WO2025115560A1 - 藻類養殖システムおよびそれを用いた藻類の養殖方法 - Google Patents

藻類養殖システムおよびそれを用いた藻類の養殖方法 Download PDF

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WO2025115560A1
WO2025115560A1 PCT/JP2024/039729 JP2024039729W WO2025115560A1 WO 2025115560 A1 WO2025115560 A1 WO 2025115560A1 JP 2024039729 W JP2024039729 W JP 2024039729W WO 2025115560 A1 WO2025115560 A1 WO 2025115560A1
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algae
sargassum
cultivation
water
serrata
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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充美 植田
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Kyoto University NUC
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Kyoto University NUC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an algae cultivation system and a method for cultivating algae using the same.
  • algae (3G) biomass which includes macroalgae and microalgae, has higher productivity per year than starch-based (1G) and woody (2G) biomass.
  • macroalgae are known to have a significantly higher CO2 absorption/fixation ratio than other biomasses, and to have relatively simple biomass energy production processes and production conditions (Non-Patent Document 1).
  • Japan is an island nation surrounded by the sea, and has an exclusive economic zone (the sixth largest in the world) that is approximately 12 times the size of its land area. This means that there are many seaweed beds that are suitable for cultivating large algae.
  • the present invention aims to solve the above problems, and has as its objective to provide an algae cultivation system that can more efficiently cultivate various types of algae, including large algae, and that can accommodate a variety of production scales, as well as an algae cultivation method using the same.
  • the present invention relates to an algae farming system, comprising: an algae cultivation means immersed in water and having the algae fixed thereon; A substrate for growing algae is provided below the algae cultivating means with a space therebetween; Equipped with The algae cultivation system has a shortest distance between the algae cultivation means and the adhesion substrate of 3.0 m to 14.5 m.
  • the water is natural seawater or artificial seawater.
  • the algae is at least one macroalgae selected from the group consisting of Sargassaceae brown algae and Laminariales brown algae.
  • the algae cultivation means is fixed in a suspended position in the seawater.
  • the present invention also provides a method for cultivating algae, comprising the steps of: Fixing algae to an algae cultivation means in said algae cultivation system under water; conjugate propagation of the algae to a substrate in the algae farming system via zoospores or fertilized eggs released by the algae; recovering the algae from both the algae cultivation means and the growth substrate;
  • the method includes:
  • the water is natural seawater or artificial seawater.
  • the algae is at least one type of macroalgae selected from the group consisting of Sargassum serrata, Sargassum tamahahakiensis, Sargassum tschonoskii, Sargassum umbellata, Sargassum akiyoremoku, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum endophyllum, Sargassum yatsumatamoku, kelp, wakame, Antokume, Eisenia bicolor, Kurome (a subspecies of Ecklonia cava), Ecklonia kajime, and Sagarame.
  • macroalgae selected from the group consisting of Sargassum serrata, Sargassum tamahahakiensis, Sargassum tschonoskii, Sargassum umbellata, Sargassum akiyoremoku, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum endophyllum, Sargassum yatsumatamoku, kelp, wakame, Antokume, Eisenia bicolor, Kurome
  • the algae is cultivated continuously throughout the year under conditions where the algae species are changed according to the time of maturation.
  • the present invention also provides a method for producing a bioethanol raw material, Fixing algae to an algae cultivation means in an underwater algae cultivation system; conjugate propagation of the algae to a substrate in the algae farming system via zoospores or fertilized eggs released by the algae; recovering the algae from both the algae cultivation means and the growth substrate as the bioethanol feedstock;
  • the method includes:
  • the water is natural seawater or artificial seawater.
  • the algae is at least one type of macroalgae selected from the group consisting of Sargassum serrata, Sargassum tamahahakiensis, Sargassum tschonoskii, Sargassum umbellata, Sargassum akiyoremoku, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum endophyllum, Sargassum yatsumatamoku, kelp, wakame, Antokume, Eisenia bicolor, Kurome (a subspecies of Ecklonia cava), Ecklonia kajime, and Sagarame.
  • macroalgae selected from the group consisting of Sargassum serrata, Sargassum tamahahakiensis, Sargassum tschonoskii, Sargassum umbellata, Sargassum akiyoremoku, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum endophyllum, Sargassum yatsumatamoku, kelp, wakame, Antokume, Eisenia bicolor, Kurome
  • the algae is cultivated continuously throughout the year under conditions where the algae species are changed according to the time of maturation.
  • the present invention it is possible to efficiently cultivate algae such as large algae by increasing the productivity per unit area of the seaweed bed. Furthermore, no special machinery is required for this cultivation. Furthermore, it is possible to cultivate algae almost continuously throughout the year, and the obtained algae can be more stably provided as a raw material for Akiho ethanol, for example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an algae cultivation system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another example of an algae cultivation system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another example of an algae farming system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing yet another example of an algae farming system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the types of macroalgae that can be cultured using the algae cultivation system of the present invention and their maturity times (times of maximum biomass) in Japan.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an algae cultivation system of the present invention.
  • the algae cultivation system (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the "system") 100 comprises an algae cultivation means 110 and an adhesion substrate 120.
  • the algae cultivation means 110 is immersed in water and has algae fixed thereto in advance.
  • the algae cultivation means 110 has, for example, a net-like, rope-like or wire-like form and is made of materials such as chemical fibers (e.g., nylon and polyester and combinations thereof), natural fibers (e.g., hemp, cotton, silk, and straw and combinations thereof), and metals (e.g., stainless steel, tungsten, aluminum, and copper and combinations thereof).
  • a preferred example of the algae cultivation means 110 is a fishing net.
  • the algae cultivation means 110 is a fishing net
  • thickness number
  • mesh size dimensions
  • number of vertical meshes hangs
  • horizontal size spaces
  • the algae 106 to be cultivated is fixed to the algae cultivation means 110.
  • the algae 106 may be of the same species, or two or more species may be fixed.
  • the algae 106 is attached to a thread (e.g., Cremona thread) known to those skilled in the art, and is fixed by winding the thread around the algae cultivation means 110.
  • a thread e.g., Cremona thread
  • the algae 106 may grow in fresh water, brackish water, or sea water.
  • the type of algae 106 to be cultivated may be selected according to the water 142 in the cultivation environment.
  • the algae 106 is preferably algae that can grow in sea water, because it can be cultivated in large quantities using the marine environment.
  • the algae 106 is preferably large algae, because it has a high CO2 fixation ratio as described above.
  • the seawater may be either natural seawater or artificial seawater.
  • the algae cultivation system of the present invention is placed in the sea.
  • the algae cultivation system of the present invention does not have to be placed in the sea.
  • it may also be used as a land-based cultivation system on land, such as in a factory.
  • the algae 106 belonging to the macroalgae are not particularly limited, but examples thereof include brown algae belonging to the Sargassaceae family and brown algae belonging to the Laminaria family.
  • Algae 106 belonging to macroalgae are not particularly limited, but may be, for example, Sargassum horneri, Sargassum muticum, Sargassum micracanthum, Sargassum thunbergii, Sargassum siliguastrum, Sargassum piluliferum, Sargassum autumnale, Sargassum macrocarpum, Sargassum ringgoldianum ssp. coreanum, Sargassum yendoi, Sargassum serrata ...
  • the algae 106 belonging to the macroalgae that can be fixed to the algae cultivation means 110 may be one type or a combination of two or more types according to their maturity times.
  • Algae horneri and Algae serrata may be used alone or in combination as algae 106.
  • the algae 106 may be Sargassum horneri, Sargassum tamahahakiensis, and Sargassum gracilis, either alone or in combination.
  • the algae 106 may be selected from among Scutellaria baicalensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Scutellaria quinata, Scutellaria quinata, Scutellaria quinata, and Scutellaria quinata, either alone or in combination.
  • algae 106 may be selected from among Sargassum serrata, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum serrata, Eisenia bicolor, Ecklonia cuneata, and Sargassum gracilis, either alone or in combination.
  • algae 106 may be selected from among Sargassum serrata, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum serrata, Sargassum serrata, Eisenia bicolor, Ecklonia cuneata, and Sargassum gracilis, either alone or in combination.
  • Akiyoremoku may be used as the algae 106.
  • the algae cultivation means 110 has ends 112, 114 fixed to a float 130 floating on the water surface 140, and the ends 112, 114 are fixed to the float 130 at an arbitrary interval, and are arranged in a suspended state in the water 142 so that, for example, the float 130 is bent in a gentle U-shape as a whole.
  • the float 130 may be fixed, for example, using a wire 132 and an anchor 134 to prevent it from moving in any direction on the water surface 140.
  • the algae cultivation means 110 may also have a tubular (e.g., cylindrical or rectangular) net 145 (e.g., a fishing net) arranged around its periphery, extending vertically in the water.
  • the cylindrical net 145 protects the algae 106 from water movement such as tides, and creates a gentle cultivation environment inside the net 145.
  • the bottom end 146 of the net 145 may not be in contact with the water bottom 147 so that it floats in the water 142, or it may be in contact with the water bottom 147.
  • the adhesion substrate 120 is an artificial object placed on the bottom surface 150 of the water 142, and is made of a relatively thin material having a predetermined plane, such as a fabric, sheet, or plate having a predetermined thickness.
  • the adhesion substrate 120 may be a woven, knitted, or nonwoven fabric made of chemical fibers such as nylon and polyester; natural fibers such as hemp, cotton, silk, and straw; metal filaments such as stainless steel, tungsten, aluminum, and copper; and combinations thereof; a sheet made of thermoplastic resin (e.g., nylon and polyester, and combinations thereof), elastomer, and rubber, and combinations thereof; or a plate (including, for example, a hollow plate) made of thermoplastic resin (e.g., nylon and polyester, and combinations thereof), elastomer, rubber, stainless steel, tungsten, aluminum, copper, wood, concrete, mortar, and glass, and combinations thereof.
  • the thickness of the adhesion substrate 120 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 cm to 100 cm, and more preferably 50 cm to 70 cm. If the thickness of the adhesion substrate 120 is less than 30 cm, it may not have sufficient strength and may be easily washed away by water currents such as tides. If the thickness of the adhesion substrate 120 exceeds 100 cm, it may become heavy overall, which may increase the difficulty of placing it on the water bottom surface 150 and/or removing it from the water 142 and recovering it.
  • the adhesion substrate 120 may be a combination of multiple pieces of the above-mentioned fabric, sheet and/or plate material cut to an appropriate size and placed on the water bottom surface 150.
  • the size of the adhesion substrate 120 is not particularly limited, but is designed to be larger than the algae cultivation means 110 suspended above, or the same as or larger than the horizontal cross section of the vertically extending cylindrical net 145.
  • algae 106' are fixed (attached) to the adhesion substrate 120 through temporary roots (attaching organs).
  • This algae 106' is not artificially placed, but grows naturally on the adhesion substrate 120 due to zoospores or fertilized eggs 160 discharged from the algae 106 suspended from the algae cultivation means 110.
  • the algae 106' may be of the same species as the algae 106 suspended from the algae cultivation means 110, but may also grow naturally due to other zoospores or fertilized eggs provided from outside while floating in the water 142.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another example of an algae farming system of the present invention.
  • the adhesion substrate 120' has multiple folds 122'. Because the adhesion substrate 120' has such a shape, the algae 106' that has grown naturally on the adhesion substrate 110 can be easily collected by a person skilled in the art by using the folds 122' of the adhesion substrate 110 to pull the algae 106' above the water surface 140.
  • the algae 106 fixed to the algae cultivation means 110 release reproductive cells or fertilized eggs 160 into the water 142 as they grow.
  • the algae 106 is brown algae of the Laminariaceae family, the sporophyte will release zoospores and gametophytes, which are reproductive cells. If the algae 106 is brown algae of the Sargassaceae family, the adult will release fertilized eggs.
  • the zoospores (reproductive cells) and fertilized eggs released from such algae 106 can be used to reach the adhesion substrate 110.
  • the algae 106' is grown "conjugatively" with the algae 106 through the reproductive cells or fertilized eggs 160 that have reached the adhesion substrate 110, and as a result, the algae 106, 106' can be cultivated both in the algae cultivation means 110 and in the adhesion substrate 120 arranged below it.
  • the shortest distance between the algae cultivation means 110 and the adhesion substrate 120 is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the type of seaweed to be cultivated and the degree of water movement such as tidal currents at the cultivation site, but is 3.0 m to 14.5 m, preferably 4.0 m to 10 m. If the shortest distance between the algae cultivation means 110 and the adhesion substrate 120 is less than 3.0 m, for example, zoospores (reproductive cells) or fertilized eggs 160 released from the algae 106 may be excessively carried away by the water flow such as tidal currents before reaching the adhesion substrate 120 below, which may result in difficulty in cultivating the algae 106' conjugately on the adhesion substrate 120. If the shortest distance between the algae cultivation means 110 and the adhesion substrate 120 exceeds 14.5 m, it may be difficult for the amount of sunlight necessary for cultivating the algae 106' to reach the adhesion substrate 120 at such a depth.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another example of an algae farming system of the present invention.
  • the algae cultivation means 110 are fixed to a number of buoys 330 instead of the floats 130 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the resulting algae cultivation system 300 can have a simpler or more compact configuration.
  • Algae cultivation system 300 shown in FIG. 3 also allows reproductive cells or fertilized eggs 160 released from algae 106 suspended from algae cultivation means 110 to move to the adhesion substrate 120, and algae 106' can be cultivated conjugately on the adhesion substrate 120 together with the algae 106.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing yet another example of an algae farming system of the present invention.
  • the algae cultivation means 110 is fixed to a number of buoys 330 instead of the floats 130 shown in FIG. 1.
  • ends 412, 414 of the algae cultivation means 110 are fixed to a frame 430 that floats on the water surface 140, and the frame 430 is fixed to anchors 134 located in the water 142 through a number of rigid supports 432.
  • This configuration limits the movement of the frame 430 on the water surface 140. This reduces the possibility that the algae cultivation system 400 will be washed away elsewhere due to, for example, strong winds.
  • Algae cultivation system 4 shown in FIG. 4 also allows reproductive cells or fertilized eggs 160 released from algae 106 suspended from algae cultivation means 110 to move to the adhesion substrate 120, and algae 106' can be cultivated conjugately on the adhesion substrate 120 together with the algae 106.
  • the algae cultivation system of the present invention can cultivate a larger amount of algae in a limited area seen from the water surface.
  • the algae 106' on the attachment substrate 120 can be grown conjugately through the algae 106 suspended from the algae cultivation means 110, and both the algae 106 and 106' can be easily collected.
  • algae are first fixed to the algae cultivation means in the algae cultivation system in water (e.g., fresh water, brackish water, or sea water).
  • water e.g., fresh water, brackish water, or sea water.
  • the algae fixed to the algae cultivation means are preferably juveniles that have been grown in advance by a method known to those skilled in the art.
  • algae such as large algae secrete bromophenols such as 2,4-dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol outside the algae.
  • bromophenols function as chemical defense substances (repellents) against marine algae-eating animals such as fish and shellfish, and as a result, the above-mentioned seaweed erosion can be avoided.
  • the algae are then conjugated to the attachment substrate in the algae farming system through reproductive cells or fertilized eggs released by the algae.
  • Release of reproductive cells or fertilized eggs from algae is carried out by waiting for the algae (juveniles) fixed to the algae cultivation means to start growing naturally after a certain period of time has elapsed since the algae (juveniles) are released into the ocean when they are cultivated in the ocean.
  • This certain period of time varies depending on the type of algae being cultivated, the season, and the cultivation environment (e.g., water temperature, cultivation density), and is not necessarily limited, but is preferably 150 to 360 days after fixation (or release) to the algae cultivation means.
  • the period until the released reproductive cells or fertilized eggs are accepted by the settlement substrate and conjugate breeding is carried out also varies depending on the type of algae being cultivated, the season, and the cultivation environment (e.g., water temperature, cultivation density), and is not necessarily limited, but is preferably 30 to 60 days after the release of reproductive cells or fertilized eggs from the algae.
  • the cultivation environment e.g., water temperature, cultivation density
  • the algae is then harvested from both the algae cultivation means and the adhesion substrate.
  • the target algae can be recovered not only from the algae cultivation means but also from the adhesion substrate, so the amount of algae recovered is definitely greater than when the algae cultivation means is used alone.
  • Algae cultivated by the above method can be used as a raw material for bioethanol, which can be obtained, for example, by the method described below.
  • a raw material for bioethanol it is desirable that the raw material be obtained in a constant amount regardless of the season.
  • Figure 5 shows the relationship between the types of macroalgae that can be cultivated using the algae cultivation system of the present invention and their maturity times (times of maximum abundance) in areas south of Tohoku in Japan.
  • the large algae that can be cultivated in the waters off Japan have different maturity periods depending on the type, but overall, any type of algae can be obtained from January to December.
  • January to May in Japan corresponds to the maturation period for Akamoku and Tamahahakimoku.
  • March to May in Japan corresponds to the maturation period for Akamoku, Tamahahakimoku, and Togemoku.
  • June to August in Japan corresponds to the maturation period for Umitorano, Yoremoku, Mametawara, Endo-seki, and Yatsumatamoku.
  • July to September in Japan corresponds to the maturation period for Sargassum serrata, Willow-sargassum, and Antokume.
  • September to November in Japan corresponds to the maturation period for Akiyoremoku, Eisenia biennis, Kurome, Ecklonia cava, and Sagarame.
  • September to December in Japan corresponds to the maturation period for Akiyoremoku.
  • Algae e.g., large algae
  • sugars such as cellulose, hemicellulose, alginic acid, mannitol, and laminaran.
  • ethanol i.e., bioethanol
  • bioethanol Methods for producing bioethanol using cultivated algae as a bioethanol raw material are known.
  • bioethanol can be produced using arming yeast that displays certain enzymes on the cell surface.
  • Examples of enzymes displayed on the cell surface of arming yeast include endoglucanase, ⁇ -glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, xylanase, ⁇ -xylosidase, xylose isomerase, exo- and endo-alginate lyase, and laminarin degrading enzyme (Gly5M).
  • arming yeast examples include cellulolytic arming yeast (Fujita et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68, 5136-5141 (2002); Bae et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 81, 59-66 (2015)), hemicellulose-decomposing arming yeast (Fujita et al., J. Mol. Catalys. 17, 189-195 (2002); Ota, et al., Biotechnol. Prog ress, 29, 346-351 (2013); Sasaki, et al., Biotechnol.
  • Bioethanol obtained by this method can be used, for example, as automobile fuel to replace gasoline. Furthermore, because the bioethanol is produced through algae cultivation as described above, there is no competition with food production.
  • the obtained bioethanol can be stably supplied to the market. Furthermore, since it is possible to cultivate large algae with a high CO2 absorption/fixation ratio, it is also useful as a negative emission technology that captures and absorbs CO2 emitted into the environment. As a result, the present invention can also contribute to the realization of carbon neutrality.
  • Example 1 Preparation of algae cultivation system (R1)
  • the algae cultivation system (R1) shown in FIG. 1 was prepared as follows.
  • the algae 106 was seeded on Cremona thread (36 strands, left 3 twists, length 5 m) as the large algae Laminaria family brown algae prepared in Example 2 described below, and the thread was wound around a 12 mm diameter poly rope with a left twist to prepare the algae cultivation means 110. Ten of these were prepared and hung on a float 130, a fishing net (net 145) was set around it, and the algae cultivation means 110 was fixed with an anchor 134 at a location (cultivation site) about 100 m offshore from Obama Port, Toba City, Mie Prefecture, Japan.
  • the seabed at the cultivation site was covered with an adhesion substrate 120 (thickness 50 cm) made of a fabric combining chemical fibers and natural fibers, and the end of the adhesion substrate 120 was fixed to the seabed surface 150 so that it would not move due to the tidal current.
  • the shortest distance between the algae cultivation means 110 and the adhesion substrate 120 at this cultivation site was approximately 8 m. This resulted in the creation of the titled algae cultivation system (R1).
  • Example 2 Cultivation of macroalgae
  • brown algae of the Laminaria family were cultivated as follows.
  • Cremona thread was submerged in a container filled with seawater and then cultured at 18°C to 20°C. This culture was continued until the young bodies (sporophytes) reached a size that could be seen with the naked eye.
  • Cremona thread was wrapped around a poly rope as described above and released into the sea. Cultivation was continued near the sea surface for about half a year, and it was confirmed that Kurome (Ecklonia cava ssp.
  • Kurome a subspecies of Ecklonia cava
  • Polysaccharides such as cellulose, hemicellulose, alginic acid, mannitol, and laminaran
  • the Kurome cultivated in Example 2 also contained a large amount of these polysaccharides. For this reason, when cultured using each arming yeast shown in Table 2, the desired ethanol could be produced efficiently.
  • the present invention is useful, for example, for obtaining raw materials for bioethanol production.

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  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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PCT/JP2024/039729 2023-11-30 2024-11-08 藻類養殖システムおよびそれを用いた藻類の養殖方法 Pending WO2025115560A1 (ja)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59205921A (ja) * 1983-05-09 1984-11-21 富山漁網株式会社 藻場造成法
JPS60105444A (ja) * 1983-11-11 1985-06-10 府川　進 藻場造成用ロ−プ基材
JP2009038971A (ja) * 2007-08-06 2009-02-26 Okabe Co Ltd 海藻類の増殖方法
JP2014180232A (ja) * 2013-03-19 2014-09-29 Public Works Research Institute 藻食性動物の餌料供給を兼用した海藻の生育方法および生育用基材
JP2018501956A (ja) * 2014-11-07 2018-01-25 ビクター ウィルソン トリスタン 大型藻類を用いるバイオリアクター
JP2023060792A (ja) * 2021-10-18 2023-04-28 株式会社エコニクス コンブ類の藻場造成方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59205921A (ja) * 1983-05-09 1984-11-21 富山漁網株式会社 藻場造成法
JPS60105444A (ja) * 1983-11-11 1985-06-10 府川　進 藻場造成用ロ−プ基材
JP2009038971A (ja) * 2007-08-06 2009-02-26 Okabe Co Ltd 海藻類の増殖方法
JP2014180232A (ja) * 2013-03-19 2014-09-29 Public Works Research Institute 藻食性動物の餌料供給を兼用した海藻の生育方法および生育用基材
JP2018501956A (ja) * 2014-11-07 2018-01-25 ビクター ウィルソン トリスタン 大型藻類を用いるバイオリアクター
JP2023060792A (ja) * 2021-10-18 2023-04-28 株式会社エコニクス コンブ類の藻場造成方法

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