WO2025103129A1 - 车辆换电装置及换电系统 - Google Patents

车辆换电装置及换电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025103129A1
WO2025103129A1 PCT/CN2024/128058 CN2024128058W WO2025103129A1 WO 2025103129 A1 WO2025103129 A1 WO 2025103129A1 CN 2024128058 W CN2024128058 W CN 2024128058W WO 2025103129 A1 WO2025103129 A1 WO 2025103129A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking
unlocking
load
bearing
battery replacement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/128058
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴凯
产利兵
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025103129A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025103129A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of vehicle battery replacement, and in particular to a vehicle battery replacement device and a battery replacement system.
  • Secondary batteries especially lithium-ion batteries, have the advantages of high voltage, high specific energy, long cycle life, green and pollution-free, wide operating temperature range and low self-discharge. They are widely used in the power equipment of new energy electric vehicles and are of great significance to solving human environmental pollution and energy crisis.
  • a vehicle battery replacement device for replacing a battery assembly of a vehicle, comprising: a walkable chassis; a locking and unlocking platform, arranged on the walkable chassis; and a lifting mechanism, arranged on the walkable chassis and operably connected to the locking and unlocking platform, configured to drive the locking and unlocking platform to rise and fall; wherein the locking and unlocking platform comprises: a frame structure, configured to support a battery assembly to be installed or removed; and at least one locking and unlocking mechanism, arranged on the frame structure, for achieving locking or unlocking of the battery assembly relative to the vehicle.
  • the present embodiment adopts a locking and unlocking platform including a frame structure with a strong load-bearing capacity to support the battery assembly and install the locking and unlocking mechanism. This can eliminate the need for the flange plate while meeting the rigidity requirement of the locking and unlocking platform, thereby reducing the overall height of the locking and unlocking platform, thereby reducing the demand for the vehicle chassis height space required by the vehicle battery swapping device and improving the adaptability of the vehicle battery swapping device to vehicles with different chassis heights.
  • the frame structure includes: a pair of load-bearing beams, the load-bearing beams having a plurality of support beams.
  • the pair of load-bearing beams is used to support the battery assembly, and the relative positions of the pair of load-bearing beams are fixed by connecting beams to improve the load-bearing capacity of the load-bearing beams.
  • the load beam has a plurality of mounting portions, and the at least one locking and unlocking mechanism is selectively mountable in at least some of the plurality of mounting portions.
  • the load-bearing beam In addition to supporting the battery assembly, the load-bearing beam also provides a mounting portion for a locking and unlocking mechanism, so that the locking and unlocking mechanism can be selectively installed according to the position of the locking head of the battery assembly, thereby achieving adaptability to locking and unlocking different battery assemblies.
  • the mounting portion includes a mounting hole that passes through the load-bearing beam along a first direction, the first direction is parallel to the load-bearing surface of the load-bearing beam and forms an angle with the extension direction of the load-bearing beam, the locking and unlocking mechanism is passed through the mounting hole and has an output end that protrudes upward relative to the load-bearing surface of the load-bearing beam.
  • the locking and unlocking mechanism is installed by passing through the mounting hole of the load-bearing beam along the first direction, and the output of the locking and unlocking mechanism protrudes upward, so that the locking and unlocking mechanism and the load-bearing beam partially overlap in height, thereby saving the height occupied by the locking and unlocking mechanism in the direction perpendicular to the load-bearing surface of the load-bearing beam, which is beneficial to further reduce the overall height of the locking and unlocking platform, reduce the demand for vehicle chassis height space required by the vehicle battery swapping device, and improve the adaptability of the vehicle battery swapping device to vehicles with different chassis heights.
  • the mounting portion also includes a first positioning groove located on the side wall of the load-bearing beam, the first positioning groove is recessed along the first direction relative to the side wall of the load-bearing beam, the mounting hole is located at the bottom of the first positioning groove, and a portion of the outer contour of the locking and unlocking mechanism is configured to be embedded in the first positioning groove when the locking and unlocking mechanism is inserted into the mounting hole.
  • the first positioning groove on the side wall of the load-bearing beam is used to realize the positioning function of the locking and unlocking mechanism when the mounting hole is installed, so as to improve the alignment degree between the output end of the locking and unlocking mechanism and the locking head of the battery.
  • the first positioning groove extends along a vertical direction of the bearing surface of the bearing beam to at least one of the bearing surface of the bearing beam and an opposite side surface of the bearing surface.
  • the machining process of the first positioning groove can be simplified and the machining efficiency can be improved.
  • the locking and unlocking mechanism includes: a right-angle reversing reducer, which is inserted into the mounting hole and fixedly connected to the mounting hole; a motor, which is drivingly connected to the right-angle reversing reducer and is located on the inner side of the pair of load-bearing beams; and a locking and unlocking sleeve, which is rotatably arranged in the right-angle reversing reducer and is located on the inner side of the pair of load-bearing beams.
  • a right-angle reversing reducer is used to connect the horizontally arranged motor and the vertically output locking and unlocking sleeve, so that the locking and unlocking sleeve can match the locking head on the battery assembly, and the battery can be locked or unlocked through the right-angle reversing reducer under the drive of the motor.
  • this right-angle structure occupies less height space, which is conducive to further reducing the overall height of the locking and unlocking platform, reducing the demand for vehicle chassis height space required by the vehicle battery swapping device, and improving the adaptability of the vehicle battery swapping device to different vehicle chassis heights.
  • the motor comprises a servo motor.
  • the use of a servo motor to drive the locking and unlocking sleeve can improve the accuracy of the locking and unlocking operation and reduce the risk of failure of the locking and unlocking operation.
  • the locking and unlocking mechanism also includes an elastic member, which is disposed in the right-angle reversing reducer and connected to the locking and unlocking sleeve.
  • the locking and unlocking sleeve is configured to displace downward relative to the right-angle reversing reducer in response to a downward extrusion force and to deform the elastic member.
  • the locking head may not reach the matching position with the locking hole at the top of the locking and unlocking sleeve, and the locking head and the locking hole cannot be engaged.
  • the locking and unlocking sleeve is subjected to downward extrusion force and moves downward relative to the right-angle reversing reducer, and compresses the elastic member.
  • the elastic member can provide elastic force to engage the two when the locking hole rotates to a position aligned with the locking head of the battery, thereby realizing the connection between the locking and unlocking sleeve and the locking head of the battery, thereby further realizing the locking or unlocking of the battery.
  • the locking and unlocking platform includes a plurality of locking and unlocking mechanisms, and the plurality of locking and unlocking mechanisms include two groups of the locking and unlocking mechanisms arranged at intervals on the paired load beams, and the two groups of the locking and unlocking mechanisms are staggered along the extension direction of the load beams.
  • the locking and unlocking platform further includes: a guide structure, disposed on the load-bearing beam, configured to guide the movement of the battery assembly relative to the frame structure.
  • the battery assembly By guiding the movement of the battery assembly through the guide structure on the unlocking platform, the battery assembly can be removed from the vehicle or installed on the vehicle smoothly and stably.
  • the guide structure includes: a pin seat, which can be selectively arranged at at least one position on the outer side wall of the pair of load-bearing beams; and a guide pin, which is arranged on the pin seat and protrudes upward relative to the load-bearing surface of the load-bearing beam.
  • the position of the pin holder on the outer side wall of the load beam is optional, so that it can be adjusted accordingly according to the specific position of the guide hole of different battery assemblies, thereby meeting the guidance requirements of different battery assemblies.
  • the guide pin can be easily loaded, unloaded and replaced.
  • the load-bearing beam has a second positioning groove located on the outer side wall of the pair of load-bearing beams, the pin seat is embedded in the second positioning groove and fixedly connected to the bottom of the second positioning groove, the second positioning groove is concave relative to the side wall of the load-bearing beam along the first direction, and extends in a direction perpendicular to the load-bearing surface of the load-bearing beam.
  • the second positioning groove is used to position the pin seat, and the guide angle accuracy of the guide pin arranged on the pin seat is improved through the stable positioning of the pin seat.
  • the frame structure includes a plurality of the connecting beams, and the pin seat is arranged opposite to an end portion of at least one of the plurality of connecting beams connected to the load-bearing beam.
  • the force can be transmitted to the corresponding connecting beam when the guide pin or the pin seat is subjected to lateral force, thereby improving the overall rigidity of the locking and unlocking platform.
  • the link beam comprises:
  • a support plate having a bearing surface for supporting a battery assembly to be installed or removed
  • the reinforcing structure is fixedly connected to the support plate and at least one of the pair of load-bearing beams.
  • the use of a supporting plate capable of carrying battery assemblies in the connecting beam can increase the supporting area of the battery assembly, improve the supporting stability of the battery assembly, reduce the rigidity requirements for the bearing beam, and help reduce the requirements for the material and size of the bearing beam.
  • the strengthening structure can strengthen the supporting plate and reduce the deformation of the supporting plate when supporting the battery assembly.
  • the bearing surface of the support plate is flush with the bearing surface of the bearing beam.
  • the frame structure can form a larger and flatter supporting area for the battery assembly, thereby improving the stability of the battery assembly support.
  • the frame structure includes at least three connecting beams, the at least three connecting beams are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the load-bearing beam, and together with the paired load-bearing beams, enclose at least two areas arranged along the extension direction of the load-bearing beam, and the locking and unlocking platform includes a plurality of locking and unlocking mechanisms, and a portion of each locking and unlocking mechanism The structure is located in one of the at least two regions.
  • the locking and unlocking platform further comprises a flexible sling connected to the lifting mechanism.
  • the flexible sling can achieve the floating of the locking and unlocking platform relative to the lifting mechanism, so that the lateral force can be relieved when the locking and unlocking mechanism matches the locking head of the battery assembly, reducing the risk of damage to the locking and unlocking mechanism due to installation or operation errors.
  • the vehicle battery replacement device includes a plurality of locking and unlocking platforms, and the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms are arranged at intervals along at least one direction perpendicular to the lifting direction of the locking and unlocking platforms.
  • the lifting mechanism includes: a lifting frame connected to the frame structure of the multiple locking and unlocking platforms; and a lifting drive mechanism, arranged on the walkable chassis and drivingly connected to the lifting frame, configured to drive the lifting frame to rise and fall, so as to drive the multiple locking and unlocking platforms to rise and fall synchronously.
  • the frame structure of multiple locking and unlocking platforms is connected by the lifting frame, so that the multiple locking and unlocking platforms can be lifted and lowered synchronously by driving the lifting frame to meet the needs of overall lifting of the battery assembly.
  • the lifting frame includes: a first lifting member, a second lifting member and a plurality of connecting beams, the first lifting member and the second lifting member are arranged opposite to each other, the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms are located between the first lifting member and the second lifting member, one end of the plurality of connecting beams is fixedly connected to the first lifting member, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second lifting member, one end of the frame structure of the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms adjacent to the first lifting member is connected to the first lifting member through a flexible sling, and one end of the frame structure of the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms adjacent to the second lifting member is connected to the second lifting member through a flexible sling.
  • each locking and unlocking platform The two ends of the frame structure of each locking and unlocking platform are connected by a first lifting member and a second lifting member, and the first lifting member and the second lifting member are connected by a plurality of connecting beams to reduce the risk of the lifting frame flipping.
  • the upper side of the first lifting member and the upper side of the second lifting member each have a plurality of notches, and the flexible sling is located at a solid portion between adjacent notches in the plurality of notches at the connection points between the first lifting member and the second lifting member.
  • the connection points of the flexible sling and the first lifting member and the second lifting member at higher positions can be achieved.
  • the flexible sling and the locking and unlocking platform at least partially overlap in the height direction, which is beneficial to lowering the height of the vehicle battery replacement device and reducing the The height space requirement of the vehicle chassis is improved to improve the adaptability of the vehicle battery replacement device to different vehicle chassis heights.
  • the notch can facilitate the entry of the relevant structure of the battery assembly, simplifying the loading and unloading operation of the battery assembly relative to the vehicle battery replacement device.
  • the number of the plurality of connecting beams is the same as the number of the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms, and they correspond one to one.
  • each locking and unlocking platform When the frame structure of each locking and unlocking platform is connected to the first lifting member and the second lifting member through a flexible sling, the connecting beams corresponding to each locking and unlocking platform can make the force on the lifting frame more uniform and reduce the risk of excessive deformation due to local force.
  • At least one of the plurality of connecting beams has one or more weight-reducing holes arranged at intervals along an extension direction of the connecting beam.
  • the weight of the connecting beam is reduced by using the weight-reducing holes on the connecting beam to reduce the weight of the lifting frame, thereby helping to reduce the overall weight of the vehicle battery replacement device.
  • a battery replacement system comprising: the aforementioned vehicle battery replacement device.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a battery replacement scenario according to some embodiments of a vehicle battery replacement device of the present disclosure
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of some embodiments of the vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a locking and unlocking platform in some embodiments of a vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame structure in some embodiments of a vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a locking and unlocking mechanism in some embodiments of a vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure
  • FIG6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a locking and unlocking mechanism in some embodiments of a vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a walkable chassis and a lifting mechanism in some embodiments of the vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure
  • FIG8 and FIG9 are enlarged views of the positions corresponding to circle A and circle B in FIG2 , respectively.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present disclosure refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery may be a battery module.
  • the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.
  • the battery module may include multiple battery cells connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • the battery may be a battery pack, which includes a case and battery cells, wherein the battery cells or battery modules are accommodated in the case.
  • the battery cell may be a secondary battery.
  • a secondary battery refers to a battery cell that can be continuously used by activating active materials by charging after the battery cell is discharged.
  • the battery cell can be a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery, a sodium lithium ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a sodium metal battery, a lithium sulfur battery, a magnesium ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a lead storage battery, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarities, and also includes a separator disposed between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the first pole piece is a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece is a negative pole piece.
  • the first pole piece is a negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece is a positive pole piece.
  • active ions such as lithium ions
  • the separator is disposed between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, which can prevent the positive and negative poles from short-circuiting, while allowing active ions to pass through.
  • the positive electrode sheet may include a positive electrode current collector substrate and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector substrate.
  • the positive electrode current collector substrate has two surfaces facing each other in its thickness direction, and the positive electrode active material layer is disposed on any one or both of the two facing surfaces of the positive electrode current collector substrate.
  • the positive electrode current collector substrate may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • the metal foil aluminum or stainless steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel or titanium, etc., treated with silver surface, may be used.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer.
  • the composite current collector may be formed by placing a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • the positive electrode active material layer may include at least one of the following materials: lithium-containing phosphate, lithium transition Metal oxides and their respective modified compounds.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to these materials, and other traditional materials that can be used as positive electrode active material layers of batteries can also be used.
  • These positive electrode active material layers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • examples of lithium-containing phosphates may include, but are not limited to, at least one of lithium iron phosphate, a composite material of lithium iron phosphate and carbon, lithium manganese phosphate, a composite material of lithium manganese phosphate and carbon, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and a composite material of lithium iron manganese phosphate and carbon.
  • lithium transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, at least one of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt oxide, lithium manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and modified compounds thereof.
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector substrate.
  • the negative electrode current collector substrate can be a metal foil, a foamed metal or a composite current collector.
  • a metal foil aluminum or stainless steel treated with silver, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel or titanium, etc. can be used.
  • the foamed metal can be a foamed nickel, a foamed copper, a foamed aluminum, a foamed alloy, or a foamed carbon, etc.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base and a metal layer.
  • the composite current collector may be formed by placing a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • a metal material copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.
  • a polymer material substrate such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector substrate and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector substrate.
  • the negative electrode current collector substrate has two surfaces facing each other in its thickness direction, and the negative electrode active material layer is disposed on any one or both of the two facing surfaces of the negative electrode current collector substrate.
  • the negative electrode active material layer may adopt the negative electrode active material layer for battery cells known in the art.
  • the negative electrode active material layer may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, lithium titanate, etc.
  • the silicon-based material may be selected from at least one of elemental silicon, silicon oxide compounds, silicon-carbon composites, silicon-nitrogen composites, and silicon alloys.
  • the tin-based material may be selected from at least one of elemental tin, tin oxide compounds, and tin alloys.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to these materials, and other traditional materials that can be used as negative electrode active material layers for batteries may also be used. These negative electrode active material layers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector substrate may be aluminum, and the material of the negative electrode current collector substrate may be copper.
  • the separator is a separator.
  • the present disclosure has no particular limitation on the type of separator, and any known separator with a porous structure having good chemical stability and mechanical stability can be selected.
  • the main material of the separator can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and ceramic.
  • the separator can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, without particular limitation. When the separator is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer can be the same or different, without particular limitation.
  • the separator can be a separate component located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, or it can be located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet and attached to the surface of the positive electrode sheet and/or the surface of the negative electrode sheet.
  • the separator is a solid electrolyte, which is disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate and serves to transmit ions and isolate the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the battery cell further includes an electrolyte, which plays a role of conducting ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • an electrolyte which plays a role of conducting ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the present disclosure has no specific restrictions on the type of electrolyte, which can be selected according to needs.
  • the electrolyte can be liquid, gel or solid.
  • the liquid electrolyte includes an electrolyte salt and a solvent.
  • the electrolyte salt can be selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalatoborate, lithium dioxalatoborate, lithium difluorodioxalatophosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate.
  • the solvent can be selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butyrolactone, cyclopentane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone and diethyl sulfone.
  • the solvent can also be selected from ether solvents.
  • Ether solvents can include one or more of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, diphenyl ether and crown ether.
  • the gel electrolyte includes a polymer as the electrolyte skeleton network, combined with an ionic liquid-lithium salt.
  • the solid electrolyte includes a polymer solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, and a composite solid electrolyte.
  • the polymer solid electrolyte may be polyether (polyethylene oxide), polysiloxane, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, a single ion polymer, polyionic liquid-lithium salt, cellulose, and the like.
  • the inorganic solid electrolyte can be an oxide solid electrolyte (crystalline perovskite, sodium superconducting ion conductor, garnet, amorphous LiPON film), a sulfide solid electrolyte (crystalline lithium superion conductor (lithium germanium phosphosulfide, argyrodite), amorphous sulfide) and one or more of halide solid electrolytes, nitride solid electrolytes and hydride solid electrolytes.
  • oxide solid electrolyte crystalline perovskite, sodium superconducting ion conductor, garnet, amorphous LiPON film
  • a sulfide solid electrolyte crystalline lithium superion conductor (lithium germanium phosphosulfide, argyrodite), amorphous sulfide)
  • halide solid electrolytes halide solid electrolytes
  • nitride solid electrolytes and hydride solid electrolytes
  • the composite solid electrolyte is formed by adding an inorganic solid electrolyte filler to a polymer solid electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly includes a winding structure.
  • the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet and the separator are wound into a winding structure.
  • the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet can be provided with one or more respectively.
  • a plurality of positive electrode sheets and a plurality of negative electrode sheets are alternately arranged along the thickness direction of the electrode sheet.
  • the shape of the electrode assembly can be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode tab
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode tab
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be used to conduct current from the electrode assembly.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are connected to the positive current collector substrate and the negative current collector substrate, respectively.
  • the tab can be formed by cutting or trimming the current collector substrate, or can be connected to the side of the current collector substrate by welding.
  • the battery cell may include a housing.
  • the housing is used to encapsulate components such as the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the housing may be a steel housing, an aluminum housing, a plastic housing (such as polypropylene), a composite metal housing (such as a copper-aluminum composite housing), or an aluminum-plastic film.
  • the battery cell may be a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, a soft-pack battery cell or a battery cell of other shapes.
  • the prismatic battery cell includes a square-shell battery cell, a blade-shaped battery cell, a polygonal battery, such as a hexagonal battery.
  • battery assemblies of new energy vehicles that can be replaced are replaced at battery replacement stations.
  • Some battery replacement stations use battery replacement robots to enter the lower space of the vehicle to install and remove batteries.
  • the locking and unlocking mechanism in the battery replacement robot is installed on the entire flange plate.
  • the flange plate is also used to carry the battery assembly to be installed or removed.
  • the flange plate needs to have a certain thickness in order to obtain sufficient rigidity, which makes the overall height of the entire battery replacement robot relatively high, making it difficult to use in battery replacement vehicles with a lower chassis.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a vehicle battery replacement device and a battery replacement system, which can improve the adaptability of vehicle battery replacement.
  • a vehicle battery replacement device which is used to replace the battery assembly of a vehicle, comprising: a walkable chassis; a locking and unlocking platform, which is arranged on the walkable chassis; and a lifting mechanism, which is arranged on the walkable chassis and is operably connected to the locking and unlocking platform and is configured to drive the locking and unlocking platform to rise and fall; wherein the locking and unlocking platform comprises: a frame structure, which is configured to support the battery assembly to be installed or removed; and at least one locking and unlocking mechanism, which is arranged on the frame structure, and is used to realize the relative locking and unlocking of the battery assembly For locking or unlocking the vehicle.
  • the present embodiment adopts a locking and unlocking platform including a frame structure with a strong load-bearing capacity to support the battery assembly and install the locking and unlocking mechanism. This can eliminate the need for the flange plate while meeting the rigidity requirement of the locking and unlocking platform, thereby reducing the overall height of the locking and unlocking platform, thereby reducing the demand for the vehicle chassis height space required by the vehicle battery swapping device and improving the adaptability of the vehicle battery swapping device to vehicles with different chassis heights.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a battery replacement scenario according to some embodiments of the vehicle battery replacement device disclosed herein.
  • the vehicle 40 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, etc., the vehicle may be a household vehicle or a commercial vehicle.
  • a battery assembly 41 may be provided at the bottom of the vehicle 40.
  • the vehicle battery replacement device can disassemble the battery assembly 41 installed on the vehicle 40 at the bottom of the vehicle 40, and can also install the battery assembly 41 on the vehicle 40 at the bottom of the vehicle 40.
  • the vehicle battery replacement device can enter the height space H formed between the bottom of the vehicle 40 and the support surface G.
  • the support surface G can be the ground of the site of the battery replacement station or the surface of the battery replacement platform.
  • the battery assembly 41 can be used to power the vehicle 40.
  • the battery assembly 41 can be used as the operating power supply of the vehicle 40 and the circuit system of the vehicle 40, such as the working power demand during the start, navigation and operation of the vehicle 40.
  • the battery assembly 41 can not only be used as the operating power supply of the vehicle 40, but also as the driving power supply of the vehicle 40, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving force for the vehicle 40.
  • the vehicle 40 may also be provided with axles, wheels, motors and controllers, and the controller is used to control the power supplied by the battery assembly 41 to the motor.
  • the battery assembly 41 replaces or partially replaces fuel or natural gas to provide the motor with the power required for uniform speed and acceleration.
  • the motor is used to drive the axle to rotate, thereby driving the wheels to rotate.
  • the battery assembly 41 may include one or more batteries. In different battery assemblies, at least one of the size, shape, specification, quantity and position of the batteries is different. In addition to the batteries, the battery assembly 41 may also include a frame structure for fixing multiple batteries.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of some embodiments of the vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the locking and unlocking platform in some embodiments of the vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a vehicle battery replacement device for replacing a battery assembly 41 of a vehicle 40.
  • the vehicle battery replacement device includes: a walkable chassis 10, a locking and unlocking platform 20, and a lifting mechanism 30.
  • the locking and unlocking platform 20 is arranged on the walkable chassis 10.
  • the lifting mechanism 30 is arranged on the walkable chassis 10.
  • the locking and unlocking platform 20 is operably connected to the locking and unlocking platform 20 and is configured to drive the locking and unlocking platform 20 to rise and fall.
  • the locking and unlocking platform 20 includes: a frame structure 21 and at least one locking and unlocking mechanism 22.
  • the frame structure 21 is configured to support the battery assembly 41 to be installed or removed.
  • At least one locking and unlocking mechanism 22 is arranged on the frame structure 21 to achieve locking or unlocking of the battery assembly 41 relative to the vehicle 40.
  • this embodiment adopts a locking and unlocking platform 20 including a frame structure 21 with a strong load-bearing capacity to support the battery assembly 41 and install the locking and unlocking mechanism 22.
  • This can eliminate the need for the flange plate while meeting the rigidity requirement of the locking and unlocking platform 20, thereby reducing the overall height of the locking and unlocking platform 20, thereby reducing the height space requirement of the vehicle 40 chassis required by the vehicle battery swapping device, and improving the adaptability of the vehicle battery swapping device to vehicles 40 with different chassis heights.
  • the walkable chassis 10 can realize the operation on the support surface G through a walking mechanism.
  • the walking mechanism can adopt rollers that can walk on a plane, or can adopt track wheels that can run on a track.
  • the locking and unlocking platform 20 is used to install the locking and unlocking mechanism 22, and can support the new battery assembly to be replaced or the old battery assembly to be removed.
  • the lifting mechanism 30 is used to drive the locking and unlocking platform 20 to rise and fall, so as to achieve the docking, locking or unlocking of the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 and the battery assembly 41, and to raise or lower the height position of the battery assembly carried by the locking and unlocking platform 20 by raising or lowering the locking and unlocking platform 20.
  • the frame structure 21 is a support structure formed by connecting a plurality of beams, and the connection method may include welding, riveting or bolt connection, and may also include connection by pin shaft and other methods.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the frame structure in some embodiments of the vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure.
  • the frame structure 21 includes a pair of load-bearing beams 211 and a connecting beam 212.
  • the load-bearing beams 211 have a load-bearing surface 2112 for supporting the battery assembly 41 to be installed or removed.
  • the connecting beam 212 is located between the pair of load-bearing beams 211 and is fixedly connected to the pair of load-bearing beams 211.
  • the pair of load beams 211 may be a pair of load beams 211, multiple pairs of load beams 211, or at least two groups of two adjacent load beams 211 in multiple load beams 211.
  • the connecting beam 212 is used to connect the pair of load beams 211 so that the pair of load beams 211 and the connecting beam 212 form an integral structure.
  • the pair of load beams 211 are used to support the battery assembly 41, and the relative positions of the pair of load beams 211 are fixed by the connecting beams 212, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity of the load beams 211.
  • the frame structure 21 is also lighter in weight.
  • the load beam 211 has a plurality of mounting portions 2111 , and the at least one locking and unlocking mechanism 22 is selectively installed in at least some of the plurality of mounting portions 2111 .
  • the load-bearing beam 211 also provides a mounting portion 2111 for the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 , so that the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 can be selectively installed according to the position of the locking head of the battery assembly 41 , thereby achieving adaptability to locking and unlocking different battery assemblies 41 .
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 it can be seen that a plurality of mounting portions 211 are provided on the load beam 211, some of which have been installed with the locking and unlocking mechanism 22, while some of which are not installed with the locking and unlocking mechanism 22.
  • the position of the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 in these mounting portions 211 can be set according to the specific conditions of the battery assembly 41, for example, the installation position of the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 can be determined according to the size, size, composition form of the battery assembly 41 and the relative position of the locking head, so as to meet the battery replacement requirements of different battery assemblies 41 relative to the vehicle 40.
  • the mounting portion 2111 includes a mounting hole 2111a that penetrates the load-bearing beam 211 along a first direction dr1, the first direction dr1 is parallel to the load-bearing surface 2112 of the load-bearing beam 211, and forms an angle with the extension direction of the load-bearing beam 211, the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 is penetrated through the mounting hole 2111a, and has an output end that protrudes upward relative to the load-bearing surface 2112 of the load-bearing beam 211.
  • the first direction dr1 is parallel to the bearing surface 2112 of the bearing beam 211 and forms an angle with the extension direction of the bearing beam 211.
  • the angle may be 90° or other angle values greater than or less than 90°.
  • the second direction dr2 is parallel to the extension direction of the bearing beam 211
  • the third direction dr3 is perpendicular to the bearing surface 2112 of the bearing beam 211.
  • the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 is installed by passing through the mounting hole 2111a of the load-bearing beam 211 along the first direction dr1, and the output of the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 protrudes upward, so that the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 partially overlaps with the load-bearing beam 211 in height, thereby saving the occupied height of the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 in the direction perpendicular to the load-bearing surface 2112 of the load-bearing beam 211, which is beneficial to further reduce the overall height of the locking and unlocking platform 20, reduce the demand for the height space of the vehicle 40 chassis required by the vehicle battery swapping device, and improve the adaptability of the vehicle battery swapping device to different vehicle 40 chassis heights.
  • the mounting portion 2111 also includes a first positioning groove 2111b located on the side wall of the load-bearing beam 211, the first positioning groove 2111b is recessed relative to the side wall of the load-bearing beam 211 along the first direction dr1, the mounting hole 2111a is located at the bottom of the first positioning groove 2111b, and a portion of the outer contour of the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 is configured to be embedded in the first positioning groove 2111b when the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 is inserted into the mounting hole 2111a.
  • Part of the outer contour of the locking and unlocking structure 22 can be embedded in the first positioning groove 2111b and contact the inner side wall of the first positioning groove 2111b to achieve a snap-fit effect.
  • the first positioning groove 2111b on the side wall of the load beam 211 realizes the positioning of the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 when it is installed in the mounting hole 2111a, so as to improve the alignment between the output end of the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 and the locking head of the battery.
  • the first positioning groove 2111 b extends along a vertical direction of the bearing surface 2112 of the bearing beam 211 to at least one of the bearing surface 2112 of the bearing beam 211 and an opposite side surface 2113 of the bearing surface 2112 .
  • the first positioning groove 2111b extends upward to the bearing surface 2112 and extends downward to the opposite side surface 2113.
  • the first positioning groove can be processed from the bearing surface 2112 or the opposite side surface 2113 along the third direction dr3, which is conducive to simplifying the processing process of the first positioning groove 2111b and improving the processing efficiency.
  • the locking and unlocking platform 20 includes a plurality of locking and unlocking mechanisms 22, and the plurality of locking and unlocking mechanisms 22 include two groups of the locking and unlocking mechanisms 22 arranged at intervals on the paired load-bearing beams 211, and the two groups of the locking and unlocking mechanisms 22 are staggered along the extension direction of the load-bearing beams 211.
  • each set of locking and unlocking mechanisms 22 includes a plurality of locking and unlocking mechanisms, and each locking and unlocking mechanism is separated from other locking and unlocking mechanisms on the same load-bearing beam 211 in the second direction dr2, and is staggered from the locking and unlocking mechanisms on the adjacent load-bearing beams 211.
  • the locking and unlocking platform 20 further includes a guide structure 23 .
  • the guide structure 23 is disposed on the load-bearing beam 211 and is configured to guide the movement of the battery assembly 41 relative to the frame structure 21 .
  • the battery assembly 41 By guiding the movement of the battery assembly 41 by the guide structure 23 on the unlocking platform 20 , the battery assembly 41 can be removed from the vehicle 40 or installed on the vehicle 40 smoothly and stably.
  • the guide structure 23 includes: a pin seat 231 and a guide pin 232.
  • the pin seat 231 can be selectively disposed at at least one position on the outer side wall of the pair of load beams 211.
  • the guide pin 232 is disposed on the pin seat 231 and protrudes upward relative to the load bearing surface 2112 of the load beam 211.
  • the guide pin 232 protruding upward is installed by the pin seat 231 arranged on the outer side wall of the load beam 211.
  • the guide pin 232 can be easily loaded, unloaded and replaced.
  • the location of the pin holder 231 on the outer side wall of the load-bearing beam 211 is optional, so that it can be adjusted accordingly according to the specific location of the guide hole of different battery assemblies 41, thereby meeting the guide requirements of different battery assemblies 41.
  • one or more pin holders 231 can be set.
  • the two load-bearing beams 211 of the guide structure 23 are each provided with a pin holder 231, and are staggered in the second direction dr2.
  • the load-bearing beam 211 has a second positioning groove 2111c located on the outer side wall of the pair of load-bearing beams 211, the pin seat 231 is embedded in the second positioning groove 2111c and fixedly connected to the bottom of the second positioning groove 2111c, the second positioning groove 2111c is concave relative to the side wall of the load-bearing beam 211 along the first direction dr1, and extends in a direction perpendicular to the load-bearing surface 2112 of the load-bearing beam 211.
  • the second positioning groove 2111 c is used to position the pin seat 231 , and the accuracy of the guide angle of the guide pin provided on the pin seat is improved through the stable positioning of the pin seat 231 .
  • the frame structure 21 includes a plurality of the connecting beams 212 , and the pin seat 231 is disposed opposite to an end portion of at least one of the plurality of connecting beams 212 connected to the load-bearing beam 211 .
  • the pin seat 231 is arranged at a position opposite to the connection end of the connecting beam 212 , so that when the guide pin 232 or the pin seat 231 is subjected to lateral force, the force can be transmitted to the corresponding connecting beam 212 , thereby improving the overall rigidity of the locking and unlocking platform 20 .
  • each second positioning groove 2111c is respectively located at a position on the load-bearing beam corresponding to the two ends of part of the connecting beam 212.
  • the lateral contact between the second positioning groove 2111c and the pin seat 231 helps to transfer the lateral force exerted on the guide pin 232 or the pin seat 231 to the load-bearing beam, thereby further improving the overall stiffness of the locking and unlocking platform 20.
  • the connection beam 212 includes: a support plate 2121 and a reinforcement structure 2122.
  • the support plate 2121 has a bearing surface 2121a for supporting a battery assembly 41 to be installed or removed.
  • the reinforcement structure 2122 is fixedly connected to the support plate 2121 and at least one of the paired load beams 211.
  • the reinforcement structure 2122 may include reinforcement ribs and may be located at the lower side of the support plate 2121.
  • the connection beam 212 uses a support plate 2121 capable of carrying the battery assembly 41 to increase the support area of the battery assembly 41, improve the support stability of the battery assembly 41, reduce the rigidity requirements for the load-bearing beam 211, and help reduce the requirements for the material and size of the load-bearing beam 211.
  • the reinforcement structure 2122 can strengthen the support plate 2121 and reduce the deformation of the support plate 2121 when supporting the battery assembly 41.
  • the bearing surface 2121 a of the support plate 2121 is flush with the bearing surface 2112 of the bearing beam 211 .
  • the frame structure 21 can form a larger and flatter supporting area for the battery assembly 41, thereby improving the stability of the support of the battery assembly 41.
  • the frame structure 21 includes at least three connecting beams 212, and the at least three connecting beams 212 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the load-bearing beam 211, and together with the paired load-bearing beams 211, enclose at least two areas arranged along the extension direction of the load-bearing beam 211, and the locking and unlocking platform 20 includes a plurality of locking and unlocking mechanisms 22, and a partial structure of each locking and unlocking mechanism 22 is located in one of the at least two areas.
  • the four connecting beams 212 and the two bearing beams 211 enclose three areas A1, A2 and A3 arranged along the extension direction of the bearing beams 211.
  • the partial structures of the four locking and unlocking mechanisms 22 installed on the bearing beam section corresponding to each area are located in the area and are staggered without interfering with each other, thereby effectively utilizing the space.
  • a plurality of areas A1, A2, and A3 are enclosed by the bearing beam 211 and the connecting beam 212 to accommodate part of the structure of the locking and unlocking mechanism 22, so that the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 partially overlaps with the frame structure 21 in the lateral space, thereby facilitating the reduction of the lateral dimension of the locking and unlocking platform 20, and further facilitating the arrangement of more locking and unlocking platforms 20 to meet the battery replacement requirements of different combinations of battery assemblies 41.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the locking and unlocking mechanism in some embodiments of the vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the locking and unlocking mechanism in some embodiments of the vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure.
  • the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 includes: a right-angle reversing reducer 221, a motor 222, and a locking and unlocking sleeve 223.
  • the right-angle reversing reducer 221 is inserted into the mounting hole 2111a and fixedly connected to the mounting hole 2111a.
  • the motor 222 is drivingly connected to the right-angle reversing reducer 221 and is located on the inner side of the pair of load-bearing beams 211.
  • the locking and unlocking sleeve 223 is rotatably arranged in the right-angle reversing reducer 221 and is located on the outer side of the pair of load-bearing beams 211.
  • the motor 222 extends in a direction parallel to the first direction dr1 relative to the right-angle reversing reducer 221, and the locking and unlocking sleeve 223, as the output end of the locking and unlocking mechanism 22, extends upward relative to the right-angle reversing reducer 221 in a direction perpendicular to the load-bearing surface 2112 of the load-bearing beam 211.
  • a right-angle reversing reducer 221 is used to connect the horizontally arranged motor 222 and the locking and unlocking sleeve 223 of the vertical output, so that the locking and unlocking sleeve 223 can match the locking head on the battery assembly 41, and the battery can be locked or unlocked through the right-angle reversing reducer 221 under the drive of the motor 222.
  • this right-angle structure occupies less height space, which is conducive to further reducing the overall height of the locking and unlocking platform 20, reducing the height space requirement of the vehicle 40 chassis required by the vehicle battery replacement device, and improving the battery replacement of the vehicle battery replacement device for different vehicle 40 chassis heights. Adaptability.
  • the motor 222 includes a servo motor.
  • the use of a servo motor to drive the locking and unlocking sleeve 223 can improve the accuracy of the locking and unlocking operation and reduce the risk of failure of the locking and unlocking operation.
  • the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 also includes an elastic member 224, which is disposed in the right-angle reversing reducer 221 and connected to the locking and unlocking sleeve 223.
  • the locking and unlocking sleeve 223 is configured to move downward relative to the right-angle reversing reducer 221 in response to a downward extrusion force, and to deform the elastic member 224.
  • the locking head may not reach the matching position with the locking hole at the top of the locking and unlocking sleeve 223, and the locking head and the locking hole cannot be engaged.
  • the locking and unlocking sleeve 223 is subjected to downward extrusion force and moves downward relative to the right-angle reversing reducer 221, and compresses the elastic member 224.
  • the elastic member 224 can provide elastic force to engage the two when the locking hole rotates to a position aligned with the locking head of the battery, thereby realizing the connection between the locking and unlocking sleeve 223 and the locking head of the battery, thereby further realizing the locking or unlocking of the battery.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the walkable chassis and the lifting mechanism in some embodiments of the vehicle battery replacement device according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are enlarged views of the positions corresponding to circle A and circle B in Fig. 2, respectively.
  • the locking and unlocking platform 20 further includes a flexible sling 24 connected to the lifting mechanism 30 .
  • the flexible sling 24 may include a rope or a chain, and when hanging a heavy object, the heavy object is lower than the hanging point under the action of gravity.
  • the locking and unlocking platform 20 can be hung under the lifting action of the lifting mechanism 30.
  • the lifting mechanism 30 and the locking and unlocking platform 20 can be partially overlapped in height, and the locking and unlocking platform 20 can also be floated relative to the lifting mechanism 30 through the flexible sling 24, so that the lateral force can be unloaded when the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 matches the locking head of the battery assembly 41, reducing the risk of damage to the locking and unlocking mechanism 22 due to force caused by installation or operation errors.
  • the vehicle battery replacement device includes a plurality of locking and unlocking platforms 20 , and the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms 20 are arranged at intervals along at least one direction perpendicular to the lifting direction of the locking and unlocking platforms 20 .
  • the vehicle battery replacement device includes three locking and unlocking platforms 20, which are arranged at intervals along the first direction dr1. By providing multiple locking and unlocking platforms 20, the battery replacement requirements of more diverse combinations of battery assemblies 41 can be met. In other embodiments, the vehicle battery replacement device may also include only one locking and unlocking platform 20.
  • the lifting mechanism 30 includes: a lifting frame 31 and a lifting drive mechanism 32.
  • the lifting frame 31 is connected to the frame structure 21 of the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms 20.
  • the lifting drive mechanism 32 is disposed on the walkable chassis 10 and is drivingly connected to the lifting frame 31, and is configured to drive the lifting frame 31 to rise and fall, so as to drive the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms 20 to rise and fall synchronously.
  • the lifting drive mechanism 32 may adopt a mechanism shown in FIG8 that drives the lifting frame 31 to lift or lower through a chain, and the operation of the chain may be driven by a driving element such as a motor or a cylinder.
  • the lifting drive mechanism 32 may also adopt other driving forms, such as driving the lifting frame 31 to lift or lower through an electric push rod or a cylinder.
  • the frame structure 21 of multiple locking and unlocking platforms 20 is connected through the lifting frame 31, so that the multiple locking and unlocking platforms 20 can be lifted and lowered synchronously by driving the lifting frame 31 to meet the needs of overall lifting of the battery assembly 41, which helps to simplify the lifting control logic.
  • the lifting frame 31 includes: a first lifting member 311, a second lifting member 312 and a plurality of connecting beams 313, the first lifting member 311 and the second lifting member 312 are arranged opposite to each other, the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms 20 are all located between the first lifting member 311 and the second lifting member 312, one end of the plurality of connecting beams 313 is fixedly connected to the first lifting member 311, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second lifting member 312, one end of the frame structure 21 of the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms 20 adjacent to the first lifting member 311 is connected to the first lifting member 311 through a flexible sling 24, and one end of the frame structure 21 of the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms 20 adjacent to the second lifting member 312 is connected to the second lifting member 312 through a flexible sling 24.
  • the first lifting member 311 and the second lifting member 312 each have a plurality of hanging points 31c for connecting the flexible sling 24, thereby forming a hanging effect on the frame structure 21 of each locking and unlocking platform 20.
  • the first lifting member 311 and the second lifting member 312 are used to connect the two ends of the frame structure 21 of each locking and unlocking platform 20, and the first lifting member 311 and the second lifting member 312 are connected by a plurality of connecting beams 313 to reduce the risk of the lifting frame 31 flipping.
  • the upper side of the first lifting member 311 and the upper side of the second lifting member 312 both have a plurality of notches 31a, and the connection points of the flexible sling 24 at the first lifting member 311 and the second lifting member 312 are both located at the solid parts 31b between adjacent notches 31a among the plurality of notches 31a.
  • the connection points of the flexible sling 24 and the first lifting member 311 and the second lifting member 312 at higher positions can be achieved.
  • the flexible sling 24 and the locking and unlocking platform 20 at least partially overlap in the height direction, which is conducive to reducing the height of the vehicle battery replacement device, reducing the demand for the height space of the vehicle 40 chassis, and improving the adaptability of the vehicle battery replacement device to different vehicle 40 chassis heights.
  • the notch 31a part can facilitate the transportation of the battery assembly 41
  • the relevant structure is introduced to simplify the loading and unloading operations of the battery assembly 41 relative to the vehicle battery replacement device.
  • the number of the plurality of connection beams 313 is the same as the number of the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms 20 , and they correspond one to one.
  • each locking and unlocking platform 20 When the frame structure 21 of each locking and unlocking platform 20 is connected to the first lifting member 311 and the second lifting member 312 through the flexible sling 24, the connecting beam 313 corresponding to each locking and unlocking platform 20 can make the force on the lifting frame 31 more uniform, reducing the risk of excessive deformation due to local force.
  • At least one of the plurality of connection beams 313 has one or more weight-reducing holes 3131 arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the connection beam 313 .
  • the weight of the connecting beam 313 is reduced by using the weight-reducing holes 3131 on the connecting beam 313 , so as to reduce the weight of the lifting frame 31 , thereby facilitating reducing the overall weight of the vehicle battery replacement device.
  • the size of the middle section of the connecting beam 313 in its length direction in the third direction dr3 may be larger than the sizes of other sections adjacent to the two side ends in the third direction dr3 to increase its rigidity.
  • the weight-reducing holes 313 with larger sizes than those in other sections may be set in the middle section to reduce weight to a greater extent.
  • a battery replacement system comprising the vehicle battery replacement device of any of the aforementioned embodiments.
  • the battery replacement system using the aforementioned vehicle battery replacement device can meet more diverse battery replacement needs.
  • the vehicle battery replacement device includes: a walkable chassis 10, a plurality of locking and unlocking platforms 20, and a lifting mechanism 30.
  • the plurality of locking and unlocking platforms 20 are arranged on the walkable chassis 10 and arranged along the first direction dr1.
  • the lifting mechanism 30 is arranged on the walkable chassis 10 and connected to the frame structure 21 of the locking and unlocking platform 20 through a flexible sling 24 to drive the locking and unlocking platform 20 to rise and fall.
  • the frame structure 21 includes two load-bearing beams 211 and a plurality of connecting beams 212 located between the two load-bearing beams 211.
  • the load-bearing beam 211 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 2111a penetrating the load-bearing beam 211 along the first direction dr1, and each locking and unlocking mechanism 22 passes through the mounting hole 2111a transversely, with a portion being located in the area enclosed by the load-bearing beam 211 and the connecting beam 212 and being staggered from each other, and the other portion being provided with a locking and unlocking sleeve 223 and extending upward in a direction perpendicular to the load-bearing surface 2112 of the load-bearing beam 211.
  • the load beam 211 is also provided with a first positioning groove 2111b and a second positioning groove 2111c, which are respectively used to fix and position the unlocking mechanism 22 and the pin seat 231.
  • the pin seat 231 is provided with a guide pin for guiding the movement of the battery assembly 41 relative to the frame structure 21.
  • the lifting mechanism 30 includes a lifting frame 31 and a lifting drive mechanism 32.
  • the lifting frame 31 includes: a first lifting member 311, a second lifting member 312 and a plurality of connecting beams 313.
  • the first lifting member 311 and the second lifting member 312 are relatively It is configured that the multiple locking and unlocking platforms 20 are all located between the first lifting member 311 and the second lifting member 312, one end of the multiple connecting beams 313 is fixedly connected to the first lifting member 311, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second lifting member 312, one end of the frame structure 21 of the multiple locking and unlocking platforms 20 adjacent to the first lifting member 311 is connected to the first lifting member 311 through a flexible sling 24, and one end of the frame structure 21 of the multiple locking and unlocking platforms 20 adjacent to the second lifting member 312 is connected to the second lifting member 312 through a flexible sling 24.

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Abstract

一种车辆换电装置，用于更换车辆（40）的电池组件（41），包括：可行走底盘（10）；加解锁平台（20），设置在可行走底盘上；和提升机构（30），设置在可行走底盘上，并与加解锁平台可操作地连接，被配置为驱动加解锁平台升降；其中，加解锁平台包括：框架结构（21），被配置为对待安装或待拆卸的电池组件进行支撑；和至少一个加解锁机构（22），设置在框架结构上，用于实现电池组件相对于车辆的锁定或解锁。以及一种车辆换电系统。该车辆换电装置可以降低加解锁平台的整体高度，从而降低车辆换电装置所需的车辆底盘高度空间的需求，提高车辆换电装置对不同车辆底盘高度的换电适应性。

Description

车辆换电装置及换电系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是以申请号为202311544450.2，申请日为2023年11月17日的中国专利申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该中国专利申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及车辆换电领域，特别是涉及一种车辆换电装置及换电系统。
背景技术
二次电池尤其是锂离子电池具有电压高、比能量大、循环寿命长、绿色无污染、工作温度范围宽及自放电小等优点，在新能源电动汽车的动力设备方面得到广泛应用，对解决人类环境污染和能源危机有着重大意义。
为了满足新能源车辆的能量补充需求，一些相关技术建立换电站对到达的车辆进行电池更换，而如何提高电池更换的适应性成为重要问题之一。
发明内容
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种车辆换电装置，用于更换车辆的电池组件，包括：可行走底盘；加解锁平台，设置在所述可行走底盘上；和提升机构，设置在所述可行走底盘上，并与所述加解锁平台可操作地连接，被配置为驱动所述加解锁平台升降；其中，所述加解锁平台包括：框架结构，被配置为对待安装或待拆卸的电池组件进行支撑；和至少一个加解锁机构，设置在所述框架结构上，用于实现所述电池组件相对于所述车辆的锁定或解锁。
相比于相关技术中加解锁平台通过较厚的法兰板来确保支撑电池组件的刚度要求，本实施例采用包含具有较强承载能力的框架结构的加解锁平台进行电池组件的支撑和加解锁机构的安装，可以在满足加解锁平台的刚度要求的同时省去法兰板的设置，降低加解锁平台的整体高度，从而降低车辆换电装置所需的车辆底盘高度空间的需求，提高车辆换电装置对不同车辆底盘高度的换电适应性。
在一些实施例中，所述框架结构包括：成对的承载梁，所述承载梁具有用于支撑 待安装或待拆卸的电池组件的承载表面；和联系梁，位于所述成对的承载梁之间，并与所述成对的承载梁均固定连接。
通过成对的承载梁实现对电池组件的支撑作用，并通过联系梁来固定成对的承载梁的相对位置，并提高承载梁的承载能力。
在一些实施例中，所述承载梁具有多个安装部，所述至少一个加解锁机构在所述多个安装部中的至少部分可选择地安装。
承载梁除了用于承载电池组件，还提供了加解锁机构的安装部，使得加解锁机构能够根据电池组件的锁定头的位置进行选择性的安装，从而实现对不同电池组件加解锁的适应性。
在一些实施例中，所述安装部包括沿第一方向贯穿所述承载梁的安装孔，所述第一方向平行于所述承载梁的承载表面，且与所述承载梁的延伸方向呈夹角，所述加解锁机构穿设于所述安装孔，且具有相对于所述承载梁的承载表面向上凸出的输出端。
通过沿第一方向贯穿承载梁的安装孔来安装加解锁机构，并使加解锁机构的输出向上凸出，使得加解锁机构与承载梁在高度上部分重叠，从而可以节省加解锁机构在垂直于承载梁的承载表面的方向上的占用高度，有利于进一步降低加解锁平台的整体高度，降低车辆换电装置所需的车辆底盘高度空间的需求，提高车辆换电装置对不同车辆底盘高度的换电适应性。
在一些实施例中，所述安装部还包括位于所述承载梁侧壁的第一定位槽，所述第一定位槽沿所述第一方向相对于所述承载梁侧壁内凹，所述安装孔位于所述第一定位槽的槽底，所述加解锁机构的部分外轮廓被配置为在所述加解锁机构穿设于所述安装孔的状态下嵌在所述第一定位槽内。
通过承载梁侧壁的第一定位槽实现加解锁机构在安装孔安装时的定位作用，以提高加解锁机构的输出端与电池的锁定头的对齐程度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一定位槽沿所述承载梁的承载表面的垂直方向延伸到所述承载梁的承载表面和所述承载表面的相反侧表面中的至少一个。
采用延伸到承载表面和承载表面的相反侧表面的至少一个的第一定位槽，可以简化第一定位槽的加工过程，提高加工效率。
在一些实施例中，所述加解锁机构包括：直角换向减速器，穿设于所述安装孔，并与所述安装孔固定连接；电机，与所述直角换向减速器驱动连接，并位于所述成对的承载梁的内侧；和加解锁套筒，可转动地设置在所述直角换向减速器内，并位于所 述成对的承载梁的外侧；其中，所述电机相对于所述直角换向减速器沿平行于所述第一方向的方向延伸，所述加解锁套筒作为所述加解锁机构的输出端，相对于所述直角换向减速器沿垂直于所述承载梁的承载表面的方向向上伸出。
采用直角换向减速器来连接横向设置的电机和竖向输出的加解锁套筒，这样加解锁套筒能够与电池组件上的锁定头匹配，并在电机驱动下经由直角换向减速器来实现对电池的加锁或解锁的操作，而且这种直角结构占用较少的高度空间，有利于进一步降低加解锁平台的整体高度，降低车辆换电装置所需的车辆底盘高度空间的需求，提高车辆换电装置对不同车辆底盘高度的换电适应性。
在一些实施例中，所述电机包括伺服电机。
采用伺服电机进行加解锁套筒的驱动，可以提高加解锁操作的精确性，降低加解锁操作失败的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述加解锁机构还包括弹性件，所述弹性件设置在所述直角换向减速器内，并与所述加解锁套筒连接，所述加解锁套筒被配置为响应于受到向下的挤压力相对于所述直角换向减速器发生向下的位移，并使所述弹性件发生变形。
在加解锁机构与电池的锁定头对接的过程中，锁定头有可能与加解锁套筒顶端的锁定孔未到达匹配位置而无法形成锁定头和锁定孔的嵌接关系，此时加解锁套筒受到向下的挤压力而相对于所述直角换向减速器发生向下的位移，并且压缩弹性件。待电机驱动加解锁套筒转动时，弹性件能够在锁定孔转动到与电池的锁定头对齐的位置时提供使两者嵌接的弹力，实现加解锁套筒与电池的锁定头的连接，从而进一步实现对电池的加锁或者解锁。
在一些实施例中，所述加解锁平台包括多个加解锁机构，所述多个加解锁机构包括间隔排布在所述成对的承载梁上的两组所述加解锁机构，两组所述加解锁机构沿所述承载梁的延伸方向错开布置。
通过使成对的承载梁上分别安装的加解锁机构在承载梁的延伸方向上错开布置，可以降低电池组件中相邻电池或相邻电池组件分别对应的加解锁机构之间的干涉风险。
在一些实施例中，所述加解锁平台还包括：导向结构，设置在所述承载梁上，被配置为引导所述电池组件相对于所述框架结构的运动。
通过加解锁平台上的导向结构对电池组件的运动引导，可以使电池组件顺畅稳定地从车辆上拆卸下来或安装到车辆上。
在一些实施例中，所述导向结构包括：销座，可选择地设置在所述成对的承载梁的外侧侧壁上的至少一个位置；和导向销，设置在所述销座上，并相对于所述承载梁的承载表面向上凸出。
销座在承载梁外侧侧壁的设置位置是可选择地的，这样可以根据不同电池组件的导向孔的具体位置进行相应地调整，从而满足不同电池组件的导向需求。并且，通过设置在承载梁外侧侧壁上的销座来安装向上凸起的导向销，可以方便地进行导向销的装卸和更换。
在一些实施例中，所述承载梁具有位于所述成对的承载梁的外侧侧壁的第二定位槽，所述销座嵌在所述第二定位槽内，并与所述第二定位槽的槽底固定连接，所述第二定位槽沿所述第一方向相对于所述承载梁侧壁内凹，并沿所述承载梁的承载表面的垂直方向延伸。
采用第二定位槽来定位销座，通过销座的稳定定位来提高设置在销座上的导向销的导向角度准确性。
在一些实施例中，所述框架结构包括多个所述联系梁，所述销座与多个所述联系梁中的至少一个连接所述承载梁的端部相对设置。
将销座设置在与联系梁的连接端相对的位置，可以在导向销或销座受到侧向力时将力传递给对应的联系梁，从而改善加解锁平台的整体刚度。
在一些实施例中，所述联系梁包括：
支撑板，具有用于支撑待安装或待拆卸的电池组件的承载表面；和
加强结构，与所述支撑板和所述成对的承载梁中的至少一个固定连接。
联系梁采用具有能够承载电池组件的支撑板可以增加电池组件的支撑面积，提高电池组件的支撑稳定性，降低对承载梁的刚度要求，有利于降低对承载梁的材料和尺寸的要求。加强结构则可以对支撑板形成加强作用，减少支撑板在支撑电池组件时的变形。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑板的承载表面与所述承载梁的承载表面平齐。
通过使支撑板的承载表面与所述承载梁的承载表面平齐，可以使框架结构形成对电池组件较大且平坦的支撑面积，提高电池组件支撑的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，所述框架结构包括至少三个联系梁，所述至少三个联系梁沿所述承载梁的延伸方向间隔排布，并与所述成对的承载梁围出沿所述承载梁的延伸方向排布的至少两个区域，所述加解锁平台包括多个加解锁机构，每个加解锁机构的部分 结构位于所述至少两个区域之一。
通过承载梁和联系梁围出多个区域来容纳加解锁机构的部分结构，使得加解锁机构与框架结构在横向空间上部分重叠，从而有利于减少加解锁平台的横向尺寸，进而有利于布置更多的加解锁平台来满足不同电池组件的组合的换电需求。
在一些实施例中，所述加解锁平台还包括与所述提升机构连接的柔性吊索。
柔性吊索可以实现加解锁平台相对于提升机构的浮动，以便在加解锁机构与电池组件的锁定头匹配时能够卸除横向的力，降低因安装或运行误差导致加解锁机构受力而损坏的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述车辆换电装置包括多个加解锁平台，所述多个加解锁平台沿垂直于所述加解锁平台的升降方向的至少一个方向间隔排布。
通过设置多个加解锁平台可满足更多样的电池组件的组合的换电需求。
在一些实施例中，所述提升机构包括：提升架，与所述多个加解锁平台的框架结构连接；和提升驱动机构，设置在所述可行走底盘上，并与所述提升架驱动连接，被配置为驱动所述提升架升降，以带动所述多个加解锁平台同步升降。
通过提升架实现多个加解锁平台的框架结构的连接，从而通过对提升架的驱动作用来实现多个加解锁平台同步升降，以满足电池组件整体升降的需要。
在一些实施例中，所述提升架包括：第一提升件、第二提升件和多个连接梁，所述第一提升件和所述第二提升件相对设置，所述多个加解锁平台均位于所述第一提升件和所述第二提升件之间，所述多个连接梁的一端与所述第一提升件固定连接，另一端与所述第二提升件固定连接，所述多个加解锁平台的框架结构邻近所述第一提升件的一端通过柔性吊索与所述第一提升件连接，所述多个加解锁平台的框架结构邻近所述第二提升件的一端通过柔性吊索与所述第二提升件连接。
通过第一提升件和第二提升件来连接各个加解锁平台的框架结构的两端，并通过多个连接梁连接第一提升件和第二提升件，来降低提升架发生翻转的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述第一提升件的上侧和所述第二提升件的上侧均具有多个缺口，所述柔性吊索在所述第一提升件和所述第二提升件的连接点均位于所述多个缺口中相邻缺口之间的实体部分。
通过使柔性吊索连接第一提升件和第二提升件位于相邻缺口之间的实体部分，可以实现柔性吊索分别与第一提升件和第二提升件在较高位置的连接点，这样柔性吊索和加解锁平台在高度方向上至少部分重叠，有利于降低车辆换电装置的高度，减少对 车辆底盘高度空间的需求，提高车辆换电装置对不同车辆底盘高度的换电适应性。而缺口部分可以方便运载电池组件的相关结构进入，简化电池组件相对于车辆换电装置的装卸操作。
在一些实施例中，所述多个连接梁的数量与所述多个加解锁平台的数量相同，且一一对应。
各个加解锁平台的框架结构在通过柔性吊索连接第一提升件和第二提升件时，各个加解锁平台所对应的连接梁能够使提升架的受力更均匀，降低局部受力而过度变形的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述多个连接梁中的至少一个具有沿所述连接梁的延伸方向间隔排布的一个或多个减重孔。
通过连接梁上的减重孔降低连接梁的重量，以降低提升架的重量，从而有利于降低车辆换电装置整体的重量。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种换电系统，包括：前述的车辆换电装置。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对本公开实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
参照附图，根据下面的详细描述，可以更加清楚地理解本公开，其中：
图1是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例的换电场景示意图；
图2是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例的安装结构示意图；
图3是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例中加解锁平台的结构示意图；
图4是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例中框架结构的结构示意图；
图5是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例中加解锁机构的结构示意图；
图6是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例中加解锁机构的截面示意图；
图7是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例中可行走底盘和提升机构的安装结构示意图；
图8和图9分别是图2中圆圈A和圆圈B对应位置的放大图。
应当明白，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。 此外，相同或类似的参考标号表示相同或类似的构件。
附图标记说明：
10-可行走底盘；
20-加解锁平台；21-框架结构；211-承载梁；2111-安装部；2111a-安装孔；2111b-
第一定位槽；2111c-第二定位槽；2112-承载表面；2113-相反侧表面；212-联系梁；2121-支撑板；2122-加强结构；2123-工艺孔；22-加解锁机构；221-直角换向减速器；222-电机；223-加解锁套筒；224-弹性件；23-导向结构；231-销座；232-导向销；24-柔性吊索；
30-提升机构；31-提升架；311-第一提升件；312-第二提升件；313-连接梁；3131-
减重孔；31a-缺口；31b-实体部分；31c-吊挂点；32-提升驱动机构；
40-车辆；41-电池组件；
dr1-第一方向；dr2-第二方向；dr3-第三方向。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本公开的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本公开的原理，但不能用来限制本公开的范围，即本公开不限于所描述的实施例。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本公开的具体结构进行限定。在本公开的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
下面结合附图，对本发明的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述 的实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
本公开实施例中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本公开实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池模块。电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体排列并固定形成一个电池模块。电池模组可包括串联、并联或混联的多个电池单体。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池包，电池包包括箱体和电池单体，电池单体或电池模块容纳于箱体中。
在本公开实施例中，电池单体可以为二次电池，二次电池是指在电池单体放电后可通过充电的方式使活性材料激活而继续使用的电池单体。
电池单体可以为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钠锂离子电池、锂金属电池、钠金属电池、锂硫电池、镁离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅蓄电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
电池单体包括电极组件。电极组件包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片，还包括设置在第一极片和第二极片之间的隔离件。在一些实施例中，第一极片为正极极片，第二极片为负极极片。在另一些实施例中，第一极片为负极极片，第二极片为正极极片。在电池单体充放电过程中，活性离子(例如锂离子)在正极极片和负极极片之间往返嵌入和脱出。隔离件设置在正极极片和负极极片之间，可以起到防止正负极短路的作用，同时可以使活性离子通过。
在一些实施方式中，正极极片可以包括正极集流体基材以及设置在正极集流体基材至少一个表面的正极活性材料层。
作为示例，正极集流体基材具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，正极活性材料层设置在正极集流体基材相对的两个表面的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，正极集流体基材可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可采用银表面处理的铝或不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、碳、镍或钛等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
作为示例，正极活性材料层可包括以下材料中的至少一种：含锂磷酸盐、锂过渡 金属氧化物及其各自的改性化合物。但本公开并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池正极活性材料层的传统材料。这些正极活性材料层可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。其中，含锂磷酸盐的示例可包括但不限于磷酸铁锂、磷酸铁锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰锂、磷酸锰锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂与碳的复合材料中的至少一种。锂过渡金属氧化物的示例可包括但不限于锂钴氧化物、锂镍氧化物、锂锰氧化物、锂镍钴氧化物、锂锰钴氧化物、锂镍锰氧化物、锂镍钴锰氧化物、锂镍钴铝氧化物及其改性化合物等中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，负极极片可以包括负极集流体基材。
作为示例，负极集流体基材可采用金属箔片、泡沫金属或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可以采用银表面处理的铝或不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、用碳、镍或钛等。泡沫金属可以为泡沫镍、泡沫铜、泡沫铝、泡沫合金、或泡沫碳等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铜、铜合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
在一些实施方式中，负极极片可以包括负极集流体基材以及设置在负极集流体基材至少一个表面上的负极活性材料层。
作为示例，负极集流体基材具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，负极活性材料层设置在负极集流体基材相对的两个表面中的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，负极活性材料层可采用本领域公知的用于电池单体的负极活性材料层。作为示例，负极活性材料层可包括以下材料中的至少一种：人造石墨、天然石墨、软炭、硬炭、硅基材料、锡基材料和钛酸锂等。硅基材料可选自单质硅、硅氧化合物、硅碳复合物、硅氮复合物以及硅合金中的至少一种。锡基材料可选自单质锡、锡氧化合物以及锡合金中的至少一种。但本公开并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池负极活性材料层的传统材料。这些负极活性材料层可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。
在一些实施方式中，正极集流体基材的材料可以为铝，负极集流体基材的材料可以为铜。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为隔离膜。本公开对隔离膜的种类没有特别的限制，可以选用任意公知的具有良好的化学稳定性和机械稳定性的多孔结构隔离膜。
作为示例，隔离膜的主要材质可选自玻璃纤维、无纺布、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、陶瓷中的至少一种。隔离膜可以是单层薄膜，也可以是多层复合薄膜，没有特别限制。在隔离膜为多层复合薄膜时，各层的材料可以相同或不同，没有特别限制。隔离件可以是单独的一个部件位于正极极片和负极极片之间，也可以在位于正极极片和负极极片之间的同时，附着在正极极片的表面和/或负极极片的表面。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为固态电解质。固态电解质设于正极极片和负极极片之间，同时起到传输离子和隔离正负极的作用。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体还包括电解质，电解质在正、负极之间起到传导离子的作用。本公开对电解质的种类没有具体的限制，可根据需求进行选择。电解质可以是液态的、凝胶态的或固态的。
作为示例，液态电解质包括电解质盐和溶剂。
在一些实施方式中，电解质盐可选自六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、高氯酸锂、六氟砷酸锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂、双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂、三氟甲磺酸锂、二氟磷酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、二草酸硼酸锂、二氟二草酸磷酸锂及四氟草酸磷酸锂中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，溶剂可选自碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸乙丙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、氟代碳酸亚乙酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、1,4-丁内酯、环丁砜、二甲砜、甲乙砜及二乙砜中的至少一种。溶剂也可选醚类溶剂。醚类溶剂可以包括乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、1,3-二氧戊环、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二苯醚及冠醚中的一种或多种。
作为示例，凝胶态电解质包括以聚合物作为电解质的骨架网络，搭配离子液体-锂盐。
作为示例，固态电解质包括聚合物固态电解质、无机固态电解质、复合固态电解质。
作为示例，聚合物固态电解质可以为聚醚(聚氧化乙烯)、聚硅氧烷、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯腈、聚偏氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、单离子聚合物、聚离子液体-锂盐、纤维素等。
作为示例，无机固态电解质可以为氧化物固体电解质(晶态的钙钛矿、钠超导离子导体、石榴石、非晶态的LiPON薄膜)、硫化物固体电解质(晶态的锂超离子导体 (锂锗磷硫、硫银锗矿)、非晶体硫化物)以及卤化物固体电解质、氮化物固体电解质及氢化物固体电解质中的一种或多种。
作为示例，复合固态电解质通过在聚合物固体电解质中增加无机固态电解质填料形成。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件包括卷绕结构。正极极片、负极极片和隔离件卷绕成卷绕结构。正极极片、负极极片可分别设置一个或多个。作为示例，多个正极极片和多个负极极片沿极片厚度方向交替设置。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件的形状可以为圆柱状、扁平状或多棱柱状等。
在一些实施方式中，正极极片包括正极极耳，负极极片包括负极极耳，正极极耳和负极极耳可用于将电流从电极组件导出。正极极耳和负极极耳分别连接正极集流体基材和负极集流体基材。极耳可通过切割或裁切集流体基材的方式形成，也可以通过焊接方式连接在集流体基材的侧边。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体可以包括外壳。外壳用于封装电极组件及电解质等部件。外壳可以为钢壳、铝壳、塑料壳(如聚丙烯)、复合金属壳(如铜铝复合外壳)或铝塑膜等。
作为示例，电池单体可以为圆柱形电池单体、棱柱电池单体、软包电池单体或其它形状的电池单体，棱柱电池单体包括方壳电池单体、刀片形电池单体、多棱柱电池，多棱柱电池例如为六棱柱电池等。
在一些相关技术中，可换电的新能源车辆在换电站进行电池组件的更换。一些换电站采用换电机器人进入车辆下侧空间进行电池的安装和拆卸。换电机器人中的加解锁机构安装在整块法兰板上，法兰板除了安装加解锁机构，还用于承载待安装或拆卸下来的电池组件。法兰板需要具有一定的厚度，以便获得足够的刚度，这使得整个换电机器人整体高度较高，难以用于具有较低底盘的可换电车辆。
有鉴于此，本公开实施例提供一种车辆换电装置及换电系统，能够提高车辆电池的更换适应性。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种车辆换电装置，用于更换车辆的电池组件，包括：可行走底盘；加解锁平台，设置在所述可行走底盘上；和提升机构，设置在所述可行走底盘上，并与所述加解锁平台可操作地连接，被配置为驱动所述加解锁平台升降；其中，所述加解锁平台包括：框架结构，被配置为对待安装或待拆卸的电池组件进行支撑；和至少一个加解锁机构，设置在所述框架结构上，用于实现所述电池组件相对 于所述车辆的锁定或解锁。
相比于相关技术中加解锁平台通过较厚的法兰板来确保支撑电池组件的刚度要求，本实施例采用包含具有较强承载能力的框架结构的加解锁平台进行电池组件的支撑和加解锁机构的安装，可以在满足加解锁平台的刚度要求的同时省去法兰板的设置，降低加解锁平台的整体高度，从而降低车辆换电装置所需的车辆底盘高度空间的需求，提高车辆换电装置对不同车辆底盘高度的换电适应性。
图1是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例的换电场景示意图。参考图1，在车辆换电装置的一些实施例中，车辆40可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车或混合动力汽车等，车辆可以为家用车辆，也可以是商用车辆。在车辆40的底部可以设置电池组件41。
车辆换电装置可以在车辆40的底部对车辆40上安装的电池组件41进行拆卸，也可以在车辆40的底部向车辆40安装电池组件41。车辆换电装置可以进入到车辆40的底部与支撑表面G之间形成的高度空间H。支撑表面G可以为换电站的场地地面或者换电平台的表面。
电池组件41可以用于车辆40的供电，例如，电池组件41可以作为车辆40的操作电源，用于车辆40的电路系统，例如用于车辆40的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。电池组件41不仅仅可以作为车辆40的操作电源，还可以作为车辆40的驱动电源，替代或部分替代燃油或天然气为车辆40提供驱动力。
车辆40的内部还可以设置车桥、车轮、马达以及控制器，控制器用来控制电池组件41给马达的供电。例如，在车辆40以电池组件41作为驱动电源时，电池组件41代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为马达提供匀速、加速的所需要的动力。马达用于驱动车桥转动，以带动车轮转动。
电池组件41可以包括一个或多个电池。在不同的电池组件中，电池的尺寸、形状、规格、数量和位置的至少一种不同。电池组件41除了包括电池，还可以包括用于固定多个电池的框架结构等。
图2是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例的安装结构示意图。图3是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例中加解锁平台的结构示意图。
参考图2和图3，本公开实施例提供了一种车辆换电装置，用于更换车辆40的电池组件41。车辆换电装置包括：可行走底盘10、加解锁平台20和提升机构30。加解锁平台20设置在所述可行走底盘10上。提升机构30设置在所述可行走底盘10上， 并与所述加解锁平台20可操作地连接，被配置为驱动所述加解锁平台20升降。其中，所述加解锁平台20包括：框架结构21和至少一个加解锁机构22。框架结构21被配置为对待安装或待拆卸的电池组件41进行支撑。至少一个加解锁机构22设置在所述框架结构21上，用于实现所述电池组件41相对于所述车辆40的锁定或解锁。
相比于相关技术中加解锁平台20通过较厚的法兰板来确保支撑电池组件41的刚度要求，本实施例采用包含具有较强承载能力的框架结构21的加解锁平台20进行电池组件41的支撑和加解锁机构22的安装，可以在满足加解锁平台20的刚度要求的同时省去法兰板的设置，降低加解锁平台20的整体高度，从而降低车辆换电装置所需的车辆40底盘高度空间的需求，提高车辆换电装置对不同车辆40底盘高度的换电适应性。
在本实施例中，可行走底盘10可通过行走机构实现在支撑表面G的运行，具体地，行走机构可采用能够在平面上行走的滚轮，也可以采用能够在轨道上运行的轨道轮。
加解锁平台20用于安装加解锁机构22，并能够对待更换的新电池组件或拆卸下的旧电池组件进行支撑。提升机构30用于驱动所述加解锁平台20升降，从而实现加解锁机构22与电池组件41的对接、锁定或解锁，以及通过使加解锁平台20上升或下降来提升或下降加解锁平台20承载的电池组件的高度位置。
框架结构21是一种多个梁连接而成的支撑结构，连接方式可包括焊接、铆接或螺栓连接，也可包括销轴等方式连接。
图4是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例中框架结构的结构示意图。参考图3和图4，在一些实施例中，所述框架结构21包括成对的承载梁211和联系梁212。在成对的承载梁211中，所述承载梁211具有用于支撑待安装或待拆卸的电池组件41的承载表面2112。联系梁212位于所述成对的承载梁211之间，并与所述成对的承载梁211均固定连接。
成对的承载梁211可以为一对承载梁211、多对承载梁211或者多个承载梁211中至少两组相邻的两个承载梁211。联系梁212用于连接成对的承载梁211，以使成对的承载梁211和联系梁212形成整体结构。
本实施例通过成对的承载梁211实现对电池组件41的支撑作用，并通过联系梁212来固定成对的承载梁211的相对位置，并提高承载梁211的承载能力。另外，这种框架结构21在重量上也更轻。
参考图4，在一些实施例中，所述承载梁211具有多个安装部2111，所述至少一个加解锁机构22在所述多个安装部2111中的至少部分可选择地安装。
承载梁211除了用于承载电池组件41，还提供了加解锁机构22的安装部2111，使得加解锁机构22能够根据电池组件41的锁定头的位置进行选择性的安装，从而实现对不同电池组件41进行加解锁的适应性。
在图3和图4中，可以看到承载梁211上设有多个安装部211，部分安装部211已经安装了加解锁机构22，部分安装部211则未安装加解锁机构22。而加解锁机构22在这些安装部211中的位置选择是可以根据电池组件41的具体情况进行设置的，例如根据电池组件41的尺寸、大小、组成形式以及锁定头的相对位置等来确定加解锁机构22的安装位置，以满足不同电池组件41相对于车辆40的换电需求。
参考图4，在一些实施例中，所述安装部2111包括沿第一方向dr1贯穿所述承载梁211的安装孔2111a，所述第一方向dr1平行于所述承载梁211的承载表面2112，且与所述承载梁211的延伸方向呈夹角，所述加解锁机构22穿设于所述安装孔2111a，且具有相对于所述承载梁211的承载表面2112向上凸出的输出端。
在图2、图3和图4中，第一方向dr1平行于所述承载梁211的承载表面2112，且与所述承载梁211的延伸方向呈夹角。夹角可以为90°，也可以为大于或小于90°的其他夹角值。第二方向dr2与承载梁211的延伸方向平行，第三方向dr3垂直于所述承载梁211的承载表面2112。
通过沿第一方向dr1贯穿承载梁211的安装孔2111a来安装加解锁机构22，并使加解锁机构22的输出向上凸出，使得加解锁机构22与承载梁211在高度上部分重叠，从而可以节省加解锁机构22在垂直于承载梁211的承载表面2112的方向上的占用高度，有利于进一步降低加解锁平台20的整体高度，降低车辆换电装置所需的车辆40底盘高度空间的需求，提高车辆换电装置对不同车辆40底盘高度的换电适应性。
参考图4，在一些实施例中，所述安装部2111还包括位于所述承载梁211侧壁的第一定位槽2111b，所述第一定位槽2111b沿所述第一方向dr1相对于所述承载梁211侧壁内凹，所述安装孔2111a位于所述第一定位槽2111b的槽底，所述加解锁机构22的部分外轮廓被配置为在所述加解锁机构22穿设于所述安装孔2111a的状态下嵌在所述第一定位槽2111b内。
加解锁结构22的部分外轮廓可以嵌入第一定位槽2111b，并与第一定位槽2111b的内侧侧壁接触，以实现卡接作用。加解锁结构22可以通过第一定位槽2111b和安 装孔2111a来共同实现定位和固定作用。通过承载梁211侧壁的第一定位槽2111b实现加解锁机构22在安装孔2111a安装时的定位作用，以提高加解锁机构22的输出端与电池的锁定头的对齐程度。
参考图4，在一些实施例中，所述第一定位槽2111b沿所述承载梁211的承载表面2112的垂直方向延伸到所述承载梁211的承载表面2112和所述承载表面2112的相反侧表面2113中的至少一个。
在图4中，可以看到第一定位槽2111b向上延伸到承载表面2112，向下延伸到相反侧表面2113。对于延伸到承载表面2112和承载表面2112的相反侧表面2113的至少一个的第一定位槽2111b来说，可从承载表面2112或者相反侧表面2113沿第三方向dr3加工第一定位槽，这样有利于简化第一定位槽2111b的加工过程，提高加工效率。
参考图3，在一些实施例中，所述加解锁平台20包括多个加解锁机构22，所述多个加解锁机构22包括间隔排布在所述成对的承载梁211上的两组所述加解锁机构22，两组所述加解锁机构22沿所述承载梁211的延伸方向错开布置。
在图3中，可以看到在一个框架结构21的两个承载梁211上，分别安装了两组加解锁机构22。每组加解锁机构22包括多个加解锁机构，且各个加解锁机构在第二方向dr2上与位于同一个承载梁211上的其他加解锁机构隔开，并与位于相邻承载梁211上的加解锁机构均错开。
这样，通过使成对的承载梁211上分别安装的加解锁机构22在承载梁211的延伸方向上错开布置，可以降低电池组件41中相邻电池或相邻电池组件41分别对应的加解锁机构22之间的干涉风险。
参考图3，在一些实施例中，所述加解锁平台20还包括导向结构23。导向结构23设置在所述承载梁211上，被配置为引导所述电池组件41相对于所述框架结构21的运动。
通过加解锁平台20上的导向结构23对电池组件41的运动引导，可以使电池组件41顺畅稳定地从车辆40上拆卸下来或安装到车辆40上。
参考图3，在一些实施例中，所述导向结构23包括：销座231和导向销232。销座231可选择地设置在所述成对的承载梁211的外侧侧壁上的至少一个位置。导向销232设置在所述销座231上，并相对于所述承载梁211的承载表面2112向上凸出。
通过设置在承载梁211外侧侧壁上的销座231来安装向上凸起的导向销232，可 以方便地进行导向销232的装卸和更换。而销座231在承载梁211外侧侧壁的设置位置是可选择的，这样可以根据不同电池组件41的导向孔的具体位置进行相应地调整，从而满足不同电池组件41的导向需求。在数量上，可以设置一个或多个销座231。图3所示的实施例中，导向结构23的两个承载梁211各设有一个销座231，且在第二方向dr2上错开。
参考图3和图4，在一些实施例中，所述承载梁211具有位于所述成对的承载梁211的外侧侧壁的第二定位槽2111c，所述销座231嵌在所述第二定位槽2111c内，并与所述第二定位槽2111c的槽底固定连接，所述第二定位槽2111c沿所述第一方向dr1相对于所述承载梁211侧壁内凹，并沿所述承载梁211的承载表面2112的垂直方向延伸。
采用第二定位槽2111c来定位销座231，通过销座231的稳定定位来提高设置在销座上的导向销的导向角度准确性。
参考图3，在一些实施例中，所述框架结构21包括多个所述联系梁212，所述销座231与多个所述联系梁212中的至少一个连接所述承载梁211的端部相对设置。
将销座231设置在与联系梁212的连接端相对的位置，可以在导向销232或销座231受到侧向力时将力传递给对应的联系梁212，从而改善加解锁平台20的整体刚度。
在图4中，可以看到各个第二定位槽2111c分别位于承载梁上与部分联系梁212两端对应的位置，销座231在安装到第二定位槽2111c时，第二定位槽2111c与销座231之间的侧向接触有助于将导向销232或销座231受到的侧向力传递给承载梁，从而进一步改善加解锁平台20的整体刚度。
参考图3和图4，在一些实施例中，所述联系梁212包括：支撑板2121和加强结构2122。支撑板2121具有用于支撑待安装或待拆卸的电池组件41的承载表面2121a。加强结构2122与所述支撑板2121和所述成对的承载梁211中的至少一个固定连接。
加强结构2122可以包括加强筋，可位于支撑板2121的下侧。联系梁212采用具有能够承载电池组件41的支撑板2121可以增加电池组件41的支撑面积，提高电池组件41的支撑稳定性，降低对承载梁211的刚度要求，有利于降低对承载梁211的材料和尺寸的要求。加强结构2122则可以对支撑板2121形成加强作用，减少支撑板2121在支撑电池组件41时的变形。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑板2121的承载表面2121a与所述承载梁211的承载表面2112平齐。
通过使支撑板2121的承载表面2121a与所述承载梁211的承载表面2112平齐，可以使框架结构21形成对电池组件41较大且平坦的支撑面积，提高电池组件41支撑的稳定性。
参考图4，在一些实施例中，所述框架结构21包括至少三个联系梁212，所述至少三个联系梁212沿所述承载梁211的延伸方向间隔排布，并与所述成对的承载梁211围出沿所述承载梁211的延伸方向排布的至少两个区域，所述加解锁平台20包括多个加解锁机构22，每个加解锁机构22的部分结构位于所述至少两个区域之一。
在图4中，四个联系梁212将与两个承载梁211围出沿所述承载梁211的延伸方向排布的三个区域A1、A2和A3。在图3中，可以看到每个区域所对应的承载梁段上安装的四个加解锁机构22的部分结构位于该区域内，且相互错开而不发生干涉，从而有效地利用空间。
通过承载梁211和联系梁212围出多个区域A1，A2，A3来容纳加解锁机构22的部分结构，使得加解锁机构22与框架结构21在横向空间上部分重叠，从而有利于减少加解锁平台20的横向尺寸，进而有利于布置更多的加解锁平台20来满足不同电池组件41的组合的换电需求。
图5是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例中加解锁机构的结构示意图。图6是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例中加解锁机构的截面示意图。
参考图5和图6，在一些实施例中，所述加解锁机构22包括：直角换向减速器221、电机222和加解锁套筒223。直角换向减速器221穿设于所述安装孔2111a，并与所述安装孔2111a固定连接。电机222与所述直角换向减速器221驱动连接，并位于所述成对的承载梁211的内侧。加解锁套筒223可转动地设置在所述直角换向减速器221内，并位于所述成对的承载梁211的外侧。所述电机222相对于所述直角换向减速器221沿平行于所述第一方向dr1的方向延伸，所述加解锁套筒223作为所述加解锁机构22的输出端，相对于所述直角换向减速器221沿垂直于所述承载梁211的承载表面2112的方向向上伸出。
采用直角换向减速器221来连接横向设置的电机222和竖向输出的加解锁套筒223，这样加解锁套筒223能够与电池组件41上的锁定头匹配，并在电机222驱动下经由直角换向减速器221来实现对电池的加锁或解锁的操作，而且这种直角结构占用较少的高度空间，有利于进一步降低加解锁平台20的整体高度，降低车辆换电装置所需的车辆40底盘高度空间的需求，提高车辆换电装置对不同车辆40底盘高度的换电 适应性。
在一些实施例中，所述电机222包括伺服电机。
采用伺服电机进行加解锁套筒223的驱动，可以提高加解锁操作的精确性，降低加解锁操作失败的风险。
参考图6，在一些实施例中，所述加解锁机构22还包括弹性件224，所述弹性件224设置在所述直角换向减速器221内，并与所述加解锁套筒223连接，所述加解锁套筒223被配置为响应于受到向下的挤压力相对于所述直角换向减速器221发生向下的位移，并使所述弹性件224发生变形。
在加解锁机构22与电池的锁定头对接的过程中，锁定头有可能与加解锁套筒223顶端的锁定孔未到达匹配位置而无法形成锁定头和锁定孔的嵌接关系，此时加解锁套筒223受到向下的挤压力而相对于所述直角换向减速器221发生向下的位移，并且压缩弹性件224。待电机222驱动加解锁套筒223转动时，弹性件224能够在锁定孔转动到与电池的锁定头对齐的位置时提供使两者嵌接的弹力，实现加解锁套筒223与电池的锁定头的连接，从而进一步实现对电池的加锁或者解锁。
图7是根据本公开车辆换电装置的一些实施例中可行走底盘和提升机构的安装结构示意图。图8和图9分别是图2中圆圈A和圆圈B对应位置的放大图。
参考图2、图3和图9，在一些实施例中，所述加解锁平台20还包括与所述提升机构30连接的柔性吊索24。
柔性吊索24可包括绳索或链条，在吊挂重物时重物在重力作用下低于吊挂点。通过使加解锁平台20上的柔性吊索24连接提升机构30，可在提升机构30的提升作用下实现对加解锁平台20的吊挂作用。这样既能够使提升机构30与加解锁平台20在高度上部分重叠，且还能够通过柔性吊索24实现加解锁平台20相对于提升机构30的浮动，以便在加解锁机构22与电池组件41的锁定头匹配时能够卸除横向的力，降低因安装或运行误差导致加解锁机构22受力而损坏的风险。
参考图2，在一些实施例中，所述车辆换电装置包括多个加解锁平台20，所述多个加解锁平台20沿垂直于所述加解锁平台20的升降方向的至少一个方向间隔排布。
在图2中，可以看到该车辆换电装置包括三个加解锁平台20，三个加解锁平台20沿第一方向dr1间隔排布。通过设置多个加解锁平台20可满足更多样的电池组件41的组合的换电需求。在另一些实施例中，所述车辆换电装置也可以只包括一个加解锁平台20。
参考图7，在一些实施例中，所述提升机构30包括：提升架31和提升驱动机构32。提升架31与所述多个加解锁平台20的框架结构21连接。提升驱动机构32设置在所述可行走底盘10上，并与所述提升架31驱动连接，被配置为驱动所述提升架31升降，以带动所述多个加解锁平台20同步升降。
提升驱动机构32可采用图8所示的通过链条驱动提升架31提升或下降的机构，链条的运行可通过电机或气缸等驱动元件来驱动实现。提升驱动机构32也可采用其他驱动形式，例如通过电动推杆或气缸驱动提升架31提升或下降。
通过提升架31实现多个加解锁平台20的框架结构21的连接，从而通过对提升架31的驱动作用来实现多个加解锁平台20同步升降，以满足电池组件41整体升降的需要，有助于简化提升控制逻辑。
参考图7，在一些实施例中，所述提升架31包括：第一提升件311、第二提升件312和多个连接梁313，所述第一提升件311和所述第二提升件312相对设置，所述多个加解锁平台20均位于所述第一提升件311和所述第二提升件312之间，所述多个连接梁313的一端与所述第一提升件311固定连接，另一端与所述第二提升件312固定连接，所述多个加解锁平台20的框架结构21邻近所述第一提升件311的一端通过柔性吊索24与所述第一提升件311连接，所述多个加解锁平台20的框架结构21邻近所述第二提升件312的一端通过柔性吊索24与所述第二提升件312连接。
在图7中，第一提升件311和第二提升件312均具有多个的吊挂点31c，用于连接柔性吊索24，从而形成对各个加解锁平台20的框架结构21的吊挂作用。通过第一提升件311和第二提升件312来连接各个加解锁平台20的框架结构21的两端，并通过多个连接梁313连接第一提升件311和第二提升件312，来降低提升架31发生翻转的风险。
参考图7，在一些实施例中，所述第一提升件311的上侧和所述第二提升件312的上侧均具有多个缺口31a，所述柔性吊索24在所述第一提升件311和所述第二提升件312的连接点均位于所述多个缺口31a中相邻缺口31a之间的实体部分31b。
通过使柔性吊索24连接第一提升件311和第二提升件312位于相邻缺口31a之间的实体部分，可以实现柔性吊索24分别与第一提升件311和第二提升件312在较高位置的连接点，这样柔性吊索24和加解锁平台20在高度方向上至少部分重叠，有利于降低车辆换电装置的高度，减少对车辆40底盘高度空间的需求，提高车辆换电装置对不同车辆40底盘高度的换电适应性。而缺口31a部分可以方便运载电池组件41 的相关结构进入，简化电池组件41相对于车辆换电装置的装卸操作。
参考图2，在一些实施例中，所述多个连接梁313的数量与所述多个加解锁平台20的数量相同，且一一对应。
各个加解锁平台20的框架结构21在通过柔性吊索24连接第一提升件311和第二提升件312时，各个加解锁平台20所对应的连接梁313能够使提升架31的受力更均匀，降低局部受力而过度变形的风险。
参考图7，在一些实施例中，所述多个连接梁313中的至少一个具有沿所述连接梁313的延伸方向间隔排布的一个或多个减重孔3131。
通过连接梁313上的减重孔3131降低连接梁313的重量，以降低提升架31的重量，从而有利于降低车辆换电装置整体的重量。
在图7中，连接梁313在其长度方向上的中间段在第三方向dr3上的尺寸可大于邻近两侧端部的其他段在第三方向dr3上的尺寸，以增加其刚度，而在设置减重孔313时，可在中间段设置比其他段更大尺寸的减重孔313，以便更大程度地减重。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种换电系统，包括前述任一实施例的车辆换电装置。采用前述车辆换电装置的换电系统可满足更多样的电池更换需求。
在一些具体的实施例中，如图2-图9所示，车辆换电装置包括：可行走底盘10、多个加解锁平台20和提升机构30。多个加解锁平台20设置在所述可行走底盘10上，并沿第一方向dr1排列。提升机构30设置在所述可行走底盘10上，并通过柔性吊索24与所述加解锁平台20的框架结构21连接，以驱动所述加解锁平台20升降。
对于每个加解锁平台20来说，在框架结构21上设置多个加解锁机构22，用于实现所述电池组件41相对于所述车辆40的锁定或解锁。框架结构21包括两个承载梁211和位于两个承载梁211之间的多个联系梁212。承载梁211上设有沿第一方向dr1贯穿所述承载梁211的多个安装孔2111a，各个加解锁机构22横向穿过安装孔2111a，一部分位于承载梁211和联系梁212所围成的区域内，且相互错开，另一部分设有加解锁套筒223，并沿垂直于所述承载梁211的承载表面2112的方向向上伸出。
在承载梁211上还设有第一定位槽2111b和第二定位槽2111c，分别用于加解锁机构22和销座231的固定和定位。在销座231上设有导向销，用于引导所述电池组件41相对于所述框架结构21的运动。
提升机构30包括提升架31和提升驱动机构32。提升架31包括：第一提升件311、第二提升件312和多个连接梁313，所述第一提升件311和所述第二提升件312相对 设置，所述多个加解锁平台20均位于所述第一提升件311和所述第二提升件312之间，所述多个连接梁313的一端与所述第一提升件311固定连接，另一端与所述第二提升件312固定连接，所述多个加解锁平台20的框架结构21邻近所述第一提升件311的一端通过柔性吊索24与所述第一提升件311连接，所述多个加解锁平台20的框架结构21邻近所述第二提升件312的一端通过柔性吊索24与所述第二提升件312连接。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本公开进行了描述，但在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本公开并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种车辆换电装置，用于更换车辆(40)的电池组件(41)，包括：
    可行走底盘(10)；
    加解锁平台(20)，设置在所述可行走底盘(10)上；和
    提升机构(30)，设置在所述可行走底盘(10)上，并与所述加解锁平台(20)可操作地连接，被配置为驱动所述加解锁平台(20)升降；
    其中，所述加解锁平台(20)包括：
    框架结构(21)，被配置为对待安装或待拆卸的电池组件(41)进行支撑；和
    至少一个加解锁机构(22)，设置在所述框架结构(21)上，用于实现所述电池组件(41)相对于所述车辆(40)的锁定或解锁。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述框架结构(21)包括：
    成对的承载梁(211)，所述承载梁(211)具有用于支撑待安装或待拆卸的电池组件(41)的承载表面(2112)；和
    联系梁(212)，位于所述成对的承载梁(211)之间，并与所述成对的承载梁(211)均固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述承载梁(211)具有多个安装部(2111)，所述至少一个加解锁机构(22)在所述多个安装部(2111)中的至少部分可选择地安装。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述安装部(2111)包括沿第一方向(dr1)贯穿所述承载梁(211)的安装孔(2111a)，所述第一方向(dr1)平行于所述承载梁(211)的承载表面(2112)，且与所述承载梁(211)的延伸方向呈夹角，所述加解锁机构(22)穿设于所述安装孔(2111a)，且具有相对于所述承载梁(211)的承载表面(2112)向上凸出的输出端。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述安装部(2111)还包括位于所述承载梁(211)侧壁的第一定位槽(2111b)，所述第一定位槽(2111b)沿所述第一方向(dr1)相对于所述承载梁(211)侧壁内凹，所述安装孔(2111a)位于所述第一定位槽(2111b)的槽底，所述加解锁机构(22)的部分外轮廓被配置为在所述加解锁机构(22)穿设于所述安装孔(2111a)的状态下嵌在所述第一定位槽(2111b)内。
  6. 根据要求5所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述第一定位槽(2111b)沿所述承 载梁(211)的承载表面(2112)的垂直方向延伸到所述承载梁(211)的承载表面(2112)和所述承载表面(2112)的相反侧表面(2113)中的至少一个。
  7. 根据权利要求4-6任一所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述加解锁机构(22)包括：
    直角换向减速器(221)，穿设于所述安装孔(2111a)，并与所述安装孔(2111a)固定连接；
    电机(222)，与所述直角换向减速器(221)驱动连接，并位于所述成对的承载梁(211)的内侧；和
    加解锁套筒(223)，可转动地设置在所述直角换向减速器(221)内，并位于所述成对的承载梁(211)的外侧；
    其中，所述电机(222)相对于所述直角换向减速器(221)沿平行于所述第一方向(dr1)的方向延伸，所述加解锁套筒(223)作为所述加解锁机构(22)的输出端，相对于所述直角换向减速器(221)沿垂直于所述承载梁(211)的承载表面(2112)的方向向上伸出。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述电机(222)包括伺服电机。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述加解锁机构(22)还包括弹性件(224)，所述弹性件(224)设置在所述直角换向减速器(221)内，并与所述加解锁套筒(223)连接，所述加解锁套筒(223)被配置为响应于受到向下的挤压力相对于所述直角换向减速器(221)发生向下的位移，并使所述弹性件(224)发生变形。
  10. 根据要求3-9任一所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述加解锁平台(20)包括多个加解锁机构(22)，所述多个加解锁机构(22)包括间隔排布在所述成对的承载梁(211)上的两组所述加解锁机构(22)，两组所述加解锁机构(22)沿所述承载梁(211)的延伸方向错开布置。
  11. 根据权利要求2-10任一所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述加解锁平台(20)还包括：
    导向结构(23)，设置在所述承载梁(211)上，被配置为引导所述电池组件(41)相对于所述框架结构(21)的运动。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述导向结构(23)包括：
    销座(231)，可选择地设置在所述成对的承载梁(211)的外侧侧壁上的至少一 个位置；和
    导向销(232)，设置在所述销座(231)上，并相对于所述承载梁(211)的承载表面(2112)向上凸出。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述承载梁(211)具有位于所述成对的承载梁(211)的外侧侧壁的第二定位槽(2111c)，所述销座(231)嵌在所述第二定位槽(2111c)内，并与所述第二定位槽(2111c)的槽底固定连接，所述第二定位槽(2111c)沿所述第一方向(dr1)相对于所述承载梁(211)侧壁内凹，并沿所述承载梁(211)的承载表面(2112)的垂直方向延伸。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述框架结构(21)包括多个所述联系梁(212)，所述销座(231)与多个所述联系梁(212)中的至少一个连接所述承载梁(211)的端部相对设置。
  15. 根据权利要求2-14任一所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述联系梁(212)包括：
    支撑板(2121)，具有用于支撑待安装或待拆卸的电池组件(41)的承载表面(2121a)；和
    加强结构(2122)，与所述支撑板(2121)和所述成对的承载梁(211)中的至少一个固定连接。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述支撑板(2121)的承载表面(2121a)与所述承载梁(211)的承载表面(2112)平齐。
  17. 根据权利要求2-16任一所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述框架结构(21)包括至少三个联系梁(212)，所述至少三个联系梁(212)沿所述承载梁(211)的延伸方向间隔排布，并与所述成对的承载梁(211)围出沿所述承载梁(211)的延伸方向排布的至少两个区域(A1，A2，A3)，所述加解锁平台(20)包括多个加解锁机构(22)，每个加解锁机构(22)的部分结构位于所述至少两个区域(A1，A2，A3)之一。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述加解锁平台(20)还包括与所述提升机构(30)连接的柔性吊索(24)。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18任一所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述车辆换电装置包括多个加解锁平台(20)，所述多个加解锁平台(20)沿垂直于所述加解锁平台(20)的升降方向的至少一个方向间隔排布。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述提升机构(30)包括：
    提升架(31)，与所述多个加解锁平台(20)的框架结构(21)连接；和
    提升驱动机构(32)，设置在所述可行走底盘(10)上，并与所述提升架(31)驱动连接，被配置为驱动所述提升架(31)升降，以带动所述多个加解锁平台(20)同步升降。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述提升架(31)包括：第一提升件(311)、第二提升件(312)和多个连接梁(313)，所述第一提升件(311)和所述第二提升件(312)相对设置，所述多个加解锁平台(20)均位于所述第一提升件(311)和所述第二提升件(312)之间，所述多个连接梁(313)的一端与所述第一提升件(311)固定连接，另一端与所述第二提升件(312)固定连接，所述多个加解锁平台(20)的框架结构(21)邻近所述第一提升件(311)的一端通过柔性吊索(24)与所述第一提升件(311)连接，所述多个加解锁平台(20)的框架结构(21)邻近所述第二提升件(312)的一端通过柔性吊索(24)与所述第二提升件(312)连接。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述第一提升件(311)的上侧和所述第二提升件(312)的上侧均具有多个缺口(31a)，所述柔性吊索(24)在所述第一提升件(311)和所述第二提升件(312)的连接点均位于所述多个缺口(31a)中相邻缺口(31a)之间的实体部分(31b)。
  23. 根据权利要求21或22所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述多个连接梁(313)的数量与所述多个加解锁平台(20)的数量相同，且一一对应。
  24. 根据权利要求21-23任一所述的车辆换电装置，其中，所述多个连接梁(313)中的至少一个具有沿所述连接梁(313)的延伸方向间隔排布的一个或多个减重孔(3131)。
  25. 一种换电系统，包括：
    根据权利要求1～24任一所述的车辆换电装置。
PCT/CN2024/128058 2023-11-17 2024-10-29 车辆换电装置及换电系统 Pending WO2025103129A1 (zh)

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