WO2024251553A1 - Verfahren zum betrieb einer halbbrücke, treiberschaltung und stromwandler mit der treiberschaltung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betrieb einer halbbrücke, treiberschaltung und stromwandler mit der treiberschaltung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024251553A1 WO2024251553A1 PCT/EP2024/064552 EP2024064552W WO2024251553A1 WO 2024251553 A1 WO2024251553 A1 WO 2024251553A1 EP 2024064552 W EP2024064552 W EP 2024064552W WO 2024251553 A1 WO2024251553 A1 WO 2024251553A1
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- semiconductor switch
- gate
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- switch
- bridge
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
- H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
- H03K17/162—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0036—Means reducing energy consumption
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0063—High side switches, i.e. the higher potential [DC] or life wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0072—Low side switches, i.e. the lower potential [DC] or neutral wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a half-bridge with two semiconductor switches arranged in series with one another, in particular - but not exclusively - semiconductor switches based on silicon carbide (SiC).
- the invention further relates to a driver circuit designed for the method for operating the half-bridge, as well as a current transformer with at least one such driver circuit.
- SiC-based semiconductor switches based on silicon carbide (SiC) have various advantages over conventional silicon-based semiconductor switches. Specifically, they can be operated at higher temperatures, higher (blocking) voltages, and higher switching frequencies. SiC-based semiconductor switches generally have lower switching losses and a lower contact resistance Ros.on, which is why the heat loss that has to be dissipated during operation of these components is typically lower than with conventional Si-based semiconductor switches. Due to these advantages, SiC-based semiconductor switches, for example SiC-based metal oxide field effect transistors (SiC MOSFETs) or SiC-based insulated gate bipolar transistors (SiC IGBTs), are also increasingly being used in various areas of power electronics.
- SiC MOSFETs SiC-based metal oxide field effect transistors
- SiC IGBTs SiC-based insulated gate bipolar transistors
- SiC-based semiconductor switches have a narrower tolerance range with regard to their permissible gate-source voltage compared to conventional semiconductor switches. Specifically, they are susceptible to operation at negative gate-source voltages that lie outside of a permitted tolerance range. Furthermore, when operating a half-bridge made up of two SiC semiconductor switches, the switching process of one semiconductor switch results in a stronger crosstalk to the gate-source voltage of the other, i.e. complementary, semiconductor switch due to its faster switching behavior. The voltage peaks that arise from crosstalk, which increase at higher switching frequencies, can damage the SiC semiconductor switches.
- the voltage peaks can even lead to undesirable behavior, For example, this can lead to an unwanted switching on of a semiconductor switch and thus destroy it.
- the documents US11184003B2 and US11108388B1 disclose a method and a driver circuit for a silicon carbide power device, which are used to suppress a voltage spike caused by a change in a gate-source voltage and crosstalk.
- the silicon carbide power device is controlled by a driver and comprises a gate-source voltage and a source voltage.
- the source voltage decreases in accordance with an increase in the gate-source voltage or the source voltage increases in accordance with a drop in the gate-source voltage.
- the known method is complex and expensive to implement. Therefore, an alternative method and an alternative driver circuit for gentle operation of a half-bridge, in particular a half-bridge with SiC-based semiconductor switches, is desirable, which avoids the above-mentioned disadvantages, or at least reduces them.
- the method comprises the step: setting a first variation of a first current profile by means of a first gate driver at the first control contact to close the first switching element.
- the method further comprises the step: setting a second variation of a second current profile by means of a second gate driver at the second control contact while closing the first switching element.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for the gentle operation of a half-bridge made up of two series-connected semiconductor switches, in particular SiC-based semiconductor switches, with which exceeding a permitted tolerance range of the gate-source voltage due to voltage peaks present during operation is reduced. It is also the object of the invention to show a driver circuit suitable for carrying out the method and a current converter with such a driver circuit.
- the fact that the variation of the gate-source voltage UGS at the switched-off semiconductor switch counteracts a voltage peak means, according to the invention, that when there is an upward voltage peak (i.e. towards more positive values) in the gate-source voltage, the gate potential is lowered. Accordingly, when there is a downward voltage peak in the gate-source voltage UGS, the gate potential is raised.
- the fact that the variation of the gate-source voltage at the switched-off semiconductor switch occurs depending on the switching process of the other semiconductor switch means that it does not have to occur continuously, but can only occur temporarily and in particular in close temporal proximity to the switching process of the other semiconductor switch. It can also mean that an extent of the variation of the gate potential UG at the gate driver connection occurs depending on a frequency of the switching process of the semiconductor switch.
- a driver circuit according to the invention is designed to operate a half-bridge, wherein the half-bridge has a first semiconductor switch and a second semiconductor switch, which are connected in series between a first bridge terminal and a second bridge terminal.
- the driver circuit comprises: a first control circuit with a first gate driver terminal for connection to a gate terminal of the first semiconductor switch and a first source driver terminal for connection to a source terminal of the first semiconductor switch, a second drive circuit with a second gate driver terminal for connection to the gate terminal of the second semiconductor switch and a second source driver terminal for connection to a source terminal of the second semiconductor switch, and a control unit for operating the first drive circuit and the second drive circuit.
- the driver circuit is characterized in that it is designed and configured to operate the half-bridge according to the method according to the invention.
- the fact that the driver circuit is set up to operate the half-bridge according to the method according to the invention includes in particular that the first control circuit is designed to vary a gate-source voltage UGS at the first gate driver connection by changing a gate potential UG applied thereto when the first semiconductor switch is turned off. It also includes that the second control circuit is designed to vary a gate-source voltage UGS at the second gate driver connection by changing a gate potential UG applied thereto when the second semiconductor switch is turned off.
- the driver circuit can, but does not necessarily have to, be present as a separate component relative to the half-bridge. Rather, it is also possible for the driver circuit with its control circuits and the half-bridge with its semiconductor switches to be arranged on a common circuit board and connected to one another there via conductor tracks. In this case, the respective end points of the corresponding conductor tracks can be viewed as gate driver connections, source driver connections, gate connections and source connections.
- the invention uses the effect that the risk is reduced, and possibly even prevented, by varying the gate potential on the switched-off semiconductor switch, i.e. the semiconductor switch that is present in the switched-off state, that the voltage peak that is generated in the gate-source voltage of the switched-off semiconductor switch by the switching process of the other semiconductor switch exceeds a permissible tolerance range of the semiconductor switch.
- the risk is reduced, and possibly even prevented, that an upwardly directed voltage peak exceeds an upper tolerance limit and thus leads to an undesired switching on of the switched-off semiconductor switch.
- This is achieved according to the invention by the fact that, in the event of an expected upwardly directed Voltage peak, the gate potential of the switched-off semiconductor switch is lowered, in particular temporarily lowered.
- both a starting point and an end point of the voltage peak are lowered and exceeding the upper tolerance limit is prevented, or at least reduced. Furthermore, the risk can be reduced, or possibly even prevented, that a downward-directed voltage peak in the gate-source voltage of the switched-off semiconductor switch falls below a lower tolerance limit, in particular repeatedly falls below it and thereby permanently damages the semiconductor switch.
- This is done according to the invention in that, in the event of an expected downward-directed voltage peak, the gate potential of the switched-off semiconductor switch is raised, in particular temporarily raised, i.e. varied towards more positive values.
- a driver circuit designed for the process does not necessarily require additional components and therefore an increased component outlay.
- the changes required for the driver circuit are limited to corresponding software changes in the existing control unit of the driver circuit. Additional hardware - and the associated costs - are usually not required, and if at all, only to a limited extent.
- a starting point of the variation of the gate-source voltage and a time of a signal to trigger the switching process on the other semiconductor switch can be used as reference points for the time offset ⁇ t.
- the time at which the triggering of the switching process on the other semiconductor switch is signaled can also be selected, i.e. the time at which the maximum rate of change of an absolute value of a drain-source voltage on the other semiconductor switch is present, ie
- max.
- the variation of the gate-source voltage UGS at the switched-off semiconductor switch can include an increase in the gate potential UG at the corresponding gate driver connection when the other semiconductor switch is switched off. Specifically, switching off the other semiconductor switch results in a downward voltage peak in the gate-source voltage UGS of the semiconductor switch that is already switched off, i.e. the semiconductor switch that is not currently performing a switching operation. By raising the gate potential UG at the switched-off semiconductor switch, the downward voltage peak is shifted to more positive values. This prevents, or at least reduces, the voltage peak from falling below a lower tolerance limit assigned to the switched-off semiconductor switch.
- the variation of the gate-source voltage UGS at the switched-off semiconductor switch can include a reduction in the gate potential UG at the corresponding gate driver connection when the other semiconductor switch is switched on.
- Switching on the other semiconductor switch results in an upward voltage peak in the gate-source voltage UGS of the switched-off semiconductor switch, i.e. the semiconductor switch that is not currently performing a switching operation.
- the voltage peak is shifted towards more negative values. and exceeding an upper tolerance limit assigned to the switched-off semiconductor switch is prevented or reduced.
- the gate-source voltage UGS on the switched-off semiconductor switch can be varied by temporarily connecting a capacitor with a preset voltage to the corresponding gate driver terminal - and via this to the gate terminal of the switched-off semiconductor switch - in the respective control circuit that is assigned to the switched-off semiconductor switch, depending on the switching operation of the other semiconductor switch.
- the gate potential is varied by a charge exchange between the precharged capacitor and a parasitic gate-source capacitance of the switched-off semiconductor switch. After the voltage peak occurs, the capacitor can be separated from the gate driver terminal again and connected to a voltage source within the control circuit, whereby it can be precharged again for a subsequent voltage peak.
- the first control circuit of the driver circuit can comprise a capacitor that has a first contact that can be connected via a switch - possibly also via two switches - either to a first pole of a voltage source or to the first gate driver terminal of the first control circuit.
- a second contact of the capacitor of the first control circuit can be connected to a second pole of the voltage source of the first control circuit.
- the second control circuit it is also possible for the second control circuit to comprise a capacitor that has a first contact that can be connected via a switch - possibly also via two switches - either to a first pole of a voltage source or to the second gate driver terminal of the second control circuit.
- a second contact of the capacitor of the second control circuit can be connected to a second pole of the voltage source of the second control circuit.
- the gate-source voltage UGS at the switched-off semiconductor switch within the driver circuit - and thus also the gate potential UG within the driver circuit - can be varied by setting a potential using a voltage divider.
- the first control circuit can, alternatively or cumulatively also the second control circuit, each have a voltage divider.
- the voltage divider can each have a bridge branch.
- Each of the bridge branches can each comprise an upper series connection of an upper switch and an upper resistor, as well as a lower series connection of a lower switch and a lower resistor.
- each bridge branch of a, in particular the same, control circuit can each be connected to one another via a center tap assigned to the bridge branch.
- the lower series connections of each bridge branch of a, in particular the same, control circuit can also be connected to one another via the center tap assigned to the bridge branch.
- the center tap of each bridge branch of a, in particular the same, control circuit can each be connected to the gate driver connection of the control circuit assigned to it.
- the gate driver connection of each control circuit can in turn be connected to the gate connection of the semiconductor switch assigned to it. In this way, the gate terminal of each semiconductor switch is connected to the center tap or taps of the control circuit assigned to it.
- the first control circuit and/or the second control circuit can therefore each have a voltage divider, the voltage divider comprising a first number of upper series connections, each with an upper switch and an upper resistor, and a second number of lower series connections, different from the first number, each with a lower switch and a lower resistor.
- each of the upper series circuits is connected to each of the lower series circuits via a common center tap.
- the common center tap is connected to the gate driver terminal of the corresponding control circuit.
- the gate driver terminal is in turn connected to the gate terminal of the semiconductor switch that is assigned to the respective control circuit.
- the gate-source voltage UGS at the switched-off semiconductor switch is varied within the control circuit of the switched-off semiconductor switch by setting a potential using the voltage divider designed in this way.
- the common center tap of the voltage divider is connected to the gate driver terminal of the corresponding control circuit.
- the gate driver terminal of each of the control circuits is in turn connected to the gate terminal of the semiconductor switch assigned to it. This therefore also applies to the control circuit that is assigned to the switched-off semiconductor switch in each case. Therefore, the potential that prevails at the common center tap of the voltage divider and the associated gate driver terminal of the control circuit assigned to the switched-off semiconductor switch can be transferred to the gate terminal of the switched-off semiconductor switch.
- the potential can be set using the voltage divider by closing at least one or more upper switches and one or more lower switches of the voltage divider at the same time.
- the variant of the method can be used for any of the voltage dividers shown. The use is therefore independent of whether the first number of upper series circuits in the voltage divider is equal to or different from the second number of lower series circuits.
- a predefined potential can be statically provided at the center tap of the voltage divider and transferred to the gate driver connection of the associated control circuit. The transfer of the potential can take place continuously for a predetermined period of time by keeping the corresponding switches continuously closed for the predetermined period of time.
- the potential can also be set using the voltage divider in that either one or more upper switches, but none of the lower switches, are closed at the same time in the voltage divider in question, or in that one or more lower switches, but none of the upper switches, are closed at the same time in the voltage divider in question.
- the alternative variant of the method can also be used for each of the voltage dividers shown, regardless of whether the first number of upper series circuits in the voltage divider is equal to or different from the second number of lower series circuits.
- the center tap can jump back and forth between several, for example between two, potentials, whereby the gate-source capacitance of the switched-off semiconductor switch can be charged or discharged in a clocked manner in short time pulses.
- the first control circuit can be constructed identically or essentially identically to the second control circuit.
- the first control circuit can also have a design that is different from a design of the second control circuit.
- one of the control circuits can have a voltage divider and the other of the control circuits can have a capacitor for changing the gate potential.
- the first control circuit can have a maximum of one voltage source or a maximum of two voltage sources.
- the second control circuit can have a maximum of one voltage source or a maximum of two voltage sources.
- a voltage source within the scope of the invention is understood to mean a component or circuit whose voltage does not change or only changes insignificantly even under load. An insignificant In this case, a change is in particular a voltage change that does not exceed 30% of the nominal value of the voltage source.
- a current transformer according to the invention comprises one or more half-bridges and one or more driver circuits according to the invention.
- the driver circuit/each of the driver circuits is designed to control a half-bridge of the one or more half-bridges assigned to it in accordance with the method according to the invention.
- Fig. 1a shows a half-bridge with two semiconductor switches, which is controlled by a conventional driver circuit
- Fig. 1b Diagrams for explaining a voltage peak in the gate-source voltage of a semiconductor switch, which is generated when the other semiconductor switch is turned on with the conventional driver circuit;
- Fig. 1c diagrams for explaining a voltage peak in the gate-source voltage of a semiconductor switch, which is generated when the other semiconductor switch is turned off with the conventional driver circuit;
- Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a driver circuit according to the invention for reducing/preventing damage to a half-bridge by a voltage peak in the gate-source voltage of a semiconductor switch
- Fig. 3 Diagrams to explain an operation of the driver circuit from Fig. 2 (using the example: switching off the other semiconductor switch);
- Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of a driver circuit according to the invention for reducing/preventing damage to a half-bridge by a voltage peak in the gate-source voltage of a semiconductor switch
- Fig. 5a Diagrams to explain an operation of the driver circuit from Fig. 4 (using the example of switching on the other semiconductor switch);
- Fig. 5b Diagrams to explain an operation of the driver circuit from Fig. 4 (using the example of switching off the other semiconductor switch);
- Fig. 6 shows a third embodiment of a driver circuit according to the invention for reducing/preventing damage to a half-bridge by a voltage peak in the gate-source voltage of a semiconductor switch
- Fig. 7 Diagrams for explaining an operation of the driver circuit from Fig. 6 (using the example of switching off the other semiconductor switch);
- Fig. 8 shows a fourth embodiment of a driver circuit according to the invention for reducing/preventing damage to a half-bridge by a voltage peak in the gate-source voltage of a semiconductor switch
- Fig. 1a shows a conventional driver circuit 80 for controlling a half-bridge 100 with a first semiconductor switch 110 and a second semiconductor switch 120, which are arranged between bridge terminals 101, 102 of the half-bridge 100 and are connected to one another in series via a bridge tap 103.
- Each of the semiconductor switches 110, 120 is controlled via a control circuit 60, 70 of the driver circuit 80 assigned to it and is alternately switched on and off via this.
- each of the control circuits 60, 70 has a voltage generator 61, 71, the first contact of which is connected to a gate terminal 115, 125 of the corresponding semiconductor switch 110, 120 via an ohmic resistor 62, 72 and a gate driver terminal 65, 75 of the control circuit 60, 70.
- Voltage generator 61, 71 is connected via a source driver connection 66, 76 to a source connection 116, 126 of the corresponding semiconductor switch 110, 120.
- the control circuits 60, 70 are controlled via a control unit 50 of the driver circuit 80 and are designed to switch the semiconductor switches 110, 120 assigned to them on and off in an alternating manner by generating a corresponding gate-source voltage UGS.
- the semiconductor switches 110, 120 are shown as MOSFETs by way of example.
- each can be a silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET.
- SiC silicon carbide
- IGBTs for example as SiC IGBTs.
- the semiconductor switches 110, 120 have parasitic capacitances.
- the half-bridge 100 also has an antiparallel oriented freewheeling diode 113, 123 for each of the two semiconductor switches 110, 120.
- the freewheeling diode 113, 123 can be either an intrinsic diode of the corresponding semiconductor switch 110, 120 (e.g. in the case of a MOSFET as a semiconductor switch) or a separate freewheeling diode that is connected antiparallel to the corresponding semiconductor switch (e.g. in the case of an IGBT as a semiconductor switch).
- diagram 93 represents a time profile 220 of the gate-source voltage UGS and diagram 94 represents a time profile 225 of the drain-source voltage UDS of the second (here switched off) semiconductor switch 120.
- the time profiles can arise, for example, when using the driver circuit 80 in conjunction with the half-bridge 100 when the first semiconductor switch 110 is switched on, when the second semiconductor switch 120 is switched off.
- the voltage generator 61 of the first control circuit 60 generates a sudden voltage increase to switch the first semiconductor switch 110 when the second semiconductor switch 120 is switched off.
- the gate-source capacitance 112 of the corresponding semiconductor switch 110 is charged via the resistor 62, which charging is reflected in the time curve 210 in the gate-source voltage of the first semiconductor switch 110 - here an exponentially decaying voltage increase.
- a threshold value for the gate-source voltage UGS is reached, an almost sudden switching on of the corresponding semiconductor switch 110 is initiated. Accordingly, the drain-source voltage UDS assigned to the semiconductor switch 110 drops to a low value that corresponds to a forward voltage of the switch.
- the sudden drop in the voltage drop UDS across the load terminals of the first semiconductor switch leads to a sudden increase in the voltage drop of the second semiconductor switch 120.
- the voltage drop between the drain terminal and the source terminal of the second (switched off) semiconductor switch 120 increases suddenly to twice the value, namely from half the voltage applied between the bridge terminals 101, 102 (when the switching state of the two semiconductor switches 110, 120 is open) to almost the entire voltage applied between the bridge terminals 101, 102 (when the second semiconductor switch 120 is open and the first semiconductor switch 110 is closed).
- the high temporal change rates of the voltage drops between the load terminals of the semiconductor switches 110, 120 result in strong charge reversal processes at the corresponding gate-drain capacitances 111, 121 of the semiconductor switches 110, 120.
- the corresponding charging current must be provided by the control circuit 70 of the second semiconductor switch 120 at the gate-drain capacitance 121 of the second semiconductor switch 120, despite its permanently switched off state during this period.
- the charge transfer current of the control circuit 70 between the voltage generator 71 and the gate connection 125 of the second semiconductor switch 120 is limited by the resistor 72 and cannot assume arbitrarily high values, this subsequently leads to an upward (ie towards positive values) directed voltage peak 221 in the time profile 220 of the gate-source voltage UGS of the second semiconductor switch 120 (see diagram 93).
- the voltage peak 221 can, if it exceeds an upper tolerance limit 222, even lead to an undesired switching on of the second semiconductor switch 120 and thus to a Short circuit of the half-bridge 100 and possibly destruction of both semiconductor switches 110, 120.
- time profiles 210, 215, 220, 225 of characteristic voltages are shown in several diagrams 91, 92, 93, 94 for the case that the first semiconductor switch 110 is switched off while the second semiconductor switch 120 is switched off.
- Diagram 91 shows the time profile 210 of the gate-source voltage UGS and diagram 92 shows the corresponding time profile 215 for the voltage drop UDS across the load connections (i.e. drain and source) of the first semiconductor switch 110.
- Diagram 93 shows the time profile 220 of the gate-source voltage UGS and diagram 94 shows the time profile 225 of the voltage drop UDS between the load connections drain and source for the second semiconductor switch 120.
- the voltage change between the load terminals of the first semiconductor switch 110 during its switch-off process produces an opposite voltage change between the terminals of the second semiconductor switch 120.
- the voltage drop between the drain and source of the second semiconductor switch is abruptly halved, i.e. from almost a full voltage applied between the bridge terminals 101, 102 (when the first semiconductor switch 110 is switched on) to almost half the voltage applied between the bridge terminals 101, 102 (when the first semiconductor switch 110 is switched off and the second semiconductor switch 120 is switched off) (see diagram 94).
- Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a driver circuit 1 according to the invention in conjunction with a half-bridge 100 operated by the driver circuit 1.
- the driver circuit 1 is designed to reduce/prevent damage to the half-bridge 100 by a voltage peak 221 in the gate-source voltage UGS of one of the semiconductor switches 110, 120.
- the semiconductor switches 110, 120 of the half-bridge 100 can in particular be SiC MOSFETs or SiC IGBTs.
- the half-bridge 100 essentially corresponds in its structure to the half-bridge 100 also shown in Fig. 1 a. Therefore, reference is made here to the description in Fig. 1 a and only the driver circuit 1 is explained in more detail below.
- the driver circuit 1 includes two control circuits 10, 20, each of which is assigned to one of the semiconductor switches 110, 120. They each have a gate driver connection 15, 25 and a source driver connection 16, 26. In each control circuit 10, 20, the gate driver connection 15, 25 is connected to the gate connection 115, 125 and the source driver connection 16, 26 is connected to the source connection 116, 126 of the associated semiconductor switch 110, 120.
- Each of the control circuits 10, 20 has two voltage sources 11, 12, 21, 22, which are connected to one another in series via a center point 13, 23. Each of the voltage sources 11, 12, 21, 22 has a voltage Un, U21, U12, U22 assigned to it.
- the center point 13, 23 serves as a reference potential GND10, GND20 for the respective control circuit 10, 20 and is connected to the corresponding source driver connection 16, 26 for each of the control circuits 10, 20.
- the control circuits 10, 20 also each have a voltage divider in the form of a bridge branch.
- the bridge branch comprises an upper series connection of an upper switch S10.1, S20.1 and a upper resistor R10.1, R20.1 and a lower series connection of a lower switch S10.2, S20.2 and a lower resistor R10.2, R20.2.
- the upper and lower series connections of the same bridge branch are each connected in series via a center tap 14, 24.
- each bridge branch is connected at one end to a positive (+) pole of the first voltage source 11, 21 and at the other end to a negative (-) pole of the second voltage source 12, 22.
- the center tap 14, 24 is each connected to the gate driver terminal 15, 25 of the corresponding control circuit 10, 20.
- the center tap 14, 24 is used not only to switch the semiconductor switch 110, 120 assigned to it on and off, but also to change a gate potential UG at the gate connection 15, 25 of the respective semiconductor switch 110, 120 when it is in the switched-off, i.e. open, state.
- the driver circuit 1 has a control unit 5 for controlling the control circuits 10, 20, in particular for controlling their upper and lower switches S10.1, S10.2, S20.1, S20.2.
- the driver circuit 1 is particularly designed to change a gate potential UG of the first semiconductor switch 110 depending on a switching operation on the second semiconductor switch 120 when the first semiconductor switch 120 is in a switched-off, i.e. open, state.
- the driver circuit 1 is additionally designed to change a gate potential UG of the second semiconductor switch 120 as a function of a switching operation at the first semiconductor switch 110 when the second semiconductor switch 120 is in a switched-off, i.e., open, state.
- FIG. 3 an operation of the driver circuit 1 from Fig. 2 is explained using diagrams 304, 305, 306.
- the explanation is given by way of example for the case of switching off the first semiconductor switch 110 when the second semiconductor switch 120 is switched off, i.e., is switched off.
- the starting point is a first semiconductor switch 110 that is switched on and a second semiconductor switch 120 that is switched off.
- the upper switch S10.1 is closed and the lower switch S10.2 is open in the first control circuit 10.
- the upper switch S20.1 is in its open state and the lower switch S20.2 is in its closed state.
- the diagram 304 shows a time profile 210 of the gate-source voltage UGS at the first semiconductor switch 110. At time t0, the switch-off process of the first semiconductor switch 110 is initiated.
- the gate potential UG of the second semiconductor switch 120 is raised relative to its source potential.
- the increase is achieved by briefly opening the lower switch S20.2 and briefly closing the upper switch S20.1 in the second control unit 20. This is shown in diagram 305 using the time profiles assigned to the switches S10.1, S10.2, S20.1, S20.2.
- the voltage peak 221 is shifted upwards, which is symbolized by an upward-pointing arrow in diagram 306, which shows a time profile of the gate-source voltage UGS at the second semiconductor switch 120.
- a multiple pulsed increase can also take place.
- the upper switch S20.1 of the second control circuit 20 would have several short switch-on pulses. In this way, a falling below of the tolerance limit 223 on the second semiconductor switch 120 can be prevented in a clocked manner, which would otherwise occur in the conventional manner.
- the operation explained above can also be transferred to the case in which the second semiconductor switch 120 within the half-bridge 100 is switched off, i.e. switched off, the first semiconductor switch 110 is switched off.
- the time curve 210 shown in diagram 304 reflects the gate-source voltage UGS at the second semiconductor switch 120
- the time curve 220 shown in diagram 306 reflects the gate-source voltage UGS at the switched off first semiconductor switch 110.
- a second embodiment of a driver circuit according to the invention is
- the driver circuit 1 for reducing/preventing damage to a half-bridge 100 by a voltage peak 221 in the gate-source voltage of a semiconductor switch 1 10, 120.
- the driver circuit 1 corresponds in many respects to the first embodiment already shown in Fig. 2, which is why reference is made to the figure description of Fig. 2 for the identical points. In the following, therefore, only the differences to the first embodiment according to Fig. 2 are described.
- the second embodiment of the driver circuit 1 also includes two control circuits 10, 20, each of which is designed to control one of the semiconductor switches 110, 120.
- each of the control circuits 10, 20 includes a voltage divider with
- Each of the half-bridges has an upper series circuit comprising an upper switch S10.1, S10.3, S20.1, S20.3 and an upper resistor R10.1, R10.3, R20.1, R20.3, and a lower series circuit comprising a lower switch S10.2, S10.4, S20.2, S20.4 and a lower resistor R10.2, R10.4, R20.2, R20.4.
- the upper series circuits and the lower series circuits of each, in particular the same, half-bridge are each connected in series to one another via a center tap 14, 24.
- Each of the center taps 14, 24 is connected to the gate driver terminal 15, 25 of its associated control circuit 10, 20.
- the source driver terminal 16, 26 of each drive circuit 10, 20 is connected to the center point 13, 23 of its corresponding drive circuit 10, 20.
- the center point 13, 23, via which the two voltage sources Un, U12 of a control circuit 10, 20 are connected in series serves as reference potential GND10, GND20 within the control circuit 10, 20.
- the control unit 5 is designed to set a potential UG at the gate driver terminal 15, 25 within each control circuit 10, 20 - and above that a gate-source voltage UGS between the gate driver terminal 15, 25 and the source driver terminal 16, 26 via an actuation of one or more switches S10.1 - S10.4, S20.1 - S20.4.
- each of the control circuits 10, 20 it is possible for each of the control circuits 10, 20 to simultaneously close or keep closed one or more upper switches S10.1, S10.3, S20.1, S20.3, but none of the lower switches S10.2, S10.4, S20.2, S20.4, as well as to simultaneously close or keep closed one or more lower switches S10.2, S10.4, S20.2, S20.4, but none of the upper switches S10.1, S10.3, S20.1, S20.3.
- Figs. 5a and 5b an operation of the driver circuit 1 from Fig. 4 is explained in more detail. While Fig. 5a shows an example of switching on the first semiconductor switch 110 when the second semiconductor switch 120 is switched off, Fig. 5b shows an example of switching off the first semiconductor switch 110 when the second semiconductor switch 120 is switched off.
- the diagrams 504-505 show in detail: a time curve 210 of a gate-source voltage UGS of the first semiconductor switch 110 (diagram 504), a time curve 220 of a gate-source voltage UGS of the second semiconductor switch 120 together with the upper tolerance limits 222 and lower tolerance limits 223 assigned to the second semiconductor switch 120 (diagram 506), as well as time curves that show the switching states of the upper and lower switches S10.1 - S10.4, S20.1 - S20.4 within the control circuits 10, 20 (diagram 505).
- the starting point of Fig. 5a is an open first semiconductor switch 110 and an open second semiconductor switch 120. Therefore, in the first control circuit 10, the upper switches S10.1, S10.3 are open, while the lower switches S10.2, S10.4 are closed. In the second control circuit 20, the upper switches S20.1, S20.3 are open, while a lower switch S20.2 is closed and another lower switch S20.4 is open. At time t0, a closing of the first semiconductor switch 110 is initiated. This is done by the first control circuit 10, specifically by closing the upper switches S10.1, S10.3 there, with the lower switches S10.2, S10.4 having been opened shortly beforehand - possibly also at the same time as the upper switches.
- the control unit 5 now knows that due to the switching process (in this case the switching on) of the first semiconductor switch 110, an upward voltage peak 221 is to be expected in the gate-source voltage UGS of the second semiconductor switch 120.
- the upward voltage peak 221 is now counteracted by a lower switch S20.4 of the second control circuit 20 being temporarily closed for an average duration At* of the voltage peak 221. This results in a reduction in the gate potential UG at the gate driver connection 25 of the second control circuit 20 and, as a result, a downward shift of the upward voltage peak 221. This is symbolized in diagram 506 by a downward arrow.
- the lower switch S20.3 of the second control circuit 20 is opened again.
- Fig. 5b the starting point of Fig. 5b is now a closed first semiconductor switch 110 and an open second semiconductor switch 120.
- the upper switches S10.1, S10.3 are closed, while the lower switches S10.2, S10.4 are open.
- the upper switches S20.1, S20.3 are open, while a lower switch S20.2 is closed and another lower switch S20.4 is open.
- an opening of the first semiconductor switch 110 is initiated. This takes place in the first control circuit 10, in particular by closing the lower switches S10.2, S10.4, whereby the upper switches S10.1, S10.3 were opened shortly beforehand, possibly also at the same time at t0.
- the subsequent downward-directed Voltage peak 221 in the gate-source voltage UGS of the second semiconductor switch 120 is counteracted here by closing an upper switch S20.3 of the second control circuit 20 for an average duration At* of the voltage peak 221.
- the upper switch S20.3 is opened again.
- Fig. 6 shows a third embodiment of a driver circuit 1 according to the invention for gentle operation together with a half-bridge 100 controlled by the driver circuit 1.
- each of the control circuits 10, 20 also has a series connection of two voltage sources 11, 12 and 21, 22.
- the two voltage sources of one, in particular the same, control circuit 10, 20 are each connected in series to one another via a center point 13, 23 operating as a reference potential GNDw, GND20.
- the center point 13, 23 is each connected to the source driver connection 16, 26 of the control circuit 10, 20 assigned to it.
- a positive (+) pole of the first voltage source 11, 21 and a negative (-) pole of the second voltage source 12, 22 serve as a supply voltage for an amplifier 17, 27, and possibly also for an inverting amplifier 18, 28 (not explicitly shown in Fig. 6).
- the amplifier 17, 27 is connected on the input side to the control unit 5 of the driver circuit 1 via a first control input 19.1.
- An output of the amplifier 17, 27 is connected via a resistor R10.5, R20.5 to the gate driver connection 15, 25 of the respective control circuit 10, 20.
- the negative (-) pole of the second voltage source 12, 22 is connected either via a capacitor C10, C20 and a fifth switch S10.5 to the center point 13, 23 or via the capacitor Ci 0, C20 and a sixth switch S10.6, S20.6 to the gate driver connection 15, 25.
- the fifth switch S10.5, S20.5 and the sixth switch S10.6, S20.6 are each connected with one of their contacts to the capacitor C10, C20 of the control circuit 10, 20.
- the switches S 10.5, S20.5, S10.6, S20.6 are controlled in each of the control circuits 10, 20 via a second control input 19.2, 29.2 connected to the control unit 5.
- the switching states of the fifth switch S10.5, S20.5 are inverse to those of the sixth switch S10.6, S20.6 due to the inverting amplifier 18, 28, i.e. when the fifth switch S10.5, S20.5 is closed, the sixth switch S10.6, S20.6 is open and vice versa.
- FIG. 7 an operation of the third embodiment of the driver circuit 1 from Fig. 6 is explained in more detail using various diagrams 704 - 706 as an example for the case of switching off the first semiconductor switch 110 when the second semiconductor switch 120 is switched off.
- the diagrams show a time profile 210 for a gate-source voltage UGS of the first semiconductor switch 120 (diagram 704) and a time profile 220 of a gate-source voltage UGS of the switched off second semiconductor switch 120 (diagram 706).
- diagram 705 corresponding time courses for the control inputs 19.1, 19.2, 29.1, 29.2 and the switching states of the fifth and sixth switches S10.5, S10.6, S20.5, S20.6 of the respective control circuits 10, 20 are shown.
- the first control input 19.1 and the second control input 19.2 each have a "high” signal.
- the fifth switch 10.5 is in a closed ("on") state and the sixth switch is in its open (“on") state.
- the first control input 19.1 has a "low” signal and the second control input 29.2 has a "high” signal. Consequently, the fifth switch S20.5 is in its closed ("on”) state and the sixth switch S20.6 is in its open ("off”) state.
- the control unit 5 sends a signal to switch off the first semiconductor switch 110 by changing the first control input 19.1 from the "high” signal to a "low” signal.
- the amplifier 17 provides a potential at its output that corresponds to the negative (-) pole of the second voltage source 12.
- the charge stored in the gate-source capacitance 112 can discharge via the gate driver connection 15 and the resistor R10.5, which is why the time profile 210 of the gate-source voltage UGS of the first semiconductor switch 110 decays exponentially from t0.
- a gate potential UG of the second semiconductor switch 120 is raised in its switched-off state.
- the second control input 29.2 of the second control circuit 20 is set by the control unit 5 for a predefined period of time At* from the present "high" signal to a "low” signal.
- the fifth switch S20.5 is opened and the sixth switch S20.6 is closed for the predefined period of time At*.
- the capacitor C20 of the second control circuit 20 which was previously charged to the potential difference between the reference potential GND20 and the negative (-) pole of the second voltage source 22, is thereby temporarily connected to the gate driver output 25, whereby the gate potential UG at the gate connection of the second semiconductor switch 120 - and thus also the voltage peak 221 - is within its permitted tolerance limits 222.
- REPLACEMENT BLADE (RULE 26) 223 - is raised.
- the increase in the voltage peak 221 is symbolized in diagram 706 by an upward arrow.
- Fig. 8 shows a fourth embodiment of a driver circuit 1 according to the invention for gentle operation of a half-bridge 100 together with the half-bridge 100 controlled by the driver circuit 1.
- the driver circuit 1 of Fig. 8 is similar in many features to the driver circuits 1 shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4. Therefore, only the different aspects to the embodiments of Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 are explained below, while similar aspects are referred to the previous descriptions.
- the first control circuit 10 and the second control circuit 20 each comprise a voltage divider.
- each of the upper series circuits is connected at one end to a common center tap 14, 24 of the voltage divider.
- Each of the lower series circuits is also connected at one end to the common center tap 14, 24 within the control circuit 10, 20 assigned to it.
- the common center tap 14, 24 is in turn connected to the gate driver terminal 15, 25 of the respective control circuit.
- the upper series circuits of the same control circuit 10, 20 are each connected at their other end to the positive pole of the first voltage source 11, 21 of the respective control circuit.
- the lower series circuits of the same control circuit are each connected at their other end to the negative pole of the second voltage source 12, 22 of the respective control circuit.
- the two voltage sources 11, 12, 21, 22 of one and the same Control circuits 10, 20 are each connected in series with one another, i.e. for each of the control circuits 10, 20, the negative pole of its first voltage source 11, 21 is connected to the positive pole of its second voltage source 12, 22.
- the driver circuit 1 is additionally designed to change a gate potential UG of the second semiconductor switch 120 as a function of a switching operation at the first semiconductor switch 110 when the second semiconductor switch 120 is in a switched-off, i.e., open, state.
- Fig. 8 shows an example of a case in which the first number of upper series circuits is 1 and the second number of lower series circuits is 2.
- the voltage dividers in both of the control circuits 10, 20 each have the same first number and the same second number.
- other combinations of a first number of upper series circuits - e.g. 2, 3 or more than 3 upper series circuits - and a second number of lower series circuits - e.g. 1, 3 or more than 3 lower series circuits - are also possible within the scope of the invention.
- the first number of upper series circuits and the second number of lower series circuits to be designed differently for the different control circuits 10, 20. list of reference symbols
Landscapes
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| EP24729820.1A EP4725121A1 (de) | 2023-06-06 | 2024-05-27 | Verfahren zum betrieb einer halbbrücke, treiberschaltung und stromwandler mit der treiberschaltung |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102023114786.2A DE102023114786B4 (de) | 2023-06-06 | 2023-06-06 | Verfahren zum betrieb einer halbbrücke, treiberschaltung und stromwandler mit der treiberschaltung |
| DE102023114786.2 | 2023-06-06 |
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| WO2024251553A1 true WO2024251553A1 (de) | 2024-12-12 |
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| PCT/EP2024/064552 Ceased WO2024251553A1 (de) | 2023-06-06 | 2024-05-27 | Verfahren zum betrieb einer halbbrücke, treiberschaltung und stromwandler mit der treiberschaltung |
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| EP (1) | EP4725121A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023114786B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024251553A1 (de) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10344572A1 (de) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-12 | Mitsubishi Denki K.K. | Gateansteuerungseinrichtung zur Reduktion einer Stoßspannung und einem Schaltverlust |
| US11108388B1 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2021-08-31 | Shanghai Hestia Power, Inc. | Silicon carbide power device, driving circuit and control method |
| DE102021213295A1 (de) | 2021-11-25 | 2023-05-25 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines ersten und eines zweiten Schaltelementes einer Halbbrücke in einem Stromwandler und Stromwandler mit einer Halbbrücke |
-
2023
- 2023-06-06 DE DE102023114786.2A patent/DE102023114786B4/de active Active
-
2024
- 2024-05-27 WO PCT/EP2024/064552 patent/WO2024251553A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-05-27 EP EP24729820.1A patent/EP4725121A1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10344572A1 (de) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-12 | Mitsubishi Denki K.K. | Gateansteuerungseinrichtung zur Reduktion einer Stoßspannung und einem Schaltverlust |
| US11108388B1 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2021-08-31 | Shanghai Hestia Power, Inc. | Silicon carbide power device, driving circuit and control method |
| US11184003B2 (en) | 2020-03-02 | 2021-11-23 | Shanghai Hestia Power Inc. | Silicon carbide power device, driving circuit and control method |
| DE102021213295A1 (de) | 2021-11-25 | 2023-05-25 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines ersten und eines zweiten Schaltelementes einer Halbbrücke in einem Stromwandler und Stromwandler mit einer Halbbrücke |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| ZHANG ZHEYU ET AL: "Active Gate Driver for Crosstalk Suppression of SiC Devices in a Phase-Leg Configuration", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, USA, vol. 29, no. 4, 1 April 2014 (2014-04-01), pages 1986 - 1997, XP011529961, ISSN: 0885-8993, [retrieved on 20131015], DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2268058 * |
| ZHANG, Z.: "Active Gate Driver for Crosstalk Suppression of SiC Devices in a Phase-Leg Configuration", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol. 29, no. 4, April 2014 (2014-04-01), pages 1986 - 1997, XP011529961, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2268058 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| DE102023114786A1 (de) | 2024-12-12 |
| DE102023114786B4 (de) | 2024-12-24 |
| EP4725121A1 (de) | 2026-04-15 |
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