WO2025035681A1 - 电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025035681A1
WO2025035681A1 PCT/CN2023/142179 CN2023142179W WO2025035681A1 WO 2025035681 A1 WO2025035681 A1 WO 2025035681A1 CN 2023142179 W CN2023142179 W CN 2023142179W WO 2025035681 A1 WO2025035681 A1 WO 2025035681A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode assembly
support member
height direction
battery
pole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2023/142179
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋贡生
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Sunwoda Mobility Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Sunwoda Mobility Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2025035681A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025035681A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to but are not limited to the field of battery technology, and specifically relate to a battery and an electrical device.
  • the electrode assembly When a lithium-ion battery is placed on its side, the electrode assembly is tilted in the shell due to the gravity of the electrode assembly inside the shell. The bottom corner of the electrode assembly will contact the inner wall of the shell. As the cycle progresses, the shell will clamp the expanded electrode assembly, causing the expansion force at the bottom corner to continue to increase. Lithium is preferentially deposited at the corner, which leads to premature failure of the electrode assembly and shortened battery life.
  • the present application provides a battery and an electrical device to solve the problem of excessive expansion of the bottom corner of the electrode assembly during side-mounted use, which leads to lithium deposition failure of the electrode assembly.
  • the present application provides a battery, comprising:
  • a housing having a receiving cavity
  • a top cover connected to the shell and covering the accommodating cavity
  • An electrode assembly the electrode assembly is disposed in the accommodating cavity, the electrode assembly has a height direction x, and the electrode assembly includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other in the height direction x;
  • the support member is elastic, and is compressed and disposed between the first surface and the shell along the height direction; and/or, is compressed and disposed between the second surface and the shell along the height direction; the battery satisfies: 0kg/mm 3 ⁇ M/(S ⁇ D) ⁇ 1kg/mm 3 ;
  • the orthographic projection area of the support member along the height direction on the inner wall of the housing is S mm 2
  • the maximum dimension of the support member along the height direction in an uncompressed state is D mm
  • the mass of the electrode assembly is M kg.
  • the battery further satisfies: 0.3 kg/mm 3 ⁇ M/(S ⁇ D) ⁇ 0.7 kg/mm 3 .
  • a surface of the electrode assembly facing the top cover is a third surface, and the third surface connects the first surface and the second surface;
  • the top cover is provided with a first pole and a second pole spaced apart along the height direction x, the third surface is provided with a first pole lug and a second pole lug spaced apart along the height direction x, the first pole lug is connected to the first pole, and the second pole lug is connected to the second pole;
  • One side of the support member is connected to the first surface, and the side of the support member away from the electrode assembly is connected to the inner wall of the shell; and/or,
  • One side of the support member is connected to the second surface, and one side of the support member away from the electrode assembly is connected to the inner wall of the shell.
  • two groups of support members are provided, one group of support members is provided between the first surface and the shell, and the other group of support members is provided between the second surface and the shell, and the two groups of support members 40 are symmetrically provided along the central axis of the electrode assembly 30 in the height direction x.
  • the battery further satisfies: 5 mm 3 ⁇ S ⁇ D ⁇ 42000 mm 3 .
  • the battery further satisfies: 1000 mm 3 ⁇ S ⁇ D ⁇ 25000 mm 3 .
  • the resistivity of the support member is from 10 12 ⁇ cm to 10 18 ⁇ cm.
  • the support member is selected from at least one of expansion tape, expansion rubber, soft plastic, and foam.
  • an orthographic projection of the first surface or the second surface along the height direction x on the inner wall of the housing has an area S 0 mm 2 , satisfying: 0.01 ⁇ S/S 0 ⁇ 1.
  • the battery further satisfies at least one of the following features:
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, comprising the battery.
  • the present application provides a battery, comprising: a shell having a receiving cavity; a top cover connected to the shell and covering the receiving cavity; an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly is arranged in the receiving cavity, the electrode assembly has a height direction x, and the electrode assembly includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other in the height direction x; a support member is elastic, and the support member is compressed and arranged between the first surface and the shell and/or between the second surface and the shell; wherein the orthographic projection of the support member on the inner wall of the shell along the height direction x has an area S mm 2 , and the support member has a maximum size D mm in an uncompressed state, and the mass of the electrode assembly is M kg, satisfying: 0kg/mm 3 ⁇ M/(S ⁇ D) ⁇ 1kg/mm 3 .
  • the electrode assembly is propped up by the expansion characteristics of the support member to prevent the electrode assembly from contacting the inner wall of the shell when placed on its side, thereby avoiding stress concentration during the cycle and extending the service life of the battery when the electrode assembly is placed on its side.
  • FIG1 is a schematic front view of a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of point A in FIG1 ;
  • FIG3 is a schematic top view of a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic side view of a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a battery structure without a support member provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure numerals 10 - shell, 101 - accommodating cavity, 20 - top cover, 201 - first pole, 202 - second pole, 30 - electrode assembly, 301 - first surface, 302 - second surface, 303 - third surface, 304 - first pole ear, 305 - second pole ear, 40 - support member.
  • group margin is an important factor that will be considered when designing lithium-ion batteries. On the one hand, if the group margin is too low, it will cause a waste of space. On the other hand, if the group margin is too high, the expansion force of the battery cell will increase rapidly during the cycle, which is not conducive to the use of the battery. In order to improve production efficiency more efficiently, the lithium-ion battery is assembled by placing it on its side, and it is always in a side-placed state during the use of the battery. In this way, at the beginning of use, due to the gravity of the electrode assembly itself, the electrode assembly will be in an inclined state in the shell.
  • the bottom corner of the electrode assembly has already contacted the aluminum shell in the early stage.
  • the winding core will be clamped, resulting in the inability of the winding core to move in the width direction, thereby causing the expansion force at the bottom corner to continue to increase, resulting in lithium deposition at the corner first, and ultimately causing the electrode assembly to fail prematurely and shorten its life.
  • this embodiment provides a battery, comprising: a shell 10, a top cover 20, an electrode assembly 30, and a support member 40, wherein the shell 10 has a receiving cavity 101; the top cover 20 is connected to the shell 10 and covers the receiving cavity 101; the electrode assembly 30 is disposed in the receiving cavity 101, the electrode assembly 30 has a height direction x, and the electrode assembly 30 includes a first surface 301 and a second surface 302 disposed opposite to each other in the height direction x; along the height direction x, the support member 40 is compressed and disposed between the first surface 301 and the shell 10; and/or, along the height direction x, the support member 40 is compressed and disposed between the second surface 302 and the shell 10 to separate the first surface 301 and the second surface 302 from the inner wall of the shell 10 and support the electrode assembly 30; wherein the orthographic projection of the support member 40 on the inner wall of the shell 10 along the height direction x has an area S mm 2 , and the support member 40 has a maximum size D mm in an uncom
  • the support member 40 in order to well support the electrode assembly 30, is elastic so that it has good buffering performance. When the support member 40 is placed between the electrode assembly 30 and the housing 10, it is in a compressed state and has elastic support force on the electrode assembly 30.
  • the support member 40 can prop up the electrode assembly 30 to prevent the electrode assembly 30 from contacting the inner wall of the shell 10 when it is placed on its side, thereby preventing the bottom of the electrode assembly 30 from contacting the shell 10 to generate stress concentration, further preventing the problem of preferential lithium deposition at the corners of the electrode assembly 30, and extending the service life of the battery when the electrode assembly 30 is placed on its side.
  • the spatial range occupied by the support member 40 in the height direction x can be further reflected.
  • the support member 40 has better structural stability, can withstand the load in the height direction x, and improve the bearing capacity.
  • the height direction x is the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 1.
  • the area S mm 2 of the orthographic projection of the support member 40 along the height direction x on the inner wall of the housing 10 defined above can be directly obtained by calculating the area of the figure corresponding to the orthographic projection, and the shape of the orthographic projection can be a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, a parallelogram, a trapezoid, etc., but is not limited to any of the above shapes; in addition, if it is an irregular shape, the area of the circumscribed rectangle can be used as the area S.
  • the maximum dimension D of the support member 40 in the uncompressed state along the height direction x is measured by disassembling the battery, disassembling the electrode assembly 30 and the support member 40, placing the support member 40 in a natural uncompressed state for about 0.5h-1.0h, and measuring the thickness of the support member 40 with a caliper or the like. After the complex deformation, the shape of the support member 40 may be irregular.
  • the maximum dimension D refers to the maximum dimension of the support member 40 in the thickness direction. In the illustrated embodiment, the height direction X is consistent with the thickness direction of the support member 40.
  • the surface of the electrode assembly 30 facing the top cover 20 is the third surface 303, and the third surface 303 connects the first surface 301 and the second surface 302;
  • the top cover 20 is provided with a first pole 201 and a second pole 202 spaced apart along the height direction x
  • the third surface 303 is provided with a first pole ear 304 and a second pole ear 305 spaced apart along the height direction x, the first pole ear 304 is connected to the first pole 201, and the second pole ear 305 is connected to the second pole 202;
  • one side of the support member 40 is connected to the first surface 301 and the second surface 302, and the side of the support member 40 away from the electrode assembly 30 is connected to the inner wall of the shell 10.
  • Figure 1 shows the state of the battery of this embodiment when it is placed on its side, wherein the presence of the support member 40 can effectively disperse and bear the weight and force of the electrode assembly 30, preventing the electrode assembly 30 from deforming or moving during use; the support member 40 can also provide additional protection and support to reduce the impact of external shock or vibration on the electrode assembly 30, which helps to extend the service life of the electrode assembly 30 and improve its stability and reliability.
  • the above connection method can also minimize the occupation of the internal space by the electrode assembly 30 and the support member 40, providing more space for other components.
  • first electrode 201 and the second electrode 202 can be the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery respectively.
  • the first electrode ear 304 connected to the first electrode 201 is the positive electrode ear
  • the first electrode ear 304 connected to the second electrode 202 is the negative electrode ear.
  • two groups of support members 40 are provided, one group of support members 40 is provided between the first surface 301 and the shell 10, and the other group of support members 40 is provided between the second surface 302 and the shell 10, and the two groups of support members 40 are symmetrically provided along the central axis of the electrode assembly 30 in the height direction x.
  • the support members 40 can also balance the supporting force through symmetrical arrangement, reduce the uneven stress distribution in the shell, and improve the overall stability of the battery, and the symmetrical structure also helps to reduce the influence of external forces and vibrations on the battery and improve the anti-interference ability of the battery.
  • the mass of the electrode assembly 30 is M kg, and the battery further satisfies: 0kg/mm 3 ⁇ M/(S ⁇ D) ⁇ 1kg/mm 3 . It should be noted that in order to ensure the supporting effect of the support member 40 on the electrode assembly 30, it is necessary to further examine the influence of the mass of the electrode assembly 30. When the above range is met, it can be further ensured that the support member 40 has sufficient strength and stability to withstand the mass of the electrode assembly 30. The support member 40 can also be reasonably designed to ensure that the support member 40 can evenly distribute and transfer the mass of the electrode assembly 30; it can avoid contact between the electrode assembly 30 and the shell 10, and further improve the service life of the battery.
  • the battery further satisfies: 0.3 kg/mm 3 ⁇ M/(S ⁇ D) ⁇ 0.7 kg/mm 3 . Further satisfying this range can further ensure that the support member 40 has sufficient strength and stability to withstand the mass of the electrode assembly 30 , thereby further optimizing the cycle life of the battery.
  • the support member 40 further satisfies: in the pressure range of 0.5kPa to 200kPa, the compression amount of the support member 40 ranges from 0.02mm to 2mm. This shows that the support member 40 has a certain elasticity and compressibility.
  • the compression amount of the support member 40 ranges from 0.02mm to 2mm, which means that the support member 40 can undergo a certain degree of compression deformation under different pressures; this elasticity and compressibility can enable the support member 40 to adapt to different pressure environments and provide a certain buffering and absorption capacity; when the external pressure increases, the support member 40 can also be compressed to reduce the transmission and influence of pressure, thereby protecting the electrode assembly 30; in addition, the compression range of the support member 40 can also be used to adjust and balance the pressure distribution in the battery to achieve battery balance and stability.
  • the resistivity of the support member 40 is from 10 12 ⁇ cm to 10 18 ⁇ cm.
  • the resistivity of the support member 40 may be any one of 10 12 ⁇ cm, 10 13 ⁇ cm, 10 13 ⁇ cm, 10 14 ⁇ cm, 10 15 ⁇ cm, 10 16 ⁇ cm, 10 17 ⁇ cm and 10 18 ⁇ cm, or a range between any two values. The above range indicates that the support member 40 has high electrical insulation, which enables the support member 40 to be used as an electrical isolation component between the electrode assembly 30 and the housing 10 to prevent unexpected current flow and interference, as well as internal short circuit problems of the battery.
  • the support member 40 is selected from at least one of expansion tape, expansion rubber, soft plastic, and foam. It should be noted that the selection of expansion tape, expansion rubber, soft plastic, foam, and other materials as the material of the support member 40 can provide appropriate softness and expandability to meet the needs of the support member 40 in a specific environment. Such a setting can make the support member 40 adapt to components of different shapes and sizes and provide uniform support force, thereby enhancing the stability and reliability of the battery.
  • the orthographic projection of the first surface 301 or the second surface 302 along the height direction x on the inner wall of the housing 10 has an area S 0 mm 2 , satisfying: 0.01 ⁇ S/S 0 ⁇ 1.
  • S/S 0 can be any one of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1, or a range between any two values.
  • the position of the support member 40 can be arranged reasonably so that The support members 40 can be reasonably distributed on the first surface 301 and the second surface 302, which helps to balance the supporting force, reduce stress concentration, and improve the supporting effect.
  • the battery further satisfies: 50 ⁇ S ⁇ 14000.
  • S can be any one of 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 11000, 12000, 13000 and 14000, or a range between any two values. It should be noted that when the above range is met, the supporting effect of the support member 40 can be improved.
  • the battery further satisfies: 0.1 ⁇ D ⁇ 3.
  • D can be any one of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8 and 3, or a range between any two values. It should be noted that when the above range is met, the bearing capacity of the support member 40 can be improved.
  • the battery further satisfies: 1000 mm 3 ⁇ S ⁇ D ⁇ 25000 mm 3 .
  • the value of S ⁇ D may be any one of 5mm 3 , 6mm 3 , 7mm 3 , 8mm 3 , 9mm 3 , 10mm 3 , 15mm 3 , 20mm 3 , 50mm 3 , 100mm 3 , 200mm 3 , 500mm 3 , 1000mm 3 , 2000mm 3 , 5000mm 3 , 8000mm 3 , 10000mm 3 , 15000mm 3 , 20000mm 3 , 25000mm 3 , 30000mm 3 , 35000mm 3 , 40000mm 3 , 41000mm 3 and 42000mm 3 , or a range between any two of the values.
  • the battery further satisfies: 0 ⁇ M ⁇ 5.
  • this embodiment further provides an electrical device, which includes the battery of this embodiment.
  • the electrical device can be a vehicle, a mobile phone, a portable device, a laptop computer, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, and the like.
  • the vehicle can be a new energy vehicle, which can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, and the like;
  • the spacecraft includes an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, and a spacecraft, and the like;
  • the electric toy includes a fixed or mobile electric toy, such as a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, and an electric airplane toy, and the like;
  • the electric tool includes a metal cutting electric tool, a grinding electric tool, an assembly electric tool, and an electric tool for railways, such as an electric drill, an electric grinder, an electric wrench, an electric screwdriver, an electric hammer, an impact drill, a concrete vibrator, and an electric planer, and the like.
  • the embodiments of this application do not impose any special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • This embodiment provides a battery, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1 , wherein a support member 40 is provided on the first surface 301 and the second surface 302 of the electrode assembly 30 , and the support member 40 is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) expansion tape.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • Example 2-25 The structure of Example 2-25 is the same as that of Example 1
  • This embodiment provides a battery, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1 , wherein a support member 40 is disposed on the first surface 301 and the second surface 302 of the electrode assembly 30 , and the support member 40 is polystyrene foam (EPS).
  • EPS polystyrene foam
  • This embodiment provides a battery, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1 , wherein a support member 40 is disposed on the first surface 301 and the second surface 302 of the electrode assembly 30 , and the support member 40 is polystyrene (PS).
  • PS polystyrene
  • This embodiment provides a battery, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1 , wherein a support member 40 is provided on the first surface 301 and the second surface 302 of the electrode assembly 30 , and the support member 40 is made of soft rubber.
  • Comparative Example 1-2 The structure of Comparative Example 1-2 is the same as that of Example 1.
  • the electrode assembly 30 can be propped up to a certain extent by providing the support member 40, thereby avoiding contact between the electrode assembly 30 and the inside of the shell 10, and the batteries all show excellent performance; while in Comparative Example 1, since the thickness dimension D and area S of the support member 40 are relatively small, the supporting force for the heavier electrode assembly 30 is relatively weak, and the risk of lithium deposition caused by contact between the electrode assembly and the inside of the shell 10 cannot be well resolved. Therefore, the battery capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 1 is relatively low; and in Comparative Example 2, the thickness dimension D and area S of the support member 40 are further reduced, but the supporting force for the lighter electrode assembly is still insufficient, and the battery capacity retention rate of Comparative Example 2 is still relatively low.
  • the battery of embodiment 1-28 satisfies the range of 0kg/mm 3 ⁇ M/(S ⁇ D) ⁇ 1kg/mm 3 , and its battery capacity retention rate is higher than that of comparative examples 1-2, indicating that the electrode assembly 30 can be propped up by the expansion characteristics of the support member 40 to prevent the electrode assembly 30 from contacting the inner wall of the shell 10 when placed on its side, thereby avoiding stress concentration during the cycle and lithium plating of the electrode assembly, and extending the service life of the battery when the electrode assembly 30 is placed on its side.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种电池及用电装置，包括：壳体，壳体具有容纳腔；顶盖，顶盖与壳体连接并盖封容纳腔；电极组件，电极组件设于容纳腔内，电极组件具有高度方向x，电极组件包括第一面和第二面；支撑件具有弹性，支撑件压缩设置于电极组件与壳体之间；其中，支撑件沿高度方向x在壳体的内壁的正投影具有面积S mm 2，支撑件在未压缩状态下具有最大尺寸D mm，电极组件的质量为M kg，满足：0 kg/mm 3＜M/(S×D)≤1 kg/mm 3。通过支撑件的膨胀特性将电极组件撑起，并根据电极组件的质量与支撑件的尺寸关联设置，避免电极组件侧放时与壳体内壁接触，避免循环过程中的应力集中，延长电极组件侧放时电池的使用寿命。

Description

一种电池及用电装置
本申请要求于2023年08月16日提交中国专利局、申请号为202311037269.2、申请名称为“一种电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及但不限于电池技术领域，具体涉及一种电池及用电装置。
背景技术
锂离子电池处于侧放状态时，由于壳体内部电极组件自身重力的作用，使电极组件在壳体当中处于倾斜状态，电极组件的底部拐角处会接触到壳体内壁，随着循环过程的进行，壳体将膨胀的电极组件夹紧，从而造成底部拐角处膨胀力持续增大，拐角处优先析锂，从而导致电极组件提前失效，电池寿命减短。
技术问题
本申请提供一种电池及用电装置，解决电极组件侧放使用过程中底部拐角处膨胀过大导致电极组件析锂失效的问题。
技术解决方案
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括：
壳体，所述壳体具有容纳腔；
顶盖，所述顶盖与所述壳体连接并盖封所述容纳腔；
电极组件，所述电极组件设于所述容纳腔内，所述电极组件具有高度方向x，所述电极组件包括在所述高度方向x相背离设置的第一面和第二面；
支撑件具有弹性，沿所述高度方向，所述支撑件压缩设置于所述第一面与所述壳体之间；和/或，沿所述高度方向，所述支撑件压缩设置于所述第二面与所述壳体之间；所述电池满足：0kg/mm3＜M/(S×D)≤1kg/mm3；
其中，所述支撑件沿所述高度方向在所述壳体内壁的正投影面积为S mm2，所述支撑件沿所述高度方向在未压缩状态下的最大尺寸为D mm，所述电极组件的质量为M kg。
可选地，所述电池进一步满足：0.3kg/mm3＜M/(S×D)≤0.7kg/mm3。
可选地，所述电极组件正对所述顶盖的面为第三面，所述第三面连接所述第一面和所述第二面；
所述顶盖上设有沿所述高度方向x间隔设置的第一极柱和第二极柱，所述第三面上设有沿所述高度方向x间隔设置的第一极耳和第二极耳，所述第一极耳与所述第一极柱连接，所述第二极耳与所述第二极柱连接；
所述支撑件的一侧与所述第一面连接、所述支撑件远离所述电极组件的一侧与所述壳体的内壁连接；和/或，
所述支撑件的一侧与所述第二面连接、所述支撑件远离所述电极组件的一侧与所述壳体的内壁连接。
可选地，所述支撑件设置两组，一组所述支撑件设于所述第一面与所述壳体之间，另一组所述支撑件设置于所述第二面与所述壳体之间，两组所述支撑件40沿所述电极组件30在所述高度方向x的中轴线对称设置。
可选地，所述电池进一步满足：5mm3≤S×D≤42000mm3。
可选地，所述电池进一步满足：1000mm3≤S×D≤25000mm3。
可选地，所述电极组件与所述壳体的内壁之间在所述高度方向x上具有最大间隙L mm，满足：D＞L。
可选地，所述支撑件的电阻率从1012Ω·cm到1018Ω·cm。
可选地，所述支撑件选自膨胀胶纸、膨胀橡胶、软塑料、泡沫中的至少一种。
可选地，所述第一面或所述第二面沿所述高度方向x在所述壳体的内壁的正投影具有面积S0mm2，满足：0.01≤S/S0≤1。
可选地，所述电池进一步满足如下特征中的至少一者：
d)50≤S≤14000；
e)0.1≤D≤3；
f)0＜M≤5。
第二方面，本申请还提供一种用电装置，包括所述的电池。
有益效果
相较于现有技术，本申请提供的一种电池，包括：壳体，壳体具有容纳腔；顶盖，顶盖与壳体连接并盖封容纳腔；电极组件，电极组件设于容纳腔内，电极组件具有高度方向x，电极组件包括在高度方向x相背离设置的第一面和第二面；支撑件具有弹性，支撑件压缩设置于第一面与壳体之间和/或第二面与壳体之间；其中，支撑件沿高度方向x在壳体的内壁的正投影具有面积S mm2，支撑件在未压缩状态下具有最大尺寸D mm，电极组件的质量为M kg，满足：0kg/mm3＜M/(S×D)≤1kg/mm3。本申请满足上述的范围时，可以 通过支撑件的膨胀特性将电极组件撑起，避免电极组件侧放时与壳体的内壁接触，从而避免循环过程中的应力集中，延长了电极组件侧放时电池的使用寿命。
需要说明的是，本申请提供的用电装置具有上述电池的所有技术特征以及有益效果，在此不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的电池正视示意图；
图2为图1中A处的局部放大示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的电池俯视示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的电池侧视示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的不设置支撑件的电池结构示意图；
附图标记，10-壳体，101-容纳腔，20-顶盖，201-第一极柱，202-第二极柱，30-电极组件，301-第一面，302-第二面，303-第三面，304-第一极耳，305-第二极耳，40-支撑件。
本申请的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本申请的不同结构。为了简化本申请的公开，下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然，它们仅仅为示例，并且目的不在于限制本申请。
为了更大限度的提高锂离子电池的能量密度和使用寿命，在设计锂离子电池时，群裕度作为一个重要的因素将会被着重考虑，一方面，群裕度太低，将会造成空间上的浪费，另一方面，群裕度太高将会使电芯在循环过程中的膨胀力极速增大，这些对电池的使用都是不利的。为了更大效率地提高生产效率，采用的是将锂离子电池侧放的方式进行组装，在电池使用期间一直处于侧放状态，这样一来，使用初期由于电极组件自身重力的作用，将使电极组件在壳体中处于倾斜状态，如图5所示，电极组件底部拐角处前期就已接触到铝壳，随着循环过程的进行，当电极组件在厚度方向上接触壳体时，将会把卷芯夹紧，导致卷芯在宽度方向上无法移动，从而造成底部拐角处膨胀力持续增大，导致拐角处优先析锂，最终使电极组件提前失效，寿命减短。
因此，需要提供一种电池和用电装置，以解决电极组件在侧放使用过程中底部拐角处膨胀过大导致电芯析锂失效的问题。
参见图1，本实施例提供一种电池，包括：壳体10、顶盖20、电极组件30、支撑件40，壳体10具有容纳腔101；顶盖20与壳体10连接并盖封容纳腔101；电极组件30设于容纳腔101内，电极组件30具有高度方向x，电极组件30包括在高度方向x相背离设置的第一面301和第二面302；沿所述高度方向x，所述支撑件40压缩设置于所述第一面301与所述壳体10之间；和/或，沿所述高度方向x，所述支撑件40压缩设置于所述第二面302与所述壳体10之间，以将第一面301和第二面302与壳体10的内壁间隔，并支撑电极组件30；其中，支撑件40沿高度方向x在所述壳体10的内壁的正投影具有面积S mm2，支撑件40在未压缩状态下具有最大尺寸D mm，满足：5mm3≤S×D≤42000mm3。
在一些具体的实施例中，为了很好的对电极组件30进行支撑，支撑件40具有弹性，使得其具备很好的缓冲性能。当将支撑件40放置在电极组件30和壳体10之间时，其处于压缩状态，对电极组件30具有弹性支撑力。
需要说明的是，当满足5mm3≤S×D≤42000mm3的范围时，支撑件40可将电极组件30撑起，避免电极组件30侧放时与壳体10的内壁接触，从而避免电极组件30的底部接触壳体10产生应力集中，进一步防止了电极组件30拐角处优先析锂的问题，延长了电极组件30侧放时电池的使用寿命。
进一步地，通过限定支撑件40沿高度方向x在第一面301或第二面302上的正投影的面积S mm2以及支撑件40在未压缩状态下的最大尺寸D mm，可以进一步反映出支撑件40在高度方向x上所占据的空间范围。当满足上述的范围时，可以保证支撑件40具有更好的结构稳定性，并且可以承受高度方向x上的载荷，提高承载能力。
在一些实施例中，高度方向x为图1中箭头所指的方向。此外，以上限定的支撑件40沿高度方向x在所述壳体10的内壁的正投影的面积S mm2可以直接通过计算正投影对应的图形面积得到，正投影的形状可以为矩形、圆形、椭圆形、平行四边形、梯形等，但不限于以上的任意一种形状；另外，如果为不规则形状时，可以通过外接矩形的面积作为面积S。
支撑件40沿高度方向x在未压缩状态下的最大尺寸D的测量方法为将电池拆解，将电极组件30和支撑件40拆解出来后，将支撑件40在自然未被压缩的状态下放置0.5h-1.0h左右，用卡尺等量取支撑件40的厚度尺寸。需要说明的是，基于支撑件40由于受压缩恢 复形变之后会导致其形状不规则，最大尺寸D指的是支撑件40在厚度方向上的最大尺寸。在图示的实施例中，高度方向X与支撑件40的厚度方向一致。
在一些实施例中，进一步参见图1和图2，电极组件30正对顶盖20的面为第三面303，第三面303连接第一面301和第二面302；顶盖20上设有沿高度方向x间隔设置的第一极柱201和第二极柱202，第三面303上设有沿高度方向x间隔设置的第一极耳304和第二极耳305，第一极耳304与第一极柱201连接，第二极耳305与第二极柱202连接；支撑件40的一侧与第一面301和第二面302连接，支撑件40远离电极组件30的一侧与壳体10的内壁连接。
需要说明的是，图1显示出了本实施例电池侧放时的状态，其中，支撑件40的存在可以有效地分散和承受电极组件30的重量和力量，防止电极组件30在使用过程中发生变形或移动；支撑件40还可以提供额外的保护和支撑，减少电极组件30受到外部冲击或振动的影响，这有助于延长电极组件30的使用寿命，提高其稳定性和可靠性，同时，以上的连接方式还可以最大限度地减少电极组件30和支撑件40对内部空间的占用，为其它组件提供更多的空间。
进一步地，第一极柱201和第二极柱202可以分别为电池的正极柱和负极柱，与第一极柱201连接的第一极耳304为正极耳，与第二极柱202连接的为负极耳，通过正极柱、负极柱以及相应的正、负极耳的连接，电池可以实现正负极之间的电流传输，从而实现电池的正常工作。
在一些实施例中，参见图3，支撑件40设置两组，一组支撑件40设于第一面301与壳体10之间，另一组支撑件40设置于第二面302与壳体10之间，两组支撑件40沿电极组件30在高度方向x的中轴线对称设置。需要说明的是，支撑件40通过对称设置还可以平衡支撑力，减少壳体内不均匀的应力分布，提高电池的整体稳定性，且对称性的结构还有助于减小电池受到外部力和振动的影响，提高电池的抗干扰能力。
在一些实施例中，电极组件30的质量为M kg，电池进一步满足：0kg/mm3＜M/(S×D)≤1kg/mm3。需要说明的是，为了保证支撑件40对电极组件30的支撑效果，需要进一步考察电极组件30的质量所带来的影响，当满足上述的范围时，可以进一步确保支撑件40具有足够的强度和稳定性，能够承受电极组件30的质量，还可以对支撑件40进行合理的结构设计，以确保支撑件40能够均匀分布和传递电极组件30的质量；能够避免电极组件30与壳体10接触，进一步提高电池的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，所述电池进一步满足：0.3kg/mm3＜M/(S×D)≤0.7kg/mm3，进一步满足该范围，可以进一步确保支撑件40具有足够的强度和稳定性，能够承受电极组件30的质量，使得电池的循环寿命更加优化。
在一些实施例中，电极组件30与壳体10的内壁之间在高度方向x上具有最大间隙L mm，满足：D＞L。需要说明的是，当满足D＞L时，可以保证电极组件30和壳体10的内壁间隔的同时，还进一步保证了支撑件40对电极组件30的支撑效果，这是因为在以上的尺寸要求下，支撑件40在壳体10内处于被压缩的状态，而为了克服压缩状态因此支撑件40对电极组件30具有一定的反向作用力，以保证支撑效果。
在一些实施例中，支撑件40进一步满足：在0.5kPa至200kPa的压强范围下，支撑件40的压缩量从0.02mm到2mm。这说明支撑件40具有一定的弹性和可压缩性，在给定的压强范围内，支撑件40的压缩量从0.02mm到2mm不等，这意味着支撑件40能够在不同的压力下发生一定程度的压缩变形；这种弹性和可压缩性可以使支撑件40适应不同的压力环境，并提供一定的缓冲和吸收能力；当外部压力增加时，支撑件40还可以压缩以减少压力的传递和影响，从而保护电极组件30；此外，支撑件40的压缩量范围也可以用于调节和平衡电池内的压力分布，以实现电池的平衡和稳定。
在一些实施例中，支撑件40的电阻率从1012Ω·cm到1018Ω·cm，例如，支撑件40的电阻率可以为1012Ω·cm、1013Ω·cm、1013Ω·cm、1014Ω·cm、1015Ω·cm、1016Ω·cm、1017Ω·cm和1018Ω·cm中的任意一值或任意两值之间的范围。以上的范围表明支撑件40具有较高的电绝缘性，这使得支撑件40还可以用于电极组件30与壳体10之间的电性隔离部件，防止电流的非预期流动和干扰，以及电池的内部短路问题。
在一些实施例中，支撑件40选自膨胀胶纸、膨胀橡胶、软塑料、泡沫中的至少一种。需要说明的是，选择膨胀胶纸、膨胀橡胶、软塑料、泡沫等材料作为支撑件40的材料，可以提供适当的柔软性和可膨胀性，以满足支撑件40在特定环境中的需求，这样的设置可以使支撑件40适应不同形状和尺寸的组件，并提供均匀的支撑力，从而增强电池的稳定性和可靠性。
在一些实施例中，参见图4，第一面301或第二面302沿高度方向x在壳体10的内壁的正投影具有面积S0mm2，满足：0.01≤S/S0≤1。例如，S/S0可以是0.01、0.02、0.05、0.08、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9和1中的任意一值或任意两值之间的范围。需要说明的是，通过限定0.01≤S/S0≤1的范围，可以合理对支撑件40的位置进行布置，使 得支撑件40可以合理的分布在第一面301和第二面302上，这有助于平衡支撑力，减少应力集中，提高支撑效果。
在一些实施例中，电池进一步满足：50≤S≤14000。例如，S可以是50、60、70、80、90、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、550、600、650、700、750、800、850、900、1000、1100、1200、1500、1800、2000、2500、3000、3500、4000、4500、5000、6000、7000、8000、9000、10000、11000、12000、13000和14000中的任意一值或任意两值之间的范围。需要说明的是，当满足以上的范围，可以提高支撑件40的支撑效果。
在一些实施例中，电池进一步满足：0.1≤D≤3。例如，D可以是0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0、1.2、1.5、1.8、2.0、2.2、2.5、2.8和3中的任意一值或任意两值之间的范围。需要说明的是，当满足以上的范围，可以提高支撑件40的承载能力。
在一些实施例中，电池进一步满足：1000mm3≤S×D≤25000mm3。
在一些实施例中，S×D的值可以是5mm3、6mm3、7mm3、8mm3、9mm3、10mm3、15mm3、20mm3、50mm3、100mm3、200mm3、500mm3、1000mm3、2000mm3、5000mm3、8000mm3、10000mm3、15000mm3、20000mm3、25000mm3、30000mm3、35000mm3、40000mm3、41000mm3和42000mm3中的任意一值或任意两值之间的范围。
在一些实施例中，电池进一步满足：0＜M≤5。
在一些实施例中，本实施例还提供一种用电装置，用电装置包括本实施例的电池。用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种电池，结构如图1所，其中，在电极组件30的第一面301和第二面302上设置支撑件40，支撑件40为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)膨胀胶纸。
实施例2-25的结构同实施例1
实施例26
本实施例提供一种电池，结构如图1所，其中，在电极组件30的第一面301和第二面302上设置支撑件40，支撑件40为聚苯乙烯泡沫(EPS)。
实施例27
本实施例提供一种电池，结构如图1所，其中，在电极组件30的第一面301和第二面302上设置支撑件40，支撑件40为聚苯乙烯(PS)。
实施例28
本实施例提供一种电池，结构如图1所，其中，在电极组件30的第一面301和第二面302上设置支撑件40，支撑件40为软橡胶。
对比例1-2的结构同实施例1。
对实施例1-28以及对比例1-2的电池进行性能测试，测试条件为：在60℃，2C/2C加速循环1000cls后测试电极组件的容量保持率；计算公式为：容量保持率＝(每个循环结束时的容量/初始容量)×100％，所得结果参见表1。
表1


由表1可知，实施例1-28中，通过设置支撑件40可以在一定程度上将电极组件30撑起，避免了其与壳体10内部接触，电池均表现出了优异的性能；而对比例1中由于支撑件40的厚度尺寸D较小，面积S也较小，对质量较重的电极组件30的支撑力较弱，无法很好的解决电极组件和壳体内部10内部接触导致析锂的风险，因此对比例1的电池容量保持率较低；而对比例2中，进一步减小支撑件40的厚度尺寸D、面积S，对质量较轻的电极组件的支撑力仍然不足，对比例2的电池容量保持率仍然是较低的。综上，相比于对比例1-2，实施例1-28的电池满足0kg/mm3＜M/(S×D)≤1kg/mm3的范围，其电池的容量保持率高于对比例1-2，说明了通过支撑件40的膨胀特性可将电极组件30撑起，避免电极组件30侧放时与壳体10的内壁接触，从而避免循环过程中的应力集中以及电极组件的析锂问题，延长了电极组件30侧放时电池的使用寿命。
以上对本申请所提供的一种电池及用电装置进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池，其中，包括：
    壳体(10)，所述壳体(10)具有容纳腔(101)；
    顶盖(20)，所述顶盖(20)与所述壳体(10)连接并盖封所述容纳腔(101)；
    电极组件(30)，所述电极组件(30)设于所述容纳腔(101)内，所述电极组件(30)具有高度方向(x)，所述电极组件(30)包括在所述高度方向(x)相背离设置的第一面(301)和第二面(302)；
    支撑件(40)，所述支撑件(40)具有弹性，沿所述高度方向(x)，所述支撑件(40)压缩设置于所述第一面(301)与所述壳体(10)之间；和/或，沿所述高度方向(x)，所述支撑件(40)压缩设置于所述第二面(302)与所述壳体(10)之间；
    所述电池满足：
    0kg/mm3＜M/(S×D)≤1kg/mm3；
    所述支撑件(40)沿所述高度方向(x)在所述壳体(10)内壁的正投影面积为S mm2，所述支撑件(40)沿所述高度方向(x)在未压缩状态下的最大尺寸为D mm，所述电极组件(30)的质量为M kg。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述电池满足：0.3kg/mm3＜M/(S×D)≤0.7kg/mm3。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述电极组件(30)正对所述顶盖(20)的面为第三面(303)，所述第三面(303)连接所述第一面(301)和所述第二面(302)；
    所述顶盖(20)上设有沿所述高度方向(x)间隔设置的第一极柱(201)和第二极柱(202)，所述第三面(303)上设有沿所述高度方向(x)间隔设置的第一极耳(304)和第二极耳(305)，所述第一极耳(304)与所述第一极柱(201)连接，所述第二极耳(305)与所述第二极柱(202)连接；
    所述支撑件(40)的一侧与所述第一面(301)连接、所述支撑件(40)远离所述电极组件(30)的一侧与所述壳体(10)的内壁连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述电极组件(30)正对所述顶盖(20)的面为第三面(303)，所述第三面(303)连接所述第一面(301)和所述第二面(302)；
    所述顶盖(20)上设有沿所述高度方向(x)间隔设置的第一极柱(201)和第二极柱(202)，所述第三面(303)上设有沿所述高度方向(x)间隔设置的第一极耳(304)和 第二极耳(305)，所述第一极耳(304)与所述第一极柱(201)连接，所述第二极耳(305)与所述第二极柱(202)连接；
    所述支撑件(40)的一侧与所述第二面(302)连接、所述支撑件(40)远离所述电极组件(30)的一侧与所述壳体(10)的内壁连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述支撑件(40)设置有两组，一组所述支撑件(40)设于所述第一面(301)与所述壳体(10)之间，另一组所述支撑件(40)设置于所述第二面(302)与所述壳体(10)之间，两组所述支撑件(40)沿所述电极组件(30)在所述高度方向(x)的中轴线对称设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述电池满足：5mm3≤S×D≤42000mm3。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述电池满足：1000mm3≤S×D≤25000mm3。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述电极组件(30)与所述壳体(10)的内壁之间在所述高度方向(x)上具有最大间隙L mm，满足：D＞L。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述支撑件(40)的电阻率从1012Ω·cm到1018Ω·cm。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述支撑件(40)选自膨胀胶纸、膨胀橡胶、软塑料、泡沫中的至少一种。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述第一面(301)沿所述高度方向(x)在所述壳体(10)的内壁的正投影具有面积S0mm2，满足：0.01≤S/S0≤1。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述第二面(302)沿所述高度方向(x)在所述壳体(10)的内壁的正投影具有面积S0mm2，满足：0.01≤S/S0≤1。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，电池满足如下特征中的至少一者：
    d)50≤S≤14000；
    e)0.1≤D≤3；
    f)0＜M≤5。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，在0.5kPa至200kPa的压强范围下，支撑件40的压缩量从0.02mm到2mm。
  15. 一种用电装置，其中，包括权利要求1-14中任一项所述的电池。
PCT/CN2023/142179 2023-08-16 2023-12-27 电池及用电装置 Pending WO2025035681A1 (zh)

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