WO2025002029A1 - 天线模组和电子设备 - Google Patents

天线模组和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025002029A1
WO2025002029A1 PCT/CN2024/100859 CN2024100859W WO2025002029A1 WO 2025002029 A1 WO2025002029 A1 WO 2025002029A1 CN 2024100859 W CN2024100859 W CN 2024100859W WO 2025002029 A1 WO2025002029 A1 WO 2025002029A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiating portion
radiator
antenna
antenna module
sar
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/100859
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦越
郑超
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Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
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Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2025002029A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025002029A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of electronic technology, and in particular to an antenna module and an electronic device.
  • antenna modules are increasingly used in people's lives.
  • the size of antenna modules is usually small, resulting in poor radiation performance of antenna modules.
  • the specific absorption ratio (SAR) of electromagnetic waves can be used to measure the impact of the radiation signal of the antenna module on the human body.
  • SAR specific absorption ratio
  • the present application aims to provide an antenna module and an electronic device to solve the problem of poor radiation performance of current antenna modules.
  • an embodiment of the present application proposes an antenna module, comprising: a floor, a first radiator and a second radiator, the first radiator comprising a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion, the second radiating portion being located between the first radiating portion and the second radiator, and a gap being provided between the second radiating portion and the second radiator, a first connection point of a connecting portion between the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion being connected to the floor, and an end of the second radiator away from the second radiating portion being connected to the floor; wherein the second radiator is coupled to the second radiating portion, the second radiator, the second radiating portion and the floor constitute a first slot antenna; and the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion constitute a wire antenna.
  • an embodiment of the present application proposes an electronic device, including: the antenna module in the above-mentioned first aspect.
  • the second radiator is coupled to the second radiating portion, the second radiator, the second radiating portion and the floor constitute a first slot antenna, and the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion constitute a linear antenna.
  • the first slot antenna and the linear antenna can reuse the second radiating portion, so that the volume of the antenna module can be smaller.
  • the first slot antenna and the linear antenna can be cascaded to achieve a mixture of the slot antenna mode and the linear antenna mode to construct multiple high-efficiency and low-SAR hybrid resonant modes, that is, the radiation performance of the antenna module is enhanced, and the Lowering SAR means reducing the body's absorption of the electromagnetic radiation energy of the antenna module, thereby enhancing the performance of the antenna module.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2a is a current distribution diagram of a wire antenna in an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2b is a current distribution diagram of a slot antenna in an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2c is a current distribution diagram of a wire antenna in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2d is a current distribution diagram of a slot antenna in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3a is a magnetic field distribution diagram of a linear antenna in an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 b is a magnetic field distribution diagram of a slot antenna in an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3c is a magnetic field distribution diagram of a linear antenna in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 d is a magnetic field distribution diagram of a slot antenna in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a radiation efficiency diagram of an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5a is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram in an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 b is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5c is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5d is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8a is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8b is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of the antenna module shown in FIG8a provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG8c is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8d is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of the antenna module shown in FIG8c provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG8e is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8f is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of the antenna module shown in FIG8e provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG9 is a radiation efficiency diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a radiation efficiency diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a radiation efficiency diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG17 is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG18 is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG19 is a radiation efficiency diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG20a is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG20 b is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG20c is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG20d is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG21a is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG21 b is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG21c is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG21d is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG23 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG26 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG27 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG28 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG29 is a diagram of radiation efficiency of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG30 a is a current distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG30 b is a current distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG30c is a current distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG31 is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG32 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG33 is a diagram of radiation efficiency of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG34 is a current distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG35 is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG36 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG37 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG38 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG39 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG40 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna module includes: a floor 40, a first radiator 10 and a second radiator 20.
  • the first radiator 10 includes a first radiating portion 11 and a second radiating portion 12.
  • the second radiating portion 12 is located between the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiator 20, and there is a gap between the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20.
  • the first connection point 13 of the connection portion between the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 is connected to the floor 40, and the end of the second radiator 20 away from the second radiating portion 12 is connected to the floor 40.
  • the second radiator 20 is coupled to the second radiating portion 12 , and the second radiator 20 , the second radiating portion 12 and the floor 40 constitute a first slot antenna 200 ; the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 constitute a wire antenna 100 .
  • the wire antenna 100 can be understood as the first radiator 10 in Figure 1, the length of the first radiating part 11 can be L1, and the length of the second radiating part 12 can be L2;
  • the first slot antenna 200 can be understood as: a radiator formed by coupling the second radiator 20 and the second radiating part 12, and a slot antenna formed by enclosing the floor 40, and the length of the second radiator 20 can be L3.
  • the second radiator 20 is coupled to the second radiating portion 12, and the second radiator 20, the second radiating portion 12 and the floor 40 constitute the first slot antenna 200, and the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 constitute the wire antenna 100.
  • the first slot antenna 200 and the wire antenna 100 can reuse the second radiating portion 12, so that the volume of the antenna module can be smaller.
  • the first slot antenna 200 and the wire antenna 100 can be cascaded to achieve a mixture of the slot antenna mode and the wire antenna mode, and multiple high-efficiency and low-SAR hybrid resonant modes can be constructed, that is, the radiation performance of the antenna module is enhanced, and the SAR is reduced, that is, the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation energy of the antenna module by the human body is reduced, thereby enhancing the performance of the antenna module.
  • the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 may be an integrally formed structure, that is, the first radiator 10 is an integrally formed structure. In this way, the connection strength between the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 can be enhanced, that is, the overall strength of the first radiator 10 is enhanced.
  • the first end of the second radiator 20 is grounded, and the first end is the end of the second radiator 20 away from the second radiating portion 12.
  • the length of the first slot antenna 200 can be increased, thereby further enhancing the radiation performance of the first slot antenna 200.
  • the antenna resonance mode with reverse current distribution can construct a magnetic field with a phase difference of 180°, so that part of the magnetic field is offset by each other, so that the current distribution of the antenna module can often form a more dispersed hotspot, thereby obtaining better SAR performance, that is, the human body
  • the antenna module absorbs less electromagnetic radiation energy, reducing the impact on the human body.
  • the current distribution of the slot antenna's differential mode (Slot Differential Mode, SDM) is shown in Figure 2d, the magnetic field distribution is shown in Figure 3d, and the hotspot distribution is shown in Figure 5d;
  • the current distribution of the wire antenna's common mode (Wire Common Mode, WCM) is shown in Figure 2a, the magnetic field distribution is shown in Figure 3a, and the hotspot distribution is shown in Figure 5a. Since the current distributions of SDM and WCM are opposite, these two modes can be called “low SAR modes”.
  • the antenna resonance modes with the same-direction current distribution have the same phase of the generated magnetic field, and the magnetic field is enhanced after superposition, which often forms a relatively concentrated hotspot and has poor SAR performance, such as the slot antenna common mode (SCM) and the wire antenna differential mode (WDM).
  • SCM slot antenna common mode
  • WDM wire antenna differential mode
  • the current distribution of SCM is shown in Figure 2b
  • the magnetic field distribution is shown in Figure 3b
  • the hotspot distribution is shown in Figure 5b
  • the current distribution of WDM is shown in Figure 2c
  • the magnetic field distribution is shown in Figure 3c
  • the hotspot distribution is shown in Figure 5c. Since the current distributions of SCM and WDM are in the same direction, these two modes can be called "high SAR modes".
  • the antenna mode with reverse current distribution often has difficulty in obtaining good antenna efficiency and thus a good user experience due to partial radiation cancellation in the far field.
  • the radiation efficiency of the low SAR mode is often lower than that of the high SAR mode. Therefore, the SAR hotspots of SDM and WCM are more dispersed, but the radiation efficiency is low, while the radiation efficiency of SCM and WDM is higher, but the SAR hotspots are concentrated, and the SAR performance is poor. It can be seen that it is difficult to achieve both the radiation performance of the current antenna module and the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation energy of the antenna module by the human body, resulting in poor performance of the antenna module.
  • the distributed currents on the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 are opposite, and the wire antenna 100 is in a common mode (Wire Common Mode, WCM); the distributed currents on the second radiator 20 and the second radiating portion 12 are opposite, and the first slot antenna 200 is in a differential mode (Slot Differential Mode, SDM).
  • WCM Wi Common Mode
  • SDM Slot Differential Mode
  • both WCM and SDM are low SAR modes, they have excellent SAR performance.
  • the radiation efficiency is low due to the reverse distribution current on the first radiating part 11 and the second radiating part 12, and the reverse distribution current on the second radiator 20 and the second radiating part 12, resulting in low radiation efficiency of WCM and SDM.
  • the second radiating portion 12 is reused by the first slot antenna 200 and the linear antenna 100, so that WCM and SDM are mixed, so that two SAR hotspots can be obtained, that is, the antenna module exhibits a dual hotspot characteristic, which increases the radiation bandwidth and radiation performance of the antenna module, and at the same time, improves the SAR performance of the antenna module.
  • the distributed currents on the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 are in opposite directions, and the wire antenna 100 is in the common mode WCM; the distributed currents on the second radiator 20 and the second radiating portion 12 are in the same direction, and the first slot antenna 200 is in the common mode SCM.
  • the second radiating portion 12 is reused by the first slot antenna 200 and the linear antenna 100, so that WCM and SCM are mixed, so that two SAR hotspots can also be obtained, that is, the antenna module presents a dual hotspot characteristic, which increases the radiation of the antenna module. Bandwidth and radiation performance, at the same time, the SAR performance of the antenna module is better.
  • the above WCM, SDM and SCM are related to the working frequency of the antenna, and the working frequency is not specifically limited.
  • the working frequency of the linear antenna 100 is 2.33 GHz
  • the linear antenna 100 is in WCM
  • the working frequency of the first slot antenna 200 is 2.58 GHz
  • the first slot antenna 200 is in SDM
  • the working frequency of the first slot antenna 200 is 1.9 GHz
  • the first slot antenna 200 is in SCM.
  • the working frequency of the linear antenna 100 is 3.16 GHz
  • the linear antenna 100 is in WDM.
  • the second radiating portion 12 includes a second connection point 14, which is electrically connected to the feed source of the antenna module; or, referring to Figure 15, the first radiating portion 11 includes a third connection point 15, which is electrically connected to the feed source.
  • the second connection point 14 or the third connection point 15 is electrically connected to the feed source, thereby increasing the diversity and flexibility of the position of the electrical connection to the feed source.
  • the first distance and the second distance are both within a preset range, the first distance is the distance between the first connection point 13 and the midpoint of the first radiator 10 , and the second distance is the distance between the second connection point 14 and the midpoint of the first radiator 10 .
  • the first connection point 13 may be referred to as a grounding point, and the second connection point 14 may be referred to as a feeding point.
  • the first distance and the second distance are both within the preset range, which can be understood as referring to FIG8a, the first connection point 13 and the second connection point 14 are both located in the middle area of the first radiator 10.
  • the current distribution on the first radiator 10 is completely symmetrical, and the ratio of the reverse current is close to 1.
  • the SAR hotspot map shows a relatively ideal multi-hotspot characteristic.
  • the common mode mode of the linear antenna is "high in purity", so that the SAR performance of the linear antenna can be better.
  • the first distance and the second distance are both within a preset range, that is, the first connection point 13 and the second connection point 14 are both located in the middle area of the first radiator 10, thereby further enhancing the SAR performance of the antenna module.
  • the length of the first radiating portion 11 is L1
  • the length of the second radiating portion 12 is L2
  • the length of the second radiator 20 is L3, satisfying L3>L1>(L2+L3)/2.
  • the common mode of the wire antenna 100 is a 1/4 wave mode, and the resonant frequency is mainly determined by the size of L1.
  • the differential mode of the wire antenna 100 is a 1/2 wave mode, and the resonant frequency is mainly determined by the aperture size (L1+L2)/2 of the wire antenna 100;
  • the common mode of the first slot antenna 200 is a 1/4 wave mode, and the frequency is mainly determined by the size of L3;
  • the differential mode of the first slot antenna 200 is a 1/2 wave mode, and the frequency is mainly determined by the size of the aperture size (L2+L3)/2.
  • L1 it is necessary to design L1 to be close to the size of L3, and because it is necessary to ensure that WCM has a better mode purity, the size of L2 needs to be close to the size of L1, that is, L1 ⁇ L3, and L2 needs to be close to the size of L1.
  • L1 needs to be designed to be close to (L2+L3)/2. Therefore, in the actual design process, if the mix of WCM and SCM and the mix of WCM and SDM are to be taken into account, the size of L1 can be designed within the range of L3>L1>(L2+L3)/2.
  • L3>L1>(L2+L3)/2 so that the antenna module can take into account the mixture of WCM and SCM, or take into account the mixture of WCM and SDM, so that the radiation performance and SAR performance of the antenna module are better.
  • FIG. 9 shows the S parameters of the hybrid mode low SAR antenna module, the linear antenna 100 and the first slot antenna 200.
  • the curve of the S parameters of the first slot antenna 200 is shown in curve B1, including two resonant modes, namely, SCM at a frequency of 1.9 GHz and SDM at a frequency of 2.58 GHz.
  • the curve of the S parameters of the linear antenna 100 is shown in curve B2, and has two resonant modes, namely, WCM at a frequency of 2.33 GHz and WDM at a frequency of 3.16 GHz.
  • the curve of the S parameters of the hybrid mode antenna is shown in curve B3, indicating that there are three resonant modes.
  • the WCM of the wire antenna 100 is located between the SCM and SDM of the first slot antenna 200. Therefore, in the mixed mode antenna, the first mode should be SCM mixed with WCM, and the current distribution diagram is shown in Figure 10; the second mode should be WCM mixed with SDM, and the current distribution diagram is shown in Figure 12.
  • Figure 13 shows the radiation efficiency of the mixed mode antenna, where C1 represents the radiation efficiency of the first slot antenna 200, C2 represents the radiation efficiency of the wire antenna 100, and C3 represents the radiation efficiency of the mixed mode antenna (i.e., after the first slot antenna 200 and the wire antenna 100 are cascaded in the antenna module).
  • Figures 13 and 14 show the SAR hotspot diagrams of the hybrid mode antenna. Since the first resonant mode is mixed with WCM in SCM, the SAR hotspot diagram also shows a dual hotspot characteristic while maintaining the high radiation efficiency of SCM. Similarly, the second mode is mixed with WCM in SDM, and the mixed WCM mode fills the radiation efficiency pit of the SDM mode, has a higher radiation efficiency, and the SAR hotspot diagram also shows a dual hotspot characteristic. In this way, two hybrid resonant modes with high radiation efficiency and low SAR are constructed.
  • two high SAR modes may be mixed to construct two hot spots, which may also enhance the SAR performance of the antenna module.
  • the distributed currents on the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 are in the same direction, and the wire antenna 100 is in WDM; the distributed currents on the second radiator 20 and the second radiating portion 12 are in the same direction, and the first slot antenna 200 is in SCM.
  • the second radiating portion 12 or the first radiating portion 11 is electrically connected to a feed source of the antenna module.
  • the second radiating portion 12 or the first radiating portion 11 is electrically connected to the feed source of the antenna module, thereby increasing the diversity and flexibility of the electrical connection position with the feed source of the antenna module.
  • the length of the first radiating portion 11 is L1
  • the length of the second radiating portion 12 is L2
  • the length of the second radiator 20 is L3
  • the difference between (L1+L2)/2 and L3 is less than or equal to the preset difference.
  • the preset difference may be 0, that is, in this case (L1+L2)/2 is equal to L3.
  • (L1+L2)/2 is close to L3, that is, the two are not equal, but the difference is small, less than or equal to the preset difference.
  • the difference between (L1+L2)/2 and L3 is less than or equal to the preset difference, so that the mixing effect of the SAR mode of the antenna module can be better, thereby improving the SAR performance of the antenna module.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the S parameters of the hybrid mode antenna, indicating that the hybrid mode antenna has three resonant modes, wherein the curve shown in D1 represents the curve of the S parameters of the first slot antenna 200; the curve shown in D2 represents the curve of the S parameters of the linear antenna 100; the curve shown in D3 represents the curve of the S parameters of the hybrid antenna (i.e., after the first slot antenna 200 and the linear antenna 100 in the antenna module are cascaded).
  • the frequency of SCM is between the frequencies of WCM and WDM, and is closer to the frequency of WDM.
  • the second resonant mode of the hybrid mode is SCM mixed with WDM, i.e., a mixture of two high SAR modes.
  • the first resonant mode is WCM mixed with SCM, and because the SCM is far away from the WCM. Therefore, there are fewer SCM mixed components in the first resonant mode.
  • FIG17 is a current distribution diagram of the second resonant mode in the hybrid mode antenna. As shown in FIG17, the second resonant mode is an obvious SCM mixed with WDM mode, which is a mixture of two high SAR modes.
  • the first resonance mode is a resonance mode dominated by the WCM mode.
  • FIG18 is a SAR hotspot diagram of the second resonance mode in the hybrid mode low SAR antenna. As shown in FIG18 , the second resonance mode exhibits obvious multi-hotspot characteristics. Therefore, this mode is also a resonance mode with high efficiency and low SAR, which means that the radiation performance and SAR performance of the antenna module in this embodiment are both good.
  • the antenna module further includes a third radiator 30, the first radiating portion 11 is located between the third radiator 30 and the second radiating portion 12, and there is a gap between the third radiator 30 and the first radiating portion 11, referring to FIG. 32 , the third radiator 30 is coupled to the first radiating portion 11 to form a second slot antenna 300.
  • a second slot antenna 300 can be formed, that is, the antenna module in the present embodiment can be composed of a wire antenna 100, a first slot antenna 200 and a second slot antenna 300. Therefore, the present embodiment can have more low SAR modes, thereby further enhancing the SAR performance of the antenna module.
  • the S parameters and efficiency of the antenna module of the above embodiment are shown in FIG. 19 , wherein the curve E1 is the radiation efficiency curve of the antenna module, the curve E2 is the system total efficiency curve of the antenna module, and the curve E3 is the system total efficiency curve of the antenna module.
  • the curve shown is the S parameter curve of the antenna module.
  • the antenna module has four resonant modes, and has high radiation efficiency, and there is no obvious efficiency pit in the band.
  • the current distribution of the antenna module of the above embodiment is shown in Figures 20a, 20b, 20c and 20d, indicating that the four resonant modes of the antenna are all mixed modes.
  • the resonant mode at the first resonance of 1.68 GHz is WCM+SCM
  • the resonant mode at the second resonance of 2.1 GHz is WCM+SDM
  • the resonant mode at the third resonance of 2.65 GHz is WDM+SCM
  • the resonant mode at the fourth resonance of 3.86 GHz is WDM+SDM.
  • the 5mm-Body-SAR heat map of the antenna module is shown in Figures 21a, 21b, 21c and 21d, wherein Figure 21a is a SAR heat map of the first resonance, Figure 21b is a SAR heat map of the second resonance, Figure 21c is a SAR heat map of the third resonance, and Figure 21d is a SAR heat map of the fourth resonance.
  • the SAR heat maps of the first, second and third resonances all show obvious multi-hotspot distribution phenomena, and the electromagnetic energy entering the human body is more dispersed, and the SAR peak is lower.
  • the SAR hotspot performance of the fourth resonance is more concentrated, because WDM accounts for a high proportion in the hybrid mode, so it shows high SAR characteristics.
  • Table 1 lists the normalized SAR performance comparison of the dual parasitic hybrid mode low SAR antenna (i.e., the antenna module in the present embodiment) and the traditional IFA antenna, indicating that the hybrid mode low SAR antenna has three resonance modes showing obvious low SAR characteristics, and the -5dB normalized SAR value is lower than 0.72, which is at least 2dB lower than the normalized SAR value of the IFA antenna, i.e., the SAR performance of the antenna module in the embodiment of the present application is better.
  • the distributed currents on the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 are in the same direction, and the wire antenna 100 is in WDM; the distributed currents on the third radiator 30 and the first radiating portion 11 are in the same direction, and the second slot antenna 300 is in SCM.
  • the SAR performance of the antenna module can be further enhanced.
  • the linear antenna 100 is in WDM and the second slot antenna 300 is in SCM, which can further enhance the diversity and flexibility of SAR mode mixing.
  • the distributed currents on the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 are in the same direction, and the wire antenna 100 is in WDM; the distributed currents on the third radiator 30 and the first radiating portion 11 are in the same direction, and the second slot antenna 300 is in SDM.
  • the SAR performance of the antenna module can be further enhanced by constructing the second slot antenna 300.
  • the wire antenna 100 is in WDM and the second slot antenna 300 is in SDM, which can further enhance the diversity and flexibility of SAR mode mixing.
  • the second radiator 20 is grounded through the first tuning switch 21 .
  • a first tuning switch 21 is provided on the second radiator 20, so that the aperture of the first slot antenna 200 can be adjusted, and then the operating frequency of the resonant mode of the first slot antenna 200 and the antenna module can be adjusted to achieve wide frequency coverage of the antenna module, that is, to increase the bandwidth of the antenna module.
  • the second radiator 20 is grounded through the first tuning switch 21
  • the third radiator 30 is grounded through the second tuning switch 31 .
  • a first tuning switch 21 is provided on the second radiator 20, and a second tuning switch 31 is provided on the third radiator 30, so that the apertures of the first slot antenna 200 and the second slot antenna 300 can be adjusted, and then the operating frequency of the resonant mode of the first slot antenna 200, the second slot antenna 300 and the antenna module can be adjusted, thereby achieving wide frequency coverage of the antenna module, that is, increasing the bandwidth of the antenna module.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, including the antenna module in the above embodiment. Since the electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present application includes the antenna module in the above embodiment, it has the same beneficial technical effects as the above embodiment, and the specific structure of the antenna module can refer to the relevant description of the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
  • the electronic device may include: a back cover 1000, a mainboard bracket 2000, a mainboard 3000, a frame 4000, a metal plate 5000 and a display screen 6000.
  • the above-mentioned frame 4000 can also be called a middle frame, and the frame 4000 can be made of metal material.
  • the frame 4000 can also be called a metal middle frame, and the metal plate 5000 can be called a ground plate.
  • the location of the antenna module on the electronic device is not limited here.
  • the antenna module can be arranged on the frame 4000 of the electronic device, and the frame 4000 can also be referred to as the middle frame. Specifically, it can be located on the straight frame body included in the frame 4000 or at the corner of the frame 4000.
  • the frame 4000 includes a straight frame body 4001, a first corner frame body 4002 and a second corner frame body 4003, and the antenna module can be located on at least one of the straight frame body 4001, the first corner frame body 4002 and the second corner frame body 4003.
  • the electronic device also includes a frame body 4000, the frame body 4000 includes a first frame body portion 4004 and a second frame body portion 4005, the first frame body portion 4004 and the second frame body portion 4005 are interconnected and perpendicular, the first radiation portion 11 is located on the first frame body portion 4004, and the second radiation portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are both located on the second frame body portion 4005.
  • the first slot antenna 200 of the antenna module is located on the straight frame of the frame 4000, and the wire antenna 100 is located at the corner of the frame 4000. Since the SAR performance of the antenna module on different surfaces of the frame 4000 is measured independently, the mode with higher SAR in the antenna module can be placed at the corner of the frame 4000, and the near-field energy of the antenna module facing different surfaces can be shared to further improve the SAR performance. In this way, the SAR performance of the antenna module can be further enhanced.
  • first radiation portion 11 is located on the first frame portion 4004 and the second radiation portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are both located on the second frame portion 4005 is not limited here. Please refer to Figures 36, 37, 38 and 39.
  • Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the S parameters and efficiency of the above-mentioned antenna module, wherein the curve shown by F1 is the curve of the efficiency of the total system of the antenna module, the curve shown by F2 is the curve of the radiation efficiency of the antenna module, and the curve shown by F3 is the curve of the S parameters of the antenna module.
  • the antenna module has three resonant modes and the in-band radiation efficiency is relatively high.
  • Figures 30a, 30b and 30c are current distribution diagrams of the antenna module, respectively.
  • the three resonant modes of the hybrid-mode low SAR antenna located at the corner of the frame 4000 are all hybrid modes, wherein Figure 30a is used to represent the current distribution diagram of the first resonance 1.8 GHz, Figure 30b is used to represent the current distribution diagram of the first resonance 2.55 GHz, and Figure 30c is used to represent the current distribution diagram of the third resonance 3 GHz.
  • FIG31 shows a SAR hotspot distribution diagram. It is worth noting that when the antenna module is located at the corner of the frame 4000, the SAR performance of the third resonance is improved compared with when the antenna module is located in the straight frame of the frame 4000. This is because the resonance mode of the third resonance is mainly WDM, so the mode is mainly excited by the linear antenna.
  • the linear antenna is located on the first frame part 4004 and the second frame part 4005, respectively, when measuring the SAR performance on the first frame part 4004, part of the energy is concentrated on the second frame part 4005, resulting in a decrease in the peak value of the SAR hotspot; similarly, when measuring the SAR performance on the second frame part 4005, part of the energy is concentrated on the first frame part 4004, also resulting in a decrease in the peak value of the SAR hotspot.
  • the first radiating portion 11 is arranged on the first frame part 4004, and the second radiating portion 12 is arranged on the second frame part 4005, that is, the linear antenna is arranged at the corner position of the frame 4000, which can further enhance the SAR performance of the antenna module.
  • the SAR peak values of the three resonant modes of the antenna module located at the corner are normalized to -5dB and compared with the SAR performance when the antenna module is located in the straight frame of frame 4000. This shows that when the antenna module is located at the corner, the normalized SAR values of the three resonant modes of the antenna module are all low, and there are three resonant modes with relatively low SAR values.
  • the antenna module further includes a third radiator 30
  • the third radiator 30 is located on the first frame portion 4004 .
  • the near-field energy of the antenna module is distributed by utilizing the different corner positions of the frame 4000 , thereby further enhancing the SAR performance of the antenna module.
  • Figure 33 shows the S parameters and efficiency of the antenna module.
  • the curve shown by G1 is the curve of the total system efficiency of the antenna module
  • the curve shown by G2 is the curve of the radiation efficiency of the antenna module
  • the curve shown by G3 is the curve of the S parameters of the antenna module. It can be seen that the antenna module has four resonant modes and has a higher radiation efficiency within the band.
  • FIG34 shows the mode current distribution diagram of the antenna module, specifically, the current distribution diagrams of the four resonant modes.
  • FIG35 shows the SAR hotspot distribution diagram of the antenna module. It is worth noting that when the antenna module is located at a corner, the SAR performance of the fourth resonance is significantly improved compared to when the antenna module is located in a straight frame. This is because the fourth resonance is mainly excited by the wire antenna, and part of the wire antenna is distributed on the first frame portion 4004, and part of the wire antenna is distributed on the second frame portion 4005. Therefore, the near-field energy sharing of different faces of the antenna reduces the SAR peak, thereby further enhancing the SAR performance of the antenna module.
  • the SAR performance of the antenna module located at the corner is calculated by -5dB normalization, which shows that the -5dB normalized SAR of the four resonance modes of the antenna module distributed at the corner is low, and the SAR performance of the fourth resonance mode is significantly improved compared to when the antenna module is located in a straight frame.
  • the electronic device also includes a frame body 4000, the frame body 4000 includes a first frame body portion 4004 and a second frame body portion 4005, the first frame body portion 4004 and the second frame body portion 4005 are interconnected and perpendicular, referring to Figures 22 and 23, the first radiating portion 11, the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are all located on the first frame body portion 4004, or the first radiating portion 11, the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are all located on the second frame body portion 4005.
  • the first radiating portion 11, the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are all located on the first frame portion 4004, or the first radiating portion 11, the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are all located on the second frame portion 4005. In this way, the diversity and flexibility of the setting positions of the first radiating portion 11, the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20 can be further increased.

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Abstract

本申请属于电子技术领域，具体公开了一种天线模组和电子设备。其中，天线模组包括：地板、第一辐射体和第二辐射体，所述第一辐射体包括第一辐射部和第二辐射部，所述第二辐射部位于所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射体之间，且所述第二辐射部与所述第二辐射体之间具有间隙，所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部之间连接部分的第一连接点与所述地板连接，且所述第二辐射体远离所述第二辐射部的端部与所述地板连接；其中，所述第二辐射体与所述第二辐射部耦合连接，所述第二辐射体、所述第二辐射部和所述地板构成第一槽天线；所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部构成线天线。

Description

天线模组和电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用：
本申请要求在2023年06月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为202310772594.7、发明名称为“天线模组和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电子技术领域，具体涉及一种天线模组和电子设备。
背景技术
随着天线技术的不断发展，天线模组在人们生活中的应用也越来越广。但是由于天线模组的设置空间较小，导致天线模组的尺寸通常较小，使得天线模组的辐射性能较差。
当前通常可以用电磁波比吸收率(specific absorption ratio,SAR)来衡量天线模组的辐射信号对人体的影响。当提升天线模组的辐射性能时，容易导致SAR增大，进而导致人体对天线模组的电磁辐射能量的吸收较多。由此可见，当前天线模组的辐射性能和人体对天线模组的电磁辐射能量的吸收难以兼得，导致天线模组的使用性能较差。
发明内容
本申请旨在提供一种天线模组和电子设备，以解决当前天线模组的辐射性能较差的问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提出了一种天线模组，包括：地板、第一辐射体和第二辐射体，所述第一辐射体包括第一辐射部和第二辐射部，所述第二辐射部位于所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射体之间，且所述第二辐射部与所述第二辐射体之间具有间隙，所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部之间连接部分的第一连接点与所述地板连接，且所述第二辐射体远离所述第二辐射部的端部与所述地板连接；其中，所述第二辐射体与所述第二辐射部耦合连接，所述第二辐射体、所述第二辐射部和所述地板构成第一槽天线；所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部构成线天线。
第二方面，本申请实施例提出了一种电子设备，包括：上述第一方面中的天线模组。
本申请的实施例中，第二辐射体与第二辐射部耦合连接，第二辐射体、第二辐射部和地板构成第一槽天线，且第一辐射部和第二辐射部构成线天线。这样，即第一槽天线和线天线可以复用上述第二辐射部，从而可以使天线模组的体积较小。同时，又可以使第一槽天线和线天线级联，实现槽天线模式和线天线模式的混合，以构造多个高效率且低SAR的混合谐振模式，即增强了天线模组的辐射性能，并且降 低了SAR，即减少了人体对天线模组的电磁辐射能量的吸收，从而增强了天线模组的使用性能。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种天线模组的结构示意图；
图2a是本申请实施例提供的一种天线模组中的线天线的电流分布图；
图2b是本申请实施例提供的一种天线模组中的槽天线的电流分布图；
图2c是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组中的线天线的电流分布图；
图2d是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组中的槽天线的电流分布图；
图3a是本申请实施例提供的一种天线模组中的线天线的磁场分布图；
图3b是本申请实施例提供的一种天线模组中的槽天线的磁场分布图；
图3c是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组中的线天线的磁场分布图；
图3d是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组中的槽天线的磁场分布图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种天线模组的辐射效率图；
图5a是本申请实施例提供的一种天线模组中的SAR热点分布图；
图5b是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组中的SAR热点分布图；
图5c是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组中的SAR热点分布图；
图5d是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组中的SAR热点分布图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的结构示意图；
图8a是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的结构示意图；
图8b是本申请实施例提供的图8a所示天线模组的SAR热点分布图；
图8c是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的结构示意图；
图8d是本申请实施例提供的图8c所示天线模组的SAR热点分布图；
图8e是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的结构示意图；
图8f是本申请实施例提供的图8e所示天线模组的SAR热点分布图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的辐射效率图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的电流分布图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的电流分布图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的辐射效率图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的SAR热点分布图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的SAR热点分布图；
图15是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的结构示意图；
图16是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的辐射效率图；
图17是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的电流分布图；
图18是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的SAR热点分布图；
图19是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的辐射效率图；
图20a是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的电流分布图；
图20b是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的电流分布图；
图20c是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的电流分布图；
图20d是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的电流分布图；
图21a是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的SAR热点分布图；
图21b是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的SAR热点分布图；
图21c是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的SAR热点分布图；
图21d是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的SAR热点分布图；
图22是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的结构示意图；
图23是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的结构示意图；
图24是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的结构示意图；
图25是本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模组的结构示意图；
图26是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图；
图27是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的框体的结构示意图；
图28是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的结构示意图；
图29是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的辐射效率图；
图30a是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的电流分布图；
图30b是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的电流分布图；
图30c是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的电流分布图；
图31是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的SAR热点分布图；
图32是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的结构示意图；
图33是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的辐射效率图；
图34是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的电流分布图；
图35是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的SAR热点分布图；
图36是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的结构示意图；
图37是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的结构示意图；
图38是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的结构示意图；
图39是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的结构示意图；
图40是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的结构示意图；
图41是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的结构示意图。
具体实施例
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本申请的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本申请的示例性实施例，然而应当理解的是，还可以以各种形式实现本申请而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本申请，并且能够将本申请的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
参见图1，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种天线模组的结构示意图，如图1所示，天线模组，包括：地板40、第一辐射体10和第二辐射体20，第一辐射体10包括第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12，第二辐射部12位于第一辐射部11和第二辐射体20之间，且第二辐射部12与第二辐射体20之间具有间隙，第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12之间连接部分的第一连接点13与地板40连接，且第二辐射体20远离第二辐射部12的端部与地板40连接；
其中，第二辐射体20与第二辐射部12耦合连接，第二辐射体20、第二辐射部12和地板40构成第一槽天线200；第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12构成线天线100。
其中，线天线100可以理解为图1中的第一辐射体10，第一辐射部11的长度可以为L1，第二辐射部12的长度可以为L2；第一槽天线200可以理解为：第二辐射体20与第二辐射部12耦合连接构成的辐射体，与地板40围合形成的槽天线，第二辐射体20的长度可以为L3。
其中，本申请实施例的工作原理可以参见以下表述：
第二辐射体20与第二辐射部12耦合连接，且第二辐射体20、第二辐射部12和地板40构成第一槽天线200，且第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12构成线天线100。这样，即第一槽天线200和线天线100可以复用第二辐射部12，从而可以使得天线模组的体积较小。同时，又可以使得第一槽天线200和线天线100级联，实现槽天线模式和线天线模式的混合，可以构造多个高效率且低SAR的混合谐振模式，即增强了天线模组的辐射性能，且降低了SAR，即减少了人体对天线模组的电磁辐射能量的吸收，从而增强了天线模组的使用性能。
其中，第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12可以为一体成型结构，即第一辐射体10为一体成型结构。这样，可以增强第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12之间的连接强度，也就是说，增强了第一辐射体10的整体强度。
可选地，第二辐射体20的第一端部接地，而上述第一端部为第二辐射体20上远离第二辐射部12的端部。这样，与第二辐射体20的其他位置接地相比，可以增大第一槽天线200的长度，从而进一步增强第一槽天线200的辐射性能。
需要说明的是，根据人体对电磁波的吸收机理，对于人体的肌肉组织，电磁波进入人体的分量主要为磁场的切向分量，故而，拥有反向电流分布的天线谐振模式可以构造相位相差180°的磁场，使得一部分磁场被相互抵消，从而使得天线模组的电流分布上往往可以形成较为分散的热点，从而获取较好的SAR性能，即使得人体 对天线模组的电磁辐射能量的吸收较少，减轻对人体的影响。
可选地，槽天线的差模模式(Slot Differential Mode，SDM)的电流分布如图2d所示，磁场分布如图3d所示，热点分布如图5d所示；线天线的共模模式(Wire Common Mode，WCM)的电流分布如图2a所示，磁场分布如图3a所示，热点分布如图5a所示，由于SDM和WCM的电流分布反向，即因此可以称这两个模式为“低SAR模式”。
另外，拥有同向电流分布的天线谐振模式由于产生磁场的相位相同，叠加后磁场增强，往往形成较为集中的热点，SAR性能较差，如槽天线的共模模式(Slot Common Mode，SCM)和线天线的差模模式(Wire Differential Mode，WDM)，其中，SCM的电流分布如图2b所示，磁场分布如图3b所示，热点分布如图5b所示；而WDM的电流分布如图2c所示，磁场分布如图3c所示，热点分布如图5c所示，由于SCM和WDM的电流分布同向，因此，可以称这两个模式为“高SAR模式”。
然而，具有反向电流分布的天线模式由于在远场有一部分辐射抵消，往往难获取较好的天线效率，进而难以达成好的用户体验。如图4所示，低SAR模式的辐射效率往往低于高SAR模式的辐射效率。因此，SDM和WCM的SAR热点较为分散，但辐射效率较低，SCM和WDM的辐射效率较高，但SAR热点集中，SAR性能差，可见，当前天线模组的辐射性能和人体对天线模组的电磁辐射能量的吸收难以兼得，导致天线模组的使用性能较差。
作为一种可选的实施方式，参见图6，第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12上的分布电流反向，线天线100处于共模模式(Wire Common Mode，WCM)；第二辐射体20和第二辐射部12上的分布电流反向，第一槽天线200处于差模模式(Slot Differential Mode，SDM)。
其中，由于WCM和SDM均是低SAR模式，具有优秀的SAR性能，但是由于第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12上的分布电流反向导致辐射效率低，且第二辐射体20和第二辐射部12上的分布电流反向，导致WCM和SDM的辐射效率较低。
本申请实施例中，通过第一槽天线200和线天线100复用第二辐射部12，从而使得WCM和SDM混合，从而可以得到两个SAR热点，即使得天线模组呈现双热点特性，增加了天线模组的辐射带宽和辐射性能，同时，又使得天线模组的SAR性能较好。
作为一种可选的实施方式，参见图7，第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12上的分布电流反向，线天线100处于共模模式WCM；第二辐射体20和第二辐射部12上的分布电流同向，第一槽天线200处于共模模式SCM。
本申请实施方式中，由于WCM是低SAR模式，而SCM是高SAR模式，通过第一槽天线200和线天线100复用第二辐射部12，从而使得WCM和SCM混合，从而同样可以得到两个SAR热点，即使得天线模组呈现双热点特性，增加了天线模组的辐射 带宽和辐射性能，同时，又使天线模组的SAR性能较好。
需要说明的是，上述两种方式，通过在低SAR模式中混入一个低SAR模式或高SAR模式，这样，可以改善低SAR模式自身辐射效率较低的问题，从而使得整个天线模组的辐射效率较高，同时，SAR性能也较好。
需要说明的是，上述WCM、SDM和SCM与天线的工作频率相关，而工作频率并不具体限定，可选地，线天线100的工作频率为2.33GHz时，则线天线100处于WCM；当第一槽天线200的工作频率为2.58GHz时，则第一槽天线200处于SDM；当第一槽天线200的工作频率为1.9GHz时，则第一槽天线200处于SCM。另外，当线天线100的工作频率为3.16GHz时，则线天线100处于WDM。
作为一种可选的实施方式，参见图6和图7，第二辐射部12包括第二连接点14，第二连接点14与天线模组的馈源电连接；或者，参见图15，第一辐射部11包括第三连接点15，第三连接点15与馈源电连接。
本申请实施方式中，第二连接点14或者第三连接点15与馈源电连接，从而增加了与馈源电连接的位置的多样性和灵活性。
作为一种可选的实施方式，第一距离和第二距离均位于预设范围内，第一距离为第一连接点13与第一辐射体10的中点之间的距离，第二距离为第二连接点14与第一辐射体10的中点之间的距离。
其中，第一连接点13可以被称作为接地点，第二连接点14可以被称作为馈电点。
其中，第一距离和第二距离均位于预设范围内，可以理解为参见图8a，第一连接点13和第二连接点14均位于第一辐射体10的中部区域。这样，由于第一辐射体10的对称性，第一辐射体10上的电流分布完全对称，反向电流的比例接近1。参见图8b，SAR热点图呈现出比较理想的多热点特性，此时，线天线共模模式“纯度高”，这样，可以使得线天线的SAR性能较好。
若第一连接点13或者第二连接点14远离第一辐射体10的中部区域，参见图8c和图8e，则第一辐射体10的结构对称性减弱，WCM模式的电流分布中反向电流的比例减小，此时模式“纯度低”。因此，磁场抵消相对不充分，参见图8d和图8f，图8d为图8c的热点分布图，图8f为图8e的热点分布图，SAR热点图中双热点现象减弱，从而降低了线天线的SAR性能。
本申请实施方式中，第一距离和第二距离均位于预设范围内，即第一连接点13和第二连接点14均位于第一辐射体10的中部区域，从而可以进一步增强天线模组的SAR性能。
作为一种可选的实施方式，第一辐射部11的长度为L1,第二辐射部12的长度为L2，第二辐射体20的长度为L3，满足L3＞L1＞(L2+L3)/2。
其中，线天线100的共模模式为1/4波模式，谐振频率主要由L1的尺寸决定， 线天线100的差模模式为1/2波模式，谐振频率主要由线天线100的孔径尺寸(L1+L2)/2决定；第一槽天线200的共模模式为1/4波模式，频率主要由L3的尺寸决定，第一槽天线200的差模模式为1/2波模式，频率主要由孔径尺寸(L2+L3)/2的尺寸决定。因此，要实现较好的WCM和SCM混合，需设计为L1接近L3的尺寸，又由于需要保证WCM有较好的模式纯度，L2尺寸需接近L1的尺寸，也即L1≈L3，且L2需要接近L1的尺寸。
同理，要实现较好的WCM和SDM混合，需设计为L1接近(L2+L3)/2的尺寸。因此，在实际设计过程中，若要兼顾WCM和SCM的混合以及WCM和SDM的混合，可将L1的尺寸设计在L3＞L1＞(L2+L3)/2的范围内。
本申请实施方式，L3＞L1＞(L2+L3)/2，从而可以使得天线模组可以兼顾WCM和SCM的混合，或者兼顾WCM和SDM的混合，从而使得天线模组的辐射性能和SAR性能均较好。
可选地，参见图9，图9为混合模式低SAR天线模组、线天线100和第一槽天线200的S参数，第一槽天线200的S参数的曲线如B1所示曲线，包括两个谐振模式，分别是在频率为1.9GHz的SCM，和频率在2.58GHz的SDM。线天线100的S参数的曲线如B2所示曲线，有两个谐振模式，分别是在频率为2.33GHz的WCM和频率在3.16GHz的WDM。混合模式天线的S参数的曲线如B3所示曲线，表明有三个谐振模式。
值得注意的是，线天线100的WCM位于第一槽天线200的SCM和SDM之间，因此，在混合模式天线里，第一个模式应为SCM混WCM，电流分布图参见图10所示；第二模式应为WCM混SDM，电流分布图参见图12所示。图13为混合模式天线的辐射效率，其中，C1表示第一槽天线200的辐射效率，C2表示线天线100的辐射效率，C3表示混合模式天线(即天线模组中第一槽天线200和线天线100级联之后)的辐射效率。
图13和图14所示为混合模式天线的SAR热点图。由于第一谐振模式在SCM中混入了WCM，保持SCM高辐射效率的同时SAR热点图也表现出了双热点特性。同理，第二模式在SDM中混入了WCM，混入的WCM模式填补SDM模式的辐射效率凹坑，有较高的辐射效率，SAR热点图也表现出双热点特性。这样构造了两个辐射效率较高，且SAR较低的混合谐振模式。
需要说明的是，为了增强天线模组的SAR性能，也可以混合两个高SAR模式，从而构建两个热点，这样，也可以增强天线模组的SAR性能。
作为一种可选的实施方式，第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12上的分布电流同向，线天线100处于WDM；第二辐射体20和第二辐射部12上的分布电流同向，第一槽天线200处于SCM。
本申请实施方式中，由于WDM和SCM均为高SAR模式，通过混合两个高SAR模 式，从而在天线模组上可以构造两个热点，同样可以增强天线模组的SAR性能。
作为一种可选的实施方式，第二辐射部12或者第一辐射部11与天线模组的馈源电连接。
本申请实施方式中，第二辐射部12或者第一辐射部11与天线模组的馈源电连接，从而增加了与天线模组的馈源电连接位置的多样性和灵活性。
作为一种可选的实施方式，第一辐射部11的长度为L1,第二辐射部12的长度为L2，第二辐射体20的长度为L3，(L1+L2)/2与L3的差值小于或等于预设差值。
其中，预设差值的具体取值在此不做限定。可选地，预设差值可以为0，即此时(L1+L2)/2与L3相等。
另外，可选地，(L1+L2)/2与L3相近，即两者并不相等，但是差值较小，小于或等于预设差值。
本申请实施方式中，(L1+L2)/2与L3的差值小于或等于预设差值，这样，可以使得天线模组的SAR模式的混合效果更好，从而使得天线模组的SAR性能较好。
可选地，当L1＞L3＞(L1+L2)/2时，图16为该混合模式天线的S参数示意图，表明混合模式天线具有三个谐振模式，其中，D1所示曲线表示第一槽天线200的S参数的曲线；D2所示曲线表示线天线100的S参数的曲线；D3所示曲线表示混合天线(即天线模组中第一槽天线200和线天线100级联之后)的S参数的曲线。参见图3，SCM的频率位于WCM和WDM的频率之间，更接近WDM的频率。因此，混合模式的第二个谐振模式为SCM混WDM，即两个高SAR模式的混合。第一谐振模式为WCM混SCM，且由于SCM距WCM较远。因此，第一谐振模式中SCM混合成分较少。图17为混合模式天线中第二谐振模式的电流分布图，如图17所示，第二谐振模式是明显的SCM混合WDM模式，是两个高SAR模式的混合。另外，第一个谐振模式是以WCM模式为主的谐振模式。图18为混合模式低SAR天线中第二谐振模式的SAR热点图，如图18所示，第二谐振模式表现出明显的多热点特性。因此，该模式也是效率高且SAR低的谐振模式，即可以说明本实施方式中天线模组的辐射性能和SAR性能均较好。
作为一种可选的实施方式，参见图25，所述天线模组还包括第三辐射体30，第一辐射部11位于第三辐射体30和第二辐射部12之间，且第三辐射体30与第一辐射部11之间具有间隙，参见图32，第三辐射体30与第一辐射部11耦合连接，且构成第二槽天线300。
本申请实施方式中，由于第三辐射体30与第一辐射部11耦合连接，可以构成第二槽天线300，即本实施方式中的天线模组可以由一个线天线100、第一槽天线200和第二槽天线300复合而成。因而本实施方式中可以具有更多的低SAR模式，从而进一步增强天线模组的SAR性能。
可选地，上述实施方式的天线模组的S参数和效率如图19所示，其中，E1所示曲线为天线模组的辐射效率曲线，E2所示曲线为天线模组的系统总效率曲线，E3所 示曲线为天线模组的S参数曲线。参见图19可知，该天线模组有四个谐振模式，且辐射效率高，带内无明显的效率凹坑。
另外，上述实施方式的天线模组电流分布如图20a、20b、20c和20d所示，表明该天线四个谐振模式均混合模式，如参见图20a，在第一谐振1.68GHz的谐振模式为WCM+SCM，参见图20b，在第二谐振2.1GHz的谐振模式为WCM+SDM，参见图20c，在第三谐振2.65GHz的谐振模式为WDM+SCM，参见图20d，在第四谐振3.86GHz的谐振模式为WDM+SDM。
该天线模组的5mm-Body-SAR热点图如图21a、21b、21c和21d所示，其中，图21a为第一谐振的SAR热点图，图21b为第二谐振的SAR热点图，图21c为第三谐振的SAR热点图，图21d为第四谐振的SAR热点图，第一、第二、第三谐振的SAR热点图均表现出明显的多热点分布现象，进入人体的电磁能量更分散，SAR峰值较低。第四谐振的SAR热点表现较集中，原因是WDM在该混合模式中占比较高，所以表现出高SAR特性。为了更清晰的表明优势，表1列出了双寄生混合模式低SAR天线(即本实施方式中的天线模组)和传统IFA天线的归一化SAR性能对比，表明混合模式低SAR天线有三个谐振模式表现出明显的低SAR特性，-5dB归一化SAR值低于0.72，较IFA天线的归一化SAR值低至少2dB，即本申请实施方式中的天线模组的SAR性能更好。
表1
作为一种可选的实施方式，参见图20c，第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12上的分布电流同向，线天线100处于WDM；第三辐射体30和第一辐射部11上的分布电流同向，第二槽天线300处于SCM。
本申请实施方式中，通过构造第二槽天线300，从而可以进一步增强天线模组的SAR性能，另外，线天线100处于WDM，且第二槽天线300处于SCM，从而可以进一步增强SAR模式混合的多样性和灵活性。
作为一种可选的实施方式，参见图20d，第一辐射部11和第二辐射部12上的分布电流同向，线天线100处于WDM；第三辐射体30和第一辐射部11上的分布电流同向，第二槽天线300处于SDM。
本申请实施方式中，通过构造第二槽天线300，从而可以进一步增强天线模组的SAR性能。另外，线天线100处于WDM，且第二槽天线300处于SDM，从而可以进一步增强SAR模式混合的多样性和灵活性。
作为一种可选的实施方式，参见图22和图23，第二辐射体20通过第一调谐开关21接地。
本申请实施方式中，在第二辐射体20上设置第一调谐开关21，从而可以调节第一槽天线200的口径，进而调节第一槽天线200和天线模组的谐振模式的工作频率，实现天线模组的宽频率覆盖，即增加了天线模组的带宽。
作为一种可选的实施方式，参见图24和图25，第二辐射体20通过第一调谐开关21接地，第三辐射体30通过第二调谐开关31接地。
本申请实施方式中，在第二辐射体20上设置第一调谐开关21，在第三辐射体30上设置第二调谐开关31，从而可以调节第一槽天线200和第二槽天线300的口径，进而调节第一槽天线200、第二槽天线300和天线模组的谐振模式的工作频率，实现天线模组的宽频率覆盖，即增加了天线模组的带宽。
本申请实施例还提供一种电子设备，包括上述实施例中的天线模组，由于本申请实施例提供的电子设备包括上述实施例中的天线模组，因而具有与上述实施例相同的有益技术效果，而天线模组的具体结构可以参见上述实施例的相关表述，具体在此不再赘述。
参见图26，图26为电子设备的爆炸图，如图26所示，电子设备可以包括：背盖1000、主板支架2000、主板3000、框体4000、金属板5000和显示屏6000，上述框体4000也可以被称作为中框，而框体4000可以采用金属材料制成，这样，框体4000也可以被称作为金属中框，金属板5000可以被称作为接地板。
需要说明的是，上述天线模组在电子设备上的设置位置在此不做限定。可选地，天线模组可以设置在电子设备的框体4000上，上述框体4000也可以被称作中框。具体可以位于框体4000包括的直边框体上或者框体4000的拐角处。参见图27，框体4000包括直边框体4001、第一拐角框体4002和第二拐角框体4003，天线模组可以位于直边框体4001、第一拐角框体4002和第二拐角框体4003中的至少一者上。
作为一种可选的实施方式，参见图28，所述电子设备还包括框体4000，框体4000包括第一框体部4004和第二框体部4005，第一框体部4004和第二框体部4005相互连接且垂直，第一辐射部11位于第一框体部4004上，第二辐射部12和第二辐射体20均位于第二框体部4005上。
本申请实施方式中，天线模组的第一槽天线200位于框体4000直边框体上，线天线100位于框体4000的拐角位置。由于天线模组在框体4000的不同面的SAR性能是独立测量的。因此，可以将天线模组中SAR较高的模式置于框体4000的拐角位置，利用不同面对天线模组的近场能量的分摊，进一步改善SAR性能。这样，可以进一步增强天线模组的SAR性能。
需要说明的是，第一辐射部11位于第一框体部4004上，第二辐射部12和第二辐射体20均位于第二框体部4005上的具体结构在此不做限定，可选地，具体结构 可以参见图36、图37、图38和图39所示。
可选地，图29为上述天线模组的S参数和效率的示意图，其中，F1所示曲线为天线模组的总系统的效率的曲线，F2所示曲线为天线模组的辐射效率的曲线，F3所示曲线为天线模组的S参数的曲线，根据图29可知，表明该天线模组具有三个谐振模式，带内辐射效率较高。
图30a、30b和30c分别为该天线模组的电流分布图，位于框体4000的拐角的混合模式低SAR天线的三个谐振模式均为混合模式，其中，图30a用于表示第一谐振1.8GHz的电流分布图，图30b用于表示第一谐振2.55GHz的电流分布图，图30c用于表示第三谐振3GHz的电流分布图。
图31所示为SAR热点分布图，值得注意的是，天线模组位于框体4000的拐角时，与天线模组位于框体4000的直边框体时相比，第三谐振的SAR性能提升，这是因为第三谐振的谐振模式是以WDM为主，因而模式主要由线天线激发，由于线天线分别位于第一框体部4004和第二框体部4005上，因此，测量第一框体部4004上的SAR性能时，部分能量集中在第二框体部4005上，导致SAR热点的峰值减小；同理，测量第二框体部4005上的SAR性能时，一部分能量集中在第一框体部4004上，同样导致SAR热点的峰值减小。这样，将第一辐射部11设置于第一框体部4004上，第二辐射部12设置于第二框体部4005上，即将线天线设置在框体4000的拐角位置上，可以进一步增强天线模组的SAR性能。
如表2所示，将位于拐角位的天线模组的三个谐振模式的SAR峰值做-5dB归一化计算，并与该天线模组位于框体4000的直边框体时的SAR性能对比，表明天线模组位于拐角位时，天线模组的三个谐振模式的归一化SAR值均较低，有三个SAR值相对较低的谐振模式。
表2
作为一种可选的实施方式，在所述天线模组还包括第三辐射体30的情况下，第三辐射体30位于第一框体部4004上。
本申请实施方式中，利用框体4000的拐角位置不同面对天线模组的近场能量的分摊，从而可以进一步增强天线模组的SAR性能。
需要说明的是，第三辐射体30位于第一框体部4004的具体结构在此不做限定，例如：可以参见图40和图41所示结构。
可选地，图33为该天线模组的S参数和效率，G1所示曲线为天线模组的系统总效率的曲线，G2所示曲线为天线模组的辐射效率的曲线，G3所示曲线为天线模组的S参数的曲线，可见，表明该天线模组具有四个谐振模式，且带内具有较高的辐射效率。
图34所示为该天线模组的模式电流分布图，具体，包括四个谐振模式的电流分布图。图35为该天线模组的SAR热点分布图。值得注意的是，天线模组位于拐角时，第四谐振的SAR性能相比天线模组位于直边框体时得到明显提升，这是因为第四谐振主要由线天线激发，而线天线一部分分布在第一框体部4004上，一部分分布在第二框体部4005上，因此，不同面对天线近场能量分摊使SAR峰值降低，从而可以进一步增强天线模组的SAR性能。
如表3所示，将位于拐角位的天线模组的SAR性能做-5dB归一化计算，表明分布于拐角位的天线模组的四个谐振模式的-5dB归一化SAR均较低，且相比于该天线模组位于直边框体时，第四谐振模式的SAR性能有明显提升。
表3
作为一种可选的实施方式，所述电子设备还包括框体4000，框体4000包括第一框体部4004和第二框体部4005，第一框体部4004和第二框体部4005相互连接且垂直，参见图22和图23，第一辐射部11、第二辐射部12和第二辐射体20均位于第一框体部4004上，或者，第一辐射部11、第二辐射部12和第二辐射体20均位于第二框体部4005上。
本申请实施方式中，第一辐射部11、第二辐射部12和第二辐射体20均位于第一框体部4004上，或者，第一辐射部11、第二辐射部12和第二辐射体20均位于第二框体部4005上，这样，可以进一步增加第一辐射部11、第二辐射部12和第二辐射体20设置位置的多样性和灵活性。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下， 由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用相关的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。对于装置、电子设备、计算机可读存储介质及其包含指令的计算机程序产品的实施例而言，由于其基本相似于方法实施例，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本申请的保护范围。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，包含在本申请的保护范围内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种天线模组，其中，包括：地板、第一辐射体和第二辐射体，所述第一辐射体包括第一辐射部和第二辐射部，所述第二辐射部位于所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射体之间，且所述第二辐射部与所述第二辐射体之间具有间隙，所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部之间连接部分的第一连接点与所述地板连接，且所述第二辐射体远离所述第二辐射部的端部与所述地板连接；
    所述第二辐射体与所述第二辐射部耦合连接，所述第二辐射体、所述第二辐射部和所述地板构成第一槽天线；所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部构成线天线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线模组，其中，所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部上的分布电流反向，所述线天线处于共模模式WCM；
    所述第二辐射体和所述第二辐射部上的分布电流反向，所述第一槽天线处于差模模式SDM。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天线模组，其中，所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部上的分布电流反向，所述线天线处于共模模式WCM；
    所述第二辐射体和所述第二辐射部上的分布电流同向，所述第一槽天线处于共模模式SCM。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的天线模组，其中，所述第二辐射部包括第二连接点，所述第二连接点与所述天线模组的馈源电连接；
    或者，所述第一辐射部包括第三连接点，所述第三连接点与所述馈源电连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线模组，其中，第一距离和第二距离均位于预设范围内，所述第一距离为所述第一连接点与所述第一辐射体的中点之间的距离，所述第二距离为所述第二连接点与所述第一辐射体的中点之间的距离。
  6. 根据权利要求2或3所述的天线模组，其中，所述第一辐射部的长度为L1,所述第二辐射部的长度为L2，所述第二辐射体的长度为L3，满足L3＞L1＞(L2+L3)/2。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的天线模组，其中，所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部上的分布电流同向，所述线天线处于差模模式WDM；
    所述第二辐射体和所述第二辐射部上的分布电流同向，所述第一槽天线处于共模模式SCM。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线模组，其中，所述第二辐射部或者所述第一辐射部与所述天线模组的馈源电连接。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的天线模组，其中，所述第一辐射部的长度为L1,所述第二辐射部的长度为L2,所述第二辐射体的长度为L3，(L1+L2)/2与L3的差值小于或等于预设差值。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的天线模组，其中，所述天线模组还包括第三辐射体，所述第一辐射部位于所述第三辐射体和所述第二辐射部之间，且所述第三辐射体与 所述第一辐射部之间具有间隙，所述第三辐射体与所述第一辐射部耦合连接，且构成第二槽天线。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的天线模组，其中，所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部上的分布电流同向，所述线天线处于差模模式WDM；
    所述第三辐射体和所述第一辐射部上的分布电流同向，所述第二槽天线处于共模模式SCM。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的天线模组，其中，所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部上的分布电流同向，所述线天线处于差模模式WDM；
    所述第三辐射体和所述第一辐射部上的分布电流同向，所述第二槽天线处于差模模式SDM。
  13. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的天线模组，其中，所述第二辐射体通过第一调谐开关接地。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的天线模组，其中，所述第二辐射体通过第一调谐开关接地，所述第三辐射体通过第二调谐开关接地。
  15. 一种电子设备，其中，包括权利要求1至14中任一项所述的天线模组。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电子设备，其中，所述电子设备还包括框体，所述框体包括第一框体部和第二框体部，所述第一框体部和所述第二框体部相互连接且垂直，所述第一辐射部位于所述第一框体部上，所述第二辐射部和所述第二辐射体均位于所述第二框体部上。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电子设备，其中，在所述天线模组还包括第三辐射体的情况下，所述第三辐射体位于所述第一框体部上。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的电子设备，其中，所述电子设备还包括框体，所述框体包括第一框体部和第二框体部，所述第一框体部和所述第二框体部相互连接且垂直，所述第一辐射部、所述第二辐射部和所述第二辐射体均位于所述第一框体部上，或者，所述第一辐射部、所述第二辐射部和所述第二辐射体均位于所述第二框体部上。
PCT/CN2024/100859 2023-06-28 2024-06-24 天线模组和电子设备 Ceased WO2025002029A1 (zh)

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