WO2024254893A1 - 一种基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法 - Google Patents
一种基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/18—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material
- C08J11/20—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/18—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material
- C08J11/28—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08J2363/02—Polyglycidyl ethers of bis-phenols
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of epoxy resin recovery, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency method for pre-treatment, degradation and recovery of thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method.
- Epoxy resin has excellent physical and mechanical properties, electrical insulation properties, chemical corrosion resistance, heat resistance and bonding properties, and has been widely used in mechanical electronics, aerospace, transportation, construction, chemical and chemical industries and other industrial fields.
- the excellent performance of epoxy resins comes from the epoxy groups contained in their own molecular structure and the insoluble, infusible, three-dimensional network molecular structure formed after curing and cross-linking.
- the above-mentioned material performance characteristics also mean that it is difficult to degrade, resulting in great difficulties in the recycling and reuse of waste epoxy resins.
- the environmental pollution and waste of resources caused by waste epoxy resins have become serious environmental, social and economic problems in my country and even the world. Therefore, key technologies for the high-value recycling of waste epoxy resins need to be broken through.
- thermosetting epoxy resin matrix is decomposed into raw monomers or its low molecular polymers by heating or chemical reaction, thereby realizing complex component separation and recycling.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an efficient method for pretreatment degradation recovery of thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method and a preparation method thereof,
- the epoxy resin is cured by mixing a reactive dual solvent under pre-soaking and reflux in a low temperature range (e.g., ⁇ 150°C), so that most of the main molecular bonds of the cured epoxy resin are broken, and a degradation rate of approximately 100% is achieved, which is used to solve the problems existing in the technical paths of recycling and reusing waste epoxy resins in the prior art.
- the present invention provides an efficient method for pretreatment, degradation and recovery of thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method, comprising the following steps:
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method for thermosetting epoxy resin pretreatment degradation recovery of efficient method.
- the present invention adopts different proportions of halogenated alkane-aliphatic amine mixed reaction type double solvent under pre-immersion and low temperature range reflux (for example, ⁇ 150°C), the resulting mixture and the original solvent molecules synergistically, not only can be degraded with high efficiency, but also green and environmentally friendly, low cost, can greatly promote the development of the recycling economy of waste epoxy resin.
- the present invention can process a variety of low cross-linking degree and high cross-linking degree epoxy resins of different types, has a wider applicability, and solves the singleness of the current degradation recovery epoxy resin technology.
- FIG1 shows infrared spectra of dichloromethane, diethylenetriamine, and the heating reaction of dichloromethane and diethylenetriamine.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the pretreatment and degradation results of the cured bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin in Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows thermogravimetric and heat flow curves of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, cured bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin, and recovered bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows differential scanning calorimetry curves of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, cured bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin, and recovered bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows the 13 C-NMR spectra of the bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin cured in Example 1 of the present invention and the recovered bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin.
- FIG. 7 shows the extracted ion chromatogram and base peak ion chromatogram at m/z 537.284 of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin recovered in negative ion mode in Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG8 shows the infrared spectra of diethylenetriamine in Example 1 of the present invention and the recovered diethylenetriamine.
- FIG9 shows infrared spectra of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, cured bisphenol F diglycidyl ether epoxy resin, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether epoxy resin degradation residue and recovered bisphenol F diglycidyl ether epoxy resin according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 shows differential scanning calorimetry curves of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, cured bisphenol F diglycidyl ether epoxy resin, and recovered bisphenol F diglycidyl ether epoxy resin according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 shows the 13 C-NMR spectra of the bisphenol F diglycidyl ether epoxy resin cured in Example 2 of the present invention and the recovered bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin.
- Figure 12 shows the infrared spectra of tri(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane triglycidyl ether, cured tri(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane triglycidyl ether epoxy resin, tri(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane triglycidyl ether epoxy resin degradation residue and recovered tri(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane triglycidyl ether epoxy resin in Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the pretreatment and degradation results of the trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether epoxy resin cured in Example 4.
- FIG. 14 shows the infrared spectra of trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether epoxy resin cured with acid anhydride in Example 4.
- FIG. 15 shows the infrared spectrum of tetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester and tetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester epoxy resin cured with acid anhydride in Example 5.
- FIG. 16 shows the infrared spectrum of diglycidyl tetrahydrophthalate and amine-cured diglycidyl tetrahydrophthalate epoxy resin of Example 6.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the pretreatment and degradation results of commercial E51 ( FIG. 17 a ) and E44 ( FIG. 17 b ) epoxy resins cured in Examples 7 and 8.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the pretreatment and degradation results of commercial E51 ( FIG. 17 a ) and E44 ( FIG. 17 b ) epoxy resins cured in Examples 7 and 8.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the pretreatment and degradation results of commercial E51 ( FIG. 17 a ) and E44 ( FIG. 17 b ) epoxy resins cured in Examples 7 and 8.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the pretreatment and degradation results of commercial E51 ( FIG. 17 a ) and E44 ( FIG. 17 b ) epoxy resins cured in Examples 7 and 8.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the pretreatment and degradation results of commercial E51 ( FIG. 17 a ) and E44 ( FIG. 17 b ) epoxy resins cured in Examples 7 and 8.
- FIG. 17 is
- FIG18 is a schematic diagram showing the pretreatment and degradation results of the bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin cured in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 using diethylenetriamine alone ( FIG18 a ) and dichloromethane alone ( FIG18 b ).
- the present invention aims at the problems existing in the current technical paths for recycling and reusing waste epoxy resins, and invents an efficient method for pre-treatment, degradation and recycling of thermosetting epoxy resins based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method. Specifically, through the reaction of different proportions of halogenated alkane-aliphatic amine mixed reaction type double solvents under pre-immersion and reflux in a low temperature range (for example, ⁇ 150°C), the resulting mixture and the original solvent molecules can, under the synergistic effect, further increase the degradation or bond breaking selectivity and enhance the nucleophilicity, so as to achieve multi-selective and efficient degradation of the cured epoxy resin.
- the double solvent is fully utilized in this degradation process, and both are used as degradation reactants to avoid evaporation loss and waste.
- the main solvent components can also be greenly recycled by distillation, and the small molecules or oligomer degradation products obtained by degradation can also be further recycled.
- This method is applicable to a variety of low-crosslinked and high-crosslinked cured epoxy resins.
- the epoxy resins studied are extensive and most commonly used, and the typical epoxy resins included are bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, polyphenol glycidyl ether epoxy resin, aliphatic glycidyl ether epoxy resin, glycidyl ester epoxy resin and glycidyl amine epoxy resin.
- the inventive method can achieve a degradation rate of the most common epoxy resin cured products above, up to approximately 100%. On this basis, this application is completed.
- the present invention provides an efficient method for pretreatment, degradation and recovery of thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method, comprising the following steps:
- step S1 is to provide a cured epoxy resin.
- the preparation method of the cured epoxy resin includes: mixing and stirring an epoxy resin monomer and a curing agent, and obtaining a cured epoxy resin after curing at room temperature or heating; wherein the curing agent is selected from anhydride curing agents and/or amine curing agents.
- a certain amount of epoxy resin monomer and curing agent are weighed in a beaker, stirred for a period of time, poured into a mold, vacuumed to remove the internal air, and cured under certain curing conditions to obtain a cured epoxy resin.
- the epoxy resin monomer can be bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, A combination of one or more of phenol F diglycidyl ether, tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane triglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, and tetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ether.
- the anhydride curing agent can be a combination of one or more of phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylnadic anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, benzophenonetetracarboxylic anhydride or trimellitic anhydride.
- the amine curing agent is selected from one or more combinations of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, diethylaminopropylamine, meta-phenylenediamine, meta-phenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane or bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane.
- a phenolic accelerator may also be included, and the phenolic accelerator is also called a phenolic epoxy resin curing accelerator.
- a certain amount of epoxy resin monomer, curing agent and phenolic accelerator are weighed in a beaker, stirred for a period of time, poured into a mold, vacuumed to remove the internal air, and cured under certain curing conditions to obtain a cured epoxy resin.
- the phenolic accelerator is selected from one or more combinations of phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, resorcinol, tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol or nonylphenol.
- the amount of monomer is for the step of providing a cured product, and its amount can be increased as needed.
- the amount of epoxy resin monomer is ⁇ 20g.
- the amount of epoxy resin monomer can also be, for example, 20-50g, 20-30g, 30-40g, or 40-50g.
- the amount of the curing agent is 10% to 70% of the amount of the epoxy resin monomer. In specific embodiments, the amount of the curing agent is 10% to 30%, 30% to 50%, or 50% to 70% of the amount of the epoxy resin monomer.
- the amount of the phenolic accelerator is 0% to 1.5% of the amount of the epoxy resin monomer. In specific embodiments, the amount of the phenolic accelerator is 0% to 1.5%, 0% to 0.1%, 0.1% to 0.5%, 0.5% to 1%, 1% to 3%, or 3% to 5%, etc., of the amount of the epoxy resin monomer.
- the stirring time is usually not limited.
- the stirring time is, for example, ⁇ 5 minutes.
- the stirring time can be, for example, 5 to 10 minutes, 10 to 15 minutes, or 15 to 20 minutes.
- the curing temperature may be, for example, room temperature, 100°C to 150°C, 100°C to 120°C, or 120°C to 150°C. All room temperatures mentioned in the present application are room temperatures known in the art, for example, 20°C to 25°C.
- the curing time is ⁇ 0.5 h, for example, 0.5 to 2 h, 2 to 10 h, 2 to 4 h, 4 to 6 h, 6 to 8 h, or 8 to 10 h.
- step S2 is to add the cured epoxy resin into a double solvent for pre-soaking to provide a pre-treated sample.
- the double solvent is selected from halogenated alkanes and aliphatic amines.
- a certain amount of cured epoxy resin is weighed in a round-bottom flask, and then the double solvent is added in a certain proportion, and the mixture is sealed in a cool and dry environment and stored for a period of time for pre-soaking.
- the halogenated alkane is selected from a combination of one or more of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, dichloropropane, chloroform and trichloroethane.
- the aliphatic amine is selected from one or more combinations of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, diethylaminopropylamine, bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane or bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane.
- the amount of the cured epoxy resin can be increased as needed.
- the amount of the cured epoxy resin is ⁇ 2 g.
- the amount of the cured epoxy resin is 2 g to 5 g.
- the mass ratio of the cured epoxy resin to the dual solvent is 2-5:10-20.
- the mass ratio of the cured epoxy resin to the dual solvent can be, for example, 2-3:10-20, 3-5:10-20, etc.
- the mass ratio of the halogenated alkane to the aliphatic amine is ⁇ 1.
- the mass ratio of the halogenated alkane to the aliphatic amine is 0.05 to 1.
- the mass ratio of the halogenated alkane to the aliphatic amine can be, for example, 0.05 to 0.1, 0.1 to 0.3, 0.3 to 0.5, 0.5 to 0.8, or 0.8 to 1.
- FIG1 is an infrared spectrum of the dual solvent before and after the reaction.
- the pre-soaking time is usually not limited. In some embodiments, the pre-soaking time is, for example, ⁇ 0.5 h.
- step S3 is to reflux the pretreated sample in a low temperature range, the thermosetting epoxy resin is efficiently degraded, cooled to room temperature, and a first filtrate is obtained after the first suction filtration, the first filtrate is mixed with water to precipitate or form a dispersion, the precipitate is subjected to a second suction filtration, and the dispersion is further separated and recovered to obtain epoxy resin degradation small molecules or oligomers.
- the epoxy resin degradation small molecules or oligomers are renewable.
- the temperature of the low temperature interval is ⁇ 150° C.
- the temperature of the low temperature interval is 100° C. to 150° C.
- the temperature of the low temperature interval is, for example, 100° C. to 120° C., or 120° C. to 150° C.
- the reflux time is ⁇ 70 minutes, preferably, the reflux time is 30 minutes to 70 minutes.
- the second filtrate after suction filtration is distilled to recover the main solvent component.
- the collected filtrate is subjected to atmospheric distillation at a certain temperature for a period of time to obtain the recovered main solvent component.
- the recovered main solvent component mainly includes aliphatic amines, such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, diethylaminopropylamine, bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane or bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane.
- the temperature is 100-150°C
- the time for atmospheric distillation is 2 to 8 hours.
- step S3 of the present invention the epoxy resin degradation small molecules or oligomers are recovered after suction filtration, wherein the molecular weight of the epoxy resin degradation small molecules is ⁇ 500, and the molecular weight of the oligomer is ⁇ 1500.
- thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method is provided, and the steps are as follows:
- an effective solution for efficient solvent thermal degradation and recovery of various epoxy resins cured by thermosetting anhydrides and amines based on dual solvent room temperature pretreatment is as follows:
- an effective scheme for achieving efficient solvent thermal degradation and recovery of various epoxy resins cured by thermosetting anhydrides and amines based on dual solvent room temperature pretreatment is as follows:
- an effective solution for efficient solvent thermal degradation and recovery of various epoxy resins cured by thermosetting anhydrides and amines based on dual solvent room temperature pretreatment is as follows:
- an effective scheme for achieving efficient solvent thermal degradation and recovery of various epoxy resins cured by thermosetting anhydrides and amines based on dual solvent room temperature pretreatment is as follows:
- an effective solution for efficient solvent thermal degradation and recovery of various epoxy resins cured by thermosetting anhydrides and amines based on dual solvent room temperature pretreatment is as follows:
- thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method is provided, and the steps are as follows:
- thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method is provided, and the steps are as follows:
- thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method a comparative experiment is conducted with an efficient method for pre-treatment degradation and recycling of thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method, and the steps are as follows:
- thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method a comparative experiment is conducted with an efficient method for pre-treatment degradation and recycling of thermosetting epoxy resin based on a mixed reaction type solvent thermal method, and the steps are as follows:
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,包括如下步骤:S1:提供固化的环氧树脂;S2:将固化的环氧树脂加入双溶剂进行预浸泡以提供预处理后的样品;所述双溶剂选自卤代烷烃和脂肪族胺;S3:将预处理的样品在低温区间进行回流,冷却至室温,第一次抽滤后得到第一滤液,将第一滤液与水混合析出沉淀或形成分散液,对沉淀进行第二次抽滤、对分散液进一步分离后回收得到环氧树脂降解小分子或低聚物。本发明采用通过不同比例的卤代烷烃-脂肪族胺混合反应型双溶剂在预浸泡及低温区间回流下,其所得的混合物及原有的溶剂分子协同作用下,不仅能够高效率降解热固性环氧树脂,而且绿色环保、成本低。
Description
本发明属于环氧树脂回收技术领域,具体涉及一种基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法。
环氧树脂具有优良的物理机械性能、电绝缘性能、耐化学腐蚀性能、耐热及粘接性能,已广泛应用于机械电子、航空航天、交通运输、建筑及化学化工等工业领域。环氧树脂优良的性能源于它们自身分子结构中含有的环氧基团和固化交联后形成的不溶、不熔、三维网状分子结构。但上述材料性能特点也意味着其降解难,导致废弃环氧树脂回收处理和再生利用难度大。废弃环氧树脂造成的环境污染与资源浪费已成为我国乃至全球严重的环境、社会与经济问题。因此,废弃环氧树脂的高值化循环利用关键技术有待突破。
目前,废弃环氧树脂回收处理与再生利用的技术路径如下:
1)机械法:将废弃环氧树脂用机械粉粹,碾磨至一定粒径的粉料,作为制备一些特定产品的原料或者填充材料等低值化应用。虽然该技术工艺相对比较成熟,但本质上只是“固废转移”,并未从根本上实现废弃环氧树脂高值化循环利用。同时,粉碎碾磨过程产生大量粉尘,加工设备磨损严重,不仅增加了机械回收成本,还会造成新的环境问题。如美国陶氏全球技术有限公司利用机械法将废弃树脂转化为增韧填料,虽然100%高效全转化利用,但是仅针对纤维强化树脂废弃物。
2)溶液法:根据反应溶剂或介质的不同,化学溶液法回收主要有醇解、碱解、水解、氢解等。在温和条件下,通过加热或者化学反应将热固性环氧树脂基体分解成原料单体或它的低分子聚合物,从而实现复杂成份分离及回收再利用。但是,特定的溶剂或介质所能处理的树脂种类有限,且溶剂使用量大,且部分溶剂只作为疏松剂并蒸发流失,不仅成本高,还对环境造成了新的压力;另外溶解速度慢,可处理对象单一(即仅可处理某一种环氧树脂),耗能大,处理器件设备材质要求高。因此,需要进一步完善废弃环氧树脂回收处理与再生利用的技术方案,以满足循环经济需求。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法及其制备方法,将各类标准固化条件下得到的固
化的环氧树脂通过混合反应型双溶剂在预浸泡及低温区间(例如≤150℃)回流下,实现绝大部分固化的环氧树脂主要分子键断裂,实现降解率近似100%,用于解决现有技术中废弃环氧树脂回收处理与再生利用的技术路径存在的问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案获得的。
本发明一方面提供一种基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:提供固化的环氧树脂;
S2:将所述固化的环氧树脂加入双溶剂进行预浸泡以提供预处理后的样品;所述双溶剂选自卤代烷烃和脂肪族胺;
S3:将所述预处理的样品在低温区间进行回流,冷却至室温,第一次抽滤后得到第一滤液,将所述第一滤液与水混合析出沉淀,对沉淀进行第二次抽滤、对分散液进一步分离后回收得到环氧树脂降解小分子或低聚物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
为了实现低能耗、环保高效的固化的环氧树脂再生原料回收及降解处理,本发明的目的在于提供一种热固性环氧树脂基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法。相比较于现有废弃环氧树脂回收处理与再生利用的机械法和溶液法,本发明采用通过不同比例的卤代烷烃-脂肪族胺混合反应型双溶剂在预浸泡及低温区间回流下(例如≤150℃),其所得的混合物及原有的溶剂分子协同作用下,不仅能够高效率降解,而且绿色环保、成本低,能极大地促进废弃环氧树脂的循环经济的发展。另外,本发明能够处理不同种类的多种低交联度和高交联度环氧树脂,具有更为广泛的适用性,解决了当前降解回收环氧树脂技术的单一性。
图1显示为二氯甲烷、二乙烯三胺以及二氯甲烷和二乙烯三胺加热反应后的红外谱图。
图2显示为本发明实施例1中固化的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的预处理及降解结果示意图。
图3显示为本发明实施例1双酚A二缩水甘油醚、固化的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂、双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂降解残渣和回收的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的红外谱图。
图4显示为本发明实施例1双酚A二缩水甘油醚、固化的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂和回收的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的热重及热流曲线图。
图5显示为本发明实施例1双酚A二缩水甘油醚、固化的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂和回收的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的差示扫描量热曲线图。
图6显示为本发明实施例1固化的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂和回收的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的13C-NMR谱图。
图7显示为本发明实施例1负离子模式下回收的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂在m/z537.284处的提取离子流图和基峰离子流图。
图8显示为本发明实施例1二乙烯三胺和回收的二乙烯三胺的红外谱图。
图9显示为本发明实施例2双酚F二缩水甘油醚、固化的双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂、双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂降解残渣和回收的双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的红外谱图。
图10显示为本发明实施例2双酚F二缩水甘油醚、固化的双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂和回收的双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的差示扫描量热曲线图。
图11显示为本发明实施例2固化的双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂和回收的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的13C-NMR谱图。
图12显示为本发明实施例3三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚、固化的三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂、三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂降解残渣和回收的三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的红外谱图。
图13显示为实施例4固化的三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的预处理及降解结果示意图。
图14显示为实施例4三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚和酸酐固化的三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的红外谱图。
图15显示为实施例5四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯和酸酐固化的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂的红外谱图。
图16显示为实施例6四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯和胺类固化的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂的红外谱图。
图17显示为实施例7和实施例8固化的商业E51(图17a)和E44(图17b)环氧树脂的预处理及降解结果示意图。
图18显示为对比例1和对比例2固化的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂单独使用二乙烯三胺(图18a)和单独使用二氯甲烷(图18b)进行预处理及降解结果示意图。
以下,适当地参照附图详细说明具体公开了本申请的基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法的实施方式。但是会有省略不必要的详细说明的情况。例如,有省略对已众所周知的事项的详细说明、实际相同结构的重复说明的情况。这是为了避免以下的说明不必要地变得冗长,便于本领域技术人员的理解。此外,附图及以下说明是为了本领域技术人员充分理解本申请而提供的,并不旨在限定权利要求书所记载的主题。
本发明针对目前废弃环氧树脂回收处理与再生利用的技术路径存在的问题,发明一种基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法。具体地,通过不同比例的卤代烷烃-脂肪族胺混合反应型双溶剂在预浸泡及低温区间回流下(例如≤150℃)的反应,其所得的混合物及原有的溶剂分子协同作用下,一方面可进一步增多降解或断键选择性和增强亲核性,实现固化后的环氧树脂的多选择性高效降解,另一方面双溶剂在此降解处理过程中被充分利用,均作为降解反应剂,避免蒸发流失浪费,主要溶剂成份亦可通过蒸馏实现绿色回收,降解所得小分子或低聚物降解物也可进一步再生使用。此方法适用于多种低交联和高交联的固化后的环氧树脂,所研究的环氧树脂种类广泛且最常用,包含的典型的环氧树脂分别为双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、多酚型缩水甘油醚环氧树脂、脂肪族缩水甘油醚环氧树脂、缩水甘油酯型环氧树脂和缩水甘油胺型环氧树脂,该发明方法可实现以上最常见环氧树脂固化产品的降解率最高近似100%。在此基础上,完成了本申请。
本发明提供一种基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:提供固化的环氧树脂;
S2:将所述固化的环氧树脂加入双溶剂进行预浸泡以提供预处理后的样品;所述双溶剂选自卤代烷烃和脂肪族胺;
S3:将所述预处理的样品在低温区间进行回流,热固性环氧树脂得到高效降解,冷却至室温,第一次抽滤后得到第一滤液,将所述第一滤液与水混合析出沉淀或形成分散液,对沉淀进行第二次抽滤、对分散液进一步分离后回收得到环氧树脂降解小分子或低聚物。
本发明所提供的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法中,步骤S1是提供固化的环氧树脂。在一些实施例中,固化的环氧树脂的制备方法包括:将环氧树脂单体、固化剂混合搅拌,室温或加热固化后获得固化的环氧树脂;其中,固化剂选自酸酐固化剂和/或胺类固化剂。具体实施例中,在烧杯中称量一定量的环氧树脂单体、固化剂,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,在一定固化条件下进行固化,得到固化的环氧树脂。
本发明步骤S1中,在一些实施例中,所述环氧树脂单体可以是双酚A二缩水甘油醚、双
酚F二缩水甘油醚、三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚、三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚、四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明步骤S1中,在一些实施例中,所述酸酐固化剂可以是邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基纳迪克酸酐、十二烯基琥珀酸酐、均苯四甲酸酐、苯酮四酸二酐或偏苯三甲酸酐中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明步骤S1中,在一些实施例中,所述胺类固化剂选自乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、二乙氨基丙胺、间苯二甲胺、间苯二胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷、双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷或双(4-胺基环己基)甲烷中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明步骤S1中,在一些实施例中,还可以包括酚类促进剂,酚类促进剂也称为酚类环氧树脂固化促进剂。具体实施例中,在烧杯中称量一定量的环氧树脂单体、固化剂和酚类促进剂,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,在一定固化条件下进行固化,得到固化的环氧树脂。
本发明步骤S1中,在一些实施例中,所述酚类促进剂选自苯酚、邻甲酚、间甲酚、间苯二酚、三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚或壬基酚中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明步骤S1中,单体用量是针对提供固化产品的步骤,其用量可以按需增加。在一些实施例中,所述环氧树脂单体用量为≥20g。具体实施例中,所述环氧树脂单体用量例如还可以为20~50g、20~30g、30~40g、或40~50g等。
本发明步骤S1中,在一些实施例中,所述固化剂用量为环氧树脂单体用量的10%~70%。具体实施例中,所述固化剂用量为环氧树脂单体用量的10%~30%、30%~50%、或50%~70%等。
本发明步骤S1中,在一些实施例中,所述酚类促进剂用量为环氧树脂单体用量的0%~1.5%。具体实施例中,所述酚类促进剂用量为环氧树脂单体用量的0%~1.5%、0%~0.1%、0.1%~0.5%、0.5%~1%、1%~3%、或3%~5%等。
本发明步骤S1中,通常情况下搅拌时间没有限定,在一些实施例中,搅拌时间例如为≥5mins。具体实施例中,搅拌时间例如可以为5~10mins、10~15mins、或15~20mins等。
本发明步骤S1中,固化温度例如可以为室温、100℃~150℃、100℃~120℃、或120℃~150℃等。本申请中所有提到的室温是本领域公知的室温。例如可以为20℃~25℃。
本发明步骤S1中,固化时间为≥0.5h。例如可以为0.5~2h、2~10h、2~4h、4~6h、6~8h、或8~10h等。
本发明所提供的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法中,步骤S2是将所述固化的环氧树脂加入双溶剂进行预浸泡以提供预处理后的样品。所述双溶剂选自卤代烷烃和脂肪族胺。具体实施例中,在圆底烧瓶中称量一定量的固化后的环氧树脂,再以一定比例加入双溶剂,密闭于阴凉干燥环境下存储一段时间进行预浸泡。
本发明步骤S2中,在一些实施例中,所述卤代烷烃选自二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、二氯丙烷、三氯甲烷和三氯乙烷中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明步骤S2中,在一些实施例中,所述脂肪族胺选自乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、二乙氨基丙胺、双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷或双(4-胺基环己基)甲烷中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明步骤S2中,固化的环氧树脂的用量可以按需增加。在一些实施例中,固化的环氧树脂的用量为≥2g。优选地,固化的环氧树脂的用量为2g~5g。
本发明步骤S2中,在一些实施例中,所述固化的环氧树脂与双溶剂的质量比为2~5:10~20。具体实施例中,所述固化的环氧树脂与双溶剂的质量比例如可以为2~3:10~20、3~5:10~20等。
本发明步骤S2中,双溶剂中,卤代烷烃和脂肪族胺的质量比≤1。优选地,卤代烷烃和脂肪族胺的质量比为0.05~1。可选地,卤代烷烃和脂肪族胺的质量比例如可以为0.05~0.1、0.1~0.3、0.3~0.5、0.5~0.8、或0.8~1等。如图1为双溶剂反应前后红外谱图。
本发明步骤S2中,预浸泡时间通常没有限定。在一些实施例中,预浸泡时间例如为≥0.5h。
本发明所提供的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法中,步骤S3是将所述预处理的样品在低温区间进行回流,热固性环氧树脂得到高效降解,冷却至室温,第一次抽滤后得到第一滤液,将所述第一滤液与水混合析出沉淀或形成分散液,对沉淀进行第二次抽滤、对分散液进一步分离后回收得到环氧树脂降解小分子或低聚物。其中,环氧树脂降解小分子或低聚物是可再生利用的。
本发明步骤S3中,低温区间温度为≤150℃;优选地,低温区间温度为100℃~150℃。可选地,低温区间温度例如为100℃~120℃、或120℃~150℃等。
本发明步骤S3中,回流时间为≤70mins。优选地,回流时间30mins~70mins。
本发明步骤S3中,抽滤后的第二滤液蒸馏回收主要溶剂成分。具体地,所收集得到的滤液在一定温度下进行常压蒸馏一段时间,即可得到回收的主要溶剂成份。其中,回收的主要溶剂成份主要包括脂肪族胺,例如可以为乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、二乙氨基丙胺、双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷或双(4-胺基环己基)甲烷。温度为100~150℃,
常压蒸馏的时间为2~8h。
本发明步骤S3中,抽滤后回收得到环氧树脂降解小分子或低聚物。其中,环氧树脂降解小分子的分子量为≤500。低聚物的分子量为≤1500。
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式,熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
在进一步描述本发明具体实施方式之前,应理解,本发明的保护范围不局限于下述特定的具体实施方案;还应当理解,本发明实施例中使用的术语是为了描述特定的具体实施方案,而不是为了限制本发明的保护范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的试验方法,通常按照常规条件,或者按照各制造商所建议的条件。
当实施例给出数值范围时,应理解,除非本发明另有说明,每个数值范围的两个端点以及两个端点之间任何一个数值均可选用。除非另外定义,本发明中使用的所有技术和科学术语与本技术领域技术人员通常理解的意义相同。除实施例中使用的具体方法、设备、材料外,根据本技术领域的技术人员对现有技术的掌握及本发明的记载,还可以使用与本发明实施例中所述的方法、设备、材料相似或等同的现有技术的任何方法、设备和材料来实现本发明。
实施例1
在本实施例中,一种热固性环氧树脂基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,步骤如下:
S1:在烧杯中称量20g的双酚A二缩水甘油醚、占双酚A二缩水甘油醚质量为70%的甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐固化剂和占双酚A二缩水甘油醚质量为1%的三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚促进剂,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,在120℃下固化2h和150℃下固化4h,得到固化的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂。
S2:在圆底烧瓶中称量2g的固化后的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂,再以1:10的比例加入1g的二氯甲烷和10g的二乙烯三胺,密闭于阴凉干燥环境下存储48h进行预浸泡。
S3:将预处理后的样品在130℃下进行回流,回流50min后,冷却至室温进行抽滤,得到过滤后的残渣为未降解的环氧树脂,将其放入60℃烘箱干燥后称量得到0.0087g固化双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂降解滤渣,降解率高达99.56%;同时将滤液滴入水中与水混合析出沉淀,并进行抽滤得到回收的环氧树脂,将其放入60℃烘箱干燥后称量得到0.9551g回收的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂;收集滤液在一定温度(130℃)下进行常压蒸馏一段时间(6h),得到回收的二乙烯三胺。
由图2的示意图可以看出双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂通过混合反应型溶剂热法降解后滤渣较少,并通过红外光谱测得回收的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的谱图(图3),从图中可以看出,降解后双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的主链骨架没有被破坏,而在1731cm-1处的酯基中的C=O峰强度明显下降,表明双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的酯键被裂解。通过热重曲线(图4)和测得的玻璃转化温度(图5)可以看出,回收后的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂由小分子或低聚物组成。上述结论通过元素分析(表1)和13C-NMR(图6)得到进一步证实。降解后,在173ppm不存在酯基。这表明,混合反应型溶剂热法的降解反应主要是通过断裂酯基来实现的。液相色谱质谱联用仪测得的回收的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂在m/z 537.284处的提取离子流图和基峰离子流图(图7)表现出分子量显著地降低,进一步说明混合反应型溶剂热法有效地将聚合物降解成小分子或低聚物。将回收的溶剂与最初购买的二乙烯三胺红外谱图进行对比(图8),从图中可以看出峰型基本一致,说明回收的溶剂主要由二乙烯三胺组成。
表1实施例1双酚A二缩水甘油醚、固化的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂和回收的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的元素分析
实施例2
在本实施例中,一种热固性酸酐和胺类固化的各类环氧树脂基于双溶剂室温预处理实现高效溶剂热降解回收的有效方案,步骤如下:
S1:在烧杯中称量20g的双酚F二缩水甘油醚、占双酚F二缩水甘油醚质量为70%的甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐固化剂和占双酚F二缩水甘油醚质量为1%的三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚促进剂,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,在120℃下固化2h和150℃下固化4h,得到固化的双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂。
S2:在圆底烧瓶中称量2g的固化后的双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂,再以1:10的比例
加入1g的二氯甲烷和10g的二乙烯三胺,密闭于阴凉干燥环境下存储48h进行预浸泡。
S3:将预处理后的样品在130℃下进行回流,回流50min后,冷却至室温进行抽滤,得到过滤后的残渣为未降解的环氧树脂,将其放入60℃烘箱干燥后称量得到0.0573g固化双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂降解滤渣,降解率高达97.14%;同时将滤液滴入水中与水混合析出沉淀,并进行抽滤得到回收的环氧树脂,将其放入60℃烘箱干燥后称量得到1.0643g回收的双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂;收集滤液在一定温度(130℃)下进行常压蒸馏一段时间(6h),得到回收的二乙烯三胺。
与双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂表征结果类似,通过分析回收的双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的红外光谱图(图9),同样降解后双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的主链骨架没有被破坏,而在1730cm-1处的酯基中的C=O峰强度明显下降,表明双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的酯键被裂解。通过测得的玻璃转化温度(图10)可以看出,回收后的双酚F二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂由小分子或低聚物组成。上述结论通过13C-NMR(图11)得到进一步证实。降解后,在173ppm不存在酯基。这表明,混合反应型溶剂热法的降解反应主要是通过断裂酯基来实现的。
实施例3
在本实施例中,一种热固性酸酐和胺类固化的各类环氧树脂基于双溶剂室温预处理实现高效溶剂热降解回收的有效方案,步骤如下:
S1:在烧杯中称量20g的三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚、占三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚质量为70%的甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐固化剂和占三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚质量为1%的三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚促进剂,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,在120℃下固化2h和150℃下固化4h,得到固化的三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂。
S2:在圆底烧瓶中称量2g的固化后的三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂,再以1:10的比例加入1g的二氯甲烷和10g的二乙烯三胺,密闭于阴凉干燥环境下存储48h进行预浸泡。
S3:将预处理后的样品在150℃下进行回流,回流70min后,冷却至室温进行抽滤,得到过滤后的残渣为未降解的环氧树脂,将其放入60℃烘箱干燥后称量得到0.0888g固化三(4-
羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂降解滤渣,降解率高达95.56%;同时将滤液滴入水中与水混合析出沉淀,并进行抽滤得到回收的环氧树脂,将其放入60℃烘箱干燥后称量得到0.5276g回收的三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂;收集滤液在一定温度(130℃)下进行常压蒸馏一段时间(6h),得到回收的二乙烯三胺。
由回收的三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的红外光谱图可以看出(图12),降解后三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的主链骨架没有被破坏,而在1728cm-1处的酯基中的C=O峰强度明显下降,表明三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的酯键被裂解。说明混合反应型溶剂热法是将聚合物降解成小分子或低聚物。
实施例4
在本实施例中,一种热固性酸酐和胺类固化的各类环氧树脂基于双溶剂室温预处理实现高效溶剂热降解回收的有效方案,步骤如下:
S1:在烧杯中称量20g的三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚、占三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚质量为70%的甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐固化剂和占三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚质量为1%的三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚促进剂,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,在120℃下固化2h和150℃下固化4h,得到固化的三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂。
S2:在圆底烧瓶中称量2g的固化后的三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂,再以1:10的比例加入1g的二氯甲烷和10g的二乙烯三胺,密闭于阴凉干燥环境下存储48h进行预浸泡。
S3:将预处理后的样品在150℃下进行回流,回流70min后,冷却至室温进行抽滤,过滤残渣极少,即未降解的环氧树脂接近为零,降解率高达近似100%。
由图13的示意图可以看出固化的三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂通过混合反应型溶剂热法降解后基本无滤渣。通过红外光谱测得固化的三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂的谱图(图14),从图中可以看出,固化的三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂在1729cm-1处的酯基中的C=O峰强度较高,表明固化的三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚环氧树脂含有酯键。
实施例5
在本实施例中,一种热固性酸酐和胺类固化的各类环氧树脂基于双溶剂室温预处理实现高效溶剂热降解回收的有效方案,步骤如下:
S1:在烧杯中称量20g的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、占四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油
酯质量为70%的甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐固化剂和占四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯质量为1%的三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚促进剂,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,在120℃下固化2h和150℃下固化4h,得到固化的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂。
S2:在圆底烧瓶中称量2g的固化后的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂,再以1:10的比例加入1g的二氯甲烷和10g的二乙烯三胺,密闭于阴凉干燥环境下存储48h进行预浸泡。
S3:将预处理后的样品在150℃下进行回流,回流70min后,冷却至室温进行抽滤,过滤基本无残渣,即未降解的环氧树脂基本为零,降解率高达近似100%。
通过红外光谱测得固化的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂的谱图(图15),从图中可以看出,固化的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂在1726cm-1处的酯基中的C=O峰强度较高,表明固化的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂含有酯键。
实施例6
在本实施例中,一种热固性酸酐和胺类固化的各类环氧树脂基于双溶剂室温预处理实现高效溶剂热降解回收的有效方案,步骤如下:
S1:在烧杯中称量20g的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、占四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯质量为12%的二乙烯三胺固化剂,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,在25℃下凝胶30min和120℃下固化2h,得到固化的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂。
S2:在圆底烧瓶中称量2g的固化后的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂,再以1:10的比例加入1g的二氯甲烷和10g的二乙烯三胺,密闭于阴凉干燥环境下存储48h进行预浸泡。
S3:将预处理后的样品在130℃下进行回流,回流50min后,冷却至室温进行抽滤,过滤基本无残渣,即未降解的环氧树脂接近为零,降解率高达近似100%。
通过红外光谱测得二乙烯三胺固化的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂的谱图(图16),从图中可以看出,固化的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂在1722cm-1处的酯基中的C=O峰强度较高,表明二乙烯三胺固化的四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯环氧树脂含有酯键。
实施例7
在本实施例中,一种热固性环氧树脂基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,步骤如下:
S1:在烧杯中称量20g的E51树脂(凤凰牌)和25g的市售的改性甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,按产品使用说明建议在80℃下固化2h,得到固化的商业E51环氧树脂。
S2:在圆底烧瓶中称量2g的固化后的商业E51环氧树脂,再以1:10的比例加入1g的二氯甲烷和10g的二乙烯三胺,密闭于阴凉干燥环境下存储48h进行预浸泡。
S3:将预处理后的样品在130℃下进行回流,回流50min后,冷却至室温进行抽滤,得到过滤后的残渣为未降解的环氧树脂,将其放入60℃烘箱干燥后称量得到仅0.0007g固化商业E51环氧树脂未降解残渣,降解率高达99.97%(图17a)。
实施例8
在本实施例中,一种热固性环氧树脂基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,步骤如下:
S1:在烧杯中称量20g的E44树脂(凤凰牌)和25g的市售的改性甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,按照产品使用说明建议在80℃下固化2h,得到固化的商业E44环氧树脂。
S2:在圆底烧瓶中称量2g的固化后的商业E44环氧树脂,再以1:10的比例加入1g的二氯甲烷和10g的二乙烯三胺,密闭于阴凉干燥环境下存储48h进行预浸泡。
S3:将预处理后的样品在130℃下进行回流,回流50min后,冷却至室温进行抽滤,得到过滤后的残渣为未降解的环氧树脂,将其放入60℃烘箱干燥后称量得到仅0.0002g固化商业E44环氧树脂未降解残渣,降解率高达99.99%(图17b)。
对比例1
在本实施例中,与一种热固性环氧树脂基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法对比实验,步骤如下:
S1:在烧杯中称量20g的双酚A二缩水甘油醚、占双酚A二缩水甘油醚质量为70%的甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐固化剂和占双酚A二缩水甘油醚质量为1%的三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚促进
剂,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,在120℃下固化2h和150℃下固化4h,得到固化的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂。
S2:在圆底烧瓶中称量2g的固化后的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂,单独加入11g的二氯甲烷,密闭于阴凉干燥环境下存储48h进行预浸泡。
S3:将预处理后的样品在130℃下进行回流,回流50min后,冷却至室温进行抽滤,得到过滤后的残渣为未降解的环氧树脂,将其放入60℃烘箱干燥后称量得到2.3189g固化双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂降解残渣,未起到降解效果(图18a)。
对比例2
在本实施例中,与一种热固性环氧树脂基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法对比实验,步骤如下:
S1:在烧杯中称量20g的双酚A二缩水甘油醚、占双酚A二缩水甘油醚质量为70%的甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐固化剂和占双酚A二缩水甘油醚质量为1%的三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚促进剂,搅拌一段时间,倒入模具中,抽真空排除内部空气,在120℃下固化2h和150℃下固化4h,得到固化的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂。
S2:在圆底烧瓶中称量2g的固化后的双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂,单独加入11g的二乙烯三胺,密闭于阴凉干燥环境下存储48h进行预浸泡。
S3:将预处理后的样品在130℃下进行回流,回流50min后,冷却至室温进行抽滤,得到过滤后的残渣为未降解的环氧树脂,将其放入60℃烘箱干燥后称量得到2.7575g固化双酚A二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂降解残渣,未起到降解效果(图18b)。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (10)
- 一种基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:S1:提供固化的环氧树脂;S2:将所述固化的环氧树脂加入双溶剂进行预浸泡以提供预处理后的样品;所述双溶剂选自卤代烷烃和脂肪族胺;S3:将所述预处理的样品在低温区间进行回流,冷却至室温,第一次抽滤后得到第一滤液,将所述第一滤液与水混合析出沉淀或形成分散液,对沉淀进行第二次抽滤、对分散液进一步分离后回收得到环氧树脂降解小分子或低聚物。
- 如权利要求1所述的基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,固化的环氧树脂的制备方法包括:将环氧树脂单体、固化剂混合搅拌,室温或加热固化后获得固化的环氧树脂;其中,固化剂选自酸酐固化剂和/或胺类固化剂。
- 如权利要求2所述的基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂单体选自双酚A二缩水甘油醚、双酚F二缩水甘油醚、三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷三缩水甘油醚、三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚、四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯中的一种或多种的组合;和/或,所述酸酐固化剂选自邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基纳迪克酸酐、十二烯基琥珀酸酐、均苯四甲酸酐、苯酮四酸二酐或偏苯三甲酸酐中的一种或多种的组合;和/或,所述胺类固化剂选自乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、二乙氨基丙胺、间苯二甲胺、间苯二胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷、双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷或双(4-胺基环己基)甲烷中的一种或多种的组合;和/或,还包括酚类促进剂,将环氧树脂单体、固化剂和酚类促进剂混合搅拌;和/或,所述环氧树脂单体用量为≥20g;和/或,所述固化剂用量为环氧树脂单体用量的10%~70%。
- 如权利要求3所述的基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,其特征在于,所述酚类促进剂选自苯酚、邻甲酚、间甲酚、间苯二酚、三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚或壬基酚中的一种或多种的组合;和/或,所述酚类促进剂用量为环氧树脂单体用量的0%~1.5%。
- 如权利要求2所述的基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效 方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,固化温度为室温至200℃之间;和/或,步骤S1中,固化时间为≥0.5h。
- 如权利要求1所述的基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述卤代烷烃选自二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、二氯丙烷、三氯甲烷和三氯乙烷中的一种或多种的组合;和/或,步骤S2中,所述脂肪族胺选自乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、四乙烯五胺、二乙氨基丙胺、双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷或双(4-胺基环己基)甲烷中的一种或多种的组合。
- 如权利要求1所述的基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,固化的环氧树脂的用量为≥2g;和/或,步骤S2中,所述固化的环氧树脂与双溶剂的质量比为2~5:10~20。
- 如权利要求1所述的基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,卤代烷烃和脂肪族胺的质量比≤1。
- 如权利要求1所述的基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,低温区间温度为≤150℃;回流时间为≤70min。
- 如权利要求1所述的基于混合反应型溶剂热法的热固性环氧树脂预处理降解回收的高效方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,第一次抽滤后无滤渣或还得到一定量的滤渣;当含有滤渣时,滤渣为未降解的固化的环氧树脂;和/或,第二次抽滤后还得到第二滤液,将第二滤液蒸馏回收主要溶剂成分。
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