WO2025009240A1 - ステンレス鋼と銅または銅合金との接合方法、ならびに、ステンレス鋼と銅または銅合金との接合体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents

ステンレス鋼と銅または銅合金との接合方法、ならびに、ステンレス鋼と銅または銅合金との接合体およびその製造方法 Download PDF

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WO2025009240A1
WO2025009240A1 PCT/JP2024/014175 JP2024014175W WO2025009240A1 WO 2025009240 A1 WO2025009240 A1 WO 2025009240A1 JP 2024014175 W JP2024014175 W JP 2024014175W WO 2025009240 A1 WO2025009240 A1 WO 2025009240A1
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Prior art keywords
copper
stainless steel
joining
copper alloy
alloy
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PCT/JP2024/014175
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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大樹 星
修司 西田
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Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社
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Priority to JP2024542422A priority Critical patent/JPWO2025009240A1/ja
Publication of WO2025009240A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025009240A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
    • C22C11/06—Alloys based on lead with tin as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C12/00—Alloys based on antimony or bismuth
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
    • C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for joining stainless steel to copper or a copper alloy, as well as a joined body of stainless steel to copper or a copper alloy and a method for producing the same.
  • Stainless steel is a material with excellent corrosion resistance, and is widely used in the form of steel plates and pipes for various heat exchangers in automobiles, air conditioners, etc. Copper is also a material with excellent thermal conductivity, and is widely used in the form of copper plates and copper pipes for various heat exchangers.
  • brazing is often used to join parts together when manufacturing heat exchangers.
  • the main brazing methods used in the heat exchanger manufacturing process are furnace brazing, in which parts are heated in an atmospheric furnace to join multiple parts at the same time, and torch brazing, in which the joint is heated with a torch in the atmosphere to join at a single point.
  • furnace brazing in which parts are heated in an atmospheric furnace to join multiple parts at the same time
  • torch brazing in which the joint is heated with a torch in the atmosphere to join at a single point.
  • the appropriate technique is used depending on the product part and assembly stage.
  • phosphorus copper brazing material When brazing copper or copper alloys together, it is common to use phosphorus copper brazing material as the joining metal (brazing material). However, when phosphorus copper brazing material is used as the joining metal when brazing stainless steel to copper or copper alloys, an embrittlement layer forms at the interface between the stainless steel and the joining metal. As a result, the joining metal peels off from the stainless steel, and a joint between stainless steel and copper or copper alloy cannot be obtained.
  • silver solder is generally used as the joining metal when brazing stainless steel to copper or copper alloys.
  • silver solder is expensive.
  • the stainless steel is exposed to high temperatures due to the heating from the torch. This causes a thick oxide film to form on the surface of the stainless steel, which inhibits the spreading of the solder.
  • Patent Document 1 states: "A method for joining copper or a copper alloy with an austenitic steel alloy, which comprises placing at least one intermediate layer between the joining surfaces of the objects to be joined, pressing the joining surfaces including the respective intermediate layers together, and heating at least the joining area to form a diffusion bond, characterized in that a first intermediate layer (3) is placed in contact with or against the joining surface of the steel object (2) to primarily prevent nickel loss from the steel object (2), and at least one second intermediate layer (4) is placed in contact with or against the joining surface of the copper object (1) to activate the formation of the diffusion bond.” has been disclosed.
  • Patent Document 2 A method for joining stainless steel to an object to be joined to the stainless steel, the method comprising the steps of: bringing a bonding agent made of solder and a bonding metal into contact between the stainless steel and the object to be joined; and carrying out a heat treatment while bringing the bonding agent into contact with the stainless steel and the object to be joined.” has been disclosed.
  • Patent Document 1 provides an intermediate layer of nickel or the like between the joining surfaces of stainless steel and copper or copper alloy.
  • the technology described in Patent Document 2 provides a joining metal, specifically nickel foil or nickel particles, in addition to solder between the joining surfaces of stainless steel and copper or copper alloy.
  • both of the technologies in Patent Documents 1 and 2 require the use of expensive nickel. Also, the increase in the number of manufacturing steps reduces productivity.
  • the present invention has been developed in view of the above-mentioned current situation, and has an object to provide a method for joining stainless steel to copper or a copper alloy that can be carried out in the atmosphere, is low-cost, and is simple. Another object of the present invention is to provide a joined body of stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy, and a method for producing the same.
  • Sn alloy solder
  • one of the factors that makes it difficult to braze stainless steel to copper or copper alloys is the formation of an oxide film on the surface of the stainless steel.
  • This oxide film reduces the wettability and spreadability of the joining metals.
  • the joining is achieved by the component elements of the joining metals diffusing slightly at the interface between the base materials and bonding.
  • the above-mentioned oxide film prevents the diffusion of the component elements of the joining metals.
  • Sn alloys have a lower melting point than silver brazing and the like. They are also advantageous in terms of cost. For these reasons, the inventors have concluded that it is desirable to use Sn alloys as the joining metal when joining stainless steel to copper or copper alloy in the atmosphere.
  • the inventors used a Sn alloy as the joining metal, and joined stainless steel to copper or a copper alloy under various conditions in the atmosphere, and obtained the following findings.
  • the inventors have further investigated the matter, and as a result, have come to the following findings.
  • Sn or an Sn alloy containing 40 mass% or more of Sn is used as the joining metal, and the copper or copper alloy of the materials to be joined is heated, and the joining metal is melted while the stainless steel is heated by heat transfer from the copper or copper alloy.
  • the maximum temperature reached by the stainless steel is set to 350°C or less, and the residence time of the stainless steel in a temperature range of 150°C or more is controlled to 5 seconds to 5 minutes. This allows the joining metal to spread sufficiently, and prevents the formation of a thick oxide film on the surface of the stainless steel, thereby joining the stainless steel and the copper or copper alloy.
  • the inventors also attempted to use a heating device with a heat generating part, such as a soldering iron, instead of torch brazing to heat and melt the joining metal Sn alloy, thereby joining stainless steel to copper or copper alloy.
  • a heating device with a heat generating part such as a soldering iron
  • the Sn alloy did not wet and spread sufficiently, making it impossible to join the stainless steel to the copper or copper alloy.
  • a thick oxide film formed on the surface of the stainless steel making it impossible to join the stainless steel to the copper or copper alloy in some cases.
  • the inventors conducted further experiments and studies and obtained the following findings. That is, it is important to appropriately control the heating position, particularly the contact position between the heating part of the heating device and the workpiece in the direction perpendicular to the joining (hereinafter also simply referred to as the contact position) according to the thermal conductivity of the copper or copper alloy used for the workpiece.
  • the contact position is defined as the reference position (0 mm) at the overlapping end where the joining metal starts to flow into the overlapping surfaces of the workpieces, the stainless steel side is +, and the copper or copper alloy side is -. If the thermal conductivity of copper or copper alloy is 250 W/mK or more, the range is from over 0 mm to +15 mm.
  • the thermal conductivity of copper or copper alloy is less than 250 W/mK, it is important to keep the range from -15 mm to +15 mm. In this case, it is also important to keep the maximum temperature of the stainless steel at 250°C or less and to control the residence time of the stainless steel in a temperature range of 100°C or more to 5 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less. By simultaneously satisfying these conditions, the joining metal spreads sufficiently, and the formation of a thick oxide film on the surface of the stainless steel is prevented, and the stainless steel and copper or copper alloy are joined.
  • the present invention was completed based on the above findings and through further investigation.
  • the gist and configuration of the present invention are as follows. 1.
  • a joining process is performed to join a joined material, which is a combination of stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy, with a joining metal,
  • the joining metal is Sn or a Sn alloy having a Sn content of 40 mass% or more
  • the copper is heated by a heating device, and the stainless steel is heated by heat transfer from the copper or copper alloy, while the joining metal is melted to join the stainless steel and the copper or copper alloy;
  • the maximum temperature of the stainless steel is 350° C. or less, and
  • the residence time of the stainless steel in a temperature range of 150° C. or higher is 5 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less.
  • a method for joining stainless steel to copper or copper alloy is performed to join a joined material, which is a combination of stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy, with a joining metal,
  • the joining metal is Sn or a Sn alloy having a Sn content of 40 mass% or more
  • the copper is heated by a heating
  • a joining process is included in which the joined materials, which are made of stainless steel and copper or copper alloy, are joined together with a joining metal,
  • the joining metal is Sn or a Sn alloy having a Sn content of 40 mass% or more
  • the heat generating part is brought into contact with the workpiece to be joined, thereby melting the joining metal and joining the stainless steel and the copper or copper alloy;
  • the contact position between the heat generating portion and the workpieces in the direction perpendicular to the joining is determined by setting the overlapping end portion, which is the starting point of pouring the joining metal into the overlapping surfaces of the workpieces, as the reference position (0 mm), the stainless steel side as +, and the copper or copper alloy side as -.
  • the thickness is in the range of more than 0 mm to +15 mm;
  • the thermal conductivity of the copper or copper alloy is less than 250 W/mK, the range is ⁇ 15 mm to +15 mm;
  • the maximum temperature of the stainless steel is 250° C. or less, and
  • the residence time of the stainless steel in a temperature range of 100° C. or higher is 5 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less.
  • a joint between stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy which is formed by joining stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy using the method for joining stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy described in any one of 1 to 4 above.
  • a method for manufacturing a joined body of stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy in which stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy are joined by the method for joining stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy described in any one of 1 to 4 above.
  • the present invention provides a low-cost, simple method for joining stainless steel to copper or copper alloys that can be carried out in the atmosphere.
  • the joined bodies obtained using the joining method of the present invention can be manufactured at lower cost than when silver brazing is used, making it extremely advantageous to apply it to the joining target parts between stainless steel and copper or copper alloys in various devices, such as gas water heaters and cold water/hot water supply piping.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a positional relationship in a bonding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a positional relationship in a bonding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a bonded body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a bonded body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is an example of an optical microscope photograph of a cross section of a bonded portion in a bonded body (an example of a cross section of a bonded portion in Test No. 1-2 in Example 1).
  • 1 is an example of an optical microscope photograph of a cross section of a bonded portion in a bonded body (an example of a cross section of a bonded portion in Test No. 3-2 in Example 3).
  • the bonding method includes the steps of: A joining process is performed by joining a joined material, which is a laminate of stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy, with a joining metal,
  • the joining metal is Sn or a Sn alloy having a Sn content of 40 mass% or more
  • the copper or copper alloy is heated by a heating device, and the joining metal is melted while the stainless steel is heated by heat transfer from the copper or copper alloy to join the stainless steel and the copper or copper alloy;
  • the maximum temperature of the stainless steel is 350° C. or less, and
  • the residence time of the stainless steel in a temperature range of 150° C. or higher is 5 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less. It is something.
  • the bonding method includes the steps of: A joining process is performed by joining a joined material, which is a laminate of stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy, with a joining metal,
  • the joining metal is Sn or a Sn alloy having a Sn content of 40 mass% or more
  • the joining step Using a heating device having a heat generating part, the heat generating part is brought into contact with the workpiece to be joined, thereby melting the joining metal and joining the stainless steel and the copper or copper alloy;
  • the contact position between the heat generating portion and the workpiece in the direction perpendicular to the joining is determined by setting the overlapping end portion, which is the starting point of pouring the joining metal into the overlapping surfaces of the workpiece, as the reference position (0 mm), the stainless steel side as +, and the copper or copper alloy side as -.
  • the thickness is in the range of more than 0 mm to +15 mm;
  • the thermal conductivity of the copper or copper alloy is less than 250 W/mK, the range is ⁇ 15 mm to +15 mm;
  • the maximum temperature of the stainless steel is 250° C. or less, and
  • the residence time of the stainless steel in a temperature range of 100° C. or higher is 5 seconds or more and 5 minutes or less. It is something.
  • the reference position is the copper end.
  • the reference position is the stainless steel end.
  • the contact position is the surface of the workpiece on which copper or copper alloy is located (the top surface of the workpiece in FIG. 1, hereinafter also referred to as the copper side surface of the workpiece).
  • the contact position is the surface of the workpiece on which stainless steel is located (the top surface of the workpiece in FIG. 2, hereinafter also referred to as the stainless steel side surface of the workpiece).
  • X direction welding progress direction
  • Y direction welding perpendicular direction (direction perpendicular to the welding progress direction (X direction) and perpendicular to the thickness direction (Z direction) described later)
  • Z direction the thickness direction of the joined material (joined body) (hereinafter, also simply referred to as the thickness direction).
  • any description that does not specifically specify whether it is the joining method according to the first or second embodiment relates to both the joining methods according to the first and second embodiments.
  • Stainless steel Stainless steel is a material to be joined (the base material of the joined body after joining), and its shape is a plate (stainless steel plate) or a tube (stainless steel tube).
  • the plate shape here includes not only a flat plate but also a curved plate (curved plate).
  • the thickness of the stainless steel is more preferably 0.2 mm or more, and even more preferably 0.3 mm or more.
  • the thickness of the stainless steel is more preferably 1.0 mm or less.
  • the size of the plate there are no particular limitations on the size of the plate.
  • the size be 10 mm square or more. More preferably, it is 30 mm square or more.
  • the size of the tube (outer diameter and length).
  • the outer diameter of the tube is at least four times the tube thickness (wall thickness). It is also preferable that the outer diameter of the tube is at least 5 mm. It is preferable that the outer diameter of the tube is no more than 500 mm.
  • the length of the tube is preferably at least 10 mm, and more preferably at least 30 mm.
  • the composition of the stainless steel is not particularly limited, and may be any of the general components of stainless steel.
  • it may be an iron-based alloy containing 10.5 mass% or more of Cr and 50 mass% or more of Fe.
  • austenitic stainless steel plates, austenitic-ferritic stainless steel plates, ferritic stainless steel plates, martensitic stainless steel plates, and precipitation hardened stainless steel plates, as defined in JIS G 4305:2021, and processed products thereof may be used.
  • stainless steel sanitary pipes stainless steel pipes for general piping, stainless steel pipes for piping, and stainless steel pipes for boilers and heat exchangers, as defined in JIS G 3447:2015, JIS G 3448:2016, JIS G 3459:2021, JIS G 3463:2019, and JIS G 3468:2021, and processed products thereof may be used.
  • the stainless steel sheet may have a variety of surface finishes, including No. 2B finish (annealed, pickled, skin pass finish), No. 2D finish (annealed, pickled finish), No. 4 finish (polished finish), No. 8 finish (mirror polished finish), BA finish (bright annealed finish), HL (hairline) finish, dull finish, embossed finish, and blast finish.
  • Copper or copper alloy Copper or copper alloy to be joined is in the form of a plate (copper plate or copper alloy plate) or a tube (copper tube or copper alloy tube).
  • the plate-like shape includes not only flat plates but also curved plates (curved plates).
  • the thickness (plate thickness or tube thickness) of copper or copper alloy is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 mm or more from the viewpoint of heat transfer during joining.
  • the thickness of copper or copper alloy is more preferably 0.3 mm or more, and even more preferably 0.5 mm or more.
  • the thickness of copper or copper alloy is preferably 4.0 mm or less, more preferably 2.0 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.0 mm or less.
  • the thickness of copper or copper alloy is more preferably 2.0 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.0 mm or less.
  • the size of the plate there are no particular limitations on the size of the plate.
  • the size be 10 mm square or more. More preferably, it is 30 mm square or more.
  • the outer diameter of the tube is at least four times the tube thickness (wall thickness). It is also preferable that the outer diameter of the tube is at least 5 mm. It is preferable that the outer diameter of the tube is no more than 500 mm.
  • the length of the tube is preferably at least 10 mm, and more preferably at least 30 mm.
  • the copper or copper alloy referred to here includes so-called pure copper consisting of Cu and unavoidable impurities, as well as copper alloys containing 50% by mass or more of Cu.
  • various copper or copper alloy sheets and strips including oxygen-free copper, tough pitch copper, phosphorus-deoxidized copper, brass, free-cutting brass, and red brass, as specified in JIS H 3100:2018, as well as processed products thereof, can be used.
  • copper alloy sheets and strips, such as phosphorus bronze and nickel silver, as specified in JIS H 3110:2018, as well as processed products thereof can also be used.
  • the thermal conductivity of oxygen-free copper and tough pitch copper is 391 W/mK.
  • the thermal conductivity of phosphorus-deoxidized copper is 339 to 381 W/mK.
  • the thermal conductivity of brass and free-cutting brass is 117 to 121 W/mK.
  • the thermal conductivity of red brass is 138 to 234 W/mK.
  • the thermal conductivity of phosphor bronze is 58 to 201 W/mK.
  • the thermal conductivity of nickel silver is 29 to 46 W/mK.
  • plate-shaped products for example, copper or copper alloy plates with various surface finishes such as HL (hairline) finish, matte finish, blast finish, and hammered finish can be used.
  • tubular products for example, seamless pipes and welded pipes made of copper or copper alloys as specified in JIS H 3300:2018 and JIS H 3320:2006, and processed products thereof can be used.
  • the joining metal is Sn or an Sn alloy with Sn content of 40% by mass or more.
  • the Sn content of the joining metal is less than 40% by mass, the amount of heat required to melt the joining metal increases. As a result, the joining metal is not melted sufficiently, and the stainless steel and the copper or copper alloy are not joined. Therefore, the joining metal is Sn or an Sn alloy with Sn content of 40% by mass or more.
  • the Sn content of the joining metal is preferably 90% by mass or more.
  • the Sn content of the joining metal is preferably 99.5% by mass or less, more preferably 97% by mass or less.
  • solder An example of an Sn alloy with a Sn content of 40% by mass or more is solder.
  • solders with a Sn content of 40% by mass or more among the solders described in JIS Z 3282:2017 can be preferably used.
  • the joining metal may contain flux (so-called rosin-cored solder may also be used).
  • Sn alloy examples include Sn-Ag alloy
  • Ag 4.5 to 5.5 mass %, with the remainder being Sn and unavoidable impurities.
  • Sn-Cu alloy Cu: 2.0 to 4.0 mass %, with the balance being Sn and unavoidable impurities.
  • Sn-Sb alloy Sb: 4.0 to 6.0 mass %, with the balance being Sn and unavoidable impurities.
  • Sn-Ag-Cu alloy It contains 0.5 to 4.5 mass % Ag, 0.2 to 1.0 mass % Cu, and the balance being Sn and unavoidable impurities.
  • (Sn-Pb alloy) Pb 3.0 to 60.0 mass %, with the balance being Sn and unavoidable impurities.
  • (Sn-Ag-Bi-Cu alloy) It contains 2.0 to 3.0 mass % Ag, 0.5 to 1.5 mass % Bi, and 0.2 to 1.0 mass % Cu, with the balance being Sn and unavoidable impurities.
  • (Sn-In-Ag-Bi alloy) It contains 3.0 to 9.0 mass % In, 3.0 to 4.0 mass % Ag, and 0.2 to 1.0 mass % Bi, with the balance being Sn and unavoidable impurities.
  • (Sn-Zn-Bi alloy) It contains 7.0 to 9.0 mass % Zn, 2.5 to 3.5 mass % Bi, and the balance being Sn and unavoidable impurities.
  • (Sn-Bi alloy) The alloy contains 55.0 to 60.0 mass % Bi, with the balance being Sn and unavoidable impurities.
  • (Sn-In alloy) The alloy contains 50.0 to 55.0 mass % In, with the remainder being Sn and unavoidable impurities.
  • the remainder of the joining metal other than Sn contains 60 mass% or less of metal elements such as Ag, Cu, Sb, Pb, Bi, In, and Zn (hereinafter also referred to as metal elements other than Sn).
  • the content of metal elements other than Sn is preferably 10 mass% or less.
  • the metal elements other than Sn do not include Ni.
  • the content of metal elements other than Sn is preferably 0.5 mass% or more, more preferably 3.0 mass% or more.
  • each metal element other than Sn is, for example, Ag: 5.5 mass% or less, Cu: 4.0 mass% or less, Sb: 6.0 mass% or less, Pb: 60 mass% or less, Bi: 60 mass% or less, In: 55 mass% or less, and Zn: 10.0 mass% or less. More details are as described above.
  • Inevitable impurities contained in the joining metal include elements such as Pb, Sb, Bi, Cd, Cu, Au, In, Ag, Al, As, Cd, Fe, Ni, Zn, Ge, P, and Ga, and it is acceptable if the total content of these elements is 2.0 mass% or less. Inevitable impurities may be 0 mass%. In addition, elements that are actively added to the joining metal are not treated as inevitable impurities.
  • the melting point of the joining metal is preferably 100 to 320° C.
  • the melting point of the joining metal is preferably 100°C or higher, more preferably 190°C or higher. Also, the melting point of the joining metal is preferably 320°C or lower, more preferably 300°C or lower.
  • the melting point of the joining metal is preferably 100°C or higher.
  • the melting point of the joining metal is preferably 320°C or lower, more preferably 250°C or lower, and even more preferably 240°C or lower.
  • the joined materials which are overlapping stainless steel and copper or copper alloy (hereinafter, in the explanation of the joining step of the joining method according to the first and second embodiments, copper and copper alloy are collectively referred to simply as copper), are joined by a joining metal as shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. Then, at this time, the copper of the joined materials is heated, and while the stainless steel is heated by heat transfer from the copper, the joining metal is melted to join the stainless steel and the copper.
  • Part heated by heating device copper
  • the joining method according to the first embodiment it is important to heat copper, one of the materials to be joined, by a heating device, and melt the joining metal while heating the stainless steel by heat transfer from the copper, thereby joining the stainless steel and the copper.
  • the heating metal is the copper of the materials to be joined.
  • copper and copper alloys are collectively referred to simply as copper in the examples described below.
  • the heated portion being copper means the following.
  • the heated point is copper means that, in the direction perpendicular to the joining, the end of the stainless steel is the reference position (0 mm), the stainless steel side is +, and the copper side is -, the heated position is less than 0 mm, and stainless steel is not included in the heated area.
  • the heated point is copper means that in the direction perpendicular to the joining, the end of the stainless steel is the reference position (0 mm), the stainless steel side is +, and the copper side is -, the heated position is less than L (overlapping width) mm, and stainless steel is not included in the heated area.
  • the heating position here refers to the center position of the heating area in the direction perpendicular to the joint.
  • the heating position in the direction perpendicular to the joining in accordance with the above-mentioned joining conditions as follows.
  • the copper steel end is set as the reference position (0 mm), and the range from -(L+100) mm to -L mm on the upper surface of the copper (joining condition 1-b)
  • the copper steel end is set as the reference position (0 mm), and the range from -(L+100) mm to -(L+10) mm on the bottom surface of the copper (joining condition 2-a)
  • the stainless steel end is set as the reference position (0 mm), and the range from -100 mm to -10 mm on the upper surface of the copper is used (Joining condition 2-b).
  • the stainless steel end is set as the reference position (0 mm), and the range from -100 mm to 0 mm on the bottom surface of the copper
  • Maximum temperature of stainless steel 350°C or less
  • the maximum temperature of the stainless steel is set to 350°C or less.
  • the maximum temperature of the stainless steel is preferably 300°C or less. There is no particular limit to the lower limit of the maximum temperature of the stainless steel.
  • the maximum temperature of the stainless steel is, for example, preferably 200°C or more, more preferably 250°C or more.
  • Residence time of stainless steel in a temperature range of 150°C or more (hereinafter also referred to as residence time of stainless steel at 150°C or more): 5 seconds to 5 minutes
  • residence time of stainless steel at 150°C or more 5 seconds to 5 minutes
  • the residence time of the stainless steel at 150°C or more is 5 seconds to 5 minutes (300 seconds) or less.
  • the residence time of the stainless steel at 150°C or more is preferably 15 seconds or more.
  • the residence time of the stainless steel at 150° C. or higher is preferably 3 minutes (180 seconds) or less, and more preferably 1 minute (60 seconds) or less.
  • the entire surface of the stainless steel may be measured, for example, using a thermograph.
  • the surface temperature of the stainless steel near the heating area may be measured using a thermocouple.
  • the copper end is set as the reference position (0 mm) and the surface temperature of the first surface of the stainless steel (the top surface of the stainless steel in Figure 1) is measured at a position from 0 mm (the copper end) to +20 mm in the direction perpendicular to the joint.
  • the stainless steel end is set as the reference position (0 mm) and the surface temperature of the second surface of the stainless steel (the top surface of the stainless steel in Figure 2) is measured at a position from 0 mm (the stainless steel end) to +20 mm in the direction perpendicular to the joint.
  • the temperature measurement position can be determined from the above positions depending on the structure of the materials being joined.
  • the first surface of the stainless steel is the surface of the stainless steel that overlaps with the copper (where the copper is placed)
  • the second surface of the stainless steel is the surface of the stainless steel opposite the side that overlaps with the copper.
  • the measurement interval for the temperature of the stainless steel in the joining progression direction be, for example, 3 to 10 mm.
  • the maximum temperature that the stainless steel reaches during joining and the residence time of the stainless steel at 150°C or above can be controlled by adjusting, in addition to the heating position, for example, the joining speed (the movement speed of the heating device in the joining direction), the distance between the heating device and the materials to be joined, and the output of the heating device.
  • the heating device when a torch is used as the heating device, it is possible to control the maximum temperature that the stainless steel reaches during joining and the residence time of the stainless steel at 150°C or above within the above ranges by adjusting the joining speed in the range of 30 to 200 mm/min, the distance between the heating device and the materials to be joined in the range of 50 to 150 mm, and the output of the heating device in the range of 2000 to 3000 kcal/hour depending on the type, size, and arrangement of the materials to be joined.
  • the heating device is not particularly limited as long as it can heat the stainless steel by heat transfer from the copper while melting the joining metal, and can control the maximum temperature and residence time of the stainless steel during joining within the above ranges.
  • a torch for example, a heating device specified in JIS Z 3001-1:2018
  • a torch that uses a gas flame (torch burner) is preferred.
  • the size of the heating area is not particularly limited. To ensure that stainless steel is excluded from the heating area, it is preferable that the heating area be within a 30 mm square. For example, a torch with a nozzle diameter of ⁇ 10 to 20 mm can be used.
  • the contact position is set to a range of more than 0 mm to +15 mm.
  • the contact position is preferably +1 mm or more.
  • the contact position is more preferably +10 mm or less, and even more preferably +5 mm or less.
  • the contact position is in the range of -15 mm to +15 mm.
  • the contact position is preferably -5 mm or more.
  • the contact position is more preferably +5 mm or less.
  • the above contact position is indicated by taking the overlapping end, which is the starting point for pouring the joining metal onto the overlapping surfaces of the joined materials, as the reference position (0 mm), with the stainless steel side as + and the copper side as -. Also, if the reference end is the copper end, the above contact position is the copper side surface of the joined materials. Also, if the reference end is the stainless steel end, the above contact position is the stainless steel side surface of the joined materials.
  • the reference position is the copper end of the materials to be joined.
  • the contact position is the copper side surface of the materials to be joined (the top surface of the materials to be joined in Figure 1).
  • the reference position is the stainless steel end.
  • the contact position is the stainless steel side surface of the joined materials (the top surface of the joined materials in Figure 2).
  • the contact position here refers to the center position in the direction perpendicular to the joining of the area where the heat generating part of the heating device and the materials to be joined come into contact.
  • the heat generating part of the heating device may or may not come into contact with the joining metal.
  • the heat generating part of the heating device may come into contact with the end face of the overlapping part of the materials to be joined on the reference position side.
  • Maximum temperature of stainless steel 250°C or less
  • the maximum temperature of the stainless steel is set to 250°C or less.
  • the maximum temperature of the stainless steel is, for example, preferably 150°C or more, more preferably 200°C or more.
  • Residence time of stainless steel in a temperature range of 100°C or more (hereinafter, also referred to as residence time of stainless steel at 100°C or more): 5 seconds to 5 minutes
  • a heating device having a heat generating part is used to heat the joined material by contacting the heat generating part. This allows the joining metal to flow into the overlapping surface of the joined material. In addition, at this time, excessive temperature rise of the stainless steel is prevented and the formation of an oxide film on the surface of the stainless steel is suppressed.
  • the residence time of the stainless steel at 100°C or more is less than 5 seconds, the joining metal does not flow sufficiently into the overlapping surface of the joined material, and the joining of the stainless steel and copper is hindered.
  • the residence time of the stainless steel at 100°C or more is 5 seconds to 5 minutes (300 seconds) or less.
  • the residence time of the stainless steel at 100°C or more is preferably 15 seconds or more.
  • the residence time of the stainless steel at 100° C. or higher is preferably 3 minutes (180 seconds) or less, and more preferably 1 minute (60 seconds) or less.
  • the entire surface of the stainless steel may be measured, for example, by thermography.
  • the surface temperature of the stainless steel near the heating area may be measured by a thermocouple.
  • the copper end is taken as the reference position (0 mm) and the surface temperature of the first surface of the stainless steel (the top surface of the stainless steel in Figure 1) is measured at a position 0 mm (copper end) to +20 mm in the direction perpendicular to the join.
  • the starting point of pouring the joining metal onto the overlapping surfaces of the joined materials is the stainless steel end as in Figure 2
  • the stainless steel end is taken as the reference position (0 mm) and the surface temperature of the second surface of the stainless steel (the top surface of the stainless steel in Figure 2) is measured at a position 0 mm (stainless steel end) to +20 mm in the direction perpendicular to the join.
  • the surface temperature of the end surface of the stainless steel may be measured.
  • the temperature measurement position can be determined from the above positions depending on the structure of the materials being joined.
  • the first surface of the stainless steel is the surface of the stainless steel that overlaps with the copper (where the copper is placed)
  • the second surface of the stainless steel is the surface of the stainless steel opposite the side that overlaps with the copper.
  • the measurement interval for the temperature of the stainless steel in the joining progression direction be, for example, 3 to 10 mm.
  • the maximum temperature that the stainless steel reaches during joining and the residence time of the stainless steel at 100°C or above can be controlled by adjusting, for example, the joining speed (the movement speed of the heating device in the joining direction) and the output of the heating device, in addition to the contact area between the heat generating part of the heating device and the materials to be joined.
  • the joining speed the movement speed of the heating device in the joining direction
  • the output of the heating device in addition to the contact area between the heat generating part of the heating device and the materials to be joined.
  • the maximum temperature that the stainless steel reaches during joining and the residence time of the stainless steel at 100°C or above can be controlled within the above ranges by adjusting the joining speed in the range of 30 to 200 mm/min and the output (heat amount) of the heating device in the range of 100 to 500 W depending on the type, size, and arrangement of the materials to be joined.
  • the heating device is not particularly limited as long as it has a heat generating part as described above and can heat the materials to be joined by contacting the heat generating part with the materials to be joined.
  • An example of such a heating device is a soldering iron.
  • Examples of the heat generating method of the heat generating part include electric heating (power supply type and battery type) and gas type.
  • the output (amount of heat) of the heating device is preferably 100 W or more. In other words, if the amount of heat generated is small, it takes a long time to heat up the materials to be joined, which may lead to the formation of an oxide film on the stainless steel surface.
  • the tip diameter of the heating part (the tip diameter of the iron tip in the case of a soldering iron) is preferably 1 to 5 mm. If the surface of the heating part oxidizes due to its own heat generation, it is preferable to polish it with a metal file or the like before starting joining to remove the oxide.
  • the joining metal may be applied or placed between the overlapping surfaces of the materials to be joined, on the copper ends or stainless steel ends, before heating.
  • the materials to be joined may also be continuously supplied during joining (inserting a filler rod that will become the materials to be joined). Of these, it is preferable to place the joining metal on the copper ends or stainless steel ends of the materials to be joined before heating.
  • the overlap width L (width in the direction perpendicular to the weld) between the stainless steel and copper is preferably, for example, 5 to 20 mm.
  • the gap in the overlap between the stainless steel and copper is preferably, for example, 0.01 mm to 0.50 mm.
  • the maximum temperature reached by the copper during joining is preferably 500°C or less, more preferably 350°C or less, from the viewpoint of avoiding a decrease in the strength and corrosion resistance of the copper.
  • the residence time of the copper in a temperature range of 200°C or more is preferably, for example, 5 minutes or less, more preferably 3 minutes or less, from the viewpoint of avoiding softening of the copper.
  • a flux for stainless steel is suitable as the flux.
  • a typical flux for stainless steel is suitable as the flux.
  • the flux may be applied to the joining target parts of both the stainless steel and copper joining materials and their vicinity, or to the joining target parts of either one of them and their vicinity.
  • the flux may also be applied only to the joining target parts or only a part of the joining target parts.
  • a joint of stainless steel and copper or copper alloy (hereinafter, simply referred to as a joint) according to one embodiment of the present invention has stainless steel, copper or copper alloy, and a joint between the stainless steel and copper or copper alloy, as shown in Figure 3 or Figure 4.
  • the joint is located between the stainless steel and copper or copper alloy at the overlapping portion where the stainless steel and the copper or copper alloy overlap each other.
  • Such a joint can be suitably obtained, for example, by the joining method of the above [1].
  • the stainless steel and copper or copper alloy of the joint are derived from the stainless steel and copper or copper alloy of the joined materials, as explained in [1] above.
  • the Sn content of the joint is preferably 40% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more.
  • the Sn content of the joint is preferably 99.5% by mass or less, and more preferably 97% by mass or less.
  • the remainder may contain non-metallic particles such as oxides.
  • Metal elements other than Sn and unavoidable impurities are the same as those in (3) Joining metal in [1] above, so a description thereof will be omitted here.
  • the average thickness of the joint is preferably 0.50 mm or less, more preferably 0.20 mm or less.
  • the average thickness of the joint is preferably 0.01 mm or more, more preferably 0.02 mm or more.
  • the average width of the joint (average length of the joint in the direction perpendicular to the joint) is preferably 1.0 mm or more, more preferably 2.0 mm or more, and even more preferably 5.0 mm or more.
  • the starting point of pouring the joining metal onto the overlapping surfaces of the joined materials is the copper end side as in Figure 1
  • a joined body is obtained in which the joining part contacts the copper end as shown in Figure 3, for example.
  • the starting point of pouring the joining metal onto the overlapping surfaces of the joined materials is the stainless steel end side as in Figure 2
  • a joined body is obtained in which the joining part contacts the stainless steel end as shown in Figure 4.
  • the joining part may contact both the copper end and the stainless steel end.
  • the width of the joining part may be equal to the overlap width L.
  • the joint is defined, for example, as follows. First, a cross-sectional sample in the thickness direction of the joint (a sample with a cross section on a plane (YZ plane) perpendicular to the joining direction (X direction)) as shown in Figures 5 and 6 is prepared with a mirror polished finish. Next, the cross-sectional sample is observed with an optical microscope or SEM at a magnification of 100 times. Then, based on the color tone (contrast) difference of each structure and the interface contrast observed in the obtained image, the interface between the joint and the stainless steel (base material) and the interface between the joint and the copper or copper alloy (base material) are determined, and the joint is defined.
  • the thickness and width of the joint in the cross-sectional sample are measured. This measurement is performed on four cross-sectional samples cut out at random from the joint, and the thickness and width of the joint in each cross-sectional sample are determined. Next, the average values of these are calculated and used as the thickness and width of the joint of the joint.
  • the thickness of the joint in that cross section is calculated as follows. That is, in the joint defined as above, the thickness of the joint is measured at five evenly spaced locations, including both ends. The average value of the thicknesses of the five measured locations is then regarded as the thickness of the joint in that cross section.
  • the Sn content of the joint is measured at a position halfway through the thickness of the joint.
  • the Sn content of the joint may be measured as follows. First, a cross-sectional sample in the thickness direction (a sample having a cross section on a plane (YZ plane) perpendicular to the X direction, which is the joining progression direction) as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 is prepared. At this time, the cross section is mirror-polished, and then the cross section is etched using an etching solution (5 mL of 38% by mass iron (II) chloride aqueous solution-15 mL of 36% by mass hydrochloric acid-120 mL of distilled water).
  • an etching solution 5 mL of 38% by mass iron (II) chloride aqueous solution-15 mL of 36% by mass hydrochloric acid-120 mL of distilled water.
  • the obtained cross-sectional sample is observed by SEM at a magnification of 100 times, and then an SEM-EDS analysis is performed.
  • an EDS point scan is performed on the joint of the cross section to measure the Sn content (mass%).
  • the EDS scan points are 10 points randomly selected at the 1/2 thickness position of the joint (a position away from the stainless steel side from the interface between the copper or copper alloy and the joining metal by the length obtained by dividing the thickness of the joint obtained from the above observation by 2).
  • the Sn content (mass%) measured at each point is averaged to obtain the Sn content of the joint of the cross-sectional sample.
  • This measurement is carried out on four cross-sectional samples prepared by randomly taking samples from the joint, and the average value of the Sn content of the joint of each cross-sectional sample is regarded as the Sn content of the joint.
  • the thickness of the joint will not be uniform.
  • the length of the chamfering in the direction perpendicular to the joint is preferably 1.0 to 3.0 mm.
  • the width of the joint is not uniform, for example, if the width is different near the stainless steel and the copper or copper alloy, that is, if the width of the joint varies depending on the position in the thickness direction, the minimum length of the joint in the direction perpendicular to the joint at the position in the thickness direction between the overlapping surfaces of the joined materials shall be the width of the joint.
  • a part of the joint prefferably extend beyond the overlapping surfaces of the joined materials in the direction perpendicular to the joint.
  • the thickness and width of the joint described above are measured excluding the part that extends beyond the overlapping surfaces of the joined materials.
  • joints may be connected by crimping or by fitting, depending on the strength and airtightness required.
  • the joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention may be either plate-shaped (including not only flat plates but also curved plates (curved plates)) or tubular.
  • a tubular shape it is a joined body of a stainless steel pipe and a copper pipe or a copper alloy pipe.
  • a part of the stainless steel pipe may be inserted into the copper pipe or copper alloy pipe, or a part of the copper pipe or copper alloy pipe may be inserted into the stainless steel pipe, and joined.
  • a joint according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a joint having multiple joints, at least one of which is the above-mentioned joint.
  • a method for manufacturing a joined body of stainless steel and copper or copper alloy includes a step of joining stainless steel and copper or a copper alloy by the joining method [1] above.
  • the method for producing a bonded body according to one embodiment of the present invention can suitably produce the bonded body described in [2] above.
  • Example 1 A stainless steel plate (SUS443J1 as specified in JIS G 4305:2021) having a thickness of 1.0 mm and a copper plate (phosphorus deoxidized copper plate (C1220) as specified in JIS H 3100:2018) or a copper alloy plate (C2680 as specified in JIS H 3100:2018) having a thickness of 1.0 mm were cut into 120 mm squares. Next, a copper plate or a copper alloy plate was placed on the stainless steel plate so that the stainless steel plate and the copper plate or the copper alloy plate overlap with the overlapping width L as shown in Table 1 (the arrangement shown in FIG. 1) to obtain a joined material.
  • thermocouples were attached to the surface (first surface) of the stainless steel at intervals of 5 mm in the direction of welding, at a position 10 mm away from the copper end of the joined material toward the stainless steel side in a direction perpendicular to the welding (a position +10 mm from the copper end, which is the reference position (0 mm)).
  • the joined material was heated from the upper surface of the copper plate or copper alloy plate to join the stainless steel plate and the copper plate or copper alloy plate, and a joined body of stainless steel and copper or copper alloy was obtained.
  • the heating position was a position 20 mm away from the copper end, which is the reference position, on the copper side (position -20 mm).
  • the joined material was heated from the lower surface of the stainless steel, and the heating position was a position 20 mm away from the copper end, which is the reference position, on the stainless steel side (position +20 mm).
  • a torch that utilizes a gas flame a so-called gas burner (RZ-820 manufactured by Shinfuji Burner Co., Ltd., heat amount: 2300 kcal/hour, nozzle diameter: ⁇ 16 mm), was used as the heating device. Note that, under all conditions, the joining was performed in an air atmosphere. Note that, for conditions not specified, the description in the general description section above and the usual method were followed. During the joining, the temperature of the stainless steel was measured and recorded at 0.1 second intervals using the thermocouple and temperature logger, and the temperature history of the stainless steel was obtained from the output temperature log. (I) The maximum temperature reached by the stainless steel, and (II) the residence time of the stainless steel at 150° C. or higher were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the thickness and width of the joints were measured using an optical microscope, DSX510, manufactured by Olympus Corporation (now Evident Co., Ltd.).
  • the Sn content (mass%) of the joints was measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Miniscope (registered trademark) TM3030plus, manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), AZtecOne, manufactured by Oxford Instruments.
  • the stainless steel and the copper alloy were not properly joined. That is, in the comparative example of Test No. 1-12, the maximum temperature reached by the stainless steel exceeded the appropriate range, and therefore bonding was not possible. In the comparative example of Test No. 1-13, the residence time of the stainless steel at 150° C. or higher exceeded the appropriate range, and therefore bonding was not possible. In the comparative example of Test No. 1-14, the residence time of the stainless steel at 150° C. or higher was not within the appropriate range, and therefore bonding was not possible. In the comparative example of Test No. 1-15, the heated portion was made of stainless steel, and therefore welding was not possible. In the comparative example of Test No. 1-16, the heated portion was made of stainless steel, which caused the temperature of the stainless steel to rise excessively, and therefore bonding was not possible.
  • Example 2 A stainless steel pipe having an outer diameter and thickness (wall thickness) shown in Table 2, and a copper pipe (phosphorus deoxidized copper pipe (C1220T) specified in JIS H 3300:2018) or a copper alloy pipe (brass pipe (C2700T) specified in JIS H 3100:2018) having an outer diameter and thickness (wall thickness) shown in Table 2 were cut to a length of 300 mm, and the stainless steel pipe was inserted into the copper pipe or copper alloy pipe (the arrangement shown in FIG. 1) or the copper pipe or copper alloy pipe was inserted into the stainless steel pipe (the arrangement shown in FIG. 2) so that the overlapping width L was 10 mm, and used as the joined material.
  • a copper pipe phosphorus deoxidized copper pipe (C1220T) specified in JIS H 3300:2018
  • a copper alloy pipe brass pipe (C2700T) specified in JIS H 3100:2018
  • the outer periphery of the small diameter side pipe end corresponding to the overlapping portion was ground or polished in advance to adjust the gap between the stainless steel pipe and the copper pipe or copper alloy pipe to 0.05 mm.
  • the same flux as in Example 1 was applied in advance to the outer surface of the small diameter side pipe at the overlapping surface of the joined material and its vicinity.
  • thermocouples were attached to the outer surface (first surface) of the stainless steel pipe at positions 20 mm away from the copper end of the joined material toward the stainless steel side in the direction perpendicular to the joint (position +20 mm from the copper end, which is the reference position (0 mm)), at intervals of 4 mm in the direction of the joint progression (circumferential direction).
  • thermocouples were attached to the outer surface (second surface) of the stainless steel pipe at positions 20 mm away from the stainless steel end of the joined material toward the stainless steel side in the direction perpendicular to the joint (position +20 mm from the stainless steel end, which is the reference position (0 mm)), at intervals of 4 mm in the direction of the joint progression (circumferential direction).
  • the materials to be joined were heated from the outside of the pipes while moving the heating device in the joining progress direction (circumferential direction), and the stainless steel pipe and the copper pipe or copper alloy pipe were joined to obtain a joint of stainless steel and copper or copper alloy.
  • the heating position was a position 20 mm away from the reference position (the stainless steel end or the copper end) on the copper side (position -20 mm).
  • a torch that utilizes a gas flame a so-called gas burner, was used as the heating device.
  • the gas burner used was the same as in Example 1 above.
  • the joining was performed in an air atmosphere.
  • conditions not specified were as described in the general description section above and in the usual manner. From the temperature history of the stainless steel obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, (I) The maximum temperature reached by the stainless steel and (II) the residence time of the stainless steel at 150° C. or higher were calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 3 A stainless steel plate (SUS443J1 as specified in JIS G 4305:2021) having a thickness of 1.0 mm and a copper plate (phosphorus deoxidized copper plate (C1220) as specified in JIS H 3100:2018, thermal conductivity: 339 W / mK) or a copper alloy plate (brass plate (C2680) as specified in JIS H 3100:2018, thermal conductivity: 117 W / mK) having a thickness of 1.0 mm were cut into 120 mm squares. Next, a copper plate or a copper alloy plate was placed on the stainless steel plate so that the stainless steel plate and the copper plate or the copper alloy plate overlap with the overlapping width L shown in Table 3 to obtain a joined material.
  • a copper plate or a copper alloy plate was placed on the stainless steel plate so that the stainless steel plate and the copper plate or the copper alloy plate overlap with the overlapping width L shown in Table 3 to obtain a joined material.
  • thermocouples were attached to the surface (first surface) of the stainless steel at intervals of 5 mm in the direction of welding, at a position 10 mm away from the copper end of the joined material toward the stainless steel side in a direction perpendicular to the welding (a position +10 mm from the copper end, which is the reference position (0 mm)).
  • the heating device was moved in the direction of joining progress while the heat generating part of the heating device was brought into contact with the materials to be joined at the contact positions shown in Table 3. This caused the joining metal to melt, joining the stainless steel and the copper or copper alloy to obtain a joined body.
  • a soldering iron (SS-152J (150W), a sheet metal soldering iron manufactured by Ishizaki Electric Works Co., Ltd.) was used as the heating device. Note that, under all conditions, joining was performed in an air atmosphere. For conditions not specified, the description in the general description section above and common practices were followed.
  • the stainless steel and the copper or copper alloy were not properly joined. That is, in the comparative example of Test No. 3-12, the residence time of the stainless steel at 100° C. or higher exceeded the appropriate range, and therefore bonding was not possible. In the comparative example of Test No. 3-13, the contact position was outside the appropriate range, the stainless steel did not reach 100° C. or higher, and the residence time at 100° C. or higher did not fall within the appropriate range, so welding was not possible. In the comparative example of Test No. 3-14, the contact position was outside the appropriate range, the stainless steel did not reach 100° C. or higher, and the residence time at 100° C. or higher did not fall within the appropriate range, so welding was not possible.
  • Example 4 A stainless steel pipe having an outer diameter and thickness (wall thickness) shown in Table 4, and a copper pipe (phosphorus deoxidized copper pipe (C1220T) specified in JIS H 3300: 2018) or a copper alloy pipe (brass pipe (C2700T) specified in JIS H 3100: 2018) having an outer diameter and thickness (wall thickness) shown in Table 4 were cut to a length of 300 mm, and the stainless steel pipe was inserted into the copper pipe or copper alloy pipe (the arrangement shown in FIG. 1) or the copper pipe or copper alloy pipe was inserted into the stainless steel pipe (the arrangement shown in FIG. 2) so that the overlapping width L was 10 mm, and used as the joined material.
  • a copper pipe phosphorus deoxidized copper pipe (C1220T) specified in JIS H 3300: 2018
  • a copper alloy pipe brass pipe (C2700T) specified in JIS H 3100: 2018
  • the outer periphery of the small diameter side pipe end corresponding to the overlapping portion was ground or polished in advance to adjust the gap between the stainless steel pipe and the copper pipe or copper alloy pipe to 0.05 mm.
  • the same flux as in Example 3 was applied in advance to the outer surface of the small diameter side pipe at the overlapping surface of the joined material and its vicinity.
  • thermocouples were attached to the outer surface (first surface) of the stainless steel pipe at positions 15 mm away from the copper end of the joined material toward the stainless steel side in the direction perpendicular to the joint (position +15 mm from the copper end, which is the reference position (0 mm)), at intervals of 4 mm in the direction of the joint progression (circumferential direction).
  • thermocouples were attached to the outer surface (second surface) of the stainless steel pipe at positions 15 mm away from the stainless steel end of the joined material toward the stainless steel side in the direction perpendicular to the joint (position +15 mm from the stainless steel end, which is the reference position (0 mm)).
  • the heating device was moved in the joining progress direction (circumferential direction) while the heat generating part of the heating device was in contact with the materials to be joined.
  • the contact positions are as shown in Table 4. This caused the joining metal to melt, joining the stainless steel and the copper or copper alloy to obtain a joined body.
  • the same soldering iron as in Example 3 was used as the heating device. In all conditions, the joining was performed in an air atmosphere. For conditions not specified, the descriptions in the general description section above and common practices were followed.
  • (I) The maximum temperature reached by the stainless steel and (II) the residence time of the stainless steel at 100° C. or higher were calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • the joint according to one embodiment of the present invention is suitable for use in a variety of products, including heat exchanger piping, hot water piping, cold water piping, gas hot water heater piping, air conditioning equipment piping, housing equipment piping, electronic equipment parts, and household electrical appliances.

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PCT/JP2024/014175 2023-07-03 2024-04-05 ステンレス鋼と銅または銅合金との接合方法、ならびに、ステンレス鋼と銅または銅合金との接合体およびその製造方法 WO2025009240A1 (ja)

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JPH0242756U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1988-09-20 1990-03-23
JP2009299182A (ja) * 2008-05-12 2009-12-24 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd フェライト系ステンレス鋼
WO2019058651A1 (ja) * 2017-09-20 2019-03-28 千住金属工業株式会社 配管の接合方法
JP2020131251A (ja) * 2019-02-21 2020-08-31 日本軽金属株式会社 アルミニウム部材と被接合部材との接合体の製造方法、及びアルミニウム部材と被接合部材とが、中間層を介して接合された接合体
JP2021164934A (ja) * 2020-04-07 2021-10-14 大学共同利用機関法人自然科学研究機構 銅および銅合金のろう付接合方法

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JPH0242756U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1988-09-20 1990-03-23
JP2009299182A (ja) * 2008-05-12 2009-12-24 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd フェライト系ステンレス鋼
WO2019058651A1 (ja) * 2017-09-20 2019-03-28 千住金属工業株式会社 配管の接合方法
JP2020131251A (ja) * 2019-02-21 2020-08-31 日本軽金属株式会社 アルミニウム部材と被接合部材との接合体の製造方法、及びアルミニウム部材と被接合部材とが、中間層を介して接合された接合体
JP2021164934A (ja) * 2020-04-07 2021-10-14 大学共同利用機関法人自然科学研究機構 銅および銅合金のろう付接合方法

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