WO2025018311A1 - 金属複合材料 - Google Patents

金属複合材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025018311A1
WO2025018311A1 PCT/JP2024/025332 JP2024025332W WO2025018311A1 WO 2025018311 A1 WO2025018311 A1 WO 2025018311A1 JP 2024025332 W JP2024025332 W JP 2024025332W WO 2025018311 A1 WO2025018311 A1 WO 2025018311A1
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Prior art keywords
metal
composite material
joint
surface treatment
metal composite
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PCT/JP2024/025332
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
匠 齋藤
耕治 富永
直之 和田
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Asahi Kasei Corp
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Asahi Kasei Corp
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2025534044A priority Critical patent/JPWO2025018311A1/ja
Priority to CN202480031202.4A priority patent/CN121079171A/zh
Publication of WO2025018311A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025018311A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B23K20/08—Explosive welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/16—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal composite material in which a first metal and a second metal are bonded.
  • Metal composite materials made from dissimilar metals with vastly different physical properties such as aluminum and stainless steel, are used in a wide range of applications, including reducing the weight of structures and as joints.
  • metal composite materials made of dissimilar metals with significantly different physical properties using metallurgical methods such as rolling, friction welding, diffusion bonding, and explosive bonding.
  • metal composite materials are obtained by sandwiching an intermediate material between the joining surfaces of either the first metal or the second metal, or both of the metals, and by subjecting the joining surfaces to surface treatment before joining.
  • Patent Document 1 a steel sheet is coated with molten aluminum, heated to 450°C, and then roll-joined by overlapping an aluminum sheet.
  • molten aluminum heated to 450°C
  • thermal load caused by heating during the joining process, which raises concerns that the properties of the materials may change.
  • Patent Document 2 various steel plates and non-ferrous metals are used as substrates, an aluminum undercoat is formed on the surface, and a thin aluminum layer is then formed on top of the undercoat by pressure rolling, thermal spraying, vapor deposition, or hot-dip impregnation plating to obtain a metal composite material.
  • the undercoat formed on the surface of the above-mentioned substrate is coated by either pressure rolling, thermal spraying, or vapor deposition, it cannot be said that it has high bonding strength with the substrate, and therefore there is a concern that the bonding strength of the resulting joint will be lower than the material strength.
  • Patent Document 3 clad materials of aluminum alloy and stainless steel are manufactured by explosive bonding via intermediate materials made of pure aluminum, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, copper, copper alloy, and silver.
  • Patent Document 3 does not mention a method of joining aluminum alloy and stainless steel without using an intermediate material.
  • Patent Document 4 in a clad material of aluminum alloy, silver, and stainless steel, a pure aluminum layer is interposed between the aluminum alloy and silver.
  • Patent Document 4 mentions an explosively bonded product in which a silver or silver alloy layer is interposed between pure aluminum and stainless steel to strengthen the bonding strength.
  • it is necessary to prepare silver or silver alloy with a certain thickness, which increases the number of times explosive bonding is performed, raising concerns about the high cost.
  • Patent No. 1100170 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-058591 Patent No. 6346888 Patent No. 3431358
  • the problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a metal composite material having two or more layers in which a first metal and a second metal are bonded via a surface treatment film without using an intermediate material, and in particular to provide a metal composite material that can avoid thermal load, has excellent strength at the bonded interface, and is low cost.
  • the thickness of the surface treatment film is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the second metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of an aluminum alloy, pure aluminum, a titanium alloy, and titanium, and the first metal is stainless steel or steel.
  • a piping component having a metal joint formed from the metal composite material according to any one of [1] to [10].
  • a cryogenic container having a metal joint formed of the metal composite material according to any one of [1] to [10].
  • a pressure vessel having a metal joint formed of the metal composite material according to any one of [1] to [10].
  • a transportation machinery part having a metal joint formed from the metal composite material according to any one of [1] to [10].
  • a method for producing a metal composite material comprising: a step of performing a surface treatment process on a joining surface of either one or both of a first metal or a second metal, and forming a surface treatment film composed of a metal different from the first metal and the second metal; and a step of joining the first metal and the second metal via the surface treatment film by explosive bonding.
  • the surface treatment film is a plating film.
  • the surface treatment film is a plating film.
  • [3A] The metal composite material according to [2A], wherein the plating film has a linear expansion coefficient of 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 /K or more.
  • [4A] The metal composite material according to [2A] or [3A], wherein the elongation of the plating film is 5% or more.
  • [5A] The metal composite material according to any one of [1] to [4A], wherein the base of the surface treatment film is strike plated or zincated.
  • [6A] The metal composite material according to any one of [1A] to [4A], wherein during the joining process of the first metal and the second metal, there is no temperature load equal to or higher than the recrystallization temperature of these metals as a whole.
  • [7A] The first metal and the second metal are joined by explosive bonding via the surface treatment coating, [1A] to [4A].
  • a further aspect belonging to the technical field of the present invention is as follows.
  • [1B] A dissimilar material joint in which one outermost end is an aluminum alloy and the other outermost end is stainless steel or steel, the aluminum alloy is joined to pure aluminum, and the pure aluminum and the stainless steel or steel are joined via a silver plating film, wherein the joint interface between the aluminum alloy and the pure aluminum and the joint interface between the pure aluminum and the stainless steel or steel are each a wavy joint interface with a wave height of 1 mm or less.
  • the dissimilar material joint according to [1B] having a strike plating layer on the base of the silver plating.
  • [3B] The dissimilar material joint according to [1B] or [2B], wherein the indication patterns detected by JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2 penetrant testing at each joint interface are all 1 mm or less.
  • [4B] The dissimilar material joint according to any one of [1B] to [3B], wherein the dissimilar material joint has a piping shape having a predetermined circumference, and the total length of the indication pattern detected by the penetrant testing at each of the joint interfaces is 3% or less of the circumference.
  • [5B] The dissimilar material joint according to any one of [1B] to [4B], wherein the impact absorption energy in a Charpy impact test according to JIS Z 2242 at each joint interface is 15 J or more.
  • [6B] The dissimilar material joint according to any one of [1B] to [5B], which is for joining aluminum piping and stainless steel piping, and in which an aluminum alloy, pure aluminum, and stainless steel are joined, and the pure aluminum and the stainless steel are joined via a silver plating film.
  • [7B] The dissimilar material joint according to any one of [1B] to [6B], wherein the layers are joined by explosive bonding.
  • the present invention even in the case of a combination of metals that is difficult to join, by using no intermediate material and having a surface treatment coating, it is possible to provide a low-cost metal composite material that has excellent strength at the joining interface and does not require applying a temperature load that exceeds the recrystallization temperature of the metals.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a metal composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the dissimilar material joint of the present embodiment.
  • 1 is a photograph for explaining the definition of wave height at a joint interface.
  • 1 is a photograph illustrating a bonding interface between pure aluminum and stainless steel or steel.
  • 1 is a photograph of an indication pattern in a penetration flaw test.
  • 1 is a photograph for explaining the definition of the break position in a shear test.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dissimilar metal joint according to an embodiment. 1 is a photograph of a dissimilar metal joint of an embodiment after a penetrant test.
  • this embodiment describes in detail an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "this embodiment").
  • this embodiment is a metal composite material having two or more layers, which is composed of a plate 10 of a first metal and a plate 20 of a second metal, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the joining surface of either the first metal or the second metal, or both of the metals has a surface treatment film 30 coated with a thin film of a metal different from the first metal and the second metal.
  • the first metal and the second metal are directly joined via the surface treatment film 30, and the mechanical strength of the joining interface between the first metal and the second metal is higher than the mechanical strength of either the first metal or the second metal.
  • surface treatment processing means applying a coating to the surface of either the first metal plate or the second metal plate, or both metal surfaces, by plating, thermal spraying, or vapor deposition.
  • the "recrystallization temperature” is the temperature at which recrystallization occurs as defined in JIS G 0201. This temperature is significantly affected by the purity or composition of the metal or alloy, the degree of plastic strain in the crystal, the time of overheating, etc., and the physical properties of the metal material change.
  • the recrystallization temperature of A1100-H112 in JIS H 4000 is about 180°C
  • the recrystallization temperature of SUS304L in JIS G 4305 is about 530°C.
  • plating means “electroplating method” as defined in JIS H 0400.
  • electrochemically depositing electrochemically depositing (electrodepositing) a metal on a metal or nonmetal surface.
  • plating film includes not only the film deposited by electroplating as described above, but also an undercoat for improving the adhesive strength of the plating.
  • silver plating refers to silver electroplating having an effective surface thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m or more, which is applied to metal in accordance with JIS H 8621 or an equivalent standard.
  • silver plating film includes not only the film deposited by silver electroplating described above, but also a state including a base of strike plating described below.
  • sike plating refers to plating performed to obtain a thin film of electrodeposited metal to promote the deposition of a plating film performed in a subsequent process as specified in JIS H 0400.
  • zinc treatment refers to a zinc substitution treatment, which is a method of forming a zinc film on the surface of an object by substitution reaction, and is generally performed as a pretreatment when plating aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Even if a different metal is plated after one zincate treatment, the degree of improvement in adhesion is not large. Therefore, double zincate treatment, in which zincate treatment is performed twice, is generally performed.
  • the linear expansion coefficient is measured in accordance with JIS Z 2285, and is a value specific to the material that is determined from the temperature difference of the sample and the amount of change in length of the sample.
  • the linear expansion coefficient of the plating film is preferably 8.0 ⁇ 10 -6 /K or more, and more preferably 8.5 ⁇ 10 -6 /K or more. If the linear expansion coefficient is lower than 8.0 ⁇ 10 -6 /K, cracking and peeling due to heat generated during bonding are likely to occur.
  • the linear expansion coefficient of the plating film is preferably 40.0 ⁇ 10 -6 /K or less.
  • the elongation is determined from the breaking elongation defined in JIS Z 2241.
  • the elongation of the plating film is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more. If the elongation is lower than 5%, cracking and peeling due to plastic deformation caused by pressure generated during bonding are likely to occur.
  • the elongation of the plating film is preferably 60% or less from the viewpoint of bondability to metal.
  • Explosive bonding is a metal joining method that utilizes the high pressure of explosives, and is a technology that can firmly join dissimilar metals in particular.
  • the main feature of this technology is that it can join metal materials with almost no heat load, so it can firmly join combinations of metals that cannot be joined by normal methods.
  • the bonding interface of metals joined by explosive bonding exhibits a unique wavy shape as a mechanism for strong joining.
  • the explosive used in explosive bonding is a type of explosive that generates a detonation wave.
  • an explosive with an explosion speed of 1,000 m/s or more In order to firmly bond metal plates, it is preferable to use an explosive with an explosion speed of 1,000 m/s or more, and in order to obtain a more optimal bonding strength, it is even more preferable to use an explosive with an explosion speed of 1,500 m/s to 3,000 m/s, which is 1/3 to 1/2 the speed of sound.
  • explosives include: Examples of the explosive include ammonium nitrate, nitrate esters such as PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), nitroglycerin, nitro compounds such as TNT (trinitrotoluene), and nitramines such as cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine and cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine. These may be used alone or in combination with other explosive components or other non-explosive components.
  • nitrate esters such as PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate)
  • nitroglycerin nitro compounds
  • TNT trinitrotoluene
  • nitramines such as cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine and cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine.
  • the joint interface between the first metal and the second metal preferably has a wavy shape in cross section.
  • the wave height can be measured by observing the joint cross section using a microscope or a magnifying glass. By having the joint interface have a wavy shape, it is easier to obtain better joint strength.
  • the wave height is preferably 1 mm or less. By having a wave height of 1 mm or less, it is easier to suppress gas leakage when a dissimilar material joint is made.
  • the wave height is preferably 0.8 mm or less, and more preferably 0.5 mm or less.
  • the lower limit is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more. From the viewpoint of joint strength, it is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more.
  • Methods for manufacturing dissimilar metal joints made of dissimilar metal materials include explosive welding, HIP, and brazing. Both ends of the joint material are made of the same material that can be welded, but some joints have a different material inserted between them to make it easier to join the metal materials on both ends and to improve performance.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • shale gas liquefaction and vaporization plants, air separation units, and other facilities have been installed around the world, and these facilities and devices have many joints between dissimilar metals that are exposed to extremely low temperatures.
  • These gas-related facilities require joint materials that are highly reliable even in extremely low temperatures.
  • These gas-related facilities require high joint performance even in extremely low temperatures. Therefore, if the joint interface of the joint material is not in good condition, leakage will occur, and such leakage may reduce the mechanical properties of the joint interface, and may even lead to a major accident.
  • the gas in carriers that transport these gases, the gas is liquefied by cooling it to extremely low temperatures, and then transported in a small volume.
  • This requires cryogenic containers to store the liquefied gas, and joints to join the hull.
  • Moss-type carriers require joints to join the aluminum spherical tanks to the steel hull. If the bonding condition of the bonding interface of these joint materials is poor, peeling will occur, and this peeling will reduce the mechanical properties of the bonding interface, which could result in the spherical tank weighing nearly 1,000 tons falling off, and ultimately leading to a major accident.
  • Patent Document 1 there is a thermal load caused by heating during the joining process, which raises concerns that the properties of the material or the properties of the plating layer or the joining interface may change. Furthermore, there is a concern that the impact absorption energy may decrease.
  • Patent Document 3 does not mention a method for joining aluminum alloy and stainless steel without using an intermediate material.
  • Patent Document 4 As described above, if a silver or silver alloy layer is to be interposed by explosive pressure bonding, silver or a silver alloy having a certain thickness must be prepared, and therefore the number of explosive pressure bonding operations increases. There is a concern that this will be expensive.
  • An object of the second embodiment is to provide a dissimilar metal joint material having an aluminum alloy at one outermost end and stainless steel or steel at the other outermost end, which has no leakage and high joining characteristics even in an extremely low temperature environment, and to provide a method for manufacturing the joint material.
  • the dissimilar material joint related to the second embodiment has no leakage and has high joining characteristics even in extremely low temperature environments.
  • a dissimilar material joint is provided in which one outermost end is an aluminum alloy and the other outermost end is stainless steel or steel, the aluminum alloy is joined to pure aluminum, and the pure aluminum and the stainless steel or steel are joined via a coating (surface treatment coating).
  • cryogenic temperature refers to the extremely low temperatures to which air separation units, which cool, liquefy, and distill air to extract gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen as liquids for use in chemical, steel, and other plants, and natural gas liquefaction units, which liquefy natural gas extracted from gas fields through various processes, are exposed, and also includes temperatures up to 4K (approximately -269°C), the boiling point of helium, which is close to absolute zero (-273.15°C).
  • a first metal 2 and a second metal 3 are joined via a surface treatment film 4 .
  • this embodiment is a dissimilar material joint in which one outermost end is an aluminum alloy 1 and the other outermost end is a stainless steel or steel 2, the aluminum alloy 1 is joined to pure aluminum 3, and a first metal (in one embodiment, the stainless steel or steel 2) and a second metal (in one embodiment, the pure aluminum 3) are joined via a surface treatment film (in one embodiment, a silver plating film 4).
  • the bonding interface between the aluminum alloy 1 and the pure aluminum 3 and the bonding interface between the pure aluminum 3 and the stainless steel or steel 2 are wavy bonding interfaces with a wave height of 1 mm or less.
  • the length of an indication pattern detected by a penetrant test according to JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2 or an equivalent standard at each bonding interface is 1 mm or less.
  • Dissimilar material joints preferably have a "flange" that starts at aluminum alloy, stainless steel, or steel and has a thickness greater than the outer diameter of the pipe.
  • a fillet e.g., reference number 5 in Figure 2
  • an arc radius of 1 mm or more at the start of the flange e.g., reference number 6 in Figure 2
  • stress concentration does not occur when temperature and pressure are applied by the fluid flowing through the joint, which tends to reduce stress overall.
  • the value obtained by dividing the total length of the dissimilar material joint by the length of the flange is 1.5 or more.
  • the vicinity of the joint between the dissimilar metals becomes a structure that can better withstand temperature and pressure loads.
  • the weight of the entire joint is reduced. In other words, the load on the entire device is reduced, and a structure with good workability is achieved.
  • an aluminum alloy be disposed at one outermost end and stainless steel or steel be disposed at the other outermost end.
  • the joint interface between the first metal and the second metal has a wavy shape.
  • the total length of the defect indication pattern in the penetrant inspection is preferably 3% or less of the circumference.
  • this embodiment is a dissimilar metal joint in which a surface treatment coating is provided between a first metal (in one embodiment, stainless steel or steel) and a second metal (in one embodiment, pure aluminum).
  • a surface treatment coating in one embodiment, a silver plating film
  • a flange portion starting from stainless steel or steel and aluminum alloy, it is possible to achieve weight reduction and improved workability while maintaining the performance as a dissimilar material joint.
  • stress concentration at the starting point of the flange can be avoided.
  • the bonding interface between the different metals has a wavy interface, and by controlling the wavelength and wave height of the wavy interface, both high bonding strength and high leak resistance can be obtained.
  • aluminum refers to pure aluminum having alloy numbers 1100, 1080, 1070, 1050 or equivalent in ASME Section II, Part B or JIS standards.
  • An aluminum alloy is an alloy other than the above-mentioned pure aluminum that contains aluminum as its main component and also contains Fe, Mn, Mg, and other components.
  • steel, stainless steel refers to a material that is primarily composed of Fe and is described in ASME Section II, Part A or JIS standards, or that contains equivalent components to those standards.
  • the "wave height" at the joint interface refers to the difference in height from the crest to the valley of the wave, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the wave height refers to the average value of measurements taken at any 10 points on the joint interface on the outer periphery of the joint material using a magnifying glass, calipers, or an electron microscope.
  • the joint interface between pure aluminum 2 and stainless steel or steel 1 is an interface that includes a surface treatment coating (in one embodiment, a silver plating coating 3), and the wave height at the joint interface is measured from the waves formed between pure aluminum 2 and surface treatment coating 3.
  • the penetrant test conforms to JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2 or an equivalent standard, and measures the size and number of detected red indications using a measuring device such as a caliper.
  • indications are red patterns that are visually observed by using the penetrant liquid used in the penetrant test to detect scratches on the material surface, as shown in Figure 5, and the size and number of the detected patterns are measured using a measuring device such as a caliper.
  • the length of each indication is 1 mm or less, or that the total length of the indications is 3% or less of the circumference.
  • the absence of indications also counts as being 1 mm or less.
  • the impact absorption energy is a value obtained from the results of testing using V-notch test pieces according to the Charpy impact test method for metallic materials of JIS Z 2242. In the case of pipe joints, it is preferable that the impact absorption energy is 15 J or more at each joint interface.
  • the leakage amount evaluation test is performed using the vacuum spray method of the helium leakage test method of JIS Z 2331 or an equivalent standard.
  • the dissimilar metal joint of this embodiment can be used not only for the various pipes of air separation units used in the aforementioned chemical, steel, and other plants to extract gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen as liquids, and natural gas liquefaction units that liquefy natural gas extracted from gas fields through various processes, but also for welding and joining aluminum or aluminum alloys to various other metals in building structures and transportation equipment.
  • the bonding interface of metals bonded by explosive bonding exhibits a unique wavy shape as a mechanism for strong bonding.
  • the wave height of the bonding interface can be adjusted by adjusting the energy, amount of explosives, etc., used during explosive bonding.
  • a third embodiment of the present invention will now be described. This embodiment may be implemented in combination with the first embodiment and/or the second embodiment, and some of the components of this embodiment may be implemented in combination with the first embodiment and/or the second embodiment.
  • the surface treatment film is not limited to the specific configurations described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • the surface treatment film according to this embodiment is preferably a plating film, and is preferably made of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of silver, nickel, copper, zinc, platinum, gold, and tin. In either case, the configuration of the present invention can be easily achieved.
  • the thickness of the surface treatment film is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and less than 1000 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the surface treatment film is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, it is easy to ensure sufficient bonding strength between the first metal and the second metal, and therefore the dissimilar material joint is likely to have excellent leak resistance. In addition, if the thickness is less than 1000 ⁇ m, it is preferable because the surface treatment film is easy to form, and it also contributes to weight reduction because the amount of metal used in the intermediate layer can be reduced. A more preferable thickness range is 0.5 to 900 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.5 to 500 ⁇ m. The thickness of the surface treatment film can be detected by observing the cross section of the layer on which the film is formed using an optical microscope, an electron microscope, etc.
  • the first metal is not limited to the specific configurations described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • the first metal according to the present embodiment is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of copper, stainless steel, and steel, but is not limited thereto.
  • the thickness of the first metal is optional and is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of achieving both workability and bonding strength, the thickness is preferably 1 mm or more and 200 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or more and 150 mm or less, and even more preferably 1 mm or more and 100 mm or less. In any configuration, the configuration of the present invention can be easily achieved.
  • a relatively thick metal is sometimes called a "base material” and a relatively thin metal is sometimes called a "clad material.”
  • a first metal may be the base material and a second metal may be the clad material, or a second metal may be the base material and a first metal may be the clad material.
  • the second metal is not limited to the specific configurations described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • the second metal according to this embodiment is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum alloy, pure aluminum, tungsten, titanium alloy, and titanium.
  • the thickness of the second metal is arbitrary and is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of achieving both workability and bonding strength, the thickness is preferably 1 mm or more and 200 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or more and 100 mm or less, and even more preferably 1 mm or more and 50 mm or less. In any configuration, the configuration of the present invention can be easily achieved.
  • the metal composite material has a structure of three or more layers, one outermost end is an aluminum alloy and the other outermost end is stainless steel or steel; It is preferred that the aluminum alloy is bonded to pure aluminum, and that the pure aluminum and the stainless steel or steel are bonded via a surface treatment film, which is preferably a plating film. According to this configuration, the configuration of the present invention can be easily achieved.
  • a further aspect of this embodiment is a dissimilar material joint made of a metal composite material. Since such a dissimilar material joint is made of the metal composite material of this embodiment, the strength of the joint interface is excellent and the joint can be provided at low cost.
  • metal composite material and dissimilar material joints described in the first to third embodiments above can be used in any machinery, device, equipment, buildings, etc. that have a metal joint where different metals are joined.
  • Metal composite materials are advantageous in reducing the weight of structures, and therefore can be suitably used as heat exchangers, heat sinks, welding joint materials, air separation units, chemical tankers, and pressure vessels.
  • Dissimilar material joints are impact resistant and have excellent gas leak resistance, and therefore can be suitably used as piping parts, cryogenic containers for storing liquefied gases, and pressure vessels for high-pressure gases, as well as transportation machinery parts for vehicles, railways, aircraft, etc.
  • the ultrasonic testing was carried out in accordance with the ultrasonic testing method specified in the test method for clad steel in JIS G 0601.
  • the horizontal axis represents the propagation time and the vertical axis represents the sound pressure
  • the bottom echo height was set to 80%, if no defect echo was detected with an interface echo height of 40% or more, it was determined that there was no defect.
  • the linear expansion coefficient was determined in accordance with JIS Z 2285 from a value inherent to the material, which is determined from the temperature difference of the sample and the change in length of the sample.
  • Example 1 The first metal plate was made of stainless steel (JIS G 4305: SUS304L, plate thickness: 50 mm), and the second metal plate was made of industrially pure aluminum (JIS H 4000: A1100P-H112, plate thickness: 12 mm).
  • the first metal plate surface was subjected to strike nickel plating as a base, and then silver plating was applied to perform surface treatment of the joining surface of the first metal plate.
  • Example 2 The first metal plate was made of stainless steel (JIS G 4305: SUS316L, plate thickness: 30 mm), and the second metal plate was made of aluminum alloy (JIS H 4000: A3003P-O, plate thickness: 10 mm). The surface of the second metal plate was subjected to double zincate treatment as a base, and then copper plating was applied to perform surface treatment of the joining surface of the second metal plate.
  • Example 3 A general structural rolled steel material (JIS G 3101: SS400, plate thickness: 5 mm) was used as the first metal plate, and pure tungsten (ASTM B760-07, plate thickness: 1 mm) was used as the second metal plate.
  • the surface of the first metal plate was nickel-plated to perform surface treatment of the joining surface of the first metal plate.
  • Example 4 The first metal plate was made of oxygen-free copper (JIS H 3100: C1020P-1/4H, thickness: 100 mm), and the second metal plate was made of pure aluminum (JIS H 4000: A1050P-H112, thickness: 6 mm). The surface of the second metal plate was subjected to a double zincate treatment as a base, and then to platinum plating, thereby performing a surface treatment of the joining surface of the second metal plate.
  • Example 5 A rolled steel material for welded structures (JIS G 3106: SM400B, plate thickness: 22 mm) was used as the first metal plate, and an aluminum alloy (JIS H 4000: A3003P-O, plate thickness: 13 mm) was used as the second metal plate.
  • the surface of the first metal plate was subjected to nickel strike plating as a base, and then silver plating was applied to perform surface treatment of the joining surface of the first metal plate.
  • a specified gap was provided between the first metal plate, whose surface was coated with a silver plating film, and a powdered explosive, the main component of which was ammonium nitrate, was placed at a specified thickness, and the explosive was detonated with a 6 mm diameter detonator to perform explosive bonding.
  • a powdered explosive the main component of which was ammonium nitrate
  • the first metal plate was stainless steel (JIS G 4305: SUS304L, plate thickness: 20 mm), and the second metal plate was industrially pure titanium (JIS H 4600: TP270C, plate thickness: 2 mm).
  • the first metal plate surface was subjected to nickel strike plating as a base, and then nickel plating was applied to perform surface treatment of the joining surface of the first metal plate.
  • a specified gap was provided between the first metal plate, whose surface was coated with a nickel plating film, and a powdered explosive, the main component of which was ammonium nitrate, was placed at a specified thickness, and the explosive was detonated with a 6 mm diameter detonator to perform explosive bonding.
  • a powdered explosive the main component of which was ammonium nitrate
  • Comparative Example 1 Stainless steel (JIS G 4305: SUS304L, plate thickness: 50 mm) was used as the first metal plate, and industrially pure aluminum (JIS H 4000: A1100P-H112, plate thickness: 12 mm) was used as the second metal plate. A predetermined gap was provided between the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and a powdered explosive mainly composed of ammonium nitrate was placed at a predetermined thickness, and then the explosive was detonated with a 6 mm diameter detonator to perform explosive bonding. As a result, the first metal plate and the second metal plate could be joined. However, as a result of an ultrasonic flaw detection test (JIS G 0601, bottom echo method), the joining range was determined to be 30% of the total.
  • JIS G 0601 bottom echo method
  • Comparative Example 2 A general structural rolled steel material (JIS G 3101: SS400, plate thickness: 5 mm) was used as the first metal plate, and pure tungsten (ASTM B760-07, plate thickness: 1 mm) was used as the second metal plate.
  • a predetermined gap was provided between the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and a powdered explosive mainly composed of ammonium nitrate was placed at a predetermined thickness, and then the explosive was detonated with a 6 mm diameter detonator to perform explosive bonding.
  • a powdered explosive mainly composed of ammonium nitrate was placed at a predetermined thickness, and then the explosive was detonated with a 6 mm diameter detonator to perform explosive bonding.
  • the first metal plate and the second metal plate could be joined.
  • many cracks were observed on the surface of the pure tungsten, which is the second metal plate, and thus it was not usable as a product.
  • a shear test could not be performed.
  • Example 1A A three-layer clad consisting of aluminum alloy (JIS H 4000: A5083P-O, plate thickness: 50 mm), pure aluminum (JIS H 4000: A1100P-H112, plate thickness: 12 mm), and stainless steel (JIS G 4305: SUS304L, plate thickness: 50 mm) was produced by explosive bonding.
  • the stainless steel was subjected to nickel strike plating (thickness: 1 ⁇ m) as a base on the surface, and then silver plating (thickness: 50 ⁇ m) was applied, after which explosive bonding was performed.
  • a helium leak test was performed on the obtained joint according to JIS Z 2331 "Helium Leak Test Method," and the result was 0.9 ⁇ 10 -10 Pa ⁇ m 3 /sec (room temperature), which means that it was found to have excellent leak resistance.
  • a penetrant test was also performed on the entire outer peripheral surface according to JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2, and the length or diameter of the detected indication pattern was measured, but no indication pattern was detected, as shown in FIG. 8.
  • Charpy impact test specimens were prepared and cooled to -196°C (liquid nitrogen) and subjected to impact tests. As a result, absorbed energy values of 54 J were obtained at the bonding interface between the aluminum alloy and pure aluminum, and 57 J were obtained at the bonding interface between the pure aluminum and stainless steel.
  • Example 2A A three-layer clad consisting of an aluminum alloy (ASME SB-209 3003-O, plate thickness: 50 mm), pure aluminum (ASME SB-209 1100-H112, plate thickness: 12 mm), and stainless steel (ASME SA-240 Type 316L, plate thickness: 50 mm) was produced by explosive bonding.
  • the stainless steel surface was nickel-strike plated (thickness: 1 ⁇ m) as a base, and then silver-plated (thickness: 400 ⁇ m) before explosive bonding.
  • the wavelength and wave height of the joint interface were 252 ⁇ m and 81 ⁇ m, respectively, at the joint interface between the aluminum alloy and pure aluminum, and 640 and 42 ⁇ m, respectively, at the joint interface between pure aluminum and stainless steel.
  • Example 3A A four-layer clad consisting of aluminum alloy (JIS H 4000: A5083P-O, plate thickness: 40 mm), pure aluminum (JIS H 4000: A1100P-H112, plate thickness: 12 mm), pure titanium (JIS H 4600: TP270C, plate thickness: 2 mm), and stainless steel (JIS G 4305: SUS304L, plate thickness: 30 mm) was produced by explosive pressure bonding.
  • the stainless steel was subjected to nickel strike plating (thickness: 1 ⁇ m) as a base on the surface, and then nickel plating (thickness: 50 ⁇ m) was applied, after which explosive pressure bonding was performed.
  • the wavelength and wave height of the joint interface were 711 ⁇ m and 255 ⁇ m at the joint interface between the aluminum alloy and pure aluminum, 958 ⁇ m and 99 ⁇ m at the joint interface between the pure aluminum and pure titanium, and 498 ⁇ m and 113 ⁇ m at the joint interface between the pure titanium and stainless steel.
  • JIS Z 2331 Helium Leak Test Method
  • a penetrant test was performed on the entire outer peripheral surface in accordance with JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2, and the length or diameter of any indication pattern detected was measured, but no indication pattern was detected.
  • a Charpy impact test piece was prepared in accordance with JIS Z 2242, and cooled to -196°C (liquid nitrogen), and an impact test was performed.
  • the absorbed energy values were 51 J at the joint interface between the aluminum alloy and pure aluminum, 55 J at the joint interface between pure aluminum and pure titanium, and 119 J at the joint interface between pure titanium and stainless steel.
  • Example 4A A three-layer clad consisting of an aluminum alloy (JIS H 4000: A3003P-O, plate thickness: 13 mm), pure titanium (JIS H 4600: TP270C, plate thickness: 2 mm), and stainless steel (JIS G 4305: SUS304L, plate thickness: 22 mm) was produced by explosive bonding.
  • the stainless steel was subjected to nickel strike plating (thickness: 1 ⁇ m) as a base on the surface, and then nickel plating (thickness: 200 ⁇ m) was applied, after which explosive bonding was performed.
  • Ultrasonic flaw detection tests were performed on this clad according to JIS G 0601, and a joint material with a thickness of 9 mm x 250 mm was cut out with a band saw from the position where the joint was confirmed.
  • the cut surface of the outer periphery of the joint material was polished to perform a surface finish.
  • the wavelength and wave height of the joint interface were 812 ⁇ m and 116 ⁇ m, respectively, at the joint interface between the aluminum alloy and pure titanium, and 623 ⁇ m and 145 ⁇ m, respectively, at the joint interface between the pure titanium and stainless steel.
  • a penetrant test was performed on the entire surface in accordance with JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2, and the length or diameter of the detected indication pattern was measured, but no indication pattern was detected.
  • a Charpy impact test piece was prepared in accordance with JIS Z 2242, and cooled to -196°C (liquid nitrogen), and an impact test was performed.
  • the absorbed energy value was 48 J at the joint interface between the aluminum alloy and pure titanium, and 106 J at the joint interface between the pure titanium and stainless steel.
  • Comparative Example 1A A three-layer clad consisting of an aluminum alloy (JIS H 4000: A5083P-O, plate thickness: 50 mm), industrial pure aluminum (JIS H 4000: A1100P-H112, plate thickness: 12 mm), and stainless steel (JIS G 4305: SUS304L, plate thickness: 50 mm) was produced by explosive bonding. An ultrasonic flaw detection test was performed on this clad in accordance with JIS G 0601, and a Charpy impact test piece was prepared from the position where the joining was confirmed in accordance with JIS Z 2242, and cooled to -196 ° C (liquid nitrogen).
  • JIS H 4000: A5083P-O plate thickness: 50 mm
  • industrial pure aluminum JIS H 4000: A1100P-H112, plate thickness: 12 mm
  • stainless steel JIS G 4305: SUS304L, plate thickness: 50 mm
  • Comparative Example 2A A three-layer clad consisting of an aluminum alloy (JIS H 4000: A5083P-O, plate thickness: 50 mm), pure aluminum (JIS H 4000: A1100P-H112, plate thickness: 12 mm), and stainless steel (JIS G 4305: SUS304L, plate thickness: 50 mm) was produced by explosive bonding.
  • the surface of the pure aluminum was subjected to double zincate treatment as a base, and then copper plating (thickness: 50 ⁇ m) was applied, after which explosive bonding was performed.
  • This clad was subjected to ultrasonic testing in accordance with JIS G 0601, and a Charpy impact test piece was prepared from the position where the bonding was confirmed in accordance with JIS Z 2242, cooled at -196°C (liquid nitrogen), and subjected to an impact test.
  • the absorbed energy values were 6.3 J at the bonding interface between the aluminum alloy and pure aluminum (fracture position was the bonding interface between pure aluminum and stainless steel), and 3.3 J at the bonding interface between pure aluminum and stainless steel. In other words, it was confirmed that this clad falls outside the range of a preferred embodiment of this embodiment.
  • the length of the indication pattern was a maximum of 1.8 mm, and the total length of the indication pattern was 25% of the circumference.
  • the present invention by using a surface-treated coating instead of an intermediate material to bond metal composite materials made of metals that are difficult to bond, a strongly bonded metal composite material can be obtained at low cost. Therefore, the present invention is extremely useful industrially.
  • the metal composite material of the present invention may be applicable to reducing the weight of structures, and to heat exchangers, heat sinks, welding joint materials, air separation units, chemical tankers, pressure vessels, piping parts, cryogenic vessels, transport machinery parts, and the like.
  • the applicability of the present invention is not limited to these.
  • the medium is often high pressure and a hazardous substance, so that damage to these components may cause not only economic losses but also human damage. Therefore, if the joint state of the dissimilar material joint is poor and the joint performance is low, cracks may occur and progress due to changes over time, unexpected stress concentration, heat cycles, etc., which may lead to the above-mentioned problems.
  • the welding joint material related to the second embodiment can exhibit high reliability and high joint performance even in cryogenic environments such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, and liquid helium. Therefore, it can be suitably used in equipment and devices that require cryogenic environments and/or high vacuum performance.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the amount of expensive silver used as an intermediate material in the past can be reduced, and further, the joining process required in the conventional joining method can be reduced, so that according to the present invention, costs can be significantly reduced compared to the past.

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS507545B1 (https=) * 1970-08-07 1975-03-26
JPS5310347A (en) * 1976-07-16 1978-01-30 Asahi Chemical Ind Method of producing titanium clad steel plate
JPH1058591A (ja) 1996-08-15 1998-03-03 Daido Steel Co Ltd アルミクラッド金属板とその製造方法
JPH11170A (ja) 1996-03-12 1999-01-06 Human Genome Sci Inc デスドメイン含有受容体
JP3431358B2 (ja) 1995-07-24 2003-07-28 旭化成株式会社 継 手
WO2014178315A1 (ja) * 2013-04-28 2014-11-06 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 異材継手

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS507545B1 (https=) * 1970-08-07 1975-03-26
JPS5310347A (en) * 1976-07-16 1978-01-30 Asahi Chemical Ind Method of producing titanium clad steel plate
JP3431358B2 (ja) 1995-07-24 2003-07-28 旭化成株式会社 継 手
JPH11170A (ja) 1996-03-12 1999-01-06 Human Genome Sci Inc デスドメイン含有受容体
JPH1058591A (ja) 1996-08-15 1998-03-03 Daido Steel Co Ltd アルミクラッド金属板とその製造方法
WO2014178315A1 (ja) * 2013-04-28 2014-11-06 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 異材継手
JP6346888B2 (ja) 2013-04-28 2018-06-20 旭化成株式会社 異材継手

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