WO2025007432A1 - 电池箱、电池系统及车辆 - Google Patents

电池箱、电池系统及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025007432A1
WO2025007432A1 PCT/CN2023/121180 CN2023121180W WO2025007432A1 WO 2025007432 A1 WO2025007432 A1 WO 2025007432A1 CN 2023121180 W CN2023121180 W CN 2023121180W WO 2025007432 A1 WO2025007432 A1 WO 2025007432A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
branch
battery box
interface
box
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/121180
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴凯
杨正兴
刘斌
李坤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP23944155.3A priority Critical patent/EP4737186A1/en
Publication of WO2025007432A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025007432A1/zh
Priority to US19/439,604 priority patent/US20260128483A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/103—Fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery box, a battery system and a vehicle.
  • the battery system needs to be additionally equipped with a high-voltage distribution box, which is used to manage and monitor the power distribution of the battery box, but there is a problem of low integration.
  • the present application provides a battery box and a vehicle, which solves the problem of low integration of the battery system of current electric vehicles.
  • a battery box comprising: a plurality of battery branches, the plurality of battery branches being connected in parallel; each of the plurality of battery branches comprising a battery;
  • a branch interface provided corresponding to the battery branch, the branch interface being electrically connected to the corresponding battery branch and being used for connecting to an external battery box;
  • a high-voltage power distribution module electrically connected to the battery branch, for performing power distribution management and monitoring on the battery branch;
  • the main circuit output interface is electrically connected to the battery branch and the high-voltage power distribution module respectively, and is used to connect to the power supply interface of the vehicle.
  • the high-voltage distribution module of the high-voltage distribution box is integrated in the battery box.
  • the high-voltage distribution module inside the battery box is used to manage and monitor the power distribution of multiple parallel battery branches in the battery box, which can improve the integration of the battery system of the electric vehicle.
  • different battery branches include an equal number of batteries.
  • the branch interface includes: a positive branch interface electrically connected to a positive electrode of a battery in the battery branch and used to connect to a positive electrode interface of the external battery box;
  • the negative electrode branch interface is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery in the battery branch and is used to connect to the negative electrode interface of the external battery box.
  • the battery box further includes: a protection module electrically connected to the battery branch.
  • the protection module includes: a battery branch protection unit connected to a battery of the battery branch; and a main circuit protection unit connected between the battery branch and the main circuit output interface.
  • the main circuit protection device includes:
  • a main circuit positive electrode protection device connected between the positive branch interface and the main circuit output interface
  • the main circuit negative pole protection device is connected between the negative pole branch interface and the main circuit output interface.
  • the battery branch protection unit includes a fuse.
  • a fuse is provided in each battery branch.
  • the fuse blows to protect the battery in the battery branch and improve the safety of the battery box.
  • the main circuit positive electrode protection device includes a first relay.
  • the main circuit positive electrode protection device also includes a second relay.
  • the protection module further includes: a pre-charging unit, which is connected in parallel with the main circuit protection unit.
  • the overall compatibility of the battery box and the vehicle can be improved by providing a pre-charging unit.
  • the battery branch further includes: a current sensing module connected to the negative electrode branch interface.
  • the high-voltage power distribution module includes: a first sampling unit, electrically connected to the battery branch, and configured to collect operating parameters of the battery;
  • a second sampling unit is electrically connected to the main circuit output interface and is used to collect bus voltage
  • a battery management unit is connected to the first sampling unit and the second sampling unit respectively, and is used for power distribution management and monitoring.
  • the main loop output interface includes a high voltage power terminal and a low voltage terminal.
  • the main circuit output interface includes a quick-change electrical connector.
  • the battery box further includes: a communication interface, electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution module, and used to connect to the external battery box.
  • the communication interface is connected to the communication interface of the external battery box to obtain relevant information (such as temperature, voltage, etc.) of the battery in the external battery box and transmit it to the high-voltage power distribution module, thereby realizing the high-voltage power distribution module to Management and monitoring of batteries in an external battery box: Specifically, the management and monitoring of batteries in an external battery box may be achieved through a battery management unit in a high-voltage power distribution module.
  • the battery box further includes: a debugging and diagnostic interface electrically connected to the battery branch circuit and used for connecting a testing device.
  • the debugging diagnostic interface can be used to connect to the debugging device for debugging.
  • the battery box further includes a water inlet and a water outlet.
  • the battery box includes a box body; the batteries are placed on two sides of the box body, and the electrical components of the battery box are placed between the batteries on both sides.
  • the batteries are placed on both sides of the box and the electrical components are placed in the middle, thereby improving the rigidity of the overall structure of the battery box.
  • the main circuit output interface is arranged on the upper surface of the box, and the branch interface, communication interface, debugging and diagnostic interface, water inlet and water outlet are arranged on the vertical surface of the box.
  • a battery system comprising a battery box as described in any one of the first aspect and an external battery box connected to the battery box.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising a battery box as described in the first aspect or a battery system as described in the second aspect.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of a battery box provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of a battery box provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a battery box provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of a battery box provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of a battery box provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of a battery box provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of a battery box provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of a battery box provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of a battery box provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of application scenarios of battery boxes provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the layout of batteries and electrical components of a battery box provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the layout of various interfaces of a battery box provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the term "and/or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • a battery cell is a basic unit device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy, and usually includes: electrodes, separators, electrolytes, casings and terminals.
  • a battery module is a device that is composed of one or more battery cells connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel, and has only one pair of positive and negative output terminals.
  • the battery box is a carrier for the battery of an electric vehicle. It has the functions of installation, fixing, protection and sealing. It usually includes a box body, a battery placed inside the box body, electrical components for realizing electrical connection of the battery, and an interface for external connection.
  • the battery box is usually equipped with a cell collection unit (Cell Supervision Circuit, CSC), which can collect temperature and voltage information of each battery cell.
  • CSC Cell Supervision Circuit
  • the high-voltage distribution box is a high-voltage distribution device for electric vehicles. It can couple the output power of multiple battery boxes and distribute the output power of multiple battery boxes to motor controllers, electric compressors, PTC heaters and other systems that require high-voltage power supply.
  • the high-voltage distribution box has current and voltage acquisition functions, can safely manage the battery box, and realize overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection and over-temperature protection. It also has the function of real-time monitoring of high-voltage connection status and high-voltage insulation status.
  • the high-voltage distribution box usually includes a current sensor, a high-voltage sampling module and a battery management unit (BMU).
  • the current sensor can collect the current parameters of each battery box
  • the high-voltage sampling module can collect the high-voltage bus voltage and monitor the insulation status of the high-voltage bus
  • the battery management unit can summarize and analyze the information of the battery system of the entire electric vehicle, monitor and manage it, and interact with the outside.
  • the battery system of electric vehicles needs to be additionally configured with a high-voltage distribution box, which is used to manage and monitor the power distribution of the battery box, resulting in a low degree of integration.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery box, which integrates a high-voltage distribution box into the battery box, uses a high-voltage distribution module to manage and monitor the power distribution of multiple parallel battery branches in the battery box, and connects to an external battery box by setting a branch interface to achieve output management and monitoring of the external battery box, which can effectively improve the integration of the vehicle's battery system.
  • the battery box disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used in electrical devices that use batteries as power sources or various energy storage systems that use batteries as energy storage elements.
  • Electrical devices include but are not limited to power tools, battery vehicles, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spacecraft, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a new energy vehicle, which may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a battery system 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery system 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery system 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery system 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery system 100 can not only serve as the operating power source of the vehicle 1000, but also serve as the driving power source of the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery system 100 includes a battery box provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells or batteries may be included in the battery box.
  • Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel.
  • Multiple battery cells may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells is accommodated in the box; the multiple batteries are then connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the box.
  • the battery system 100 may also include other structures.
  • the battery system 100 may also include a busbar component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells.
  • the above-mentioned battery system may include an ordinary battery box (i.e., a battery box without an integrated high-voltage distribution box function, i.e., an external battery box) and a battery box as provided in the embodiments of the present application (i.e., a battery box with an integrated high-voltage distribution box).
  • the output power of the battery of the battery system is coupled by the high-voltage distribution module in the battery box provided in the embodiments of the present application to realize the function of the high-voltage distribution box.
  • Each battery cell may include a secondary battery or a primary battery, or may include a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery.
  • the battery cell may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or in other shapes.
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a battery management system 200 and a motor 300.
  • the main functions of the battery management system (BMS) 200 include battery parameter monitoring, battery status estimation, online fault diagnosis, charging control, automatic balancing, thermal management, etc.
  • the high-voltage power distribution module of the battery box in the embodiment of the present application integrates some functions of the battery management system, and can also realize functions such as battery parameter monitoring.
  • the battery box 10 may include a plurality of battery branches 11, branch interfaces 12 corresponding to the battery branches 11, a high-voltage power distribution module 13, and a main circuit output interface 14.
  • the plurality of battery branches 11 are connected in parallel, and each of the plurality of battery branches 11 includes a battery 11 a .
  • the branch interface 12 is electrically connected to the corresponding battery branch 11 and is used to connect to the external battery box 20 .
  • the high-voltage power distribution module 13 is electrically connected to the battery branch 11 and is used for power distribution management and monitoring of the battery branch 11 .
  • the main circuit output interface 14 is electrically connected to the battery branch 11 and the high-voltage power distribution module 13 respectively, and is used to connect to the power supply interface of the vehicle 1000 .
  • electric energy is provided by multiple battery branches connected in parallel, and a branch interface is provided to connect an external battery box, so that the battery of the external battery box is connected to the high-voltage power distribution module in the battery box provided in the embodiment of the present application, so that the high-voltage power distribution module can couple the electric energy provided by the multiple parallel battery branches, thereby realizing high-voltage power distribution.
  • the battery 11a may be a battery monomer or a battery module.
  • the battery branch 11 may include a plurality of batteries 11a, and the plurality of batteries 11a may be connected in series and/or in parallel, that is, the plurality of batteries 11a may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of series and parallel.
  • the batteries 11a may be connected in a combination of series and parallel, which may be connected in series first and then in parallel, or in parallel first and then in series.
  • different battery branches 11 in the battery box 10 may include equal or unequal numbers of batteries 11 a.
  • the battery box 10 includes three battery branches 11, namely a first battery branch, a second battery branch and a third battery branch, wherein the number of batteries 11a in the first battery branch is 1, the number of batteries 11a in the second battery branch is 2, and the number of batteries 11a in the third battery branch is 3.
  • the first battery branch needs to be connected to 3 external battery boxes
  • the second battery branch needs to be connected to 2 external battery boxes
  • the third battery branch needs to be connected to 1 external battery box 20, so that the output voltage of each battery branch is consistent.
  • the external battery box can also be a battery box of different specifications.
  • the parameters of the battery 11a of each battery branch 11 in the battery box 10 and the parameters of the battery in the external battery box 20 can be considered to determine which external battery box 20 each battery branch needs to be connected to.
  • the number of batteries 11 a in the battery box 10 is an integer multiple of the number of battery branches 11 .
  • the branch interface 12 may include a positive branch interface 12 a and a negative branch interface 12 b .
  • the positive electrode branch interface 12 a is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery 11 a in the battery branch 11 , and is used to connect to the positive electrode interface 21 of the external battery box 20 .
  • the negative electrode branch interface 12 b is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery 11 a of the battery branch 11 , and is used to connect to the negative electrode interface 22 of the external battery box 20 .
  • the external battery box 20 may be a common battery box, that is, the battery box only includes a battery
  • the high voltage distribution module 13 in the battery box 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application couples and distributes the electric energy output by the multiple parallel battery branches 11 formed by the multiple battery boxes (including the battery box 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application and the external battery box 20).
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a battery box provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery box 10 includes three battery branches 11, and the number of batteries in each battery branch 11 is equal (assuming 2).
  • Each battery branch is connected to two external battery boxes 20 (assuming that the specifications of each external battery box 20 are the same).
  • the battery box 10 is connected to the positive electrode interface 21 of the external battery box 20 through the positive branch interface 12a, and is connected to the negative electrode interface 22 of the external battery box 20 through the negative branch interface 12b, so that the external battery box is connected to the battery branch 11, so that the high-voltage distribution module in the battery box 10 can be used to distribute and manage the electric energy output by the batteries 11a in multiple parallel-connected battery branches 11.
  • the above-mentioned external battery box 20 can also be a battery box with integrated high-voltage distribution box function provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the present application will not elaborate on this.
  • the positive branch interface 12a and the negative branch interface 12b are mainly used for high-voltage connection power transmission, and may include but are not limited to quick-connect connectors or locking bolt connectors.
  • Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery box provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • the above-mentioned high-voltage distribution module 13 may include a first sampling unit 13a, a second sampling unit 13b and a battery management unit 13c.
  • the first sampling unit 13a is electrically connected to the battery branch 11 for collecting the working parameters of the battery 11a.
  • the second sampling unit 13b is electrically connected to the main circuit output interface 14 for collecting the bus voltage.
  • the battery management unit 13c is respectively connected to the first sampling unit 13a and the second sampling unit 13b for power distribution management and monitoring.
  • the operating parameters of the above-mentioned battery 11a may include but are not limited to battery temperature and battery voltage.
  • the above-mentioned first sampling unit may be a CSC acquisition unit, which collects temperature and voltage information of each battery cell and feeds it back to the battery management unit 13c, so that the battery management unit 13c can monitor the status of the batteries in each battery box.
  • the second sampling unit 13b can be connected to the high-voltage bus through the main circuit output interface 14, so as to collect the bus voltage of the high-voltage bus, and the second sampling unit 13b can also monitor the insulation state of the high-voltage bus.
  • the battery management unit 13c can summarize and analyze the information collected by the first sampling unit 13a and the second sampling unit 13b to determine the battery status and the working environment status. At the same time, the battery management unit 13c can also realize the high-voltage power distribution function to provide high-voltage power supply for systems/modules that require high-voltage power supply.
  • the main circuit output interface 14 is the power supply output interface of the battery box 10 to the whole vehicle, that is, through The main circuit output interface 14 is connected to the vehicle and connected to the power supply interface of the vehicle 1000 to realize power supply.
  • the above-mentioned main circuit output interface 14 can integrate high-voltage terminals and low-voltage terminals.
  • the high-voltage terminals can withstand a voltage of up to 5KV
  • the low-voltage terminals can include connection terminals for signal connectors, data transmission connectors, optical fiber connectors and other connectors.
  • the main circuit output interface 14 may include a quick-change electrical connector.
  • the quick-change electrical connector is an important component of the quick-change battery system. It is a special connector used to achieve quick electrical connection and separation between the entire vehicle and the quick-change battery system. It mainly includes quick-change plugs, quick-change sockets and related cables. It can quickly change voltage and current. Because it uses specially designed conductive materials, it can effectively reduce the occurrence of electric shock accidents and improve the safety of battery replacement.
  • FIG6 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery box provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery box 10 further includes a protection module 15 .
  • the protection module 15 is electrically connected to the battery branch 11 .
  • the protection module 15 is used to protect the battery 11 a in the battery branch 11 , and may include protection devices such as a fuse and a relay.
  • the protection module 15 may include a battery branch protection unit 15a and a main circuit protection unit 15b.
  • the battery branch protection unit 15a is connected to the battery 11a in the battery branch 11.
  • the main circuit protection unit 15b is connected between the battery branch 11 and the main circuit output interface 14.
  • the battery branch protection unit 15a is used to protect each battery branch, and the main circuit protection unit 15b is used to protect the entire output circuit.
  • the main circuit protection unit 15b may include a main circuit positive electrode protection device 15b1 and a main circuit negative electrode protection device 15b2.
  • the main circuit positive protection device 15b1 is connected between the positive branch interface 12a and the main circuit output interface 14; the main circuit negative protection device 15b2 is connected between the negative branch interface 12b and the main circuit output interface 14.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit structure of a battery box provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery branch protection unit 15a includes a fuse Fuse.
  • a fuse is provided in each battery branch.
  • the fuse blows to protect the battery in the battery branch and improve the safety of the battery box.
  • the main circuit positive electrode protection device 15 b 1 includes a first relay K 1 ; the main circuit negative electrode protection device 15 b 2 includes a second relay K 2 .
  • Each battery branch 11 is provided with a battery branch protection unit 15 a , that is, each battery branch 11 is provided with a fuse.
  • the protection module 15 may further include a pre-charging unit 15 c .
  • the pre-charging unit 15 c is connected in parallel with the main circuit protection unit 15 b .
  • the pre-charging unit 15c can be connected in parallel with the main circuit positive protection device 15b1, or connected in parallel with the main circuit negative protection device 15b2.
  • FIG8 only illustrates the pre-charging unit 15c being connected in parallel with the main circuit positive protection device 15b1.
  • the above-mentioned pre-charging unit can be implemented by using an existing pre-charging circuit, which will not be elaborated in this application.
  • the overall compatibility of the battery box and the vehicle can be improved by providing a pre-charging unit.
  • each battery branch 11 is also provided with a corresponding current sensing module 11b, which is connected to the negative branch interface, and can detect the current parameters of each battery branch through the current sensing module 11b in each battery branch 11, thereby determining the battery condition of each battery branch 11.
  • the current sensing module 11b may include a current sensor.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery box provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery box provided in the embodiment of the present application also includes a communication interface 16 and a debugging and diagnostic interface 17.
  • the communication interface 16 is electrically connected to the high-voltage power distribution module 13 and is used to connect to the external battery box 20 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of application scenarios of battery boxes provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • the communication interface 16 is connected to the communication interface 23 of the external battery box 20, and can obtain relevant information (such as temperature, voltage, etc.) of the battery in the external battery box 20, and transmit it to the high-voltage distribution module 13, so as to realize the management and monitoring of the battery in the external battery box 20 by the high-voltage distribution module 13.
  • the management and monitoring of the battery in the external battery box 20 can be realized by the battery management unit 13c in the high-voltage distribution module 13.
  • the communication interface 16 may be a low-voltage communication interface.
  • the debugging and diagnostic interface 17 is electrically connected to the battery branch 11.
  • the debugging and diagnostic interface 17 can also be a low-voltage connector, which can provide a debugging interface for the battery.
  • the debugging and diagnostic interface 17 can be used to connect the debugging device for debugging.
  • the battery box further includes a water inlet 18 and a water outlet 19 .
  • the water inlet 18 and the water outlet 19 are used to transport water for use in the temperature equalization process of the battery 11a. Use liquid.
  • the battery box 10 includes a box body 110 .
  • the batteries 11 a are placed on both sides of the box 110 , and the electrical components of the battery box 10 are placed between the batteries 11 a on both sides.
  • the above-mentioned electrical components include but are not limited to the above-mentioned fuse, the above-mentioned first relay, the above-mentioned second relay, the above-mentioned current sensor, the above-mentioned battery management unit, the above-mentioned CSC acquisition unit, the above-mentioned high-voltage sampling module, etc.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the layout of batteries and electrical components of a battery box provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 11a is a battery module as an example, assuming that the battery box includes 4 (4 battery branches) * 8 (each battery branch has 8 battery modules) battery modules, that is, when placing the battery modules, the 32 battery modules can be evenly divided into 4 groups, and two groups of battery modules are placed on each side of the box body 110 of the battery box 10 (each group of battery modules includes 8 battery modules), and the fuse, the first relay, the second relay, the current sensor, the battery management unit, the CSC acquisition unit, and the high-voltage sampling module are placed in the middle (i.e., between the battery modules on both sides).
  • the main circuit output interface 14 is disposed on the upper surface of the box 110.
  • the branch circuit interface 12, the communication interface 16, the debugging and diagnosis interface 17, the water inlet 18 and the water outlet 19 are disposed on the vertical surface of the box 110.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the layout of various interfaces of the battery box provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the upper surface of the box body 110 is provided with a main circuit output interface 14, and the vertical surface of the box body 110 is provided with a positive branch interface 12a (two positive branch interfaces 12a are taken as an example in FIG. 11), a negative branch interface 12b (two negative branch interfaces 12b are taken as an example in FIG. 11), a communication interface 16, a debugging and diagnostic interface 17, and a water inlet 18.
  • the present application also provides a battery system, the battery system comprising a battery box as described in any of the above embodiments and an external battery box connected to the battery box.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a car, which includes the battery system or the battery box.

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Abstract

一种电池箱、电池系统及车辆，电池箱（10）包括多个电池支路（11），多个电池支路（11）并联连接；多个电池支路（11）中的每个电池支路（11）包括电池（11a）；与电池支路（11）对应设置的支路接口（12），支路接口（12）与对应的电池支路（11）电连接，用于连接外部电池箱（20）；高压配电模块（13），与电池支路（11）电连接，用于对电池支路（11）进行配电管理和监测；主回路输出接口（14），分别与电池支路（11）和高压配电模块（13）电连接，用于连接车辆（1000）的供电接口，通过多个并联连接的电池支路（11）提供电能，设置支路接口（12）连接外部电池箱（20），将外部电池箱（20）的电池连接到高压配电模块（13）中，使得高压配电模块（13）能够对多个并联的电池支路（11）的电能进行耦合，实现高压配电，在电池箱（10）中集成高压配电盒的功能，提高了电池系统的集成度。

Description

电池箱、电池系统及车辆
本申请要求于2023年07月05日在国家知识产权局提交的、申请号为202321746961.8、发明名称为“电池箱、电池系统及车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池箱、电池系统及车辆。
背景技术
随着电动汽车和混动汽车的不断发展，用户对于车辆的电池箱的要求越来越高，希望电池箱充电时间越短越好。为了提高车辆的续航能力，减少用户等待车辆充电的时间，目前提出了充电电池的快换技术。快换技术是指电动汽车直接更换有电的电池箱，将原来需要充电的电池箱放在换电站中进行充电，从而减少用户等待电动汽车充电的时长。
目前，电池系统需要额外配置高压配电盒，利用高压配电盒对电池箱进行配电管理和监测，存在集成度较低的问题。
技术问题
本申请提供一种电池箱及车辆，解决了目前电动汽车的电池系统存在集成度较低的问题。
技术解决方案
为达到上述目的，本申请采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，提供一种电池箱，包括：多个电池支路，所述多个电池支路并联连接；所述多个电池支路中的每个电池支路包括电池；
与所述电池支路对应设置的支路接口，所述支路接口与对应的所述电池支路电连接，用于连接外部电池箱；
高压配电模块，与所述电池支路电连接，用于对所述电池支路进行配电管理和监测；
主回路输出接口，分别与所述电池支路和所述高压配电模块电连接，用于连接车辆的供电接口。
本申请实施例中，高压配电盒的高压配电模块集成在电池箱内，利用电池箱内部的高压配电模块对电池箱的多个并联的电池支路进行配电管理和监测，能够提高电动汽车的电池系统的集成度。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，不同电池支路包括数量相等的电池。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述支路接口包括：正极支路接口，与所述电池支路中电池的正极电连接，用于连接所述外部电池箱的正极接口；
负极支路接口，与所述电池支路中电池的负极电连接，用于连接所述外部电池箱的负极接口。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述电池箱还包括：保护模块，与所述电池支路电连接。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述保护模块包括：电池支路保护单元，与所述电池支路的电池连接；主回路保护单元，连接在所述电池支路与所述主回路输出接口之间。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述主回路保护器件包括：
主回路正极保护器件，连接于正极支路接口与所述主回路输出接口之间；
主回路负极保护器件，连接于负极支路接口与所述主回路输出接口之间。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述电池支路保护单元包括保险丝。
本申请实施例中，在每个电池支路中都设置保险丝，在过压、过流等情况下，保险丝熔断从而保护该电池支路中的电池，提高电池箱的安全性。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述主回路正极保护器件包括第一继电器。所述主回路正极保护器件还包括第二继电器。
本申请实施例中，通过设置两个主回路保护器件，能够提高单点失效情况下的安全性。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述保护模块还包括：预充单元，所述预充单元与所述主回路保护单元并联连接。
本申请实施例中，通过设置预充单元可以提高电池箱与车辆的整体适配性。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述电池支路还包括：电流感应模块，与所述负极支路接口连接。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述高压配电模块包括：第一采样单元，与所述电池支路电连接，用于采集所述电池的工作参数；
第二采样单元，与所述主回路输出接口电连接，用于采集母线电压；
电池管理单元，分别与所述第一采样单元和第二采样单元连接，用于配电管理和监测。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述主回路输出接口包括高压功率端子和低压端子。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述主回路输出接口包括快换电连接器。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述电池箱还包括：通信接口，与所述高压配电模块电连接，用于连接所述外部电池箱。
本申请实施例中，通信接口通过与外部电池箱的通信接口连接，能够获取外部电池箱中电池的相关信息(如温度、电压等)，并传输至高压配电模块，从而实现高压配电模块对 外部电池箱中的电池的管理和监测。具体的，可以是通过高压配电模块中的电池管理单元来实现对外部电池箱中的电池的管理和监测。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述电池箱还包括：调试诊断接口，与所述电池支路电连接，用于连接测试装置。
本申请实施例中，在需要对电池箱中的电池进行调试的情况下，就可以利用调试诊断接口连接调试设备，进行调试。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述电池箱还包括进水口和出水口。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述电池箱包括箱体；所述电池放置在所述箱体内的两侧，所述电池箱的电气元件放置在两侧电池之间。
本申请实施例中，通过将电池放置在箱体内的两侧，电气元件放置在中间，从而提高电池箱的整体结构的刚度。
在第一方面的一种实现方式中，所述主回路输出接口设置于所述箱体的上表面，所述支路接口、通信接口、调试诊断接口、进水口以及出水口设置于所述箱体的立面。
第二方面，提供一种电池系统，包括如第一方面任一项所述的电池箱和与上述电池箱连接的外部电池箱。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种车辆，包括如第一方面所述的电池箱或如第二方面所述的电池系统。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1是本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一些实施例提供的电池箱的内部电路结构示意图；
图3是本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的内部电路结构示意图；
图4是本申请一些实施例提供的电池箱的应用场景示意图；
图5是本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的内部电路结构示意图；
图6是本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的内部电路结构示意图；
图7是本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的内部电路结构示意图；
图8是本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的内部电路结构示意图；
图9是本申请一些实施例提供的电池箱的内部电路结构示意图；
图10是本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的内部电路结构示意图；
图11是本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的应用场景示意图；
图12是本申请一些实施例提供的电池箱的电池和电气元件的布局示意图；
图13是本申请一些实施例提供的电池箱的各个接口的布局示意图。
本发明的实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
为了更清楚地阐述本申请技术方案，对本申请涉及的概念进行说明如下：
电池单体，是直接将化学能转换为电能的基本单元装置，通常包括：电极、隔膜、电解质、外壳和端子。
电池模组，是由一个以上电池单体按照串联、并联或者串并联方式组合，且只有一对正负极输出端子的装置。
电池箱，是电动汽车的电池的承载件，具有安装固定、保护以及密封的作用，通常包括箱体，容置于箱体内部的电池，实现电池电气连接的电气元件以及与外部连接的接口。电池箱通常设置有单体采集单元(Cell Supervision Circuit，CSC)，能够采集各个电池单体的温度和电压信息。
高压配电盒，是电动汽车的高压配电装置，能够对多个电池箱的输出电能进行耦合，将多个电池箱的输出的电能分配给电机控制器、电动压缩机、PTC加热器等需要高压供电的系统，高压配电盒具有电流、电压采集功能，能够对电池箱进行安全管理，实现过压保护、过流保护以及过温保护等功能，同时还具备高压连接状态和高压绝缘状态进行实时监测的功能。
高压配电盒通常包括电流传感器、高压采样模块和电池管理单元(Battery Management Unit，BMU)。电流传感器可以采集各个电池箱的电流参数，高压采样模块可以采集高压母线电压，并对高压母线的绝缘状态进行监测，电池管理单元可以对整个电动汽车的电池系统进行信息汇总分析、监控管理以及与外部进行交互。
目前，电动汽车的电池系统需要额外配置高压配电盒，利用外置的高压配电盒对电池箱进行配电管理和监测，存在集成度较低的问题。
基于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电池箱，通过将高压配电盒集成到电池箱中，利用高压配电模块对电池箱中的多个并联的电池支路进行配电管理和监测，并通过设置支路接口连接外部电池箱，实现对外部电池箱的输出管理和监测，能够有效提高车辆的电池系统的集成度。
本申请实施例公开的电池箱可以用于使用电池作为电源的用电装置或者使用电池作为储能元件的各种储能系统。用电装置包括但不限于电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池系统100，电池系统100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池系统100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池系统100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池系统100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
在本申请一些实施例中，上述电池系统100包括本申请实施例提供的电池箱。在电池箱中可以包括电池单体或电池。其中，电池单体可以是多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体内；多个电池再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。电池系统100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池系统100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体之间的电连接。
在本申请一些实施例中，上述电池系统可以包括普通的电池箱(即无集成高压配电盒功能的电池箱，即外部电池箱)和如本申请实施例提供的电池箱(即集成了高压配电盒的电池箱)，通过本申请实施例提供的电池箱中的高压配电模块对电池系统的电池的输出电能进行耦合，实现高压配电盒的功能。
其中，每个电池单体可以包括二次电池或一次电池；还可以包括锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
当然，上述车辆1000还可以包括电池管理系统200和马达300。电池管理系统(Battery Management System，BMS)200的主要功能有电池参数监测、电池状态估计、在线故障诊断、充电控制、自动均衡、热管理等。本申请实施例中电池箱的高压配电模块集成了部分电池管理系统的功能，同样能够实现电池参数监测等功能。
以下结合附图对本申请实施例提供的电池箱进行说明：
请参阅图2，图2为本申请实施例提供的电池箱的结构示意图。如图2所示，上述电池箱10可以包括多个电池支路11、与电池支路11对应设置的支路接口12、高压配电模块13以及主回路输出接口14。
多个电池支路11并联连接，多个电池支路11中的每个电池支路11包括电池11a。
支路接口12与对应的电池支路11电连接，用于连接外部电池箱20。
高压配电模块13与电池支路11电连接，用于对上述电池支路11进行配电管理和监测。
主回路输出接口14分别与电池支路11和高压配电模块13电连接，用于连接车辆1000的供电接口。
本申请实施例中，通过多个并联连接的电池支路提供电能，并设置支路接口连接外部电池箱，以此将外部电池箱的电池连接到本申请实施例提供的电池箱中的高压配电模块中，使得高压配电模块能够对多个并联的电池支路提供的电能进行耦合，从而实现高压配电， 将电能分配至需要高压供电的系统/模块中，在电池箱中集成高压配电盒的功能，有效提高了电池系统的集成度。
在具体应用中，上述电池11a可以是电池单体，也可以是电池模组。上述电池支路11中可以包括多个电池11a，多个电池11a可以串联和/或并联连接，即多个电池11a可以串联连接，也可以并联连接，还可以是串并联结合的方式连接。其中电池11a以串并联结合的方式连接，可以是先串联后并联，也可以是先并联后串联。
在具体应用中，电池箱10中不同的电池支路11可以包括数量相等或不等的电池11a。
当电池箱10中不同的电池支路11中的电池11a的数量不相等时，为了保证各个电池支路11的输出电压一致，在连接外部电池箱时，需要使得连接后的每个电池支路11中包含的电池11a的数量是相等的。
示例性的，假设电池箱10包括3条电池支路11，分别为第一电池支路、第二电池支路以及第三电池支路，其中第一电池支路的电池11a的数量为1，第二电池支路的电池11a的数量为2，第三电池支路的电池11a的数量为3，那么在连接外部电池箱20(假设每个电池箱20内部的电池数量为1，且电池规格一致)时，第一电池支路需要连接3个外部电池箱，第二电池支路需要连接2个外部电池箱20，第三电池支路需要连接1个外部电池箱20，以使得每个电池支路的输出电压是一致的。
可以理解的是，外部电池箱也可以是不同规格的电池箱，在通过电池支路11连接外部电池箱20时，可以考虑电池箱10中各个电池支路11的电池11a的参数和外部电池箱20中的电池的参数来确定每个电池支路需要连接哪个或哪几个外部电池箱20。
由此可以看出，在不同电池支路11的电池11a的数量不相等的情况下，连接外部电池箱20时就根据不同电池支路11的电池11a的数量来确定连接的外部电池箱20的数量，为了便于连接，本申请一实施例通过设置不同电池支路11都包括数量相等的电池11a。
在此，不同电池支路11的电池11a的数量相等的情况下，电池箱10中电池11a的数量就是电池支路11的整数倍。
在本申请一实施例中，如图3所示，上述支路接口12可以包括正极支路接口12a和负极支路接口12b。
正极支路接口12a与电池支路11中电池11a的正极电连接，用于连接外部电池箱20的正极接口21。
负极支路接口12b与电池支路11的电池11a的负极电连接，用于连接外部电池箱20的负极接口22。
在具体应用中，上述外部电池箱20可以是普通的电池箱，即该电池箱中只包括了电 池、实现电池连接的汇流器件以及保护器件，而不包括高压配电模块。即通过本申请实施例提供的电池箱10中的高压配电模块13对多个电池箱(包括本申请实施例提供的电池箱10和外部电池箱20)所形成的多个并联的电池支路11所输出的电能进行耦合和配电。
示例性的，请参阅图4，图4示出了本申请实施例提供的电池箱的应用场景示意图。
如图4所示，电池箱10包括3条电池支路11，每一电池支路11的电池的数量相等(假设为2个)。每一电池支路连接两个外部电池箱20(假设每个外部电池箱20的规格是一致的)。
在具体应用中，电池箱10通过正极支路接口12a与外部电池箱20的正极接口21连接，通过负极支路接口12b与外部电池箱20的负极接口22连接，从而将外部电池箱接入到电池支路11中，从而可以利用电池箱10中的高压配电模块对多个并联连接的电池支路11中电池11a输出的电能进行配电管理。
可以理解的是，在本申请一些实施例中，上述外部电池箱20也可以是本申请实施例提供的集成了高压配电盒功能的电池箱，本申请对此不加以赘述。
在具体应用中，上述正极支路接口12a和负极支路接口12b主要用于高压连接电能传输，可以包括但不限于快插连接器或锁螺栓连接器。
在本申请一实施例中，请参阅图5，图5为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的结构示意图，如图5所示，上述高压配电模块13可以包括第一采样单元13a、第二采样单元13b以及电池管理单元13c。
第一采样单元13a与电池支路11电连接，用于采集电池11a的工作参数。第二采样单元13b与主回路输出接口14电连接，用于采集母线电压。电池管理单元13c分别与第一采样单元13a和第二采样单元13b连接，用于配电管理和监测。
在具体应用中，上述电池11a的工作参数可以包括但不限于电池温度和电池电压，具体的，上述第一采样单元可以是CSC采集单元，通过采集每个电池单体的温度和电压信息，并反馈给电池管理单元13c，从而使得电池管理单元13c可以监测各个电池箱中的电池的状态。
在具体应用中，第二采样单元13b可以通过主回路输出接口14连接高压母线，从而可以采集到高压母线的母线电压，并且第二采样单元13b还可以监测高压母线的绝缘状态。
在具体应用中，上述电池管理单元13c可以对第一采样单元13a和第二采样单元13b采集到的信息进行汇总分析，从而确定出电池状态和工作环境状态，同时电池管理单元13c也可以实现高压配电功能，为需要高压供电的系统/模块提供高压供电。
在具体应用中，上述主回路输出接口14是电池箱10对整车的供电输出接口，即通过 主回路输出接口14与整车对接，连接车辆1000的供电接口，从而实现供电。
在本申请一实施例中，上述主回路输出接口14可以集成高压端子和低压端子，高压端子最高可以承受高达5KV的电压，低压端子可以包括信号接头、数据传输接头、光纤接头等接头的连接端子。
在具体应用中，上述主回路输出接口14可以包括快换电连接器。
快换电连接器是快换电池系统的重要零部件，是用于实现整车与快换电池系统之间电气快速连接、分离的专用连接器，主要包括快换插头、快换插座及相关电缆，可以快速更换电压和电流，因其使用特殊设计的导电材料，能够有效减少触电事故的发生，提高换电的安全性。
在本申请一实施例中，请参阅图6，图6示出了本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的结构示意图。如图6所示，上述电池箱10还包括保护模块15。
上述保护模块15与电池支路11电连接。
保护模块15用于保护电池支路11中的电池11a，可以包括保险丝、继电器等保护装置。
在本申请一实施例中，请参阅图7，图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的结构示意图。如图7所示，上述保护模块15可以包括电池支路保护单元15a和主回路保护单元15b。
电池支路保护单元15a与电池支路11中的电池11a连接。主回路保护单元15b连接在电池支路11与主回路输出接口14之间。
其中，电池支路保护单元15a用于对每个电池支路进行保护，主回路保护单元15b用于对整个输出回路进行保护。
在具体应用中，上述主回路保护单元15b可以包括主回路正极保护器件15b1和主回路负极保护器件15b2。
其中，主回路正极保护器件15b1连接于正极支路接口12a与主回路输出接口14之间；主回路负极保护器件15b2连接于负极支路接口12b与主回路输出接口14之间。
示例性的，请参阅图8，图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电池箱的内部电路结构示意图。如图8所示，电池支路保护单元15a包括保险丝Fuse。
本申请实施例中，在每个电池支路中都设置保险丝，在过压、过流等情况下，保险丝熔断从而保护该电池支路中的电池，提高电池箱的安全性。
请继续参阅图8，在具体应用中，上述主回路正极保护器件15b1包括第一继电器K1；主回路负极保护器件15b2包括第二继电器K2。
本申请实施例中，通过设置两个主回路保护器件，能够提高单点失效情况下的安全性。
每一电池支路11都设置一电池支路保护单元15a，即每个电池支路11都设置一保险丝Fuse。
请继续参阅图8，在本申请一实施例中，上述保护模块15还可以包括预充单元15c，预充单元15c与主回路保护单元15b并联连接。
在具体应用中，上述预充单元15c可以与主回路正极保护器件15b1并联连接，也可以与主回路负极保护器件15b2并联连接，图8中仅以预充单元15c与主回路正极保护器件15b1并联连接进行示意。
在具体应用中，上述预充单元可以采用已有的预充电路来实现，本申请对此不加以赘述。
本申请实施例中，通过设置预充单元可以提高电池箱与车辆的整体适配性。
在本申请一实施例中，请参阅图9，图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的结构示意图。如图9所示，每一电池支路11还对应设置了电流感应模块11b，电流感应模块11b与负极支路接口连接，能够通过每个电池支路11中的电流感应模块11b检测每个电池支路的电流参数，从而确定每个电池支路11的电池情况。
在具体应用中，上述电流感应模块11b可以包括电流传感器。
在本申请一实施例中，请参阅图10，图10为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的结构示意图。如图10所示，本申请实施例提供的电池箱还包括通信接口16、调试诊断接口17。
上述通信接口16与高压配电模块13电连接，用于连接外部电池箱20。
在具体应用中，请参阅图11，图11为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池箱的应用场景示意图。如图11所示，上述通信接口16通过与外部电池箱20的通信接口23连接，能够获取外部电池箱20中电池的相关信息(如温度、电压等)，并传输至高压配电模块13，从而实现高压配电模块13对外部电池箱20中的电池的管理和监测。具体的，可以是通过高压配电模块13中的电池管理单元13c来实现对外部电池箱20中的电池的管理和监测。
在具体应用中，上述通信接口16可以是低压通信接口。
上述调试诊断接口17与电池支路11电连接。上述调试诊断接口17也可以是低压连接器，能够为电池提供调试接口，在需要对电池箱10中的电池11a进行调试的情况下，就可以利用调试诊断接口17连接调试设备，进行调试。
在本申请一实施例中，上述电池箱还包括进水口18和出水口19。
在具体应用中，上述进水口18和出水口19用于输送用于电池11a温度均衡过程中使 用的液体。
为了提高电池箱的整体结构的刚度，在本申请一实施例中，电池箱10包括箱体110。
上述电池11a放置在箱体110的两侧，电池箱10的电气元件放置在两侧电池11a之间。
在本申请实施例中，上述电气元件包括但不限于上述保险丝、上述第一继电器、上述第二继电器、上述电流传感器、上述电池管理单元、上述CSC采集单元、上述高压采样模块等。
示例性的，请参阅图12，图12是本申请一些实施例提供的电池箱的电池和电气元件的布局示意图。如图12所示，本示例一电池11a为电池模组为例，假设上述电池箱中包括4(4个电池支路)*8(每个电池支路有8个电池模组)个电池模组，即在放置电池模组时，可以将这32个电池模组均匀地分为4组，电池箱10的箱体110内的两侧各放置两组电池模组(每组电池模组包括8个电池模组)，上述保险丝、上述第一继电器、上述第二继电器、上述电流传感器、上述电池管理单元、上述CSC采集单元、上述高压采样模块放置在中间(即两侧电池模组之间)。
为了便于连接，在本申请一实施例中，上述主回路输出接口14设置于箱体110的上表面。支路接口12、通信接口16、调试诊断接口17、进水口18以及出水口19设置于箱体110的立面。
示例性的，请参阅图13，图13为本申请一些实施例提供的电池箱的各个接口的布局示意图。如图13所示，箱体110的上表面设置主回路输出接口14，箱体110的立面设置了正极支路接口12a(图11中以两个正极支路接口12a为例)、负极支路接口12b(图11中以两个负极支路接口12b为例)、通信接口16、调试诊断接口17、进水口18。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池系统，上述电池系统包括如上述任意一实施例所述的电池箱和与该电池箱连接的外部电池箱
本申请实施例还提供了一种汽车，上述汽车包括上述电池系统或者包括上述电池箱。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种电池箱，其特征在于，包括：
    多个电池支路，所述多个电池支路并联连接；所述多个电池支路中的每个电池支路包括电池；
    与所述电池支路对应设置的支路接口，所述支路接口与对应的所述电池支路电连接，用于连接外部电池箱；
    高压配电模块，与所述电池支路电连接，用于对所述电池支路进行配电管理和监测；
    主回路输出接口，分别与所述电池支路和所述高压配电模块电连接，用于连接车辆的供电接口。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池箱，其特征在于，不同电池支路包括数量相等的电池。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述支路接口包括：
    正极支路接口，与所述电池支路中电池的正极电连接，用于连接所述外部电池箱的正极接口；
    负极支路接口，与所述电池支路中电池的负极电连接，用于连接所述外部电池箱的负极接口。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述电池箱还包括：
    保护模块，与所述电池支路电连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述保护模块包括：
    电池支路保护单元，与所述电池支路的电池连接；
    主回路保护单元，连接在所述电池支路与所述主回路输出接口之间。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述主回路保护单元包括：
    主回路正极保护器件，连接于正极支路接口与所述主回路输出接口之间；
    主回路负极保护器件，连接于负极支路接口与所述主回路输出接口之间。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述电池支路保护单元包括保险丝。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述主回路正极保护器件包括第一继电器。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述主回路正极保护器件还包括第二继电器。
  10. 如权利要求5所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述保护模块还包括：
    预充单元，所述预充单元与所述主回路保护单元并联连接。
  11. 如权利要求3所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述电池支路还包括：
    电流感应模块，与所述负极支路接口连接。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述高压配电模块包括：
    第一采样单元，与所述电池支路电连接，用于采集所述电池的工作参数；
    第二采样单元，与所述主回路输出接口电连接，用于采集母线电压；
    电池管理单元，分别与所述第一采样单元和第二采样单元连接，用于配电管理和监测。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述主回路输出接口包括高压功率端子和低压端子。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述主回路输出接口包括快换电连接器。
  15. 如权利要求1至14任一项所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述电池箱还包括：
    通信接口，与所述高压配电模块电连接，用于连接所述外部电池箱。
  16. 如权利要求15所述电池箱，其特征在于，所述电池箱还包括：
    调试诊断接口，与所述电池支路电连接，用于连接测试装置。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述电池箱还包括进水口和出水口。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述电池箱包括箱体；
    所述电池放置在所述箱体内的两侧，所述电池箱的电气元件放置在两侧电池之间。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述主回路输出接口设置于所述箱体的上表面。
  20. 如权利要求18所述的电池箱，其特征在于，所述支路接口、通信接口、调试诊断接口、进水口以及出水口设置于所述箱体的立面。
  21. 一种电池系统，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至20任一项所述的电池箱，和与所述电池箱连接的外部电池箱。
  22. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至20任一项所述的电池箱或包括如权利要求21所述的电池系统。
PCT/CN2023/121180 2023-07-05 2023-09-25 电池箱、电池系统及车辆 Ceased WO2025007432A1 (zh)

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