WO2025007759A1 - 一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法 - Google Patents

一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法 Download PDF

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WO2025007759A1
WO2025007759A1 PCT/CN2024/100689 CN2024100689W WO2025007759A1 WO 2025007759 A1 WO2025007759 A1 WO 2025007759A1 CN 2024100689 W CN2024100689 W CN 2024100689W WO 2025007759 A1 WO2025007759 A1 WO 2025007759A1
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hall
hall sensor
brushless
errors
new
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French (fr)
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张桂军
李卓
陈永全
张健
陆倩
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Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/10Pre-processing; Data cleansing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20Analysing
    • G06F18/24Classification techniques
    • G06F18/243Classification techniques relating to the number of classes
    • G06F18/2431Multiple classes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16Circuit arrangements for detecting position

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  • the invention belongs to the field of brushless DC motor control, and in particular relates to a fault diagnosis method for a Hall sensor in a brushless DC motor.
  • Brushless DC motors overcome the inherent defects of brushed DC motors and replace mechanical commutators with electronic commutators. Therefore, brushless DC motors have the advantages of good speed regulation performance of DC motors, simple structure, no commutation sparks, reliable operation and easy maintenance of AC motors. Brushless DC motors are equipped with Hall sensors, but there are few solutions for fault diagnosis of Hall sensors in the prior art.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fault diagnosis method for a Hall sensor in a brushless DC motor, to perform fault diagnosis on the Hall sensor in the brushless DC motor, to diagnose which Hall sensors have faults and the type of faults that have occurred, and to perform a delayed judgment operation to avoid false alarms due to a single diagnostic error.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a fault diagnosis method of a Hall sensor in a brushless DC motor, applied to an electronic device of a vehicle, comprising the following steps:
  • S3 determine whether the new_hall of the current cycle is equal to the actual_hall of the total HALL value stored in the previous cycle. If they are not equal, enter S4; if they are equal, it is considered that the brushless DC motor is stopped at this time, and the diagnosis ends;
  • the present invention also provides a fault diagnosis system for a Hall sensor in a brushless DC motor, comprising a memory, a controller, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the controller, wherein the controller implements the steps of any of the methods described above when executing the program.
  • the present invention further provides a brushless DC motor memory having a program stored therein.
  • the program is executed by the controller, the steps of any of the above methods are implemented.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention performs fault diagnosis on the Hall sensors in the brushless DC motor, diagnoses which Hall sensors have faults and the types of faults, and performs a delayed judgment operation to avoid false alarms due to a single diagnostic error.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection between the CPU and the Hall sensor in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG3( a ) is a diagram showing the commutation sequence of the Hall sensor when the brushless DC motor is reversed in the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3( b ) is a diagram showing the commutation sequence of the Hall sensor when the brushless DC motor rotates forward in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a fault diagnosis method for a Hall sensor in a brushless DC motor, applied to an electronic device of a vehicle comprises the following steps:
  • S3 determine whether the new_hall of the current cycle is equal to the actual_hall of the total HALL value stored in the previous cycle. If they are not equal, enter S4; if they are equal, it is considered that the brushless DC motor is stopped at this time, and the diagnosis ends;
  • the S6 is specifically:
  • S61 determine whether the number of hall errors is less than a first threshold, if yes, proceed to S62; if no, proceed to S71;
  • S64 determine whether the cumulative number of hall errors reaches a first threshold, if yes, proceed to S7; if no, consider the detection error and re-execute S64.
  • the S7 is specifically:
  • S72 determine whether the first group of data taken out is 7, if yes, perform bitwise AND operation on the four groups of data, and accumulate the counts of the corresponding bits of each Hall sensor to obtain the count values of the corresponding bits of each Hall sensor, and enter S73; if no, enter S74;
  • S74 determine whether the first group of data taken out is 0, if yes, perform bitwise XOR operation on the 4 groups of data and 7, then perform bitwise AND operation, and accumulate the counts of the corresponding bits of each Hall sensor to obtain the count values of the corresponding bits of each Hall sensor, and enter S75;
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a fault diagnosis method for a Hall sensor in a brushless DC motor, applied to an electronic device of a vehicle comprises the following steps:
  • S3 determine whether the new_hall of the current cycle is equal to the actual_hall of the total HALL value stored in the previous cycle. If they are not equal, enter S4; if they are equal, it is considered that the brushless DC motor is stopped at this time, and the diagnosis ends;
  • the S6 is specifically:
  • S61 determine whether the number of hall errors is less than a first threshold, if yes, proceed to S62; if no, proceed to S71;
  • S64 determine whether the cumulative number of hall errors reaches a first threshold, if yes, proceed to S7; if no, consider the detection error and re-execute S64.
  • the S7 is specifically:
  • S72 determine whether the first group of data taken out is 14, if yes, perform bitwise AND operation on the four groups of data, and accumulate the counts of the corresponding bits of each Hall sensor to obtain the count values of the corresponding bits of each Hall sensor, and enter S73; if no, enter S74;
  • S74 determine whether the first group of data taken out is 0, if yes, perform bitwise XOR operation on the 4 groups of data and 14, then perform bitwise AND operation, and accumulate the counts of the corresponding bits of each Hall sensor to obtain the count values of the corresponding bits of each Hall sensor, and then enter S75;
  • the present invention also provides a fault diagnosis system for a Hall sensor in a brushless DC motor, comprising a memory, a controller, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the controller, wherein the controller implements the steps of any of the above methods when executing the program.
  • the present invention further provides a brushless DC motor memory, on which a program is stored, and when the program is executed by a controller, the steps of any of the above methods are implemented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,读取全部霍尔传感器的位置信号获取其对应的HALL值;在此周期中,将全部霍尔传感器的HALL值相加得到HALL总和初始值primary_hall;在其他任意周期中,将全部霍尔传感器的HALL值相加得到HALL总和值new_hall;判断当前周期的new_hall和上一周期储存得到的HALL总和值actual_hall是否相等,如果不相等,则进判断new_hall是否在有效区间内,如果否,则将new_hall存入hallHistory,hall错误累计次数加1,当hall错误累计次数达到第一阈值时,进行霍尔传感器故障类型诊断,根据数据内容上报HALL传感器故障及故障类型。本发明对无刷直流电机中的霍尔传感器进行故障诊断,诊断得到具体哪些霍尔传感器发生了故障及发生的故障类型,且做了延时判断操作,避免出现因单次诊断错误产生误报的情况。

Description

一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请实施例基于申请号为202310817840.6、申请日为2023年07月04日的中国专利申请提出,并要求该中国专利申请的优先权,该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请实施例作为参考。
技术领域
本发明属于无刷直流电机控制领域,具体涉及一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法。
背景技术
无刷直流电机克服了有刷直流电机的先天性缺陷,以电子换向器取代了机械换向器,所以无刷直流电机既具有直流电机良好的调速性能等特点,又具有交流电机结构简单、无换向火花、运行可靠和易于维护等优点。无刷直流电机中带有霍尔传感器,现有技术中鲜有对其中霍尔传感器进行故障诊断的方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,对无刷直流电机中的霍尔传感器进行故障诊断,诊断得到具体哪些霍尔传感器发生了故障及发生的故障类型,且做了延时判断操作,避免出现因单次诊断错误产生误报的情况。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,应用于车辆的电子设备中,包括以下步骤:
S1、读取全部霍尔传感器的位置信号获取其对应的HALL值;其中,在霍 尔传感器的位置信号被读取时发送其对应的HALL值,各霍尔传感器分别按位赋予HALL值k1、k2...km,且满足k1=ak2,k2=ak3...km-1=akm,k1、k2...km、a均为正整数,a≥2;在此周期中,将全部霍尔传感器的HALL值相加得到HALL总和初始值primary_hall;
S2、在其他任意周期中,将全部霍尔传感器的HALL值相加得到HALL总和值new_hall;
S3、判断当前周期的new_hall和上一周期储存得到的HALL总和值actual_hall是否相等,如果不相等,则进入S4;如果相等,则认为此时无刷直流电机停转,结束诊断;
S4、判断new_hall是否在有效区间【km,k1+k2+...+km-1】内,如果是,则进入S5;如果否,则进入S6;
S5、将hall错误累计次数置0,并将new_hall的数值赋给actual_hall,将new_hall及其对应的各霍尔传感器的HALL值作为一组数据存入HALL总和值历史数组hallHistory中,进入S6;其中,hall错误累计次数为诊断中霍尔传感器错误次数的统计值;
S6、将new_hall存入hallHistory,hall错误累计次数加1,当hall错误累计次数达到第一阈值时,进行霍尔传感器故障类型诊断;
S7、从hallHistory中从后往前依次取出n组数据,对n组数据进行按位运算,并对各霍尔传感器的对应位累加计数分别得到各霍尔传感器对应位的计数值,根据计算值判断对应霍尔传感器的故障类型。
作为第二方面,本发明还提供一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断系统,包括存储器、控制器以及存储在存储器上并可在控制器器上运行的计算机程序,所述控制器执行所述程序时实现如上述任一项所述方法的步骤。
作为第三方面,本发明还提供一种无刷直流电机存储器,其上存储有程序, 所述程序被控制器执行时实现如上述任一项所述方法的步骤。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明对无刷直流电机中的霍尔传感器进行故障诊断,诊断得到具体哪些霍尔传感器发生了故障及发生的故障类型,且做了延时判断操作,避免出现因单次诊断错误产生误报的情况。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的流程示意图;
图2为本发明实施例中CPU与霍尔传感器连接的结构示意图;
图3(a)为本发明实施例中无刷直流电机反转时霍尔传感器的换相顺序图;
图3(b)为本发明实施例中无刷直流电机正转时霍尔传感器的换相顺序图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
本发明的技术方案为:
实施例1:
一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,应用于车辆的电子设备中,包括以下步骤:
S1、如图1所示,读取全部3个霍尔传感器的位置信号获取其对应的HALL值(按位赋值A=4,B=2,C=1),认为此时对应霍尔传感器的引脚均处于高电平;在此周期中,将全部霍尔传感器的HALL值相加得到HALL总和初始值primary_hall为7;
S2、在其他任意周期中,将全部3个霍尔传感器的HALL值相加得到HALL总和值new_hall;当对应霍尔传感器的引脚处于高电平,则将该位置其对应HALL值
S3、判断当前周期的new_hall和上一周期储存得到的HALL总和值actual_hall是否相等,如果不相等,则进入S4;如果相等,则认为此时无刷直流电机停转,结束诊断;
S4、判断new_hall是否在有效区间【1,6】内,如果是,则进入S5;如果否,则进入S6;
S5、将hall错误累计次数置0,并将new_hall的数值赋给actual_hall,将new_hall及其对应的各霍尔传感器的HALL值作为一组数据存入HALL总和值历史数组hallHistory中,进入S6;其中,hall错误累计次数为诊断中霍尔传感器错误次数的统计值;
S6、将new_hall存入hallHistory,hall错误累计次数加1,当hall错误累计次数达到第一阈值时,本实施例中第一阈值为8,进行霍尔传感器故障类型诊断;
S7、从hallHistory中从后往前依次取出4组数据,对4组数据进行按位运算,并对各霍尔传感器的对应位累加计数分别得到各霍尔传感器对应位的计数值,根据计算值判断对应霍尔传感器的故障类型。
所述S6具体为:
S61、判断hall错误累次次数是否小于第一阈值,如果是,则进入S62;如果否,则进入S71;
S62、判断hall错误累计次数是否为0,如果是,则将new_hall存入hallHistory后进入S63;如果否则进入S64;
S63、hall错误累计次数加1;
S64、判断hall错误累计次数是否达到第一阈值,如果是,则进入S7;如果否,则认为检测错误,重新执行S64。
所述S7具体为:
S71、从hallHistory中从后往前依次取出4组数据;
S72、判断取出的第一组数据是否为7,如果是,则对4组数据做按位与运算,并对各霍尔传感器的对应位累加计数分别得到各霍尔传感器对应位的计数值,进入S73;如果否,则进入S74;
S73、判断是否存在某一计数值为4,如果是,则该位对应的HALL传感器开路或者对电源短路;如果否,则该位对应的HALL传感器无故障;
S74、判断取出的第一组数据是否为0,如果是,则对4组数据和7做按位异或运算后做按位与运算,并对各霍尔传感器的对应位累加计数分别得到各霍尔传感器对应位的计数值,进入S75;
S75、判断是否存在某一计数值为4,如果是,则该位对应的HALL传感器对地短路;如果否,则该位对应的HALL传感器无故障。
实施例2:
一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,应用于车辆的电子设备中,包括以下步骤:
S1、如图1所示,读取全部3个霍尔传感器的位置信号获取其对应的HALL值(按位赋值A=8,B=4,C=2),认为此时对应霍尔传感器的引脚均处于高电平;在此周期中,将全部霍尔传感器的HALL值相加得到HALL总和初始值primary_hall为14;
S2、在其他任意周期中,将全部3个霍尔传感器的HALL值相加得到HALL 总和值new_hall;当对应霍尔传感器的引脚处于高电平,则将该位置其对应HALL值;
S3、判断当前周期的new_hall和上一周期储存得到的HALL总和值actual_hall是否相等,如果不相等,则进入S4;如果相等,则认为此时无刷直流电机停转,结束诊断;
S4、判断new_hall是否在有效区间【2,12】内,如果是,则进入S5;如果否,则进入S6;
S5、将hall错误累计次数置0,并将new_hall的数值赋给actual_hall,将new_hall及其对应的各霍尔传感器的HALL值作为一组数据存入HALL总和值历史数组hallHistory中,进入S6;其中,hall错误累计次数为诊断中霍尔传感器错误次数的统计值;
S6、将new_hall存入hallHistory,hall错误累计次数加1,当hall错误累计次数达到第一阈值时,本实施例中第一阈值为10,进行霍尔传感器故障类型诊断;
S7、从hallHistory中从后往前依次取出4组数据,对4组数据进行按位运算,并对各霍尔传感器的对应位累加计数分别得到各霍尔传感器对应位的计数值,根据计算值判断对应霍尔传感器的故障类型。
所述S6具体为:
S61、判断hall错误累次次数是否小于第一阈值,如果是,则进入S62;如果否,则进入S71;
S62、判断hall错误累计次数是否为0,如果是,则将new_hall存入hallHistory后进入S63;如果否则进入S64;
S63、hall错误累计次数加1;
S64、判断hall错误累计次数是否达到第一阈值,如果是,则进入S7;如果否,则认为检测错误,重新执行S64。
所述S7具体为:
S71、从hallHistory中从后往前依次取出4组数据;
S72、判断取出的第一组数据是否为14,如果是,则对4组数据做按位与运算,并对各霍尔传感器的对应位累加计数分别得到各霍尔传感器对应位的计数值,进入S73;如果否,则进入S74;
S73、判断是否存在某一计数值为4,如果是,则该位对应的HALL传感器开路或者对电源短路;如果否,则该位对应的HALL传感器无故障;
S74、判断取出的第一组数据是否为0,如果是,则对4组数据和14做按位异或运算后做按位与运算,并对各霍尔传感器的对应位累加计数分别得到各霍尔传感器对应位的计数值,进入S75;
S75、判断是否存在某一计数值为4,如果是,则该位对应的HALL传感器对地短路;如果否,则该位对应的HALL传感器无故障。
在上述方法基础上,本发明还提供一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断系统,包括存储器、控制器以及存储在存储器上并可在控制器器上运行的计算机程序,所述控制器执行所述程序时实现如上述任一项所述方法的步骤。
在上述方法基础上,本发明还提供一种无刷直流电机存储器,其上存储有程序,所述程序被控制器执行时实现如上述任一项所述方法的步骤。
应理解,上述实施例中各步骤的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后,各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并 不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,应用于车辆的电子设备中,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S1、读取全部霍尔传感器的位置信号获取其对应的HALL值;其中,在霍尔传感器的位置信号被读取时发送其对应的HALL值,各霍尔传感器分别按位赋予HALL值k1、k2...km,且满足k1=ak2,k2=ak3...km-1=akm,k1、k2...km、a均为正整数,a≥2;在此周期中,将全部霍尔传感器的HALL值相加得到HALL总和初始值primary_hall;
    S2、在其他任意周期中,将全部霍尔传感器的HALL值相加得到HALL总和值new_hall;
    S3、判断当前周期的new_hall和上一周期储存得到的HALL总和值actual_hall是否相等,如果不相等,则进入S4;如果相等,则认为此时无刷直流电机停转,结束诊断;
    S4、判断new_hall是否在有效区间【km,k1+k2+...+km-1】内,如果是,则进入S5;如果否,则进入S6;
    S5、将hall错误累计次数置0,并将new_hall的数值赋给actual_hall,将new_hall及其对应的各霍尔传感器的HALL值作为一组数据存入HALL总和值历史数组hallHistory中,进入S6;其中,hall错误累计次数为诊断中霍尔传感器错误次数的统计值;
    S6、将new_hall存入hallHistory,hall错误累计次数加1,当hall错误累计次数达到第一阈值时,进行霍尔传感器故障类型诊断;
    S7、从hallHistory中从后往前依次取出n组数据,对n组数据进行按位运算,并对各霍尔传感器的对应位累加计数分别得到各霍尔传感器对应位的计数值,根据计算值判断对应霍尔传感器的故障类型。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,其 特征在于,所述S6具体为:
    S61、判断hall错误累次次数是否小于第一阈值,如果是,则进入S62;如果否,则进入S7;
    S62、判断hall错误累计次数是否为0,如果是,则将new_hall存入hallHistory后进入S63;如果否,则进入S64;
    S63、hall错误累计次数加1;
    S64、判断hall错误累计次数是否达到第一阈值,如果是,则进入S7;如果否,则认为检测错误,重新执行S64。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,其特征在于,所述S7具体为:
    S71、从hallHistory中从后往前依次取出n组数据;
    S72、判断取出的第一组数据是否为(k1+k2+...+km),如果是,则对n组数据做按位与运算,并对各霍尔传感器的对应位累加计数分别得到各霍尔传感器对应位的计数值,进入S73;如果否,则进入S74;
    S73、判断是否存在某一计数值为n,如果是,则该位对应的HALL传感器开路或者对电源短路;如果否,则该位对应的HALL传感器无故障;
    S74、判断取出的第一组数据是否为0,如果是,则对n组数据和(k1+k2+...+km)做按位异或运算后做按位与运算,并对各霍尔传感器的对应位累加计数分别得到各霍尔传感器对应位的计数值,进入S75;
    S75、判断是否存在某一计数值为n,如果是,则该位对应的HALL传感器对地短路;如果否,则该位对应的HALL传感器无故障。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,其特征在于,霍尔传感器数量为3。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,其特征在于,k3取1,a取2,则有k1=4,k2=2。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,其特征在于,取出数据的组数n为4。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,其特征在于,通过cpu的IO引脚分别读取各霍尔传感器的位置信号,当对应霍尔传感器的引脚处于高电平,则将该位置其对应HALL值。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断方法,其特征在于,第一阈值为5-20。
  9. 一种无刷直流电机中霍尔传感器的故障诊断系统,包括存储器、控制器以及存储在存储器上并可在控制器器上运行的计算机程序,其特征在于,所述控制器执行所述程序时实现如权利要求1-8任一项所述方法的步骤。
  10. 一种无刷直流电机存储器,其上存储有程序,其特征在于,所述程序被控制器执行时实现如权利要求1-8任一项所述方法的步骤。
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