WO2024255080A1 - 一种液体泄漏监测装置 - Google Patents

一种液体泄漏监测装置 Download PDF

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WO2024255080A1
WO2024255080A1 PCT/CN2023/128668 CN2023128668W WO2024255080A1 WO 2024255080 A1 WO2024255080 A1 WO 2024255080A1 CN 2023128668 W CN2023128668 W CN 2023128668W WO 2024255080 A1 WO2024255080 A1 WO 2024255080A1
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piezoresistive
signal
piezoelectric
liquid
dual
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French (fr)
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王增梅
张维敏
杨冬静
梁适鸥
崔柯雯
冉千平
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/08—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring variation of an electric variable directly affected by the flow, e.g. by using dynamo-electric effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F22/00—Methods or apparatus for measuring volume of fluids or fluent solid material, not otherwise provided for
    • G01F22/02—Methods or apparatus for measuring volume of fluids or fluent solid material, not otherwise provided for involving measurement of pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a monitoring device, in particular to a liquid leakage monitoring device.
  • Subsea tunnels are important transportation projects that facilitate daily travel and promote regional economic development.
  • subsea tunnels serving in harsh environments face high water pressure, ocean current impact, and marine environmental corrosion.
  • Water seepage has become an important safety hazard that cannot be ignored in the construction of subsea tunnels.
  • infrastructure such as underground heat exchange stations, subway tunnels, and water supply and drainage pipeline projects
  • water seepage also poses a challenge to the durability of building structures.
  • the occurrence of water seepage is often accompanied by deformation and cracks in building materials, which is caused by process loopholes in engineering construction or external damage during long-term service.
  • water seepage will further accelerate the deterioration of buildings and reduce their service life. In severe cases, it will lead to extremely harmful disasters, including landslides and water gushing, which will seriously endanger the safety of people's lives and property of all parties.
  • CN114596694A discloses a dual-mode pressure sensing monitoring and alarm device for sensing tunnel water seepage. It uses dual-mode pressure sensing, which can simultaneously sense the mechanical information of both dynamic and static conditions, and realize the detection of a small amount of slow water seepage and the rapid response of high-frequency water leakage.
  • this technology cannot accurately detect the ultra-low frequency dripping frequency and the specific leakage amount at the initial stage of liquid leakage, and at the same time improves the perception accuracy through circuit design.
  • the present invention provides a liquid leakage monitoring device that can detect the ultra-low frequency dripping frequency and the specific leakage amount at the initial stage of liquid leakage.
  • the liquid leakage monitoring device described in the present invention includes a piezoelectric-resistive dual-mode sensor, a temperature sensor, an ion concentration sensor, a moisture sensing structure, a bracket and a detection circuit.
  • the moisture sensing structure includes a liquid-absorbing and swelling material and a liquid-absorbing layer.
  • the surface of the bracket is an inclined plane, and a first hollow and a second hollow are provided on the plane.
  • the liquid-absorbing and swelling material is filled in the first hollow.
  • the piezoelectric-resistive dual-mode sensor is arranged above the first hollow, and the liquid-absorbing layer is arranged below the first hollow and the second hollow.
  • the detection circuit is respectively connected to the piezoelectric-resistive dual-mode sensor, the temperature sensor, and the ion concentration sensor, and is used to calculate the liquid dripping frequency according to the piezoelectric signal of the piezoelectric-resistive dual-mode sensor, and calculate the liquid leakage amount after compensation by the temperature signal of the temperature sensor and the concentration signal of the ion concentration sensor according to the piezoresistance signal of the piezoelectric-resistive dual-mode sensor.
  • the detection circuit comprises:
  • a filtering and amplifying module connected to the piezoelectric signal output terminal of the piezo-piezoresistive dual-mode sensor, and used for filtering and amplifying the piezoelectric signal;
  • a first AD conversion module used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the signal output by the filtering and amplifying module
  • a voltage stabilization module used for stabilizing the signal output by the first AD conversion module to obtain a digital piezoelectric signal
  • a resistance-to-voltage conversion module connected to the piezoresistive signal output terminal of the piezoresistive-piezoresistive dual-mode sensor, and used for converting the piezoresistive signal in the form of current into a piezoresistive signal in the form of voltage;
  • the second AD conversion module is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the piezoresistive signal in the form of voltage to obtain a digital piezoresistive signal;
  • a microprocessor used for calculating the liquid dripping frequency according to a preset first algorithm based on the digital piezoelectric signal, and for calculating the liquid leakage amount according to a preset second algorithm based on the digital piezoresistive signal, the temperature signal and the concentration signal;
  • a transmission module used for transmitting the liquid dripping frequency and the liquid leakage amount
  • the power module is used to supply power to each module.
  • the resistance-to-voltage conversion module is specifically a Wheatstone bridge circuit composed of four resistors.
  • the first algorithm obtains the liquid dripping frequency by obtaining the interval time between two pulses of the digital piezoelectric signal.
  • the second algorithm is specifically a calculation formula obtained by fitting the digital piezoresistive signal, temperature signal, concentration signal and corresponding liquid leakage obtained by multiple measurements.
  • the piezo-piezoresistive dual-mode sensor includes a piezoresistive sensing layer, a piezoresistive electrode, a first piezoelectric substrate, a piezoelectric film, a piezoelectric electrode, a second piezoelectric substrate, a piezoresistive signal output end and a piezoelectric signal output end.
  • the piezoresistive sensing layer, the piezoresistive electrode, the first piezoelectric substrate, the piezoelectric film, the piezoelectric electrode and the second piezoelectric substrate are stacked in sequence, the piezoresistive signal output end is connected to the piezoresistive electrode, and the piezoelectric signal output end is connected to the piezoelectric electrode.
  • the bracket is a bracket formed of a high molecular polymer material.
  • the second hollow is located downhill from the first hollow.
  • the piezo-resistive dual-mode sensor and the liquid absorbing layer are fixed to the bracket by adhesive tape.
  • liquid-absorbing and swelling material is a micro-granular highly water-absorbent resin.
  • the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1.
  • the device is a relatively low-cost solution for monitoring tunnel water seepage.
  • the present invention makes full use of the advantages of dual-mode pressure sensors and designs a dual-path water flow structure based on slope constraints.
  • the piezoelectric part can make a pulse response to the falling water droplets, thereby distinguishing the frequency of water droplet leakage, while the piezoresistive part can sense different leakage amounts by virtue of the water-absorbing and swelling characteristics of the absorbent material.
  • the combination of the two can provide rich information for monitoring and analyzing complex water seepage scenarios. 3.
  • the present invention cooperates with a specially designed detection circuit to obtain the ultra-low frequency liquid dripping frequency based on the piezoelectric signal calculation, and also introduces a temperature sensor and the seepage ion concentration to simultaneously process the environmental signal and the piezoresistive signal, taking into account the influence of the environment and liquid ion concentration on the leakage amount, realizing the liquid leakage amount detection with environmental compensation function, and the detected liquid leakage amount result is more accurate.
  • the present invention can timely detect water seepage diseases in buildings such as undersea tunnels, and help analyze and judge the actual situation of water seepage problems.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid leakage monitoring device in a liquid leakage monitoring device provided by the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit of a detection circuit
  • FIG4 is a piezoresistive response of the piezo-piezoresistive dual-mode sensor of the present invention to different dripping frequencies
  • FIG5 is a piezoelectric response of the piezo-piezoresistive dual-mode sensor of the present invention to different dripping frequencies
  • FIG6 shows a comparative structure and its response to different leakage amounts and dripping speeds
  • FIG8 is a relative current variation curve of the piezo-piezoresistive dual-mode sensor of the present invention for each 0.3 mL leakage of seawater;
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-low frequency dripping frequency detection circuit portion of the detection circuit of the present invention.
  • This embodiment provides a liquid leakage monitoring device, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, including a piezo-resistance dual-mode sensor 1, a moisture sensing structure 2, a bracket 3, a detection circuit, a temperature sensor, and an ion concentration sensor.
  • the moisture sensing structure 2 includes a liquid-absorbing swelling material 21 and a liquid-absorbing layer 22.
  • the surface of the bracket 3 is an inclined plane, and a first hollow 31 and a second hollow 32 are provided on the plane, and the second hollow 32 is located downhill from the first hollow 31.
  • the liquid-absorbing swelling material 21 is filled in the first hollow 31, the piezo-resistive dual-mode sensor 1 is arranged above the first hollow 31, the liquid-absorbing layer 32 is arranged below the first hollow 31 and the second hollow 32, and the detection circuit is respectively connected to the piezo-resistive dual-mode sensor, the temperature sensor, and the ion concentration sensor.
  • the detection circuit and the piezo-resistive dual-mode sensor, the temperature sensor, and the ion concentration sensor can be integrated on a board or installed separately, and are specifically used to obtain the liquid dripping frequency according to the piezoelectric signal of the piezo-resistive dual-mode sensor, and to calculate the liquid leakage amount after the temperature signal of the temperature sensor and the concentration signal of the ion concentration sensor are compensated according to the piezoresistive signal of the piezo-resistive dual-mode sensor.
  • the piezo-resistive dual-mode sensor 1 includes a piezoresistive sensing layer 11, a piezoresistive electrode 12, a first piezoelectric substrate 13, a piezoelectric film 14, a piezoelectric electrode 15, a second piezoelectric substrate 16, a piezoresistive signal output terminal and a piezoelectric signal output terminal.
  • the piezoresistive sensing layer 11, the piezoresistive electrode 12, the first piezoelectric substrate 13, the piezoelectric film 14, the piezoelectric electrode 15, and the second piezoelectric substrate 16 are stacked in sequence.
  • the piezoresistive signal output terminal is connected to the piezoresistive electrode, and the piezoelectric signal output terminal is connected to the piezoelectric electrode.
  • the microstructure template selected for the piezoresistive sensing layer 11 is commercial sandpaper, but is not limited thereto. It can be a commercial product with a microstructure and low cost, such as a nylon mesh or a fabric.
  • the piezoresistive conductive material is a carbon nanotube film or a nanotube film prepared by a spraying method. Other nanomaterials with excellent conductivity.
  • the material of the piezoresistive electrode 12 is a nanometer-thickness of metal particles such as Pt, Au, Ag sputtered by a vacuum coater, and is a flat electrode at both ends with a 2mm interval in the middle.
  • the first piezoelectric substrate 13 and the second piezoelectric substrate 16 are specifically PDMS substrates.
  • the piezoelectric film 14 selects PVDF and/or P (DVF-TrFE) or other materials that can be made into flexible piezoelectric films.
  • the selected preparation process is spin coating, and the film thickness is 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the piezoelectric electrode 15 is a sputtered metal interdigital electrode.
  • the method for preparing the piezo-piezoresistive dual-mode sensor 1 comprises the following steps:
  • PDMS and curing agent are mechanically stirred at a weight ratio of 10:1, and after standing to remove bubbles, a thin film is spin-coated on commercial sandpaper using a coating machine, and a PDMS flexible substrate with a sandpaper surface morphology is obtained after high-temperature curing, i.e., the first piezoelectric substrate 13.
  • An appropriate amount of carbon nanotube dispersion is sprayed on the surface of the first piezoelectric substrate 13 of a desired size to obtain a composite MWCNTs/PDMS piezoresistive sensing layer 11.
  • a layer of discontinuous electrode material namely, the piezoresistive electrode 12, is deposited on the contact surface between the piezoresistive sensing layer 11 and the first piezoelectric substrate 13, and is led out on both sides with wires, and then packaged to obtain the piezoresistive and piezoelectric dual-mode pressure sensor 1.
  • the liquid-absorbing swelling material 21 is a micro-granular high water-absorbing resin with a good water-absorbing swelling ratio.
  • the liquid-absorbing layer 22 is specifically a water-absorbing thin cotton, which can absorb water at the second hollow part and then be absorbed by the liquid-absorbing swelling material 21. After the liquid-absorbing swelling material 21 expands, it squeezes the piezoresistive piezoelectric dual-mode pressure sensor 1 to generate a signal.
  • the piezoresistive piezoelectric dual-mode pressure sensor 1 and the liquid-absorbing layer 22 are fixed with ordinary transparent tape and medical PU film tape respectively, so that the sensor and the liquid-absorbing swelling material 21 can be replaced with the water-absorbing thin cotton, so as to achieve the purpose of repeated use of the device.
  • the bracket 3 is formed of a polymer material.
  • the bracket 3 is fixed with a container with a bottle mouth as an inclined surface as a base. During use, it can be directly fixed to the building at an inclined angle according to the arrangement position.
  • the liquid-absorbing swelling material 21 is placed in the first hollow 31. This space will give a certain limit to the expansion of the water-absorbing material, so as to convert the deformation into a pressure that the piezoresistive piezoelectric dual-mode pressure sensor 1 can respond to as much as possible.
  • the surface of the bracket 3 is tilted. When water drops fall on the inclined surface, the vibration can be sensed by the sensitive piezoelectric film 14 of the piezoresistive piezoelectric dual-mode pressure sensor 1, and a voltage signal is output.
  • the water drop continues to slide down to the second hollow, and is absorbed by the liquid-absorbing layer 22, transporting water to the position of the liquid-absorbing swelling material 21.
  • the liquid-absorbing swelling material 21 expands. Due to the position limitation of the first hollow 31, it will effectively give pressure to the piezoresistive sensing layer 11 of the piezoresistive piezoelectric dual-mode pressure sensor 1 above, and different piezoresistive responses will appear according to different pressure conditions.
  • the detection circuit includes a filter amplifier module, a first AD conversion module, a voltage stabilization module, a resistance voltage conversion module, a second AD conversion module, a microprocessor, a transmission module and a power supply module.
  • the first AD conversion module, the voltage stabilization module, and the microprocessor form an ultra-low frequency dripping frequency detection circuit part (Figure 8).
  • the environmental compensation module composed of the resistance voltage conversion module, the second AD conversion module, the microprocessor, the temperature sensor, and the ion concentration sensor forms an environmental compensation seepage detection circuit part ( Figure 9).
  • the filter amplifier module is connected to the piezoelectric signal output end of the piezo-resistance dual-mode sensor, and is used to filter and amplify the piezoelectric signal.
  • the first AD conversion module is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the signal output by the filter amplifier module. Specifically, it is a hysteresis comparison circuit, which can avoid frequent switching of the output signal due to slight fluctuations of the input voltage near the threshold, and convert it into a digital pulse signal.
  • the voltage stabilization module is specifically a voltage follower, which is used to stabilize the signal output by the first AD conversion module to obtain a digital piezoelectric signal, which is input to the microprocessor.
  • the resistance-voltage conversion module is connected to the piezoresistive signal output end of the piezoresistive dual-mode sensor, specifically a Wheatstone bridge circuit composed of four resistors, which are 3 standard resistors and a variable resistor, for converting the piezoresistive signal in the form of current into a piezoresistive signal in the form of voltage.
  • the second AD conversion module is HX711, which is used for analog-to-digital conversion of the piezoresistive signal in the form of voltage to obtain a digital piezoresistive signal.
  • the microprocessor is composed of the STM32 minimum circuit, which is used to obtain the liquid dripping frequency based on the digital piezoelectric signal according to the preset first algorithm operation, and is also used to obtain the liquid leakage amount based on the digital piezoresistive signal, the temperature signal and the concentration signal according to the preset second algorithm operation.
  • the transmission module is used to transmit the liquid dripping frequency and the liquid leakage amount, which can be a wireless transmission module or a wired transmission module.
  • the preferred method is a wireless transmission module.
  • a Bluetooth wireless transceiver can be used for wireless transmission, and the signal can be transmitted to the mobile terminal for display, and the relationship between the leakage value and time can also be recorded and drawn into a chart.
  • the power supply module is composed of a transformer, a voltage regulator filter, and a bridge rectifier circuit, which converts a 220V AC power supply into a 5V DC power supply to power each module.
  • the first algorithm in the microprocessor obtains the liquid dripping frequency by obtaining the interval time between two pulses of the digital piezoelectric signal.
  • the second algorithm is specifically a calculation formula obtained by fitting the digital piezoresistance signal, temperature signal, concentration signal and corresponding liquid leakage obtained by multiple measurements.
  • the present invention is experimentally verified below.
  • a comparative example was set up, specifically: the bracket plane was not tilted and fixed, the upper part of the plane was made of absorbent thin cotton and a porous PU film as a volume limiting structure and a water seepage channel, and the lower part was made of a dual-mode pressure sensor.
  • the position of the heart represents the time when the dripping starts.
  • the delay time to the response is more than ten seconds. This is because it takes time for the water to be absorbed by the liquid absorbent layer and transported to the vicinity of the liquid absorbent swelling material and expand to the minimum detection threshold of the device.
  • Figure 4 shows that the device can distinguish the speed of the dripping frequency. The faster the frequency, the faster the liquid absorbent swelling material expands, the less time it takes, and the faster the response curve reaches the plateau period, but the specific frequency is more difficult to distinguish.
  • Figure 5 shows that the piezoelectric part can distinguish the changes in different dripping frequencies, and as the frequency increases, the voltage response becomes larger, thereby providing additional information to help analyze specific leakage scenarios.
  • the piezoresistive part can still roughly distinguish the leakage amount and The piezoelectric part can therefore not provide accurate information on the dripping frequency.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种液体泄漏监测装置，包括压电压阻双模式传感器、温度传感器、离子浓度传感器、水分感知结构、支架和检测电路，水分感知结构包括吸液膨胀材料和吸液层，支架表面为倾斜放置的平面，平面上设有第一镂空和第二镂空，吸液膨胀材料填充于所述第一镂空内，压电压阻双模式传感器设置在第一镂空上方，吸液层设置在所述第一镂空和所述第二镂空下方，检测电路用于根据压电压阻双模式传感器的压电信号运算得到液体滴落频率，以及根据压电压阻双模式传感器的压阻信号计算得到经温度传感器的温度信号和离子浓度传感器的浓度信号补偿后的液体泄漏量。本发明可以准确的检测液体滴落频率和泄漏量。

Description

一种液体泄漏监测装置 技术领域
本发明涉及监测装置，尤其涉及一种液体泄漏监测装置。
背景技术
海底隧道是便捷的日常出行、促进地区经济发展必不可少的重要交通运输工程。然而，服役于恶劣环境中的海底隧道，面对高水压、洋流冲击以及海洋环境腐蚀，渗水问题成为海底隧道工程建设中不可忽视的重要安全隐患。对于地下换热站、地铁隧道、给排水管道工程等基础建设，渗水病害也同样给建筑结构耐久性带来了挑战。渗水病害的发生往往伴随着建筑材料的形变和裂缝，这源于工程建设上的工艺漏洞或是长期服役中的外来损伤，同时渗水问题会进一步加速建筑劣化、降低使用年限，严重时将会导致危害极大的灾害，包括塌方、涌水，从而严重危及民众的人身及各方的财产安全。
目前在漏水监测报警领域，管网检漏系统大多通过传感器感知泄露的振动或声音信号对供水管网进行监测，但因振动信号微弱，且外界干扰大，这类检漏系统的精准仪器造价较为昂贵；还有一些采用压力传感器实现漏水检测，这类技术将遇水膨胀的材料与压力传感器贴合在一起，当液体泄漏时压力传感器感受到压力变化，从而实现对液体泄漏的监测和报警，例如，CN214063051U公开的一种隧道渗漏超前监测预警装置，其安装方便，耐久性好，不过其只能实现少量缓慢渗水的检测，无法实现高频漏水的快速响应检测；CN114596694A公开了一种用于感知隧道渗水的双模式压力传感监测报警装置，其采用了双模式压力传感，可以同时感知动态和静态两种情况的力学信息，实现少量缓慢渗水的检测和高频漏水的快速响应，但是该技术还无法准确的检测出液体渗漏初期超低频的滴落频率以及具体的泄漏量，同时通过电路设计提高感知精度。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明针对现有技术存在的问题，提供一种可以检测液体渗漏初期超低频的滴落频率以及具体的泄漏量的液体泄漏监测装置。
技术方案：本发明所述的液体泄漏监测装置包括压电压阻双模式传感器、温度传感器、离子浓度传感器、水分感知结构、支架和检测电路，所述水分感知结构包括吸液膨胀材料和吸液层，所述支架表面为倾斜放置的平面，平面上设有第一镂空和第二镂空，所述吸液膨胀材料填充于所述第一镂空内，所述压电压阻双模式传感器设置在所述第一镂空上方，所述吸液层设置在所述第一镂空和所述第二镂空下方，所述检测电路分别与压电压阻双模式传感器、温度传感器、离子浓度传感器连接，用于根据压电压阻双模式传感器的压电信号运算得到液体滴落频率，以及根据压电压阻双模式传感器的压阻信号计算得到经温度传感器的温度信号和离子浓度传感器的浓度信号补偿后的液体泄漏量。
进一步的，所述检测电路包括：
滤波放大模块，与所述压电压阻双模式传感器的压电信号输出端连接，用于将压电信号进行滤波和放大；
第一AD转换模块，用于将滤波放大模块输出的信号进行模数转换；
稳压模块，用于将第一AD转换模块输出的信号进行稳压，得到数字压电信号；
电阻电压转换模块，与所述压电压阻双模式传感器的压阻信号输出端连接，用于将电流形式的压阻信号转换为电压形式的压阻信号；
第二AD转换模块，用于电压形式的压阻信号进行模数转换，得到数字压阻信号；
微处理器，用于基于数字压电信号按照预设第一算法运算得到液体滴落频率，还用于基于数字压阻信号、温度信号和浓度信号按照预设第二算法运算得到液体泄漏量；
传输模块，用于将所述液体滴落频率和所述液体泄漏量传输出去；
电源模块，用于为各模块供电。
进一步的，所述电阻电压转换模块具体为由四个电阻构成的惠斯通电桥电路。
进一步的，所述第一算法通过获取数字压电信号的两个脉冲之间的间隔时间，获取液体滴落频率。
进一步的，所述第二算法具体为按照多次测量得到的数字压阻信号、温度信号、浓度信号以及对应的液体泄漏量，拟合得到的计算公式。
进一步的，所述压电压阻双模式传感器包括压阻传感层、压阻电极、第一压电基底、压电薄膜、压电电极、第二压电基底、压阻信号输出端和压电信号输出端，所述压阻传感层、压阻电极、第一压电基底、压电薄膜、压电电极、第二压电基底依次叠加，所述压阻信号输出端连接所述压阻电极，所述压电信号输出端连接所述压电电极。
进一步的，所述支架为高分子聚合物材料形成的支架。所述第二镂空位于所述第一镂空的下坡。所述压电压阻双模式传感器和所述吸液层通过胶带固定在所述支架上。
进一步的，所述吸液膨胀材料为微小颗粒状的高吸水树脂。
有益效果：本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点是：1、该装置是一种相对成本较低的监测隧道渗水的方案。2、本发明充分利用了双模式压力传感器的优势，设计了基于斜坡约束的水分双路径流向结构，压电部分可以对下落的水滴做出脉冲响应，从而分辨水滴渗漏的频率，而压阻部分可以借助吸水材料吸水膨胀的特性，感知不同的泄漏量，两者结合能够为监测分析复杂的渗水场景提供丰富的信息。3、本发明配合专门设计的检测电路，根据压电信号运算得到超低频液体滴落频率，还引入温度传感器和渗水离子浓度将环境信号和压阻信号同时处理，考虑了环境和液体离子浓度对泄漏量的影响，实现了具有环境补偿功能的液体泄漏量检测，检测的液体泄漏量结果更精确。本发明可及时对海底隧道等建筑的渗水病害进行检测，帮助分析判断渗水问题的实际情况。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的液体泄漏监测装置中液体泄漏监测装置结构示意图；
图2为检测电路的具体电路示意图；
图3为本发明压电压阻双模式传感器对于不同泄漏量的压阻响应及相应特征；
图4为本发明压电压阻双模式传感器对不同滴落频率的压阻响应；
图5为本发明压电压阻双模式传感器对不同滴落频率的压电响应；
图6为对比例结构及其对于不同泄漏量和滴落速度的响应；
图7为在不同室温下本发明压电压阻双模式传感器对每次0.5mL滴落的相对电流变化曲线对比图；
图8为本发明压电压阻双模式传感器对每次0.3mL渗漏海水的相对电流变化曲线；
图9为本发明检测电路的超低频滴水频率检测电路部分的示意图；
图10为本发明检测电路的环境补偿渗水量检测电路部分的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本实施例提供了一种液体泄漏监测装置，如图1和图2所示，包括压电压阻双模式传感器1、水分感知结构2、支架3、检测电路、温度传感器、离子浓度传感器。水分感知结构2包括吸液膨胀材料21和吸液层22。支架3表面为倾斜放置的平面，平面上设有第一镂空31和第二镂空32，第二镂空32位于第一镂空31的下坡。吸液膨胀材料21填充于第一镂空31内，压电压阻双模式传感器1设置在第一镂空31上方，吸液层32设置在第一镂空31和第二镂空32下方，检测电路分别与压电压阻双模式传感器、温度传感器、离子浓度传感器连接，检测电路与压电压阻双模式传感器、温度传感器、离子浓度传感器可集成在一块板上，也可分离安装，具体用于根据压电压阻双模式传感器的压电信号运算得到液体滴落频率，以及根据压电压阻双模式传感器的压阻信号计算得到经温度传感器的温度信号和离子浓度传感器的浓度信号补偿后的液体泄漏量。
如图1所示，压电压阻双模式传感器1包括压阻传感层11、压阻电极12、第一压电基底13、压电薄膜14、压电电极15、第二压电基底16、压阻信号输出端和压电信号输出端，压阻传感层11、压阻电极12、第一压电基底13、压电薄膜14、压电电极15、第二压电基底16依次叠加，压阻信号输出端连接压阻电极，压电信号输出端连接压电电极。压阻传感层11选用的微结构模板是商用砂纸，但不限于此，可以是尼龙网、织物等具有微结构且成本较低的商业制品，压阻导电材料为喷涂法制备的碳纳米管薄膜或 其他具有优异导电性的纳米材料。压阻电极12材料为真空镀膜仪溅射的Pt、Au、Ag等金属颗粒的纳米级厚度，为中间有2mm间隔的两端平面电极。第一压电基底13和第二压电基底16具体为PDMS基底。压电薄膜14选择PVDF和/或P(DVF-TrFE)或其他其它可以制成柔性压电薄膜的材料，选择的制备工艺是旋涂法，薄膜厚度为5～10μm。压电电极15为溅镀金属的叉指电极。
压电压阻双模式传感器1的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将PDMS和固化剂按10：1的重量比机械搅拌均匀，静置除气泡后，使用匀胶机在商业砂纸上旋涂一层薄膜，高温固化后获得有砂纸表面形貌的PDMS柔性基底，即第一压电基底13。将合适量的碳纳米管分散液喷涂于所需尺寸的第一压电基底13表面，获得复合MWCNTs/PDMS压阻传感层11。
(2)将P(VDF-TrFE)粉末溶于溶剂中，通过匀胶机旋涂出厚度可控的压电薄膜14。用刮涂刀在玻璃片上制备一层500μm厚的未固化PDMS薄膜，将压电薄膜14置于其上，80℃加热板上1h后固化后，小心揭下剪裁好并镀完压电电极15后，刮涂一层250μm厚PDMS，形成第二压电基底16，将有第二压电基底16的压电薄膜14反转置于PDMS的第一压电基底13上，固化后完成封装。
(3)在压阻传感层11和第一压电基底13接触面沉积一层有间断的电极材料，即压阻电极12，并在两侧以导线引出，后进行封装，得到压阻压电双模式压力传感器1。
吸液膨胀材料21为微小颗粒状的高吸水树脂，具有较优的吸水膨胀倍率，吸液层22具体为吸水薄棉，可以实现第二镂空处水的吸收，再被吸液膨胀材料21吸收，吸液膨胀材料21膨胀后，挤压压阻压电双模式压力传感器1产生信号。压阻压电双模式压力传感器1和吸液层22分别使用普通透明胶带和医用PU膜胶带进行固定，可以实现传感器以及吸液膨胀材料21同吸水薄棉的替换，达成装置重复使用的目的。
支架3为高分子聚合物材料形成的支架，支架3在实验中以瓶口为斜面的容器作为底座固定，使用中或可根据排布位置保持倾斜角度直接与建筑物固定。吸液膨胀材料21置于第一镂空31，此空间将给予吸水材料膨胀一定限制，从而尽可能使形变转换为压阻压电双模式压力传感器1可以做出响应的压强。支架3表面为倾斜放置，当水滴落到该斜面，震动可以被灵敏的压阻压电双模式压力传感器1的压电薄膜14感知，输出电压信号，水滴继续下滑至第二镂空，被吸液层22吸收，运输水分至吸液膨胀材料21所在位置，吸液膨胀材料21膨胀，由于第一镂空31的位置限定，将会有效地给予上方的压阻压电双模式压力传感器1的压阻传感层11以压力，根据不同受压情形出现不同压阻响应。
如图2所示，检测电路包括滤波放大模块、第一AD转换模块、稳压模块、电阻电压转换模块、第二AD转换模块、微处理器、传输模块和电源模块，其中，滤波放大模 块、第一AD转换模块、稳压模块、微处理器形成了超低频滴水频率检测电路部分(图8)，电阻电压转换模块、第二AD转换模块、微处理器、温度传感器和离子浓度传感器构成的环境补偿模块形成了环境补偿渗水量检测电路部分(图9)。滤波放大模块与压电压阻双模式传感器的压电信号输出端连接，用于将压电信号进行滤波和放大，具体为由运算放大器和电容组成的低通放大滤波电路，可滤除输入信号中的杂波和噪声，将信号放大100倍左右，使得输出信号更加准确和稳定。第一AD转换模块用于将滤波放大模块输出的信号进行模数转换，具体为迟滞比较电路，可避免由于输入电压在阈值附近的微小波动而导致输出信号频繁切换，转化为数字脉冲信号。稳压模块具体为电压跟随器，用于将第一AD转换模块输出的信号进行稳压，得到数字压电信号，输入到微处理器。电阻电压转换模块与压电压阻双模式传感器的压阻信号输出端连接，具体为由四个电阻构成的惠斯通电桥电路，分别为3个标准电阻和一个可变电阻，用于将电流形式的压阻信号转换为电压形式的压阻信号。第二AD转换模块为HX711，用于电压形式的压阻信号进行模数转换，得到数字压阻信号。微处理器由STM32最小电路组成，用于基于数字压电信号按照预设第一算法运算得到液体滴落频率，还用于基于数字压阻信号、温度信号和浓度信号按照预设第二算法运算得到液体泄漏量。传输模块用于将液体滴落频率和液体泄漏量传输出去，可以为无线传输模块也可以为有线传输模块，优选方式为无线传输模块，无线传输时可采用蓝牙无线收发器，可将信号传输到移动终端显示，还可以将泄漏量值与时间的关系进行记录和绘制成图表。电源模块由变压器、稳压器滤、桥式整流电路组成，将220V交流电源转化成5V直流电源，为各模块供电。
微处理器中第一算法通过获取数字压电信号的两个脉冲之间的间隔时间，获取液体滴落频率。第二算法具体为按照多次测量得到的数字压阻信号、温度信号、浓度信号以及对应的液体泄漏量，拟合得到的计算公式。
下面对本发明进行实验验证。
为了验证本发明的效果，设置了对比例，具体为：支架平面并没有倾斜固定，平面上方为吸水薄棉和有孔PU膜作为限制体积结构和渗水通道，下方为双模式压力传感器。
由图3可见，滴水量越大，到达稳定平台期时花费的时间越长且压阻响应强度越大，可以基本分辨泄漏量的大小。爱心的位置代表了开始滴水的时间，到出现响应的这段延迟时间有十几秒，是因为水被吸液层吸收并运输到吸液膨胀材料附近并使其膨胀到器件最低检测阈值花费了时间。图4则说明器件可以分辨滴水频率的快慢，频率越快吸液膨胀材料膨胀的速度越快，所用时间越少，响应曲线越快达到平台期，但具体频率比较难以分辨。图5显示了压电部分可以分辨出不同滴水频率的变化，并随着频率的提高，电压响应随之变大，从而提供了额外的信息，帮助分析具体泄漏场景。
若采用对比例中的组装方式，虽然如图6所示，压阻部分仍能够大致分辨泄漏量和 泄漏频率，但压电部分因而无法提供精确的滴水频率信息。
温度会影响到吸液膨胀材料(SAP)的吸水速率，SAP的吸水性能会因温度降低而下降，故探究了夏季(～30℃)和冬季较冷时(～10℃)两种情形时的响应，如图7所示，温度较高时器件的响应会随着每一次滴水出现一个台阶，但变化会逐渐变小，这可能是由于已经吸水的吸水树脂会阻碍未吸水的树脂继续吸收水分，也可能是压阻部分可以受到的压强也趋近饱和。但是，较低温度时器件在6次滴水后就已经几乎不做出响应，说明器件可以在温度低时工作但性能会有所降低。图8也说明了类似的情况，因为海水富含Ca2+，Mg2+等会阻碍SAP吸水的离子，SAP的吸收速率和膨胀倍率大大降低。第一次滴海水时上升最明显，到第五次几乎没有变化。可见，虽然性能会受影响，但器件在也可作用于海水环境下的建筑泄漏报警。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种液体泄漏监测装置，其特征在于：包括压电压阻双模式传感器、温度传感器、离子浓度传感器、水分感知结构、支架和检测电路，所述水分感知结构包括吸液膨胀材料和吸液层，所述支架表面为倾斜放置的平面，平面上设有第一镂空和第二镂空，所述吸液膨胀材料填充于所述第一镂空内，所述压电压阻双模式传感器设置在所述第一镂空上方，所述吸液层设置在所述第一镂空和所述第二镂空下方，所述检测电路分别与压电压阻双模式传感器、温度传感器、离子浓度传感器连接，用于根据压电压阻双模式传感器的压电信号运算得到液体滴落频率，以及根据压电压阻双模式传感器的压阻信号计算得到经温度传感器的温度信号和离子浓度传感器的浓度信号补偿后的液体泄漏量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液体泄漏监测装置，其特征在于：所述检测电路包括：
    滤波放大模块，与所述压电压阻双模式传感器的压电信号输出端连接，用于将压电信号进行滤波和放大；
    第一AD转换模块，用于将滤波放大模块输出的信号进行模数转换；
    稳压模块，用于将第一AD转换模块输出的信号进行稳压，得到数字压电信号；
    电阻电压转换模块，与所述压电压阻双模式传感器的压阻信号输出端连接，用于将电流形式的压阻信号转换为电压形式的压阻信号；
    第二AD转换模块，用于电压形式的压阻信号进行模数转换，得到数字压阻信号；
    微处理器，用于基于数字压电信号按照预设第一算法运算得到液体滴落频率，还用于基于数字压阻信号、温度信号和浓度信号按照预设第二算法运算得到液体泄漏量；
    传输模块，用于将所述液体滴落频率和所述液体泄漏量传输出去；
    电源模块，用于为各模块供电。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的液体泄漏监测装置，其特征在于：所述电阻电压转换模块具体为由四个电阻构成的惠斯通电桥电路。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的液体泄漏监测装置，其特征在于：所述第一算法通过获取数字压电信号的两个脉冲之间的间隔时间，获取液体滴落频率。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的液体泄漏监测装置，其特征在于：所述第二算法具体为按照多次测量得到的数字压阻信号、温度信号、浓度信号以及对应的液体泄漏量，拟合得到的计算公式。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的液体泄漏监测装置，其特征在于：所述压电压阻双模式传感器包括压阻传感层、压阻电极、第一压电基底、压电薄膜、压电电极、第二压电基底、压阻信号输出端和压电信号输出端，所述压阻传感层、压阻电极、第一压电基底、压电薄膜、压电电极、第二压电基底依次叠加，所述压阻信号输出端连接所述压阻电极，所述压电信号输出端连接所述压电电极。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的液体泄漏监测装置，其特征在于：所述支架为高分子聚 合物材料形成的支架。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的液体泄漏监测装置，其特征在于：所述第二镂空位于所述第一镂空的下坡。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的液体泄漏监测装置，其特征在于：所述压电压阻双模式传感器和所述吸液层通过胶带固定在所述支架上。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的液体泄漏监测装置，其特征在于：所述吸液膨胀材料为微小颗粒状的高吸水树脂。
PCT/CN2023/128668 2023-06-15 2023-10-31 一种液体泄漏监测装置 Ceased WO2024255080A1 (zh)

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