WO2024259976A1 - 电池模组、电池单体、顶盖组件及其加工方法 - Google Patents

电池模组、电池单体、顶盖组件及其加工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024259976A1
WO2024259976A1 PCT/CN2024/073659 CN2024073659W WO2024259976A1 WO 2024259976 A1 WO2024259976 A1 WO 2024259976A1 CN 2024073659 W CN2024073659 W CN 2024073659W WO 2024259976 A1 WO2024259976 A1 WO 2024259976A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
top cover
cover plate
pole
dense coating
upper plastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/073659
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡岳霖
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co Ltd
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Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2024259976A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024259976A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
    • H01M50/197—Sealing members characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/005—Devices for making primary cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery processing technology, and in particular to a battery module, a battery cell, a top cover assembly and a processing method thereof.
  • the battery packaging is achieved by assembling and connecting the top cover assembly with the shell.
  • the top cover assembly is generally composed of top cover plate, pole, upper plastic, sealing ring and other components.
  • the insulation between the pole and the top cover plate is achieved by isolation of the upper plastic, and the internal and external sealing of the battery is achieved by the sealing ring.
  • the sealing ring In the current production process of top cover assemblies, it is necessary to install a sealing ring separately at the pole, which will affect the assembly efficiency of the top cover assembly to a certain extent.
  • the sealing ring is prone to be installed crookedly at the pole, which in turn causes leakage and poses a major safety hazard.
  • the sealing ring is usually made of rubber, which is prone to aging after a period of use, resulting in the sealing not meeting the requirements.
  • a top cover assembly comprising:
  • top cover plate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and a pole hole penetrating through the first surface and the second surface;
  • a pole comprising a chassis portion and a column portion connected to each other, the chassis portion being located on the side where the second surface of the top cover plate is located, the column portion being passed through the pole hole, and the column portion comprising a column end face disposed away from the chassis portion;
  • the upper plastic comprises a main body, a first extension and a second extension connected in sequence, the main body is located on the side where the first surface of the top cover plate is located and is arranged in contact with the circumferential side wall of the column part, the first extension is located between the column part and the hole wall of the pole hole and is arranged in contact with the column part and the hole wall of the pole hole, the second extension is located between the bottom plate and the second surface of the top cover plate and is arranged in contact with the bottom plate and the second surface of the top cover plate; the main body comprises a first connection surface arranged away from the first surface, and a second connection surface arranged away from the column part;
  • the end surface of the column and the first connecting surface are coated with a first dense coating
  • the first surface and the second connecting surface are coated with a second dense coating
  • the column part of the pole is inserted into the pole hole of the top cover plate, and then the top cover plate and the pole are pre-assembled and fixed by using a mold, and then the plastic is formed between the top cover plate and the pole by injection molding, and the assembly and connection operation of the top cover assembly can be completed. Since the sealing ring does not need to be installed during the injection molding process, the assembly steps and processes are saved, and the assembly efficiency of the top cover assembly is improved; in addition, after assembly and molding, the first extension part of the upper plastic is located between the column part and the hole wall of the pole hole and fits the column part and the pole.
  • the hole wall of the hole, the second extension part is located between the bottom plate and the second surface of the top cover plate and fits the bottom plate and the second surface of the top cover plate, so that the upper plastic, the top cover plate and the pole are tightly combined, and then the first dense coating is coated on the end face of the pole and the first connecting surface to form a first dense coating, and the first surface and the second connecting surface are coated to form a second dense coating.
  • the first dense coating and the second dense coating can obtain a dense coating structure with uniform texture, stable performance and strong adhesion, and can achieve the joint between the end face of the pole and the first connecting surface and the first surface and the second
  • the joints of the connection surfaces are reliably sealed.
  • the traditional sealing ring can be omitted, the leakage problem caused by the sealing ring being distorted or aged can be eliminated, and the top cover assembly can be ensured to be safe and reliable in use.
  • a battery cell the battery cell being installed in the installation cavity
  • the first dense coating spraying process is completed on the connection between the pre-treated pole and the upper plastic
  • the second dense coating spraying process is completed on the connection between the upper plastic and the top cover plate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a top cover assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the structure of FIG. 1 .
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the A-A position in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged structural diagram of point B in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the steps of the method for processing the top cover assembly in the present application.
  • 100 top cover assembly; 10: top cover plate; 11: first surface; 111: second boss; 12: second surface; 13: pole hole; 20: pole; 21: chassis; 22: column; 221: column end face; 222: first groove; 30: upper plastic; 31: main body; 311: first connecting surface; 312: second connecting surface; 32: first extension; 33: second extension; 34: first contact surface; 341: first boss; 35: second contact surface; 351: second groove; 40: first dense coating; 50: second dense coating; 60: lower plastic; 61: third extension.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number or order of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
  • the battery module usually includes at least one single cell, and the single cell is provided with an electrode assembly to achieve cyclic charging and discharging.
  • a center hole is formed in the middle of the electrode assembly after winding.
  • the pole pieces of the electrode assembly tend to expand and generate a squeezing force toward the center hole, thereby causing the center hole to collapse.
  • the center hole of the electrode assembly will also collapse.
  • the battery module mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery module mentioned in the present application may include a battery cell or a battery pack.
  • the battery module generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells, and the box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell may include a lithium-ion secondary battery, a lithium-ion primary battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, etc., which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical batteries, square batteries and soft-pack batteries.
  • the battery cell described in this application adopts a square battery, which specifically includes a shell, a battery cell and a top cover assembly 100.
  • the shell has a mounting cavity and an inlet and outlet that are connected; the battery cell is installed in the mounting cavity; the top cover assembly 100 is sealed and covers the inlet and outlet, and the pole 20 is electrically connected to the battery cell.
  • the current generated by the battery cell can be output through the pole 20.
  • the battery cell (also called electrode assembly, bare battery cell) is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as a positive electrode ear.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide, etc.
  • the negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon, etc. In order to ensure that a large current passes without melting, the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the diaphragm may be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), etc.
  • the battery core may be a winding structure or a stacked structure, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • a top cover assembly 100 is shown according to an embodiment of the present application, which includes a top cover plate 10 , a pole 20 , an upper plastic 30 , a first dense coating 40 and a second dense coating 50 .
  • the top cover plate 10 includes a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 facing each other, and a pole hole 13 penetrating the first surface 11 and the second surface 12;
  • the pole 20 includes a bottom plate portion 21 and a column portion 22 connected to each other, the bottom plate portion 21 is located on the side where the second surface 12 of the top cover plate 10 is located, the column portion 22 is penetrated through the pole hole 13, and the column portion 22 includes a column end face 221 disposed away from the bottom plate portion 21;
  • the upper plastic 30 includes a main body portion 31, a first extension portion 31 connected in sequence, 2 and a second extension portion 33, the main body 31 is located on the side where the first surface 11 of the top cover plate 10 is located and is arranged in abutment with the circumferential side wall of the column portion 22, the first extension portion 32 is located between the column portion 22 and the hole wall of the pole hole 13 and is in abutment with the hole wall of the column portion 22 and the pole hole 13, the second extension portion 33 is located between the bottom plate portion 21 and
  • the first dense coating 40 is coated on the column end surface 221 and the first connecting surface 311
  • the second dense coating 50 is coated on the first surface 11 and the second connecting surface 312 .
  • the first dense coating 40 and the second dense coating 50 are formed by curing after spraying of nano insulating materials.
  • the nano insulating materials used can be acrylic-based two-component anti-corrosion coatings. They are suitable for heat-insulating and non-heat-insulating surfaces that work continuously in the temperature range of -196°C to 200°C.
  • nano insulating materials when the material reaches the nanoscale, which is about 0.1 nanometers to 100 nanometers, the performance of the material will mutate and special properties will appear. Since nano materials have surface effects, volume effects, quantum size effects, macroscopic quantum tunneling effects and other characteristics, various functional coatings can be prepared after they are used in coatings. Adding nano insulating materials to the coating can form a dense coating with a high volume resistivity on the surface of the coated object, thereby improving the comprehensive insulation performance of the product.
  • a second nanopore structure is formed on both the first surface 11 and the second connection surface 312 , and the second nanopore structure is filled and combined with the second dense coating 50 .
  • the present application also provides a processing method for manufacturing the top cover assembly 100 as described in any of the above embodiments, which includes the following steps:
  • the above-mentioned injection molding process can be completed by using existing injection molding equipment.
  • Various parameters of the injection molding process can be flexibly set according to the material characteristics of the upper plastic 30, so they are not described in detail here.
  • S200 The assembly of the top cover plate 10, the pole 20 and the upper plastic 30 is subjected to alkaline washing, acid washing, T treatment and cleaning and drying processes in sequence to complete pretreatment.
  • alkaline washing is to soak the assembly (i.e., the assembly of the top cover plate 10, the pole 20, and the upper plastic 30, the same below) in an alkaline liquid (such as sodium hydroxide solution, etc.) to remove the grease attached to the surface of the assembly; pickling is to soak the assembly in an acidic liquid (such as hydrochloric acid, etc.) to remove the metal oxide layer on the surface of the assembly and form an activation effect at the same time, so that larger nanopores can be corroded on the surface of the assembly.
  • the acidic liquid can also neutralize the alkaline liquid remaining after the previous alkaline washing treatment, so that the assembly is in a neutral state.
  • T treatment refers to soaking the assembly in a T treatment agent (weakly acidic) to form larger nanopores on the surface of the assembly into smaller nanopores.
  • Cleaning and drying is to soak the assembly in clean water to remove excess T treatment agent, while ensuring that the nanopores are filled with T treatment agent, emptying the air, and then drying the assembly to remove residual moisture.
  • the assembly of the top cover plate 10, the pole 20 and the upper plastic 30 is loaded onto the spraying line.
  • the loading step can be completed manually, by automatic transport equipment or automatic transport line. Make flexible choices based on actual needs.
  • the spraying line conveys the assembly of the top cover plate 10 , the pole 20 and the upper plastic 30 to the surface treatment station, and performs pre-treatment and cleaning processes on the assembly of the top cover plate 10 , the pole 20 and the upper plastic 30 in sequence.
  • the pre-treatment specifically uses the emulsification principle of alkaline solution, and hydrolyzes the alkali solution to produce a large number of OH- ions.
  • the OH- ions combine with the polar molecules of oil pollution and wrap up the polar molecules of oil pollution, so as to achieve the purpose of removing oil pollution on the surface of the assembly; then the acid solution is used for immersion treatment to form nano-scale holes on the surface of the assembly.
  • Cleaning is to use ultrasonic cleaning equipment to further clean the assembly surface to make the assembly surface cleaner, so as to ensure that the nano-insulating material is easier to firmly adhere to the assembly surface in the next spraying process.
  • the spraying line continues to transport the assembly of the top cover plate 10, the pole 20 and the upper plastic 30 to the spraying station, and the spraying equipment automatically completes the spraying of the first dense coating 40 at the connection between the pole 20 and the upper plastic 30, and completes the spraying of the second dense coating 50 at the connection between the upper plastic 30 and the top cover plate 10.
  • the first dense coating layer 40 and the second dense coating layer 50 are subjected to a drying process.
  • the assembly is sent into an oven, the baking temperature is set to 200° C., and the baking is performed for 5 seconds to allow the first dense coating 40 and the second dense coating 50 to be cured and attached.
  • a final packaging step which is to use protective packaging materials to package the top cover assembly 100 to prevent bumps during transportation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池模组、电池单体、顶盖组件(100)及其加工方法，包括顶盖板(10)；极柱(20)，所述极柱(20)装设于所述顶盖板(10)；上塑胶(30)，所述上塑胶(30)套设于所述极柱(20)的外部，且所述上塑胶(30)与所述顶盖板(10)连接；以及第一致密涂层(40)和第二致密涂层(50)，所述第一致密涂层(40)密封覆设于所述极柱(20)与所述上塑胶(130)的连接处，所述第二致密涂层(50)密封覆设于所述上塑胶(30)与所述顶盖板(10)的连接处。

Description

电池模组、电池单体、顶盖组件及其加工方法
本申请要求于2023年06月21日提交中国专利局、申请号为2023107426663、申请名称为“电池模组、电池单体、顶盖组件及其加工方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池加工技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池模组、电池单体、顶盖组件及其加工方法。
背景技术
动力电池制造中，通过顶盖组件与壳体装配连接从而实现电池封装。其中顶盖组件一般由顶盖板、极柱、上塑胶、密封圈等部件构成，极柱与顶盖板之间的绝缘通过上塑胶来隔离实现，电池的内部与外部密封则利用密封圈来实现。
在目前顶盖组件生产过程中，需要在极柱处单独安装密封圈，会一定程度影响顶盖组件的装配效率，另外密封圈还容易在极柱处出现装歪的情况，进而造成漏液问题，存在较大的安全隐患；此外，密封圈通常为橡胶材质，使用一段时间后容易出现老化现象，导致密封性达不到要求。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对装配效率低，密封性达不到要求，存在漏液安全隐患的问题，提供一种电池模组、电池单体、顶盖组件及其加工方法。
其技术方案如下：
本申请的第一方面，提供了一种顶盖组件，其包括：
顶盖板，所述顶盖板包括相背的第一表面和第二表面，以及贯穿所述第一表面和所述第二表面的极柱孔；
极柱，所述极柱包括相连的底盘部和柱体部，所述底盘部位于所述顶盖板的第二表面所在一侧，所述柱体部穿设于所述极柱孔，所述柱体部包括远离所述底盘部设置的柱体端面；以及
上塑胶，所述上塑胶包括依次连接的主体部、第一延伸部和第二延伸部，所述主体部位于所述顶盖板的第一表面所在一侧且贴合所述柱体部的周向侧壁设置，所述第一延伸部位于所述柱体部和所述极柱孔的孔壁之间且贴合所述柱体部和所述极柱孔的孔壁，所述第二延伸部位于所述底盘部和所述顶盖板的第二表面之间且贴合所述底盘部和所述顶盖板的第二表面；所述主体部包括远离所述第一表面设置的第一连接面，及远离所述柱体部设置的第二连接面；
其中，所述柱体端面与所述第一连接面上涂覆有第一致密涂层，所述第一表面与所述第二连接面上涂覆有第二致密涂层。
上述方案的顶盖组件制造时，将极柱的柱体部穿入顶盖板的极柱孔内，紧接着采用模具将顶盖板与极柱进行预装配固定，之后再通过注塑工艺在顶盖板与极柱之间成型上塑胶，即可完成顶盖组件装配连接作业，由于注塑过程中不需要再安装密封圈，从而节省了装配步骤工序，提高了顶盖组件的装配效率；此外，装配成型后，上塑胶的第一延伸部位于柱体部和极柱孔的孔壁之间且贴合柱体部和极柱孔的孔壁，第二延伸部位于底盘部和顶盖板的第二表面之间且贴合底盘部和顶盖板的第二表面，能使上塑胶、顶盖板与极柱三者结合紧密，之后再在柱体端面和第一连接面上涂覆形成第一致密涂层，以及在第一表面和第二连接面上涂覆形成第二致密涂层，第一致密涂层和第二致密涂层能获得质地均匀、性能稳定且附着性强的致密涂层结构，能实现对柱体端面与第一连接面的接缝处和第一表面与第二 连接面的接缝处可靠密封。如此一来，相较于现有技术而言能够省去传统的密封圈，消除密封圈因装歪、老化等引起的泄漏问题，保证顶盖组件使用安全可靠。
本申请的第二方面，还提供一种电池单体，其包括：
壳体，所述壳体具有相连通的安装腔和进出口；
电芯，所述电芯装设于所述安装腔内；以及，
如上所述的顶盖组件，所述顶盖组件密封盖合于所述进出口，且所述极柱与所述电芯电连接。
本申请的第三方面，还提供一种电池模组，其包括如上所述的电池单体。
本申请的第四方面，还提供一种制造如上所述的顶盖组件的加工方法，其包括如下步骤：
将顶盖板与极柱完成装配后，再通过注塑工艺使上塑胶成型于极柱与顶盖板之间；
将顶盖板、极柱和上塑胶的装配体依次进行碱洗、酸洗、T处理和清洁干燥工艺完成预处理；
对预处理后的极柱和上塑胶的连接处完成第一致密涂层喷涂加工，以及对上塑胶和顶盖板的连接处完成第二致密涂层喷涂加工。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更好地描述和说明本申请的实施例和/或示例，可以参考一幅或多幅附图。用于描述附图的附加细节或示例不应当被认为是对所公开的申请、目前描述的实施例和/或示例以及目前理解的这些申请的最佳模式中的任何 一者的范围的限制。
图1为本申请一实施例所述的顶盖组件的结构示意图。
图2为图1的俯视结构图。
图3为图2中A-A处的剖面结构图。
图4为图3中B处的局部放大结构图。
图5为本申请中顶盖组件的加工方法的步骤流程图。
附图标记说明：
100：顶盖组件；10：顶盖板；11：第一表面；111：第二凸柱；12：第
二表面；13：极柱孔；20：极柱；21：底盘部；22：柱体部；221：柱体端面；222：第一凹槽；30：上塑胶；31：主体部；311：第一连接面；312：第二连接面；32：第一延伸部；33：第二延伸部；34：第一接触面；341：第一凸柱；35：第二接触面；351：第二凹槽；40：第一致密涂层；50：第二致密涂层；60：下塑胶；61：第三延伸部。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请，下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的较佳实施例。但是，本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。应该理解，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本申请的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或顺序。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的 技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
电动汽车等用电设备上配备电池模组进行供电，电池模组通常包括至少一个单体电池，而单体电池设置有电极组件，以实现循环式的充放电。
电极组件在卷绕后中部形成中心孔，在电极组件充放电的过程中，电极组件的极片容易膨胀并产生朝向中心孔方向的挤压作用力，进而导致中心孔塌陷；同时，若电池受到外力的挤压时，也会导致电极组件的中心孔塌陷。
现如今，诸如新能源汽车等用电设备大多采用动力电池作为动力源，且为了满足长续航和更高的动力性能，动力电池常以电池模组的形式存在。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池模块是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池模块可以包括电池单体或电池包等。电池模组一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体，箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：圆柱电池、方形电池和软包电池。
例如，本申请所述的电池单体采用方形电池，其具体包括壳体、电芯以及顶盖组件100。壳体具有相连通的安装腔和进出口；电芯装设于安装腔内；顶盖组件100密封盖合于进出口，且极柱20与电芯电连接。工作时，电芯产生的电流能经由极柱20输出。
其中，电芯(也叫电极组件、裸电芯)由正极极片、负极极片和隔膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。 正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。
以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的正极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。
隔膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电芯可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
参阅图1至图3，为本申请一实施例展示的一种顶盖组件100，其包括顶盖板10、极柱20、上塑胶30、第一致密涂层40和第二致密涂层50。
顶盖板10包括相背的第一表面11和第二表面12，以及贯穿第一表面11和第二表面12的极柱孔13；极柱20包括相连的底盘部21和柱体部22，底盘部21位于顶盖板10的第二表面12所在一侧，柱体部22穿设于极柱孔13，柱体部22包括远离底盘部21设置的柱体端面221；上塑胶30包括依次连接的主体部31、第一延伸部32和第二延伸部33，主体部31位于顶盖板10的第一表面11所在一侧且贴合柱体部22的周向侧壁设置，第一延伸部32位于柱体部22和极柱孔13的孔壁之间且贴合柱体部22和极柱孔13的孔壁，第二延伸部33位于底盘部21和顶盖板10的第二表面12之间且贴合底盘部21和顶盖板10的第二表面12；主体部31包括远离第一表面 11设置的第一连接面311，及远离柱体部22设置的第二连接面312。
其中，柱体端面221与第一连接面311上涂覆有第一致密涂层40，第一表面11与第二连接面312上涂覆有第二致密涂层50。
本实施例中，第一致密涂层40和第二致密涂层50为纳米绝缘材料经喷涂后固化而成型。所用到的纳米绝缘材料具体可以是基于丙烯酸基的双组分防腐涂料。适合用于温度范围为零下196℃至200℃持续工作的保温和不保温表面。
有必要说明的是，纳米绝缘材料(涂层)的密封技术原理为：当物质达到纳米尺度以后，大约是在0.1纳米-100纳米这个范围时，物质的性能就会发生突变，出现特殊性能。由于纳米材料具有表面效应、体积效应、量子尺寸效应、宏观量子隧道效应等特性，将其用于涂料中后，可以制备各种功能涂料。在涂料中添加纳米绝缘材料，可在被涂装物的表面形成一层具有较高体积电阻率的致密涂层，提高制品的综合绝缘性能。成熟的纳米材料涂装后分散更均匀稳定，纳米微观颗粒间结合界面处理高效稳定，确保纳米复合材料涂层与基材结合强度更好性能更优异稳定。纳米复合材料呈现良好的微纳结构，纳米颗粒完好包裹微米颗粒，微米颗粒间隙被纳米颗粒填充而形成致密涂层。纳米颗粒渗透填充修复基材表面，形成大量稳定的绝缘中间相。这些特性构成了能对极柱20与上塑胶30、上塑胶30与顶盖板10的连接处(也即连接缝实现密封)的必要基础条件。
综上，实施本实施例技术方案将具有如下有益效果：将极柱20的柱体部22穿入顶盖板10的极柱孔13内，紧接着采用模具将顶盖板10与极柱20进行预装配固定，之后再通过注塑工艺在顶盖板10与极柱20之间成型上塑胶30，即可完成顶盖组件100装配连接作业，由于注塑过程中不需要再安装密封圈，从而节省了装配步骤工序，提高了顶盖组件100的装配效率；此外，装配成型后，上塑胶30的第一延伸部32位于柱体部22和极柱孔13的孔壁之间且贴合柱体部22和极柱孔13的孔壁，第二延伸部33位 于底盘部21和顶盖板10的第二表面12之间且贴合底盘部21和顶盖板10的第二表面12，能使上塑胶30、顶盖板10与极柱20三者结合紧密，之后再在柱体端面221和第一连接面311上涂覆形成第一致密涂层40，以及在第一表面11和第二连接面12上涂覆形成第二致密涂层50，第一致密涂层40和第二致密涂层50能获得质地均匀、性能稳定且附着性强的致密涂层结构，能实现对柱体端面221与第一连接面11的接缝处和第一表面11与第二连接面312的接缝处可靠密封。如此一来，相较于现有技术而言能够省去传统的密封圈，消除密封圈因装歪、老化等引起的泄漏问题，保证顶盖组件100使用安全可靠。
在上述实施例的基础上，上塑胶30通过注塑工艺成型于极柱20以及顶盖板10之间；且第一致密涂层40和第二致密涂层50均形成于顶盖组件100的外观面上。上塑胶30同时与极柱20和顶盖板10通过注塑工艺一体成型，制造工艺简单，结构一体性好，且在后续喷涂加工时，能够直接将顶盖组件100的外观面作为加工对象，也即能直接将纳米绝缘材料喷涂于极柱20与上塑胶30以及上塑胶30与顶盖板10的连接处表面位置，使得第一致密涂层40和第二致密涂层50的涂覆方式更加简单、直接且高效，同时也可容易控制第一致密涂层40和第二致密涂层50的厚度、宽度等参数尺寸，以保证涂层质量。
此外，采用上塑胶30注塑成型工艺与极柱20以及顶盖板10一体连接，由于塑料与金属的结合性较差，导致连接处的密封性较差，而喷涂并覆盖于连接处的第一致密涂层40和第二致密涂层50由于能形成附着性强的致密涂层结构，便能够很好的对连接处形成可靠密封。
请继续参阅图3和图4，顶盖组件100还包括下塑胶60，下塑胶60位于顶盖板10的第二表面12所在一侧，下塑胶60包括第三延伸部61，第三延伸部61位于底盘部21和顶盖板10的第二表面12之间且贴合底盘部21和顶盖板10的第二表面21，第三延伸部61的端面与第二延伸部33的端面 接触。实际装配时，下塑胶60为预先注塑成型的独立结构件，为直接装配至顶盖板10上，此时通过底盘部21和顶盖板10的第二表面21能将第二延伸部33装夹固定，从而提高下塑胶60安装稳定性；进一步地，第三延伸部61与第二延伸部33的端面接触并抵紧，能消除装配间隙，提高上塑胶30与下塑胶60的结合精密度，从而提升密封性能。
请继续参阅图4，此外，在上述任一实施例的基础上，主体部31和/或第一延伸部32包括面向柱体部22的第一接触面34，第一接触面34与柱体部22的周向侧壁的其中之一设有第一凹槽222，第一接触面34与柱体部22的周向侧壁的其中另一设有第一凸柱341，第一凸柱341插置于第一凹槽222内。采用第一凸柱341插置在第一凹槽222内，能增加上塑胶30与极柱20的结合面积，并借助所形成的卡合力从而能提升上塑胶30与极柱20的装配强度。
进一步地，主体部31包括背离第一连接面311设置的第二接触面35，第二接触面35与第一表面11的其中之一设有第二凹槽351，第二接触面35与第一表面11的其中另一设有第二凸柱111，第二凸柱111插置于第二凹槽351内。同理，采用第二凸柱111插置在第二凹槽351内，能增加上塑胶30与顶盖板10的结合面积，并借助所形成的卡合力从而能提升上塑胶30与顶盖板10的装配强度。
请继续参阅图4，此外，在一些实施例中，柱体端面21和第一连接面31均形成有第一纳米孔洞结构，第一纳米孔洞结构与第一致密涂层40填充结合。
进一步地，第一表面11与第二连接面312均形成有第二纳米孔洞结构，第二纳米孔洞结构与第二致密涂层50填充结合。
以第一致密涂层40与第一纳米孔洞结构连接为例，当向柱体端面21和第一连接面31上喷涂纳米绝缘材料时，部分的纳米绝缘材料能够流动进入第一纳米孔洞结构中，从而增加了第一致密涂层40与极柱20以及上塑 胶30的结合面积，进而能够加强第一致密涂层40与极柱20以及上塑胶30的连接强度和可靠性，第一致密涂层40抗冲击、防脱落性能大大提升，附着性稳定可靠。
第二致密涂层50与第二纳米孔洞结构所能获得的技术效果与上述基本相同，故而在此不作赘述。
此外，在上述任一实施例的基础上，所述第一致密涂层40的厚度H1范围均为：0.04mm～0.3mm；所述第一致密涂层40呈环状结构，所述第一致密涂层40的宽度D1范围为：3mm～9mm。本实施例中，极柱20为圆柱体，上塑胶30为环状结构而套装在极柱20的外周，上塑胶30与极柱20之间形成有环形连接缝，该环形连接缝位于极柱20与上塑胶30的连接处。第一致密涂层40需完全覆盖在该环形连接缝上。且在上述尺寸范围设计下，能使第一致密涂层40与极柱20和上塑胶30均形成足够的结合面积，防止因连接不牢固而出现泄漏问题，并保证第一致密涂层40的强度。
请继续参阅图4，进一步地，第二致密涂层50的厚度H2范围均为：0.04mm～0.3mm；第二致密涂层50包括与上塑胶30的主体部31结合的第一涂层部分，以及与顶盖板10的第一表面11结合的第二涂层部分，第一涂层部分的高度D2范围为：1mm～2.5mm，第二涂层部分的宽度D3范围为：1.5mm～6.5mm。
本实施例中，上塑胶30为方形柱体，其注塑成型后位于顶盖板10的表面上，因而上塑胶30与顶盖板10的连接处便形成环形连接缝。第二致密涂层50需要覆盖上塑胶30的圆周面的局部或者全部，以及同时覆盖顶盖板10上临近该环形连接缝的部分，这使得第二致密涂层50形成为环状结构，且单边截面为L型。此时第二致密涂层50的竖直部分为第一涂层部分，水平部分为第二涂层部分，在上述尺寸范围设计下，能使第二致密涂层50与上塑胶30和顶盖板10均足够的结合面积，防止因连接不牢固而出现泄漏问题，同时保证第二致密涂层50的强度。
请继续参阅图5，综上之外，本申请还提供一种制造如上任一实施例所述的顶盖组件100的加工方法，其包括如下步骤：
S100：将顶盖板10与极柱20完成装配后，再通过注塑工艺使上塑胶30成型于极柱20与顶盖板10之间。
上述的注塑加工可采用现有的注塑设备完成，注塑加工的各项参数可根据上塑胶30的材质特性进行灵活设定，故在此不作赘述。
S200：将顶盖板10、极柱20和上塑胶30的装配体依次进行碱洗、酸洗、T处理和清洁干燥工艺完成预处理。
具体而言，碱洗是使用碱性液体(如氢氧化钠溶液等)对装配体(即对顶盖板10、极柱20和上塑胶30的装配体的简称，下同)进行浸泡，以把装配体表面附着的油脂去除；酸洗是使用酸性液体(如盐酸等)对装配体浸泡，以把装配体表面的金属氧化层去除，同时形成活化效果，以便能在装配体的表面腐蚀出较大尺寸的纳米孔洞，此外酸性液体还可以中和掉前一步碱洗处理之后残留的碱性液体，使装配体处于中性状态。T处理是指使用T处理剂(呈弱酸性)对装配体进行浸泡，使装配体表面上较大尺寸的纳米孔洞进行形成为较小尺寸的纳米孔洞。清洁干燥则是将装配体浸泡于清水中以将多余的T处理剂去除，同时保证纳米孔洞中填满T处理剂，排空空气，之后对装配体进行烘干干燥，去除残留水分。
S300：对预处理后的极柱20和上塑胶30的连接处完成第一致密涂层40喷涂加工，以及对上塑胶30和顶盖板10的连接处完成第二致密涂层50喷涂加工。
进一步地，对预处理后的极柱20和上塑胶30的连接处完成第一致密涂层40喷涂加工，以及对上塑胶30和顶盖板10的连接处完成第二致密涂层50喷涂加工的具体步骤如下：
将顶盖板10、极柱20和上塑胶30的装配体上料至喷涂线。
该上料步骤可通过人工、自动运输设备或自动运输线完成，具体可根 据实际需要进行灵活选择。
喷涂线输送顶盖板10、极柱20和上塑胶30的装配体至表面处理工位，对顶盖板10、极柱20和上塑胶30的装配体依次完成前处理和清洗工序。
前处理具体是采用碱性溶液的乳化原理，通过碱融水后水解产生大量OH-离子，OH-离子与油污极性分子结合，将油污极性分子包裹起来，达到去除装配体表面油污的目的；之后再利用酸性溶液浸泡处理以在装配体的表面形成纳米级孔洞。清洗则是利用超声波清洗设备对装配体作进一步清洗，使装配体表面更加洁净，保证下一道喷涂工序时纳米绝缘材料更容易牢固附着在装配体表面。
喷涂线继续输送顶盖板10、极柱20和上塑胶30的装配体至喷涂工位，喷涂设备自动完成极柱20和上塑胶30的连接处的第一致密涂层40喷涂，以及完成上塑胶30与顶盖板10的连接处的第二致密涂层50喷涂。
对第一致密涂层40和第二致密涂层50进行烘干处理。
例如，将装配体送入烘箱，烘烤温度设置为200℃，烘烤5s，以使第一致密涂层40和第二致密涂层50固化附着。
实际生产中，还包括最后一步的包装工序，也即采用防护包装材料对顶盖组件100进行包装，防止运输途中发生磕碰。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准，说明书及附图可以用于解释权利要求的内容。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种顶盖组件，包括：
    顶盖板，所述顶盖板包括相背的第一表面和第二表面，以及贯穿所述第一表面和所述第二表面的极柱孔；
    极柱，所述极柱包括相连的底盘部和柱体部，所述底盘部位于所述顶盖板的第二表面所在一侧，所述柱体部穿设于所述极柱孔，所述柱体部包括远离所述底盘部设置的柱体端面；以及
    上塑胶，所述上塑胶包括依次连接的主体部、第一延伸部和第二延伸部，所述主体部位于所述顶盖板的第一表面所在一侧且贴合所述柱体部的周向侧壁设置，所述第一延伸部位于所述柱体部和所述极柱孔的孔壁之间且贴合所述柱体部和所述极柱孔的孔壁，所述第二延伸部位于所述底盘部和所述顶盖板的第二表面之间且贴合所述底盘部和所述顶盖板的第二表面；所述主体部包括远离所述第一表面设置的第一连接面，及远离所述柱体部设置的第二连接面；
    其中，所述柱体端面与所述第一连接面上涂覆有第一致密涂层，所述第一表面与所述第二连接面上涂覆有第二致密涂层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述主体部和/或所述第一延伸部包括面向所述柱体部的第一接触面，所述第一接触面与所述柱体部的周向侧壁的其中之一设有第一凹槽，所述第一接触面与所述柱体部的周向侧壁的其中另一设有第一凸柱，所述第一凸柱插置于所述第一凹槽内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述主体部包括背离所述第一连接面设置的第二接触面，所述第二接触面与所述第一表面的其中之一设有第二凹槽，所述第二接触面与所述第一表面的其中另一设有第二凸柱，所述第二凸柱插置于所述第二凹槽内。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述顶盖组件还包括下塑胶，所述下塑胶位于所述顶盖板的第二表面所在一侧，所述下塑胶包括第三延伸 部，所述第三延伸部位于所述底盘部和所述顶盖板的第二表面之间且贴合所述底盘部和所述顶盖板的第二表面，所述第三延伸部的端面与所述第二延伸部的端面接触。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述上塑胶通过注塑工艺成型于所述顶盖板与所述极柱之间；
    所述第一致密涂层和所述第二致密涂层均形成于所述顶盖组件的外观面上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述柱体端面和所述第一连接面均形成有第一纳米孔洞结构，所述第一纳米孔洞结构与所述第一致密涂层填充结合；和/或，
    所述第一表面与所述第二连接面均形成有第二纳米孔洞结构，所述第二纳米孔洞结构与所述第二致密涂层填充结合。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述第一致密涂层的厚度范围为：0.04mm～0.3mm；
    所述第一致密涂层呈环状结构，所述第一致密涂层的宽度范围为：3mm～9mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件，其中，所述第二致密涂层的厚度范围为：0.04mm～0.3mm；
    所述第二致密涂层包括与所述上塑胶的主体部结合的第一涂层部分，以及与所述顶盖板的第一表面结合的第二涂层部分，所述第一涂层部分的高度范围为：1mm～2.5mm，所述第二涂层部分的宽度范围为：1.5mm～6.5mm。
  9. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体具有相连通的安装腔和进出口；
    电芯，所述电芯装设于所述安装腔内；以及，
    如权利要求1至8任一项所述的顶盖组件，所述顶盖组件密封盖合于所述进出口，且所述极柱与所述电芯电连接。
  10. 一种电池模组，包括如权利要求9所述的电池单体。
  11. 一种制造如权利要求1至10任一项所述的顶盖组件的加工方法，包 括如下步骤：
    将顶盖板与极柱完成装配后，再通过注塑工艺使上塑胶成型于极柱与顶盖板之间；
    将顶盖板、极柱和上塑胶的装配体依次进行碱洗、酸洗、T处理和清洁干燥工艺完成预处理；
    对预处理后的极柱和上塑胶的连接处完成第一致密涂层喷涂加工，以及对上塑胶和顶盖板的连接处完成第二致密涂层喷涂加工。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的顶盖组件的加工方法，其中，对预处理后的极柱和上塑胶的连接处完成第一致密涂层喷涂加工，以及对上塑胶和顶盖板的连接处完成第二致密涂层喷涂加工的具体步骤如下：
    将顶盖板、极柱和上塑胶的装配体上料至喷涂线；
    喷涂线输送顶盖板、极柱和上塑胶的装配体至表面处理工位，对顶盖板、极柱和上塑胶的装配体依次完成前处理和清洗工序；
    喷涂线继续输送顶盖板、极柱和上塑胶的装配体至喷涂工位，喷涂设备自动完成极柱和上塑胶的连接处的第一致密涂层喷涂，以及完成上塑胶与顶盖板的连接处的第二致密涂层喷涂；
    对第一致密涂层和第二致密涂层进行烘干处理。
PCT/CN2024/073659 2023-06-21 2024-01-23 电池模组、电池单体、顶盖组件及其加工方法 Ceased WO2024259976A1 (zh)

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