WO2025008007A1 - 催化裂化催化剂用组合物、催化裂化催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
催化裂化催化剂用组合物、催化裂化催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025008007A1 WO2025008007A1 PCT/CN2024/116743 CN2024116743W WO2025008007A1 WO 2025008007 A1 WO2025008007 A1 WO 2025008007A1 CN 2024116743 W CN2024116743 W CN 2024116743W WO 2025008007 A1 WO2025008007 A1 WO 2025008007A1
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- rare earth
- molecular sieve
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/085—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing rare earth elements, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, gallium, indium, thallium, tin or lead
- B01J29/088—Y-type faujasite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G11/04—Oxides
- C10G11/05—Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of catalysts, and in particular to a catalytic cracking catalyst composition, a catalytic cracking catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
- catalytic cracking occupies an important position in my country, with a processing capacity of more than 200 million tons.
- Residual oil usually contains high levels of heavy metals such as V, which easily form vanadic acid during the catalytic cracking process, resulting in permanent destruction of the molecular sieve structure of the catalyst's active component, resulting in a decrease in the heavy oil conversion capacity and the formation of polluted coke.
- V heavy metals
- catalytic cracking units directly or indirectly emit a large amount of greenhouse gases. Carbon emission control of catalytic cracking units has become a key research topic in the petrochemical industry. Therefore, it is urgent to develop heavy metal-resistant and low-coking heavy oil catalytic cracking catalysts to reduce carbon emissions from catalytic cracking units.
- CN202010203656.9 discloses a heavy metal pollution resistant catalytic cracking catalyst and its preparation method and application, and relates to a heavy metal pollution resistant catalytic cracking catalyst, the catalytic cracking catalyst has a core-shell structure, the core-shell structure includes a core containing catalytic cracking catalyst finished particles, and a shell containing rare earth metal oxides.
- the catalytic cracking catalyst of the present invention has good anti-heavy metal vanadium pollution effect, and when it is used in the catalytic cracking process of high vanadium raw oil, the conversion rate of raw oil is high, and the selectivity of dry gas and coke is low.
- CN1073614C discloses a method for preparing a rare earth-containing hydrocarbon cracking catalyst resistant to vanadium poisoning, the method is to precipitate a mixed rare earth solution with a precipitant selected from ammonia, ammonium hydrogen phosphate or ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate or a mixture thereof, mix it with a carrier slurry and a molecular sieve slurry, and then spray dry it to form.
- CN1223403C discloses a novel matrix type heavy metal resistant FCC catalyst and its preparation method.
- the catalyst contains 20-80m% clay, 5-40m% binder, 1-25m% metal capture component (such as rare earth oxalate), 0-30m% other oxides (such as activated alumina), 5-40m% selected from faujasite zeolite, ZSM-5 zeolite, beta zeolite or mixture thereof with a unit cell constant of 2.432-2.472nm.
- the catalyst has excellent heavy metal resistance and is suitable as a catalyst for cracking heavy oil with high content of Ni, V, etc.
- CN201210420981.6 discloses a metal collector and its preparation method and application, wherein the metal collector contains magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide and phosphorus aluminum additive, and at least part of the magnesium oxide and at least part of the aluminum oxide form a magnesium aluminum spinel structure, wherein the bulk density of the metal collector is 0.85-1.2g/ cm3 .
- CN201110100491.3 discloses a silicon-supported lanthanum carbonate microsphere anti-vanadium additive for use in the heavy oil catalytic cracking process and a preparation method thereof.
- Y-type molecular sieve is still the main active component of FCC catalyst due to its unique three-dimensional pore structure, suitable acidity and good stability. Its performance determines the activity, stability, heavy oil conversion performance, heavy metal resistance and product selectivity of the catalyst.
- NaY molecular sieve itself is not acidic, and usually needs to be exchanged and modified to remove its Na ions and adjust its acidity and pore structure.
- the commonly used modification method is to use ammonium salt and/or rare earth for exchange, and prepare modified REHY or REUSY molecular sieves with different acidity and pore structure through thermal or hydrothermal calcination.
- the preparation methods of REHY or REUSY molecular sieves can be roughly divided into two categories: one is to first exchange a small amount of rare earth ions and/or ammonium ions with NaY molecular sieve, and then carry out rare earth ions and/or ammonium ions or dealumination after calcination to make REUSY molecular sieve; the other is to first make NaY molecular sieve into USY molecular sieve, and then exchange rare earth to prepare REUSY.
- CN200610087535.2 discloses a method for preparing a REY molecular sieve.
- the NaY molecular sieve is contacted with an aqueous solution containing rare earth ions or with an aqueous solution containing rare earth ions and a solution or colloid containing aluminum ions, and then contacted with an external precipitant to precipitate part of the rare earth on the molecular sieve, and then subjected to hydrothermal treatment, and finally contacted with an ammonium salt aqueous solution, so that the prepared molecular sieve has a strong vanadium resistance.
- CN200710121664.3 provides a catalytic cracking catalyst, containing 10-50% by weight of REY molecular sieve on a dry basis, 10-40% by weight of inorganic oxide binder on an oxide basis, and 10-70% by weight of clay on a dry basis; wherein the REY molecular sieve is prepared by the following method: after contacting the NaY molecular sieve with an aqueous solution containing rare earth ions or with an aqueous solution containing rare earth ions and a solution or colloid containing aluminum ions, contacting with an external precipitant to precipitate part of the rare earth on the molecular sieve, then performing hydrothermal treatment, and finally contacting with an ammonium salt aqueous solution, wherein the precipitant is an alkaline aqueous solution.
- the catalyst of the invention has a strong heavy oil cracking ability, a high gasoline yield, and a strong ability to resist vanadium pollution.
- CN201511020519.7 provides a method for preparing a modified Y-type molecular sieve, which comprises exchanging the NaY molecular sieve with an ammonium salt, mixing a compound containing a IIIB element in the periodic table after filtering, spray drying and hydrothermal roasting without washing, and then exchanging with an ammonium salt, adding a precipitant or a precipitant and a filter aid, and performing or not performing hydrothermal roasting after filtering.
- the IIIB element is basically not lost, the exchange slurry is easy to filter, the molecular sieve yield is high, and it has excellent activity, hydrothermal stability and resistance to heavy metal pollution.
- CN201280056377.8 discloses a method for ion exchange on zeolite.
- the invention relates to an improved method for exchanging sodium ions in a zeolite containing sodium ions and rare earth metal ions for ammonium ions.
- aqueous solutions of ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium chloride are currently used.
- the resulting "ammonium zeolites" are calcined to convert them into H-form zeolites suitable for use as catalysts, while releasing ammonia.
- it is proposed to use ammonium carbonate instead of the ammonium compounds mentioned.
- ammonium carbonate In contrast to nitrates, sulfates or chlorides, because excess ammonium carbonate can be recycled in the form of carbon dioxide and ammonia, the amount of salt that has to be discharged can be significantly reduced. The use of ammonium carbonate also minimizes the amount of rare earth metal ions leached from zeolites containing rare earth metal ions.
- rare earth and ammonium salt are exchanged simultaneously, but due to the competitive exchange, the exchange efficiency is low; ammonium salt exchange If it is carried out before rare earth exchange, the use of ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate will cause problems such as high cost and equipment corrosion. In order to avoid the formation of sulfate precipitation, a large amount of water washing is required to remove sulfate ions by using low-cost recyclable ammonium sulfate, which will increase water consumption.
- rare earth modified molecular sieves After the hydrothermal roasting of rare earth modified molecular sieves, it is inevitable that some rare earths cannot be located in the sodalite cage, so that ammonium sulfate exchange is used in the subsequent period, resulting in the formation of rare earth sulfate precipitation, resulting in an increase in molecular sieve sulfate ions and a decrease in crystallinity. Although pre-exchange can reduce the sodium oxide and sulfate ions of the modified molecular sieve, it has the problems of long process, water consumption and high cost. REY molecular sieves prepared without ammonium salts have the problem of high coke generation.
- the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, such as the complicated catalyst preparation process, dilution of the cracking activity of the main agent, and reduction in the yield of high-value products such as gasoline and liquefied gas.
- a catalytic cracking catalyst composition a catalytic cracking catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
- the catalytic cracking catalyst prepared using the composition has excellent heavy metal pollution resistance and coke selectivity.
- the first aspect of the present invention provides a catalytic cracking catalyst composition, comprising: a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, a binder, a matrix material, a rare earth element source, and optionally a REUSY molecular sieve, wherein the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve has a SO 4 2- content of no more than 1 wt%.
- a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a catalytic cracking catalyst, the method comprising:
- the catalyst precursor is modified by reducing sodium to obtain the catalytic cracking catalyst.
- the third aspect of the present invention provides a catalytic cracking catalyst prepared by the method for preparing the catalytic cracking catalyst described in the second aspect of the present invention.
- the fourth aspect of the present invention provides use of the catalytic cracking catalyst of the present invention in catalytic cracking of heavy oil.
- the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
- composition of the present invention interact with each other, significantly improving its activity, stability and heavy oil conversion capacity; on the other hand, since the independent phase rare earth material on the outer surface of the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve can preferentially react with heavy metals, such as V, to form heavy metal acid rare earth, thereby effectively protecting the molecular sieve crystal structure and inhibiting the formation of contaminated coke;
- heavy metals such as V
- the catalytic cracking catalyst prepared using the composition of the present invention has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coking.
- first”, “second” and “third” do not indicate a sequence or limit the materials or steps, but are only used to distinguish that they are not the same steps or materials.
- first and “second” in “first roasting” and “second roasting” are only used to indicate that they are not the same roasting.
- drying involved in the present invention is a conventional operation method in the art, and can be dried under normal pressure or under vacuum conditions, generally dried at normal pressure and 80-120° C. for 8-36 hours.
- the room temperature involved in the present invention is "15-25°C”.
- the first aspect of the present invention provides a catalytic cracking catalyst composition, comprising: a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, a binder, a matrix material, a rare earth element source, and optionally a REUSY molecular sieve, wherein the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve has a SO 4 2- content of no more than 1 wt%.
- the rare earth element source in the present invention refers to a raw material that can provide rare earth elements.
- the inventors of the present invention have found through research that the rare earth material in the catalyst prepared from the composition of the present invention can preferably form heavy metal acid rare earth with heavy metals, such as V, thereby effectively protecting the molecular sieve crystal structure and inhibiting the formation of contaminated coke.
- the catalyst has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation when used.
- the rare earth element source is calculated by the weight of rare earth oxide, and the composition comprises: 15-35 wt% of rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, 0-20 wt% of REUSY molecular sieve, 6-30 wt% of binder, 30-55 wt% of matrix material, and 0.5-4 wt% of rare earth element source.
- the catalyst prepared by the composition under the aforementioned embodiment has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance, and low coke generation when used.
- the rare earth element source is calculated by the weight of rare earth oxide, and the composition comprises: 18-27 wt% of rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, 8-15 wt% of REUSY molecular sieve, 8-25 wt% of binder, 35-45 wt% of matrix material, and 0.8-3 wt% of rare earth element source.
- the catalyst prepared using the composition under the aforementioned embodiment has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance, and low coke generation when used.
- the content of SO 4 2- is not more than 0.5wt%, for example, 0.01wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.27wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.32wt%, 0.41wt%, 0.45wt%, 0.5wt%, or a range consisting of any two of the above values, preferably 0.01-0.45wt%.
- the catalyst prepared using the composition under the above embodiment has better stability and metal utilization, and when used for catalytic cracking, it has excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation effects.
- the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve has a sodium content of no more than 1.5wt% in terms of Na2O , for example, 0.2wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.62wt%, 0.82wt%, 0.92wt%, 0.98wt%, 1.1wt%, 1.2wt%, 0.5wt%, or a range consisting of any two of the above values, preferably 0.5wt%-1.2wt%.
- the catalyst prepared using the composition under the above embodiment has better stability and metal utilization, and has excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation effects when used for catalytic cracking.
- the rare earth content is 5wt%-20wt% in terms of rare earth oxide, for example, 5wt%, 6wt%, 9wt%, 10wt%, 10.4wt%, 12.4wt%, 14.3wt%, 15.6wt%, 16.1wt%, 16.2wt%, 19.8wt%, 20wt%, or a range consisting of any two of the above values, preferably
- the catalyst prepared by using the composition in the above embodiment has better stability and metal utilization, can effectively protect the crystal structure of the catalyst, and inhibits the generation of polluted coke.
- the crystallinity C/ C0 of the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve is 50%-80%, for example, 50%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 63%, 65%, 70%, 80%, or a range consisting of any two of the above values, preferably 58%-65%.
- the catalyst prepared using the composition under the aforementioned embodiment has better stability and metal utilization, and when used for catalytic cracking, it has excellent resistance to heavy metals and low coke generation.
- the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve is obtained by modifying the Na-type Y molecular sieve, and preferably the modification treatment includes an ammonium sulfate exchange treatment step.
- the modification method comprises:
- the above-mentioned modification treatment avoids the formation of precipitation of free metal ions and sulfate in the exchange system solution, on the surface of the molecular sieve or in the supercage during the subsequent ammonium sulfate exchange and sodium reduction process.
- the purpose of reducing sulfate is achieved and the crystallinity and stability of the molecular sieve are improved.
- the utilization rate of the modified metal is improved, and the activity, stability and heavy oil conversion capacity of the catalyst prepared by the composition of the present invention can be significantly improved.
- the independent phase rare earth material on the surface of the catalyst can preferentially generate vanadate rare earth with heavy metal V, thereby effectively protecting the molecular sieve crystal structure and inhibiting the generation of contaminated coke, thereby making the catalyst have the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion capacity, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation.
- the rare earth ion exchange process comprises: in the presence of water, the Na type Y molecular sieve and the rare earth source carry out the rare earth ion exchange; specifically, after the Na type Y molecular sieve and water are mixed, a rare earth source solution containing the rare earth source is added to carry out the rare earth ion exchange; wherein, preferably, the weight ratio of water to the Na type Y molecular sieve is 1.5-30:1, preferably 2-5:1; the solvent in the rare earth source solution is not particularly limited, and any good solvent that can dissolve the rare earth source can be used, and in the present invention, it is water, and the concentration of the rare earth source solution is generally 200-400g/L.
- the rare earth source is selected from chlorates and/or nitrates containing at least one rare earth element, and preferably the rare earth element includes at least one of lanthanum, cerium and yttrium.
- the Na-type Y molecular sieve is calculated on a dry basis
- the rare earth source is calculated on a rare earth oxide basis
- the content of the rare earth source in the Na-type Y molecular sieve is 1-20% by weight, preferably 10-16% by weight.
- the rare earth ion exchange conditions include: a temperature of room temperature-180°C, preferably 50-80°C.
- the rare earth ion exchange conditions include: an exchange time of 0.3-3.5 h, preferably 0.5-1.5 h.
- the rare earth ion exchange conditions include: pH 2.8-6.5, preferably 3.5-4.5.
- the amount of the first precipitant added in the present invention is determined according to the amount of rare earth ions in the rare earth ion exchange slurry.
- the amount of the first precipitant satisfies the molar ratio of the rare earth ions with a content of 1-4% by weight in the Na-type Y molecular sieve through the first precipitation, preferably satisfies the molar ratio of the rare earth ions with a content of 1.5-2.5% by weight in the Na-type Y molecular sieve through the first precipitation.
- the aforementioned implementation method is adopted to avoid the formation of precipitation of free RE ions and sulfate in the exchange system solution, on the surface of the molecular sieve or in the super cage during the subsequent ammonium sulfate exchange and sodium reduction process, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing sulfate, improving the crystallinity and stability of the molecular sieve, and at the same time improving the utilization rate of rare earths, forming an independent phase rare earth component resistant to heavy metals on the surface of the molecular sieve, and improving the heavy metal pollution resistance of the catalyst.
- the conditions for the first precipitation are not particularly limited.
- the conditions for the first precipitation include: a temperature of 25-180°C, preferably 50-80°C; and/or a time of 0.1-5h, preferably 0.1-2h.
- the first precipitation slurry contains solid matter and solvents such as water
- the method for obtaining the solid matter in the first precipitation slurry is not particularly limited, for example, it can be obtained by filtering, drying, etc.
- the first ammonium sulfate exchange refers to the first ammonium sulfate exchange using ammonium sulfate.
- the amount of ammonium sulfate used is 5-50% by weight of the weight of the Na-type Y molecular sieve, preferably 10-25% by weight.
- the conditions for the first ammonium sulfate exchange are not particularly limited.
- the conditions for the first ammonium sulfate exchange include: a temperature of 20-85°C, preferably 50-80°C; and/or a time of 0.1-5h, preferably 0.1-2h.
- the first ammonium sulfate exchange process comprises: performing a first ammonium sulfate exchange between the solid matter in the first precipitation slurry and an ammonium sulfate aqueous solution, more preferably, the concentration of the ammonium sulfate aqueous solution is 20-400 g/L, and further preferably, the concentration of the ammonium sulfate aqueous solution is 120-250 g/L.
- the first water washing in step (c) of the present invention refers to washing the solid matter obtained by the first ammonium sulfate exchange with water.
- the method of the water washing is not particularly limited.
- the solid matter obtained by the first ammonium sulfate exchange is eluted with water having a weight of 1-8 times, preferably 2-5 times, the weight of the Na-type Y molecular sieve.
- the first calcination condition includes: 100% water vapor atmosphere.
- the catalyst prepared using the composition under the above embodiment has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke formation when used.
- the conditions of the first calcination include: a temperature of 400-700°C, preferably 500-650°C.
- step (c) in step (c), the conditions of the first calcination include: time is 0.1-5h, preferably 0.5-3h.
- the slurry containing cross-linked and roasted molecular sieve dry powder in the present invention refers to a slurry obtained by mixing water and cross-linked and roasted molecular sieve dry powder.
- the weight ratio of water to cross-linked and roasted molecular sieve dry powder in the slurry containing cross-linked and roasted molecular sieve dry powder is 1.5-30:1, preferably 2-5:1.
- the amount of the second precipitate satisfies the molar ratio of the rare earth ions in the cross-baked molecular sieve dry powder of 0.5-3 wt% through the second precipitate, preferably satisfies the molar ratio of the rare earth ions in the cross-baked molecular sieve dry powder of 1-2 wt% through the second precipitate.
- the conditions for the second precipitation are not particularly limited.
- the conditions for the second precipitation include: a temperature of 15-40°C, preferably 20-30°C; and/or a time of 0.1-5h, preferably 0.1-2h.
- the second ammonium sulfate exchange refers to the use of ammonium sulfate for the second ammonium sulfate exchange.
- the amount of ammonium sulfate used is 5-50% by weight of the cross-baked molecular sieve dry powder, preferably 10-25% by weight.
- the conditions for the first ammonium sulfate exchange are not particularly limited.
- the conditions for the second ammonium sulfate exchange include: a temperature of 20-85°C, preferably 50-80°C; and/or a time of 0.1-5h, preferably 0.1-2h.
- the second ammonium sulfate exchange process is: subjecting the second precipitated product and the second ammonium sulfate aqueous solution to a second ammonium sulfate exchange, preferably the concentration of the second ammonium sulfate aqueous solution is 20-400 g/L, preferably 120-250 g/L.
- the exchange process of the first ammonium sulfate exchange and the second ammonium sulfate exchange in the present invention can use tank exchange, belt exchange, or tank exchange and belt exchange can be carried out simultaneously.
- the present invention has no special limitation on this and will not be elaborated in detail in the present invention.
- the second water washing in step (d) of the present invention refers to washing the solid matter obtained by the second ammonium sulfate exchange with water.
- the method of the water washing is not particularly limited.
- the solid matter obtained by the second ammonium sulfate exchange is washed with water having a weight of 1 to 8 times, preferably 2 to 5 times, the weight of the cross-baked molecular sieve dry powder.
- the heat treatment includes drying and a second calcination.
- the second calcination condition includes: in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- the oxygen-containing atmosphere in the present invention includes oxygen or air, and air is preferred in the present invention.
- the conditions for the second calcination include: a temperature of 400-700°C, preferably 450-650°C.
- the conditions for the second calcination include: a time of 0.1-10 h, preferably 0.5-5 h.
- the Na-type Y molecular sieve includes at least one of NaY molecular sieve, NaHY molecular sieve, NaUSY molecular sieve, NaREHY molecular sieve and NaREUSY molecular sieve, preferably NaY molecular sieve.
- the specific types of the first precipitant and the second precipitant are not particularly limited.
- the first precipitant and the second precipitant are each independently selected from ammonium compounds that can provide rare earth ions to produce anions of oxide precipitation precursors, preferably selected from one or more of ammonium oxalate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water.
- the type of the matrix material is not particularly limited.
- the matrix material includes clay; more preferably, the clay includes at least one of kaolin, halloysite, porphyrolith, diatomaceous earth and vesicle.
- the rare earth element source is selected from at least one of rare earth chloride, rare earth nitrate, rare earth oxide, rare earth carbonate, rare earth oxalate and rare earth acetate, preferably rare earth oxalate and/or rare earth oxide; wherein the rare earth metal elements in the rare earth element source are not particularly limited, for example, lanthanum and/or cerium.
- the REUSY molecular sieve includes at least one of LaUSY molecular sieve, CeUSY molecular sieve and mixed rare earth USY molecular sieve; mixed rare earth USY molecular sieve refers to a molecular sieve containing at least two different types of rare earth elements, such as La and Ce.
- the catalyst prepared by the above composition has good resistance to heavy metal pollution, especially vanadium pollution. When it is used in the catalytic cracking process of high-vanadium heavy oil, the conversion rate of heavy oil is high, and the selectivity of dry gas and coke is low.
- the REUSY used in the present invention has a RE 2 O 3 content of 1.8 wt%, specifically 1.44 wt% of La 2 O 3 and 0.36 wt% of Ce 2 O 3 , to exemplify the advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a catalytic cracking catalyst, the method comprising:
- the catalyst precursor is modified by reducing sodium to obtain the catalytic cracking catalyst.
- the catalyst prepared in the present invention has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation.
- the slurry containing the composition for catalytic cracking catalyst of the present invention refers to a slurry obtained by mixing the composition of the present invention with whom.
- the mixing conditions are not particularly limited, and the mixing is preferably carried out at room temperature; preferably, the solid content of the slurry containing the composition for catalytic cracking catalyst is 25%-45wt%, preferably 35wt%-45wt%.
- the molding method in step (1) of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is preferably spray molding, which is a conventional technical means in the art and will not be described in detail in the present invention.
- the conditions of the third calcination include: a temperature of 400-550° C., preferably 450-500° C.; and/or a time of 0.1-5 h, preferably 0.1-2 h.
- the sodium reduction modification method comprises: mixing a slurry containing a catalyst precursor with an ammonium salt to obtain a mixed liquid, and then drying the solid matter in the mixed liquid.
- the catalyst precursor-containing slurry in the present invention refers to a slurry obtained by mixing a catalyst precursor and water.
- the solid content of the catalyst precursor-containing slurry is 0.5 wt%-35 wt%, preferably 20 wt%-25 wt%.
- the ammonium salt includes at least one of ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and diammonium dihydrogen phosphate, preferably ammonium chloride.
- the weight ratio of the ammonium salt to the catalyst precursor is 2-10:100, preferably 3-6:100.
- the third aspect of the present invention provides a catalytic cracking catalyst prepared by the method for preparing the catalytic cracking catalyst described in the second aspect of the present invention.
- the catalyst of the present invention has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation.
- the Na + content in the catalytic cracking catalyst calculated as Na2O is not more than 0.2wt%, preferably 0.1-0.18wt%.
- the fourth aspect of the present invention provides use of the catalytic cracking catalyst of the present invention in catalytic cracking of heavy oil.
- the catalyst of the present invention has the advantages of high activity, good stability and strong heavy oil conversion capacity when used in heavy oil catalytic cracking.
- the catalytic cracking catalyst of the present invention is used in the catalytic cracking of high heavy metal heavy oil, and preferably the heavy metals include V and optionally Ni.
- the catalyst of the present invention has good resistance to heavy metal pollution, especially vanadium pollution, and has the characteristics of high conversion rate, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation when used in the catalytic cracking process of high-vanadium heavy oil.
- Micro-reaction activity The samples were pre-treated at 800°C and 100% steam for different time periods.
- the reaction raw material was Dagang light diesel oil
- the reaction temperature was 460°C
- the reaction time was 70 seconds
- the catalyst loading was 5.0 grams
- the catalyst-oil weight ratio was 3.2
- the total conversion rate was taken as the micro-reaction activity.
- the catalyst sample was pre-contaminated with V: 5000ppm and Ni: 3000ppm, and treated at 800°C, 100% water vapor for 5h, reaction temperature 530°C, catalyst-oil ratio of 5, and feedstock oil from Lanzhou Petrochemical's 3 million tons heavy oil catalytic unit.
- NaY molecular sieve NaY (silicon-aluminum ratio 5.1, crystallinity 95%), produced by Changting Catalyst Co., Ltd.
- Rare earth solution Rare earth chloride and rare earth nitrate are both industrial products collected from the catalyst plant of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company.
- ammonium sulfate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia water, urea, ammonium acetate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate are all analytical grade.
- step (a) 0.537 L (calculated as La 2 O 3 ) of a 298 g/L LaCl 3 aqueous solution is replaced by 0.67 L (calculated as La 2 O 3 ) of a 298 g/L LaCl 3 aqueous solution, so that the content of LaCl 3 calculated as La 2 O 3 in the NaY molecular sieve on a dry basis is 20 wt %; the other conditions are the same, and a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve is obtained, which is recorded as Z5.
- step (b) (32 g, 0.225 mol) ammonium oxalate monohydrate is replaced with (12.8 g, 0.09 mol) ammonium oxalate monohydrate, so that 1 wt% La 3+ in the above metal ion exchange slurry is subjected to the first precipitation (temperature is 80°C, time is 0.5 h); the other conditions are the same, and a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve is obtained, recorded as Z6.
- step (d) (25.6 g, 0.18 mol) of ammonium oxalate monohydrate was replaced with (6.4 g, 0.045 mol) of ammonium oxalate monohydrate, so that 0.5 wt% of La 3+ in the above-mentioned cross-baked molecular sieve dry powder was subjected to a second precipitation (temperature of 25°C, time of 0.5 h); the other conditions were the same to obtain a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, recorded as Z7.
- the modified molecular sieve DZ1 was prepared, namely,
- step (d) ammonium oxalate monohydrate (32 g, 0.225 mol) was not added, and other conditions were the same to obtain a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, which was recorded as DZ2.
- step (b) no (25.6 g, 0.18 mol) ammonium oxalate monohydrate was added, and other conditions were the same, to obtain a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, denoted as DZ3.
- step (b) (25.6 g, 0.18 mol) of ammonium oxalate monohydrate and 5 mL of 28% industrial ammonia water were not added, and in step (d), (18 g, 0.187 mol) of ammonium carbonate was not added.
- the other conditions were the same, and a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve was obtained, which was recorded as DZ4.
- the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieves (Z1-Z7 and DZ1-DZ4) obtained in Preparation Examples 1-11 were subjected to a hydrothermal stability test.
- the test conditions include: 100g (dry basis) of modified molecular sieves (Z1-Z7 and DZ1-DZ4) are respectively tableted and crushed into 20-40 mesh particles, and aged for 10 hours under 100% water vapor and 800°C in a fixed bed hydrothermal treatment device, and then the micro-activity index (MA) is measured on a catalytic cracking automatic micro-reaction activity assessor.
- MA micro-activity index
- the slurry was homogenized, spray-formed, and calcined at 450° C. for 30 min to obtain a catalyst precursor.
- the catalyst precursor was mixed with water to form a slurry containing the catalyst precursor with a solid content of 20 wt %, and then mixed with ammonium chloride in sequence. Mix, filter, wash with water 5 times, and dry at 100° C. for 12 h to obtain catalytic cracking catalyst C1;
- the above slurry is sequentially homogenized, spray-formed, and calcined at 470°C for 20 min to obtain a catalyst precursor.
- the catalyst precursor is mixed with water to form a slurry containing the catalyst precursor with a solid content of 25 wt%, which is then sequentially mixed with ammonium chloride, filtered, washed with 8 times of water, and dried at 120°C for 8 h to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst C2.
- the above slurry is sequentially homogenized, spray-formed, and calcined at 460°C for 35 min to obtain a catalyst precursor.
- the catalyst precursor is mixed with water to form a slurry containing the catalyst precursor with a solid content of 20 wt%, which is then sequentially mixed with ammonium chloride, filtered, washed with 5 times of water, and dried at 110°C for 10 h to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst C3.
- the weight ratio of ammonium chloride to the slurry containing the catalyst precursor is 5:100.
- the catalytic cracking catalyst C3 has a Na + content of 0.15 wt% calculated as Na 2 O.
- the above slurry is sequentially homogenized, spray-formed, and calcined at 450°C for 30 min to obtain a catalyst precursor.
- the catalyst precursor is mixed with water to form a slurry containing the catalyst precursor with a solid content of 20 wt%, which is then sequentially mixed with ammonium chloride, filtered, washed with water 6 times, and dried at 110°C for 10 h to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst C4.
- the Na + content in the catalytic cracking catalyst C4, calculated as Na2O , is 0.12 wt%.
- step (1) the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve Z1 is replaced by the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve Z7, and the other conditions are the same, to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst C7.
- the Na + content in the catalytic cracking catalyst DC2, calculated as Na2O , is 0.23 wt%.
- the weight ratio of ammonium chloride to the slurry containing the catalyst precursor is 5:100.
- Example 1 The method of Example 1 is different from that of Example 1:
- the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve Z1 is replaced by the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve DZ4, and the other conditions are the same to obtain the catalytic cracking catalyst DC4.
- the Na + content in the catalytic cracking catalyst DC4, calculated as Na2O , is 0.23 wt%.
- the catalytic cracking catalysts (C1-C7 and DC1-DC4) prepared in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to a reaction performance test, and the test conditions included: the above catalytic cracking catalysts (C1-C7 and DC1-DC4) were contaminated with V: 5000ppm and Ni: 3000ppm, respectively, and treated at 800°C and 100% water vapor for 5h, and then added to the ACE heavy oil microreactor with the feed oil of the 3 million ton heavy oil catalytic unit of Lanzhou Petrochemical, and catalytic cracking was carried out (temperature of 530°C; catalyst-oil ratio of 5) to obtain catalytic cracking products; wherein the catalytic cracking products include: dry gas, liquefied gas, gasoline, diesel, heavy oil and coke, wherein the weight ratio of the catalytic cracking catalyst to the feed oil of the 3 million ton heavy oil catalytic unit of Lanzhou Petrochemical is 5:1, and the test results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (29)
- 一种催化裂化催化剂用组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包含:稀土改性Y型分子筛、粘结剂、基质材料、稀土元素源,以及任选地REUSY分子筛;其中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中,SO4 2-的含量不大于1wt%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,稀土元素源以氧化稀土的重量计,所述组合物中包含:15-35重量%的稀土改性Y型分子筛、0-20重量%的REUSY分子筛、6-30重量%的粘结剂、30-55重量%的基质材料、0.5-4重量%的稀土元素源。
- 根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其中,稀土元素源以氧化稀土的重量计,所述组合物中包含:18-27重量%的稀土改性Y型分子筛、8-15重量%的REUSY分子筛、8-25重量%的粘结剂、35-45重量%的基质材料、0.8-3重量%的稀土元素源。
- 根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中:SO4 2-的含量不大于0.5wt%;和/或钠含量以Na2O计不大于1.5wt%;和/或稀土含量以稀土氧化物计为5wt%-20wt%;和/或所述稀土改性Y型分子筛的结晶度C/C0为50%-80%。
- 根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中:钠含量以Na2O计为0.5wt%-1.2wt%;和/或稀土含量以稀土氧化物计为10-20wt%;和/或所述稀土改性Y型分子筛的结晶度C/C0为58%-65%。
- 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的组合物,其中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛由Na型Y分子筛经过改性处理得到,所述改性处理包括硫酸铵交换处理步骤。
- 根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中,所述改性处理的方法包括:(a)将Na型Y分子筛进行稀土离子交换,得到稀土离子浆液;(b)向稀土离子浆液中加入第一沉淀剂,使得所述稀土离子浆液中部分稀土离子进行第一沉淀,得到第一沉淀浆液;(c)将第一沉淀浆液中的固态物质进行第一硫酸铵交换、第一水洗、第一焙烧,得到一交一焙分子筛干粉;(d)含一交一焙分子筛干粉的浆料与第二沉淀剂混合,使得所述一交一焙分子筛干粉中部分稀土离子进行第二沉淀,再依次进行第二硫酸铵交换、第二水洗、任选地热处理,得到所述稀土改性Y型分子筛。
- 根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,步骤(a)中,稀土离子交换的过程包括:在水存在下,Na型Y分子筛与稀土源进行所述稀土离子交换;和/或所述稀土离子交换的条件包括:温度为室温-180℃;和/或,交换时间为0.3-3.5h;和/或,pH为2.8-6.5。
- 根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中,所述稀土源选自含稀土元素中的至少一种元素的氯酸盐和/或硝酸盐;和/或所述Na型Y分子筛以干基计、稀土源以稀土氧化物计,稀土源在Na型Y分子筛中的含量为1-20重量%;和/或水与Na型Y分子筛的重量比为1.5-30:1。
- 根据权利要求9所述的组合物,其中,所述稀土元素包括镧、铈和钇中的至少一种;和/或所述Na型Y分子筛以干基计、稀土源以稀土氧化物计,稀土源在Na型Y分子筛中的含量为10-16重量%;和/或水与Na型Y分子筛的重量比为2-5:1;和/或所述稀土离子交换的条件包括:温度为50-80℃;和/或,交换时间为0.5-1.5h;和/或,pH为3.5-4.5。
- 根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,步骤(b)中,所述第一沉淀剂的用量满足所述Na型Y分子筛中含量为1-4重量%的稀土离子经所述第一沉淀的摩尔配比;和/或步骤(b)中,所述第一沉淀的条件包括:温度为25-180℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h。
- 根据权利要求11所述的组合物,其中,步骤(b)中,所述第一沉淀剂的用量满足所述Na型Y分子筛中含量为1.5-2.5重量%的稀土离子经所述第一沉淀的摩尔配比;和/或步骤(b)中,所述第一沉淀的条件包括:温度为50-80℃;和/或,时间为0.1-2h。
- 根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,步骤(c)中,所述第一硫酸铵交换中,硫酸铵的用量为Na型Y分子筛重量的5-50重量%;和/或步骤(c)中,第一硫酸铵交换的条件包括:温度为20-85℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h;和/或步骤(c)中,所述第一焙烧的条件包括:100%水蒸气气氛;和/或,温度为400-700℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h。
- 根据权利要求13所述的组合物,其中,步骤(c)中,所述第一硫酸铵交换中,硫酸铵的用量为Na型Y分子筛重量的10-25重量%;和/或步骤(c)中,第一硫酸铵交换的条件包括:温度为50-80℃;和/或,时间为0.1-2h;和/或步骤(c)中,所述第一焙烧的条件包括:温度为500-650℃;和/或,时间为0.5-3h;和/或所述第一硫酸铵交换的过程包括:第一沉淀浆液中的固态物质与硫酸铵水溶液进行第一硫酸铵交换。
- 根据权利要求14所述的组合物,其中,所述硫酸铵水溶液的浓度为20-400g/L。
- 根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,步骤(d)中,所述含一交一焙分子筛干粉的浆料中,水与一交一焙分子筛干粉的重量比为1.5-30:1;和/或步骤(d)中,所述第二沉淀的用量满足所述一交一焙分子筛干粉中含量为0.5-3重量%的稀土离子经所述第二沉淀的摩尔配比;和/或步骤(d)中,所述第二沉淀的条件包括:温度为15-40℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h;和/或步骤(d)中,所述第二硫酸铵交换中,硫酸铵的用量为一交一焙分子筛干粉重量的5-50重量%;和/或步骤(d)中,第二硫酸铵交换的条件包括:温度为20-85℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h;和/或所述热处理包括干燥、第二焙烧,所述第二焙烧的条件包括:含氧气氛中;和/或,温度为400-700℃;和/或,时间为0.1-10h。
- 根据权利要求16所述的组合物,其中,步骤(d)中,所述含一交一焙分子筛干粉的浆料中,水与一交一焙分子筛干粉的重 量比为2-5:1;和/或步骤(d)中,所述第二沉淀的用量满足所述一交一焙分子筛干粉中含量为1-2重量%的稀土离子经所述第二沉淀的摩尔配比;和/或步骤(d)中,所述第二沉淀的条件包括:温度为20-30℃;和/或,时间为0.1-2h;和/或步骤(d)中,所述第二硫酸铵交换中,硫酸铵的用量为一交一焙分子筛干粉重量的10-25重量%;和/或步骤(d)中,第二硫酸铵交换的条件包括:温度为50-80℃;和/或,时间为0.1-2h;和/或所述第二焙烧的条件包括:温度为450-650℃;和/或,时间为0.5-5h。
- 根据权利要求17所述的组合物,其中,所述第二硫酸铵交换的过程为:将第二沉淀的产物和第二硫酸铵水溶液进行第二硫酸铵交换,所述第二硫酸铵水溶液的浓度为20-400g/L。
- 根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,所述Na型Y分子筛包括NaY分子筛、NaHY分子筛、NaUSY分子筛、NaREHY分子筛和NaREUSY分子筛中的至少一种;和/或所述第一沉淀剂和第二沉淀剂各自独立地选自可提供稀土离子产生氧化物沉淀前驱体的阴离子的铵类化合物。
- 根据权利要19所述的组合物,其中,所述第一沉淀剂和第二沉淀剂各自独立地选自草酸铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵和氨水中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的组合物,其中,所述粘结剂包括铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、酸性硅溶胶和磷铝溶胶中的至少一种;和/或所述基质材料包括粘土,所述粘土包括高岭土、埃洛石、多孔石、硅藻土华和水泡石中的至少一种;和/或所述稀土元素源选自氯化稀土、硝酸稀土、氧化稀土、碳酸稀土、草酸稀土和醋酸稀土中的至少一种;和/或所述REUSY分子筛包括LaUSY分子筛、CeUSY分子筛和混合稀土USY分子筛中的至少一种。
- 一种催化裂化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括:(1)将含权利要求1-21中任意一项所述的催化裂化催化剂用组合物的浆料进行均质、成型、第三焙烧得到催化剂前体;(2)催化剂前体进行降钠改性得到所述催化裂化催化剂。
- 根据权利要求22所述的制备方法,其中,含催化裂化催化剂用组合物的浆料的固含量为25%-45wt%;和/或所述第三焙烧的条件包括:温度为400-550℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h;和/或所述降钠改性的方法包括:将含催化剂前体的浆料与铵盐混合得到混合液,之后取混合液中的固体物质进行干燥。
- 根据权利要求23所述的制备方法,其中,含催化裂化催化剂用组合物的浆料的固含量为35wt%-45wt%;和/或所述第三焙烧的条件包括:温度为450-500℃;和/或,时间为0.1-2h;和/或所述铵盐包括氯化铵、磷酸铵、磷酸氢二铵和磷酸二氢铵中的至少一种;和/或所述铵盐与催化剂前体的重量比为2-10:100;和/或所述含催化剂前体的浆料的固含量为0.5wt%-35wt%。
- 一种由权利要求22-24中任意一项所述的制备方法制备得到的催化裂化催化剂。
- 根据权利要求25所述的催化裂化催化剂,其中,所述催化裂化催化剂中,以Na2O计的Na+含量不大于0.2wt%。
- 权利要求25或26所述催化裂化催化剂在重油催化裂化中的应用。
- 根据权利要求27所述的应用,其中,所述催化裂化催化剂在高重金属重油催化裂化中应用。
- 根据权利要求28所述的应用,其中,所述重金属包括V和任选地Ni。
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| CN106925335A (zh) * | 2015-12-29 | 2017-07-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种抗重金属的催化裂化催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN117776204A (zh) * | 2022-09-20 | 2024-03-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 改性分子筛及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN118079993A (zh) * | 2022-11-25 | 2024-05-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 催化裂化催化剂及其制备方法和应用、加工蜡油的方法 |
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