WO2025077331A1 - 一种基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置及测量方法 - Google Patents

一种基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置及测量方法 Download PDF

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WO2025077331A1
WO2025077331A1 PCT/CN2024/105720 CN2024105720W WO2025077331A1 WO 2025077331 A1 WO2025077331 A1 WO 2025077331A1 CN 2024105720 W CN2024105720 W CN 2024105720W WO 2025077331 A1 WO2025077331 A1 WO 2025077331A1
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cell
electrical activity
electrochemical
imaging
laser
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康斌
李庆悦
徐静娟
陈洪渊
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Nanjing University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/1031Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10Investigating individual particles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1434Optical arrangements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10Investigating individual particles
    • G01N2015/1006Investigating individual particles for cytology
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1434Optical arrangements
    • G01N2015/144Imaging characterised by its optical setup

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  • the present application provides a cell electrical activity imaging device based on an electrochemically modulated ion lens, comprising an electrochemical modulation module that provides a modulation voltage signal, a laser adjustment module that generates a monochromatic laser and adjusts the laser intensity and spot size, an imaging detection module that performs interference scattering imaging on the changes in cell membrane surface charge density associated with cell electrical activity, and a signal input module that synchronizes the electrochemical modulation voltage and image acquisition trigger signal.
  • the electrochemical modulation module is connected to the imaging detection module and the signal input module, respectively, and the laser adjustment module is connected to the imaging detection module.
  • Step 2 Cultivate cells in the electrochemical cell, add phosphate buffered saline, and The control module applies electrochemical modulation, wherein culturing the cells in the electrochemical cell is to uniformly drop the cell suspension into the electrochemical cell during cell passage, and the cells grow on the surface of the electrochemical cell;
  • Step 3 imaging the cellular electrical activity process of the cell
  • Step 4 Process and calculate the electrical signals of the cells based on the imaging results of the electrical activities of the cells.
  • the cell electrical activity imaging device based on electrochemical modulated ion lens of the present invention uses an electrochemical workstation to apply a sinusoidal AC voltage to the cell, and then collects the interference scattering image of the cell during the electrical activity process through a laser adjustment module and an imaging detection module.
  • the present invention has the following advantages: first, the measured signal comes from the ion lens generated during the cell electrical activity process, and the measurement process does not require any labeling substances, and will not interfere with the normal physiological activities of the cell, thereby achieving long-term non-invasive measurement of the cell; second, it has the ability to measure both the whole cell and single channel levels, which can not only study the overall electrical response of the cell during the electrical activity process, but also extract the opening and closing information of a single ion channel; third, it can achieve high-throughput imaging detection of a cell or a cell group with a time resolution of microseconds, and has the dual functions of patch clamp and voltage-sensitive imaging, providing a new tool for studying processes such as cell community communication.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochemical cell according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is the imaging measurement process of a single ion channel signal after glutamate and glycine stimulation of cells expressing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6A is the original time series image
  • Figure 6B is the ratio time series image after background deduction
  • Figure 6C is the amplitude time series image
  • Figure 6D is the cumulative time amplitude image
  • Figure 6E is the ROI amplitude image
  • Figure 6F is a two-dimensional Gaussian fitting function fitting schematic diagram
  • Figure 6G is the signal of a single NMDAR channel.
  • the electrochemical modulation module includes an electrochemical cell and an electrochemical workstation, wherein the electrochemical cell is fixed on a stage, a cell sample is grown on the surface, and a phosphate buffered saline solution is added, wherein the electrochemical workstation is connected to the electrochemical cell via a three-electrode cable.
  • the imaging detection module comprises a partially reflecting beam splitter, an objective lens, an imaging lens and a CMOS camera arranged in sequence.
  • the laser beam is reflected by the partially reflecting beam splitter into the objective lens, focused on the rear focal plane of the objective lens, and generates a wide-field detection spot on the electrochemical cell.
  • the signal input module includes an oscilloscope and a dual-channel digital signal generator.
  • Channel 1 of the dual-channel digital signal generator is connected to the electrochemical workstation through a signal line to control the electrochemical workstation to apply a sinusoidal AC voltage signal with a fixed frequency to the electrochemical cell.
  • Channel 2 is connected to the CMOS camera and the oscilloscope through signal lines, outputs a square wave signal with a fixed frequency, and controls the CMOS camera to capture images.
  • the oscilloscope is connected to the voltage output terminal, the current output terminal of the electrochemical workstation and channel 2 of the dual-channel digital signal generator through signal lines, respectively, to monitor the voltage signal, current signal output by the electrochemical workstation and the acquisition signal of the CMOS camera in real time.
  • the present application also provides a method for measuring the cell electrical activity process using the cell electrical activity imaging device based on the electrochemically modulated ion lens, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 2 culturing cells in the electrochemical cell, adding phosphate buffered saline solution, and applying electrochemical modulation through the electrochemical modulation module, wherein culturing cells in the electrochemical cell is to uniformly drop a cell suspension into the electrochemical cell during cell passage, and the cells grow on the surface of the electrochemical cell;
  • step 2 the specific method of applying electrochemical modulation is: fixing the electrochemical cell on the stage, connecting the electrochemical workstation and the electrochemical cell with a three-electrode cable, reasonably placing the electrode positions, setting and turning on the dual-channel digital signal generator channel 1, and observing the voltage and current output detected by the electrochemical workstation in real time through an oscilloscope.
  • Reasonable placement of the electrode positions means that during the electrode connection process, the wires are tightly connected to prevent short circuits.
  • step 3 the specific method of imaging the cell electrical activity process of the cell is:
  • Step 31 applying chemical stimulation to the cells to induce electrical activity of the cells
  • Step 32 The electrochemical workstation applies a fixed-frequency sinusoidal AC voltage signal to the cells, and the CMOS camera collects images at a frequency ten times that of the sinusoidal AC voltage signal to obtain an image of the electrical activity of the cells.
  • step 4 the specific method for processing and calculating the electrical signal of the cell based on the imaging result of the cell is:
  • Step 41 The interference scattering images collected by the CMOS camera are arranged in time sequence, and each pixel in the time sequence image is subjected to short-time Fourier transform to extract the amplitude corresponding to the frequency of the sinusoidal AC voltage, and the image is reconstructed to obtain a time sequence amplitude image;
  • Step 42 In the time series amplitude image, the average amplitude intensity within the cell outline in each frame is calculated to obtain information on the change of charge density on the cell membrane surface during the cell's electrical activity;
  • Step 43 In the time series amplitude image, select a region of interest of appropriate position and size, fit a two-dimensional Gaussian function to the region in each frame, record the amplitude value of the fitting function, and obtain the information of the opening and closing of a single particle channel during the electrical activity of the cell.
  • the specific method of performing short-time Fourier transform is as follows: the interference scattering images collected by the CMOS camera are arranged in time sequence, a rolling time window with a length of 128 frames and an overlapping length of 120 frames is set, and within each time window, each pixel in the time sequence image is fast Fourier transformed, the amplitude corresponding to the sinusoidal AC voltage frequency is extracted, and the image is reconstructed to obtain the amplitude image under the current time window sequence. The time window is moved, and the above process is repeated to obtain the time sequence image of the cell during the electrical activity process.
  • the method for selecting the region of interest is: summing up all time series amplitude images to obtain a cumulative time amplitude image, and selecting a region with a larger pixel value in the cumulative time amplitude image to define it as the region of interest.
  • step 31 the electrochemical cell is prevented from shaking and the circuit is short-circuited during the application of chemical stimulation.
  • the specific chemical stimulation type can be set by a person skilled in the art according to the actual experimental purpose and needs, as long as the method can clearly obtain the cell interference scattering image in step 32;
  • the specific parameters of the applied sinusoidal alternating voltage signal can be set by a person skilled in the art according to the actual dynamic properties of the electrical activity to be measured, as long as the acquisition frequency of the CMOS camera is ten times the frequency of the sinusoidal alternating voltage signal and the cell interference scattering image can be clearly obtained;
  • the parameters of the time window can be set by a person skilled in the art according to the parameters of the actually applied sinusoidal AC voltage signal, etc., as long as the time resolution of the finally processed time series amplitude image matches the dynamic properties of the electrical activity.
  • the cell electrical activity imaging device based on the electrochemical modulation ion lens includes an electrochemical modulation module that provides a modulation voltage signal, a laser adjustment module that generates a monochromatic laser and adjusts the laser intensity and spot size, an imaging detection module that performs interference scattering imaging on the changes in the cell membrane surface charge density accompanying the cell electrical activity, and a signal input module that synchronizes the electrochemical modulation voltage and the image acquisition trigger signal.
  • the electrochemical modulation module is connected to the imaging detection module and the signal input module respectively, and the laser adjustment module is connected to the imaging detection module.
  • the electrochemical modulation module includes an electrochemical cell 10 and an electrochemical workstation 11.
  • the electrochemical cell 10 is fixed on a stage, a cell sample is grown on the surface, and a phosphate buffered saline solution is added.
  • the electrochemical workstation 11 is connected to the electrochemical cell 10 via a three-electrode cable.
  • the partially reflective beam splitter 6 refers to a beam splitter with a reflection-transmittance ratio of 10:90 and a metal film coated at the center, and is used to spatially modulate the interference light field, amplify the interference scattering signal from the ion lens, and improve the detection sensitivity.
  • the electrochemical cell 10 is assembled from conductive glass (ITO), double-sided tape and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
  • ITO is ultrasonically cleaned for 20 minutes with acetone, ethanol and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, then rinsed with ultrapure water, blown dry with nitrogen and set aside.
  • the electrochemical cell treated in step (1) is fixed on the stage, the three-electrode system is reasonably connected, and the parameters of the dual-channel digital signal generator are set so that channel 1 generates a sinusoidal signal with a frequency of 30 Hz and an amplitude of 1 V.
  • a sinusoidal AC voltage is generated and added to the electrochemical cell, so that channel 2 generates a square wave signal with a frequency of 300 Hz, triggering the CMOS camera to collect images.
  • STFT short-time Fourier transform
  • HEK293 cells were cultured in an electrochemical cell.
  • the culture medium was MEM without double antibody, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, and the culture environment was 37°C, 95% air, and 5% carbon dioxide. After the cells grew for 12-24 hours, the density reached 70-80%. Plasmid DNA containing human GluN1 and GluN2A was transfected into the cells using Lipofectamine3000 at a mass ratio of 1:1. After 24 hours, the culture solution was discarded, and after rinsing three times with PBS, 200 ⁇ L of the prepared extracellular solution was added.

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Abstract

一种基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置及测量方法,装置包括:电化学调制模块,用于对细胞施加固定频率的调制电压;激光调节模块,用于将单色激光引入干涉散射成像中并调节激光的强度和光斑大小;成像检测模块,用于记录伴随细胞电活动产生的细胞膜表面电荷密度变化;信号输入模块,与成像检测模块和电化学调制模块相连接,用于输入调制信号和控制成像采集。将电化学调制引入干涉散射成像中,使得可以在电压调制下通过直接检测细胞膜表面离子透镜的散射场,获得细胞整体水平和单个离子通道水平上细胞电活动的信息。

Description

一种基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置及测量方法 技术领域
本发明属于光学电生理学领域,具体涉及一种免标记的基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置及测量方法。
背景技术
神经元之间的沟通是人类感知、信息处理和决策的基础,测量和监测神经元产生和传输的电信号是理解神经元之间沟通的关键。现代电生理学使人们能够获得从体内神经网络或心肌细胞活动到体外细胞膜上单个离子通道的所有层次的信息。膜片钳技术可以直接记录细胞内的动作电位,具有高信噪比和高时间分辨率,成为了测量细胞内动作电位的金标准。然而,由于需要破坏质膜,记录时间被限制在数十分钟内。同时,膜片钳的操作十分复杂,通常只能同时记录一到两个细胞。采用微电极阵列的细胞外记录方法是非侵入的,但不能检测亚阈值动态,且无法像电流或电压钳那样对细胞进行精确的操作。
近十年来,免标记的光电生理学方法备受关注。其使用光作为传感器,不涉及分子探针,在探测区域提供空间灵活性,与样品之间无需电线连接,允许成像和多通路测量。细胞的电活动会引起细胞固有性质的改变,如细胞体积、细胞膜光散射强度或双折射强度,这些特征被用来检测细胞的电生理活动。然而,除干涉成像外,目前大多数免标记成像技术仍然需要数据平均来检测细胞电活动信号,毫秒级的时间灵敏度尚未达到;为了以高保真度检测单个动作电位,仍然需要提高信噪比;同时,以成像为基础的电生理学方法仍停留在全细胞信号分析阶段,无法进一步获得单个离子通道的活性信息。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置及测量方法,能够在不使用任何标记物质的前提下,同时在全细胞和单通道水平上对细胞的电学活动过程进行成像检测和分析。
技术方案:为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本申请提供一种基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置,包括提供调制电压信号的电化学调制模块、产生单色激光并调整所述激光强度和光斑大小的激光调节模块、对伴随细胞电活动产生的细胞膜表面电荷密度改变进行干涉散射成像的成像检测模块以及同步电化学调制电压和图像采集触发信号的信号输入模块。其中,所述电化学调制模块与成像检测模块和信号输入模块分别相连,所述激光调节模块与成像检测模块相连。
本申请还提供一种所述的基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置进行细胞电活动过程的测量方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:搭建并连接所述激光调节模块、成像检测模块、电化学调制模块和信号输入模块;
步骤2:将细胞培养在所述电化学池中,加入磷酸缓冲盐溶液,通过所述电化学调 制模块施加电化学调制,其中,将细胞培养在电化学池中是细胞传代过程中将细胞悬液均匀滴加在电化学池中,所述细胞在电化学池表面生长;
步骤3:对所述细胞的细胞电活动过程进行成像;
步骤4:基于细胞的电活动成像结果处理并计算得到所述细胞的电信号。
有益效果:本发明的基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置,使用电化学工作站对细胞施加正弦交流电压,然后通过激光调节模块和成像检测模块收集细胞在电活动过程中的干涉散射图像。与现有技术相比,本发明的有点在于:第一,所测量的信号来自于细胞电活动过程中产生的离子透镜,测量过程无需任何标记物质,不会干扰细胞的正常生理活动,从而实现对细胞的长时间非侵入式测量;第二,同时具备全细胞和单通道水平的测量能力,既能够研究细胞在电活动过程中的整体电学响应,同时可以提取单个离子通道的开放和关闭信息;第三,能够以微秒级时间分辨率实现对一个细胞或细胞群体的高通量成像检测,具备膜片钳和电压敏感成像的双重功能,为研究细胞社群通讯等过程提供了新的工具。
附图说明
图1是本发明涉及的装置的结构示意图
图2是本发明涉及的部分反射分束器的结构示意图。
图3是本发明涉及的电化学池的结构示意图。
图4是本发明对幅值图像强度与表面电荷密度的线性关系验证。其中,图4中A是ITO电极表面Randles模型,图4中B是不同频率下的ITO阻抗值,图4中C是ITO表面电荷密度与ITO幅值图像值的线性正相关关系。
图5是本发明对细胞进行低渗刺激过程中对细胞整体响应的成像测量过程。其中,图5中A是原始时序图像,图5中B是扣除背景后的比例时序图像,图5C是幅值时序图像,图5中D是细胞在低渗刺激下的响应信号。
图6是本发明对表达N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)的细胞进行谷氨酸和甘氨酸刺激后对单个离子通道信号的成像测量过程。其中,图6A是原始时序图像,图6B是扣除背景后的比例时序图像,图6C是幅值时序图像,图6D是累计时间幅值图像,图6E是ROI幅值图像,图6F是二维高斯拟合函数拟合示意图,图6G是单个NMDAR通道的信号。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,应理解这些实施例,仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。
本申请一实施例提供一种基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置,所述装置包括提供调制电压信号的电化学调制模块、产生单色激光并调整所述激光强度和光斑大小的激光调节模块、对伴随细胞电活动产生的细胞膜表面电荷密度改变进行干涉散射成像的成像检测模块以及同步电化学调制电压和图像采集触发信号的信号输入模块;其中,所述电化学调制模块与成像检测模块和信号输入模块分别相连,所述激光调节模块与成像检测模块相连。
在一实施例中,所述电化学调制模块包括电化学池和电化学工作站,所述电化学池固定在载物台上,表面生长细胞样品,并加入磷酸缓冲盐溶液。其中,所述电化学工作站通过三电极电缆线与电化学池相连。
在一实施例中,所述激光调节模块包括依次设置的连续激光器、光强调节器、光束扩大器、反射镜以及宽场透镜。其中,所述连续激光器产生的单色激光光束经过光强调节、扩束、反射和聚焦进入成像检测模块。
在一实施例中,所述成像检测模块包括依次设置的部分反射分束器、物镜、成像透镜以及CMOS相机。所述激光光束由所述部分反射分束器反射进入物镜,聚焦在所述物镜的后焦平面上,在所述电化学池上产生宽场探测光斑。
在一实施例中,伴随细胞电活动,细胞膜表面电荷密度发生不均匀改变,离子通道活跃区域,离子分布密集,电荷密度改变大,并在细胞膜表面形成一个具有一定浓度梯度的离子浓度场,称为离子透镜。所述电化学池中基底反射的探测光和所述离子透镜散射的探测光,经所述物镜采集,经所述部分反射分束器空间滤波,由成像透镜汇聚在CMOS相机的像面上进行干涉成像,并将信号输出至计算机。
在一实施例中,所述部分反射分束器为中心镀有金属膜的反射透射比为10:90的分束器。
在一实施例中,所述信号输入模块包括示波器和双通道数字信号发生器。所述双通道数字信号发生器的通道一通过信号线与电化学工作站相连接,控制电化学工作站向电化学池施加频率固定的正弦交流电压信号,通道二通过信号线分别与CMOS相机和示波器相连接,输出频率固定的方波信号,控制CMOS相机采集图像。所述示波器通过信号线分别与电化学工作站电压输出端、电流输出端以及双通道数字信号发生器通道二相连接,实时监测所述电化学工作站输出的电压信号、电流信号以及CMOS相机的采集信号。
本申请还提供一种所述的基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置进行细胞电活动过程的测量方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:搭建并连接所述激光调节模块、成像检测模块、电化学调制模块和信号输入模块;
步骤2:将细胞培养在所述电化学池中,加入磷酸缓冲盐溶液,通过所述电化学调制模块施加电化学调制,其中,将细胞培养在电化学池中是在细胞传代过程中将细胞悬液均匀滴加在电化学池中,所述细胞在电化学池表面生长;
步骤3:对所述细胞的细胞电活动过程进行成像;
步骤4:基于细胞的电活动成像结果处理并计算得到所述细胞的电信号。
在一实施例中,所述步骤2中,将细胞培养在电化学池中是指在细胞传代过程中将细胞悬液均匀滴加在电化学池中,所述细胞在电化学池表面生长。加入磷酸缓冲盐溶液是指在将原细胞培养溶液替换为磷酸缓冲盐溶液。
在一实施例中,所述步骤2中,所述施加电化学调制的具体方法为:将电化学池固定在载物台上,使用三电极电缆线连接电化学工作站和电化学池,合理放置电极位置,设置并开启双通道数字信号发生器通道一,通过示波器实时观测电化学工作站检测到的电压和电流输出。合理放置电极位置是指在电极连接过程中,使各电线之间连接紧密,防止电路短路。
在一实施例中,所述步骤3中,对所述细胞的细胞电活动过程进行成像的具体方法为:
步骤31:对所述细胞施加化学刺激,引起细胞的电活动;
步骤32:所述电化学工作站对细胞施加固定频率的正弦交流电压信号,CMOS相机以十倍于正弦交流电压信号的频率采集图像,获得细胞的电活动成像
在一实施例中,所述步骤4中,基于细胞的成像结果处理并计算得到所述细胞的电信号的具体方法为:
步骤41:CMOS相机采集到的干涉散射图像按照时间顺序排列,对时序图像中每个像素进行短时傅里叶变换,提取正弦交流电压频率处对应的幅值,重构图像,得到时序幅值图像;
步骤42:在时序幅值图像中,计算每一帧中细胞轮廓内的平均幅值强度,得到细胞在电活动过程中细胞膜表面电荷密度变化的信息;
步骤43:在时序幅值图像中,选取适当位置和大小的感兴趣区域,在每一帧中对该区域进行二维高斯函数拟合,记录拟合函数的振幅值,得到细胞在电活动过程中单个粒子通道开放和关闭的信息。
在一实施例中,所述步骤41中,进行短时傅里叶变换的具体方法为:CMOS相机采集到的干涉散射图像按照时间顺序排列,设置长度为128帧,重叠长度为120帧的滚动时间窗口,在每个时间窗口内,对时序图像中每个像素进行快速傅里叶变换,提取正弦交流电压频率处对应的幅值,重构图像,得到当前时间窗口序列下的幅值图像。移动时间窗口,重复以上处理,得到所述细胞在电活动过程中的时序图像。
在一实施例中,所述步骤42中,细胞轮廓的选取方法为:在与干涉散射图像在同一位置处拍摄的明场图像中,确定细胞的轮廓。
在一实施例中,所述步骤43中,感兴趣区域的选取方法为:将所有时序幅值图像加和,得到累积时间幅值图,在累积时间幅值图像中选择像素值较大区域,定义为感兴趣区域。
在一实施例中,在步骤31中,化学刺激施加过程中防止电化学池抖动和电路短路,具体化学刺激类型本领域技术人员可根据实际实验目的和需要进行设置,只要使该方法能在步骤32中清楚地获得细胞干涉散射图像即可;
在一实施例中,在步骤32中,施加的正弦交流电压信号的具体参数本领域技术人员可根据待测电活动的实际动力学性质进行设置,只要使CMOS相机采集频率为正弦交流电压信号频率的十倍,且能够清楚地获得细胞干涉散射图像即可;
在一实施例中,在步骤41中,时间窗口的参数本领域技术人员可根据实际施加的正弦交流电压信号参数等进行设置,只要最终处理得到的时序幅值图像的时间分辨率匹配电活动的动力学性质即可。
如图1所示,基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置,包括提供调制电压信号的电化学调制模块、产生单色激光并调整所述激光强度和光斑大小的激光调节模块、对伴随细胞电活动产生的细胞膜表面电荷密度改变进行干涉散射成像的成像检测模块以及同步电化学调制电压和图像采集触发信号的信号输入模块。其中,所述电化学调制模块与成像检测模块和信号输入模块分别相连,所述激光调节模块与成像检测模块相连。
电化学调制模块包括电化学池10和电化学工作站11,电化学池10固定在载物台上,表面生长细胞样品,并加入磷酸缓冲盐溶液。电化学工作站11通过三电极电缆线与电化学池10相连。
激光调节模块包括依次设置的连续激光器1、光强调节器2、光束扩大器3、反射镜4以及宽场透镜5。连续激光器产生532nm单色激光光束,设置光强调节器2衰减激光强度至原强度1%,设置光束扩大器3扩大至原光斑5倍大小,激光经反射镜4反射,经宽场透镜5聚焦进入成像检测模块。
成像检测模块包括依次设置的部分反射分束器6、物镜7、成像透镜8以及CMOS相机9。激光由部分反射分束器6反射进入物镜,聚焦在60×物镜7的后焦平面上,在电化学池10上产生宽场探测光斑。基底反射的探测光和离子透镜散射的探测光,经所述部分反射分束器6空间滤波,由成像透镜8汇聚在CMOS相机的像面上进行干涉成像。
信号输入模块包括示波器12和双通道数字信号发生器13。双通道数字信号发生器13的通道一通过信号线与电化学工作站11相连接,通道二通过信号线分别与CMOS相机9和示波器12相连接。示波器12通过信号线分别与电化学工作站11电压输出端、电流输出端以及双通道数字信号发生器13通道二相连接。
如图2所示,部分反射分束器6是指中心镀有金属膜的反射透射比为10:90的分束器,用于对干涉光场实施空间调制,放大来自离子透镜的干涉散射信号,提高检测灵敏度。
如图3所示,电化学池10由导电玻璃(ITO)、双面胶和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)组装而成。ITO用丙酮、乙醇、氢氧化钠水溶液各自超声清洗20min,再用超纯水冲洗干净,用氮气吹干,备用。取一片厚度小于100μm的双面胶,在ITO表面隔离出d1=2mm的圆孔。双面胶上粘附PDMS,制作成h=4mm,d2=10mm的电化学池。紫外臭氧处理30min后用于细胞培养。
实施例1
幅值图像强度(Φ)与表面电荷密度的线性关系验证:
通过测量不同调制频率下未修饰的ITO电极表面的短时傅里叶变换幅值,可以确定幅值图像强度与表面电荷密度之间的线性关系。构建图3所示电化学池,在电化学池内加入1M NaClO4作为电解质溶液,合理连接三电极体系,对未修饰的ITO施加一系列不同频率的正弦交流电压。ITO电极表面符合Randles模型(图4中A),ITO的阻抗(Z)可以定义为:
其中Rs为溶液电阻,Cp为双电层电容,Rp为极化电阻,f为调制频率,V和I为示波器在不同下f读取的电压和电流值。通过上述公式计算阻抗值并进行拟合(图4中B),得到各项参数值。利用这些参数,ITO表面的电荷密度(Qc)可计算为:
根据上述公式计算表面电荷密度,并将计算出的电荷密度与ITO的幅值图像值进行比较,发现两者之间存在线性关系(图4中C)。将该正相关关系应用到细胞样品上,可以得到在细胞膜表面电荷密度与细胞幅值信号的正比关系:
其中Cm为细胞膜电容,Ri为细胞质电阻,k为正相关系数。
实施例2
探测细胞在低渗刺激下全细胞水平上的细胞电活动过程:
(1)样品制备:
将PC12细胞培养在电化学池中,培养液为含双抗的高糖DMEM,添加10%胎牛血清,培养环境为37℃、95%空气、5%二氧化碳。细胞生长12-24h后,密度达到70~80%,移除培养溶液,用磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)冲洗三次后,加入200μLPBS。
(2)细胞在低渗刺激下的全细胞成像和信号检测:
经步骤(1)处理的电化学池固定在载物台上,合理连接三电极体系,设置双通道数字信号发生器的参数,使其通道一产生频率为30Hz、振幅为1V的正弦信号,经电化学工作站调制后产生正弦交流电压加到电化学池中,使其通道二产生频率为300Hz的方波信号,触发CMOS相机采集图像。
在一次采集过程中,向电化学池中滴加10μL去离子水,使得细胞外液的渗透浓度从300mOsm/L降低到285mOsm/L,记录细胞对此变化的响应过程。
如图5所示,通过原始图像(图5中A)计算比例图像I(图5中B),I=(Ii-Ibg)/Ibg,其中Ibg是用前300帧时序图像计算得到的时间中值图像,来去除ITO表面和细胞膜结构中的静态散射背景;对时序比例图像进行短时傅里叶变换(STFT):设置滚动时间窗口长度为128帧,重叠长度为120帧,依次对窗口内图像的每个像素进行快速傅里叶变换,提取30Hz对应的幅值,构建幅值图像(图5中C);根据同一位置的明场图像,使用细胞轮廓内的平均强度来确定整个细胞膜表面电荷密度值(Φi)。在细胞应对低渗刺激的过程中,细胞的电学活动可以通过细胞膜整体的表面电荷密度变化(图5中D)ΔΦ=Φi0来表示,其中Φ0是t=0时细胞的幅值信号。
实施例3
探测细胞上NMDAR在谷氨酸和甘氨酸刺激下单通道水平上的细胞电活动过程:
(1)样品制备:
将HEK293细胞培养在电化学池中,培养液为不含双抗的MEM,添加10%胎牛血清,培养环境为37℃、95%空气、5%二氧化碳。细胞生长12-24h后,密度达到70~80%,使用Lipofectamine3000将含有人源GluN1和GluN2A的质粒DNA按照质量比1:1转染进细胞中,24h后弃去培养溶液,用PBS冲洗三次后,加入200μL配制的细胞外液。
细胞外液使用无菌去离子水配制,使用前应用0.22μm滤纸过滤两次。其组成为:150mM NaCl、2.5mM KCl、1mM EDTA、10mM HEPES、10mM葡萄糖、1mM谷氨酸和0.1mM甘氨酸,使用NaOH调整pH至8.0。
(2)NMDAR激活后的单通道成像和信号检测:
经步骤(1)处理的电化学池固定在载物台上,合理连接三电极体系,设置双通道数字信号发生器的参数,使其通道一产生频率为150Hz、振幅为1V的正弦信号,经电化学工作站调制后产生正弦交流电压加到电化学池中,使其通道二产生频率为1500Hz的方波信号,触发CMOS相机采集图像。
如图6所示,通过原始图像(图6中A)计算比例图像I(图6中B),I=(Ii-Ibg)/Ibg,其中Ibg是用前300帧时序图像计算得到的时间中值图像,来去除ITO表面和细胞膜结构中的静态散射背景;对时序比例图像进行STFT:设置滚动时间窗口长度为128帧,重叠长度为127帧,依次对窗口内图像的每个像素进行快速傅里叶变换,提取150Hz对应的幅值,构建幅值图像(图6中C);将所有幅值图像加和,构建累积时间幅值图(ATAP,图6中D);在ATAP中选择像素值较大区域,定义为感兴趣区域(ROI);将一个二维高斯函数逐帧拟合到幅值图像中ROI相应的位置(图6中E),成功拟合的函数幅值(Ai)定义为单个离子通道开放时的信号值(图6中F),NMDAR通道的开放-关闭信号(图6中G)计算为,ΔA=Ai-A0,其中A0为未成功拟合二维高斯函数的图像的ROI内平均幅值强度。
相比于其他方法,本发明提供的基于电化学调制的细胞电活动成像装置及测量方法,通过对伴随细胞电活动过程产生的离子透镜进行电化学调制,实现了以微秒级分辨率记录单个离子通道的信号,能够在不使用任何标记物质的前提下,在全细胞水平和单通道水平上同时对细胞电活动过程进行成像分析,同时具备速度快、高通量等测量优势,对使用光学方法进行神经电生理学研究具有重要意义。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来书,在不脱离本发明的原理的前提下,还可以作数若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应当视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置,其特征在于:包括提供调制电压信号的电化学调制模块、产生单色激光并调整所述激光强度和光斑大小的激光调节模块、对伴随细胞电活动产生的细胞膜表面电荷密度改变进行干涉散射成像的成像检测模块以及同步电化学调制电压和图像采集触发信号的信号输入模块;其中,所述电化学调制模块与成像检测模块和信号输入模块分别相连,所述激光调节模块与成像检测模块相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置,其特征在于,所述电化学调制模块包括电化学池(10)和电化学工作站(11),其中,所述电化学池(10)表面用于培养细胞样品。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置,其特征在于,所述激光调节模块包括连续激光器(1)、光强调节器(2)、光束扩大器(3)、反射镜(4)以及宽场透镜(5);其中,所述连续激光器(1)用于产生单色激光,所述光强调节器(2)用于调整所述激光的强度,所述光束扩大器(3)用于扩大所述激光的光斑大小。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置,其特征在于,所述成像检测模块包括部分反射分束器(6)、物镜(7)、成像透镜(8)以及CMOS相机(9);其中,经由所述光束扩大器(3)的激光经过所述反射镜(4),由所述宽场透镜(5)汇聚,由所述部分反射分束器(6)反射进入物镜(7),聚焦在所述物镜(7)的后焦平面上,在所述电化学池(10)中的细胞上产生宽场探测光斑,用于探测伴随细胞电活动产生细胞膜表面电荷密度改变的信号;所述电化学池(10)中基底反射的探测光和所述电化学池(10)中伴随细胞电活动产生的离子透镜散射的探测光,经部分反射分束器(6)空间滤波,由成像透镜(8)汇聚在CMOS相机(9)的像面上干涉成像。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置,其特征在于,所述部分反射分束器(6)为中心镀有金属膜的反射透射比为10:90的分束器。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置,其特征在于,所述信号输入模块包括示波器(12)和双通道数字信号发生器(13);其中,所述双通道数字信号发生器(13)用于控制电化学工作站(11)给所述电化学池(10)施加频率固定的正弦交流电压信号,同时输出频率固定的方波信号控制所述CMOS相机(9)采集图像;所述示波器(12)用于监测所述电化学工作站(11)的实时输出信号和CMOS相机(9)的实时采集信号。
  7. 一种使用权利要求1~6中任意一项所述的基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置进行细胞电活动过程的测量方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    步骤1:搭建并连接所述激光调节模块、成像检测模块、电化学调制模块和信号输入模块;
    步骤2:将细胞培养在所述电化学池中,加入磷酸缓冲盐溶液,通过所述电化学调制模块施加电化学调制,其中,将细胞培养在电化学池中是细胞传代过程中将细胞悬液均匀滴加在电化学池中,所述细胞在电化学池表面生长;
    步骤3:对所述细胞的细胞电活动过程进行成像;
    步骤4:基于细胞的电活动成像结果处理并计算得到所述细胞的电信号。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述细胞电活动过程测量方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中,对所述细胞的细胞电活动过程进行成像的具体方法为:
    步骤31:对所述细胞施加化学刺激,引起细胞的电活动;
    步骤32:所述电化学工作站对细胞施加固定频率的正弦交流电压信号,所述CMOS相机以十倍于正弦交流电压信号的频率采集干涉散射图像,获得细胞的电活动成像。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述细胞电活动过程测量方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中,基于细胞的电活动成像结果处理并计算得到所述细胞的电信号的具体方法为:
    步骤41:CMOS相机采集到的干涉散射图像按照时间顺序排列,对时序图像中每个像素进行短时傅里叶变换,提取正弦交流电压频率处对应的幅值,重构图像,得到时序幅值图像;
    步骤42:在时序幅值图像中,计算每一帧中细胞轮廓内的平均幅值强度,得到细胞在电活动过程中细胞膜表面电荷密度变化的信息;
    步骤43:在时序幅值图像中,选取适当位置和大小的感兴趣区域,在每一帧中对该区域进行二维高斯函数拟合,记录拟合函数的振幅值,得到细胞在电活动过程中单个离子通道开放和关闭的信息。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述细胞电活动过程测量方法,其特征在于,所述步骤43中,所述感兴趣区域的选取方法为:将所有时序幅值图像加和,得到累积时间幅值图,在累积时间幅值图像中选择像素值较大区域,定义为感兴趣区域。
PCT/CN2024/105720 2023-10-13 2024-07-16 一种基于电化学调制离子透镜的细胞电活动成像装置及测量方法 Pending WO2025077331A1 (zh)

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