一钝化层21的厚度可以但不限于为7nm、7.5nm、8nm、8.5nm、9nm、9.5nm或10nm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一钝化层21的厚度可以为7nm-8.5nm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一钝化层21的厚度可以为8nm-10nm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22的晶化率为0.3-0.6,能够减少杂质缺陷和爆膜现象的产生,从而避免载流子因杂质缺陷导致在深层能级中的复合、载流子数量减少的现象,提高太阳能电池片100的开路电压和短路电流,提升太阳能电池片100的光电转化效率。具体的,第一种子层22的晶化率可以但不限于为0.3、0.35、0.4、0.45、0.5、0.5或0.6等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22的晶化率可以为0.3-0.56。在本申请另一实施例中,第一种子层22的晶化率可以为0.5-0.6。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22的材质包括含第一掺杂元素的微晶硅、含第一掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含第一掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22的材质可以为含第一掺杂元素的微晶硅。在本申请另一实施例中,第一种子层22的材质可以为含第一掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅。在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22的厚度为3nm-5nm。具体的,第一种子层22的厚度可以但不限于为3nm、3.5nm、4nm、4.2nm、4.5nm、4.8nm或5nm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22的厚度可以为3nm-4.5nm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(20-25)。具体的,第一种子层22中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以但不限于为1:20、1:21、1:22、1:23、1:24或1:25等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(20-23)。在本申请另一实施例中,第一种子层22中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(22-25)。
在本申请中,第一发射本层23的大于第一种子层22的晶化率,第一发射本层23中较高的晶化率可以提高电导率和载流子迁移率,第一种子层22较低的晶化率可以减少后续镀膜产生的杂质缺陷,避免载流子在缺陷的深层能级的复合现象,提高太阳能电池片100的开路电压和短路电流;同时,晶化率越高,其氢含量越高,膜层结构越致密,氢原子产生的应力越大,第一种子层22在第一钝化层21和第一发射本层23中起过渡作用,平衡非晶材质的第一钝化层21和高晶化率的第一发射本层23的工艺匹配程度,缓解晶化率提升造成的氢含量激增,膜层应力增大,减少太阳能电池片100的爆膜现象。在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23的晶化率为0.4-0.7,平衡了太阳能电池片100的光学性能和电学性能,既能提高第一发射本层23上下膜层的工艺匹配度,又能提高电导率和载流子迁移率,提升太阳能电池片100的光电转化效率。具体的,第一发射本层23的晶化率可以但不限于为0.4、0.45、0.5、0.55、0.6、0.65或0.7等。在本申请一实施例中,第一发射本层23的晶化率可以为0.4-0.55。在本申请另一实施例中,第一发射本层23的晶化率可以为0.5-0.7。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23的材质包括含第一掺杂元素的微晶硅、含第一掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含第一掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,第一发射本层23的材质可以为含第一掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅,微晶氧化硅带隙宽,吸收光谱广,可以硅吸收更广频谱上的光子从而产生更多载流子。在本申请另一实施例中,第一发射本层23的材质可以为含第一掺杂元素的微晶硅。在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23的厚度为15nm-20nm。具体的,第一发射本层23的厚度可以但不限于为15nm、16nm、17nm、18nm、19nm或20nm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一发射本层23的厚度可以为15nm-18nm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一发射本层23的厚度可以为17nm-20nm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(16-19)具体的,第一发射本层23中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以但不限于为1:16、1:17、1:18或1:19等。在本申请一实施例中,第一发射本层23中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(16-18)。在本申请另一实施例中,第一发射本层23中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(17-19)。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比大于第一种子层22中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比。第一发射本层23和第一种子层22之间形成一个第一掺杂元素的浓度梯度,可以提高载流子迁移率,并使更多载流子沿着浓度梯度增大的方向(即电极方向)移动,提高太阳能电池片100的短路电流。请参阅图4,为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的截面示意图,其中第一膜层20还包括设置在第一发射本层23和第一电极层24之间的第一过渡层2525。第一过渡层25能提高载流子的数量,提高光电转换效率。在本申请一实施方式中,第一过渡层25的材质包括含第一掺杂元素的微晶硅、含第一掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅和含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,第一过渡层25的材质可以为含第一掺杂元素的微晶硅。在本申请一实施方式中,第一过渡层25的厚度为1nm-2nm。具体的,第一过渡层25的厚度可以但不限于为1nm、1.2nm、1.3nm、1.5nm、1.7nm、1.9nm或2nm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一过渡层25的厚度可以为1nm-1.6nm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一过渡层25的厚度可以为1.4nm-2nm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一过渡层25的第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(10-16)。具体的,第一过渡层25的第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以但不限于为1:10、1:11、1:12、1:13、1:14、1:15或1:16等。在本申请一实施例中,第一过渡层25的第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(10-14)。在本申请一实施例中,第一过渡层25的第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(12-16)。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22、第一发射本层23和第一过渡层25的第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比依次递增。如此在第一膜层20中形成了更大范围的第一掺杂元素的浓度梯度,进而得到了一个更高效的载流子浓度梯度,为空穴传输提高梯度导向,提高空穴载流子收集能力,载流子更容易被外层的第一电极层24所吸收,提升短路电流,进一步提高光电转化效率。
请参阅图5,为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的截面示意图,其中第一电极层24包括第一透明导电层241和第一金属电极242,第一透明导电层241设置在第一发射本层23和第一金属电极242之间。第一透明导电层241具有良好的光学透过性和导电性,可以提高太阳能电池片100的光利用率,提升太阳能电池片100的光电转化率。在本申请一实施方式中,第一金属电极242的材质可以但不限于包括金、银和铜中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,第一金属电极242的材质可以为银。在本申请一实施方式中,第一透明导电层241可以但不限于包括ITO(氧化铟锡)、AZO(锌铝氧化物)和IZO(铟锌氧化物)中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,第一透明导电层241可以为ITO(氧化铟锡)。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一透明导电层241的厚度为90nm-110nm,如此可以提高光利用率。具体的,第一透明导电层241的厚度可以但不限于为90nm、95nm、100nm、102nm、105nm或110nm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一透明导电层241的厚度可以为90nm-108nm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一透明导电层241的厚度可以为100nm-110nm。
在本申请一实施方式中,请参阅图2,其中,第二发射层’33’包括依次层叠设置的第二种子层32和第二发射本层33,第二种子层32与硅衬底10表面连接,第二发射本层33与第二电极层34连接,第二种子层32的晶化率为0.3-0.6,第二发射本层33的晶化率为0.4-0.7,第二发射本层33的晶化率大于第二种子层32的晶化率。第二种子层32的晶化率控制在0.3-0.6之间,能减少爆膜现象的产生,有利于提高太阳能电池片100的结构稳定性、使用寿命和光电转化效率;第二发射本层33的晶化率大于第二种子层32的晶化率,太阳能电池片100中微晶结构越多,可提高载流子的传输能力和光电转化效率。一些实施例中,当采用氢钝化工艺时,结晶结构越多,氢的钝化效果越明显,从而可进一步提高载流子的传输能力和光电转化效率。
在本申请一实施方式中,请参阅图3,其中,硅衬底10和第二发射层’33’之间还包括第二钝化层31。在本申请一实施例中,第二钝化层31可以设置在第二种子层32与硅衬底10之间,第二钝化层31能降低界面缺陷对电池性能的影响,可以提升太阳能电池片100的稳定性。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二钝化层31的材质包括非晶硅、非晶氧化硅和碳化硅中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,第二钝化层31的材质可以为非晶硅。在本申请另一实施例中,第二钝化层31的材质可以为碳化硅。在本申请一实施方式中,第二钝化层31的厚度为10nm-15nm。具体的,第二钝化层31的厚度可以但不限于为10nm、10.5nm、11nm、11.5nm、12m、13nm、14nm或15nm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二钝化层31的厚度可以为10nm-13.5nm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二钝化层31的厚度可以为12nm-15nm。
在本申请中,第二种子层32为后续膜层提供了稳定的生长条件。在本申请一实施方式中,第二种子层32的材质包括微晶硅、微晶氧化硅、微晶碳化硅、含第二掺杂元素的微晶硅、含第二掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含第二掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,第二种子层32为含第二掺杂元素的微晶硅,第二掺杂元素为硼元素;第二种子层32中可以包含大量的稳定的硼-硅化学键,硼-硅化学键不容易被光照分解,避免载流子复合,降低光电转换效率。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32中还可以包含硅-氢化学键和硼-氧化学键,硼-氧化学键能避免后续第二膜层的结晶形成。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32的材质可以为微晶硅,此时第二种子层32为本征态,能降低后续膜层的生长速率,降低后续第二膜层生长过程的结构缺陷数量,避免载流子与缺陷复合,降低载流子的数量。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二种子层32的晶化率为0.3-0.6,能够减少爆膜现象的产生和杂质缺陷,载流子数量增多,提高了太阳能电池片100的开路电压和短路电流,进一步提升太阳能电池片100的光电转化效率。具体的,第二种子层32的晶化率可以但不限于为0.3、0.35、0.4、0.45、0.5、0.5或0.6等。在本申请一实施例中,第二种子层32的晶化率可以为0.3-0.55。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32的晶化率可以为0.44-0.6。在本申请一实施方式中,第二种子层32的厚度为1nm-3nm。具体的,第二种子层32的厚度可以但不限于为1nm、1.5nm、2nm、2.2nm、2.5nm、2.8nm或3nm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二种子层32的厚度可以为1nm-2nm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32的厚度可以为1.5nm-3nm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二种子层32具有第二掺杂元素时,第二种子层32的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(13-14),第二种子层32具有较高的二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比,有利于提高第二发射层’中硼氧键的稳定性。具体的,第二种子层32的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以但不限于为1:13、1:13.2、1:13.5、1:13.6、1:13.8、1:13.9或1:14等。在本申请一实施例中,第二种子层32的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(13-13.6)。在本申请一实施例中,第二种子层32的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(13.4-14)。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二种子层32具有第二掺杂元素时,第二种子层32中第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比大于第一种子层22中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比。也就是说,第二种子层32中掺杂元素的含量大于第一种子层22中掺杂元素的含量,有利于减少爆膜现象的产生,提高太阳能电池片100的结构稳定性。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33的晶化率大于第二种子层32的晶化率,第二发射本层33中较高的晶化率可以提高电导率和载流子迁移率,第二种子层32较低的晶化率可以减少后续镀膜产生的杂质缺陷,减少载流子在缺陷的深层能级的复合现象,提高太阳能电池片100的开路电压和短路电流;同时,第二种子层32在第二钝化层31和第二发射本层33中起过渡作用,平衡非晶材质的第二钝化层31和高晶化率的第二发射本层33的工艺匹配程度,减少太阳能电池片100的爆膜现象。在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33的晶化率为0.4-0.7,能提高太阳能电池片100的光电转化效率。具体的,第二发射本层33的晶化率可以但不限于为0.4、0.45、0.5、0.55、0.6、0.65或0.7等。在本申请一实施例中,第二发射本层33的晶化率可以为0.4-0.55。在本申请另一实施例中,第二发射本层33的晶化率可以为0.5-0.7。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33的材质包括含第二掺杂元素的微晶硅、含第二掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含第二掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种。在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33的材质可以为含第二掺杂元素的微晶硅,减少了晶格缺陷数量,提高了载流子的数量,可以提高载流子(空穴)的传输速度,促进载流子向电极方向移动,能提高太阳能电池片100的光电转化效率。在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33的厚度为20nm-25nm。具体的,第二发射本层33的厚度可以但不限于为20nm、21nm、22nm、22.5nm、23nm、24nm或25nm。在本申请一实施例中,第二发射本层33的厚度可以为20nm-24nm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二发射本层33的厚度可以为23nm-25nm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(200-300)。具体的,第二发射本层33的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以但不限于为1:200、1:220、1:240、1:260、1:280或1:300等。在本申请一实施例中,第二发射本层33的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(200-270)。在本申请另一实施例中,第二发射本层33的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(240-300)。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33中第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比大于第二种子层32中第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比。第二发射本层33和第二种子层32之间形成一个第二掺杂元素的浓度梯度,可以促进载流子的收集率,加快载流子的移动,提高太阳能电池片100的短路电流。
在本申请一实施方式中,请参阅图4,第二膜层30还包括设置在第二发射本层33和第二电极层34之间的第二过渡层35。第二过渡层35能提高空穴载流子收集能力,提升载流子传输效率。在本申请一实施方式中,第二过渡层35的材质包括含第二掺杂元素的微晶硅、含第二掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅和含第二掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,第二过渡层35的材质可以为含第二掺杂元素的微晶硅,为空穴传输提供梯度导向,提高空穴载流子的收集能力。在本申请一实施例中,第二过渡层35的材质可以为含第二掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅。在本申请一实施方式中,第二过渡层35的厚度为5nm-6nm。具体的,第二过渡层35的厚度可以但不限于为5nm、5.2nm、5.4nm、5.6nm、5.8nm或6nm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二过渡层35的厚度可以为5nm-5.6nm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二过渡层35的厚度可以为5.2nm-6nm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二过渡层35的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(30-200)。具体的,第二过渡层35的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以但不限于为1:30、1:50、1:80、1:100、1:130、1:150、1:180或1:200等。在本申请一实施例中,第二过渡层35的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(30-120)。在本申请另一实施例中,第二过渡层35的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(100-200)。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二过渡层35中第二掺杂元素和硅元素的摩尔比大于第二发射本层33中第二掺杂元素和硅元素的摩尔比。第二膜层中,由于掺杂元素和硅元素的摩尔比逐渐增加,在第二过渡层35和第二发射本层33之间形成了一个第二掺杂元素的浓度梯度差,为空穴传输提高梯度导向,提高空穴载流子收集能力,提升太阳能电池片100的光电转化效率。
在本申请一实施方式中,请参阅图5,第二电极层34包括第二透明导电层341和第二金属电极342,第二透明导电层341设置在第二发射本层33和第二金属电极342之间。第二透明导电层341具有良好的光学透过性和导电性,可以提高太阳能电池片100的光利用率,提升太阳能电池片100的光电转化率。在本申请一实施方式中,第二金属电极342的材质可以但不限于包括金、银和铜中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,第二金属电极342的材质可以为银。在本申请一实施方式中,第二透明导电层341可以但不限于包括ITO(氧化铟锡)、AZO(锌铝氧化物)和IZO(铟锌氧化物)中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,第二透明导电层341可以为ITO(氧化铟锡)。
请参阅图6,为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的截面示意图,其中第二膜层30还包括设置在第二发射本层33和第二电极层34之间的缓冲层36。缓冲层36能改善第二发射本层33和第二电极层34的界面接触,提高载流子传输效率。在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36的材质包括含第二掺杂元素的非晶硅和含第二掺杂元素的非晶氧化硅中的至少一种。在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36的材质可以为含掺杂元素的非晶氧化硅。非晶氧化硅与第二电极层34的界面接触优于非晶硅与第二电极层34的界面接触,从而进一步提高太阳能电池片100的电学性能。在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36的厚度为1nm-2nm。具体的,缓冲层36的厚度可以但不限于为1nm、1.2nm、1.4nm、1.6nm、1.8nm或2nm等。在本申请一实施例中,缓冲层36的厚度可以为1nm-1.6nm。在本申请一实施例中,缓冲层36的厚度可以为1.4nm-2nm。
在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36中第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(10-30)。具体的,缓冲层36中第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以但不限于为1:10、1:15、1:18、1:20、1:25、1:27或1:30等。在本申请一实施例中,缓冲层36中第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(10-20)。在本申请另一实施例中吗,缓冲层36中第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比可以为1:(15-30)。
在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36中第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比大于第二发射本层33中第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比,构成一个第二掺杂元素的浓度梯度,有利于提高各膜层的载流子收集数量。
请参阅图7,为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的截面示意图,其中第二膜层30还包括第二过渡层35和缓冲层36,缓冲层36设置在第二过渡层35和第二电极层34之间。第二过渡层35能提高空穴载流子收集能力,提升载流子传输效率,缓冲层36能改善第二过渡层35和第二电极层34的界面接触,提升光电转换效率,防止第二电极层34对第二过渡层35的损伤,第二过渡层35和缓冲层36同时存在能进一步提升太阳能电池片100的光电转换效率,提高太阳能电池片100的结构稳定性。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33、第二过渡层35和缓冲层36中第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比逐渐增加,使得三层之间形成了一个载流子浓度梯度,载流子更容易被外层的第二电极层34所吸收,提升短路电流,进一步提高光电转化效率。
在本申请一实施方式中,太阳能电池片100的光电转化效率大于25%。具体的,太阳能电池片100的光电转化效率可以但不限于为大于25%、大于或等于25.2%、大于或等于25.3%、大于或等于25.4%、大于或等于25.5%、大于或等于25.8%、或大于或等于26%等。在本申请一实施例中,太阳能电池片100的光电转化效率大于或等于25.2%。
本申请还提供了一种太阳能电池片100的制备方法,包括:在硅衬底10上沉积形成第一膜层20和第二膜层,得到太阳能电池片100;包括硅衬底10、设置在硅衬底10表面的第一膜层20以及设置在硅衬底10背离第一膜层20的一侧表面的第二膜层;沿硅衬底10至第一膜层20的方向上,第一膜层20包括依次层叠第一发射层23’和第一电极层24,第一发射层23’与硅衬底10表面连接,第一发射层23’靠近第一电极层24一侧的晶化率大于第一发射层23’靠近硅衬底10一侧的晶化率;和/或沿硅衬底10至第二膜层的方向上,第二膜层包括依次层叠设置第二发射层’和第二电极层34,第二发射层’与硅衬底10表面连接,第二发射层’靠近第二电极层34一侧的晶化率大于第二发射层’靠近硅衬底10一侧的晶化率;硅衬底10和第一发射层23’具有第一掺杂元素,第二发射层’具有第二掺杂元素,第一掺杂元素与第二掺杂元素不同。
请参阅图8,为本申请一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的制备方法流程图,包括:
S101:在硅衬底10表面依次沉积形成第一发射层23’和第一电极层24,得到第一膜层20,第一发射层23’与硅衬底10表面连接,第一发射层23’靠近第一电极层24一侧的晶化率大于第一发射层23’靠近硅衬底10一侧的晶化率;
S102:在硅衬底10背离第一发射层23’的表面依次沉积形成第二发射层’和第二电极层34,得到第二膜层,第二发射层’与硅衬底10表面连接,第二发射层’靠近第二电极层34一侧的晶化率大于第二发射层’靠近硅衬底10一侧的晶化率,制得太阳能电池片100。本申请提供的制备方法制得的太阳能电池片100结构稳定性好,光电转换效率高,有利于太阳能电池片100的广泛应用。
在本申请中,沉积包括化学气相沉积和物理气相沉积,具体的,沉积可以但不限于包括原子层沉积、等离子体增强化学气相沉积、溅射沉积、电子束沉积和热蒸发沉积中的至少一种。在本申请一实施方式中,沉积为等离子体增强化学沉积。具体的,根据产生等离子体的电源不同,等离子体增强化学沉积的电源可以但不限于包括甚高频(VHF)和射频(RF)中的至少一种。在本申请一实施例中,等离子体增强化学沉积的电源可以为甚高频(VHF),能提高膜层的结晶性,减少成膜缺陷等。在本申请一实施例中,第一钝化层21和第二钝化层31的等离子增强化学沉积的电源可以为射频(RF)。
请参阅图9,为本申请另一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的制备方法流程图,包括:
S201:在硅衬底10表面依次沉积形成第一种子层22、第一发射本层23和第一电极层24,得到第一膜层20,第一种子层22与硅衬底10表面连接,第一发射本层23的晶化率大于第一种子层22的晶化率;
S202:在背离硅衬底10第一种子层22的表面依次沉积形成第二种子层32、第二发射本层33和第二电极层34,得到第二膜层,第二种子层32与硅衬底10表面连接,第二发射本层33的晶化率大于第二种子层32的晶化率,制得太阳能电池片100。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22的沉积温度为200℃-210℃。具体的,第一种子层22的沉积温度可以但不限于为200℃、202℃、204℃、206℃、208℃或210℃等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22的沉积温度可以为200℃-204℃。在本申请另一实施例中,第一种子层22的沉积温度可以为202℃-210℃。在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22的沉积压力为2mbar-4mbar。具体的,第一种子的沉积压力可以但不限于为2mbar、2.2mbar、2.5mbar、2.8mbar、3mbar、3.5mbar或4mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22的沉积压力可以为2mbar-3.5mbar。在本申请另一实施例中,第一种子层22的沉积压力可以为3mbar-4mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22的沉积功率为660W/m2-1330W/m2。具体的,第一种子层22的沉积功率可以但不限于为660W/m2、700W/m2、800W/m2、900W/m2、1000W/m2、1100W/m2、1200W/m2或1330W/m2等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22的沉积功率可以为660W/m2-900W/m2。在本申请另一实施例中,第一种子层22的沉积功率可以为800W/m2-1330W/m2。在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22沉积时,氢气流量为10000sccm-12000sccm。具体的,氢气流量可以但不限于为10000sccm、10500sccm、11000sccm、11500sccm或12000sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22沉积时,氢气流量可以为10000sccm-11500sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一种子层22沉积时,氢气流量可以为11500sccm-12000sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22沉积时,硅烷流量为20sccm-40sccm。具体的,硅烷流量可以但不限于为20sccm、25sccm、30sccm、35sccm或40sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22沉积时,硅烷流量可以为20sccm-35sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一种子层22沉积时,硅烷流量可以为25sccm-40sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22沉积时,磷烷氢气混合气的流量为50sccm-100sccm。磷烷氢气混合气中,磷烷气体的流量为1sccm-2ccm,氢气气体的流量为48sccm-99ccm。具体的,磷烷氢气混合气的流量可以但不限于为50sccm、60sccm、70sccm、80sccm、90sccm或100sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22沉积时,磷烷氢气混合气的流量可以为50sccm-80sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一种子层22沉积时,磷烷氢气混合气的流量可以为65sccm-100sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第一种子层22沉积时,磷烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例为2%-10%。具体的,磷烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例可以但不限于为2%、3%、5%、7%、9%或10%等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22沉积时,磷烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例可以为2%-5%。在本申请另一实施例中,第一种子层22沉积时,磷烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例可以为4%-10%。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23的沉积温度为200℃-210℃。具体的,第一发射本层23的沉积温度可以但不限于为200℃、202℃、204℃、206℃、208℃或210℃等。在本申请一实施例中,第一发射本层23的沉积温度可以为200℃-204℃。在本申请另一实施例中,第一发射本层23的沉积温度可以为202℃-210℃。在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23的沉积压力为2mbar-4mbar。具体的,第一发射本层23的沉积压力可以但不限于为2mbar、2.2mbar、2.5mbar、2.8mbar、3mbar、3.5mbar或4mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,第一发射本层23的沉积压力可以为2mbar-3.5mbar。在本申请另一实施例中,第一发射本层23的沉积压力可以为3mbar-4mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23的沉积功率为1330W/m2-2000W/m2。具体的,第一发射本层23的沉积功率可以但不限于为1330W/m2、1400W/m2、1500W/m2、1600W/m2、1700W/m2、1800W/m2、1900W/m2或2000W/m2等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种发射本层的沉积功率可以为1330W/m2-1600W/m2。在本申请另一实施例中,第一发射本层23的沉积功率可以为1500W/m2-2000W/m2。在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23沉积时,氢气流量为10000sccm-12000sccm。具体的,氢气流量可以但不限于为10000sccm、10500sccm、11000sccm、11500sccm或12000sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一发射本层23沉积时,氢气流量可以为10000sccm-11500sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一发射本层23沉积时,氢气流量可以为11500sccm-12000sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23沉积时,硅烷流量为50sccm-100sccm。具体的,硅烷流量可以但不限于为50sccm、60sccm、70sccm、80sccm、90sccm或100sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一发射本层23沉积时,硅烷流量可以为50sccm-85sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一发射本层23沉积时,硅烷流量可以为65sccm-100sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23沉积时,磷烷氢气混合气的流量为50sccm-100sccm。磷烷氢气混合气中,磷烷气体的流量为1sccm-2ccm,氢气气体的流量为48sccm-99ccm。具体的,磷烷氢气混合气的流量可以但不限于为50sccm、60sccm、70sccm、80sccm、90sccm或100sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一发射本层23沉积时,磷烷氢气混合气的流量可以为50sccm-80sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一发射本层23沉积时,磷烷氢气混合气的流量可以为65sccm-100sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第一发射本层23沉积时,磷烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例为2%-10%。具体的,磷烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例可以但不限于为2%、3%、5%、7%、9%或10%等。在本申请一实施例中,第一发射本层23沉积时,磷烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例可以为2%-5%。在本申请另一实施例中,第一发射本层23本沉积时,磷烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例可以为4%-10%。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二种子层32的沉积温度为160℃-180℃。具体的,第二种子层32的沉积温度可以但不限于为160℃、165℃、170℃、175℃或180℃等。在本申请一实施例中,第二种子层32的沉积温度可以为160℃-175℃。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32的沉积温度可以为170℃-180℃。在本申请一实施方式中,第二种子层32的沉积压力为2mbar-2.5mbar。具体的,第二种子层32的沉积压力可以但不限于为2mbar、2.1mbar、2.2mbar、2.3mbar、2.4mbar或2.5mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,第二种子层32的沉积压力可以为2mbar-2.3mbar。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32的沉积压力可以为2.2mbar-2.5mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,第二种子层32的沉积功率为996W/m2-1662W/m2。具体的,第二种子层32的沉积功率可以但不限于为996W/m2、1000W/m2、1100W/m2、1200W/m2、1300W/m2、1400W/m2、1500W/m2或1662W/m2等。在本申请一实施例中,第二种子层32的沉积功率可以为996W/m2-1262W/m2。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32的沉积功率可以为1100W/m2-1662W/m2。在本申请一实施方式中,第二种子层32沉积时,氢气流量为15000sccm-25000sccm。具体的,氢气流量可以但不限于为15000sccm、18000sccm、19000sccm、20000sccm或25000sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二种子层32沉积时,氢气流量可以为15000sccm-20500sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32沉积时,氢气流量可以为20000sccm-25000sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第二种子层32沉积时,硅烷流量为25sccm-45sccm。具体的,硅烷流量可以但不限于为25sccm、30sccm、35sccm、40sccm或45sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二种子层32沉积时,硅烷流量可以为25sccm-35sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32沉积时,硅烷流量可以为30sccm-45sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第二种子层32沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量为100sccm-200sccm。乙硼烷氢气混合气中,乙硼烷气体的流量为2sccm-4ccm,氢气气体的流量为96sccm-198ccm。具体的,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以但不限于为100sccm、130sccm、160sccm、170sccm、180sccm、190sccm或200sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二种子层32沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以为100sccm-180sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以为165sccm-200sccm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33的沉积温度为160℃-180℃。具体的,第二发射本层33的沉积温度可以但不限于为160℃、165℃、170℃、175℃或180℃等。在本申请一实施例中,第二发射本层33的沉积温度可以为160℃-170℃。在本申请另一实施例中,第二发射本层33的沉积温度可以为165℃-180℃。在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33的沉积压力为1.5mbar-2.2mbar。具体的,第二发射本层33的沉积压力可以但不限于为1.5mbar、1.6mbar、1.8mbar、1.9mbar、2mbar、2.1mbar或2.2mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,第二发射本层33的沉积压力可以为1.5mbar-1.9mbar。在本申请另一实施例中,第二发射本层33的沉积压力可以为1.8mbar-2.2mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33的沉积功率为1662W/m2-2660W/m2。具体的,第二发射本层33的沉积功率可以但不限于为1662W/m2、1700W/m2、1800W/m2、1900W/m2、2000W/m2、2200W/m2、2400W/m2或2660W/m2等。在本申请一实施例中,第二种发射本层的沉积功率可以为1662W/m2-2160W/m2。在本申请另一实施例中,第二发射本层33的沉积功率可以为2200W/m2-2660W/m2。在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33沉积时,氢气流量为30000sccm-50000sccm。具体的,氢气流量可以但不限于为30000sccm、35000sccm、40000sccm、45000sccm或50000sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二发射本层33沉积时,氢气流量可以为30000sccm-45500sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二发射本层33沉积时,氢气流量可以为35000sccm-50000sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33沉积时,硅烷流量为30sccm-160sccm。具体的,硅烷流量可以但不限于为30sccm、80sccm、90sccm、80sccm、90sccm或100sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二发射本层33沉积时,硅烷流量可以为50sccm-85sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二发射本层33沉积时,硅烷流量可以为65sccm-100sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量为20sccm-30sccm。乙硼烷氢气混合气中,乙硼烷气体的流量为0.4sccm-0.6ccm,氢气气体的流量为19.4sccm-29.6ccm。具体的,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以但不限于为20sccm、22sccm、24sccm、26sccm、28sccm或30sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二发射本层33沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以为20sccm-26sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二发射本层33沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以为24sccm-30sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第二发射本层33沉积时,乙硼烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例为0.3%-1%。具体的,乙硼烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例可以但不限于为0.3%、0.5%、0.7%、0.9%或1%等。在本申请一实施例中,第二发射本层33沉积时,乙硼烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例可以为0.3%-0.6%。在本申请另一实施例中,第二发射本层33沉积时,乙硼烷和硅烷的流量掺杂比例可以为0.5%-1%。
请参阅图10,为本申请有一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的制备方法流程图,包括:
S301:在硅衬底10表面依次沉积形成第一钝化层21、第一种子层22、第一发射本层23和第一电极层24,得到第一膜层20,第一钝化层21与硅衬底10表面连接,第一发射本层23的晶化率大于第一种子层22的晶化率;
S302:在背离硅衬底10第一钝化层21的表面依次沉积形成第二钝化层31、第二种子层32、第二发射本层33和第二电极层34,得到第二膜层,第二钝化层31与硅衬底10表面连接,第二发射本层33的晶化率大于第二种子层32的晶化率,制得太阳能电池片100。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一钝化层21的沉积温度为160℃-190℃。具体的,第一钝化层21的沉积温度可以但不限于为160℃、165℃、170℃、175℃、180℃、185℃或190℃等。在本申请一实施例中,第一钝化层21的沉积温度可以为160℃-180℃。在本申请另一实施例中,第一钝化层21的沉积温度可以为170℃-190℃。在本申请一实施方式中,第一钝化层21的沉积压力为0.5mbar-1.5mbar。具体的,第一钝化层21的沉积压力可以但不限于为0.5mbar、0.8mbar、0.9mbar、1mbar、1.2mbar、1.4mbar或1.5mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,第一钝化层21的沉积压力可以为0.5mbar-1mbar。在本申请另一实施例中,第一钝化层21沉积压力可以为0.8mbar-1.5mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,第一钝化层21的沉积功率为166W/m2-664W/m2。具体的,第一钝化层21的沉积功率可以但不限于为166W/m2、200W/m2、300W/m2、400W/m2、500W/m2、600W/m2或664W/m2等。在本申请一实施例中,第一钝化层21的沉积功率可以为166W/m2-400W/m2。在本申请另一实施例中,第一钝化层21的沉积功率可以为350W/m2-664W/m2。在本申请一实施方式中,第一钝化层21沉积时,硅烷流量为150sccm-500sccm。具体的,第一钝化层21的硅烷流量可以但不限于为150sccm、200sccm、250sccm、300sccm、400sccm或500sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一钝化层21的硅烷流量可以为150sccm-400sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一钝化层21的硅烷流量可以为300sccm-500sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第一钝化层21的沉积时,氢气流量为1500sccm-2500sccm。具体的,第一钝化层21氢气流量可以但不限于为1500sccm、1700sccm、1800sccm、1900sccm、2000sccm、2200或2500sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一钝化层21的氢气流量可以为1500sccm-2000sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一钝化层21的氢气流量可以为1900sccm-2500sccm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一钝化层21形成后进行二氧化碳等离子体处理。通过二氧化碳等离子体处理可以在第一钝化层21表面形成超薄的非晶氧化硅层,利用其隧穿效应,提升载流子传输能力。在本申请一实施方式中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的温度为200℃-210℃。具体的,二氧化碳等离子体处理的温度可以但不限于为200℃、202℃、204℃、206℃、208℃或210℃等。在本申请一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的温度可以为200℃-204℃。在本申请另一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的温度可以为202℃-210℃。在本申请一实施方式中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的压力为0.5mbar-2mbar。具体的,二氧化碳等离子体处理的压力可以但不限于为0.5mbar、0.8mbar、1.2mbar、1.5mbar、1.8mbar或2mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的压力可以为0.5mbar-1.2mbar。在本申请另一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的压力可以为1.1mbar-2mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的功率为66.4W/m2-200W/m2。具体的,二氧化碳等离子体处理的功率可以但不限于为66.4W/m2、100W/m2、120W/m2、140W/m2、160W/m2、180W/m2或200W/m2等。在本申请一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的功率可以为66.4W/m2-130W/m2。在本申请另一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的功率可以为120W/m2-200W/m2。在本申请一实施方式中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的时间为5s-15s。具体的,二氧化碳等离子体处理的时间可以但不限于为5s、6s、7s、8s、10s、12s、14s或15s等。在本申请一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的时间可以为5s-12s。在本申请另一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的时间可以为10s-15s。在本申请一实施方式中,二氧化碳等离子体处理中二氧化碳流量为50sccm-200sccm。具体的,二氧化碳等离子体处理的二氧化碳流量可以但不限于为50sccm、80sccm、90sccm、120sccm、150sccm、180sccm或200sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的二氧化碳流量可以为50sccm-120sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的二氧化碳流量可以为100sccm-200sccm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二钝化层31的沉积温度为160℃-190℃。具体的,第二钝化层31的沉积温度可以但不限于为160℃、165℃、170℃、175℃、180℃、185℃或190℃等。在本申请一实施例中,第二钝化层31的沉积温度可以为160℃-180℃。在本申请另一实施例中,第二钝化层31的沉积温度可以为170℃-190℃。在本申请一实施方式中,第二钝化层31的沉积功率为166W/m2-664W/m2。具体的,第二钝化层31的沉积功率可以但不限于为166W/m2、200W/m2、300W/m2、400W/m2、500W/m2、600W/m2或664W/m2等。在本申请一实施例中,第二钝化层31的沉积功率可以为166W/m2-400W/m2。在本申请另一实施例中,第二钝化层31的沉积功率可以为350W/m2-664W/m2。在本申请一实施方式中,第二钝化层31的沉积压力为0.5mbar-1.5mbar。具体的,第二钝化层31的沉积压力可以但不限于为0.5mbar、0.8mbar、0.9mbar、1mbar、1.2mbar、1.4mbar或1.5mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,第二钝化层31的沉积压力可以为0.5mbar-1mbar。在本申请另一实施例中第二钝化层31的沉积压力可以为0.8mbar-1.5mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,第二钝化层31沉积时,硅烷流量为150sccm-500sccm。具体的,第二钝化层31的硅烷流量可以但不限于为150sccm、200sccm、250sccm、300sccm、400sccm或500sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二钝化层31的硅烷流量可以为150sccm-400sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二钝化层31的硅烷流量可以为300sccm-500sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第二钝化层31的沉积时,氢气流量为1500sccm-2500sccm。具体的,第二钝化层31的氢气流量可以但不限于为1500sccm、1700sccm、1800sccm、1900sccm、2000sccm、2200或2500sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二钝化层31的氢气流量可以为1500sccm-2000sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二钝化层31的氢气流量可以为1900sccm-2500sccm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二钝化层31形成后进行二氧化碳等离子体处理。通过二氧化碳等离子体处理可以在第二钝化层31表面形成超薄的非晶氧化硅层,利用其隧穿效应,提升载流子传输能力。在本申请一实施方式中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的温度为200℃-210℃。具体的,二氧化碳等离子体处理的温度可以但不限于为200℃、202℃、204℃、206℃、208℃或210℃等。在本申请一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的温度可以为200℃-204℃。在本申请另一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的温度可以为202℃-210℃。在本申请一实施方式中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的功率为66.4W/m2-200W/m2。具体的,二氧化碳等离子体处理的功率可以但不限于为66.4W/m2、100W/m2、120W/m2、140W/m2、160W/m2、180W/m2或200W/m2等在本申请一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的功率可以为66.4W/m2-150W/m2。在本申请另一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的功率可以为120W/m2-200W/m2。在本申请一实施方式中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的压力为0.5mbar-2mbar。具体的,二氧化碳等离子体处理的压力可以但不限于为0.5mbar、0.8mbar、1.2mbar、1.5mbar、1.8mbar或2mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的压力可以为0.5mbar-1.2mbar。在本申请另一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的压力可以为1.1mbar-2mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的时间为5s-15s。具体的,二氧化碳等离子体处理的时间可以但不限于为5s、6s、7s、8s、10s、12s、14s或15s等。在本申请一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的时间可以为5s-12s。在本申请另一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的时间可以为10s-15s。在本申请一实施方式中,二氧化碳等离子体处理中二氧化碳流量为50sccm-200sccm。具体的,二氧化碳等离子体处理的二氧化碳流量可以但不限于为50sccm、80sccm、90sccm、120sccm、150sccm、180sccm或200sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的二氧化碳流量可以为50sccm-120sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,二氧化碳等离子体处理的二氧化碳流量可以为100sccm-200sccm。
请参阅图11,为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的制备方法流程图,包括:
S401:在硅衬底10表面依次沉积形成第一钝化层21、第一种子层22、第一发射本层23、第一过渡层25和第一电极层24,得到第一膜层20,第一钝化层21与硅衬底10表面连接,第一发射本层23的晶化率大于第一种子层22的晶化率;
S402:在背离硅衬底10的表面依次沉积形成第二钝化层31、第二种子层32、第二发射本层33、第二过渡层35和第二电极层34,得到第二膜层,第二钝化层31与硅衬底10表面连接,第二发射本层33的晶化率大于第二种子层32的晶化率,制得太阳能电池片100。
在本申请一实施方式中,第一过渡层25的沉积温度为190℃-210℃。具体的,第一过渡层25的沉积温度可以但不限于为190℃、195℃、200℃、206℃、208℃或210℃等。在本申请一实施例中,第一过渡层25的沉积温度可以为190℃-204℃。在本申请另一实施例中,第一过渡层25的沉积温度可以为202℃-210℃。在本申请一实施方式中,第一过渡层25的沉积压力为0.5mbar-1mbar。具体的,第一过渡层25的沉积压力可以但不限于为0.5mbar、0.55mbar、0.6mbar、0.8mbar、0.9mbar或1mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,第一过渡层25的沉积压力可以为0.5mbar-0.85mbar。在本申请另一实施例中,第一过渡层25的沉积压力可以为0.6mbar-1mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,第一过渡层25的沉积功率为265W/m2-664W/m2。具体的,第一过渡层25的沉积功率可以但不限于为265W/m2、300W/m2、350W/m2、400W/m2、450W/m2、500W/m2、550W/m2、600W/m2或664W/m2等。在本申请一实施例中,第一过渡层25的沉积功率可以为265W/m2-400W/m2。在本申请另一实施例中,第一过渡层25的沉积功率可以为350W/m2-664W/m2。在本申请一实施方式中,第一过渡层25沉积时,氢气流量为300sccm-500sccm。具体的,氢气流量可以但不限于为300sccm、350sccm、400sccm、450sccm或500sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一过渡层25沉积时,氢气流量可以为300sccm-450sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一过渡层25沉积时,氢气流量可以为400sccm-500sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第一过渡层25沉积时,硅烷流量为100sccm-200sccm。具体的,硅烷流量可以但不限于为100sccm、120sccm、140sccm、150sccm、170sccm或200sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一过渡层25沉积时,硅烷流量可以为100sccm-180sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一过渡层25沉积时,硅烷流量可以为160sccm-200sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第一过渡层25沉积时,磷烷氢气混合气的流量为300sccm-500sccm。磷烷氢气混合气中,磷烷气体的流量为6sccm-10ccm,氢气气体的流量为290sccm-494ccm。具体的,磷烷氢气混合气的流量可以但不限于为300sccm、320sccm、380sccm、400sccm、4500sccm或500sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一过渡层25沉积时,磷烷氢气混合气的流量可以为300sccm-450sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第一过渡层25沉积时,磷烷氢气混合气的流量可以为380sccm-500sccm。
在本申请一实施方式中,第二过渡层35的沉积温度为160℃-180℃。具体的,第二过渡层35的沉积温度可以但不限于为160℃、165℃、170℃、175℃或180℃等。在本申请一实施例中,第二过渡层35的沉积温度可以为160℃-170℃。在本申请另一实施例中,第二发过渡层的沉积温度可以为165℃-180℃。在本申请一实施方式中,第二过渡层35的沉积功率为1661W/m2-2658W/m2。具体的,第二过渡层35的沉积功率可以但不限于为1661W/m2、1700W/m2、1800W/m2、1900W/m2、2000W/m2、2100W/m2、2400W/m2、2600W/m2或2658W/m2等。在本申请一实施例中,第二过渡层35的沉积功率可以为2500W-2980W。在本申请另一实施例中,第二过渡层35的沉积功率可以为2800W-4000W。在本申请一实施方式中,第二过渡层35的沉积压力为2mbar-4mbar。具体的,第二过渡层35的沉积压力可以但不限于为2mbar、2.2mbar、2.5mbar、2.8mbar、3mbar、3.5mbar或4mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,第二过渡层35的沉积压力可以为2mbar-3.5mbar。在本申请另一实施例中,第二过渡层35的沉积压力可以为3mbar-4mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,第二过渡层35沉积时,氢气流量为30000sccm-50000sccm。具体的,氢气流量可以但不限于为30000sccm、35000sccm、40000sccm、45000sccm或50000sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二过渡层35沉积时,氢气流量可以为30000sccm-45500sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二过渡层35沉积时,氢气流量可以为35000sccm-50000sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第二过渡层35沉积时,硅烷流量为30sccm-160sccm。具体的,硅烷流量可以但不限于为30sccm、80sccm、90sccm、80sccm、90sccm或100sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二过渡层35沉积时,硅烷流量可以为50sccm-85sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二过渡层35沉积时,硅烷流量可以为65sccm-100sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,第二过渡层35沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量为200sccm-300sccm。乙硼烷氢气混合气中,乙硼烷气体的流量为4sccm-6ccm,氢气气体的流量为194sccm-296ccm。具体的,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以但不限于为200sccm、220sccm、240sccm、260sccm、280sccm或300sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第二过渡层35沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以为200sccm-260sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二过渡层35沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以为240sccm-300sccm。
请参阅图12,为本申请又一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100的制备方法流程图,包括:
S501:在硅衬底10表面依次沉积形成第一钝化层21、第一种子层22、第一发射本层23、第一过渡层25和第一电极层24,得到第一膜层20,第一钝化层21与硅衬底10表面连接,第一发射本层23的晶化率大于第一种子层22的晶化率;
S502:在背离硅衬底10的表面依次沉积形成第二钝化层31、第二种子层32、第二发射本层33、第二过渡层35、缓冲层36和第二电极层34,得到第二膜层,第二钝化层31与硅衬底10表面连接,第二发射本层33的晶化率大于第二种子层32的晶化率,制得太阳能电池片100。
在本申请一实施方式中,形成第二过渡层35后,在第二过渡层35表面沉积形成缓冲层36,能改善上下膜层之间的接触,以提升短路电流和填充因子。在沉积第二电极层34时,缓冲层36可对第二过渡层35形成保护,防止第二电极层34对第二过渡层35造成损伤。
在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36的沉积温度为160℃-180℃。具体的,缓冲层36的沉积温度可以但不限于为160℃、165℃、170℃、175℃或180℃等。在本申请一实施例中,缓冲层36的沉积温度可以为160℃-170℃。在本申请另一实施例中,缓冲层36的沉积温度可以为165℃-180℃。在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36的沉积压力为0.3mbar-1mbar。具体的,缓冲层36的沉积压力可以但不限于为0.3mbar、0.4mbar、0.5mbar、0.6mbar、0.7mbar、0.8mbar或1mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,缓冲层36的沉积压力可以为0.3mbar-0.8mbar。在本申请另一实施例中,缓冲层36的沉积压力可以为0.5mbar-1mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36的沉积功率为332W/m2-664W/m2。具体的,缓冲层36的沉积功率可以但不限于为332W/m2、350W/m2、400W/m2、450W/m2、500W/m2、550W/m2、600W/m2或664W/m2等。在本申请一实施例中,缓冲层36的沉积功率可以为332W/m2-500W/m2。在本申请另一实施例中,缓冲层36的沉积功率可以为450W/m2-664W/m2。在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36沉积时,二氧化碳流量为100sccm-200sccm。具体的,氢气流量可以但不限于为100sccm、120sccm、150sccm、180sccm或200sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,缓冲层36沉积时,氢气流量可以为100sccm-155sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,缓冲层36沉积时,氢气流量可以为120sccm-200sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36沉积时,氢气流量为300sccm-500sccm。具体的,氢气流量可以但不限于为300sccm、350sccm、400sccm、450sccm或500sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,缓冲层36沉积时,氢气流量可以为300sccm-455sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,缓冲层36沉积时,氢气流量可以为350sccm-500sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36沉积时,硅烷流量为100sccm-200sccm。具体的,硅烷流量可以但不限于为100sccm、120sccm、140sccm、160sccm、180sccm或200sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,缓冲层36沉积时,硅烷流量可以为100sccm-165sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,缓冲层36沉积时,硅烷流量可以为140ccm-200sccm。在本申请一实施方式中,缓冲层36沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量为400sccm-600sccm。乙硼烷氢气混合气中,乙硼烷气体的流量为8sccm-12ccm,氢气气体的流量为388sccm-592ccm。具体的,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以但不限于为400sccm、420sccm、450sccm、500sccm、550sccm或600sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,缓冲层36沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以为400sccm-560sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,缓冲层36沉积时,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量可以为500sccm-600sccm。
在本申请一实施方式中,在形成第一种子层22、第一发射本层23、第一过渡层25、第二钝化层31、第二种子层32、第二发射本层33、第二过渡层35、缓冲层36之前和/或缓冲层36之后还包括氢气等离子体处理,可以改善各膜层的晶化率和生长缺陷。同时,第一钝化层21不进行氢气等离子体处理,保留了第一钝化层21表面自然氧化形成的氧化硅,有利于载流子和电子的传输,有利于提高载流子传输效率。在本申请一实施例中,在沉积第二钝化层31之后,进行二氧化碳等离子体处理之前,还包括氢气等离子体处理,利用大量氢等离子物补偿第二发射本层33中表面硅的悬挂键,同时为第二过渡层35提供富氢环境,降低爆膜可能性。
在本申请一实施方式中,氢气等离子体处理的压力为0.5mbar-1.5mbar。具体的,氢气等离子体处理的压力可以但不限于为0.5mbar、1mbar、1.3mbar、1.35mbar、1.4mbar或1.5mbar等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22形成之前,氢气等离子体处理的压力可以为1.2mbar-1.5mbar等。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32形成之前,氢气等离子体处理的压力可以为0.5mbar-1mbar。在本申请一实施方式中,氢气等离子体处理的功率为119W/m2-332W/m2。具体的,氢气等离子体处理的功率可以但不限于为119W/m2、150W/m2、180W/m2、200W/m2、220W/m2、280W/m2、290W/m2、300W/m2或332W/m2等。在本申请一实施例中,氢气等离子体处理的功率可以为119W/m2-220W/m2。在本申请另一实施例中,氢气等离子体处理的功率可以为210W/m2-332W/m2。在本申请一实施方式中,氢气等离子体处理的时间为8s-40s。具体的,氢气等离子体处理的时间可以但不限于为8s、10s、18s、20s、25s、30s或40s等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22形成之前,氢气等离子体处理的时间可以为8s-15s。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32形成之前,氢气等离子体处理的时间可以为20s-40s。在本申请一实施方式中,氢气等离子体处理的氢气流量为1500sccm-3000sccm。具体的,氢气等离子体处理的二氧化碳流量可以但不限于为1500sccm、1600sccm、1850sccm、2000sccm、2500sccm、2900sccm或3000sccm等。在本申请一实施例中,第一种子层22、第一发射本层23和第一过渡层25形成之前,氢气等离子体处理的氢气流量可以为1500sccm-2000sccm。在本申请另一实施例中,第二种子层32二发射层、第二过渡层35和/或缓冲层36形成之前,氢气等离子体处理的氢气流量可以为2000sccm-3000sccm。
本申请还提供了一种太阳能电池,太阳能电池包括上述任意一实施方式提供的太阳能电池片100。本申请提供的太阳能电池光电转化效率高、使用安全性佳,有利于提高太阳能电池的应用。
本申请还提供了一种用电设备,用电设备包括上述任意一实施方式提供的太阳能电池。本申请提供的用电设备综合性能优异,光电转化效率高,提高了用电设备的市场竞争力。
下面通过具体示例对本申请技术方案的效果做进一步说明。
实施例1
在N型硅衬底10两侧采用频率为13.56MHz的RF射频电源进行第一钝化层21和第二钝化层31的等离子体化学气相沉积,其中,镀膜温度为190℃,压力为1.2mbar,功率为531W/m2,硅烷流量为160sccm,氢气流量为1600sccm。第一钝化层21的材质为非晶硅,厚度为7.5nm,第二钝化层31的材质为非晶硅,厚度为13nm。
对第一钝化层21表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源进行氢气等离子体处理,氢气等离子体处理中,氢气流量为1600sccm,压力为0.7mbar,功率为249W/m2,时间为30s。
对第一钝化层21采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源进行二氧化碳等离子体处理,二氧化碳等离子体处理中二氧化碳流量为160sccm,压力为0.7mbar,功率为106W/m2,时间为10s,温度为205℃。
在二氧化碳等离子体处理后的第一钝化层21表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源沉积第一种子层22,其中沉积温度为210℃,沉积压力为3mbar,沉积功率为664W/m2,氢气流量为11000sccm,硅烷流量为25sccm,磷烷氢气混合气的流量为50sccm,控制磷烷/硅烷的流量掺杂比例在4%。第一种子层22的材质为含磷掺杂元素的微晶硅,晶化率约为0.3,膜厚为3nm,磷元素和硅元素的掺杂摩尔比为1:25。
对第一种子层22表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源进行氢气等离子体处理,氢气等离子体处理中,氢气流量为1600sccm,压力为0.7mbar,功率为249W/m2,时间为30s。
在第一种子层22表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源沉积第一发射本层23,其中,沉积温度为200℃,沉积压力为3mbar,沉积功率为1661W/m2,氢气流量为11000sccm,硅烷流量为66sccm,磷烷氢气混合气的流量为180sccm,控制磷烷/硅烷的流量掺杂比例在5.4%。第一发射本层23的材质为含磷掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅,晶化率约为0.45,膜厚为15nm,磷元素和硅元素的掺杂摩尔比为1:18。
对第一发射本层23表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源进行氢气等离子体处理,氢气等离子体处理中,氢气流量为1600、0sccm,压力为0.7mbar,功率为249W/m2,时间为30s。
在第一发射本层23表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源沉积第一过渡层25,其中,沉积温度为200℃,沉积压力为1mbar,沉积功率为664W/m2,氢气流量为11000sccm,硅烷流量为66sccm,磷烷氢气混合气的流量为264sccm,控制磷烷/硅烷的流量掺杂比例在8%。第一过渡层25的材质为含磷掺杂元素的微晶硅,膜厚为2nm,磷元素和硅元素的掺杂摩尔比为1:12.5。
对第二钝化层31表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源进行氢气等离子体处理,氢气等离子体处理中,氢气流量为2400sccm,压力为0.7mbar,功率为249W/m2,时间为30s。
在氢气处理后的第二钝化层31采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源进行二氧化碳等离子体处理,二氧化碳等离子体处理中二氧化碳流量为720sccm,压力为0.7mbar,功率为106W/m2,时间为10s,温度为200℃。
在二氧化碳等离子体处理后的第二钝化层31表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源沉积第二种子层32,其中,沉积温度为170℃,沉积压力为2.25mbar,沉积功率2259W/m2,氢气流量为20000sccm,硅烷流量为40sccm,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量为100-200sccm,控制乙硼烷/硅烷的流量掺杂比例在7%。第二种子层32的材质为含硼掺杂元素的微晶硅,晶化率约为0.35,膜厚为1-3nm,硼元素和硅元素的掺杂摩尔比为1:7。
对第二种子层32表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源进行氢气等离子体处理,氢气等离子体处理中,氢气流量为2400sccm,压力为0.7mbar,功率为249W/m2,时间为30s。
在第二种子层32表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源沉积第二发射本层33,其中,沉积温度为170℃,沉积压力为3.7mbar,沉积功率为2658W/m2,氢气流量为40200sccm,硅烷流量为120sccm,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量为20sccm,控制乙硼烷/硅烷的流量掺杂比例在0.33%。第二发射本层33的材质为含硼掺杂元素的微晶硅,晶化率约为0.5,膜厚为25nm,硼元素和硅元素的掺杂摩尔比为1:150。
对第二发射本层33表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源进行氢气等离子体处理,氢气等离子体处理中,氢气流量为2400sccm,压力为0.7mbar,功率为249W/m2,时间为30s。
在第二发射本层33表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源沉积第二过渡层35,其中,沉积温度为170℃,沉积压力为3.5mbar,沉积功率为3987W/m2,氢气流量为40200sccm,硅烷流量为200sccm,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量为300sccm,控制乙硼烷硅烷的流量掺杂比例在3%。第二过渡层35的材质为含硼掺杂元素的微晶硅,膜厚为5-6nm,硼元素和硅元素的掺杂摩尔比为2:33。
对第二过渡层35表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源进行氢气等离子体处理,氢气等离子体处理中,氢气流量为2400sccm,压力为0.7mbar,功率为249W/m2,时间为30s。
在第二过渡层35表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源沉积缓冲层36,其中,沉积温度为170℃,沉积压力为0.5mbar,沉积功率为531W/m2,氢气流量为675sccm,硅烷流量为150sccm,二氧化碳流量为50sccm,乙硼烷氢气混合气的流量为500sccm,控制乙硼烷/硅烷的流量掺杂比例在6%。缓冲层36的材质为含硼掺杂元素的非晶氧化硅,膜厚为1-2nm,硼元素和硅元素的掺杂摩尔比为2:15。
对缓冲层36表面采用频率为40MHz的VHF甚高频电源进行氢气等离子体处理,氢气等离子体处理中,氢气流量为2400sccm,压力为0.7mbar,功率为249W/m2,时间为30s。
在第一过渡层25表面采用物理气相沉积设置第一透明导电层241,第一透明导电层241的厚度为90nm,然后丝网印刷第一电极。
在缓冲层36表面采用物理气相沉积设置第二透明导电层341,第二透明导电层341的厚度为110nm,然后丝网印刷第二电极,得到太阳能电池片100。
实施例2
与实施例1不同之处在于,第二种子层32的材质为含硼掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅。
实施例3
与实施例1不同之处在于,第二种子层32的材质为本征态微晶氧化硅。
实施例4
与实施例1不同之处在于,缓冲层36的材质为含硼掺杂元素的非晶硅。
实施例5
与实施例1不同之处在于,不具有缓冲层36。
实施例6
与实施例1不同之处在于,第一种子层22、第一发射本层23和第一过渡层25的磷烷与硅烷的掺杂比相同,磷元素和硅元素的掺杂摩尔比均为1:25。
实施例7
与实施例1不同之处在于,不具有第一过渡层25和第二过渡层35。
实施例8
与实施例1不同之处在于,所有膜层沉积中均采用频率为13.56MHz的RF射频电源代替VHF甚高频电源。
实施例9
与实施例1不同之处在于,第一种子层22的晶化率为0.3,第一发射本层23的晶化率为0.7。
实施例10
与实施例1不同之处在于,第一种子层22的晶化率为0.6,第一发射本层23的晶化率为0.7。实施例11
与实施例1不同之处在于,第一种子层22的材质为微晶碳化硅。
实施例12
与实施例1不同之处在于,第二钝化层31不进行氢气等离子体处理。
实施例13
与实施例1不同之处在于,第一种子层22的磷元素与硅元素掺杂摩尔比为1:10,第二种子层32硼元素与硅元素掺杂摩尔比为1:15。
实施例14
与实施例1不同之处在于,第一钝化层21和第二钝化层31不进行二氧化碳等离子体处理,第一种子层22的晶化率为0.2,第二种子层32晶化率0.2。
实施例15
与实施例1不同之处在于,第一种子层22的晶化率为0.2,第一发射本层23的晶化率为0.8,第二种子层32晶化率0.8,第二发射本层33的晶化率为0.8。
对比例1
与实施例1不同之处在于,不具有第一种子层22、第二种子层32、第一过渡层25、第二过渡层35和缓冲层36,第一钝化层21和第二钝化层31不进行二氧化碳等离子体处理,第一发射本层23和第二发射本层33的材质均为非晶硅,第一发射层23’和第二发射层’晶化率不发生改变,晶化率在0.1以下。
对比例2
与实施例1不同之处在于,第一种子层22和第一发射本层23晶化率相同,第二种子层32和第二发射本层33晶化率相同。
对比例3
与实施例1不同之处在于,第一发射层23’和第二发射层’不包括第一掺杂元素和第二掺杂元素。
性能检测
根据IEC60904-1-2020标准对上述实施例1-15以及对比例1-3制得的太阳能电池片100的光伏电流-电压特性进行检测,得到开路电压(Uoc)、短路电流(Isc)、填充因子(FF)、光电转化效率(Eta)和最大输出功率(Pmpp),结果如表1所示,其中,开路电压(Uoc):反应太阳能电池片100开路状态下,所能产生的电压大小,一般为电池的理论最大电压;短路电流(Isc):反应太阳能电池片100无负载状态下,所能产生的电流大小,一般为电池的理论最大电流;填充因子(FF):电池具有最大输出功率时功率与开路电压和短路电流乘积的比值称为填充因子,在开路电压与短路电流固定的情况下,填充因子越高,电池转换效率越高;光电转换效率(Eta):太阳能电池片100输出功率和相应状态下入射太阳光功率的比值(公式I),太阳能电池片100最重要的性能参数,反应电池将光能转换为电能的能力,越高越好,一般取最大输出功率与入射太阳光功率的比值;最大输出功率(Pmpp):达到最大输出功率是对应的电压、电流为最大输出电压Umpp和最大输出电流Impp,
对光伏电流-电压特性检测所得的数据进行归一化处理,归一化处理的公式为:
例如,某实施例转换效率为25.3%,对比例1的转换效率为25%,则该实施例的归一化转换效率为101.2%。归一化数据(开路电压(Uoc)、短路电流(Isc)、填充因子(FF)、光电转化效率(Eta)和最大输出功率(Pmpp))如表1所示。
图13为本申请实施例1提供的太阳能电池片100镀膜后的表面形貌图,图14为本申请对比例1提供的太阳能电池片100镀膜后的表面形貌图;实施例1和对比例1采用相同的镀膜方式,通过肉眼或显微镜可以看出表面有不平整颗粒/粉末,产生爆膜现象。
表1光伏电流-电压特性测试结果。
根据实施例1-15和对比例1-3可以看出,本申请提供的太阳能电池片100膜层的结晶质量适宜,爆膜现象发生概率低,整体结构的可靠性高;同时太阳能电池片100中各膜层收集载流子的能力强,提高了太阳能电池片100的开路电压、短路电流以及填充因子,进一步提高了太阳能电池片100的光电转换效率。根据实施例1-15可以看出,二氧化碳等离子处理、氢气等离子处理、适宜的制备方法、适宜的掺杂元素含量、适宜的膜层设计以及适宜的膜层材质选择,都能进一步提高太阳能电池片100的电化学性能和光电转换效率。根据实施例1和实施例13可以看出,进一步优化掺杂元素与硅元素的比值,可以提高太阳能电池片100的电化学性能。根据实施例和对比例1-3可以看出,太阳能电池片100中具有掺杂元素和形成掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比变化梯度,可以减少太阳能电池片100的界面缺陷和接触电阻,进而提高太阳能电池片100的电化学性能。
以上所述是本申请的优选实施方式,但并不能因此而理解为对本申请范围的限制。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本申请的保护范围。
Claims (20)
- 一种太阳能电池片(100),其中,所述太阳能电池片(100)包括硅衬底(10)、设置在所述硅衬底(10)表面的第一膜层(20)以及设置在所述硅衬底(10)背离所述第一膜层(20)的一侧表面的第二膜层(30);沿所述硅衬底(10)至所述第一膜层(20)的方向上,所述第一膜层(20)包括依次层叠设置的第一发射层(23’)和第一电极层(24),所述第一发射层(23’)与所述硅衬底(10)表面连接,所述第一发射层(23’)靠近所述第一电极层(24)一侧的晶化率大于所述第一发射层(23’)靠近所述硅衬底(10)一侧的晶化率;和/或沿所述硅衬底(10)至所述第二膜层(30)的方向上,所述第二膜层(30)包括依次层叠设置的第二发射层(33’)和第二电极层(34),所述第二发射层(33’)与所述硅衬底(10)表面连接,所述第二发射层(33’)靠近所述第二电极层(34)一侧的晶化率大于所述第二发射层(33’)靠近所述硅衬底(10)一侧的晶化率;所述第一发射层(23’)具有第一掺杂元素,所述第二发射层(33’)具有第二掺杂元素,所述硅衬底(10)具有所述第一掺杂元素或所述第二掺杂元素,所述第一掺杂元素与所述第二掺杂元素不同。
- 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片(100),其中,沿所述硅衬底(10)至所述第一膜层(20)的方向上,所述第一发射层(23’)包括层叠设置的第一种子层(22)和第一发射本层(23),所述第一种子层(22)与所述硅衬底(10)表面连接,所述第一发射本层(23)与所述第一电极层(24)连接,所述第一种子层(22)的晶化率为0.3-0.6,所述第一发射本层(23)的晶化率大于所述第一种子层(22)的晶化率;和/或沿所述硅衬底(10)至所述第二膜层(30)的方向上,第二发射层(33’)包括层叠设置的第二种子层(32)和第二发射本层(33),所述第二种子层(32)与所述硅衬底(10)表面连接,所述第二发射本层(33)与所述第二电极层(34)连接,所述第二种子层(32)的晶化率为0.3-0.6,所述第二发射本层(33)的晶化率大于所述第二种子层(32)的晶化率。
- 如权利要求2所述的太阳能电池片(100),其中,所述第一发射本层(23)的晶化率为0.4-0.7;所述第一种子层(22)的材质包括含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种;所述第一发射本层(23)的材质包括含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种;所述第二发射本层(33)的晶化率为0.4-0.7;所述第二种子层(32)的材质包括微晶硅、微晶氧化硅、微晶碳化硅、含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种;所述第二发射本层(33)的材质包括含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅和含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅中的至少一种;和/或,所述第一发射本层(23)中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(16-19),所述第二发射本层(33)的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(200-300)。
- 如权利要求2或3所述的太阳能电池片(100),其中,所述第二种子层(32)具有所述第二掺杂元素时,所述第二种子层(32)中所述第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比大于所述第一种子层(22)中所述第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比;所述第一发射本层(23)中所述第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比大于所述第一种子层(22)中所述第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比;和/或,所述第一种子层(22)中第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(20-25),所述第二种子层(32)的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(13-14)。
- 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片(100),其中,所述硅衬底(10)和所述第一发射层(23’)之间还包括第一钝化层(21),和/或所述硅衬底(10)和所述第二发射层(33’)之间还包括第二钝化层(31);所述第一钝化层(21)的材质包括非晶硅、非晶氧化硅和碳化硅中的至少一种,所述第二钝化层(31)的材质包括非晶硅、非晶氧化硅和碳化硅中的至少一种;和/或,所述第一钝化层(21)的厚度为7nm-10nm,和/或所述第二钝化层31的厚度为10nm-15nm。
- 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片(100),其中,所述第一膜层(20)还包括设置在所述第一发射层(23’)和第一电极层(24)之间的第一过渡层(25);所述第一过渡层(25)的材质包括含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅和含所述第一掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅中的至少一种;和/或,所述第一过渡层(25)的第一掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(10-16)。
- 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片(100),其中,所述第二膜层(30)还包括设置在所述第二发射层(33’)和所述第二电极层(34)之间的第二过渡层(35);所述第二过渡层(35)的材质包括含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶硅、含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶氧化硅和含所述第二掺杂元素的微晶碳化硅中的至少一种;和/或,所述第二过渡层35的第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(30-200)。
- 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片(100),其中,所述第二膜层(30)还包括设置在所述第二发射层(33’)和所述第二电极层(34)之间的缓冲层(36);所述缓冲层(36)的材质包括含所述第二掺杂元素的非晶硅和含所述第二掺杂元素的非晶氧化硅中的至少一种;和/或,所述缓冲层36中第二掺杂元素与硅元素的摩尔比为1:(10-30)。
- 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片(100),其中,所述第二膜层(30)还包括设置在所述第二发射层(33’)和所述第二电极层(34)之间的第二过渡层(35)和缓冲层(36),所述第二过渡层(35)设置在所述第二发射层(33’)和所述缓冲层(36)之间;和/或,所述缓冲层(36)的厚度为1nm-2nm。
- 如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片(100),其中,所述太阳能电池片(100)的光电转化效率大于25%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池片(100),所述第一电极层(24)包括第一透明导电层(241)和第一金属电极(242),和/或,所述第二电极层(34)包括第二透明导电层(341)和第二金属电极(342);其中,所述第一透明导电层(241)的厚度为90nm-110nm。
- 根据权利要求3所述的太阳能电池片(100),其特征在于,所述第一发射本层(23)的厚度为15nm-20nm,第二发射本层(33)的厚度为20nm。
- 根据权利要求4所述的太阳能电池片(100),所述第一种子层(22)的厚度为3nm-5nm,所述第二种子层(32)的厚度为1nm-3nm。
- 根据权利要求6所述的太阳能电池片(100),其特征在于,所述第一过渡层(25)的厚度为1nm-2nm。
- 根据权利要求7所述的太阳能电池片(100),其特征在于,所述第二过渡层(35)的厚度为5nm-6nm。
- 一种太阳能电池片(100)的制备方法,其中,包括:在硅衬底(10)上沉积形成第一膜层(20)和第二膜层(30),得到太阳能电池片(100);所述太阳能电池片(100)包括硅衬底(10)、设置在所述硅衬底(10)表面的第一膜层(20)以及设置在所述硅衬底(10)背离所述第一膜层(20)的一侧表面的第二膜层(30);沿所述硅衬底(10)至所述第一膜层(20)的方向上,所述第一膜层(20)包括依次层叠第一发射层(23’)和第一电极层(24),所述第一发射层(23’)与所述硅衬底(10)表面连接,所述第一发射层(23’)靠近所述第一电极层(24)一侧的晶化率大于所述第一发射层(23’)靠近所述硅衬底(10)一侧的晶化率;和/或沿所述硅衬底(10)至所述第二膜层(30)的方向上,所述第二膜层(30)包括依次层叠设置第二发射层(33’)和第二电极层(34),所述第二发射层(33’)与所述硅衬底(10)表面连接,所述第二发射层(33’)靠近所述第二电极层(34)一侧的晶化率大于所述第二发射层(33’)靠近所述硅衬底(10)一侧的晶化率;所述第一发射层(23’)具有第一掺杂元素,所述第二发射层(33’)具有第二掺杂元素,所述硅衬底(10)具有所述第一掺杂元素或所述第二掺杂元素,所述第一掺杂元素与所述第二掺杂元素不同。
- 如权利要求16所述的制备方法,其中,在制备所述第一发射层(23’)和/或第二发射层(33’)之前还包括二氧化碳等离子体处理。
- 如权利要求17所述的制备方法,其中,所述二氧化碳等离子体处理中二氧化碳流量为50sccm-200sccm,所述二氧化碳等离子体处理的时间为5s-15s,所述二氧化碳等离子处理的功率为66W/m2-200W/m2。
- 一种太阳能电池,其中,所述太阳能电池片(100)包括权利要求1-10任意一项所述的太阳能电池片(100)或权利要求16-18任意一项所述的制备方法制得的太阳能电池片(100)。
- 一种用电设备,其中,所述用电设备包括权利要求19所述的太阳能电池。
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