WO2025147100A1 - 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025147100A1 WO2025147100A1 PCT/KR2025/000044 KR2025000044W WO2025147100A1 WO 2025147100 A1 WO2025147100 A1 WO 2025147100A1 KR 2025000044 W KR2025000044 W KR 2025000044W WO 2025147100 A1 WO2025147100 A1 WO 2025147100A1
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- battery
- point
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/10—Measuring sum, difference or ratio
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/12—Measuring rate of change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/24—Arrangements for measuring quantities of charge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technology for diagnosing and managing the state of a battery, and more specifically, to a battery management device and method for diagnosing the state of a battery using the characteristics of a differential profile.
- lithium secondary batteries have the advantage of being free to charge and discharge and having a very low self-discharge rate compared to nickel-based secondary batteries, as well as having high energy density and high operating voltage. Therefore, they are being studied more intensively than other types of secondary batteries and are being applied more widely in actual products.
- secondary batteries are widely used not only in small devices such as portable electronic devices, but also in medium and large-sized devices such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems (ESS).
- ESS energy storage systems
- secondary cell-based batteries generate energy through electrochemical reactions, so as the charge/discharge cycle continues or is repeated, they cannot maintain the performance they had when they were first manufactured, that is, the BOL (Beginning Of Life) state, and gradually deteriorate.
- BOL Beginning Of Life
- Conventional representative methods for diagnosing the condition of a battery cell include methods that utilize the behavioral characteristics of the differential profile of the battery cell or changes in peak points, and a three-electrode analysis method using a positive and negative coin half cell (CHC).
- CHC coin half cell
- a conventional method for diagnosing whether a battery cell is degraded or not using the depth of charge, positive end potential, negative end potential, etc. is mainly used.
- the method involves artificially manufacturing a negative coin half cell, a positive coin half cell, etc. with a reference cell having the same specifications as the battery cell to be diagnosed, and comparing their electrical behavior characteristics with the charge/discharge profile of the target cell to determine the positions of the positive and negative electrodes corresponding to the deterioration point.
- the reference cell means a cell in a BOL state, which is not degraded.
- lithium plating may occur, in which the lithium (Li, lithium) cations (Li+) supplied to the cathode are not quickly absorbed by the cathode and are deposited as lithium metal on the surface of the cathode.
- the present invention has been created to solve the problems described above against the background described above, and aims to provide a battery management device and method capable of quickly and reliably diagnosing the current state of a battery using a differential profile of the battery.
- a battery management device may include a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a differential profile indicating a correspondence between a voltage and a differential capacity of a battery; and a control unit configured to determine a first point, which is a start point of a preset target voltage range, a second point having a maximum differential capacity, and a third point having a minimum differential capacity in a voltage range higher than or equal to the voltage of the second point, and to diagnose a state of the battery based on the differential capacities of the first point, the second point, and the third point.
- the control unit may be configured to calculate a first differential capacity difference between the first point and the second point, a second differential capacity difference between the second point and the third point, and a differential capacity ratio between the first differential capacity difference and the second differential capacity difference.
- the above control unit may be configured to compare the differential capacity ratio with a preset first threshold value and diagnose whether lithium plating of the battery has occurred based on the comparison result.
- the control unit may be configured to diagnose that lithium plating has occurred in the battery if the differential capacity ratio is less than or equal to the first threshold value.
- the above control unit may be configured to diagnose that lithium plating has occurred in the battery when the differential capacity of the second point and the differential capacity of the third point are equal.
- the control unit may be configured to determine the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential of the battery from the differential capacity ratio based on a potential profile preset to indicate a correspondence between the differential capacity and the positive electrode potential.
- the above control unit may be configured to compare the negative electrode potential with a preset second threshold value and diagnose whether lithium plating of the battery has occurred based on the comparison result.
- the control unit may be configured to diagnose that lithium plating has occurred in the battery if the differential capacity ratio is less than or equal to the second threshold value.
- the above control unit may be configured to determine the positive electrode charge depth and the negative electrode charge depth of the battery based on the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential.
- a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.
- a vehicle according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.
- a battery management method may include a profile acquisition step of acquiring a differential profile indicating a correspondence between a voltage of a battery and a differential capacity; a point determination step of determining a first point, which is a starting point of a preset target voltage range, a second point having a maximum differential capacity, and a third point having a minimum differential capacity in a voltage range higher than or equal to the voltage of the second point; and a diagnosis step of diagnosing a state of the battery based on the differential capacities of the first point, the second point, and the third point.
- the battery management device has an advantage in that it can diagnose the current state of the battery in a non-destructive manner by comparing the differential capacities of points included in the differential profile of the battery.
- the battery management device has the advantage of being able to specifically diagnose whether lithium plating has occurred in the battery and the depth of charge of the battery.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a first differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the first differential profile of Figure 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a second differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the second differential profile of Figure 4.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating a potential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a drawing illustrating an exemplary configuration of a battery pack including a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic drawing of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery management device (100) may include a profile acquisition unit (110), a control unit (120), and a storage unit (130).
- the battery has a negative terminal and a positive terminal, and means a physically separable independent cell.
- a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered as the battery.
- the type of the battery may be a cylindrical type, a prismatic type, or a pouch type.
- the battery may mean a battery bank, a battery module, or a battery pack in which a plurality of cells are connected in series and/or in parallel.
- the battery is described as meaning a single independent cell.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can be configured to acquire a differential profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and differential capacity of the battery.
- a battery profile is a profile that represents the relationship between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the battery's SOC is charged from a preset start SOC or 0% to a preset end SOC or 100%.
- a battery profile may represent the relationship between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the battery's SOC is discharged from a preset start SOC or 100% to a preset end SOC or 0%.
- a differential profile can be generated that represents the corresponding relationship between the differential capacity (dQ/dV) and the voltage (V).
- the C-rate in the charge or discharge for generating the battery profile.
- the battery should be charged or discharged at a low rate in order to obtain a more accurate battery profile and differential profile.
- the battery profile can be generated in the process of charging or discharging the battery at 0.05C.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly receive the differential profile of the battery from the outside. That is, the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire the differential profile by being connected to the outside by wire and/or wirelessly and receiving the differential profile.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly receive the battery profile of the battery from the outside. Then, the profile acquisition unit (110) can differentiate the battery profile with respect to the voltage to generate a differential profile. That is, the profile acquisition unit (110) can receive the battery profile by being connected to the outside by wire and/or wirelessly, and can directly generate the differential profile from the battery profile, thereby acquiring the differential profile.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can receive battery information about the voltage and capacity of the battery. Then, the profile acquisition unit (110) can generate a battery profile based on the received battery information, and generate a differential profile based on the generated battery profile. That is, the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire a differential profile by directly generating the differential profile based on the battery information.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the control unit (120) so as to be able to communicate with it.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the control unit (120) by wire and/or wirelessly.
- the profile acquisition unit may transmit the acquired differential profile to the control unit (120).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a first differential profile (Pa) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the first differential profile (Pa) can be expressed as an X-Y graph in which the X-axis is set as voltage (V) and the Y-axis is set as differential capacity (dQ/dV).
- the first differential profile (Pa) is a differential profile that represents a correspondence between a preset voltage and differential capacity of a first battery.
- the control unit (120) may be configured to determine a first point, which is a starting point of a preset target voltage section (RT) in the differential profile, a second point having the highest differential capacity, and a third point having the lowest differential capacity in a voltage section higher than the voltage of the second point.
- a first point which is a starting point of a preset target voltage section (RT) in the differential profile
- a second point having the highest differential capacity
- a third point having the lowest differential capacity in a voltage section higher than the voltage of the second point.
- the target voltage range (RT) is a portion of the total voltage range of the battery and can be preset by the control unit (120).
- control unit (120) can determine one or more local minimum points in the differential profile.
- the differential profile can include one or more local minimum points. This is because the differential profile is a profile in which the battery profile is differentiated with respect to voltage, and the slope of the battery profile (the rate of change of voltage and capacity) is not a constant.
- the first differential profile (Pa) may include a first minimum point (m1), a second minimum point (m2), a third minimum point (m3), and a fourth minimum point (m4).
- control unit (120) can determine a minimum point whose voltage corresponds to a preset reference voltage among one or more determined minimum points as a target minimum point.
- control unit (120) can determine a local minimum point among one or more local minimum points whose corresponding voltage is near the reference voltage as the target local minimum point. In other words, the control unit (120) can determine a local minimum point among one or more local minimum points whose corresponding voltage is closest to the reference voltage as the target local minimum point.
- the control unit (120) determines that among the four minimum points (m1, m2, m3, m4) included in the first differential profile (Pa), the minimum point whose corresponding voltage is closest to the reference voltage is the third minimum point (m3). Therefore, the control unit (120) can determine the third minimum point (m3) as the target minimum point.
- control unit (120) can set a voltage range higher than the target voltage corresponding to the target minimum point among the entire voltage range as the target voltage range (RT).
- control unit (120) can set the lower limit of the target voltage range (RT) to the target voltage of the target minimum point, and set the upper limit of the target voltage range (RT) to the upper limit of the entire voltage range of the battery. That is, the control unit (120) can set a voltage range higher than the target voltage as the target voltage range (RT).
- the target voltage (VT) is 4.06 [V].
- the control unit (120) can set a voltage range of 4.06 [V] or more and 4.2 [V] or less as the target voltage range (RT).
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the first differential profile (Pa) of FIG. 2. Specifically, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the target voltage section (RT) of the first differential profile (Pa).
- RT target voltage section
- the control unit (120) may determine the starting point of the target voltage section (RT) as the first point (Pa1). That is, the first point (Pa1) may be a target minimum point included in the first differential profile (Pa). Then, the control unit (120) may determine the point in the target voltage section (RT) where the differential capacitance is the largest as the second point (Pa2). Finally, the control unit (120) may determine the third point (Pa3) where the corresponding differential capacitance is the smallest in the voltage section where the corresponding voltage is higher than or equal to the voltage of the second point (Pa2).
- the second point (Pa2) is a maximum point included in the target voltage section (RT), but depending on the embodiment, the target voltage section (RT) may not include a maximum point. That is, the differential capacity may not decrease in the voltage section after the first point (Pa1). For example, the rate of change of the differential capacity with respect to the voltage in the voltage section after the first point (Pa1) may be 0 or greater. In this case, the second point (Pa2) may be determined as the point at which the differential capacity is the largest in the target voltage section (RT). In addition, the differential capacity of the third point (Pa3) may be equal to the differential capacity of the second point (Pa2).
- the control unit (120) can be configured to diagnose the condition of the battery based on the differential capacities of the first point, the second point, and the third point.
- the differential capacity is a value obtained by differentiating the capacity with respect to the voltage, and means the instantaneous rate of change of the capacity with respect to the voltage.
- the differential capacity is a representative factor that can also confirm the sensitive state change of the battery.
- the differential capacity of the third point may change more rapidly than the differential capacities of the first and second points.
- the degree to which the differential capacity of the third point increases may be greater than the degree to which the differential capacities of the first and second points decrease. Therefore, the control unit (120) can non-destructively diagnose the current state of the battery by diagnosing the state of the battery based on the differential capacities of the first to third points.
- control unit (120) can diagnose whether lithium plating has occurred in the battery based on the differential capacity of the first to third points.
- control unit (120) can determine the depth of charge (DOC) of the battery based on the differential capacity of the first to third points.
- the depth of charge is an indicator of the charging performance of the battery, and is a term indicating the energy storage performance of the battery. For example, the greater the depth of charge of the battery, the more energy can be stored in the battery.
- the control unit (120) can diagnose the current state of the battery more specifically by non-destructively diagnosing the positive depth of charge and the negative depth of charge of the battery.
- the battery management device (100) has an advantage in that it can specifically diagnose the current state of a battery in a non-destructive manner by comparing the differential capacities of three points of a differential profile.
- the battery management device (100) has an advantage in that it can specifically diagnose whether lithium plating has occurred in the battery and the depth of charge of the battery.
- control unit (120) equipped in the battery management device (100) may optionally include a processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, a register, a communication modem, a data processing device, etc. known in the art to execute various control logics performed in the present invention.
- control logic when the control logic is implemented as software, the control unit (120) may be implemented as a set of program modules.
- the program modules may be stored in a memory and executed by the control unit (120).
- the memory may be located inside or outside the control unit (120) and may be connected to the control unit (120) by various well-known means.
- the battery management device (100) may further include a storage unit (130).
- the storage unit (130) may store data or programs required for each component of the battery management device (100) to perform operations and functions, or data generated in the process of performing operations and functions.
- the storage unit (130) is not particularly limited in type as long as it is a known information storage means known to be able to record, erase, update, and read data.
- the information storage means may include a RAM, a flash memory, a ROM, an EEPROM, a register, etc.
- the storage unit (130) may store program codes in which processes executable by the control unit (120) are defined.
- profiles acquired by the profile acquisition unit (110) can be stored in the storage unit (130). Then, the control unit (120) can access the storage unit (130) and acquire the stored profiles.
- control unit (120) diagnoses whether lithium plating has occurred in the battery based on the differential capacity of the first to third points is specifically described.
- the control unit (120) may be configured to calculate a first differential capacity difference for the first point and the second point. And, the control unit (120) may be configured to calculate a second differential capacity difference for the second point and the third point.
- the differential capacity difference between the first point and the second point is Da1
- the differential capacity difference between the second point and the third point is Da2.
- the control unit (120) can be configured to calculate a differential capacity ratio for the first differential capacity difference and the second differential capacity difference.
- the control unit (120) can calculate a value obtained by dividing the second differential capacity difference by the first differential capacity difference as a differential capacity ratio.
- the control unit (120) can calculate the differential capacity ratio by calculating the formula of "Da2 ⁇ Da1" or "Da2 ⁇ Da1 ⁇ 100".
- the differential capacity ratio can be expressed as a value of 0 to 1 or as a value of 0% to 100% depending on the calculation formula.
- the differential capacity ratio is expressed as a value of 0% to 100%.
- the control unit (120) may be configured to compare the differential capacity ratio with a preset first threshold value.
- the first threshold value may be preset to a value corresponding to a differential capacity ratio of the battery in which lithium plating has occurred.
- the first threshold value may be preset to a value of 0% or more and 1% or less.
- the first threshold value may be preset to a value of 0% or more and 0.5% or less. More preferably, the first threshold value may be preset to 0.2%.
- control unit (120) can compare the magnitude of the differential capacity ratio and the first threshold value. That is, the control unit (120) can determine whether the differential capacity ratio is less than or equal to the first threshold value or whether the differential capacity ratio exceeds the first threshold value.
- the differential capacity ratio of the first battery is 76%.
- the control unit (120) can determine that the differential capacity ratio (76%) of the first battery is equal to or greater than the first threshold value (0.2%).
- the control unit (120) may be configured to diagnose whether lithium plating of the battery has occurred based on the comparison result.
- control unit (120) may be configured to diagnose that lithium plating has occurred in the battery if the differential capacity ratio is below a first threshold value.
- the control unit (120) can diagnose that lithium plating has not occurred in the first battery.
- the amount of change in the differential capacity at the third point may be greater than the amount of change in the differential capacity at the first and second points. That is, if the state of the battery changes to such an extent that the differential capacity ratio becomes lower than the first threshold value, it can be diagnosed that lithium metal has been deposited on the negative electrode surface of the battery without disassembling the battery.
- the battery management device (100) has the advantage of being able to non-destructively diagnose whether lithium plating has occurred in the battery based on the differential capacity ratio between some points in the differential profile.
- the battery condition can be diagnosed only by analyzing the profile for the target voltage section (RT) among the differential profiles. Therefore, the battery management device (100) has the advantage of being able to diagnose the battery condition more quickly and using fewer system resources than when analyzing the entire differential profile.
- control unit (120) may be configured to diagnose that lithium plating has occurred in the battery when the differential capacity of the second point and the differential capacity of the third point are the same.
- the second point may not appear as a maximum point.
- the second point may be determined as a point corresponding to the highest differential capacity in the target voltage range (RT).
- RT target voltage range
- the differential capacity of the third point and the differential capacity of the second point may be the same.
- the second point and the third point may be the same.
- the voltages of the second point and the third point are the upper limits of the target voltage range (RT)
- the differential capacity is the highest differential capacity of the target voltage range (RT).
- the second point and the third point may be different, but the differential capacitances may be the same.
- the second point and the third point may be different.
- the voltage of the second point (e.g., 4.15 [V]) and the voltage of the third point (e.g., 4.2 [V]) are different, but the differential capacitances of the second and third points are the highest differential capacitances in the target voltage section (RT).
- the control unit (120) can calculate the second differential capacity difference as 0. And, since the second differential capacity difference is 0, the control unit (120) can calculate the differential capacity ratio as 0. In this case, since the differential capacity ratio is always less than or equal to the first threshold value, the control unit (120) can be configured to diagnose that lithium plating has occurred in the battery.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a second differential profile (Pb) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the second differential profile (Pb) can be expressed as an X-Y graph in which the X-axis is set as voltage (V) and the Y-axis is set as differential capacity (dQ/dV).
- the second differential profile (Pb) is a differential profile that represents a correspondence between a preset voltage and differential capacity of a second battery.
- the second differential profile (Pb) may include first to fourth minimum points (m1, m2, m3, m4). Since the voltage of the third minimum point (m3) is closest to the preset reference voltage (4 [V]), the control unit (120) may determine the third minimum point (m3) as the target minimum point.
- the target voltage (VT) corresponding to the target minimum point is 4.06 [V]. Accordingly, the control unit (120) may set a voltage range of 4.06 [V] or more and 4.2 [V] or less as the target voltage range (RT).
- Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the second differential profile (Pb) of Fig. 4. Specifically, Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the target voltage section (RT) of the second differential profile (Pb).
- control unit (120) can determine the starting point of a preset target voltage section (RT) in the differential profile as the first point (Pb1). Then, the control unit (120) can determine the point with the largest differential capacity in the target voltage section (RT) as the second point (Pb2). Finally, the control unit (120) can determine the point with the smallest corresponding differential capacity in a voltage section higher than the voltage of the second point (Pb2) as the third point (Pb3).
- control unit (120) can calculate a first differential capacity difference (Db1) between the first point and the second point, calculate a second differential capacity difference (Db2) between the second point and the third point, and calculate a differential capacity ratio of the second differential capacity difference (Db2) to the first differential capacity difference (Db1).
- the differential capacity ratio of the second battery is 42%.
- the control unit (120) can determine that the differential capacity ratio (42%) of the second battery is equal to or greater than the first threshold value (0.2%). Accordingly, the control unit (120) can diagnose that lithium plating has not occurred in the second battery.
- Fig. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating a potential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the potential profile of Fig. 6 is a potential profile preset to correspond to a battery having a charge termination voltage (or upper limit voltage) of 4.2 [V].
- the differential capacity ratio of the first battery was calculated as 76%, and the differential capacity ratio of the second battery was calculated as 42%.
- the control unit (120) can determine the positive electrode potential of the first battery as 4.2335 [V], and the negative electrode potential as 0.0335 [V].
- the control unit (120) can determine the positive electrode potential of the second battery as 4.2175 [V], and the negative electrode potential as 0.0175 [V].
- control unit (120) may be configured to determine the positive electrode charge depth and the negative electrode charge depth of the battery based on the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential.
- the first battery can be charged until the positive electrode potential reaches 4.2335 [V] and the negative electrode potential reaches 0.0335 [V].
- the control unit (120) can calculate the positive electrode charge amount until the positive electrode potential reaches 4.2335 [V] by referring to the positive electrode profile corresponding to the first battery. Then, the control unit (120) can determine the calculated positive electrode charge amount as the positive electrode charge depth.
- the control unit (120) can calculate the negative electrode charge amount until the negative electrode potential reaches 0.0335 [V] by referring to the negative electrode profile corresponding to the first battery. Then, the control unit (120) can determine the calculated negative electrode charge amount as the negative electrode charge depth.
- the positive electrode profile corresponding to the battery is a profile representing the current positive electrode state of the battery, and can represent the correspondence between the positive electrode capacity and the positive electrode potential.
- a preset reference positive electrode profile is provided for a battery in the BOL (Beginning of Life) state or a theoretically ideal reference cell, and the positive electrode profile can be prepared by adjusting (or fitting) the reference positive electrode profile to correspond to the current state of the battery.
- the negative electrode profile corresponding to the battery is a profile representing the current negative electrode state of the battery, and can represent the correspondence between the negative electrode capacity and the negative electrode potential.
- a preset reference negative electrode profile is provided for a battery in the BOL state or a theoretically ideal reference cell, and the negative electrode profile can be prepared by adjusting (or fitting) the reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the current state of the battery. Since the adjustment process of the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile can be applied in a conventional manner, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- control unit (120) may be configured to compare the cathode potential with a preset second threshold value.
- the second threshold value may be preset to a value corresponding to the negative electrode potential of the battery in which lithium plating occurs.
- the second threshold value may be preset to a value lower than or equal to 0 [V].
- the second threshold value may be preset to a value lower than or equal to -0.1 [V]. More preferably, the second threshold value may be preset to -0.1 [V].
- the second threshold value is -0.1 [V].
- control unit (120) can compare the magnitude of the negative potential and the second threshold value. That is, the control unit (120) can determine whether the negative potential is lower than or equal to the second threshold value or whether the negative potential exceeds the second threshold value.
- the negative potential of the first battery is 0.0335 [V]
- the negative potential of the second battery is 0.0175 [V].
- the control unit (120) can determine that both the negative potentials of the first battery and the second battery are equal to or higher than the second threshold value (-0.1 [V]).
- the control unit (120) may be configured to diagnose whether lithium plating occurs in the battery based on the comparison result. That is, the control unit (120) may diagnose whether lithium plating occurs in the battery using not only the differential capacity ratio of the battery but also the cathode potential.
- control unit (120) may be configured to diagnose that lithium plating has occurred in the battery if the differential capacity ratio is less than or equal to a second threshold value.
- the control unit (120) can diagnose that lithium plating has not occurred in the first battery.
- the negative electrode potential (0.0175 [V]) of the second battery is equal to or higher than the second threshold value (-0.1 [V]
- the control unit (120) can diagnose that lithium plating has not occurred in the second battery.
- the battery management device (100) can diagnose the state of the battery more objectively and complementarily by diagnosing the state of the battery based on the differential capacity ratio and/or the negative electrode potential.
- the battery management device (100) according to the present invention can be applied to a BMS (Battery Management System). That is, the BMS according to the present invention can include the battery management device (100) described above. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management device (100) can be implemented by supplementing or adding the functions of the components included in the conventional BMS. For example, the profile acquisition unit (110), the control unit (120), and the storage unit (130) of the battery management device (100) can be implemented as components of the BMS.
- the battery management device (100) according to the present invention may be equipped in a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present invention may include the battery management device (100) described above and one or more battery cells. In addition, the battery pack may further include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.) and a case, etc.
- FIG. 7 is a drawing illustrating an exemplary configuration of a battery pack including a battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the positive terminal of the battery (11) can be connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (10), and the negative terminal of the battery (11) can be connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10).
- the measuring unit (12) can be connected to the first sensing line (SL1), the second sensing line (SL2), and the third sensing line (SL3). Specifically, the measuring unit (12) can be connected to the positive terminal of the battery (11) through the first sensing line (SL1), and can be connected to the negative terminal of the battery (11) through the second sensing line (SL2). The measuring unit (12) can measure the voltage of the battery (11) based on the voltage measured at each of the first sensing line (SL1) and the second sensing line (SL2).
- the measuring unit (12) can be connected to the current measuring unit (A) through the third sensing line (SL3).
- the current measuring unit (A) can be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and the discharging current of the battery (11).
- the measuring unit (12) can measure the charging current of the battery (11) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the charging amount.
- the measuring unit (12) can measure the discharging current of the battery (11) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the discharging amount.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can receive a differential profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and differential capacity of the battery (11) from the measurement unit (12).
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can receive a battery profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery (11) from the measurement unit (12). Then, the profile acquisition unit (110) can differentiate the battery profile with respect to the voltage to generate a differential profile.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can receive battery information about the voltage and capacity of the battery (11) from the measurement unit (12). Then, the profile acquisition unit (110) can generate a battery profile and a differential profile from the received battery information.
- An external device may be connected to the positive terminal (P+) and the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10).
- the external device may be a charging device or a load.
- the positive terminal of the battery (11), the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (10), the external device, the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10), and the negative terminal of the battery (11) may be electrically connected.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic drawing of a vehicle (700) according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the profile acquisition step (S100) is a step of acquiring a differential profile that represents a correspondence between the voltage and differential capacity of the battery, and can be performed by the profile acquisition unit (110).
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Abstract
Description
Claims (12)
- 배터리의 전압과 미분 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 미분 프로파일 획득하도록 구성된 프로파일 획득부; 및상기 미분 프로파일의 미리 설정된 타겟 전압 구간에서 상기 타겟 전압 구간의 시작점인 제1 포인트, 상기 미분 용량이 최고인 제2 포인트 및 상기 제2 포인트의 전압 이상의 전압 구간에서 상기 미분 용량이 최소인 제3 포인트를 결정하고, 상기 제1 포인트, 상기 제2 포인트 및 상기 제3 포인트의 미분 용량에 따라 상기 배터리의 상태를 진단하도록 구성된 제어부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 제1 포인트와 상기 제2 포인트에 대한 제1 미분 용량차를 산출하고, 상기 제2 포인트와 상기 제3 포인트에 대한 제2 미분 용량차를 산출하며, 상기 제1 미분 용량차와 상기 제2 미분 용량차에 대한 미분 용량 비율을 산출하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 미분 용량 비율과 미리 설정된 제1 임계값을 비교하고, 비교 결과에 따라 상기 배터리의 리튬 플레이팅의 발생 여부를 진단하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 미분 용량 비율이 상기 제1 임계값 이하이면, 상기 배터리에 상기 리튬 플레이팅이 발생된 것으로 진단하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 제2 포인트의 미분 용량과 상기 제3 포인트의 미분 용량이 동일한 경우, 상기 배터리에 리튬 플레이팅이 발생된 것으로 진단하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,미분 용량과 양음극 전위 간의 대응 관계를 나타내도록 미리 설정된 전위 프로파일에 기반하여, 상기 미분 용량 비율로부터 상기 배터리의 양극 전위 및 음극 전위를 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 음극 전위와 미리 설정된 제2 임계값을 비교하며, 비교 결과에 따라 상기 배터리의 리튬 플레이팅 발생 여부를 진단하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 미분 용량 비율이 상기 제2 임계값 이하이면, 상기 배터리에 상기 리튬 플레이팅이 발생된 것으로 진단하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 양극 전위 및 상기 음극 전위에 기반하여 상기 배터리의 양극 충전 심도 및 음극 충전 심도를 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는 자동차.
- 배터리의 전압과 미분 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 미분 프로파일 획득하는 프로파일 획득 단계;상기 미분 프로파일의 미리 설정된 타겟 전압 구간에서 상기 타겟 전압 구간의 시작점인 제1 포인트, 상기 미분 용량이 최고인 제2 포인트 및 상기 제2 포인트의 전압 이상의 전압 구간에서 상기 미분 용량이 최소인 제3 포인트를 결정하는 포인트 결정 단계; 및상기 제1 포인트, 상기 제2 포인트 및 상기 제3 포인트의 미분 용량에 따라 상기 배터리의 상태를 진단하는 진단 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 방법.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP25736254.1A EP4726409A1 (en) | 2024-01-04 | 2025-01-02 | Apparatus and method for managing battery |
| CN202580002256.2A CN121079601A (zh) | 2024-01-04 | 2025-01-02 | 电池管理装置和方法 |
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| KR10-2024-0001796 | 2024-01-04 | ||
| KR1020240001796A KR20250107066A (ko) | 2024-01-04 | 2024-01-04 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
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| WO2025147100A1 true WO2025147100A1 (ko) | 2025-07-10 |
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| KR (1) | KR20250107066A (ko) |
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| WO (1) | WO2025147100A1 (ko) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017129493A (ja) * | 2016-01-21 | 2017-07-27 | 横河電機株式会社 | 二次電池容量測定システム及び二次電池容量測定方法 |
| KR20210141096A (ko) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-11-23 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 상태 진단 장치 및 방법 |
| KR20220009918A (ko) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-01-25 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
| US20220342003A1 (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2022-10-27 | Powerup | Method for determining the state of health of a lithium-ion battery |
| KR20230019705A (ko) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-09 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
| KR20240001796A (ko) | 2022-06-27 | 2024-01-04 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 장치 및 그 제조방법 |
-
2024
- 2024-01-04 KR KR1020240001796A patent/KR20250107066A/ko active Pending
-
2025
- 2025-01-02 CN CN202580002256.2A patent/CN121079601A/zh active Pending
- 2025-01-02 WO PCT/KR2025/000044 patent/WO2025147100A1/ko active Pending
- 2025-01-02 EP EP25736254.1A patent/EP4726409A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017129493A (ja) * | 2016-01-21 | 2017-07-27 | 横河電機株式会社 | 二次電池容量測定システム及び二次電池容量測定方法 |
| US20220342003A1 (en) * | 2019-10-01 | 2022-10-27 | Powerup | Method for determining the state of health of a lithium-ion battery |
| KR20210141096A (ko) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-11-23 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 상태 진단 장치 및 방법 |
| KR20220009918A (ko) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-01-25 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
| KR20230019705A (ko) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-09 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
| KR20240001796A (ko) | 2022-06-27 | 2024-01-04 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 장치 및 그 제조방법 |
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| KR20250107066A (ko) | 2025-07-11 |
| CN121079601A (zh) | 2025-12-05 |
| EP4726409A1 (en) | 2026-04-15 |
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