WO2025005226A1 - 植物由来抽出液から植物由来可溶性タンパク質を除去する方法 - Google Patents
植物由来抽出液から植物由来可溶性タンパク質を除去する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
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- the present invention relates to a method for removing plant-derived soluble proteins from a plant-derived extract.
- the objective of the present invention is to provide a method for removing plant-derived soluble proteins present in large quantities from a plant-derived extract.
- the present inventors centrifuged crude extracts of wild-type Nicotiana benthamiana and N. benthamiana transfected with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, and separated them into a supernatant (S1) and a precipitate (P1). Furthermore, S1 was subjected to a freeze-thaw treatment, centrifuged, and separated into a supernatant (S2) and a precipitate (P2). The soluble proteins contained in S1 and S2 were then separated by SDS-PAGE, and the polyacrylamide gel was stained with Coomassie blue.
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- the inventors found that a short freezing treatment of about 10 minutes can remove a small amount of plant-derived soluble proteins, and a freezing treatment of 60 minutes can remove a sufficient amount of RuBisCO, that the present invention can be carried out even when GUS protein or human FGF1 is used as an exogenous protein, and that various plant-derived soluble proteins other than RuBisCO can be removed by freezing and thawing. From the above, it was revealed that freezing and thawing treatment insolubilizes plant-derived soluble proteins including RuBisCO, while not affecting the solubility of exogenous proteins such as GFP, GUS, or FGF1, and as a result, the two can be separated. In addition, the freezing time did not affect the above-mentioned effects. The inventors further studied based on these findings and completed the present invention.
- a method for removing plant-derived soluble proteins from a plant-derived extract comprising the steps of: (1) a step of insolubilizing plant-derived soluble proteins by freezing and thawing a plant-derived extract, and (2) a step of removing the insolubilized proteins from the extract.
- the method according to [1], wherein the plant-derived soluble protein comprises RuBisCO.
- the method according to [1] or [2], wherein the plant is a plant belonging to the Nicotiana genus.
- the method according to [3], wherein the Nicotiana plant is N. benthamiana.
- [5] The method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the plant expresses an exogenous soluble protein that is not insolubilized by freezing and thawing.
- [6] The method according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the freezing period is one day or more.
- the freezing temperature is ⁇ 20° C. or lower.
- [8] The method according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein removal of insolubilized proteins from the extract is carried out by centrifugation or filtration.
- Figure 1 shows a flow chart of the extraction process and the freeze-thaw process of N. benthamiana leaf samples.
- S1 indicates the supernatant obtained by centrifuging the unfrozen crude extract
- S2 indicates the supernatant obtained by centrifuging S1 after thawing after freezing for 1 or 7 days
- S3 indicates the supernatant obtained by centrifuging the crude extract after thawing after freezing for 1 day.
- M molecular weight marker
- RuBisCO L is RuBisCO large subunit
- RuBisCO S is RuBisCO small subunit
- S1 is unfrozen supernatant
- S3 is supernatant of crude extract frozen at -30°C for 10 or 60 min.
- TSP Total Soluble Proteins
- Figure 6 shows the effect of short-term freeze-thaw treatment on GFP function.
- Figure 9 shows the effect of freeze-thaw treatment on GUS ( ⁇ -glucuronidase) protein.
- Crude extracts from wild-type and three independent GUS-expressing leaves were frozen at -30°C for 60 min and then thawed.
- A Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and detected by Coomassie blue staining (top) or Western blot (middle). The results of GUS staining are also shown (bottom).
- B TSP concentration in the corresponding supernatant.
- FIG. 10 shows the effect of freeze-thaw treatment on human FGF1 protein. Crude extracts from wild-type and three independent FGF1-expressing leaves were frozen at -30°C for 1 day and then thawed. (A) Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and detected by Coomassie blue staining (top) or Western blot (bottom).
- Negative controls are "WT,” an extract obtained from uninfected plants, and "GFP," an extract obtained from leaves infected with Agrobacterium encoding GFP.
- the positive control was human collagen type II protein derived from human tissue (indicated as “human COL2 (1 ⁇ g)”). M indicates molecular weight marker.
- the present invention provides a method for removing plant-derived soluble proteins from a plant-derived extract (hereinafter, the removal method of the present invention).
- the removal method of the present invention includes a step of insolubilizing plant-derived soluble proteins by freezing and thawing the plant-derived extract (hereinafter, step (1)).
- the plant from which the plant-derived extract is extracted is not particularly limited, but is assumed to be a model plant for which cultivation techniques, breeding techniques or gene introduction techniques have been established, and examples of such plants include plants belonging to the genus Arabidopsis (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana), the genus Oryza (e.g., Oryza sativa), the genus Triticum (e.g., Triticum aestivum), the genus Brachypodium (e.g., Brachypodium distachyon) and the genus Nicotiana (e.g., N. benthamiana).
- the above-mentioned plants may be of the wild type or of a genetically modified type capable of expressing an exogenous soluble protein that is not insolubilized by the freezing and thawing in step (1).
- the exogenous soluble protein that is not insolubilized by freezing and thawing is not limited as long as it is a soluble protein and is not insolubilized by freezing and thawing in step (1) described below.
- a soluble protein refers to a protein that has many basic amino acid residues that are positively charged near a neutral pH, acidic amino acid residues that are negatively charged, or polar amino acid residues at the site that corresponds to the surface of the soluble protein, and is highly soluble in water because water molecules bind to the dissociable groups of the basic or acidic amino acid residues (ionic hydration) or hydrogen bonds are formed between polar groups (OH groups, etc.) and water molecules, thereby increasing the affinity with water molecules.
- a protein that is not insolubilized by freezing and thawing refers to a protein in which the higher-order structure of the soluble protein does not change and insolubilization due to aggregation does not occur due to freezing and thawing.
- exogenous soluble proteins include antibodies, cytokines (IFN- ⁇ , IFN- ⁇ , FGF, etc.), various enzymes, antigen proteins from viruses, bacteria, and cancers, extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen, cell signaling-related proteins, and high-value-added proteins such as albumin.
- a part of a viral protein as an antigen, it is possible to mass-produce antigens that are useful in developing vaccines and antibodies against viruses. Alternatively, it is also possible to mass-produce cancer antigens that are useful in developing anticancer drugs.
- Exogenous soluble proteins may be expressed either transiently or constitutively.
- Means for expressing an exogenous soluble protein in a plant include a method of introducing an expression vector containing DNA encoding the exogenous soluble protein into plant cells, and a method of introducing the protein using a viral vector having a nucleic acid sequence encoding the exogenous soluble protein. Any known method may be used as long as it allows the exogenous soluble protein to be expressed in the plant cells by culturing the plant cells.
- the introduction of an expression vector containing DNA encoding an exogenous soluble protein into a plant cell can be carried out by a method known per se, for example, in the form of an expression vector containing DNA encoding an exogenous soluble protein.
- the introduction of the expression vector can be carried out according to a known method (for example, the Agrobacterium method, the PEG method, the electroporation method, the particle gun method, the whisker direct introduction method, etc.) into an appropriate tissue (e.g., callus, root, leaf, seed, growing point, etc.) according to the type of plant.
- the Agrobacterium method is particularly preferred because it is easy to scale up.
- an expression vector containing DNA encoding an exogenous soluble protein into a plant cell can also be carried out by using a viral vector having a nucleic acid sequence encoding the exogenous soluble protein.
- the introduction of the viral vector can be carried out according to the viral vector method into the above-mentioned tissue according to the type of plant.
- a foreign soluble protein is constitutively expressed in a plant
- a part of tobacco tissue (e.g., tobacco leaf) or hypocotyl is cut off and infected with Agrobacterium, and the tissue or hypocotyl into which the expression vector has been introduced is cultured to select a genetically modified plant cell in which DNA encoding the foreign soluble protein has been introduced into the genome. Then, callus is induced from the cell, and roots are induced from the callus to obtain a genetically modified plant that stably expresses the foreign soluble protein.
- Agrobacterium may be infected into the callus.
- such Agrobacterium is one in which DNA encoding the foreign soluble protein has been introduced into the T-DNA fragment of an Agrobacterium expression vector.
- PEG method or electroporation method protoplasts are prepared from appropriate cells or tissues according to standard methods, and the expression vector is introduced into the protoplast.
- particle gun method an expression vector adsorbed to gold particles can be introduced into callus, immature embryos, shoot tips, axillary buds, or the like, using a particle gun.
- the plants into which genes are introduced often become chimeras, so it is necessary to use sample cells for gene introduction that will introduce the above DNA into germ line cells at a high frequency. Examples include embryos, hypocotyl segments, embryogenic callus, and isolated meristems.
- Plant cells or tissues into which an expression vector has been introduced can be cultured according to a known method depending on the type of plant cells or tissues.
- the medium used for culture is preferably a solid medium (e.g., agar medium, agarose medium, gellan gum medium, etc.).
- the medium also preferably contains a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic substances, etc. necessary for the growth of genetically modified cells.
- N6 medium, MS medium, MSR medium, LS medium, B5 medium, etc. are used as basal media.
- Plant growth substances e.g., auxins, cytokinins, etc.
- the pH of the medium is preferably about 5 to about 8.
- the culture temperature can be selected appropriately within the range of usually about 20°C to about 35°C depending on the type of plant cells.
- a person skilled in the art can select genetically modified plant cells by using a known method appropriate to the type of marker gene used. For example, when a drug resistance gene (e.g., a kanamycin resistance gene (nptII), a hygromycin resistance gene (hpt), or other drug resistance gene) is used, genetically modified plant cells can be selected by culturing in the presence of the corresponding drug.
- a drug resistance gene e.g., a kanamycin resistance gene (nptII), a hygromycin resistance gene (hpt), or other drug resistance gene
- Examples of methods for transiently expressing an exogenous soluble protein in a plant include immersing whole tobacco plants in a suspension of Agrobacterium, sealing them, and applying a reduced pressure (e.g., 0.09 MPa) (vacuum infiltration method), or infiltrating the Agrobacterium suspension into the intercellular spaces of leaves with a needleless syringe (syringe infiltration method). After treatment, tobacco tissue or whole tobacco plants are cultured for several days, making it possible to obtain plants that transiently express an exogenous soluble protein in the tobacco tissue infiltrated with Agrobacterium.
- a reduced pressure e.g. 0.09 MPa
- syringe infiltration method infiltrating the Agrobacterium suspension into the intercellular spaces of leaves with a needleless syringe
- the plant-derived extract may be obtained by a known method.
- the plant-derived extract refers to a suspension obtained by adding water or a buffer to a crushed plant tissue.
- a plant extract can be prepared by crushing all or a part of a plant (roots, leaves, stems, or flowers) and suspending it in water or a buffer (e.g., Tris-HCl buffer, phosphate buffer, HEPES buffer, etc.).
- the extract may further contain a surfactant (e.g., Triton X-100 TM , Tween 20 TM , etc.) or a proteolytic inhibitor.
- the plant-derived extract obtained as described above contains soluble substances such as endogenous and exogenous soluble proteins, as well as insoluble substances such as debris. Therefore, the removal method of the present invention may further include a step of removing insoluble substances from the plant-derived extract before step (1).
- the step of removing insoluble substances from the plant-derived extract is not particularly limited as long as it can remove the insoluble substances, but a preferred example is a step of removing insoluble substances from the plant-derived extract by centrifugation.
- the conditions for centrifugation are not particularly limited as long as the conditions are such that the insoluble substances precipitate, but examples include about 10,000 to about 30,000 x g, about 2 to about 20 minutes, and about 0 to about 4°C.
- Centrifugation is a simple and rapid method in that it has a good recovery rate of soluble substances, the centrifuge is a general-purpose device, the processing time is short, and the precipitate can be determined simply based on the molecular weight.
- Another step of removing insoluble substances from the plant-derived extract is a step of removing insoluble substances by filtering the plant-derived extract.
- the filtration membrane used for filtration is not particularly limited as long as it can filter insoluble substances, but examples include gauze, filter paper, etc.
- the pore size of the filtration membrane is not particularly limited as long as it can filter insoluble substances, but examples include 10 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m.
- the plant-derived extract is frozen.
- the freezing conditions are not particularly limited as long as the extract is frozen, and examples of the freezing conditions include, but are not limited to, a range of -30°C to -20°C.
- the freezing period is not limited as long as the plant-derived extract is frozen, and examples of the freezing period include, but are not limited to, a range of 10 minutes to 14 days.
- the extract may be frozen instantaneously using liquid nitrogen.
- the loss of biological activity may be avoided by shortening the freezing period.
- the freezing period of the plant-derived extract may be, but is not limited to, usually 10 minutes to 12 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 11 hours, 10 minutes to 10 hours, 10 minutes to 9 hours, 10 minutes to 8 hours, 10 minutes to 7 hours, 10 minutes to 6 hours, 10 minutes to 5 hours, 10 minutes to 4 hours, 10 minutes to 3 hours, 10 minutes to 2 hours, or 10 minutes to 1 hour.
- the frozen plant-derived extract is thawed.
- the thawing conditions are not particularly limited as long as the frozen extract is thawed.
- the thawing temperature can be, for example, 4°C.
- RuBisCO is the only enzyme involved in the carbon dioxide fixation reaction in the Calvin cycle in the photosynthetic reaction of plants, and catalyzes the reaction of fixing carbon dioxide to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.
- RuBisCO is the protein most abundant in plants, and is the protein that is most removed in the process of purifying proteins other than RuBisCO from plants.
- RuBisCO usually exists as a heterohexadecameric complex consisting of eight large subunits and eight small subunits, and exists as a soluble protein in the plant-derived extract. It is believed that the freezing and thawing treatment in step (1) changes the higher-order structure of the large subunits and small subunits of RuBisCO, or the heterohexadecameric complex composed of them, causing insolubilization.
- the plant expresses an exogenous soluble protein that is not insolubilized by freezing and thawing
- the exogenous soluble protein contained in the plant-derived extract is not insolubilized by the above-mentioned freezing and thawing, and the plant-derived soluble protein can be separated from the exogenous soluble protein.
- the separation method of the present invention includes a step of removing insoluble proteins from the frozen and thawed plant-derived extract (hereinafter, step (2)).
- the process for removing insoluble proteins from frozen and thawed plant-derived extracts is not particularly limited as long as it can remove insoluble proteins, but a preferred example is a process for removing insoluble proteins by centrifuging frozen and thawed plant-derived extracts.
- the conditions for centrifugation are not particularly limited as long as they are conditions under which insoluble proteins are precipitated, but examples include about 10,000 to about 30,000 ⁇ g, about 2 to about 20 minutes, and about 0 to about 4 ° C. By removing the resulting precipitate, it is possible to separate the insoluble proteins from the plant-derived extracts.
- Another process for removing insoluble proteins from frozen and thawed plant-derived extracts is a process for removing insoluble proteins by filtering frozen and thawed plant-derived extracts.
- the filter membrane used for filtration is not particularly limited as long as it can filter insoluble proteins, but examples include gauze, filter paper, and the like.
- the pore size of the filter membrane is not particularly limited as long as it can filter insoluble proteins, but examples include 10 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m. If the plant expresses an exogenous soluble protein that is not insolubilized by the freezing and thawing in step (1), it is possible to separate the insolubilized protein from the plant-derived extract and increase the proportion of the exogenous soluble protein in the soluble proteins contained in the plant-derived extract.
- the recovered Agrobacterium was suspended in approximately 5-10 ml of suspension buffer (10 mM MES-KOH (pH 5.7), 10 mM MgCl 2 , 150 ⁇ M acetosyringone (added immediately before use)) and further diluted with the same suspension buffer to an OD 600 of 0.5.
- the suspension was left to stand for about 2 hours, and then infiltrated into the underside of N. benthamiana leaves using a 1 mL syringe without a needle (syringe infiltration method). After roughly removing the suspension from the leaves, the leaves were left to stand for about 2 to 3 hours, and then grown in a chamber for 4 days (23°C, 16 hours light, 8 hours dark).
- Leaves (100 mg) of wild-type N. benthamiana and leaves (100 mg) of N. benthamiana transfected with the GFP gene as described above were each disrupted using a multi-beads shocker (1,700 rpm, 30 sec), and the disrupted material was suspended in 500 ⁇ l of pH 7.2 phosphate buffer (0.1% (v/v) Tween 20, 1% (v/v) protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich #P9599)) to obtain crude extracts of each plant body.
- the resulting crude extracts were centrifuged (23,000 ⁇ g, 10 min, 2°C) to obtain supernatants (S1) and precipitates (P1).
- the results of Western blot analysis allowed a relative comparison of the amounts of GFP contained in the GFP gene-introduced S1 to S3.
- the amount of GFP in S1 was set to 1, the amount of GFP remaining in S2 was more than 0.9 (Fig. 3A).
- the results of Coomassie blue staining allowed a relative comparison of the amounts of RuBisCO contained in the GFP gene-introduced S1 to S3.
- the amount of RuBisCO in S1 was set to 1, the amount in S2 was less than 0.1 (Fig. 3B).
- the freeze-thaw treatment can simply and quickly insolubilize plant-derived soluble proteins from crude plant extracts, which can be easily precipitated and removed by centrifugation.
- the freeze-thaw treatment can easily and dramatically improve the purification rate of the target soluble protein.
- the same results were obtained without the need to previously centrifuge the crude plant extract and remove the insoluble fraction before carrying out the freeze-thaw treatment.
- Example 2 Verification of the effect of freezing period on the separation of plant-derived soluble proteins and exogenous soluble proteins 1
- wild-type N. benthamiana leaves (100 mg) and GFP-transfected N. benthamiana leaves (100 mg) were ground using a multi-beads shocker (1,700 rpm, 30 sec), and the ground material was suspended in 500 ⁇ l of phosphate buffer (containing 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 and protease inhibitors) to obtain crude extracts of each plant.
- the crude extracts were immediately centrifuged (23,000 ⁇ g, 10 min, 2°C) to obtain supernatant S1 and precipitate P1.
- supernatant S1 was allowed to stand at -30°C (for 1 or 7 days), thawed in a refrigerator (4°C), and centrifuged (23,000 ⁇ g, 10 min, 2°C) to obtain supernatant S2 (frozen for 1 day), supernatant S2 (frozen for 7 days), and precipitate P2 (frozen for 1 day) and precipitate P2 (frozen for 7 days).
- freezing treatment can insolubilize proteins, including RuBisCO, from crude plant extracts, allowing them to be easily removed by centrifugation, etc. It was also shown that when an exogenous soluble protein is expressed, freezing treatment can easily and dramatically improve the purification rate of the target soluble protein.
- Example 3 Verification of the effect of freezing period on the separation of plant-derived soluble proteins and exogenous soluble proteins 2
- the same experiment as in Example 2 was carried out, except that the crude extract was frozen for 10 or 60 minutes, to evaluate the effect of short-term freezing.
- the results are shown in Figure 5.
- Example 4 Verification of the effect of freezing temperature on the separation effect between plant-derived soluble proteins and exogenous soluble proteins The same experiment as in Example 3 was carried out except that the crude extract was frozen for 1 day at a freezing temperature of -20°C, and the effect of using a freezing temperature of -20°C was evaluated. The results are shown in Figures 7 and 8.
- Example 5 Examination of the effect of freeze-thaw treatment on proteins other than GFP 1 (GUS) The effect of freeze-thaw treatment on transiently expressed GUS ( ⁇ -glucuronidase) was evaluated. Crude extracts from GUS-expressing leaves were frozen at -30°C for 60 min and thawed at 4°C. Western blot analysis confirmed GUS expression in all samples from S1 and S3, and GUS activity was detected in the supernatant (Fig. 9(a)). TSP was sufficiently reduced even after 60 min of freezing (Fig. 9(b)). This suggests that RuBisCO can be removed by a shorter freezing time without inactivating freeze-sensitive proteins.
- GUS GFP 1
- Example 6 Examination of the effect of freeze-thaw treatment on proteins other than GFP 2 (human FGF1) The effect of freeze-thaw treatment on transiently expressed human FGF1 was evaluated. Crude extracts from FGF1-expressing leaves were frozen at -30°C for 1 day and thawed at 4°C. FGF1 was detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis ( Figure 10(A)). ELISA analysis showed little change in the amount of FGF1 after freeze-thaw treatment ( Figure 10(B)).
- Example 7 Examination of the effect of freeze-thaw treatment on proteins other than GFP 3 (Human Collagen II) The effect of freeze-thaw treatment on transiently expressed human Collagen II was evaluated. Crude extracts from leaves expressing human Collagen II were detected by Western blot analysis ( Figure 11). As a result, a band specific to human Collagen II was detected.
- the separation and purification of exogenous soluble proteins expressed in plants required multiple reagents and multiple steps, but according to the present invention, by undergoing a freeze-thaw process, it is possible to remove plant-derived soluble proteins, including RuBisCO, a dominant protein in plants, by insolubilizing them, and it is possible to increase the proportion of exogenous soluble proteins upstream in the process of purifying them. As a result, it is possible to shorten the purification process of exogenous soluble proteins, and the present invention may be useful in the bioindustry field.
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Abstract
Description
加えて、発明者らは、10分間程度の短時間の凍結処理でも植物由来可溶性タンパク質を若干ながら除去可能であり、60分間の凍結処理であれば十分な量のRuBisCOの除去が可能となること、外来性タンパク質としてGUSタンパク質やヒトFGF1を用いた場合でも本発明を実施できること、RuBisCO以外にも多種の植物由来可溶性タンパク質が凍結融解処理により除去できることを見出した。以上より、凍結融解処理は、RuBisCOを含む植物由来可溶性タンパク質を不溶化させ、一方でGFP、GUS、又はFGF1等の外来性タンパク質の可溶性には影響を与えず、結果として両者を分離可能であることが明らかになった。また、凍結時間は上記の効果に影響を与えなかった。本発明者らは、これらの知見に基づいてさらに研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。
[1]以下の工程を含む、植物由来抽出液から植物由来可溶性タンパク質を除去する方法:
(1)植物由来抽出液を凍結および融解することによって植物由来可溶性タンパク質を不溶化させる工程、および
(2)該抽出液から不溶化タンパク質を除去する工程。
[2]植物由来可溶性タンパク質がRuBisCOを含む、[1]に記載の方法。
[3]植物がタバコ属に属する植物である、[1]または[2]に記載の方法。
[4]タバコ属植物がN. benthamianaである、[3]に記載の方法。
[5]植物が凍結および融解によって不溶化しない外来性の可溶性タンパク質を発現している、[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[6]凍結期間が1日以上である、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[7]凍結温度が-20℃以下である、[1]~[6]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[8]抽出液から不溶化タンパク質の除去が遠心分離または濾過によって行われる、[1]~[7]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[9]工程(1)の前に、植物由来抽出液から不溶性物質を除去する工程をさらに含む、[1]~[8]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[10]植物由来抽出液から不溶性物質の除去が遠心分離または濾過によって行われる、[9]に記載の方法。
一態様において、外来性の可溶性タンパク質が凍結によりその生物学的活性を一部または全部喪失する場合は、凍結期間を短くすることで生物学的活性の喪失を回避できる場合がある。かかる特性を有する外来性の可溶性タンパク質を用いる場合の植物由来抽出液の凍結期間は、通常10分間~12時間、好ましくは10分間~11時間、10分間~10時間、10分間~9時間、10分間~8時間、10分間~7時間、10分間~6時間、10分間~5時間、10分間~4時間、10分間~3時間、10分間~2時間または10分間~1時間とすることができるが、これに限定されない。
凍結融解処理による植物由来可溶性タンパク質と外来性可溶性タンパク質の分離効果の検証
GFPを発現する植物発現用ベクター(GFP_pBE2113)を導入したアグロバクテリウムを、YEP培地(カナマイシン(50 μg/mL)、ストレプトマイシン(300 μg/mL)、リファンピシン(100 μg/mL)を含む)3 ml中で28℃、一晩、220 rpmで振盪培養した。培養液を5,000×g、10分、室温23℃で遠心することでアグロバクテリウムを回収した。回収したアグロバクテリウムを懸濁用バッファー(10 mM MES-KOH(pH 5.7)、10 mM MgCl2、150 μM アセトシリンゴン(使用直前に加える))5~10 mL程度に懸濁し、さらにOD600=0.5となるように同懸濁用バッファーで希釈した。懸濁液を2時間ほど静置し、針無し1 mLシリンジによってN. benthamianaの葉の裏側から浸潤させた(シリンジインフィルトレーション法)。おおまかに懸濁液を葉から除いた後、2~3時間程度静置し、チャンバー内で4日間育成(23℃、16時間明期、8時間暗期)した。
植物由来可溶性タンパク質と外来性可溶性タンパク質の分離効果に与える凍結期間の検証1
実施例1と同様に、野生型N. benthamianaの葉(100 mg)およびGFP遺伝子を導入したN. benthamianaより得られた葉(100 mg)をそれぞれ、マルチビーズショッカーにより磨砕(1,700 rpm, 30 sec)し、破砕物を500 μlのリン酸緩衝液(0.1% (v/v) Tween 20, プロテアーゼ阻害剤入り)に懸濁し、それぞれの植物体の粗抽出物とした。得られた粗抽出物を間を置かず遠心分離(23,000×g, 10 min, 2℃)し、上清S1および沈殿P1を得た。また、上清S1を-30℃で静置(1また7日間)し、冷蔵庫内(4℃)で融解させ、遠心分離(23,000×g, 10 min, 2℃)し、上清S2(凍結1日)、上清S2(凍結7日)および沈殿P2(凍結1日)、沈殿P2(凍結7日)を得た。
植物由来可溶性タンパク質と外来性可溶性タンパク質の分離効果に与える凍結期間の検証2
粗抽出物の凍結期間を10分間または60分間とする以外は実施例2と同様の実験を行い、短時間凍結の効果を評価した。結果を図5に示す。
植物由来可溶性タンパク質と外来性可溶性タンパク質の分離効果に与える凍結温度の検証
粗抽出物の凍結期間を1日、凍結温度を-20℃とする以外は実施例3と同様の実験を行い、凍結温度として-20℃を採用した場合の効果を評価した。結果を図7および図8に示す。
GFP以外のタンパク質に対する凍結融解処理の影響の検討1(GUS)
一過性に発現させたGUS(β-glucuronidase)に対する凍結融解処理の影響を評価した。GUS発現葉の粗抽出物を-30℃で60分間凍結し、4℃で解凍した。ウェスタンブロット分析の結果、S1とS3の全サンプルでGUSの発現が認められ、また、上清にGUS活性が検出された(図9(a))。凍結60分間であってもTSPは十分に減少した(図9(b))。これは、より短い凍結時間で、凍結感受性タンパク質を不活性化することなくRuBisCOを除去できることを示唆する。
GFP以外のタンパク質に対する凍結融解処理の影響の検討2(ヒトFGF1)
一過性に発現させたヒトFGF1に対する凍結融解処理の影響を評価した。FGF1発現葉の粗抽出物を-30℃で1日間凍結し、4℃で解凍した。FGF1はSDS-PAGEとウェスタンブロット分析で検出した(図10(A))。ELISA分析では、凍結融解処理後のFGF1量にはほとんど変化が見られなかった(図10(B))。
GFP以外のタンパク質に対する凍結融解処理の影響の検討3(ヒトCollagen II)
一過性に発現させたヒトCollagen IIに対する凍結融解処理の影響を評価した。ヒトCollagen II発現葉の粗抽出物をウェスタンブロット分析で検出した(図11)。その結果、ヒトCollagen II特異的なバンドが検出された。
プロテオーム解析
凍結融解処理の影響を調べるため、野生型植物の凍結融解前後の上清のプロテオーム解析を行った。その結果、試験上清中に695個のタンパク質が同定された。3つのタンパク質の平均存在比は1以上であり、692のタンパク質の存在比は1未満であった。表1に、凍結融解後に量が減少した上位20位までのタンパク質を示す。表1に示すように、凍結融解処理後の上清液中の多くの内在性タンパク質量は、未凍結の上清液に比べて減少していた。特に、リボソームタンパク質は凍結融解処理後の上清液から効果的に除去された。尚、表中、Abundance Ratioは(abundance after freeze-thaw treatment)/(abundance before freeze-thaw treatment)を意味する。
Claims (10)
- 以下の工程を含む、植物由来抽出液から植物由来可溶性タンパク質を除去する方法:
(1)植物由来抽出液を凍結および融解することによって植物由来可溶性タンパク質を不溶化させる工程、および
(2)該抽出液から不溶化タンパク質を除去する工程。 - 植物由来可溶性タンパク質がRuBisCOを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 植物がタバコ属に属する植物である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- タバコ属植物がNicotiana benthamianaである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 植物が凍結および融解によって不溶化しない外来性の可溶性タンパク質を発現している、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 凍結期間が1日以上である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 凍結温度が-20℃以下である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 抽出液から不溶化タンパク質の除去が遠心分離または濾過によって行われる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 工程(1)の前に、植物由来抽出液から不溶性物質を除去する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 植物由来抽出液から不溶性物質の除去が遠心分離または濾過によって行われる、請求項9に記載の方法。
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| JP2016511004A (ja) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-04-14 | アール・ジエイ・レイノルズ・タバコ・カンパニー | タンパク質濃縮タバコ由来組成物 |
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| JP2023106995A (ja) | 2022-01-21 | 2023-08-02 | オムロン株式会社 | シール貼り付けシステム、シール貼り付けシステムにより実行される方法、およびシール貼り付けシステムにより実行されるプログラム |
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