WO2025008007A1 - 催化裂化催化剂用组合物、催化裂化催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

催化裂化催化剂用组合物、催化裂化催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2025008007A1
WO2025008007A1 PCT/CN2024/116743 CN2024116743W WO2025008007A1 WO 2025008007 A1 WO2025008007 A1 WO 2025008007A1 CN 2024116743 W CN2024116743 W CN 2024116743W WO 2025008007 A1 WO2025008007 A1 WO 2025008007A1
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rare earth
molecular sieve
catalytic cracking
ammonium sulfate
type
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
段宏昌
谭争国
胡晓丽
刘涛
景丽
苏怡
刘超伟
郑云锋
曹庚振
陆通
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/02Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/08Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/08Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
    • B01J29/085Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing rare earth elements, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, gallium, indium, thallium, tin or lead
    • B01J29/088Y-type faujasite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/02Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G11/04Oxides
    • C10G11/05Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of catalysts, and in particular to a catalytic cracking catalyst composition, a catalytic cracking catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • catalytic cracking occupies an important position in my country, with a processing capacity of more than 200 million tons.
  • Residual oil usually contains high levels of heavy metals such as V, which easily form vanadic acid during the catalytic cracking process, resulting in permanent destruction of the molecular sieve structure of the catalyst's active component, resulting in a decrease in the heavy oil conversion capacity and the formation of polluted coke.
  • V heavy metals
  • catalytic cracking units directly or indirectly emit a large amount of greenhouse gases. Carbon emission control of catalytic cracking units has become a key research topic in the petrochemical industry. Therefore, it is urgent to develop heavy metal-resistant and low-coking heavy oil catalytic cracking catalysts to reduce carbon emissions from catalytic cracking units.
  • CN202010203656.9 discloses a heavy metal pollution resistant catalytic cracking catalyst and its preparation method and application, and relates to a heavy metal pollution resistant catalytic cracking catalyst, the catalytic cracking catalyst has a core-shell structure, the core-shell structure includes a core containing catalytic cracking catalyst finished particles, and a shell containing rare earth metal oxides.
  • the catalytic cracking catalyst of the present invention has good anti-heavy metal vanadium pollution effect, and when it is used in the catalytic cracking process of high vanadium raw oil, the conversion rate of raw oil is high, and the selectivity of dry gas and coke is low.
  • CN1073614C discloses a method for preparing a rare earth-containing hydrocarbon cracking catalyst resistant to vanadium poisoning, the method is to precipitate a mixed rare earth solution with a precipitant selected from ammonia, ammonium hydrogen phosphate or ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate or a mixture thereof, mix it with a carrier slurry and a molecular sieve slurry, and then spray dry it to form.
  • CN1223403C discloses a novel matrix type heavy metal resistant FCC catalyst and its preparation method.
  • the catalyst contains 20-80m% clay, 5-40m% binder, 1-25m% metal capture component (such as rare earth oxalate), 0-30m% other oxides (such as activated alumina), 5-40m% selected from faujasite zeolite, ZSM-5 zeolite, beta zeolite or mixture thereof with a unit cell constant of 2.432-2.472nm.
  • the catalyst has excellent heavy metal resistance and is suitable as a catalyst for cracking heavy oil with high content of Ni, V, etc.
  • CN201210420981.6 discloses a metal collector and its preparation method and application, wherein the metal collector contains magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide and phosphorus aluminum additive, and at least part of the magnesium oxide and at least part of the aluminum oxide form a magnesium aluminum spinel structure, wherein the bulk density of the metal collector is 0.85-1.2g/ cm3 .
  • CN201110100491.3 discloses a silicon-supported lanthanum carbonate microsphere anti-vanadium additive for use in the heavy oil catalytic cracking process and a preparation method thereof.
  • Y-type molecular sieve is still the main active component of FCC catalyst due to its unique three-dimensional pore structure, suitable acidity and good stability. Its performance determines the activity, stability, heavy oil conversion performance, heavy metal resistance and product selectivity of the catalyst.
  • NaY molecular sieve itself is not acidic, and usually needs to be exchanged and modified to remove its Na ions and adjust its acidity and pore structure.
  • the commonly used modification method is to use ammonium salt and/or rare earth for exchange, and prepare modified REHY or REUSY molecular sieves with different acidity and pore structure through thermal or hydrothermal calcination.
  • the preparation methods of REHY or REUSY molecular sieves can be roughly divided into two categories: one is to first exchange a small amount of rare earth ions and/or ammonium ions with NaY molecular sieve, and then carry out rare earth ions and/or ammonium ions or dealumination after calcination to make REUSY molecular sieve; the other is to first make NaY molecular sieve into USY molecular sieve, and then exchange rare earth to prepare REUSY.
  • CN200610087535.2 discloses a method for preparing a REY molecular sieve.
  • the NaY molecular sieve is contacted with an aqueous solution containing rare earth ions or with an aqueous solution containing rare earth ions and a solution or colloid containing aluminum ions, and then contacted with an external precipitant to precipitate part of the rare earth on the molecular sieve, and then subjected to hydrothermal treatment, and finally contacted with an ammonium salt aqueous solution, so that the prepared molecular sieve has a strong vanadium resistance.
  • CN200710121664.3 provides a catalytic cracking catalyst, containing 10-50% by weight of REY molecular sieve on a dry basis, 10-40% by weight of inorganic oxide binder on an oxide basis, and 10-70% by weight of clay on a dry basis; wherein the REY molecular sieve is prepared by the following method: after contacting the NaY molecular sieve with an aqueous solution containing rare earth ions or with an aqueous solution containing rare earth ions and a solution or colloid containing aluminum ions, contacting with an external precipitant to precipitate part of the rare earth on the molecular sieve, then performing hydrothermal treatment, and finally contacting with an ammonium salt aqueous solution, wherein the precipitant is an alkaline aqueous solution.
  • the catalyst of the invention has a strong heavy oil cracking ability, a high gasoline yield, and a strong ability to resist vanadium pollution.
  • CN201511020519.7 provides a method for preparing a modified Y-type molecular sieve, which comprises exchanging the NaY molecular sieve with an ammonium salt, mixing a compound containing a IIIB element in the periodic table after filtering, spray drying and hydrothermal roasting without washing, and then exchanging with an ammonium salt, adding a precipitant or a precipitant and a filter aid, and performing or not performing hydrothermal roasting after filtering.
  • the IIIB element is basically not lost, the exchange slurry is easy to filter, the molecular sieve yield is high, and it has excellent activity, hydrothermal stability and resistance to heavy metal pollution.
  • CN201280056377.8 discloses a method for ion exchange on zeolite.
  • the invention relates to an improved method for exchanging sodium ions in a zeolite containing sodium ions and rare earth metal ions for ammonium ions.
  • aqueous solutions of ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium chloride are currently used.
  • the resulting "ammonium zeolites" are calcined to convert them into H-form zeolites suitable for use as catalysts, while releasing ammonia.
  • it is proposed to use ammonium carbonate instead of the ammonium compounds mentioned.
  • ammonium carbonate In contrast to nitrates, sulfates or chlorides, because excess ammonium carbonate can be recycled in the form of carbon dioxide and ammonia, the amount of salt that has to be discharged can be significantly reduced. The use of ammonium carbonate also minimizes the amount of rare earth metal ions leached from zeolites containing rare earth metal ions.
  • rare earth and ammonium salt are exchanged simultaneously, but due to the competitive exchange, the exchange efficiency is low; ammonium salt exchange If it is carried out before rare earth exchange, the use of ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate will cause problems such as high cost and equipment corrosion. In order to avoid the formation of sulfate precipitation, a large amount of water washing is required to remove sulfate ions by using low-cost recyclable ammonium sulfate, which will increase water consumption.
  • rare earth modified molecular sieves After the hydrothermal roasting of rare earth modified molecular sieves, it is inevitable that some rare earths cannot be located in the sodalite cage, so that ammonium sulfate exchange is used in the subsequent period, resulting in the formation of rare earth sulfate precipitation, resulting in an increase in molecular sieve sulfate ions and a decrease in crystallinity. Although pre-exchange can reduce the sodium oxide and sulfate ions of the modified molecular sieve, it has the problems of long process, water consumption and high cost. REY molecular sieves prepared without ammonium salts have the problem of high coke generation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, such as the complicated catalyst preparation process, dilution of the cracking activity of the main agent, and reduction in the yield of high-value products such as gasoline and liquefied gas.
  • a catalytic cracking catalyst composition a catalytic cracking catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the catalytic cracking catalyst prepared using the composition has excellent heavy metal pollution resistance and coke selectivity.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a catalytic cracking catalyst composition, comprising: a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, a binder, a matrix material, a rare earth element source, and optionally a REUSY molecular sieve, wherein the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve has a SO 4 2- content of no more than 1 wt%.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a catalytic cracking catalyst, the method comprising:
  • the catalyst precursor is modified by reducing sodium to obtain the catalytic cracking catalyst.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides a catalytic cracking catalyst prepared by the method for preparing the catalytic cracking catalyst described in the second aspect of the present invention.
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention provides use of the catalytic cracking catalyst of the present invention in catalytic cracking of heavy oil.
  • the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
  • composition of the present invention interact with each other, significantly improving its activity, stability and heavy oil conversion capacity; on the other hand, since the independent phase rare earth material on the outer surface of the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve can preferentially react with heavy metals, such as V, to form heavy metal acid rare earth, thereby effectively protecting the molecular sieve crystal structure and inhibiting the formation of contaminated coke;
  • heavy metals such as V
  • the catalytic cracking catalyst prepared using the composition of the present invention has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coking.
  • first”, “second” and “third” do not indicate a sequence or limit the materials or steps, but are only used to distinguish that they are not the same steps or materials.
  • first and “second” in “first roasting” and “second roasting” are only used to indicate that they are not the same roasting.
  • drying involved in the present invention is a conventional operation method in the art, and can be dried under normal pressure or under vacuum conditions, generally dried at normal pressure and 80-120° C. for 8-36 hours.
  • the room temperature involved in the present invention is "15-25°C”.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a catalytic cracking catalyst composition, comprising: a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, a binder, a matrix material, a rare earth element source, and optionally a REUSY molecular sieve, wherein the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve has a SO 4 2- content of no more than 1 wt%.
  • the rare earth element source in the present invention refers to a raw material that can provide rare earth elements.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found through research that the rare earth material in the catalyst prepared from the composition of the present invention can preferably form heavy metal acid rare earth with heavy metals, such as V, thereby effectively protecting the molecular sieve crystal structure and inhibiting the formation of contaminated coke.
  • the catalyst has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation when used.
  • the rare earth element source is calculated by the weight of rare earth oxide, and the composition comprises: 15-35 wt% of rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, 0-20 wt% of REUSY molecular sieve, 6-30 wt% of binder, 30-55 wt% of matrix material, and 0.5-4 wt% of rare earth element source.
  • the catalyst prepared by the composition under the aforementioned embodiment has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance, and low coke generation when used.
  • the rare earth element source is calculated by the weight of rare earth oxide, and the composition comprises: 18-27 wt% of rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, 8-15 wt% of REUSY molecular sieve, 8-25 wt% of binder, 35-45 wt% of matrix material, and 0.8-3 wt% of rare earth element source.
  • the catalyst prepared using the composition under the aforementioned embodiment has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance, and low coke generation when used.
  • the content of SO 4 2- is not more than 0.5wt%, for example, 0.01wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.27wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.32wt%, 0.41wt%, 0.45wt%, 0.5wt%, or a range consisting of any two of the above values, preferably 0.01-0.45wt%.
  • the catalyst prepared using the composition under the above embodiment has better stability and metal utilization, and when used for catalytic cracking, it has excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation effects.
  • the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve has a sodium content of no more than 1.5wt% in terms of Na2O , for example, 0.2wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.62wt%, 0.82wt%, 0.92wt%, 0.98wt%, 1.1wt%, 1.2wt%, 0.5wt%, or a range consisting of any two of the above values, preferably 0.5wt%-1.2wt%.
  • the catalyst prepared using the composition under the above embodiment has better stability and metal utilization, and has excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation effects when used for catalytic cracking.
  • the rare earth content is 5wt%-20wt% in terms of rare earth oxide, for example, 5wt%, 6wt%, 9wt%, 10wt%, 10.4wt%, 12.4wt%, 14.3wt%, 15.6wt%, 16.1wt%, 16.2wt%, 19.8wt%, 20wt%, or a range consisting of any two of the above values, preferably
  • the catalyst prepared by using the composition in the above embodiment has better stability and metal utilization, can effectively protect the crystal structure of the catalyst, and inhibits the generation of polluted coke.
  • the crystallinity C/ C0 of the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve is 50%-80%, for example, 50%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 63%, 65%, 70%, 80%, or a range consisting of any two of the above values, preferably 58%-65%.
  • the catalyst prepared using the composition under the aforementioned embodiment has better stability and metal utilization, and when used for catalytic cracking, it has excellent resistance to heavy metals and low coke generation.
  • the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve is obtained by modifying the Na-type Y molecular sieve, and preferably the modification treatment includes an ammonium sulfate exchange treatment step.
  • the modification method comprises:
  • the above-mentioned modification treatment avoids the formation of precipitation of free metal ions and sulfate in the exchange system solution, on the surface of the molecular sieve or in the supercage during the subsequent ammonium sulfate exchange and sodium reduction process.
  • the purpose of reducing sulfate is achieved and the crystallinity and stability of the molecular sieve are improved.
  • the utilization rate of the modified metal is improved, and the activity, stability and heavy oil conversion capacity of the catalyst prepared by the composition of the present invention can be significantly improved.
  • the independent phase rare earth material on the surface of the catalyst can preferentially generate vanadate rare earth with heavy metal V, thereby effectively protecting the molecular sieve crystal structure and inhibiting the generation of contaminated coke, thereby making the catalyst have the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion capacity, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation.
  • the rare earth ion exchange process comprises: in the presence of water, the Na type Y molecular sieve and the rare earth source carry out the rare earth ion exchange; specifically, after the Na type Y molecular sieve and water are mixed, a rare earth source solution containing the rare earth source is added to carry out the rare earth ion exchange; wherein, preferably, the weight ratio of water to the Na type Y molecular sieve is 1.5-30:1, preferably 2-5:1; the solvent in the rare earth source solution is not particularly limited, and any good solvent that can dissolve the rare earth source can be used, and in the present invention, it is water, and the concentration of the rare earth source solution is generally 200-400g/L.
  • the rare earth source is selected from chlorates and/or nitrates containing at least one rare earth element, and preferably the rare earth element includes at least one of lanthanum, cerium and yttrium.
  • the Na-type Y molecular sieve is calculated on a dry basis
  • the rare earth source is calculated on a rare earth oxide basis
  • the content of the rare earth source in the Na-type Y molecular sieve is 1-20% by weight, preferably 10-16% by weight.
  • the rare earth ion exchange conditions include: a temperature of room temperature-180°C, preferably 50-80°C.
  • the rare earth ion exchange conditions include: an exchange time of 0.3-3.5 h, preferably 0.5-1.5 h.
  • the rare earth ion exchange conditions include: pH 2.8-6.5, preferably 3.5-4.5.
  • the amount of the first precipitant added in the present invention is determined according to the amount of rare earth ions in the rare earth ion exchange slurry.
  • the amount of the first precipitant satisfies the molar ratio of the rare earth ions with a content of 1-4% by weight in the Na-type Y molecular sieve through the first precipitation, preferably satisfies the molar ratio of the rare earth ions with a content of 1.5-2.5% by weight in the Na-type Y molecular sieve through the first precipitation.
  • the aforementioned implementation method is adopted to avoid the formation of precipitation of free RE ions and sulfate in the exchange system solution, on the surface of the molecular sieve or in the super cage during the subsequent ammonium sulfate exchange and sodium reduction process, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing sulfate, improving the crystallinity and stability of the molecular sieve, and at the same time improving the utilization rate of rare earths, forming an independent phase rare earth component resistant to heavy metals on the surface of the molecular sieve, and improving the heavy metal pollution resistance of the catalyst.
  • the conditions for the first precipitation are not particularly limited.
  • the conditions for the first precipitation include: a temperature of 25-180°C, preferably 50-80°C; and/or a time of 0.1-5h, preferably 0.1-2h.
  • the first precipitation slurry contains solid matter and solvents such as water
  • the method for obtaining the solid matter in the first precipitation slurry is not particularly limited, for example, it can be obtained by filtering, drying, etc.
  • the first ammonium sulfate exchange refers to the first ammonium sulfate exchange using ammonium sulfate.
  • the amount of ammonium sulfate used is 5-50% by weight of the weight of the Na-type Y molecular sieve, preferably 10-25% by weight.
  • the conditions for the first ammonium sulfate exchange are not particularly limited.
  • the conditions for the first ammonium sulfate exchange include: a temperature of 20-85°C, preferably 50-80°C; and/or a time of 0.1-5h, preferably 0.1-2h.
  • the first ammonium sulfate exchange process comprises: performing a first ammonium sulfate exchange between the solid matter in the first precipitation slurry and an ammonium sulfate aqueous solution, more preferably, the concentration of the ammonium sulfate aqueous solution is 20-400 g/L, and further preferably, the concentration of the ammonium sulfate aqueous solution is 120-250 g/L.
  • the first water washing in step (c) of the present invention refers to washing the solid matter obtained by the first ammonium sulfate exchange with water.
  • the method of the water washing is not particularly limited.
  • the solid matter obtained by the first ammonium sulfate exchange is eluted with water having a weight of 1-8 times, preferably 2-5 times, the weight of the Na-type Y molecular sieve.
  • the first calcination condition includes: 100% water vapor atmosphere.
  • the catalyst prepared using the composition under the above embodiment has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke formation when used.
  • the conditions of the first calcination include: a temperature of 400-700°C, preferably 500-650°C.
  • step (c) in step (c), the conditions of the first calcination include: time is 0.1-5h, preferably 0.5-3h.
  • the slurry containing cross-linked and roasted molecular sieve dry powder in the present invention refers to a slurry obtained by mixing water and cross-linked and roasted molecular sieve dry powder.
  • the weight ratio of water to cross-linked and roasted molecular sieve dry powder in the slurry containing cross-linked and roasted molecular sieve dry powder is 1.5-30:1, preferably 2-5:1.
  • the amount of the second precipitate satisfies the molar ratio of the rare earth ions in the cross-baked molecular sieve dry powder of 0.5-3 wt% through the second precipitate, preferably satisfies the molar ratio of the rare earth ions in the cross-baked molecular sieve dry powder of 1-2 wt% through the second precipitate.
  • the conditions for the second precipitation are not particularly limited.
  • the conditions for the second precipitation include: a temperature of 15-40°C, preferably 20-30°C; and/or a time of 0.1-5h, preferably 0.1-2h.
  • the second ammonium sulfate exchange refers to the use of ammonium sulfate for the second ammonium sulfate exchange.
  • the amount of ammonium sulfate used is 5-50% by weight of the cross-baked molecular sieve dry powder, preferably 10-25% by weight.
  • the conditions for the first ammonium sulfate exchange are not particularly limited.
  • the conditions for the second ammonium sulfate exchange include: a temperature of 20-85°C, preferably 50-80°C; and/or a time of 0.1-5h, preferably 0.1-2h.
  • the second ammonium sulfate exchange process is: subjecting the second precipitated product and the second ammonium sulfate aqueous solution to a second ammonium sulfate exchange, preferably the concentration of the second ammonium sulfate aqueous solution is 20-400 g/L, preferably 120-250 g/L.
  • the exchange process of the first ammonium sulfate exchange and the second ammonium sulfate exchange in the present invention can use tank exchange, belt exchange, or tank exchange and belt exchange can be carried out simultaneously.
  • the present invention has no special limitation on this and will not be elaborated in detail in the present invention.
  • the second water washing in step (d) of the present invention refers to washing the solid matter obtained by the second ammonium sulfate exchange with water.
  • the method of the water washing is not particularly limited.
  • the solid matter obtained by the second ammonium sulfate exchange is washed with water having a weight of 1 to 8 times, preferably 2 to 5 times, the weight of the cross-baked molecular sieve dry powder.
  • the heat treatment includes drying and a second calcination.
  • the second calcination condition includes: in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
  • the oxygen-containing atmosphere in the present invention includes oxygen or air, and air is preferred in the present invention.
  • the conditions for the second calcination include: a temperature of 400-700°C, preferably 450-650°C.
  • the conditions for the second calcination include: a time of 0.1-10 h, preferably 0.5-5 h.
  • the Na-type Y molecular sieve includes at least one of NaY molecular sieve, NaHY molecular sieve, NaUSY molecular sieve, NaREHY molecular sieve and NaREUSY molecular sieve, preferably NaY molecular sieve.
  • the specific types of the first precipitant and the second precipitant are not particularly limited.
  • the first precipitant and the second precipitant are each independently selected from ammonium compounds that can provide rare earth ions to produce anions of oxide precipitation precursors, preferably selected from one or more of ammonium oxalate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water.
  • the type of the matrix material is not particularly limited.
  • the matrix material includes clay; more preferably, the clay includes at least one of kaolin, halloysite, porphyrolith, diatomaceous earth and vesicle.
  • the rare earth element source is selected from at least one of rare earth chloride, rare earth nitrate, rare earth oxide, rare earth carbonate, rare earth oxalate and rare earth acetate, preferably rare earth oxalate and/or rare earth oxide; wherein the rare earth metal elements in the rare earth element source are not particularly limited, for example, lanthanum and/or cerium.
  • the REUSY molecular sieve includes at least one of LaUSY molecular sieve, CeUSY molecular sieve and mixed rare earth USY molecular sieve; mixed rare earth USY molecular sieve refers to a molecular sieve containing at least two different types of rare earth elements, such as La and Ce.
  • the catalyst prepared by the above composition has good resistance to heavy metal pollution, especially vanadium pollution. When it is used in the catalytic cracking process of high-vanadium heavy oil, the conversion rate of heavy oil is high, and the selectivity of dry gas and coke is low.
  • the REUSY used in the present invention has a RE 2 O 3 content of 1.8 wt%, specifically 1.44 wt% of La 2 O 3 and 0.36 wt% of Ce 2 O 3 , to exemplify the advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a catalytic cracking catalyst, the method comprising:
  • the catalyst precursor is modified by reducing sodium to obtain the catalytic cracking catalyst.
  • the catalyst prepared in the present invention has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation.
  • the slurry containing the composition for catalytic cracking catalyst of the present invention refers to a slurry obtained by mixing the composition of the present invention with whom.
  • the mixing conditions are not particularly limited, and the mixing is preferably carried out at room temperature; preferably, the solid content of the slurry containing the composition for catalytic cracking catalyst is 25%-45wt%, preferably 35wt%-45wt%.
  • the molding method in step (1) of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is preferably spray molding, which is a conventional technical means in the art and will not be described in detail in the present invention.
  • the conditions of the third calcination include: a temperature of 400-550° C., preferably 450-500° C.; and/or a time of 0.1-5 h, preferably 0.1-2 h.
  • the sodium reduction modification method comprises: mixing a slurry containing a catalyst precursor with an ammonium salt to obtain a mixed liquid, and then drying the solid matter in the mixed liquid.
  • the catalyst precursor-containing slurry in the present invention refers to a slurry obtained by mixing a catalyst precursor and water.
  • the solid content of the catalyst precursor-containing slurry is 0.5 wt%-35 wt%, preferably 20 wt%-25 wt%.
  • the ammonium salt includes at least one of ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and diammonium dihydrogen phosphate, preferably ammonium chloride.
  • the weight ratio of the ammonium salt to the catalyst precursor is 2-10:100, preferably 3-6:100.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides a catalytic cracking catalyst prepared by the method for preparing the catalytic cracking catalyst described in the second aspect of the present invention.
  • the catalyst of the present invention has the characteristics of high activity, good stability, strong heavy oil conversion ability, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation.
  • the Na + content in the catalytic cracking catalyst calculated as Na2O is not more than 0.2wt%, preferably 0.1-0.18wt%.
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention provides use of the catalytic cracking catalyst of the present invention in catalytic cracking of heavy oil.
  • the catalyst of the present invention has the advantages of high activity, good stability and strong heavy oil conversion capacity when used in heavy oil catalytic cracking.
  • the catalytic cracking catalyst of the present invention is used in the catalytic cracking of high heavy metal heavy oil, and preferably the heavy metals include V and optionally Ni.
  • the catalyst of the present invention has good resistance to heavy metal pollution, especially vanadium pollution, and has the characteristics of high conversion rate, excellent heavy metal resistance and low coke generation when used in the catalytic cracking process of high-vanadium heavy oil.
  • Micro-reaction activity The samples were pre-treated at 800°C and 100% steam for different time periods.
  • the reaction raw material was Dagang light diesel oil
  • the reaction temperature was 460°C
  • the reaction time was 70 seconds
  • the catalyst loading was 5.0 grams
  • the catalyst-oil weight ratio was 3.2
  • the total conversion rate was taken as the micro-reaction activity.
  • the catalyst sample was pre-contaminated with V: 5000ppm and Ni: 3000ppm, and treated at 800°C, 100% water vapor for 5h, reaction temperature 530°C, catalyst-oil ratio of 5, and feedstock oil from Lanzhou Petrochemical's 3 million tons heavy oil catalytic unit.
  • NaY molecular sieve NaY (silicon-aluminum ratio 5.1, crystallinity 95%), produced by Changting Catalyst Co., Ltd.
  • Rare earth solution Rare earth chloride and rare earth nitrate are both industrial products collected from the catalyst plant of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company.
  • ammonium sulfate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia water, urea, ammonium acetate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate are all analytical grade.
  • step (a) 0.537 L (calculated as La 2 O 3 ) of a 298 g/L LaCl 3 aqueous solution is replaced by 0.67 L (calculated as La 2 O 3 ) of a 298 g/L LaCl 3 aqueous solution, so that the content of LaCl 3 calculated as La 2 O 3 in the NaY molecular sieve on a dry basis is 20 wt %; the other conditions are the same, and a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve is obtained, which is recorded as Z5.
  • step (b) (32 g, 0.225 mol) ammonium oxalate monohydrate is replaced with (12.8 g, 0.09 mol) ammonium oxalate monohydrate, so that 1 wt% La 3+ in the above metal ion exchange slurry is subjected to the first precipitation (temperature is 80°C, time is 0.5 h); the other conditions are the same, and a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve is obtained, recorded as Z6.
  • step (d) (25.6 g, 0.18 mol) of ammonium oxalate monohydrate was replaced with (6.4 g, 0.045 mol) of ammonium oxalate monohydrate, so that 0.5 wt% of La 3+ in the above-mentioned cross-baked molecular sieve dry powder was subjected to a second precipitation (temperature of 25°C, time of 0.5 h); the other conditions were the same to obtain a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, recorded as Z7.
  • the modified molecular sieve DZ1 was prepared, namely,
  • step (d) ammonium oxalate monohydrate (32 g, 0.225 mol) was not added, and other conditions were the same to obtain a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, which was recorded as DZ2.
  • step (b) no (25.6 g, 0.18 mol) ammonium oxalate monohydrate was added, and other conditions were the same, to obtain a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve, denoted as DZ3.
  • step (b) (25.6 g, 0.18 mol) of ammonium oxalate monohydrate and 5 mL of 28% industrial ammonia water were not added, and in step (d), (18 g, 0.187 mol) of ammonium carbonate was not added.
  • the other conditions were the same, and a rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve was obtained, which was recorded as DZ4.
  • the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieves (Z1-Z7 and DZ1-DZ4) obtained in Preparation Examples 1-11 were subjected to a hydrothermal stability test.
  • the test conditions include: 100g (dry basis) of modified molecular sieves (Z1-Z7 and DZ1-DZ4) are respectively tableted and crushed into 20-40 mesh particles, and aged for 10 hours under 100% water vapor and 800°C in a fixed bed hydrothermal treatment device, and then the micro-activity index (MA) is measured on a catalytic cracking automatic micro-reaction activity assessor.
  • MA micro-activity index
  • the slurry was homogenized, spray-formed, and calcined at 450° C. for 30 min to obtain a catalyst precursor.
  • the catalyst precursor was mixed with water to form a slurry containing the catalyst precursor with a solid content of 20 wt %, and then mixed with ammonium chloride in sequence. Mix, filter, wash with water 5 times, and dry at 100° C. for 12 h to obtain catalytic cracking catalyst C1;
  • the above slurry is sequentially homogenized, spray-formed, and calcined at 470°C for 20 min to obtain a catalyst precursor.
  • the catalyst precursor is mixed with water to form a slurry containing the catalyst precursor with a solid content of 25 wt%, which is then sequentially mixed with ammonium chloride, filtered, washed with 8 times of water, and dried at 120°C for 8 h to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst C2.
  • the above slurry is sequentially homogenized, spray-formed, and calcined at 460°C for 35 min to obtain a catalyst precursor.
  • the catalyst precursor is mixed with water to form a slurry containing the catalyst precursor with a solid content of 20 wt%, which is then sequentially mixed with ammonium chloride, filtered, washed with 5 times of water, and dried at 110°C for 10 h to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst C3.
  • the weight ratio of ammonium chloride to the slurry containing the catalyst precursor is 5:100.
  • the catalytic cracking catalyst C3 has a Na + content of 0.15 wt% calculated as Na 2 O.
  • the above slurry is sequentially homogenized, spray-formed, and calcined at 450°C for 30 min to obtain a catalyst precursor.
  • the catalyst precursor is mixed with water to form a slurry containing the catalyst precursor with a solid content of 20 wt%, which is then sequentially mixed with ammonium chloride, filtered, washed with water 6 times, and dried at 110°C for 10 h to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst C4.
  • the Na + content in the catalytic cracking catalyst C4, calculated as Na2O , is 0.12 wt%.
  • step (1) the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve Z1 is replaced by the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve Z7, and the other conditions are the same, to obtain a catalytic cracking catalyst C7.
  • the Na + content in the catalytic cracking catalyst DC2, calculated as Na2O , is 0.23 wt%.
  • the weight ratio of ammonium chloride to the slurry containing the catalyst precursor is 5:100.
  • Example 1 The method of Example 1 is different from that of Example 1:
  • the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve Z1 is replaced by the rare earth modified Y-type molecular sieve DZ4, and the other conditions are the same to obtain the catalytic cracking catalyst DC4.
  • the Na + content in the catalytic cracking catalyst DC4, calculated as Na2O , is 0.23 wt%.
  • the catalytic cracking catalysts (C1-C7 and DC1-DC4) prepared in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to a reaction performance test, and the test conditions included: the above catalytic cracking catalysts (C1-C7 and DC1-DC4) were contaminated with V: 5000ppm and Ni: 3000ppm, respectively, and treated at 800°C and 100% water vapor for 5h, and then added to the ACE heavy oil microreactor with the feed oil of the 3 million ton heavy oil catalytic unit of Lanzhou Petrochemical, and catalytic cracking was carried out (temperature of 530°C; catalyst-oil ratio of 5) to obtain catalytic cracking products; wherein the catalytic cracking products include: dry gas, liquefied gas, gasoline, diesel, heavy oil and coke, wherein the weight ratio of the catalytic cracking catalyst to the feed oil of the 3 million ton heavy oil catalytic unit of Lanzhou Petrochemical is 5:1, and the test results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

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Abstract

一种催化裂化催化剂用组合物、催化裂化催化剂及其制备方法和应用。所述组合物包含:稀土改性Y型分子筛、粘结剂、基质材料、稀土元素源,以及任选地REUSY分子筛,其中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中,SO 4 2-的含量不大于1wt%。使用所述组合物制备得到的催化裂化催化剂具有活性高、稳定性好、重油转化能力强、抗重金属性能优、生焦低的特点。

Description

催化裂化催化剂用组合物、催化裂化催化剂及其制备方法和应用
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2023年7月4日提交的中国专利申请202310812512.7的权益,该申请的内容通过引用被合并于本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂领域,具体涉及一种催化裂化催化剂用组合物、催化裂化催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
催化裂化作为重油轻质化的主要手段,在我国占有重要地位,加工能力超过2亿吨。为了提升装置经济效益,实现原油资源的“吃干榨尽”,往往需要提升装置的渣油掺炼比例,而渣油里通常含有较高的重金属V等,其在催化裂化过程中容易形成钒酸,从而导致催化剂活性组分分子筛结构永久破坏,导致重油转化能力下降,污染焦生成。同时,催化裂化装置作为炼厂最大的碳排放源,直接或间接地排放了大量的温室气体,催化裂化装置的碳排放控制已经成为了石油化工行业的重点研究课题。因此,亟需开发抗重金属低生焦重油催化裂化催化剂,降低催化裂化装置的碳排放。
现有的抗重金属催化剂的技术一般是在成型过程中添加抗重金属基质、在载体上进行金属涂层的设计或者制备抗重金属助剂。CN202010203656.9公开了一种抗重金属污染的催化裂化催化剂及其制备方法和应用,涉及一种抗重金属污染的催化裂化催化剂,催化裂化催化剂具有核壳结构,核壳结构包括含有催化裂化催化剂成品颗粒的内核,以及含有稀土金属氧化物的外壳。本发明的催化裂化催化剂抗重金属钒污染效果好,将其用于高钒原料油催化裂化过程时原料油的转化率高,干气和焦炭的选择性低。CN1073614C公开了一种含稀土的抗钒中毒的烃类裂化催化剂的制备方法,该方法是将混合稀土溶液用选自氨水、磷酸氢铵或磷酸铵、碳酸铵或者是它们的混合物的一种沉淀剂沉淀后,将其与载体浆液和分子筛浆液混合,然后喷雾干燥成形。该方法工艺简单,且所得催化剂具有良好的抗钒中毒性能。CN1223403C公开了一种新基质型抗重金属的FCC催化剂及其制备方法。这种催化剂含有20~80m%的粘土、5~40m%的粘结剂、1~25m%的金属捕集组分(如草酸稀土)、0~30m%的其他氧化物(如活性氧化铝)、5~40m%的选自晶胞常数为2.432~2.472nm的八面沸石、ZSM-5沸石、β沸石或其混合物。该催化剂具有优良的抗重金属性能,适用于作为裂化Ni、V等含量较高的重油的催化剂。CN201210420981.6公开一种金属捕集剂及其制备方法和应用,金属捕集剂中含有氧化镁、氧化铝和磷铝助剂,且至少部分氧化镁和至少部分氧化铝形成镁铝尖晶石结构,其中,金属捕集剂的堆积密度为0.85-1.2g/cm3。CN201110100491.3公开了一种用于重质油催化裂化过程中的硅载体碳酸镧微球抗钒助剂及其制备方法,当其以助剂形式用于重质油催化裂化过程中时,能降低进料油中钒对系统中催化剂的中毒作用,提高转化效率和轻质烃的收率并具有低的焦炭产率。
已有技术对于捕集重金属V,抑制其对分子筛活性组分的破坏都有一定的作用,然而 也存在制备过程复杂,稀释主剂的裂化活性,导致产品中汽油和液化气等高价值产品的收率降低等问题。Y型分子筛由于其具有独特的三维孔道结构和适宜的酸性及良好的稳定性,依然是FCC催化剂的主要活性组分,其性能决定了催化剂的活性、稳定性、重油转化性能、抗重金属性能和产品选择性。NaY分子筛本身不具有酸性,通常需要进行交换改性,去除其Na离子,调变其酸性和孔道结构。目前常用的改性方法是采用铵盐或/和稀土进行交换,经过热或水热焙烧制备不同酸性和孔道结构的改性REHY或REUSY型分子筛。目前REHY或REUSY型分子筛制备方法大致分为两类:一是将NaY分子筛先交换少量稀土离子和或铵根离子,焙烧后进行稀土离子和或铵根离子或是脱铝处理制成REUSY分子筛;二是先将NaY分子筛先制成USY分子筛,然后再交换稀土制备REUSY。
CN200610087535.2公开了一种REY分子筛的制备方法。将NaY分子筛与含稀土离子的水溶液接触或者与含稀土离子的水溶液和含铝离子的溶液或胶体接触后,与外加沉淀剂接触使部分稀土沉淀在分子筛上,再进行水热处理,最后与铵盐水溶液接触,制备的分子筛抗钒能力强。
CN200710121664.3提供了一种催化裂化催化剂,含有以干基计10重量%-50重量%的REY型分子筛、以氧化物计10重量-40重量%的无机氧化物粘结剂和以干基计10重量-70重量%的粘土;其中,所述REY分子筛由以下方法制备:将NaY分子筛与含稀土离子的水溶液接触或者与含稀土离子的水溶液和含铝离子的溶液或胶体接触后,与外加沉淀剂接触使部分稀土沉淀在分子筛上,再进行水热处理,最后与铵盐水溶液接触,其中所述的沉淀剂为碱性水溶液。发明的催化剂重油裂化能力强,汽油收率高,抗钒污染能力强。
CN201511020519.7提供了一种改性Y型分子筛的制备方法,该方法包括将NaY分子筛先用铵盐交换,过滤后混合含元素周期表中ⅢB元素的化合物,不经洗涤直接进行喷雾干燥和水热焙烧,然后再用铵盐交换,加入沉淀剂或者沉淀剂和助滤剂,过滤后进行或不进行水热焙烧。本发明方法Y型分子筛制备过程中ⅢB元素基本不损失,交换浆液容易过滤,分子筛收率高,同时具有优良的活性、水热稳定性和抗重金属污染性能。
CN201280056377.8公开了在沸石上离子交换的方法。发明涉及一种将含有钠离子和稀土金属离子的沸石中的钠离子交换为铵离子的改进方法。为了该交换,目前使用铵盐如硫酸铵、硝酸铵或氯化铵的水溶液。将所得“铵沸石”煅烧以将它们转化为适用作催化剂的H形式的沸石,同时释放氨。根据本发明提议使用碳酸铵而非所提及的铵化合物。与硝酸盐、硫酸盐或氯化物相反,因为过量的碳酸铵可以二氧化碳和氨的形式再循环,因此可显著降低不得不排出的盐的量。使用碳酸铵也使从含有稀土金属离子的沸石浸出的稀土金属离子的量最小化。
预交换流程对Y型分子筛改性过程的影响,生物化工,2019,5(1):87-90,武传波提出Y型分子筛交换水洗的新流程,并对采用此新流程前后的分子筛组成及性质进行分析和探讨。结果表明采用预交换流程后Y型分子筛中的Na+、SO4 2-含量明显降低,稀土利用率、一次焙烧结晶度以及成品分子筛的孔体积、比表面明显升高。
液固结合交换法制备LaY分子筛的研究,周雪雁等采用氢氧化镁沉淀稀土5h,以高温焙烧的方式用固相交换法制备的LaY分子筛,提高了交换度。
现有技术中,稀土和铵盐同时交换,由于存在竞争交换,导致交换效率低;铵盐交换 在稀土交换前进行,采用氯化铵、硝酸铵会造成成本高、设备腐蚀等问题,而采用低成本可循环利用的硫酸铵,为避免生成硫酸盐沉淀,需要进行大量的水洗去除硫酸根,又会造成水耗增加。稀土改性的分子筛水热焙烧后,不可避免的存在部分稀土不能定位于方钠石笼,从而在后续采用硫酸铵交换,导致生成硫酸稀土沉淀,造成分子筛硫酸根增加,结晶度降低。预交换虽然可以降低改性分子筛的氧化钠和硫酸根,但是其存在流程长、水耗、成本高的问题。不用铵盐制备的REY分子筛则存在生焦高的问题。
总之,现有技术不可避免地带来硫酸根高、结晶度低、设备腐蚀、生产流程长、成本高的问题。因此,急需开发低硫酸根金属离子分子筛的制备新方法,从而提高催化裂化催化剂的活性、稳定性和重油转化能力,避免应用过程中硫酸根转变为硫化物,对设备的腐蚀。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的催化剂制备过程复杂,会稀释主剂的裂化活性,导致产品中汽油和液化气等高价值产品的收率降低等问题。提供一种催化裂化催化剂用组合物、催化裂化催化剂及其制备方法和应用,使用该组合物制备得到的催化裂化催化剂具有优异的抗重金属污染性能和焦炭选择性。
本发明第一方面提供一种催化裂化催化剂用组合物,所述组合物包含:稀土改性Y型分子筛、粘结剂、基质材料、稀土元素源,以及任选地REUSY分子筛,其中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中,SO4 2-的含量不大于1wt%。
本发明第二方面提供了一种催化裂化催化剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括:
(1)将含本发明所述的催化裂化催化剂用组合物的浆料进行均质、成型、第三焙烧得到催化剂前体;
(2)催化剂前体进行降钠改性得到所述催化裂化催化剂。
本发明第三方面提供了本发明第二方面所述的催化裂化催化剂的制备方法制备得到的催化裂化催化剂。
本发明第四方面提供了本发明所述的催化裂化催化剂在重油催化裂化中的应用。
通过上述技术方案,本发明至少具有下述有益效果:
(1)本发明组合物各个组分之间相互作用,显著提高了其活性、稳定性和重油转化能力;另一方面,由于稀土改性Y型分子筛外表面的独立相稀土物质可以优先和重金属,例如V生成重金属酸稀土,从而有效保护分子筛晶体结构,抑制了污染焦的生成;
(2)使用本发明的组合物制备得到的催化裂化催化剂具有活性高、稳定性好、重油转化能力强、抗重金属性能优、生焦低的特点。
具体实施方式
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
本发明中所涉及的“任选地”指随后的物料有或是没有,也随后的操作发生或是不发 生。
在本发明中,没有特殊情况说明下,“第一”、“第二”和“第三”既不表示先后次序,也不表示对各个物料或步骤起限定作用,仅用于区分这不是同一步骤或物料。例如,“第一焙烧”和“第二焙烧”中的“第一”和“第二”,仅用于表示这不是同一焙烧。
本发明中涉及的“干燥”为本领域常规的操作手段,可在常压下干燥,也可在真空条件下干燥,一般在常压、80-120℃下干燥8-36h。
本发明中涉及的室温为“15-25℃”。
本发明第一方面提供一种催化裂化催化剂用组合物,所述组合物包含:稀土改性Y型分子筛、粘结剂、基质材料、稀土元素源,以及任选地REUSY分子筛,其中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中,SO4 2-的含量不大于1wt%。
本发明中稀土元素源指能够提供稀土元素的原料。
本发明的发明人经研究发现,本发明中的组合物制备得到的催化剂中的稀土物质可以优选与重金属,例如V形成重金属酸稀土,从而有效保护分子筛晶体结构,抑制了污染焦的生成,其催化剂在使用时具有活性高、稳定性好、重油转化能力强、抗重金属性能优、生焦低的特点。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式中,稀土元素源以氧化稀土的重量计,所述组合物中包含:15-35重量%的稀土改性Y型分子筛、0-20重量%的REUSY分子筛、6-30重量%的粘结剂、30-55重量%的基质材料、0.5-4重量%的稀土元素源。使用前述实施方式下的组合物制备得到的催化剂在使用时具有活性高、稳定性好、重油转化能力强、抗重金属性能优、生焦低的特点。
根据本发明一种特别优选的实施方式中,稀土元素源以氧化稀土的重量计,所述组合物中包含:18-27重量%的稀土改性Y型分子筛、8-15重量%的REUSY分子筛、8-25重量%的粘结剂、35-45重量%的基质材料、0.8-3重量%的稀土元素源。使用前述实施方式下的组合物制备得到的催化剂在使用时具有活性高、稳定性好、重油转化能力强、抗重金属性能优、生焦低的特点。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中:SO4 2-的含量不大于0.5wt%,例如为0.01wt%、0.1wt%、0.2wt%、0.27wt%、0.3wt%、0.32wt%、0.41wt%、0.45wt%、0.5wt%,或以上任意两个数值组成的范围,优选为0.01-0.45wt%。使用前述实施方式下的组合物制备得到的催化剂具有更好的稳定性和金属利用率,使用其进行催化裂化时,具有优异的抗重金属和低生焦的效果。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中:钠含量以Na2O计不大于1.5wt%,例如为0.2wt%、0.5wt%、0.62wt%、0.82wt%、0.92wt%、0.98wt%、1.1wt%、1.2wt%、0.5wt%,或以上任意两个数值组成的范围,优选为0.5wt%-1.2wt%。使用前述实施方式下的组合物制备得到的催化剂具有更好的稳定性和金属利用率,使用其进行催化裂化时,具有优异的抗重金属和低生焦的效果。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中:稀土含量以稀土氧化物计为5wt%-20wt%,例如为5wt%、6wt%、9wt%、10wt%、10.4wt%、12.4wt%、14.3wt%、15.6wt%、16.1wt%、16.2wt%、19.8wt%、20wt%,或以上任意两个数值组成的范围,优选 为10-20wt%。使用前述实施方式下的组合物制备得到的催化剂具有更好的稳定性和金属利用率,能够有效保护催化剂的晶体结构,抑制了污染焦的生成。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛的结晶度C/C0为50%-80%,例如为50%、55%、58%、60%、62%、63%、65%、70%、80%,或以上任意两个数值组成的范围,优选为58%-65%。使用前述实施方式下的组合物制备得到的催化剂具有更好的稳定性和金属利用率,使用其进行催化裂化时,具有优异的抗重金属和低生焦的效果。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛由Na型Y分子筛经过改性处理得到,优选所述改性处理包括硫酸铵交换处理步骤。
根据本发明一种特别优选的实施方式中,所述改性处理的方法包括:
(a)将Na型Y分子筛进行稀土离子交换,得到稀土离子浆液;
(b)向稀土离子浆液中加入第一沉淀剂,使得所述稀土离子浆液中部分稀土离子进行第一沉淀,得到第一沉淀浆液;
(c)将第一沉淀浆液中的固态物质进行第一硫酸铵交换、第一水洗、第一焙烧,得到一交一焙分子筛干粉;
(d)含一交一焙分子筛干粉的浆料与第二沉淀剂混合,使得所述一交一焙分子筛干粉中部分稀土离子进行第二沉淀,再依次进行第二硫酸铵交换、第二水洗、任选地热处理,得到所述稀土改性Y型分子筛。
本发明中通过上述改性处理在避免了后续硫酸铵交换降钠过程中,交换体系溶液中、分子筛表面或超笼中游离的金属离子和硫酸根生成沉淀,一方面达到降低硫酸根的目的,提高分子筛的结晶度和稳定性,另一方面提高了改性金属利用率,能够显著提高本发明组合物制备得到的催化剂的活性、稳定性和重油转化能力,同时催化剂表面独立相稀土物质可以优先和重金属V生成钒酸稀土,从而有效保护分子筛晶体结构,抑制了污染焦的生成,进而使得催化剂具有活性高、稳定性好、重油转化能力强、抗重金属性能优和生焦低的特点。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,步骤(a)中,稀土离子交换的过程包括:在水存在下,Na型Y分子筛与稀土源进行所述稀土离子交换;具体地,将所述Na型Y分子筛和水混合后,再加入含稀土源的稀土源溶液进行所述稀土离子交换;其中,优选水与Na型Y分子筛的重量比为1.5-30:1,优选为2-5:1;稀土源溶液中的溶剂没有特殊限定,能溶解稀土源的良溶剂均可,本发明中为水,稀土源溶液的浓度一般为200-400g/L。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,进行稀土离子交换时,所述稀土源选自含稀土元素中的至少一种元素的氯酸盐和/或硝酸盐,优选所述稀土元素包括镧、铈和钇中的至少一种。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,进行稀土离子交换时,所述Na型Y分子筛以干基计、稀土源以稀土氧化物计,稀土源在Na型Y分子筛中的含量为1-20重量%,优选为10-16重量%。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,稀土离子交换时,所述稀土离子交换的条件包括:温度为室温-180℃,优选为50-80℃。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,稀土离子交换时,所述稀土离子交换的条件包括:交换时间为0.3-3.5h,优选为0.5-1.5h。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,稀土离子交换时,所述稀土离子交换的条件包括:pH为2.8-6.5,优选为3.5-4.5。
根据本发明,本领域技术人员可以理解的是,一般稀土源溶于水中呈酸性,如果此时pH值偏高,可使用酸性物质例如稀盐酸调至所需pH。
本发明中加入第一沉淀剂的量依据稀土离子交换浆液中的稀土离子的量而定,优选地,步骤(b)中,所述第一沉淀剂的用量满足所述Na型Y分子筛中含量为1-4重量%的稀土离子经所述第一沉淀的摩尔配比,优选满足所述Na型Y分子筛中含量为1.5-2.5重量%的稀土离子经所述第一沉淀的摩尔配比。采用前述实施方式,避免在后续硫酸铵交换降钠过程中,交换体系溶液中、分子筛表面或超笼中游离的RE离子和硫酸根生成沉淀,从而达到降低硫酸根的目的,提高分子筛的结晶度和稳定性,同时提高了稀土利用率,在分子筛表面形成了抗重金属独立相稀土组分,提高了催化剂的抗重金属污染性能。
根据本发明,只要能实现本发明的目的,步骤(b)中,第一沉淀的条件没有特殊限定,优选步骤(b)中,所述第一沉淀的条件包括:温度为25-180℃,优选为50-80℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h,优选为0.1-2h。
根据本发明,可以理解的是,第一沉淀浆液中含有固态物质和水等溶剂,获得第一沉淀浆液中的固态物质的方式没有特殊限定,例如通过过滤、抽干等方式获得。
根据本发明,可以理解的是,步骤(c)中,第一硫酸铵交换指使用硫酸铵进行第一硫酸铵交换,优选地,步骤(c)中,所述第一硫酸铵交换中,硫酸铵的用量为Na型Y分子筛重量的5-50重量%,优选为10-25重量%。
根据本发明,只要能实现本发明的目的,步骤(c)中,第一硫酸铵交换的条件没有特殊限定,优选地,步骤(c)中,第一硫酸铵交换的条件包括:温度为20-85℃,优选为50-80℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h,优选为0.1-2h。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述第一硫酸铵交换的过程包括:第一沉淀浆液中的固态物质与硫酸铵水溶液进行第一硫酸铵交换,更优选地,所述硫酸铵水溶液的浓度为20-400g/L,更进一步优选地,所述硫酸铵水溶液的浓度为120-250g/L。
本发明步骤(c)中的第一水洗是指对第一硫酸铵交换得到的固态物质进行水洗,所述水洗的方式没有特殊限定,例如使用重量为Na型Y分子筛重量的1-8倍,优选为2-5倍的水对第一硫酸铵交换得到的固态物质进行淋洗。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,步骤(c)中,所述第一焙烧的条件包括:100%水蒸气气氛。使用前述实施方式下的组合物制备得到的催化剂在使用时具有活性高、稳定性好、重油转化能力强、抗重金属性能优、生焦低的特点。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,步骤(c)中,步骤(c)中,所述第一焙烧的条件包括:温度为400-700℃,优选为500-650℃。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,步骤(c)中,步骤(c)中,所述第一焙烧的条件包括:时间为0.1-5h,优选为0.5-3h。
本发明中含一交一焙分子筛干粉的浆料是指水与一交一焙分子筛干粉混合打浆得到的浆料,优选地,步骤(d)中,所述含一交一焙分子筛干粉的浆料中,水与一交一焙分子筛干粉的重量比为1.5-30:1,优选为2-5:1。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述第二沉淀的用量满足所述一交一焙分子筛干粉中含量为0.5-3重量%的稀土离子经所述第二沉淀的摩尔配比,优选满足所述一交一焙分子筛干粉中含量为1-2重量%的稀土离子经所述第二沉淀的摩尔配比。采用前述实施方式,提高分子筛的结晶度和稳定性,同时提高了稀土利用率,在分子筛表面形成了抗重金属独立相稀土组分,提高了催化剂的抗重金属污染性能。
根据本发明,只要能实现本发明的目的,步骤(d)中,第二沉淀的条件没有特殊限定,优选步骤(d)中,所述第二沉淀的条件包括:温度为15-40℃,优选为20-30℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h,优选为0.1-2h。
根据本发明,可以理解的是,步骤(d)中,第二硫酸铵交换指使用硫酸铵进行第二硫酸铵交换,优选地,步骤(d)中,所述第二硫酸铵交换中,硫酸铵的用量为一交一焙分子筛干粉重量的5-50重量%,优选为10-25重量%。
根据本发明,只要能实现本发明的目的,步骤(d)中,第一硫酸铵交换的条件没有特殊限定,优选地,步骤(d)中,第二硫酸铵交换的条件包括:温度为20-85℃,优选为50-80℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h,优选为0.1-2h。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述第二硫酸铵交换的过程为:将第二沉淀的产物和第二硫酸铵水溶液进行第二硫酸铵交换,优选所述第二硫酸铵水溶液的浓度为20-400g/L,优选为120-250g/L。
本发明中的第一硫酸铵交换和第二硫酸铵交换的交换过程可使用罐式交换,也可使用带式交换,还可以是罐式交换与带式交换同时进行,本发明对此无特殊限制,在本发明中对此不多加赘述。
本发明步骤(d)中的第二水洗是指对第二硫酸铵交换得到的固态物质进行水洗,所述水洗的方式没有特殊限定,例如使用重量为一交一焙分子筛干粉重量的1-8倍,优选为2-5倍的水对第二硫酸铵交换得到的固态物质进行淋洗。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述热处理包括干燥、第二焙烧。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述第二焙烧的条件包括:含氧气氛中。采用前述实施方式,提高分子筛的结晶度和稳定性,同时提高了稀土利用率,在分子筛表面形成了抗重金属独立相稀土组分,提高了催化剂的抗重金属污染性能。
本发明中所述含氧气氛包括氧气或空气,本发明中优选为空气。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述第二焙烧的条件包括:温度为400-700℃,优选为450-650℃。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述第二焙烧的条件包括:时间为0.1-10h,优选为0.5-5h。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述Na型Y分子筛包括NaY分子筛、NaHY分子筛、NaUSY分子筛、NaREHY分子筛和NaREUSY分子筛的至少一种,优选为NaY分子筛。
根据本发明,只要能实现本发明的目的,所述第一沉淀剂和第二沉淀剂的具体种类没有特殊限制,优选地,所述第一沉淀剂和第二沉淀剂各自独立地选自可提供稀土离子产生氧化物沉淀前驱体的阴离子的铵类化合物,优选选自草酸铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵和氨水中的一种或多种。
根据本发明,只要能实现本发明的目的,所述基质材料的种类没有特殊限制,优选地,所述基质材料包括粘土;进一步优选地,所述粘土包括高岭土、埃洛石、多孔石、硅藻土华和水泡石中的至少一种。
根据本发明,所述稀土元素源选自氯化稀土、硝酸稀土、氧化稀土、碳酸稀土、草酸稀土和醋酸稀土中的至少一种,优选为草酸稀土和/或氧化稀土;其中稀土元素源中的稀土金属元素没有特殊限定,例如为镧元素和/或铈元素。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述REUSY分子筛包括LaUSY分子筛、CeUSY分子筛和混合稀土USY分子筛中的至少一种;混合稀土USY分子筛指分子筛中含有至少两者不同种类的稀土元素,例如La和Ce的混合稀土USY分子筛。前述组合物制备得到的催化剂良好的抗重金属污染的能力,尤其是抗钒污染,将其用于高钒重油的催化裂化过程时重油的转化率高,干气和焦炭的选择性低。
本发明中以本发明用的REUSY以:RE2O3含量1.8wt%,具体为:1.44wt%的La2O3、0.36wt%的Ce2O3,为示例性说明本发明的优势,但本发明并不局限于此。
本发明第二方面提供了一种催化裂化催化剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括:
(1)将含本发明所述的催化裂化催化剂用组合物的浆料进行均质、成型、第三焙烧得到催化剂前体;
(2)催化剂前体进行降钠改性得到所述催化裂化催化剂。
本发明中制备得到的催化剂具有活性高、稳定性好、重油转化能力强、抗重金属性能优、生焦低的特点。
本发明中含本发明所述的催化裂化催化剂用组合物的浆料指由本发明的组合物和谁混合得到的浆料,其混合的条件没有特殊限定,优选在室温下进行混合;优选地,含催化裂化催化剂用组合物的浆料的固含量为25%-45wt%,优选为35wt%-45wt%。
本发明步骤(1)中成型的方法没有特殊限定,优选为喷雾成型,其为本领域的常规技术手段,本发明对其不做过多赘述。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述第三焙烧的条件包括:温度为400-550℃,优选为450-500℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h,优选为0.1-2h。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述降钠改性的方法包括:将含催化剂前体的浆料与铵盐混合得到混合液,之后取混合液中的固体物质进行干燥。
本发明中含催化剂前体的浆料指由催化剂前体和水混合得到的浆料,优选所述含催化剂前体的浆料的固含量为0.5wt%-35wt%,优选为20wt%-25wt%。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述铵盐包括氯化铵、磷酸铵、磷酸氢二铵和磷酸二氢铵中的至少一种,优选氯化铵。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述铵盐与催化剂前体的重量比为2-10:100,优选为3-6:100。
本发明第三方面提供了本发明第二方面所述的催化裂化催化剂的制备方法制备得到的催化裂化催化剂。
本发明中的催化剂具有活性高、稳定性好、重油转化能力强、抗重金属性能优、生焦低的特点。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,所述催化裂化催化剂中,以Na2O计的Na+含量不大于0.2wt%,优选为0.1-0.18wt%。
本发明第四方面提供了本发明所述的催化裂化催化剂在重油催化裂化中的应用。
本发明的催化剂具有用于重油催化裂化中具有活性高、稳定性好、重油转化能力强的优势。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式,本发明所述的催化裂化催化剂在高重金属重油催化裂化中应用,优选所述重金属包括V和任选地Ni。
本发明中的催化剂具有良好的抗重金属污染的能力,尤其是抗钒污染,将其用于高钒重油的催化裂化过程时的转化率高、抗重金属性能优、生焦低的特点。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。以下实施例中,所用的分析及评价方法为:
1.晶胞常数(a0):X-光衍射法。
2.结晶度(C/C0):X-光衍射法。
3.硅铝比:X-光衍射法。
4.Na2O含量:XRF荧光法。
5.RE2O3含量:XRF荧光法。
6.硫酸根含量:XRF荧光法。
7.微反活性:样品预先在800℃、100%水蒸气条件下处理不同时间。反应原料为大港轻柴油,反应温度460℃,反应时间70秒,催化剂装量5.0克,剂油重量比3.2,以总转化率作为微反活性。
8.ACE重油微型反应器:催化剂样品预先污染V:5000ppm和Ni:3000ppm,在800℃、100%水蒸气条件下处理5h,反应温度530℃,剂油比为5,原料油为兰州石化300万重油催化装置原料油。
以下实施例中,所用原料的规格如下:
1.NaY分子筛:NaY(硅铝比5.1,结晶度95%),长汀催化剂有限公司生产。
2.稀土溶液:氯化稀土,硝酸稀土,均为工业品,采自兰州石化公司催化剂厂。
3.硫酸铵、草酸铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、氨水、尿素、醋酸铵、氯化铵、硝酸铵,均为分析纯。
4.拟薄水铝石(灼减36.7wt%)、高岭土(灼减18.4wt%)、埃洛石(灼减23.2wt%)、多孔石(灼减18.2wt%)、硅藻土(灼减23.6wt%)、水泡石(灼减25.3wt%)、REUSY(灼减5.3%,RE以RE2O3计含量为1.8wt%(具体为1.44wt%的La2O3、0.36wt%的Ce2O3),Na2O含量1.2wt%,晶胞24.56埃)固体;铝溶胶,含氧化铝22.6重%;硅溶胶,含氧化硅30.5重%,均为工业合格品。
制备例1-11
制备例1
稀土改性Y型分子筛的制备:
(a)将1000g(干基重)NaY分子筛,用5L去离子水打浆后,加入0.537L(以La2O3计)浓度为298g/L的LaCl3水溶液(La3+为0.98mol)进行稀土离子交换(温度为80℃,时 间为0.5h),得到稀土离子交换浆液;其中,以La2O3计的LaCl3在以干基计的NaY分子筛的含量为16wt%;
(b)加入(32g,0.225mol)一水草酸铵,能使得上述金属离子交换浆液中2.4wt%的La3+进行第一沉淀(温度为80℃,时间为0.5h),得到第一沉淀浆液;
(c)将上述第一沉淀浆液进行过滤抽干,加入0.833L浓度为180g/L的硫酸铵水溶液,于60℃交换1h,过滤抽干,加3L水淋洗,然后在100%水蒸气气氛中500℃焙烧2h,得到一交一焙分子筛干粉;
(d)将上述1000g(干基重)一交一焙分子筛干粉,用5L去离子水打浆后,再加入(25.6g,0.18mol)一水草酸铵,能使得上述一交一焙分子筛干粉中2wt%的La3+进行第二沉淀(温度为25℃,时间为0.5h)后,加入0.6L浓度为250g/L的硫酸铵水溶液,于80℃交换1.5h,过滤,抽干,加5L水淋洗,干燥,空气气氛中450℃焙烧2h,得到稀土改性Y型分子筛,记为Z1。
制备例2
(a)将1000g(干基重)NaY分子筛,用5L去离子水打浆后,加入0.358L浓度为280g/L(以La2O3计)的La(NO3)3溶液(La3+为0.615mol)进行稀土离子交换(温度为50℃,时间为1.5h),得到稀土离子交换浆液;其中,以La2O3计的La(NO3)3在以干基计的NaY分子筛的含量为10wt%;
(b)加入(25.6g,0.18mol)一水草酸铵,能使得上述金属离子交换浆液中2wt%的La3+进行第一沉淀(温度为50℃,时间为0.5h),得到第一沉淀浆液;
(c)将上述第一沉淀浆液进行过滤,抽干,加入1.111L浓度为180g/L的硫酸铵水溶液,于80℃交换1h,过滤抽干,加3L水淋洗,然后在100%水蒸气气氛中600℃焙烧2h,得到一交一焙分子筛干粉;
(d)将上述1000g(干基重)一交一焙分子筛干粉,用5L去离子水打浆后,再加入(13g,0.135mol)碳酸铵,能使得上述一交一焙分子筛干粉中1.5wt%的La3+进行第二沉淀(温度为25℃,时间为0.5h)后,加入1.666L浓度为120g/L的硫酸铵水溶液,于50℃交换1h,过滤,抽干,加2L水淋洗,干燥,空气气氛中500℃焙烧2.5h,得到稀土改性Y型分子筛,记为Z2。
制备例3
(a)将1000g(干基重)NaY分子筛,用5L去离子水打浆后,加入0.403L浓度为298g/L(以La2O3计)的LaCl3溶液(La3+为0.74mol)进行稀土离子交换(温度为60℃,时间为1h),得到稀土离子交换浆液;其中,以La2O3计的LaCl3在以干基计的NaY分子筛的含量为12.08wt%;
(b)加入(28g,0.197mol)一水草酸铵,能使得上述金属离子交换浆液中2.1wt%的La3+进行第一沉淀(温度为60℃,时间为0.5h),得到第一沉淀浆液;
(c)将上述第一沉淀浆液进行过滤,抽干,加入1.0L浓度为180g/L的硫酸铵水溶液,于60℃交换1.5h,过滤抽干,加3L水淋洗,然后在100%水蒸气气氛中630℃焙烧2h,得 到一交一焙分子筛干粉;
(d)将上述1000g(干基重)一交一焙分子筛干粉,用5L去离子水打浆后,再加入(15.4g,0.11mol)一水草酸铵,能使得上述一交一焙分子筛干粉中1.2wt%的La3+进行第二沉淀(温度为25℃,时间为0.5h)后,加入1.278L浓度为180g/L的硫酸铵水溶液,于50℃交换1h,过滤,抽干,加3L水淋洗,干燥,空气气氛中400℃焙烧2h,得到稀土改性Y型分子筛,记为Z3。
制备例4
(a)将1000g(干基重)NaY分子筛,用5L去离子水打浆后,加入0.43L浓度为326g/L(以RE2O3计)的混合RECl3溶液(Ce2O3和La2O3的重量比为6:4;(RE3+为0.9287mol)进行金属离子交换(温度为60℃,时间为1h),得到金属离子交换浆液;其中,以RE2O3计的RECl3在以干基计的NaY分子筛的含量为14wt%;
(b)加入(25.6g,0.18mol)一水草酸铵,再加入5mL 28%工业氨水,能使得上述金属离子交换浆液中2.4wt%的RE3+进行第一沉淀(温度为60℃,时间为0.5h),得到第一沉淀浆液;
(c)将上述第一沉淀浆液进行过滤,抽干,加入1.222L浓度为180g/L的硫酸铵水溶液,于100℃交换0.5h,过滤抽干,加5L水淋洗,然后在100%水蒸气气氛中600℃焙烧2h,得到一交一焙分子筛干粉;
(d)将上述1000g(干基重)一交一焙分子筛干粉,用5L去离子水打浆后,再加入(18g,0.187mol)碳酸铵,能使得上述一交一焙分子筛干粉中1.8wt%的RE3+进行第二沉淀(温度为25℃,时间为0.5h)后,加入1L浓度为120g/L的硫酸铵水溶液,于25℃交换1h,过滤,抽干,加4L水淋洗,干燥,空气气氛中550℃焙烧2h,得到稀土改性Y型分子筛,记为Z4。
制备例5
按照制备例的方法,不同的是:
步骤(a)中,将0.537L(以La2O3计)浓度为298g/L的LaCl3水溶液替换为0.67L(以La2O3计)浓度为298g/L的LaCl3水溶液,使得以La2O3计的LaCl3在以干基计的NaY分子筛的含量为20wt%;其余条件相同,得到稀土改性Y型分子筛,记为Z5。
制备例6
按照制备例的方法,不同的是:
步骤(b)中,将(32g,0.225mol)一水草酸铵替换为(12.8g,0.09mol)一水草酸铵,使得上述金属离子交换浆液中1wt%的La3+进行第一沉淀(温度为80℃,时间为0.5h);其余条件相同,得到稀土改性Y型分子筛,记为Z6。
制备例7
按照制备例的方法,不同的是:
步骤(d)中,将(25.6g,0.18mol)一水草酸铵替换为(6.4g,0.045mol)一水草酸铵,使得上述一交一焙分子筛干粉中0.5wt%的La3+进行第二沉淀(温度为25℃,时间为0.5h);其余条件相同,得到稀土改性Y型分子筛,记为Z7。
制备例8
按照制备例的方法,不同的是:
按CN200610087535.2公开的方法,制备改性分子筛DZ1,即,
取1000g(干基重)NaY分子筛,用8L去离子水打浆后,加入0.385L浓度为312g/L(以La2O3计)的RECl3溶液,再加入硫酸铝240g,于90℃交换1h,再加入碳酸氢铵75g,恒温搅拌0.25h后,过滤,5L水淋洗,然后将滤饼在600℃、100%水蒸气气氛中焙烧2小时,得到一交一焙分子筛干粉;
取此一交一焙分子筛干粉1000g(干基重),用6L去离子水打浆后,加入硫酸铵300g,于75℃交换1h,过滤,6L水淋洗,滤饼烘干,得到稀土改性Y型分子筛,记为DZ1。
制备例9
按照制备例1的方法,不同的是:
步骤(d)中,不加入(32g,0.225mol)一水草酸铵,其余条件相同,得到稀土改性Y型分子筛,记为DZ2。
制备例10
按照制备例2的方法,不同的是:
步骤(b)中,不加入(25.6g,0.18mol)一水草酸铵,其余条件相同,得到稀土改性Y型分子筛,记为DZ3。
制备例11
按照制备例4的方法,不同的是:
步骤(b)中,不加入(25.6g,0.18mol)一水草酸铵,和5mL的28%工业氨水,步骤(d)中,不加入(18g,0.187mol)碳酸铵,其余条件相同,得到稀土改性Y型分子筛,记为DZ4。
制备例1-11得到的稀土改性Y型分子筛(Z1-Z7和DZ1-DZ4)的物性参数如表1所示。
表1

测试例1
将制备例1-11得到的稀土改性Y型分子筛(Z1-Z7和DZ1-DZ4)进行水热稳定性测试。
测试条件包括:分别将100g(干基)改性分子筛(Z1-Z7和DZ1-DZ4),压片,粉碎成20-40目颗粒,于固定床水热处理装置上经过100%水汽、800℃条件下老化10h后,在催化裂化自动微反活性评定仪上,测定微活指数(MA),测试结果如表2所示。
表2
实施例1
催化裂化催化剂的制备:
(1)将上述稀土改性Y型分子筛Z1、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、草酸镧和水在室温混合1h,得到固含量为32wt%浆液;其中,稀土改性Y型分子筛Z1、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、草酸镧(RE2O3计)的重量比为20:15:7:18:38.5:1.5;
(2)将上述浆液依次进行均质、喷雾成型、450℃焙烧30min,得到的催化剂前体,催化剂前体和水混合,形成固含量为20wt%的含催化剂前体的浆液,再与氯化铵依次进行 混合,过滤,5倍水洗,100℃干燥12h,得到催化裂化催化剂C1;
其中,氯化铵和以催化剂前体计的含催化剂前体的浆液的重量比为5:100。
其中,催化裂化催化剂C1中,以Na2O计的Na+含量为0.16wt%。
实施例2
催化裂化催化剂的制备:
(1)将上述稀土改性Y型分子筛Z2、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、草酸镧和水在室温混合1h,得到固含量为43wt%浆液;其中,稀土改性Y型分子筛Z2、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、草酸镧(RE2O3计)的重量比为30:9:9:8:41.4:2.6;
(2)将上述浆液依次进行均质、喷雾成型、470℃焙烧20min,得到的催化剂前体,催化剂前体和水混合,形成固含量为25wt%的含催化剂前体的浆液,再与氯化铵依次进行混合,过滤,8倍水洗,120℃干燥8h,得到催化裂化催化剂C2。
其中,氯化铵和以催化剂前体计的含催化剂前体的浆液的重量比为5:100。
其中,催化裂化催化剂C2中,以Na2O计的Na+含量为0.11wt%。
实施例3
催化裂化催化剂的制备:
(1)将上述稀土改性Y型分子筛Z3、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、草酸铈和水在室温混合1h,得到固含量为35wt%浆液;其中,稀土改性Y型分子筛Z3、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、草酸铈(RE2O3计)的重量比为26:12:8:15:38:1;
(2)将上述浆液依次进行均质、喷雾成型、460焙烧35min,得到的催化剂前体,催化剂前体和水混合,形成固含量为20wt%的含催化剂前体的浆液,再与氯化铵依次进行混合,过滤,5倍水洗,110℃干燥10h,得到催化裂化催化剂C3。
其中,氯化铵和以催化剂前体计的含催化剂前体的浆液的重量比为5:100。
其中,催化裂化催化剂C3中,以Na2O计的Na+含量为0.15wt%。
实施例4
催化裂化催化剂的制备:
(1)将上述稀土改性Y型分子筛Z4、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、草酸铈和水在室温混合1h,得到固含量为39wt%浆液;其中,稀土改性Y型分子筛Z4、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、草酸铈(RE2O3计)的重量比为24:11:7.5:12:43.7:1.8;
(2)将上述浆液依次进行均质、喷雾成型、450焙烧30min,得到的催化剂前体,催化剂前体和水混合,形成固含量为20wt%的含催化剂前体的浆液,再与氯化铵依次进行混合,过滤,6倍水洗,110℃干燥10h,得到催化裂化催化剂C4。
其中,氯化铵和以催化剂前体计的含催化剂前体的浆液的重量比为5:100。
其中,催化裂化催化剂C4中,以Na2O计的Na+含量为0.12wt%。
实施例5
按照实施l的方法,不同的是:
步骤(1)中,将稀土改性Y型分子筛Z1替换为稀土改性Y型分子筛Z5,其余条件相同,得到催化裂化催化剂C5。
实施例6
按照实施l的方法,不同的是:
步骤(1)中,将稀土改性Y型分子筛Z1替换为稀土改性Y型分子筛Z6,其余条件相同,得到催化裂化催化剂C6。
实施例7
按照实施l的方法,不同的是:
步骤(1)中,将稀土改性Y型分子筛Z1替换为稀土改性Y型分子筛Z7,其余条件相同,得到催化裂化催化剂C7。
对比例1
(1)将上述稀土改性Y型分子筛DZ1、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、氯化镧和水在室温混合1h,得到固含量为28wt%浆液;其中,稀土改性Y型分子筛DZ1、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、氯化镧(RE2O3计)的重量比为22:12:7:20:38.2:0.8;
(2)将上述浆液依次进行均质、喷雾成型、450℃焙烧30min,得到的催化剂前体,催化剂前体和水混合,形成固含量为20wt%的含催化剂前体的浆液,再与氯化铵依次进行混合,过滤,4倍水洗,105℃干燥10h,得到催化裂化催化剂DC1;
其中,氯化铵和以催化剂前体计的含催化剂前体的浆液的重量比为5:100。
其中,催化裂化催化剂DC1中,以Na2O计的Na+含量为0.28wt%。
对比例2
(1)将上述稀土改性Y型分子筛DZ2、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、硝酸铈和水在室温混合1h,得到固含量为26wt%浆液;其中,改性分子筛DZ2、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、硝酸铈(RE2O3计)的重量比为22:10:6.5:22:39:0.5;
(2)将上述浆液依次进行均质、喷雾成型、470℃焙烧30min,得到的催化剂前体,催化剂前体和水混合,形成固含量为20wt%的含催化剂前体的浆液,再与氯化铵依次进行混合,过滤,4倍水洗,120℃干燥10h,得到催化裂化催化剂DC2;
其中,氯化铵和以催化剂前体计的含催化剂前体的浆液的重量比为5:100。
其中,催化裂化催化剂DC2中,以Na2O计的Na+含量为0.23wt%。
对比例3
(1)将上述稀土改性Y型分子筛DZ3、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、氯化铈和水在室温混合1h,得到固含量为32wt%浆液;其中,改性分子筛DZ3、REUSY分子筛、铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、高岭土、氯化铈(RE2O3计)的重量比为25:11:7.2:18:37.8:1;
(2)将上述浆液依次进行均质、喷雾成型、430℃焙烧45min,得到的催化剂前体,催化剂前体和水混合,形成固含量为20wt%的含催化剂前体的浆液,再与氯化铵依次进行混合,过滤,6倍水洗,100℃干燥10h,得到催化裂化催化剂DC3;
其中,氯化铵和以催化剂前体计的含催化剂前体的浆液的重量比为5:100。
其中,催化裂化催化剂DC3中,以Na2O计的Na+含量为0.25wt%。
对比例4
按照实施例1的方法,不同的是:
将稀土改性Y型分子筛Z1替换为稀土改性Y型分子筛DZ4,其余条件相同,得到催化裂化催化剂DC4。
其中,催化裂化催化剂DC4中,以Na2O计的Na+含量为0.23wt%。
测试例2
将实施例1-7和对比例1-4制得的催化裂化催化剂(C1-C7和DC1-DC4)进行反应性能测试,测试条件包括:分别将上述催化裂化催化剂(C1-C7和DC1-DC4)污染V:5000ppm和Ni:3000ppm,在800℃、100%水蒸气条件下处理5h,然后与兰州石化300万重油催化装置原料油加入ACE重油微型反应器中,并进行催化裂化(温度为530℃;剂油比为5),得到催化裂化产物;其中,催化裂化产物包括:干气、液化气、汽油、柴油、重油和焦炭,其中,催化裂化催化剂和兰州石化300万重油催化装置原料油的重量比为5:1,测试结果如表3和表4所示。
表3

表4
注:1-指兰州石化300万重油催化装置原料油的转化率,即100-柴油-重油;2-指液化气、汽油和柴油的收率之和;3-指[焦炭*(100-转化率)]/转化率
通过表3和表4的测试结果可知,相比对比例1-4,实施例1-7制得的催化裂化催化剂具有优异的抗重金属污染性能和焦炭选择性,即,具有较高的转化率、总液收和较低的焦炭收率和生焦因子。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种催化裂化催化剂用组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包含:稀土改性Y型分子筛、粘结剂、基质材料、稀土元素源,以及任选地REUSY分子筛;
    其中,所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中,SO4 2-的含量不大于1wt%。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,
    稀土元素源以氧化稀土的重量计,所述组合物中包含:15-35重量%的稀土改性Y型分子筛、0-20重量%的REUSY分子筛、6-30重量%的粘结剂、30-55重量%的基质材料、0.5-4重量%的稀土元素源。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其中,
    稀土元素源以氧化稀土的重量计,所述组合物中包含:18-27重量%的稀土改性Y型分子筛、8-15重量%的REUSY分子筛、8-25重量%的粘结剂、35-45重量%的基质材料、0.8-3重量%的稀土元素源。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,
    所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中:
    SO4 2-的含量不大于0.5wt%;和/或
    钠含量以Na2O计不大于1.5wt%;和/或
    稀土含量以稀土氧化物计为5wt%-20wt%;
    和/或
    所述稀土改性Y型分子筛的结晶度C/C0为50%-80%。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其中,
    所述稀土改性Y型分子筛中:
    钠含量以Na2O计为0.5wt%-1.2wt%;和/或
    稀土含量以稀土氧化物计为10-20wt%;
    和/或
    所述稀土改性Y型分子筛的结晶度C/C0为58%-65%。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的组合物,其中,
    所述稀土改性Y型分子筛由Na型Y分子筛经过改性处理得到,所述改性处理包括硫酸铵交换处理步骤。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中,
    所述改性处理的方法包括:
    (a)将Na型Y分子筛进行稀土离子交换,得到稀土离子浆液;
    (b)向稀土离子浆液中加入第一沉淀剂,使得所述稀土离子浆液中部分稀土离子进行第一沉淀,得到第一沉淀浆液;
    (c)将第一沉淀浆液中的固态物质进行第一硫酸铵交换、第一水洗、第一焙烧,得到一交一焙分子筛干粉;
    (d)含一交一焙分子筛干粉的浆料与第二沉淀剂混合,使得所述一交一焙分子筛干粉中部分稀土离子进行第二沉淀,再依次进行第二硫酸铵交换、第二水洗、任选地热处理,得到所述稀土改性Y型分子筛。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,
    步骤(a)中,稀土离子交换的过程包括:在水存在下,Na型Y分子筛与稀土源进行所述稀土离子交换;和/或
    所述稀土离子交换的条件包括:温度为室温-180℃;和/或,交换时间为0.3-3.5h;和/或,pH为2.8-6.5。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中,
    所述稀土源选自含稀土元素中的至少一种元素的氯酸盐和/或硝酸盐;和/或
    所述Na型Y分子筛以干基计、稀土源以稀土氧化物计,稀土源在Na型Y分子筛中的含量为1-20重量%;和/或
    水与Na型Y分子筛的重量比为1.5-30:1。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的组合物,其中,
    所述稀土元素包括镧、铈和钇中的至少一种;和/或
    所述Na型Y分子筛以干基计、稀土源以稀土氧化物计,稀土源在Na型Y分子筛中的含量为10-16重量%;和/或
    水与Na型Y分子筛的重量比为2-5:1;
    和/或
    所述稀土离子交换的条件包括:温度为50-80℃;和/或,交换时间为0.5-1.5h;和/或,pH为3.5-4.5。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,
    步骤(b)中,所述第一沉淀剂的用量满足所述Na型Y分子筛中含量为1-4重量%的稀土离子经所述第一沉淀的摩尔配比;和/或
    步骤(b)中,所述第一沉淀的条件包括:温度为25-180℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的组合物,其中,
    步骤(b)中,所述第一沉淀剂的用量满足所述Na型Y分子筛中含量为1.5-2.5重量%的稀土离子经所述第一沉淀的摩尔配比;和/或
    步骤(b)中,所述第一沉淀的条件包括:温度为50-80℃;和/或,时间为0.1-2h。
  13. 根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,
    步骤(c)中,所述第一硫酸铵交换中,硫酸铵的用量为Na型Y分子筛重量的5-50重量%;和/或
    步骤(c)中,第一硫酸铵交换的条件包括:温度为20-85℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h;和/或
    步骤(c)中,所述第一焙烧的条件包括:100%水蒸气气氛;和/或,温度为400-700℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的组合物,其中,
    步骤(c)中,所述第一硫酸铵交换中,硫酸铵的用量为Na型Y分子筛重量的10-25重量%;和/或
    步骤(c)中,第一硫酸铵交换的条件包括:温度为50-80℃;和/或,时间为0.1-2h;和/或
    步骤(c)中,所述第一焙烧的条件包括:温度为500-650℃;和/或,时间为0.5-3h;和/或
    所述第一硫酸铵交换的过程包括:第一沉淀浆液中的固态物质与硫酸铵水溶液进行第一硫酸铵交换。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的组合物,其中,
    所述硫酸铵水溶液的浓度为20-400g/L。
  16. 根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,
    步骤(d)中,所述含一交一焙分子筛干粉的浆料中,水与一交一焙分子筛干粉的重量比为1.5-30:1;和/或
    步骤(d)中,所述第二沉淀的用量满足所述一交一焙分子筛干粉中含量为0.5-3重量%的稀土离子经所述第二沉淀的摩尔配比;和/或
    步骤(d)中,所述第二沉淀的条件包括:温度为15-40℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h;
    和/或
    步骤(d)中,所述第二硫酸铵交换中,硫酸铵的用量为一交一焙分子筛干粉重量的5-50重量%;和/或
    步骤(d)中,第二硫酸铵交换的条件包括:温度为20-85℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h;和/或
    所述热处理包括干燥、第二焙烧,所述第二焙烧的条件包括:含氧气氛中;和/或,温度为400-700℃;和/或,时间为0.1-10h。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的组合物,其中,
    步骤(d)中,所述含一交一焙分子筛干粉的浆料中,水与一交一焙分子筛干粉的重 量比为2-5:1;和/或
    步骤(d)中,所述第二沉淀的用量满足所述一交一焙分子筛干粉中含量为1-2重量%的稀土离子经所述第二沉淀的摩尔配比;和/或
    步骤(d)中,所述第二沉淀的条件包括:温度为20-30℃;和/或,时间为0.1-2h;
    和/或
    步骤(d)中,所述第二硫酸铵交换中,硫酸铵的用量为一交一焙分子筛干粉重量的10-25重量%;和/或
    步骤(d)中,第二硫酸铵交换的条件包括:温度为50-80℃;和/或,时间为0.1-2h;和/或
    所述第二焙烧的条件包括:温度为450-650℃;和/或,时间为0.5-5h。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的组合物,其中,
    所述第二硫酸铵交换的过程为:将第二沉淀的产物和第二硫酸铵水溶液进行第二硫酸铵交换,所述第二硫酸铵水溶液的浓度为20-400g/L。
  19. 根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,
    所述Na型Y分子筛包括NaY分子筛、NaHY分子筛、NaUSY分子筛、NaREHY分子筛和NaREUSY分子筛中的至少一种;和/或
    所述第一沉淀剂和第二沉淀剂各自独立地选自可提供稀土离子产生氧化物沉淀前驱体的阴离子的铵类化合物。
  20. 根据权利要19所述的组合物,其中,
    所述第一沉淀剂和第二沉淀剂各自独立地选自草酸铵、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵和氨水中的一种或多种。
  21. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的组合物,其中,
    所述粘结剂包括铝溶胶、酸化拟薄水铝石、酸性硅溶胶和磷铝溶胶中的至少一种;和/或
    所述基质材料包括粘土,所述粘土包括高岭土、埃洛石、多孔石、硅藻土华和水泡石中的至少一种;和/或
    所述稀土元素源选自氯化稀土、硝酸稀土、氧化稀土、碳酸稀土、草酸稀土和醋酸稀土中的至少一种;和/或
    所述REUSY分子筛包括LaUSY分子筛、CeUSY分子筛和混合稀土USY分子筛中的至少一种。
  22. 一种催化裂化催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括:
    (1)将含权利要求1-21中任意一项所述的催化裂化催化剂用组合物的浆料进行均质、成型、第三焙烧得到催化剂前体;
    (2)催化剂前体进行降钠改性得到所述催化裂化催化剂。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的制备方法,其中,
    含催化裂化催化剂用组合物的浆料的固含量为25%-45wt%;和/或
    所述第三焙烧的条件包括:温度为400-550℃;和/或,时间为0.1-5h;和/或
    所述降钠改性的方法包括:将含催化剂前体的浆料与铵盐混合得到混合液,之后取混合液中的固体物质进行干燥。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的制备方法,其中,
    含催化裂化催化剂用组合物的浆料的固含量为35wt%-45wt%;和/或
    所述第三焙烧的条件包括:温度为450-500℃;和/或,时间为0.1-2h;和/或
    所述铵盐包括氯化铵、磷酸铵、磷酸氢二铵和磷酸二氢铵中的至少一种;和/或
    所述铵盐与催化剂前体的重量比为2-10:100;和/或
    所述含催化剂前体的浆料的固含量为0.5wt%-35wt%。
  25. 一种由权利要求22-24中任意一项所述的制备方法制备得到的催化裂化催化剂。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的催化裂化催化剂,其中,
    所述催化裂化催化剂中,以Na2O计的Na+含量不大于0.2wt%。
  27. 权利要求25或26所述催化裂化催化剂在重油催化裂化中的应用。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的应用,其中,
    所述催化裂化催化剂在高重金属重油催化裂化中应用。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的应用,其中,
    所述重金属包括V和任选地Ni。
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