WO2025003400A1 - Haptikvorrichtung - Google Patents
Haptikvorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2025003400A1 WO2025003400A1 PCT/EP2024/068247 EP2024068247W WO2025003400A1 WO 2025003400 A1 WO2025003400 A1 WO 2025003400A1 EP 2024068247 W EP2024068247 W EP 2024068247W WO 2025003400 A1 WO2025003400 A1 WO 2025003400A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- haptic device
- main surface
- region
- piezoelectric actuator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
Definitions
- a haptic device is specified.
- Such a device has an actuator that generates and/or detects a movement of a movable element.
- the movable element is designed, for example, as a touch-sensitive surface or tip of a pen-like device.
- the actuator is, for example, a piezoelectric actuator, in particular a piezoceramic actuator.
- the haptic device can be designed, for example, to generate haptic feedback, also referred to as haptic feedback, when touched.
- the haptic device can be used, for example, in a touchscreen, trackpad, push button or stylus (pen-like device).
- the haptic device can be used in the automotive sector.
- a reinforcing element for stroke amplification is attached to a piezoelectric actuator.
- the reinforcing element is designed, for example, in the form of a metal sheet.
- such devices can also work as sensors, for example by using the inverse piezoelectric effect, in which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
- piezoelectric sensors are "dynamic" sensors, which means they can only measure mechanical changes, but not a static mechanical force .
- piezoelectric sensor would output a very different electrical signal depending on whether the force of 3 N was reached in, for example, 10 ms or about 10 s . Due to this dynamic sensor characteristic, piezoelectric sensors can typically only be used in simple applications for non-critical functions, such as in doorbells, vending machines or consumer goods.
- haptic feedback is particularly desired in the automotive sector, for example from a safety perspective, and in other demanding user interfaces, where tactile feedback is essential for an improved user experience. Haptic feedback is therefore particularly in demand where a reliable and precise force input sensor is also required, which is usually provided by a separate additional sensor. which results in increased space and cost requirements.
- At least one task of certain embodiments is to provide a haptic device.
- a haptic device is specified.
- the haptic device can be designed to detect a haptic input.
- the haptic device can also be designed to output haptic feedback.
- the haptic device can, for example, be set up so that a haptic signal from a user can be received by the haptic device.
- the haptic device can be set up so that a haptic signal can be output to a user.
- the haptic device can thus be designed to generate haptic feedback.
- the haptic device can therefore be set up to provide a user with tangible feedback for certain actions or inputs.
- the piezoelectric actuator can have at least one or a plurality of internal electrodes.
- the base body of the piezoelectric actuator can be constructed in a multilayer design with a plurality of piezoelectric layers arranged one on top of the other along a stacking direction and the internal electrodes.
- the piezoelectric actuator can have a longitudinal direction which can be perpendicular to the stacking direction.
- the longitudinal direction can correspond to a direction with the largest extension of the base body.
- a piezoelectric actuator for detecting and/or generating a haptic signal offers significant advantages.
- a piezoelectric actuator has a short response and decay time. Accordingly, the time and period in which the haptic signal is detected or generated can be determined very precisely.
- the amplitude, frequency and duration with which the piezoelectric actuator vibrates can be determined by varying the control signal applied to the piezoelectric actuator, for example in relation to the frequency, the electrical voltage, the pulse sequence and the signal type. Different control signals can make it possible to generate different haptic signals.
- the haptic device has at least one first mechanical reinforcement element, which is referred to below as the first reinforcement element.
- the first reinforcement element is attached to the piezoelectric actuator.
- the first reinforcement element can be attached to the piezoelectric actuator in such a way that the change in the expansion of the piezoelectric actuator in at least one direction deforms the first reinforcement element and thus at least areas of the first reinforcing element are moved.
- the first reinforcing element can be attached to the piezoelectric actuator in such a way that a change in the length of the piezoelectric actuator and in particular of the base body at least along its longitudinal direction causes a region of the first reinforcing element to be moved in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
- a direction is also possible which encloses an angle with the longitudinal direction which is greater than 0° and less than 90°. In other words, a region of the first reinforcing element can be moved in a direction oblique to the longitudinal direction.
- the base body can have a first main surface and a second main surface opposite the first main surface.
- the first main surface and the second main surface can lie opposite one another along the stacking direction and thus particularly preferably each have a main extension direction along the longitudinal direction described above.
- the first reinforcing element is applied and fastened to the first main surface of the base body and thus to the first main surface of the piezoelectric actuator.
- the haptic device has at least one second mechanical reinforcement element, which is referred to below as the second reinforcement element.
- the second reinforcement element is attached to the piezoelectric actuator.
- the second reinforcement element can be attached to the piezoelectric actuator in such a way that the second reinforcement element is changed by changing the extension of the piezoelectric actuator in at least one direction. Reinforcing element is deformed and thus at least regions of the second reinforcing element are moved.
- the second reinforcing element can be fastened to the piezoelectric actuator in such a way that a change in the length of the piezoelectric actuator along its longitudinal direction moves a region of the second reinforcing element in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
- the second reinforcing element can be applied and fastened to the second main surface of the base body and thus to the second main surface of the piezoelectric actuator. Accordingly, the piezoelectric actuator can be arranged between the first reinforcing element and the second reinforcing element along a direction perpendicular to the main surfaces and thus along the stacking direction of the base body.
- the haptic device has a first capacitive element.
- the first capacitive element has in particular a first electrode and a second electrode and is designed as a capacitive sensor. This means that the first capacitive element is designed to have a variable capacitance depending on a distance between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the first reinforcement element forms the first electrode of the first capacitive element.
- the second electrode of the first capacitive element is arranged on a main surface of the base body or within the base body. Particularly preferably, the second electrode of the first capacitive element is arranged on the first main surface of the base body or under the first main surface and thus within the base body. Furthermore, the second electrode of the first capacitive element can also be arranged on the second main surface of the base body.
- the distance between the first electrode, i.e. the first reinforcement element, and the second electrode is particularly preferably dependent on a force acting on the first electrode, i.e. the first reinforcement element, so that by detecting the capacitance of the first capacitive element, a force acting on the first reinforcement element can be deduced.
- the first capacitive element can thus be designed as a force sensor.
- the haptic device has a second capacitive element.
- the second capacitive element has in particular a first electrode and a second electrode and is designed as a capacitive sensor. This means that the second capacitive element is designed to have a variable capacitance depending on a distance between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the second reinforcement element forms the first electrode of the second capacitive element.
- the second electrode of the second capacitive element is arranged on a main surface of the base body or within the base body. Particularly preferably, the second electrode of the second capacitive element is arranged on the second main surface of the base body or under the second main surface and thus within the base body. Furthermore, the second electrode of the second capacitive element can also be arranged on the first main surface of the base body.
- the first capacitive element has a first electrical contact element with which the first electrode of the first capacitive element can be electrically contacted from the outside. Furthermore, the first capacitive element has a second electrical contact element with which the second electrode of the first capacitive element can be electrically contacted from the outside. If a second capacitive element is present, this accordingly has a first and second electrical contact element for electrically contacting the first and second electrode of the second capacitive element.
- the following description is limited to the first capacitive element and the first reinforcement element, but applies accordingly to the second capacitive element and the second reinforcement element if present in the haptic device.
- the features and properties described above and below for the first reinforcement element can therefore apply accordingly to the second reinforcement element if present in the haptic device.
- the first reinforcement element and, if present, the second reinforcement element are particularly preferably designed in the same way and can therefore have the same features and properties.
- the features and properties described above and below for the first capacitive element can therefore apply accordingly to the second capacitive element if present in the haptic device.
- the features and properties described above and below for the first capacitive element can therefore also apply accordingly to the first and second electrodes of the first capacitive element.
- Features and characteristics apply to the first and second electrodes of the second capacitive element. The same applies to all other components described in connection with the first capacitive element.
- the first capacitive element and, if present, the second capacitive element are designed identically and can thus have the same features and properties, so that when a force is applied to the haptic device, at least essentially identical capacitive signals can be detected at the two capacitive elements.
- This can, for example, achieve redundancy.
- the first capacitive element and the second capacitive element can be designed differently and, for example, have different capacitances dependent on a distance between the respective first and second electrodes, so that when a force is applied to the haptic device, different capacitive signals can be detected at the two capacitive elements.
- the haptic device described here goes beyond a purely haptic piezoelectric component in that at least the first capacitive element is integrated into the haptic device.
- the integration of the first capacitive element takes place in particular in that the first reinforcement element has a dual function, namely a mechanical function in interaction with the piezoelectric actuator and an electrical function in connection with the first capacitive element.
- the first reinforcing element may comprise or consist of metal, for example steel and/or titanium.
- the first reinforcing element can be plate-shaped.
- the first reinforcing element can be flat, i.e. as a flat plate, which is fastened to the piezoelectric actuator with at least one edge region or even over its entire surface.
- the first reinforcing element can also be a metal bracket, which is fastened, for example, with at least one or preferably two edge regions to one or two end regions along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric actuator and has a central region adjacent to one edge region or between the two edge regions, which is spaced from the piezoelectric actuator and is referred to below as the touch region.
- the first reinforcing element can be a circular, curved disk, for example based on the shape of a truncated cone or in the manner of a cymbal or a cymbal, which has an edge region which preferably runs around the touch region which is spaced from the piezoelectric actuator and which is fastened to the base body.
- the first reinforcing element can be attached to the piezoelectric actuator, for example, by means of an adhesive bond. If the first reinforcing element is made of or with titanium, this can have the advantage that its thermal expansion coefficient is very similar to the thermal expansion coefficient of the piezoelectric actuator, so that there are only slight or no mechanical stresses when the temperature changes, so that the adhesive bond is not or only slightly mechanically stressed when the temperature changes.
- a dielectric material can be arranged between the sensing region of the first reinforcing element and the first main surface.
- the dielectric material by means of which, for example, an adjustment of the capacitance of the first capacitive element and/or electrical insulation between the first and second electrodes can be achieved, can for example comprise one or more materials selected from: air, plastic film, plastic foam.
- the dielectric material can, for example, be used to attach the first reinforcing element to the first main surface.
- the dielectric material can enable an adhesive connection and, for example, comprise an adhesive or be an adhesive that is arranged partially or over the entire surface between the first reinforcing element and the first main surface.
- the first reinforcing element can convert a change in expansion and particularly preferably a change in length of the piezoelectric actuator into a change in expansion and/or a lifting movement that is perpendicular or oblique to the change in expansion and preferably the change in length.
- a mechanically induced change in expansion and/or lifting movement for example by a user, can be converted into a change in expansion and particularly preferably a change in length of the piezoelectric actuator that is perpendicular or oblique to it, wherein the direction of the lifting movement in the case of a piezoelectric actuator with a multi-layer construction can preferably correspond to the stacking direction.
- the lifting movement can have a significantly greater amplitude than the change in length.
- the amplitude of the lifting movement can be 5 to 40 times the amplitude of the change in length.
- the first reinforcing element can be free of notches and have a constant wall thickness. By omitting notches in the first reinforcing element, simple manufacture of the first reinforcing element can be enabled. Furthermore, the first reinforcing element can have at least one notch which reduces mechanical resistance to deformation of the first reinforcing element. In particular, in the case of a reinforcing element with a thickness at which deformation of the reinforcing element would require a lot of force, the use of notches in the reinforcing element can be useful, since the notches can facilitate the deformation of the reinforcing element.
- the touch area of the first reinforcement element can have at least one raised area on a bottom side facing the first main surface, which extends towards the first main surface. This can reduce a distance between the first electrode of the first capacitive element, formed by the first reinforcement element, and the second electrode of the first capacitive element, whereby the capacitive signal of the first capacitive element can be improved.
- the at least one raised area can be formed by an embossed structure introduced from a top side facing away from the first main surface.
- the at least one raised area on the bottom side can correspond to a recessed area on the top side of the touch area, which is formed by a Embossing has been introduced from the top of the touch area.
- the at least one raised area can be formed by a thickening of the touch area, in particular a thickening that extends to the first main surface.
- the first electrical contact element of the first capacitive element has a first connection region which is electrically conductively connected to the first electrode of the first capacitive element, i.e. the first reinforcement element.
- the first connection region can particularly preferably be arranged on the first main surface.
- the first electrical contact element can be formed entirely or partially by an electrically conductive coating on the first main surface.
- the first reinforcing element can be connected to the first connection region of the first electrical contact element, for example via a flexible electrically conductive connecting element, for example an electrically conductive adhesive tape.
- the first electrical contact element can have a fastening region on the first main surface.
- the fastening region is in particular provided and designed so that the first reinforcing element is at least partially arranged and mounted on the first fastening region.
- an edge region of the first reinforcing element can be at least partially electrically conductively fastened to the fastening region of the first electrical contact element.
- the entire edge region or only a part of the edge region of the first reinforcement element can be arranged and fastened on the fastening region of the first electrical contact element.
- the fastening region and the first connection region can be directly adjacent to one another or merge into one another or are connected to one another by means of a conductor track on the main surface or via a conductor track integrated into the base body together with at least one electrical via.
- an edge region or at least part of an edge region of the first reinforcing element can be glued to the fastening region by means of an adhesive which forms the adhesive connection described above.
- the adhesive can be an electrically conductive adhesive, also referred to as a conductive adhesive, for example an adhesive material such as a curable polymer which is filled with electrically conductive particles.
- the adhesive can be an electrically insulating adhesive which is formed in a layer which is sufficiently thin to nevertheless create an electrically conductive contact between the edge region and the fastening region. For this purpose, a thickness of less than or equal to 20 pm can be suitable for the adhesive layer.
- an edge region of the first reinforcing element can be fastened exclusively to the fastening region.
- the region of the first main surface covered by the edge region can be provided with the fastening region.
- the edge region can be partially fastened to the fastening region and partially to the first main surface.
- the fastening region is not provided in the entire region of the first main surface, but the adhesive is arranged not only between a part of the edge region and the fastening region, but also between another part of the edge region and a region of the first main surface not covered by the fastening region.
- the fastening region can run in a serpentine or meandering manner on the first main surface, so that the edge region also covers regions that are free of the material of the fastening region.
- the second electrode is formed by an electrode layer on the first main surface of the base body.
- the electrode layer is arranged only below the touch area.
- the second electrode can be applied directly to the first main surface and thus directly to the base body of the piezoelectric actuator.
- the electrode layer forming the second electrode can also be applied on a step and thus on a raised area that is formed on the base body.
- the raised area can be formed in the first main surface and thus be formed by a material of the base body.
- the raised area can also have or consist of an intermediate layer, for example with or made of a plastic material. Due to the raised area, the second electrode can be arranged closer to the touch area of the first amplification element and thus closer to the first electrode, which can lead to an amplification of a capacitive signal of the first capacitive element.
- a piezoelectric sensor alone cannot be used as a button that triggers at a precisely defined force, for example 3 N, which is a typical requirement for buttons in the automotive sector.
- the haptic device described here with at least the first capacitive element has an integrated force sensor, which further uses at least the first reinforcement element with its mechanical functionality designed in relation to the piezoelectric actuator in addition to an electrical functionality.
- the haptic device described here therefore has a simple and robust design compared to conventional user interfaces with combinations of piezoelectric actuators and separate force sensors, which allows can continue to save space and costs.
- Haptic device according to further embodiments.
- identical, similar or similarly acting elements can each be provided with the same reference symbols.
- the elements shown and their relative sizes to one another are not to be regarded as being to scale; rather, individual elements, such as layers, components, structural elements and areas, can be shown exaggeratedly large for better representation and/or better understanding.
- Figures 1A and 1B show an exemplary embodiment of a piezoelectric actuator 1 with reinforcing elements 13a, 13b in a perspective view and a sectional view, which can be used in a haptic device described below.
- the piezoelectric actuator 1 shown in Figures 1A and 1B and the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b are to be understood purely as examples in order to explain the functional principle and interaction of the piezoelectric actuator 1 with the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b. Deviations from the exemplary embodiment shown, for example with regard to geometric configurations, are not excluded by the following description.
- the piezoelectric actuator 1 has a base body 11.
- the base body 11 has a stack of internal electrodes 21 and piezoelectric layers 22 stacked alternately one above the other in a stacking direction S. Even if a plurality of internal electrodes 21 is shown, the base body 11 can also have, for example, only one or two or a different number of internal electrodes 21. Furthermore, the base body 11 can also be free of internal electrodes, so that the base body 11 can be designed as a monolithic disk or plate that is free of internal electrodes. In this case, electrical contact is made exclusively via external electrodes.
- the first reinforcing element 13a is arranged on a first main surface 11a of the base body 11 and thus of the piezoelectric actuator 1, which forms an upper side 25 of the base body 11, and the second reinforcing element 13b is arranged on a second main surface 11b of the base body 11 and thus of the piezoelectric actuator 1, which is opposite the first main surface 11a along the stacking direction S and forms an underside 26 of the base body 11.
- the first reinforcing element 13a is arranged on a first main surface 11a of the base body 11 and thus of the piezoelectric actuator 1, which forms an upper side 25 of the base body 11
- the second reinforcing element 13b is arranged on a second main surface 11b of the base body 11 and thus of the piezoelectric actuator 1, which is opposite the first main surface 11a along the stacking direction S and forms an underside 26 of the base body 11.
- the piezoelectric layers 22 can be, for example, lead zirconate titanate ceramics (PZT- Ceramics).
- the PZT ceramic may also contain Nd and Ni.
- the PZT ceramic may further contain Nd, K and optionally Cu.
- the piezoelectric layers 22 may comprise a
- the internal electrodes 21 preferably comprise copper or particularly preferably consist of copper.
- the base body 11 and thus the piezoelectric actuator 1 can preferably be cuboid-shaped, as shown.
- the base area is a surface whose surface normal points in the stacking direction S.
- the base area is, for example, rectangular.
- the longer side of the base area defines the length L of the piezoelectric actuator 11 and the shorter side of the base area defines the width B of the piezoelectric actuator 11.
- the base body 11 and thus the piezoelectric actuator 1 can, for example, have a length L of greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm and a width B of greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 8 mm.
- the extent of the base body 11 and thus of the piezoelectric actuator 1 in the stacking direction S defines the height H.
- the height H of the piezoelectric actuator 11 can, for example, be greater than or equal to 200 pm and less than or equal to 3 mm.
- the base body 11 has two insulation regions 12. Each of the insulation regions 12 forms an end region of the base body 11 in the region of the end faces 24. In the insulation regions 12, only internal electrodes 21 of one polarity reach the respective end face 24 of the base body 11, so that the insulation regions are preferably used for contacting the piezoelectric actuator 1.
- the piezoelectric actuator 1 is designed such that when an electrical voltage is applied to the outer electrodes 23 and thus to the inner electrodes 21, a deformation of the base body 11 takes place, in particular in the multilayer construction shown with inner electrodes a change in length in the longitudinal direction RI indicated in Figure 1B.
- the piezoelectric layers 22 are thus polarized in such a way that the application of an electrical voltage between the inner electrodes 21 leads to a contraction of the base body 11, in which the length L of the base body 11 changes perpendicular to the stacking direction S. Consequently, an expansion of the base body 11 and thus of the piezoelectric actuator 1 takes place transversely to the polarization direction and to the electric field, which is also referred to as the d31 effect.
- Other configurations with or without inner electrodes in the base body 11 can also achieve other expansion changes.
- the following description refers, without being intended to be limiting, to the multi-layer design shown with the described change in length.
- the two reinforcing elements 13a, 13b are present. If a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric actuator 1, the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b deform at least partially as a result of the change in the expansion of the base body 11.
- the first and second reinforcing elements 13a, 13b are dimensioned and connected to the base body 11 of the piezoelectric actuator 1 connected in such a way that one touch area 17a, 17b of the
- Reinforcing elements 13a, 13b as a result of a change in the length L of the base body 11, carry out a lifting movement in the lifting direction R2 indicated in Figure 1B, corresponding to the stacking direction S, wherein the amplitude of the lifting movement can preferably be greater than the amplitude of the change in the length L of the piezoelectric actuator 1.
- the piezoelectric actuator 1 is preferably arranged between the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b.
- Each of the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b is preferably one-piece and, in the embodiment shown, is strip-shaped with a rectangular basic shape. Furthermore, each of the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b is curved or bent and is bow-shaped. Alternatively, a flat design of the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b is also possible.
- the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b each have a sheet metal strip or are made from it, in particular with or made of steel and/or titanium.
- each reinforcing element 13a, 13b is divided into several regions or sections.
- each reinforcing element 13a, 13b has a central region, which is the previously mentioned touch region 17a, 17b.
- the touch regions 17a, 17b are connected to respective edge regions 18a, 18b via connecting regions 20a, 20b.
- the two edge regions 18a, 18b of each of the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b lie on one of the main surfaces 11a, 11b of the base body 11.
- the first and the second edge region 18a of the first reinforcing element 13a lie on a partial region of the first main surface 11a on the upper side 25 of the base body 11 and thus of the piezoelectric actuator 1.
- the edge regions 18a, 18b are preferably permanently connected to the respective main surface 11a, 11b.
- the edge regions 18a, 18b are connected to the respective main surface 11a, 11b by an adhesive connection 15.
- the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b can be attached to the base body 11 over their entire surface here and in the embodiments described below, for example by means of an adhesive applied over the entire surface, which can simultaneously act as the dielectric described further below.
- the touch areas 17a, 17b are spaced apart from the respective main surface 11a, 11b.
- the free areas 16 have a height h which is, for example, greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 5.0 mm when no voltage is applied to the piezoelectric actuator 1 and no external force acts on the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b.
- the touch areas 17a, 17b are designed so that they run essentially parallel to the main surfaces 11a, 11b.
- the connecting areas 20a, 20b run obliquely to the main surfaces 11a, 11b.
- each of the connecting areas 20a, 20b forms an angle with the main surfaces 11a, 11b.
- the Angle is preferably less than or equal to 45°.
- the height h of the free area 16 thus decreases in the direction from the sensing area 17a, 17b towards the edge areas 18a, 18b of the respective reinforcing element 13a, 13b.
- the touch areas 17a, 17b of the reinforcement elements 13a, 13b move, as described above, relative to the base body 11 in the stroke direction R2, which can be perceived as a haptic signal, for example by a user.
- the reinforcement elements 13a, 13b bend preferably at transitions between the touch areas 17a, 17b and the connecting areas 20a, 20b and between the connecting areas 20a, 20b and the edge areas 18a, 18b.
- the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b can have at least one thinning, preferably several thinnings, between the said areas, which enable better deformability of the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b and easier execution of the lifting movement.
- a movement of the edge areas 18a, 18b in the lifting direction R2 is prevented by the adhesive connection 15 with the piezoelectric actuator 1. Instead, the edge areas 18a, 18b move with the base body 11 in the longitudinal direction RI. A relative movement therefore takes place between the edge areas 18a, 18b and the touch areas 17a, 17b.
- the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b are deformed such that the Touch areas 17a, 17b are pressed closer to the respective main surface 11a, 11b and the edge areas 18a, 18b are pressed away from one another in the longitudinal direction RI.
- the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b By attaching the reinforcing elements 13a, 13b to the base body 11 of the piezoelectric actuator 1, the latter is also deformed in the longitudinal direction RI. This generates an electrical voltage in the piezoelectric actuator 1. This voltage can be detected at the outer electrodes 23 and in this way a haptic input can be inferred.
- the piezoelectric actuator 1 can thus be used as a sensor that can detect a force exerted by a user.
- the piezoelectric actuator 1 can be connected at the outer electrodes 23 to a control device that evaluates the electrical voltages generated at the piezoelectric actuator 1.
- Figures 2A and 2B show a three-dimensional representation and a two-dimensional sectional representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a piezoelectric actuator 1 for the haptic devices described below, which, in comparison to the previous exemplary embodiment, has a base body 11 with a square base area and thus with square main surfaces 11a, 11b.
- the internal electrodes are not shown in the sectional representation in Figure 2B.
- the reinforcing elements 13, 13b are each designed as a circular curved disk, for example based on the shape of a truncated cone or in the manner of a cymbal or a cymbal, which have an edge region 18a surrounding the touch region 17a spaced apart from the piezoelectric actuator 1, which edge region 18a is fixed to the base body 11 is attached.
- these can each have an opening as indicated in Figures 2A and 2B.
- the base body 11 and thus the piezoelectric actuator 1 can, for example, have a side length of greater than or equal to 5 mm and less than or equal to 100 mm.
- the external electrodes 23 are applied to the first main surface 11a of the base body 11 and can extend to at least one end face for contacting the internal electrodes.
- FIGS 2A and 2B may have features like the embodiment shown in Figures 1A and 1B.
- haptic devices 100 which have a piezoelectric actuator 1, which can be designed according to the previous embodiments. Furthermore, the haptic devices 100 described below have, purely by way of example, a first reinforcing element 13a in the form of a curved circular disk on the first main surface 11a of the base body 11 of the piezoelectric actuator 1 and a second Reinforcing element 13b in the form of a curved circular disk on the second main surface 11b of the base body 11 of the piezoelectric actuator 1, as described in connection with Figures 2A and 2B.
- the haptic devices 100 described below can, for example, also have only the first reinforcing element 13a and be free of a reinforcing element on the second main surface 11b and/or have other geometries, for example as described in connection with Figures 1A and 1B.
- the following description mainly relates to the differences from the embodiments of the previous figures. Elements and components not described can therefore preferably be designed as explained in connection with Figures 1A to 2B.
- FIG 3A an embodiment of the haptic device 100 is shown in a sectional view according to the representation in Figure 2B.
- the haptic device is shown in a three-dimensional view without the first reinforcing element 13a in order to have a clear view of the top side 25 of the piezoelectric actuator 1.
- the dielectric material 50 can be formed by an adhesive applied over the entire surface, by means of which the entire first reinforcing element 13a can be attached to the base body 11.
- the adhesive can provide the distance to the first main surface and at the same time act as a dielectric.
- Figure 5C shows a further exemplary embodiment of the haptic device 100 which, in comparison to the exemplary embodiments of Figures 3A to 5B, has a second capacitive element 30b.
- the second capacitive element 30b also has a first electrode 31b and a second electrode 32b and is designed as a capacitive sensor.
- the second reinforcing element 13b forms the first electrode 31b of the second capacitive element 30b.
- the second electrode 32b of the second capacitive element 30b is arranged on the second main surface 11b of the base body 11.
- Figure 5C also shows the conductor track 324b of the second electrical contact element of the second capacitive element 30b for contacting the second electrode 32b.
- the first capacitive element 30a and the second capacitive element 30b are particularly preferably designed identically, so that the features and properties of the first capacitive element 30a described in connection with the previous embodiments can apply accordingly to the second capacitive element 30b, so that when a force is applied to the haptic device 100, at least substantially identical capacitive signals can be detected at the two capacitive elements 30a, 30b.
- the first capacitive element 30a and the second capacitive element 30b can be designed differently, so that when a force is applied to the haptic device 100, different capacitive signals can be detected at the two capacitive elements 30a, 30b.
- the haptic device 100 can also have a second capacitive element 30b, which can be designed the same as the first capacitive element 30a or differently.
- the edge region of the first reinforcing element can be fastened exclusively to the fastening region.
- the region of the first main surface 11a covered by the edge region of the first reinforcing element can be completely provided with the fastening region 313a of the first electrical contact element 311a.
- This can accordingly be designed, for example, as a circumferential ring.
- the first reinforcement element 13a which is contacted in Figures 9A to 11B purely by way of example as described in connection with Figure 4, can have at least one raised area 170a in the touch area 17a on an underside facing the first main surface 11a, i.e. an area extending towards the first main surface 11a, as a result of which the effective distance between the first electrode 31a and the second electrode 32a of the first capacitive element 30a can be influenced.
- a distance between the first electrode 31a of the first capacitive element 30a, formed by the first reinforcement element 13a, and the second electrode 32a of the first capacitive element 30a can be reduced as described above in connection with Figure 5A, whereby a stronger capacitive field can be generated and thus the capacitive signal and in particular the signal-to-noise ratio of the first capacitive element 30a can be increased.
- the at least one raised region 170a can be formed by an embossed structure introduced from an upper side of the first reinforcement element 13a facing away from the first main surface 11a.
- the at least one raised region 170a on the underside can correspond to a recessed region on the upper side of the touch region 17a, which has been introduced by embossing from the upper side of the touch region 17a.
- the second reinforcing element 13b can have a corresponding touch area 17b with at least one raised area 170b.
- the raised region 170a on the underside of the first reinforcing element 13a can be ring-shaped, for example, and can have two raised rings, for example, which extend towards the first main surface 11a.
- two ring-shaped depressions are correspondingly embossed, as can be seen in Figure 9A.
- the raised region 170a on the underside can also be formed, for example, by just an annular region that corresponds to a corresponding annular embossed depression in the upper side.
- the first reinforcing element 13a in the touch region 17a can also have, for example, a thickening, i.e. a region with a greater thickness that extends to the first main surface, to form the raised region 170a, as is indicated in Figure 10C.
- the raised area is not limited to ring shapes. As indicated in Figures 11A and 11B, for example, a spoke-like structure can also be embossed, which in the embodiment shown results in corresponding four raised areas 170a on the underside of the touch area 17a of the first reinforcing element 13a.
- a simple electrical contacting of the haptic device 100 is possible.
- this can be done by a flexible printed circuit connector (FPC connector) 60, as shown in Figure 12.
- FPC connector flexible printed circuit connector
- the haptic device described here uses capacitive field sensing to integrate a static force sensor into a piezoelectric actuator in a cost-effective manner.
- capacitive field sensing By integrating a static force sensor into the actuator component, the typical touch sensing requirements of, in particular, sophisticated, haptic user interfaces can be met.
- the sensor function of the piezoelectric actuator itself can also be supported or improved by using the capacitive element, for example as a safety function, for example with regard to the signal-to-noise ratio, the response time and/or a force-time measurement with the field sensor, and vice versa.
- the force measurement solution is realized by arranging two conductive surfaces in the form of the first and second electrodes of at least the first capacitive element so close to each other that a capacitive field can be generated.
- the capacitance of the generated field changes when the distance between the two electrodes changes. So, for example, when a user presses a touch surface with a finger, which in turn presses on the haptic device, the two electrodes of at least the first capacitive element move closer to each other and the force with which the finger presses can be determined, regardless of the speed at which the touch force occurs.
- a touch input can then be triggered, at exactly the right time, and if desired, the same haptic device can also generate haptic feedback to confirm that the input has been registered.
- the haptic device enables reliable force sensing combined with haptic feedback in a single component, which can reduce costs and design complexity.
- haptic feedback is often based on small mechanical movements in the range of greater than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 300 pm. Consequently, high mechanical tolerances are required in system integration. If one had to use a separate force sensor and a separate haptic actuator, this would not only be complex in system integration, but also very demanding and expensive in terms of mechanics and assembly.
- Another advantage of the haptic device described here is its multiple sensor functionality, which can be useful, for example, from a safety and energy saving perspective.
- two input circuits may be required for safety-critical switches, such as the hazard warning switch that is present in every car.
- the piezoelectric actuator By integrating two capacitive elements, i.e. the first and second capacitive elements, on either side of the piezoelectric actuator, these can be redundantly integrated into two similar circuits. In other applications, it may be sufficient to use the piezoelectric actuator as a piezoelectric sensor in one circuit and the first capacitive element as a capacitive field sensor in the other circuit.
- piezoelectric sensors are passive sensors that generate a voltage when they are pressed. Therefore, it may be possible to use the piezoelectric actuator to "wake up" the capacitive element, and then still measure the change as well as longer-lasting pressure with the capacitive element to detect the force and duration of the pressure. Human movements are typically so slow that a reaction time of a few milliseconds may be fast enough to detect a capacitive change.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202480042164.2A CN121420272A (zh) | 2023-06-29 | 2024-06-28 | 触觉装置 |
| EP24737457.2A EP4735981A1 (de) | 2023-06-29 | 2024-06-28 | Haptikvorrichtung |
| DE112024002756.3T DE112024002756A5 (de) | 2023-06-29 | 2024-06-28 | Haptikvorrichtung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023117170.4 | 2023-06-29 | ||
| DE102023117170.4A DE102023117170B3 (de) | 2023-06-29 | 2023-06-29 | Haptikvorrichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2025003400A1 true WO2025003400A1 (de) | 2025-01-02 |
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ID=91758818
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/068247 Ceased WO2025003400A1 (de) | 2023-06-29 | 2024-06-28 | Haptikvorrichtung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4735981A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN121420272A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102023117170B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2025003400A1 (de) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120274599A1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | Synaptics Incorporated | Input device with force sensing and haptic response |
| WO2017060011A1 (de) | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | Epcos Ag | Bauelement zur erzeugung eines aktiven haptischen feedbacks |
| WO2018046201A1 (de) | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-15 | Epcos Ag | Vorrichtung zur erzeugung einer haptischen rückmeldung |
| DE102018102630A1 (de) * | 2018-02-06 | 2019-08-08 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer aktiven haptischen Rückmeldung |
| DE102020111405A1 (de) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-10-28 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Bedienelement und Fahrzeug mit Bedienelement |
| WO2022248244A1 (de) | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-01 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Piezoelektrisches vielschichtenelement |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104395860B (zh) | 2012-05-09 | 2018-06-22 | 苹果公司 | 用于确定计算设备中的反馈的阈值 |
| JP6137418B2 (ja) | 2014-10-27 | 2017-05-31 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 振動装置 |
| DE102018126536A1 (de) | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-30 | Bcs Automotive Interface Solutions Gmbh | Kraftfahrzeugbedieneinheit sowie Verfahren zur Bestätigung eines Schaltbefehls |
-
2023
- 2023-06-29 DE DE102023117170.4A patent/DE102023117170B3/de active Active
-
2024
- 2024-06-28 CN CN202480042164.2A patent/CN121420272A/zh active Pending
- 2024-06-28 WO PCT/EP2024/068247 patent/WO2025003400A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-06-28 DE DE112024002756.3T patent/DE112024002756A5/de active Pending
- 2024-06-28 EP EP24737457.2A patent/EP4735981A1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120274599A1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | Synaptics Incorporated | Input device with force sensing and haptic response |
| WO2017060011A1 (de) | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | Epcos Ag | Bauelement zur erzeugung eines aktiven haptischen feedbacks |
| WO2018046201A1 (de) | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-15 | Epcos Ag | Vorrichtung zur erzeugung einer haptischen rückmeldung |
| DE102018102630A1 (de) * | 2018-02-06 | 2019-08-08 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer aktiven haptischen Rückmeldung |
| DE102020111405A1 (de) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-10-28 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Bedienelement und Fahrzeug mit Bedienelement |
| WO2022248244A1 (de) | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-01 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Piezoelektrisches vielschichtenelement |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4735981A1 (de) | 2026-05-06 |
| DE112024002756A5 (de) | 2026-04-09 |
| DE102023117170B3 (de) | 2024-11-28 |
| CN121420272A (zh) | 2026-01-27 |
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