WO2025035798A1 - 电池单体、电池和用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025035798A1
WO2025035798A1 PCT/CN2024/086673 CN2024086673W WO2025035798A1 WO 2025035798 A1 WO2025035798 A1 WO 2025035798A1 CN 2024086673 W CN2024086673 W CN 2024086673W WO 2025035798 A1 WO2025035798 A1 WO 2025035798A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
battery cell
support structure
cell according
electrode assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/086673
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨道伟
柯海波
阎晓洁
李全坤
邢承友
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP24853214.5A priority Critical patent/EP4753053A1/en
Publication of WO2025035798A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025035798A1/zh
Priority to US19/455,959 priority patent/US20260149119A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/477—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/474—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their position inside the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the electrode assembly runs the risk of moving toward the first wall of the outer shell on which a pressure relief mechanism is provided, causing the electrode assembly to be pressed against the first wall, thereby blocking the channel for the thermal runaway gas to be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism, thereby causing non-directional pressure relief inside the battery cell.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device, which can reduce the possibility of non-directional pressure release in the battery cell.
  • a battery cell comprising: an outer shell having a first wall, the first wall being provided with a pressure relief mechanism; an electrode assembly accommodated in the outer shell; a support structure, arranged between the electrode assembly and the first wall and fixedly connected to the first wall, the support structure being used to form an exhaust channel between the first wall and the electrode assembly that is connected to the pressure relief mechanism.
  • a support structure is provided between a first wall provided with a pressure relief mechanism and the electrode assembly, and the support structure is fixed on the first wall to form an exhaust passage connected to the pressure relief mechanism between the first wall and the electrode assembly.
  • the support structure is used to support the electrode assembly.
  • the support structure is used to support the electrode assembly, which is beneficial for forming an exhaust channel connected to the pressure relief mechanism between the first wall and the electrode assembly when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, thereby improving the problem of non-directional pressure relief in the battery cell.
  • the melting point of the support structure is greater than 100°C.
  • a support structure with a melting point greater than 100°C is used, which is advantageous in that the battery cell is not easily melted when thermal runaway occurs, thereby being able to form an exhaust channel connected to the pressure relief mechanism between the first wall and the electrode assembly, so that the thermal runaway gas can be discharged to the outside of the battery cell through the pressure relief mechanism in a timely manner, thereby improving the problem of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell further includes: an insulating member disposed between the electrode assembly and the first wall; wherein the insulating member is provided with an escape cavity, and the escape cavity is used to accommodate the support structure.
  • the insulation between the first wall and the electrode assembly does not need to be affected, and there is no need to occupy additional space of the battery cell in the thickness direction of the first wall, thereby improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell further includes an insulating member, the insulating member is used to insulate the first wall and the electrode assembly, and the melting point of the supporting structure is higher than the melting point of the insulating member.
  • the support structure is not easily melted in the later stage of thermal runaway, and an exhaust channel can be provided for the thermal runaway gas to reach the pressure relief mechanism, thereby reducing the probability of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell.
  • the support structure is fixedly connected to the first wall by welding.
  • the support structure and the first wall are fixedly connected by welding, so as to enhance the bonding strength between the support structure and the first wall.
  • the support structure and the first wall are integrally formed.
  • the support structure and the first wall are integrally formed, which can improve the bonding strength between the first wall and the support structure, thereby reducing the shaking of the support structure in the battery cell and reducing the probability of the support structure blocking the pressure relief mechanism.
  • an insulating layer is provided on a surface of the support structure facing the electrode assembly.
  • an insulating layer is provided on the surface of the support structure facing the electrode assembly, which can reduce the probability of electrical connection between the first wall and the electrode assembly.
  • the material of the support structure is the same as the material of the first wall.
  • the material of the support structure is set to be the same as the material of the first wall, which can improve the workability of fixing the support structure on the first wall.
  • a gap between the shell and the electrode assembly there is a gap between the shell and the electrode assembly; the support structure is provided with a cavity penetrating along the first direction, the cavity is used to conduct the pressure relief mechanism and the gap, and the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the first wall.
  • the support structure is provided with a cavity penetrating along the first direction, which is used to connect the gap and the pressure relief mechanism, so as to guide the thermal runaway gas accumulated in the gap to the pressure relief mechanism, thereby reducing the possibility that the thermal runaway gas accumulated in the gap will not be exhausted in time and cause the shell to be broken.
  • the cavity in the support structure it can also achieve the effect of reducing weight and improving energy density.
  • the support structure includes a first connecting wall and at least one supporting wall that are connected to each other, the first connecting wall is fixedly connected to the first wall, and the supporting wall is perpendicular to the first connecting wall.
  • the weight of the battery cell can be reduced and the energy density of the battery cell can be improved.
  • the at least one supporting wall includes two supporting walls arranged opposite to each other along a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the first wall, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • a cavity penetrating along the first direction is formed by two supporting walls arranged opposite to each other along the second direction and the first connecting wall, so that the ventilation cross-sectional area can be increased as much as possible while the supporting strength is enhanced, thereby improving the exhaust rate of the thermal runaway gas.
  • the two support walls are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting wall along the second direction
  • the support wall includes a first part perpendicular to the second direction and a second part parallel to the first connecting wall, the first part is connected to the first connecting wall, and the two second parts of the two support walls are spaced apart along the second direction.
  • the supporting wall includes not only a first portion perpendicular to the second direction, but also a second portion parallel to the first connecting wall, and the two second portions of the supporting structure are spaced apart along the second direction, which can enhance the strength of the supporting structure.
  • a projection of the second part on the first wall is located within a projection of the first connecting wall on the first wall.
  • the two supporting walls are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting wall along the second direction, and in the thickness direction of the first wall, the projection of the second part on the first wall is located at the first connecting wall at Within the projection on the first wall, the ventilation cross-sectional area of the supporting structure can be more effectively increased.
  • a projection of the second part on the first wall is located outside a projection of the first connecting wall on the first wall.
  • the two supporting walls are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting wall along the second direction, and in the thickness direction of the first wall, the projection of the second part on the first wall is located outside the projection of the first connecting wall on the first wall, so that the supporting structure is more manufacturable.
  • the support structure further includes a second connecting wall, which is arranged opposite to the first connecting wall along the thickness direction of the first wall, and the first connecting wall, the second connecting wall and the two supporting walls are connected end to end to form a cavity.
  • the support structure is formed by a first connecting wall, two supporting walls and a second connecting wall connected end to end, which can enhance the strength of the support structure and thus improve the support for the electrode assembly.
  • the support structure is disposed at an end region of the battery cell along the first direction.
  • the support structure is arranged at the end area of the first wall along the first direction, which can minimize the possibility of the first wall at the end in the first direction abutting against the electrode assembly, so that the thermal runaway gas in the battery cell can reach the pressure relief mechanism, reducing the possibility of non-directional pressure relief in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism in a first direction, is disposed between two supporting structures, and the first direction is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the first wall.
  • the pressure relief mechanism in the first direction, is arranged between the two supporting structures, which can minimize the possibility of the end of the first wall abutting against the electrode assembly, so that the thermal runaway gas in the two side chamber cavities of the battery cell in the first direction can be discharged to the pressure relief mechanism through the corresponding supporting structures, further reducing the possibility of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell.
  • the support structure is disposed in a middle region of the end region in a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the first wall, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the thermal runaway gas accumulated in the side chamber cavity of the battery cell in the first direction can be discharged to the pressure relief mechanism as much as possible, thereby reducing the possibility of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell.
  • the support structure is disposed in an edge region of the end region in a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the first wall, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the thermal runaway gas accumulated in the side chamber cavity of the battery cell in the first direction can be discharged to the pressure relief mechanism as much as possible without serious deformation of the shell, thereby reducing the possibility of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell.
  • a dimension h of the support structure and a dimension c of the battery cell satisfy: 0.003 ⁇ h/c ⁇ 0.13.
  • h/c is less than 0.003, it is very easy to be blocked by particulate matter or pole pieces generated by the loss of control inside the battery cell, thereby failing to achieve the purpose of forming an exhaust channel; and when h/c is greater than 0.13, the energy density of the battery cell will be seriously sacrificed; setting h/c between 0.003 and 0.13 can achieve the purpose of balancing the energy density of the battery cell and forming an exhaust channel between the first wall and the electrode assembly.
  • the first wall and the electrode assembly are provided with at least one supporting structure, and in the thickness direction of the first wall, the at least one supporting structure satisfies the following relationship between the total projected area S1 of the first wall and the area S of the first wall: 0.012 ⁇ S1/S ⁇ 0.26.
  • the first wall is an end cover.
  • the support structure and the end cover are fixed together.
  • the support structure and the end cover can be fixed together externally, or the support structure can be directly formed when preparing the end cover, without extending the support structure into the shell for fixing, thereby improving the preparation efficiency of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell further includes: an electrode terminal disposed on the first wall; and the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the electrode assembly.
  • a battery comprising the battery cell in the first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • an electrical device comprising the battery in the second aspect, wherein the battery is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a planar cross-sectional view of a battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell disclosed in yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the first wall and the support structure disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is another planar cross-sectional view of a battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a support structure disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a support structure disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a support structure disclosed in yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 shows a top view of a first wall disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two groups)
  • multiple sheets refers to more than two sheets (including two sheets).
  • the battery cell may be a secondary battery.
  • a secondary battery refers to a battery cell that can be continuously used by activating active materials by charging after the battery cell is discharged.
  • the battery cell can be a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery, a sodium lithium ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a sodium metal battery, a lithium sulfur battery, a magnesium ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a lead storage battery, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery cell generally includes an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator.
  • active ions such as lithium ions
  • the separator is set between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to prevent the positive and negative electrodes from short-circuiting, while allowing active ions to pass through.
  • the positive electrode may be a positive electrode sheet, which may include a positive current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector has two surfaces facing each other in its thickness direction, and the positive electrode active material is disposed on either or both of the two facing surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • the metal foil aluminum or stainless steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel or titanium, etc., treated with silver surface, may be used.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base and a metal layer.
  • the composite current collector may be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • the positive electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: lithium-containing phosphates, lithium transition metal oxides, and their respective modified compounds.
  • the present application is not limited to these materials, and other traditional materials that can be used as positive electrode active materials for batteries may also be used. These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • lithium-containing phosphates may include, but are not limited to, at least one of lithium iron phosphate (such as LiFePO4 (also referred to as LFP)), a composite material of lithium iron phosphate and carbon, lithium manganese phosphate (such as LiMnPO4), a composite material of lithium manganese phosphate and carbon, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and a composite material of lithium iron manganese phosphate and carbon.
  • lithium iron phosphate such as LiFePO4 (also referred to as LFP)
  • LiMnPO4 lithium manganese phosphate
  • the negative electrode may be a negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • the metal foil aluminum or stainless steel treated with silver, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel or titanium, etc. may be used.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base and a metal layer.
  • the composite current collector may be formed by forming a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector has two surfaces facing each other in its thickness direction, and the negative electrode active material is disposed on either or both of the two facing surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode active material may adopt the negative electrode active material for battery cells known in the art.
  • the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, lithium titanate, etc.
  • the negative electrode may be a foam metal.
  • the foam metal may be foam nickel, foam copper, foam aluminum, foam alloy, or foam carbon, etc.
  • the surface of the foam metal may not be provided with a negative electrode active material, but of course, a negative electrode active material may also be provided.
  • a lithium source material, potassium metal or sodium metal may be filled or/and deposited in the negative electrode current collector, and the lithium source material is lithium metal and/or lithium-rich material.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector may be aluminum, and the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the separator is a separator.
  • the present application has no particular limitation on the type of separator, and any known separator with a porous structure having good chemical stability and mechanical stability can be selected.
  • the main material of the isolation membrane can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and ceramics.
  • the separator is a solid electrolyte, which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and serves to transmit ions and isolate the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the battery cell further includes an electrolyte, which acts as a conductor of ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • an electrolyte which acts as a conductor of ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the present application has no specific restrictions on the type of electrolyte, which can be selected according to needs.
  • the electrolyte can be liquid, gel or solid.
  • the electrode assembly is a wound structure, wherein the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are wound into a wound structure.
  • the electrode assembly is a laminate structure.
  • a plurality of positive electrode sheets and a plurality of negative electrode sheets may be provided respectively, and the plurality of positive electrode sheets and the plurality of negative electrode sheets may be alternately stacked.
  • a plurality of positive electrode sheets may be provided, and the negative electrode sheet is folded to form a plurality of stacked folded segments, with a positive electrode sheet sandwiched between adjacent folded segments.
  • both the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are folded to form a plurality of stacked folded sections.
  • a plurality of separators may be provided, each of which is provided between any adjacent positive electrode sheets or negative electrode sheets.
  • the separator may be disposed continuously, and may be disposed between any adjacent positive electrode sheets or negative electrode sheets by folding or winding.
  • the shape of the electrode assembly can be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal.
  • the electrode assembly is provided with tabs, which can lead current out of the electrode assembly.
  • the tabs include a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • the battery cell may include a housing.
  • the housing is used to encapsulate components such as electrode assemblies and electrolytes.
  • the housing may be a steel housing, an aluminum housing, a plastic housing (such as polypropylene), a composite metal housing (such as a copper-aluminum composite housing), or an aluminum-plastic film.
  • the housing includes a shell and a cover plate.
  • the battery cell can be a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, a soft-pack battery cell or a battery cell of other shapes.
  • the prismatic battery cell includes a square shell battery cell, a blade-shaped battery cell, a polygonal battery, such as a hexagonal battery, etc. There is no special limitation in this application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may include one or more battery cells to provide a single physical module with higher voltage and capacity.
  • the multiple battery cells are connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection through a busbar component.
  • the battery may be a battery module.
  • the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.
  • the battery may be a battery pack, which includes a case and battery cells, wherein the battery cells or battery modules are accommodated in the case.
  • the box body can be used as a part of the chassis structure of the vehicle.
  • part of the box body can become at least a part of the floor of the vehicle, or part of the box body can become at least a part of the cross beam and longitudinal beam of the vehicle.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, which provides a support structure between a first wall provided with a pressure relief mechanism and an electrode assembly, and fixes the support structure on the first wall, so that the support structure can form an exhaust channel between the first wall and the electrode assembly to guide the thermal runaway gas to the pressure relief mechanism, and then the thermal runaway gas can be discharged to the outside of the battery cell through the pressure relief mechanism in time, thereby reducing the possibility of non-directional pressure relief in the battery cell.
  • FIG1 it is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a motor 80, a controller 60 and a battery 100 may be provided inside the vehicle 1.
  • the controller 60 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 80.
  • a battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 100 may be used to supply power to the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1, for the circuit system of the vehicle 1, for example, for the working power requirements during the start-up, navigation and operation of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 100 may not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1, but also as a driving power source for the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 100 may include a plurality of battery cells 20.
  • the battery 100 may also include a casing, the interior of which is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 20 may be accommodated in the casing.
  • the casing may include two parts, which are respectively referred to as a first casing portion 111 and a second casing portion 112, and the first casing portion 111 and the second casing portion 112 are buckled together.
  • the shapes of the first casing portion 111 and the second casing portion 112 may be determined according to the shapes of the combination of the plurality of battery cells 20, and at least one of the first casing portion 111 and the second casing portion 112 has an opening.
  • only one of the first casing portion 111 and the second casing portion 112 is a hollow cuboid with an opening, and the other is in the shape of a plate to cover the opening.
  • the second casing portion 112 is a hollow cuboid with only one face.
  • the first box body 111 is a plate-shaped opening surface, and the first box body 111 covers the opening of the second box body 112 to form a box body 11 with a closed chamber, which can be used to accommodate multiple battery cells 20. After the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in parallel, in series or in mixed series, they are placed in the box body formed by the first box body 111 and the second box body 112 being buckled together.
  • the first box body 111 and the second box body 112 can both be hollow cuboids and each have only one open face, the opening of the first box body 111 and the opening of the second box body 112 are arranged opposite to each other, and the first box body 111 and the second box body 112 are buckled together to form a box with a closed chamber.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in parallel, in series, or in a mixed combination and are placed in the box formed by the first box body 111 and the second box body 112 being buckled together.
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, which are not described one by one here.
  • the battery 100 may also include a busbar component (not shown in the figure), which is used to realize the electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20.
  • the busbar component can realize the electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20.
  • the busbar component can be fixed to the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 by welding. The electrical energy of multiple battery cells 20 can be further led out through the box through the conductive mechanism.
  • the conductive mechanism may also belong to the busbar component.
  • the number of battery cells 20 can be multiple, and multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or in hybrid connection, where hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connection.
  • Battery 100 can also be called a battery pack.
  • multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or in hybrid connection to form a battery module, and multiple battery modules can be connected in series, in parallel, or in hybrid connection to form battery 100.
  • multiple battery cells can directly form battery 100, or they can first form battery modules, and then the battery modules can form battery 100.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic exploded view of a battery cell 20 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 includes one or more electrode assemblies 22, a shell 211 and a cover plate 212, wherein the wall of the shell 211 and the cover plate 212 are both referred to as the wall of the battery cell 20.
  • the shell 211 is determined according to the shape of the one or more electrode assemblies 22 after being combined.
  • the shell 211 may be a hollow cuboid or cube or cylinder, and one of the faces of the shell 211 has an opening so that one or more electrode assemblies 22 can be placed in the shell 211.
  • the shell 211 when the shell 211 is a hollow cuboid or cube, one of the planes of the shell 211 is an open face, that is, the plane has no wall, so that the inside and outside of the shell 211 are connected.
  • the shell 211 may be a hollow cylinder, the end face of the shell 211 is an open face, that is, the end face has no wall, so that the inside and outside of the shell 211 are connected.
  • the cover plate 212 covers The cover is opened and connected to the housing 211 to form a closed cavity for placing the electrode assembly 22.
  • the housing 211 is filled with electrolyte, such as electrolyte solution.
  • the battery cell 20 also includes two electrode terminals 214.
  • the cover plate 212 is generally in the shape of a flat plate, and the two electrode terminals 214 are fixed on the flat surface of the cover plate 212.
  • the two electrode terminals 214 are respectively a positive electrode terminal 214a and a negative electrode terminal 214b.
  • Each electrode terminal 214 is provided with a corresponding connection member 23, or it can also be called a current collecting member, which is located between the cover plate 212 and the electrode assembly 22, and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 22 and the electrode terminal 214.
  • each electrode assembly 22 has a first pole tab 221a and a second pole tab 222a.
  • the polarities of the first pole tab 221a and the second pole tab 222a are opposite.
  • the first pole tab 221a is a positive pole tab
  • the second pole tab 222a is a negative pole tab.
  • the first pole tab 221a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 is connected to an electrode terminal 214 through a connecting member 23, and the second pole tab 222a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 is connected to another electrode terminal 214 through another connecting member 23.
  • the first pole tab 221a is a positive pole tab
  • the second pole tab 222a is a negative pole tab
  • the positive electrode terminal 214a is connected to the first pole tab 221a through a connecting member 23
  • the negative electrode terminal 214b is connected to the second pole tab 222a through another connecting member 23.
  • the electrode assembly 22 can be provided as a single one or multiple ones according to actual use requirements. As shown in FIG. 3 , four independent electrode assemblies 22 are provided in the battery cell 20 .
  • a pressure relief mechanism 213 may be further provided on one wall of the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is used to be actuated to release the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 when the internal pressure or temperature reaches a threshold.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be disposed on the cover plate 212 , or on any wall of the housing 211 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan cross-sectional view of a battery cell 30 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 30 includes: a shell 31, having a first wall 311, and a pressure relief mechanism 312 is arranged on the first wall 311; an electrode assembly 32 is accommodated in the shell 31; a support structure 33, which is arranged between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32, and the support structure 33 is fixedly connected to the first wall 311, and the support structure 33 is used to form an exhaust channel A between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32 that is connected to the pressure relief mechanism 312.
  • the housing 31 may include the shell 211 and the cover 212 shown in FIG. 3
  • the first wall 311 may be any wall of the shell 211 or the cover 212
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be disposed on any wall of the battery cell 30 .
  • the support structure 33 is arranged between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32, and the support structure 33 is fixedly connected to the first wall 322. It can be understood that the support structure 33 is fixed on the surface of the first wall 311 facing the electrode assembly 32. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the support structure 33 is fixed on the lower surface of the first wall 311.
  • the support structure 33 is used to form an exhaust channel A between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32, which is connected to the pressure relief mechanism 312. Specifically, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 30, the support structure 33 can separate the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32, and form an exhaust channel A between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32.
  • the exhaust channel A can guide the thermal runaway gas to the pressure relief mechanism 312, so that the thermal runaway gas is discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 312 to the outside of the battery cell 30.
  • the support structure 33 is arranged between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32, and the support structure 33 is fixed to the first wall 311, and is used to form an exhaust channel A between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32 that is connected to the pressure relief mechanism 312, so that when the battery cell 30 has thermal runaway, there is a gap between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32, so that the thermal runaway gas can be accommodated, and because the pressure relief mechanism 312 is arranged on the first wall 311, the thermal runaway gas accumulated in the gap between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32 can be discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 312 to the outside of the battery cell 30, thereby reducing the possibility of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell 30.
  • the support structure 33 is used to support the electrode assembly 32 .
  • the support structure 33 may restrict the electrode assembly 32 from moving toward the first wall 311 .
  • the support structure 33 is used to support the electrode assembly 32 when the battery cell 30 has thermal runaway.
  • the support structure 33 can support the electrode assembly 32 regardless of whether the battery cell 30 has thermal runaway. The embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.
  • the support structure 33 is used to support the electrode assembly 32, which is beneficial for forming an exhaust channel A connected to the pressure relief mechanism 312 between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32 when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 30, thereby improving the problem of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell 30.
  • the melting point of the support structure 33 is greater than 100°C.
  • the material of the support structure 33 may be a single material, for example, the material of the support structure 33 is a single material such as aluminum material or copper material. In this case, the support structure 33 has a fixed melting point.
  • the material of the support structure 33 may be a composite material.
  • the support structure 33 may be a mixed material of aluminum and copper.
  • the support structure 33 does not have a fixed melting point, that is, the melting point of the support structure 33 is the melting point range of various materials.
  • the melting point of aluminum material is 660°C
  • the melting point of copper is 1083°C
  • the melting point range of the support structure 33 is 660°C to 1083°C
  • the melting point of the support structure 33 is higher than the melting point of the insulating member 34. It can be understood that the lowest melting point in the melting point range of the support structure 33 is higher than the melting point of the insulating member 34.
  • the melting point of the support structure 33 can be greater than 150°C, so that the thermal runaway gas can smoothly reach the pressure relief mechanism 312 before the pressure relief mechanism 312 opens the valve. Further optionally, the melting point of the support structure 33 is greater than 500°C, so that the battery cell 30 can still maintain mechanical strength during the thermal runaway process.
  • the compound with an olivine structure can be selected from lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron manganese phosphate, or a mixture of lithium iron phosphate and lithium iron manganese phosphate.
  • the melting point of the support structure 33 can be greater than 100°C, so that the thermal runaway gas can smoothly reach the pressure relief mechanism 312 before the pressure relief mechanism 312 opens the valve. Further optionally, the melting point of the support structure 33 is greater than 400°C, so that the battery cell 30 can still maintain mechanical strength during thermal runaway.
  • the layered compound can be selected from lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxygen ternary layered materials, or a mixture of lithium iron phosphate and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxygen ternary layered materials, or a mixture of lithium manganese iron and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxygen ternary layered materials.
  • the material of the support structure 33 may be a high temperature resistant material.
  • the material of the support structure 33 may include at least one hard material selected from metal, graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene, mica, ceramics and the like.
  • a support structure 33 with a melting point greater than 100°C is used, which is advantageous in that the battery cell 30 is not easily melted when thermal runaway occurs, thereby being able to form an exhaust channel A connected to the pressure relief mechanism 312 between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32, so that the thermal runaway gas can be discharged to the outside of the battery cell 30 through the pressure relief mechanism 312 in a timely manner, thereby improving the problem of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell 30.
  • FIG5 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cell 30 according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 30 further includes an insulating member 34 disposed between the electrode assembly 32 and the first wall 311 , wherein the insulating member 34 is provided with an escape cavity 341 for accommodating the support structure 33 .
  • the insulating member 34 is disposed between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32 to insulate the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32.
  • the material of the insulating member 34 may include a polypropylene (PP) material, a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) material, or a soluble polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA) material. wait.
  • PP polypropylene
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • PFA soluble polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the insulating member 34 may be provided with an escape cavity 341 opening toward the first wall 311 , so that the support structure 33 fixed to the surface of the first wall 311 facing the electrode assembly 32 may be accommodated in the escape cavity 341 .
  • the melting point of the support structure 33 is higher than the melting point of the insulating member 34 .
  • the insulating member 34 may be melted, which will cause the electrode assembly 32 to move toward the first wall 311, or even to abut against the first wall 311. This blocks the exhaust passage of the thermal runaway gas from reaching the pressure relief mechanism 312.
  • the support structure 33 is not easily melted in the later stage of thermal runaway, and can provide an exhaust passage A for the thermal runaway gas to reach the pressure relief mechanism 312, thereby reducing the probability of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell 30.
  • the material of the support structure 33 is the same as that of the first wall 311 .
  • the support structure 33 may include a variety of materials, for example, its main structure is a metal material, and the outer surface is wrapped with an insulating material.
  • the first wall 311 may also include a variety of materials, for example, its main structure is a metal material, and the first wall 311 may also be provided with some components made of insulating materials.
  • the material of the support structure 33 in the embodiment of the present application is the same as the material of the first wall 311, which actually means that the material of the main structure of the support structure 33 is the same as the material of the main structure of the first wall 311.
  • the material of the main structure of the support structure 33 is the same as the material of the main structure of the first wall 311, and both are composite materials, it can be considered that the types of materials included in the two are the same, and the material ratios may be different.
  • the material of the first wall 311 is aluminum, and the material of the support structure 33 may also be aluminum.
  • the material of the support structure 33 is set to be the same as the material of the first wall 311 , which can improve the workability of fixing the support structure 33 on the first wall 311 .
  • the support structure 33 is made of metal material, and the support structure 33 and the first wall 311 can be fixedly connected by welding.
  • the support structure 33 and the first wall 311 are fixed by welding.
  • the connection can strengthen the bonding strength between the support structure 33 and the first wall 311 .
  • the support structure 33 and the first wall 311 may also be fixedly connected by riveting or other methods.
  • the material of the support structure 33 may be different from the material of the first wall 311.
  • the material of the support structure 33 may include at least one non-metallic material such as graphite material, polytetrafluoroethylene material, mica or ceramic.
  • the support structure 33 may be fixedly connected to the first wall 311 by bonding, clamping, etc.
  • the support structure 33 and the first wall 311 may also be integrally formed.
  • the support structure 33 and the first wall 311 are integrally formed, which can improve the bonding strength between the first wall 311 and the support structure 33, thereby reducing the shaking of the support structure 33 in the battery cell 30 and reducing the probability of the support structure 33 blocking the pressure relief mechanism 312.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the connection between the first wall 311 and the support structure 33 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • At least the surface of the support structure 33 facing the electrode assembly 32 is provided with an insulating layer 35 .
  • an insulating layer 35 needs to be provided on the surface of the support structure 33 ; and when the support structure 33 itself is made of insulating material, an insulating layer 35 does not need to be provided on the surface of the support structure 33 .
  • the insulating layer 35 can be set only on the surface of the support structure 33 facing the electrode assembly 32; and when the support structure 33 is made of metal material and is accommodated in the avoidance cavity 341 of the insulating component 34, and the avoidance cavity 341 does not penetrate the insulating component 34 in the thickness direction Z of the first wall 311, it is also not necessary to set the insulating layer 35 on the surface of the support structure 33.
  • the insulating layer 35 may be provided on all surfaces of the support structure 33 except the surface fixedly connected to the first wall 311 .
  • an independent insulating layer 35 may be wrapped on the surface of the support structure 33 .
  • a layer of insulating material may be coated on the surface of the support structure 33 to form the insulating layer 35 .
  • an insulating layer 35 is disposed on the surface of the support structure 33 facing the electrode assembly 32 , which can reduce the probability of electrical connection between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32 .
  • the first direction there is a gap 36 between the housing 31 and the electrode assembly 32.
  • the support structure 33 is provided with a cavity 331 penetrating along the first direction, and the cavity 331 is used to conduct the gap 36 and the pressure relief mechanism 312, and the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the first wall 311.
  • the first direction may be a length direction X of the first wall 311 , or may be a width direction Y of the first wall 311 .
  • the support structure 33 may be disposed between the gap 36 and the pressure relief mechanism 312 .
  • the support structure 33 is provided with a cavity 331 that penetrates along the first direction, which is used to connect the gap 36 and the pressure relief mechanism 312, so as to guide the thermal runaway gas accumulated in the gap 36 to the pressure relief mechanism 312, thereby reducing the possibility that the thermal runaway gas accumulated in the gap 36 will not be exhausted in time and cause the shell 31 to be broken.
  • the cavity 331 in the support structure 33 it can also achieve the effect of reducing weight and improving energy density.
  • the support structure 33 may not have the cavity 331 , that is, the support structure 33 is a solid structure, as long as the support structure 33 can play a role in supporting the electrode assembly 32 when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 30 .
  • the support structure 33 may also be formed by a plurality of support blocks spaced apart along the second direction, wherein the space between every two adjacent support blocks may form the cavity 331 , that is, may play the role of the cavity 331 .
  • the first direction may be the length direction X of the first wall 311
  • the second direction may be the width direction Y of the first wall 311 ; or, the first direction may be the width direction Y of the first wall 311 , and the second direction may be the length direction of the first wall 311 .
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a support structure 33 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of a support structure 33 according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of a support structure according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • the supporting structure 33 includes a first connecting wall 332 and at least one supporting wall 333 connected to each other, the first connecting wall 332 is parallel to the first wall 311 , and the first connecting wall 332 is fixedly connected to the first wall 311 , and the supporting wall 333 is perpendicular to the first connecting wall 332 .
  • the first connecting wall 332 fixedly connected to the first wall 311 is used.
  • the support structure 33 formed by at least one support wall 333 perpendicular to the first connection wall 332 can reduce the weight of the battery cell 30 and improve the energy density of the battery cell 30 .
  • the support wall 333 may be perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the support structure 33 includes a first connecting wall 332 and a support wall 333 .
  • the first connecting wall 332 and the support wall 333 may be L-shaped.
  • a through hole is provided in the support wall 333 to form a cavity 331 .
  • At least one supporting wall 333 includes two supporting walls 333 arranged opposite to each other along a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the first wall 311 , and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • two support walls 333 arranged opposite to each other along the second direction and the first connecting wall 332 form a cavity 331 that passes through along the first direction, which can increase the ventilation cross-sectional area as much as possible while enhancing the support strength, thereby improving the exhaust rate of the thermal runaway gas.
  • the two support walls 333 are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting wall 332 along the second direction, and the support wall 333 includes a first part 3331 perpendicular to the second direction and a second part 3332 parallel to the first connecting wall 332.
  • the first part 3331 is connected to the first connecting wall 332, and the two second parts 3332 of the two support walls 333 are spaced apart along the second direction.
  • the support wall 333 includes not only a first portion 3331 perpendicular to the second direction, but also a second portion 3332 parallel to the first connecting wall 332 , and the two second portions 3332 of the support structure 33 are spaced apart along the second direction, which can enhance the strength of the support structure 33 .
  • connection points between the two support walls 333 and the first connecting wall 332 may not be located at the two ends of the first connecting wall 332 along the second direction, that is, the connection points between the two support walls 333 and the first connecting wall 332 are respectively at a certain distance from the two ends of the first connecting wall 332 along the second direction.
  • the support wall 333 may include only the first portion 3331 , but not the second portion 3332 .
  • the projection of the second portion 3332 on the first wall 311 is located within the projection of the first connecting wall 332 on the first wall 311 .
  • the two support walls 333 are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting wall 332 along the second direction, and in the thickness direction Z of the first wall 311, the projection of the second part 3332 on the first wall 311 is located within the projection of the first connecting wall 332 on the first wall 311, which can more effectively increase the ventilation cross-sectional area of the support structure 33.
  • the second portion 3332 is The projection of the first wall 311 is located outside the projection of the first connecting wall 332 on the first wall 311 .
  • the two supporting walls 333 are respectively connected to the two ends of the first connecting wall 332 along the second direction, and in the thickness direction Z of the first wall 311, the projection of the second part 3332 on the first wall 311 is located outside the projection of the first connecting wall 332 on the first wall 311, so that the supporting structure 33 can be realized by bending, which has stronger manufacturability.
  • the support structure 33 further includes a second connecting wall 334 .
  • the first connecting wall 332 and the second connecting wall 334 are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction of the first wall 311 .
  • the first connecting wall 332 , the two supporting walls 333 and the second connecting wall 334 are connected end to end to form a cavity 331 .
  • first connecting wall 332 and the second connecting wall 334 are arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction Z of the first wall 311, and the two supporting walls 333 are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction.
  • the first connecting wall 332, the two supporting walls 333 and the second connecting wall 334 are connected end to end to form a cavity 331 with a square cross-section.
  • the support structure 33 is formed by a first connecting wall 332 , two supporting walls 333 and a second connecting wall 334 connected end to end, which can enhance the support strength of the support structure 33 to the electrode assembly 32 .
  • the support structure 33 is disposed at an end region of the battery cell 30 along a first direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to a thickness direction Z of the first wall 311 .
  • the end of the first wall 311 is more likely to abut against the electrode assembly 32 than the middle region of the first wall 311.
  • Arranging the support structure 33 in the end region of the battery cell 30 along the first direction can minimize the possibility of the end of the first wall 311 in the first direction abutting against the electrode assembly 32, allowing the thermal runaway gas in the battery cell 30 to reach the pressure relief mechanism 312, thereby reducing the possibility of non-directional pressure relief in the battery cell 30.
  • the support structure 33 may be disposed at both ends of the first wall 311 along the length direction X and/or at both ends of the first wall 311 along the width direction Y.
  • the support structures 33 may be distributed at intervals at the ends of the first wall 311 along the circumference of the first wall 311 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 312 is disposed between two support structures 33 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 312 in the first direction, is disposed between the two support structures 33, which can reduce the possibility that the end of the first wall 311 abuts against the electrode assembly as much as possible.
  • the thermal runaway gas in the two side chambers of the battery cell 30 in the first direction can be discharged to the pressure relief mechanism 312 through the corresponding support structure 33 , further reducing the possibility of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell 30 .
  • the support structure 33 is disposed in a middle region of the end region in the second direction.
  • the thermal runaway gas accumulated in the side chamber cavity of the battery cell 30 in the first direction can be discharged to the pressure relief mechanism 312 as much as possible, thereby reducing the possibility of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell 30.
  • the support structure 33 is disposed in an edge region of the end region in the second direction.
  • the thermal runaway gas accumulated in the side chamber cavity of the battery cell 30 in the first direction can be discharged to the pressure relief mechanism 312 as much as possible without serious deformation of the outer shell 31, thereby reducing the possibility of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell 30.
  • the support structure 33 may span the entire electrode assembly 32 in the second direction.
  • the support structure 33 may be disposed only at the four corners of the first wall 311 .
  • the dimension h of the support structure 33 and the dimension c of the battery cell satisfy: 0.003 ⁇ h/c ⁇ 0.13.
  • h/c is less than 0.003, it is very easy to be blocked by particulate matter or pole pieces generated by the loss of control inside the battery cell 30, thereby failing to achieve the purpose of forming the exhaust channel A; and when h/c is greater than 0.13, the energy density of the battery cell 30 will be seriously sacrificed; setting h/c between 0.003 and 0.13 can achieve the purpose of balancing the energy density of the battery cell 30 and forming the exhaust channel A between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32.
  • the size of the battery cell shell is 44mm*220mm*100mm (width*length*height)
  • the energy density is 250Wh/kg
  • the end cover (for example, the first wall) with a support structure is manufactured by machine, and the end cover has a pressure relief mechanism, wherein the support structure is two regular quadrangular prisms, which are symmetrical.
  • the distribution is located at both ends of the short side of the end cap, with a length of 41mm, and the distance from the long side of the end cap is 0.5mm.
  • the distance from the support structure to the short side of the end cap is 7mm.
  • a plurality of support structures 33 are provided between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32 , and in the thickness direction Z of the first wall 311 , the plurality of support structures 33 satisfy the following relationship between the total projected area S1 of the first wall 311 and the area S of the first wall: 0.012 ⁇ S1/S ⁇ 0.26.
  • the size of the battery cell shell is 44mm*220mm*100mm (width*length*height), the energy density is 250Wh/kg, and the end cap (e.g., the first wall) with a support structure is manufactured by machine forging.
  • the end cap has a pressure relief mechanism, wherein the support structure is two regular quadrangular prisms, which are symmetrically distributed and located at the two ends of the short side of the end cap, respectively, with a length of 41mm and a height of 1mm.
  • the width is used as a variable to regulate S1, and then the battery cell is triggered to lose control through the built-in heating film, and the directional pressure relief of the battery cell is observed.
  • the valve opening pressure of the pressure relief mechanism is 1.0MPa, and the end cap weld strength is 1.5MPa; at the same time, the air pressure inside the battery cell is detected through the end cap and the side air pipe, and the data is shown in Table 2.
  • the battery cell 30 further includes an electrode terminal 37 disposed at The first wall 311 and the electrode terminal 37 are electrically connected to the electrode assembly 32 .
  • the electrode terminal 37 may be disposed on a side of the first wall 311 away from the electrode assembly 32 , so as to reduce the internal space occupied by the battery cell 30 and improve the energy density of the battery cell 30 .
  • the battery cell 30 may be a square battery cell or a cylindrical battery cell.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the shape of the battery cell 30 .
  • the battery cell 30 includes: a housing 31 having a first wall 311 on which an electrode terminal 37 and a pressure relief mechanism 312 are disposed; an electrode assembly 32 contained in the housing 31 , on which the electrode terminal 37 is disposed on a side of the first wall 311 away from the electrode assembly 32; a support structure 33 disposed between the electrode assembly 32 and the first wall 311 and fixedly connected to the first wall 311; an insulating member 34 disposed between the first wall 311 and the electrode assembly 32 , the insulating member 34 being provided with an escape cavity 341 , the escape cavity 341 being used to accommodate the support structure 33 , the melting point of the support structure 33 being higher than the melting point of the insulating member 34 and the support structure 33 being used to support the electrode assembly 32 when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 30 .
  • the first direction there is a gap 36 between the housing 31 and the electrode assembly 32 , the support structure 33 being provided with a cavity 331 penetrating along the first direction, the
  • a support structure 33 is provided between a first wall 311 provided with a pressure relief mechanism 312 and the electrode assembly 32, and the support structure 33 is fixed on the first wall 311, and the support structure 33 is provided with a cavity 331 which passes through along a first direction, so as to guide the thermal runaway gas accumulated in the gap 36 to the exhaust channel A and discharge it to the outside of the battery cell 30 through the pressure relief mechanism 312, thereby reducing the possibility of non-directional pressure relief of the battery cell 30.
  • the battery cell 30 may further include other components, such as the connecting member 23 shown in FIG. 3 , which will not be described in detail here for the sake of brevity.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, which includes at least one battery cell 30 of the embodiment of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising the battery of the above embodiment, wherein the battery is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • the electric device may be a vehicle as shown in FIG1 , or may be any device using a battery.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池和用电装置。该电池单体包括：外壳，外壳具有第一壁，第一壁设置有泄压机构；电极组件，容纳于外壳内；支撑结构，设置在电极组件和第一壁之间且与第一壁固定连接，支撑结构用于在第一壁和电极组件之间形成与泄压机构连通的排气通道。本申请实施例的电池单体、电池和用电装置，能够降低电池单体发生非定向泄压的可能性。

Description

电池单体、电池和用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2023年8月16日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池和用电装置”的中国专利申请202311034115.8的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池和用电装置。
背景技术
在相关技术中，当电池单体发生热失控时，电极组件存在向外壳的设置有泄压机构的第一壁移动的风险导致与第一壁相抵住，阻绝了热失控气体从泄压机构排出的通道，从而导致电池单体内部存在非定向泄压现象。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池和用电装置，能够降低电池单体发生非定向泄压的可能性。
第一方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：外壳，外壳具有第一壁，第一壁设置有泄压机构；电极组件，容纳于外壳内；支撑结构，设置在电极组件和第一壁之间且与第一壁固定连接，支撑结构用于在第一壁和电极组件之间形成与泄压机构连通的排气通道。
在该实施例中，通过在设置有泄压机构的第一壁和电极组件之间设置支撑结构，并且将支撑结构固定在第一壁上，以在第一壁和电极组件之间形成与泄压机构连通的排气通道，进而可以在电池单体发生热失控时，及时将热失控气体通过泄压机构排出至电池单体外，降低了电池单体发生非定向泄压的可能性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑结构用于支撑电极组件。
在该实施例中，支撑结构用于支撑电极组件，有利于在电池单体发生热失控时，仍然能在第一壁和电极组件之间形成与泄压机构连通的排气通道，改善了电池单体发生非定向泄压的问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑结构的熔点大于100℃。
在该实施例中，采用熔点大于100℃的支撑结构，有利于在电池单体发生热失控时，不易被熔化，进而能够在第一壁和电极组件之间形成与泄压机构连通的排气通道，使得热失控气体能够及时通过泄压机构排出至电池单体外，改善了电池单体发生非定向泄压的问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池单体还包括：绝缘构件，设置在电极组件和第一壁之间；其中，绝缘构件设置有避让腔，避让腔用于容纳支撑结构。
在该实施例中，通过在绝缘构件上设置避让腔以容纳支撑结构，可以在不影响第一壁与电极组件之间绝缘性的情况下，无需在第一壁的厚度方向上，额外占用电池单体的空间，从而提高了电池单体的能量密度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池单体还包括绝缘构件，绝缘构件用于绝缘第一壁和电极组件，支撑结构的熔点高于绝缘构件的熔点。
在该实施例中，通过设置支撑结构的熔点高于绝缘构件的熔点，使得在热失控后期，支撑结构不易被熔化，能够为热失控气体提供了到达泄压机构的排气通道，降低了电池单体发生非定向泄压的概率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑结构与第一壁通过焊接方式固定连接。
在该实施例中，将支撑结构与第一壁通过焊接的方式固定连接，可以加强支撑结构与第一壁之间的结合强度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑结构和第一壁一体成型。
在该实施例中，将支撑结构与第一壁一体成型，能够提高第一壁与支撑结构的结合强度，进而能够减少支撑结构在电池单体内的晃动，降低了该支撑结构堵塞泄压机构的概率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑结构的面向电极组件的表面设置有绝缘层。
在该实施例中，在支撑结构的面向电极组件的表面设置绝缘层，能够降低第一壁与电极组件电连接的概率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑结构的材料和第一壁的材料相同。
在该实施例中，将支撑结构的材料设置成与第一壁的材料相同，能够提高将支撑结构固定在第一壁上的可加工性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一方向上，外壳与电极组件之间具有间隙；支撑结构设置有沿第一方向贯通的空腔，空腔用于导通泄压机构和间隙，第一方向垂直于第一壁的厚度方向。
在该实施例中，支撑结构设置有沿第一方向贯通的空腔，用于连通间隙与泄压机构，以便将聚集在间隙内的热失控气体引导至泄压机构，从而可以降低聚集在该间隙内的热失控气体来不及排气而导致外壳被冲破的可能性。此外，通过在支撑结构设置空腔，还能够起到减重、提高能量密度的效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑结构包括相连的第一连接壁和至少一个支撑壁，第一连接壁固定连接于第一壁，支撑壁垂直于第一连接壁。
在该实施例中，通过采用与第一壁固定连接的第一连接壁和垂直于第一连接壁的至少一个支撑壁形成的支撑结构，能够减轻电池单体的重量，提高电池单体的能量密度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，至少一个支撑壁包括沿第二方向相对设置的两个支撑壁，第二方向垂直于第一壁的厚度方向，且第二方向垂直于第一方向。
在该实施例中，通过沿第二方向相对设置的两个支撑壁与第一连接壁形成沿第一方向贯通的空腔，能够在增强支撑强度的同时，尽可能地增大通气截面积，提高热失控气体的排气速率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，两个支撑壁分别与第一连接壁的沿第二方向的两端连接，支撑壁包括垂直于第二方向的第一部分和平行于第一连接壁的第二部分，第一部分与第一连接壁相连，两个支撑壁的两个第二部分沿第二方向间隔设置。
在该实施例中，支撑壁不仅包括垂直于第二方向的第一部分，还包括平行于第一连接壁的第二部分，并且支撑结构的两个第二部分沿第二方向间隔设置，能够增强支撑结构的强度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一壁的厚度方向上，第二部分在第一壁上的投影位于第一连接壁在第一壁上的投影之内。
在该实施例中，两个支撑壁分别与第一连接壁的沿第二方向的两端连接，且在第一壁的厚度方向上，第二部分在第一壁的投影位于第一连接壁在 第一壁上的投影之内，能够更有效地增大支撑结构的通气截面积。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一壁的厚度方向上，第二部分在第一壁上的投影位于第一连接壁在第一壁上的投影之外。
在该实施例中，两个支撑壁分别与第一连接壁的沿第二方向的两端连接，且在第一壁的厚度方向上，第二部分在第一壁的投影位于第一连接壁在第一壁上的投影之外，使得支撑结构的可制造性更强。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑结构还包括第二连接壁，第二连接壁与第一连接壁沿第一壁的厚度方向相对设置，第一连接壁、第二连接壁与两个支撑壁首尾相连，形成空腔。
在该实施例中，支撑结构由第一连接壁、两个支撑壁与第二连接壁首尾相连形成，能够增强支撑结构的强度，从而可以提高对电极组件的支撑。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑结构设置在电池单体的沿第一方向的端部区域。
在该实施例中，将支撑结构设置在第一壁的沿第一方向的端部区域，能够尽可能地降低第一壁在第一方向的端部与电极组件抵住的可能性，使得电池单体内的热失控气体能够到达泄压机构，降低了电池单体发生非定向泄压的可能性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一方向上，泄压机构设置于两个支撑结构之间，第一方向垂直于第一壁的厚度方向。
在该实施例中，在第一方向上，将泄压机构设置在两个支撑结构之间，能够尽可能地降低第一壁的端部与电极组件抵住的可能性，使得电池单体在第一方向上的两个侧室腔体内的热失控气体能够通过对应的支撑结构排至泄压机构，进一步降低了电池单体发生非定向泄压的可能性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑结构设置于端部区域的在第二方向的中部区域，第二方向垂直于第一壁的厚度方向，且第二方向垂直于第一方向。
在该实施例中，通过将支撑结构设置在端部区域的在第二方向的中部区域，可以在外壳形变严重的情况下，尽可能地使得聚集在电池单体在第一方向的侧室腔体内的热失控气体排至泄压机构，降低了电池单体发生非定向泄压的可能性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑结构设置在端部区域的在第二方向的边缘区域，第二方向垂直于第一壁的厚度方向，且第二方向垂直于第一方向。
在该实施例中，通过将支撑结构设置在端部区域的在第二方向的边缘区域，可以在外壳形变不严重的情况下，尽可能地使得聚集在电池单体在第一方向的侧室腔体内的热失控气体排至泄压机构，降低了电池单体发生非定向泄压的可能性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在第一壁的厚度方向上，支撑结构的尺寸h与电池单体的尺寸c之间满足：0.003≤h/c≤0.13。
在该实施例中，若h/c小于0.003，极易因为电池单体内部失控产生的颗粒物或者极片阻塞，从而不能达到形成排气通道的目的；而当h/c大于0.13，则会严重牺牲电池单体的能量密度；将h/c设置在0.003至0.13之间，则能够达到均衡电池单体的能量密度和在第一壁与电极组件之间形成排气通道的目的。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一壁和电极组件设置有至少一个支撑结构，在第一壁的厚度方向上，至少一个支撑结构在第一壁的投影总面积S1与第一壁的面积S之间满足：0.012≤S1/S≤0.26。
在该实施例中，当S1/S＜0.012时，在电池单体发生热失控时，支撑结构与第一壁的接触面积过小，一方面无法给电极组件提供足够的机械支撑，可能会导致内部电极组件晃动或者和第一壁搭接的情况，甚至进一步恶化排气路径；而当S1/S＞0.26时，一方面会增大电池单体的重量，牺牲能量密度，另一方面支撑结构占用电池单体内部自由空间进一步降低，不利于定向泄压。而将S1/S设置在0.012至0.26之间，能够达到均衡电池单体的能量密度和在第一壁与电极组件之间形成排气通道的目的。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一壁为端盖。
在该实施例中，将支撑结构与端盖固定在一起，相比于将支撑结构固定在外壳的其他壁，可以在外部将支撑结构与端盖固定在一起，或者在制备端盖时直接形成支撑结构，而无需将支撑结构伸入至外壳内进行固定，提高了电池单体的制备效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池单体还包括：电极端子，设置在第一壁；电极端子与电极组件电连接。
在该实施例中，通过设置在第一壁的电极端子与电极组件之间的电连接，能够实现与其他电池单体之间的电连接，从而能够实现扩大电池容量的目的。
第二方面，提供了一种电池，包括第一方面以及第一方面中任一种可能的实现方式中的电池单体。
第三方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括第二方面中的电池，该电池用于为用电装置提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆的结构示意图。
图2是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的结构示意图。
图3是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池单体的分解示意图。
图4是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池单体的平面剖视图。
图5是本申请再一实施例公开的一种电池单体的局部剖视图。
图6是本申请实施例公开的第一壁与支撑结构的连接示意图。
图7是本申请实施例公开的一种电池单体的另一平面剖视图。
图8是本申请一实施例公开的支撑结构的结构示意图。
图9是本申请另一实施例公开的支撑结构的结构示意图。
图10是本申请再一实施例公开的支撑结构的结构示意图。
图11示出了本申请一实施例公开的第一壁的俯视图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的 说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
本申请实施例中，电池单体可以为二次电池，二次电池是指在电池单体放电后可通过充电的方式使活性材料激活而继续使用的电池单体。
电池单体可以为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钠锂离子电池、锂金属电池、钠金属电池、锂硫电池、镁离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅蓄电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
电池单体一般包括电极组件。电极组件包括正极、负极以及隔离件。在电池单体充放电过程中，活性离子(例如锂离子)在正极和负极之间往返嵌入和脱出。隔离件设置在正极和负极之间，可以起到防止正负极短路的作用，同时可以使活性离子通过。
在一些实施例中，正极可以为正极极片，正极极片可以包括正极集流 体以及设置在正极集流体至少一个表面的正极活性材料。
作为示例，正极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，正极活性材料设置在正极集流体相对的两个表面的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，正极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可采用银表面处理的铝或不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、碳、镍或钛等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
作为示例，正极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：含锂磷酸盐、锂过渡金属氧化物及其各自的改性化合物。但本申请并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池正极活性材料的传统材料。这些正极活性材料可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。其中，含锂磷酸盐的示例可包括但不限于磷酸铁锂(如LiFePO4(也可以简称为LFP))、磷酸铁锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰锂(如LiMnPO4)、磷酸锰锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂与碳的复合材料中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，负极可以为负极极片，负极极片可以包括负极集流体。
作为示例，负极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可以采用银表面处理的铝或不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、用碳、镍或钛等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铜、铜合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
作为示例，负极极片可以包括负极集流体以及设置在负极集流体至少一个表面上的负极活性材料。
作为示例，负极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，负极活性材料设置在负极集流体相对的两个表面中的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，负极活性材料可采用本领域公知的用于电池单体的负极活性材料。作为示例，负极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：人造石墨、天然石墨、软炭、硬炭、硅基材料、锡基材料和钛酸锂等。
在一些实施例中，负极可以采用泡沫金属。泡沫金属可以为泡沫镍、泡沫铜、泡沫铝、泡沫合金、或泡沫碳等。泡沫金属作为负极极片时，泡沫金属表面可以不设置负极活性材料，当然也可以设置负极活性材料。
作为示例，在负极集流体内还可以填充或/和沉积有锂源材料、钾金属或钠金属，锂源材料为锂金属和/或富锂材料。
在一些实施例中，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，负极集流体的材料可以为铜。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件还包括隔离件，隔离件设置在正极和负极之间。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为隔离膜。本申请对隔离膜的种类没有特别的限制，可以选用任意公知的具有良好的化学稳定性和机械稳定性的多孔结构隔离膜。
作为示例，隔离膜的主要材质可选自玻璃纤维、无纺布、聚乙烯、聚丙烯及聚偏二氟乙烯，陶瓷中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为固态电解质。固态电解质设于正极和负极之间，同时起到传输离子和隔离正负极的作用。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体还包括电解质，电解质在正、负极之间起到传导离子的作用。本申请对电解质的种类没有具体的限制，可根据需求进行选择。电解质可以是液态的、凝胶态的或固态的。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件为卷绕结构。正极极片、负极极片卷绕成卷绕结构。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件为叠片结构。
作为示例，正极极片、负极极片可分别设置多个，多个正极极片和多个负极极片交替层叠设置。
作为示例，正极极片可设置多个，负极极片折叠形成多个层叠设置的折叠段，相邻的折叠段之间夹持一个正极极片。
作为示例，正极极片和负极极片均折叠形成多个层叠设置的折叠段。
作为示例，隔离件可设置多个，分别设置在任意相邻的正极极片或负极极片之间。
作为示例，隔离件可连续地设置，通过折叠或者卷绕方式设置在任意相邻的正极极片或负极极片之间。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件的形状可以为圆柱状，扁平状或多棱柱状等。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件设有极耳，极耳可以将电流从电极组件导出。极耳包括正极耳和负极耳。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体可以包括外壳。外壳用于封装电极组件及电解质等部件。外壳可以为钢壳、铝壳、塑料壳(如聚丙烯)、复合金属壳(如铜铝复合外壳)或铝塑膜等。外壳包括壳体和盖板。
作为示例，电池单体可以为圆柱形电池单体、棱柱电池单体、软包电池单体或其它形状的电池单体，棱柱电池单体包括方壳电池单体、刀片形电池单体、多棱柱电池，多棱柱电池例如为六棱柱电池等，本申请没有特别的限制。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池可以包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体通过汇流部件串联、并联或混联。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池模块，电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体排列并固定形成一个电池模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池包，电池包包括箱体和电池单体，电池单体或电池模块容纳于箱体中。
在一些实施例中，箱体可以作为车辆的底盘结构的一部分。例如，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的地板的至少一部分，或者，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的横梁和纵梁的至少一部分。
目前，电池单体由于机械外力等原因发生内短或者外短导致电池单体发生热失控，内部瞬间会产生大量的热失控气体，产生的气体在电池单体内部需要通过电极组件和其机械件到达泄压机构，并通过内外压差打开泄压机构，从而实现定向泄压。
然而，随着电池单体能量密度不断提高，电池单体的热失控速率不断增大，产气速率和产气量显著提高，当前电池单体设计下，在热失控过程中可能会存在非定向泄压现象，例如，电池单体内到达泄压机构的排气通道被堵塞，导致壳体破损，气体从破损处泄压；该现象在系统层级会导致验证的次生灾害，如冲击相邻电池单体引发热扩散，冲击高压线束导致高压打火等。
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，通过在设置有泄压机构的第一壁和电极组件之间设置支撑结构，并且将支撑结构固定在第一壁上，使得支撑结构能够在第一壁和电极组件之间形成将热失控气体引导至泄压机构的排气通道，进而可以及时将热失控气体通过泄压机构排出至电池单体外，降低了电池单体发生非定向泄压的可能性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的设备，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备，还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达80，控制器60以及电池100，控制器60用来控制电池100为马达80的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池100。电池100可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
例如，如图2所示，为本申请实施例的一种电池100的结构示意图。电池100可以包括多个电池单体20。除了电池单体20之外，电池100还可以包括箱体，箱体的内部为中空结构，多个电池单体20可容纳于箱体内。如图2所示，箱体可以包括两部分，这里分别称为第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112，第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112扣合在一起。第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112的形状可以根据多个电池单体20组合的形状而定，第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112中至少一个具有开口。例如，如图2所示，第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112中仅有一个为具有开口的中空长方体，而另一个为板状，以盖合开口。这里以第二箱体部112为中空长方体且只有一个面 为开口面，第一箱体部111为板状为例，那么第一箱体部111盖合在第二箱体部112的开口处以形成具有封闭腔室的箱体11，该腔室可以用于容纳多个电池单体20。多个电池单体20相互并联、串联或混联组合后，置于第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112扣合后形成的箱体内。
再例如，不同于图2所示，第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112可以均为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一箱体部111的开口和第二箱体部112的开口相对设置，并且第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。多个电池单体20相互并联、串联或混联组合后置于第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112扣合后形成的箱体内。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，电池100还可以包括汇流部件(图中未示出)，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。在一些实施例中，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。在一些实施例中，导电机构也可属于汇流部件。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池单体20的数量可以为多个，多个电池单体之间可以串联、并联或混联，其中混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池100也可以称为电池包。在一些实施例中，多个电池单体可以先串联、并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联、并联或混联组成电池100。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池100，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池100。
图3示出了本申请一个实施例的电池单体20的示意性爆炸图。
如图3所示，电池单体20包括一个或多个电极组件22、壳体211和盖板212，其中，壳体211的壁和盖板212均称为电池单体20的壁。壳体211根据一个或多个电极组件22组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体211可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体211的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件22可以放置于壳体211内。例如，当壳体211为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体211的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。当壳体211可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体211的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。盖板212覆 盖开口并且与壳体211连接，以形成放置电极组件22的封闭的腔体。壳体211内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该电池单体20还包括两个电极端子214。盖板212通常是平板形状，两个电极端子214固定在盖板212的平板面上，两个电极端子214分别为正电极端子214a和负电极端子214b。每个电极端子214各对应设置一个连接构件23，或者也可以称为集流构件，其位于盖板212与电极组件22之间，用于将电极组件22和电极端子214实现电连接。
如图3所示，每个电极组件22具有第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a。第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a的极性相反。例如，当第一极耳221a为正极极耳时，第二极耳222a为负极极耳。一个或多个电极组件22的第一极耳221a通过一个连接构件23与一个电极端子214连接，一个或多个电极组件22的第二极耳222a通过另一个连接构件23与另一个电极端子214连接。例如，第一极耳221a为正极极耳，第二极耳222a为负极极耳，正电极端子214a通过一个连接构件23与第一极耳221a连接，负电极端子214b通过另一个连接构件23与第二极耳222a连接。
在该电池单体20中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件22可设置为单个，或多个，如图3所示，电池单体20内设置有4个独立的电极组件22。
作为示例，电池单体20的一个壁上还可设置泄压机构213。泄压机构213用于电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。
可选地，泄压机构213可以设置在盖板212上，也可以设置在壳体211的任何一个壁。
图4示出了本申请一实施例的电池单体30的平面剖视图。
如图4，该电池单体30包括：外壳31，具有第一壁311，第一壁311上设置有泄压机构312；电极组件32，容纳于外壳31内；支撑结构33，设置在第一壁311与电极组件32之间，并且支撑结构33与第一壁311固定连接，支撑结构33用于在第一壁311和电极组件32之间形成与泄压机构312连通的排气通道A。
需要解释的是，外壳31可以包括图3所示的壳体211和盖板212，第一壁311可以是壳体211的任一壁，也可以是盖板212。也就是说，泄压机构213可以设置在电池单体30的任一壁上。
支撑结构33设置在第一壁311与电极组件32之间，并且支撑结构33与第一壁322固定连接，可以理解为，支撑结构33固定在第一壁311的面向电极组件32的表面，例如，如图4所示，支撑结构33固定在第一壁311的下表面。
支撑结构33用于在第一壁311和电极组件32之间形成与泄压机构312连通的排气通道A，具体是指，在电池单体30发生热失控时，支撑结构33可以将第一壁311与电极组件32之间间隔开来，并在第一壁311与电极组件32之间形成排气通道A，该排气通道A可以将热失控气体引导至泄压机构312，使得热失控气体从泄压机构312排出至电池单体30的外部。
在该实施例中，支撑结构33设置在第一壁311和电极组件32之间，并且支撑结构33固定在第一壁311，用于在第一壁311与电极组件32之间形成与泄压机构312连通的排气通道A，能够使得在电池单体30发生热失控的情况下，第一壁311与电极组件32之间具有间隙，从而可以容纳热失控气体，并且由于泄压机构312设置在第一壁311上，聚集在第一壁311与电极组件32之间的间隙内的热失控气体可以从泄压机构312排出至电池单体30之外，降低了电池单体30发生非定向泄压的可能性。
在一些实施例中，支撑结构33用于支撑电极组件32。
换句话说，支撑结构33可以限制电极组件32朝向第一壁311移动。
例如，支撑结构33用于在电池单体30发生热失控的情况下，支撑电极组件32。再例如，支撑结构33可以在电池单体30无论是否发生热失控的情况下，都能够支撑电极组件32。本申请实施例对此不作限定。
在该实施例中，支撑结构33用于支撑电极组件32，有利于在电池单体30发生热失控时，仍然能在第一壁311和电极组件32之间形成与泄压机构312连通的排气通道A，改善了电池单体30发生非定向泄压的问题。
在另一些实施例中，支撑结构33的熔点大于100℃。
在一种示例中，该支撑结构33的材料可以为单一材料，例如，支撑结构33的材料为铝材料或者铜材料等单一材料。在此情况下，该支撑结构33具有固定熔点。
在另一种示例中，该支撑结构33的材料可以为复合材料。例如，该支撑结构33可以是铝材料和铜材料的混合材料。在此情况下，该支撑结构 33不具有固定熔点，即该支撑结构33的熔点是各种材料的熔点范围。例如，铝材料的熔点是660℃，铜的熔点是1083℃，那么支撑结构33的熔点范围为660℃～1083℃，而支撑结构33的熔点高于绝缘构件34的熔点，可以理解为，支撑结构33的熔点范围中的最低熔点高于绝缘构件34的熔点。
例如，针对于电池单体的正极材料为具有橄榄石型结构的化合物，支撑结构33的熔点可以大于150℃，从而可以使得泄压机构312开阀前热失控气体能够顺利到达泄压机构312。进一步可选地，支撑结构33的熔点大于500℃，可以使得电池单体30在热失控过程中仍能保持机械强度。其中，具有橄榄石型结构的化合物可以选自磷酸铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂、或磷酸铁锂和磷酸锰铁锂的混合物。
再例如，针对于电池单体的正极材料含有层状化合物，支撑结构33的熔点可以大于100℃，从而可以使得泄压机构312开阀前热失控气体能够顺利到达泄压机构312。进一步可选地，支撑结构33的熔点大于400℃，可以使得电池单体30在热失控过程中仍能保持机械强度。其中，层状化合物可以选自锂镍钴锰氧三元层状材料、或者磷酸铁锂和锂镍钴锰氧三元层状材料的混合物、或者锰铁锂和锂镍钴锰氧三元层状材料的混合物。
可选地，支撑结构33的材料可以是耐高温材料。例如，支撑结构33的材料可以包括金属、石墨、聚四氟乙烯、云母或者陶瓷等材料中的至少一种硬质材料。
在该实施例中，采用熔点大于100℃的支撑结构33，有利于在电池单体30发生热失控时，不易被熔化，进而能够在第一壁311和电极组件32之间形成与泄压机构312连通的排气通道A，使得热失控气体能够及时通过泄压机构312排出至电池单体30外，改善了电池单体30发生非定向泄压的问题。
图5示出了本申请另一实施例的电池单体30的局部剖视图。如图5所示，电池单体30还包括：绝缘构件34，设置在电极组件32和第一壁311之间，其中，绝缘构件34设置有避让腔341，避让腔341用于容纳支撑结构33。
通常，绝缘构件34设置在第一壁311与电极组件32之间，用于绝缘第一壁311和电极组件32。可选地，绝缘构件34的材料可以包括聚丙烯(PP)材料、聚苯硫醚(PPS)材料或者可溶性聚四氟乙烯(PFA)材料 等。
可选地，绝缘构件34可以设置有开口朝向第一壁311的避让腔341，从而可以使得固定在第一壁311的面向电极组件32的表面的支撑结构33容纳在避让腔341内。
在该实施例中，通过在绝缘构件34上设置避让腔341以容纳支撑结构33，可以在不影响第一壁311与电极组件32之间绝缘性的情况下，无需在第一壁311的厚度方向Z上，额外占用电池单体30的空间，从而提高了电池单体30的能量密度。
可选地，支撑结构33的熔点高于绝缘构件34的熔点。
通常，在热失控后期，绝缘构件34可能会被熔化，这就会导致电极组件32会朝向第一壁311移动，甚至于与第一壁311相抵住。从而阻绝了热失控气体达到泄压机构312的排气通道。在该实施例中，通过设置支撑结构33的熔点高于绝缘构件34的熔点，使得在热失控后期，支撑结构33不易被熔化，能够为热失控气体提供到达泄压机构312的排气通道A，降低了电池单体30发生非定向泄压的概率。
可选地，支撑结构33的材料与第一壁311的材料相同。
需要说明的是，支撑结构33可以包括多种材料，例如，其主体结构为金属材料，外表面包裹有绝缘材料。类似地，第一壁311也可以包括多种材料，例如，其主体结构为金属材料，该第一壁311上还可以设置有一些由绝缘材料构成的部件。再此情况下，本申请实施例中的支撑结构33的材料与第一壁311的材料相同，实际上是指支撑结构33的主体结构的材料与第一壁311的主体结构的材料相同。此外，若支撑结构33的主体结构的材料和第一壁311的主体结构的材料相同，且均为复合材料，可以认为是二者所包括的材料种类相同，材料配比可以不同。
在一些实施例中，第一壁311的材料为铝材料，支撑结构33的材料也可以为铝材料。
在该实施例中，将支撑结构33的材料设置成与第一壁311的材料相同，能够提高将支撑结构33固定在第一壁311的可加工性。
在一种示例中，支撑结构33的材料为金属材料，该支撑结构33与第一壁311可以通过焊接的方式固定连接。
在该实施例中，将支撑结构33与第一壁311通过焊接的方式固定 连接，可以加强支撑结构33与第一壁311之间的结合强度。
可选地，支撑结构33与第一壁311还可以通过铆接等方式固定连接。
在另一些实施例中，支撑结构33的材料还可以与第一壁311的材料不同。例如，支撑结构33的材料可以包括石墨材料、聚四氟乙烯材料、云母或者陶瓷等至少一种非金属材料。在该实施例中，支撑结构33可以与第一壁311通过粘接、卡接等方式固定连接。
在其他实施例中，支撑结构33和第一壁311还可以一体成型。
在该实施例中，将支撑结构33与第一壁311一体成型，能够提高第一壁311与支撑结构33的结合强度，进而能够减少支撑结构33在电池单体30内的晃动，降低了该支撑结构33堵塞泄压机构312的概率。
图6示出了本申请实施例的第一壁311与支撑结构33的连接示意图。
如图6所示，该支撑结构33的至少面向电极组件32的表面设置有绝缘层35。
需要说明的是，在支撑结构33为金属材料的情况下，需要在支撑结构33的表面设置有绝缘层35；而在支撑结构33本身为绝缘材料的情况下，则无需在支撑结构33的表面设置有绝缘层35。
此外，在支撑结构33为金属材料且支撑结构33容纳在绝缘构件34的避让腔341的情况下，并且避让腔341在第一壁311的厚度方向Z上贯穿绝缘构件34，则可以只在支撑结构33的面向电极组件32的表面设置绝缘层35；而在支撑结构33为金属材料且支撑结构33容纳在绝缘构件34的避让腔341的情况下，并且避让腔341在第一壁311的厚度方向Z上并未贯穿绝缘构件34，则同样可以不用在支撑结构33的表面设置绝缘层35。
而在支撑结构33为金属材料且支撑结构33并未被绝缘构件34包围的情况下，可以在支撑结构33的除与第一壁311固定连接的表面之外的其他所有表面均设置绝缘层35。
作为一种示例，可以在支撑结构33的表面包裹一层独立的绝缘层35。
作为另一种示例，也可以在支撑结构33的表面涂覆一层绝缘材料，形成绝缘层35。
在该实施例中，在支撑结构33的面向电极组件32的表面设置绝缘层35，能够降低第一壁311与电极组件32之间电连接的概率。
可选地，如图6和图7所示，在第一方向上，外壳31与电极组件32之间具有间隙36。支撑结构33设置有沿第一方向贯通的空腔331，空腔331用于导通间隙36和泄压机构312，第一方向垂直于第一壁311的厚度方向Z。
可选地，该第一方向可以是第一壁311的长度方向X，也可以是第一壁311的宽度方向Y。
作为一种示例，在第一方向上，支撑结构33可以设置在间隙36和泄压机构312之间。
在该实施例中，支撑结构33设置有沿第一方向贯通的空腔331，用于连通间隙36与泄压机构312，以便将聚集在间隙36内的热失控气体引导至泄压机构312，从而可以降低聚集在该间隙36内的热失控气体来不及排气而导致外壳31被冲破的可能性。此外，通过在支撑结构33设置空腔331，还能够起到减重、提高能量密度的效果。
在其他实施例中，支撑结构33也可以不具有空腔331，即支撑结构33为实心结构，只要支撑结构33在电池单体30发生热失控时，能够起到支撑电极组件32的作用即可。
可选地，该支撑结构33也可以由沿第二方向间隔设置的多个支撑块形成，其中，每两个相邻的支撑块之间的间隔可以形成上述空腔331，即能够起到起到上述空腔331的作用。
第一方向可以是第一壁311的长度方向X，而第二方向是第一壁311的宽度方向Y；或者，第一方向可以是第一壁311的宽度方向Y，而第二方向是第一壁311的长度方向。
图8示出了本申请一实施例的支撑结构33的示意性结构图。图9示出了本申请另一实施例的支撑结构33的示意性结构图。图10示出了本申请再一实施例的支撑结构的示意性结构图。
可选地，支撑结构33包括相连的第一连接壁332和至少一个支撑壁333，第一连接壁332与第一壁311平行，且第一连接壁332与第一壁311固定连接，支撑壁333垂直于第一连接壁332。
在该实施例中，通过采用与第一壁311固定连接的第一连接壁332 和垂直于第一连接壁332的至少一个支撑壁333形成的支撑结构33，能够减轻电池单体30的重量，提高电池单体30的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，支撑壁333可以垂直于第一方向，例如，支撑结构33包括第一连接壁332和支撑壁333，该第一连接壁332与支撑壁333可以呈L型，在该支撑壁333设置通孔，以形成空腔331。
在另一些实施例中，如图8至图10所示，至少一个支撑壁333包括沿第二方向相对设置的两个支撑壁333，第二方向垂直于第一壁311的厚度方向Z，且第二方向垂直于第一方向。
在该实施例中，通过沿第二方向相对设置的两个支撑壁333与第一连接壁332形成沿第一方向贯通的空腔331，能够在增强支撑强度的同时，尽可能地增大通气截面积，提高热失控气体的排气速率。
如图8和图9所示，两个支撑壁333分别与第一连接壁332的沿第二方向的两端连接，支撑壁333包括垂直于第二方向的第一部分3331和平行于第一连接壁332的第二部分3332，第一部分3331与第一连接壁332相连，两个支撑壁333的两个第二部分3332沿第二方向间隔设置。
在该实施例中，支撑壁333不仅包括垂直于第二方向的第一部分3331，还包括平行于第一连接壁332的第二部分3332，并且支撑结构33的两个第二部分3332沿第二方向间隔设置，能够增强支撑结构33的强度。
在一些实施例中，两个支撑壁333与第一连接壁332的连接处可以不位于第一连接壁332的沿第二方向的两端，即该两个支撑壁333与第一连接壁332的连接处分别与第一连接壁332的沿第二方向的两个端部均具有一定距离。
在另一些实施例中，支撑壁333可以只包括第一部分3331，不包括第二部分3332。
如图8所示，在第一壁311的厚度方向Z上，第二部分3332在第一壁311的投影位于第一连接壁332在第一壁311上的投影之内。
在该实施例中，两个支撑壁333分别与第一连接壁332的沿第二方向的两端连接，且在第一壁311的厚度方向Z上，第二部分3332在第一壁311的投影位于第一连接壁332在第一壁311上的投影之内，能够更有效地增大支撑结构33的通气截面积。
如图9所示，在第一壁311的厚度方向Z上，第二部分3332在第 一壁311的投影位于第一连接壁332在第一壁311上的投影之外。
在该实施例中，两个支撑壁333分别与第一连接壁332的沿第二方向的两端连接，且在第一壁311的厚度方向Z上，第二部分3332在第一壁311的投影位于第一连接壁332在第一壁311上的投影之外，使得支撑结构33通过弯折即可实现，可制造性更强。
如图10所示，支撑结构33还包括第二连接壁334，第一连接壁332与第二连接壁334沿第一壁311的厚度方向相对设置，第一连接壁332、两个支撑壁333与第二连接壁334首尾相连，形成空腔331。
也就是说，第一连接壁332与第二连接壁334沿第一壁311的厚度方向Z相对设置，且两个支撑壁333沿第二方向相对设置，第一连接壁332、两个支撑壁333与第二连接壁334首尾相连，可以形成横截面的形状为方形的空腔331。
在该实施例中，支撑结构33由第一连接壁332、两个支撑壁333与第二连接壁334首尾相连形成，能够增强支撑结构33对电极组件32的支撑强度。
如图7所示，支撑结构33设置在电池单体30的沿第一方向的端部区域，第一方向垂直于第一壁311的厚度方向Z。
通常，在电池单体30发生热失控时，第一壁311的端部相比于第一壁311的中部区域更容易不电极组件32相抵，将支撑结构33设置在电池单体30的沿第一方向的端部区域，能够尽可能地降低第一壁311在第一方向的端部与电极组件32抵住的可能性，使得电池单体30内的热失控气体能够到达泄压机构312，降低了电池单体30发生非定向泄压的可能性。
可选地，若电池单体30为方形电池单体，支撑结构33可以设置在第一壁311的沿长度方向X的两端，和/或，设置在第一壁311的沿宽度方向Y的两端。
可选地，若电池单体30为圆柱形电池单体，支撑结构33可以沿第一壁311的周向，间隔地分布在第一壁311的端部。
可选地，如图7所示，在第一方向上，泄压机构312设置在两个支撑结构33之间。
在该实施例中，在第一方向上，将泄压机构312设置在两个支撑结构33之间，能够尽可能地降低第一壁311的端部与电极组件抵住的可能性， 使得电池单体30在第一方向上的两个侧室腔体内的热失控气体能够通过对应的支撑结构33排至泄压机构312，进一步降低了电池单体30发生非定向泄压的可能性。
在一种示例中，如图6所示，支撑结构33设置在端部区域的在第二方向的中部区域。
在该实施例中，通过将支撑结构33设置在端部区域的在第二方向的中部区域，可以在外壳31形变严重的情况下，尽可能地使得聚集在电池单体30在第一方向的侧室腔体内的热失控气体排至泄压机构312，降低了电池单体30发生非定向泄压的可能性。
在另一种示例中，支撑结构33设置在端部区域的在第二方向的边缘区域。
在该实施例中，通过将支撑结构33设置在端部区域的在第二方向的边缘区域，可以在外壳31形变不严重的情况下，尽可能地使得聚集在电池单体30在第一方向的侧室腔体内的热失控气体排至泄压机构312，降低了电池单体30发生非定向泄压的可能性。
在一种实施例中，支撑结构33可以在第二方向上横跨整个电极组件32。
在另一种实施例中，支撑结构33可以只设置在第一壁311的四个角落。
可选地，如图7所示，在第一壁311的厚度方向Z上，支撑结构33的尺寸h与电池单体的尺寸c之间满足：0.003≤h/c≤0.13。
在该实施例中，若h/c小于0.003，极易因为电池单体30内部失控产生的颗粒物或者极片阻塞，从而不能达到形成排气通道A的目的；而当h/c大于0.13，则会严重牺牲电池单体30的能量密度；将h/c设置在0.003至0.13之间，则能够达到均衡电池单体30的能量密度和在第一壁311与电极组件32之间形成排气通道A的目的。
下面将结合具体实施例详细描述0.003≤h/c≤0.13所达到的技术效果。
具体地，电池单体的壳体的尺寸为44mm*220mm*100mm(宽*长*高)，能量密度为250Wh/kg，通过机打制制造具有支撑结构的端盖(例如，第一壁)，端盖上具有泄压机构，其中，支撑结构位两块规则四棱柱，呈对称 分布，分别位于端盖的短边两端，长度为41mm，距离端盖的长边分别为0.5mm，支撑结构到端盖的短边距离为7mm，分别制作不同高度的支撑结构，然后通过内置加热膜触发电池单体失控，观测电池单体定向泄压情况。泄压机构开阀压力为1.0MPa，端盖焊缝强度为1.5MPa；同时通过端盖和侧面接气管，检测电池单体内部气压情况，数据如表1所示。
表1
从表1可以看出，在h/c＝0.001和0.002时，壳体的侧面焊缝失效；在h/c＝0.135时，泄压机构正常开启且壳体完整，但能量密度损失严重；而在h/c＝0.003,0.01,0.02,0.05,0.1以及0.13时，泄压机构正常开启且壳体完整。
进一步可选地，0.03≤h/c≤0.08。
可选地，如图10所示，在第一壁311与电极组件32之间设置有多个支撑结构33，在第一壁311的厚度方向Z上，多个支撑结构33在第一壁311的投影总面积S1与第一壁的面积S之间满足：0.012≤S1/S≤0.26。
在该实施例中，当S1/S＜0.012时，在电池单体30发生热失控时，支撑结构33与第一壁311的接触面积过小，一方面无法给电极组件32提供足够的机械支撑，可能会导致内部电极组件32晃动或者和第一壁311搭接的情况，甚至进一步恶化排气路径；而当S1/S＞0.26时，一方面会增大电池单体的重量，牺牲能量密度，另一方面支撑结构33占用电池单体30内部自由空间进一步降低，不利于定向泄压。而将S1/S设置在0.012至0.26之间，能 够达到均衡电池单体30的能量密度和在第一壁311与电极组件32之间形成排气通道A的目的。
下面将结合具体实施例详细描述0.012≤S1/S≤0.26所达到的技术效果。
具体地，电池单体的壳体的尺寸为44mm*220mm*100mm(宽*长*高)，能量密度为250Wh/kg，通过机打制制造具有支撑结构的端盖(例如，第一壁)，端盖上具有泄压机构，其中，支撑结构位两块规则四棱柱，呈对称分布，分别位于端盖的短边两端，长度为41mm，高度为1mm，宽度作为变量，调控S1，然后通过内置加热膜触发电池单体失控，观测电池单体定向泄压情况。泄压机构开阀压力为1.0MPa，端盖焊缝强度为1.5MPa；同时通过端盖和侧面接气管，检测电池单体内部气压情况，数据如表2所示。
表2
从表2中可以看出，在S1/S＝0.0042时，端盖焊缝失效；在S1/S＝0.0085时，侧面焊缝失效；在S1/S＝＝0.3和0.31时，侧面焊缝失效；而在S1/S＝0.012,0.013,0.021,0.053,0.11,0.22以及0.26时，泄压机构正常开启且壳体完整。
进一步可选地，0.08≤S1/S≤0.2。
可选地，如图5所示，电池单体30还包括：电极端子37，设置在 第一壁311，电极端子37与电极组件32电连接。
在该实施例中，通过设置在第一壁311的电极端子37与电极组件32之间的电连接，能够实现与其他电池单体之间的电连接，从而能够实现扩大电池容量的目的。
可选地，在一些实施例中，电极端子37可以设置在第一壁311的远离电极组件32的一侧，以此达到降低占用电池单体30内部空间，以提高电池单体30的能量密度的目的。
可选地，电池单体30可以是方形电池单体，也可以是圆柱形电池单体，本申请实施例对电池单体30的形状不作限定。
再次参见图4至图10，电池单体30包括：外壳31，具有第一壁311，第一壁311上设置有电极端子37和泄压机构312；电极组件32，容纳于外壳31内，电极端子37设置在第一壁311的远离电极组件32的一侧；支撑结构33，设置在电极组件32和第一壁311之间且与第一壁311固定连接；绝缘构件34，设置在第一壁311与电极组件32之间，绝缘构件34设置有避让腔341，避让腔341用于容纳支撑结构33，支撑结构33的熔点高于绝缘构件34的熔点且在电池单体30发生热失控时，支撑结构33用于支撑电极组件32。在第一方向上，外壳31与电极组件32之间具有间隙36，支撑结构33设置有沿第一方向贯通的空腔331，空腔331用于连通间隙36和泄压机构312。
在该实施例中，通过在设置有泄压机构312的第一壁311和电极组件32之间设置支撑结构33，并且将支撑结构33固定在第一壁311上，支撑结构33设置有沿第一方向贯通的空腔331，以将聚集在间隙36内的热失控气体引导排气通道A，并通过泄压机构312排出至电池单体30之外，从而可以降低电池单体30发生非定向泄压的可能性。
可选地，电池单体30还可以包括其他部件，例如图3所示的连接构件23，为了简洁，此处不作过多赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，该电池包括本申请实施例的至少一个电池单体30。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电装置，包括上述实施例的电池，该电池用于为用电装置提供电能。
用电装置可以为如图1所示的车辆，也可以是任何使用电池的设备。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，包括：
    外壳，所述外壳具有第一壁，所述第一壁设置有泄压机构；
    电极组件，容纳于所述外壳内；
    支撑结构，设置在所述电极组件和所述第一壁之间且与所述第一壁固定连接，所述支撑结构用于在所述第一壁和所述电极组件之间形成与所述泄压机构连通的排气通道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑结构用于支撑所述电极组件。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑结构的熔点大于100℃。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述电池单体还包括：
    绝缘构件，设置在所述电极组件和所述第一壁之间；
    其中，所述绝缘构件设置有避让腔，所述避让腔用于容纳所述支撑结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述电池单体还包括绝缘构件，所述绝缘构件用于绝缘所述第一壁与所述电极组件，所述支撑结构的熔点高于所述绝缘构件的熔点。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑结构与所述第一壁通过焊接方式固定连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑结构和所述第一壁一体成型。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑结构的面向所述电极组件的表面设置有绝缘层。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑结构的材料和所述第一壁的材料相同。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，在第一方向上，所述外壳与所述电极组件之间具有间隙；
    所述支撑结构设置有沿所述第一方向贯通的空腔，所述空腔用于连通所述泄压机构与所述间隙，所述第一方向垂直于所述第一壁的厚度方向。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑结构包括相连的第一连接壁和至少一个支撑壁，所述第一连接壁固定连接于所述第一壁，所述支撑壁垂直于所述第一连接壁。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述至少一个支撑壁包括沿第二方向相对设置的两个支撑壁，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一壁的厚度方向，且所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述两个支撑壁分别与所述第一连接壁的沿所述第二方向的两端连接，所述支撑壁包括垂直于所述第二方向的第一部分和平行于所述第一连接壁的第二部分，所述第一部分与所述第一连接壁相连，所述两个支撑壁的两个所述第二部分沿所述第二方向间隔设置。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其特征在于，在所述第一壁的厚度方向上，所述第二部分在所述第一壁上的投影位于所述第一连接壁在所述第一壁上的投影之内。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其特征在于，在所述第一壁的厚度方向上，所述第二部分在所述第一壁上的投影位于所述第一连接壁在所述第一壁上的投影之外。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑结构还包括第二连接壁，所述第二连接壁与所述第一连接壁沿所述第一壁的厚度方向相对设置，所述第一连接壁、所述第二连接壁与所述两个支撑壁首尾相连，形成所述空腔。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑结构设置在所述电池单体的沿第一方向的端部区域。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池单体，其特征在于，在所述第一方向上，所述泄压机构设置于两个所述支撑结构之间，所述第一方向垂直于所述第一壁的厚度方向。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑结构设置于所述端部区域的在第二方向的中部区域，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一壁的厚度方向，且所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  20. 根据权利要求17或18所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述支撑结构设置在所述端部区域的在第二方向的边缘区域，所述第二方向垂直于所述 第一壁的厚度方向，且所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  21. 根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，在所述第一壁的厚度方向上，所述支撑结构的尺寸h与所述电池单体的尺寸c之间满足：0.003≤h/c≤0.13。
  22. 根据权利要求1至21中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一壁和所述电极组件之间设置有至少一个所述支撑结构，在所述第一壁的厚度方向上，所述至少一个所述支撑结构在所述第一壁的投影总面积S1与所述第一壁的面积S之间满足：0.012≤S1/S≤0.26。
  23. 根据权利要求1至22中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一壁为端盖。
  24. 根据权利要求1至23中任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述电池单体还包括：
    电极端子，设置在所述第一壁；
    所述电极端子与所述电极组件电连接。
  25. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至24中任一项所述的电池单体。
  26. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求25所述的电池，所述电池用于为所述用电装置提供电能。
PCT/CN2024/086673 2023-08-16 2024-04-08 电池单体、电池和用电装置 Ceased WO2025035798A1 (zh)

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