WO2024218779A1

WO2024218779A1 - Devices for controlled floatable solar module

Info

Publication number: WO2024218779A1
Application number: PCT/IL2024/050394
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ran Alcalay; Avi ALCALAY
Original assignee: Xfloat Ltd.
Priority date: 2023-04-18
Filing date: 2024-04-18
Publication date: 2024-10-24

Abstract

A movement coordination system for floatable solar panels is disclosed. The movement coordination system may include at least one movement coordination unit connectable to at least two solar panel units: and at least two connectors, each configured to be connected to one of the at least two solar panel units. Each movement coordination unit may include: at least one coordinating element connectable by the at least two connectors to at least one solar panel unit. The movement coordination unit may be configured to transfer an angular movement between a first frame of a first solar panel unit and a second frame of a second solar panel unit. The at least one coordinating element may be shaped to maintain a clear path between the first and second solar panel units.

Description

DEVICES FOR CONTROLLED FLOATABLE SOLAR MODULE

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/460,065, filed on April 18, 2023, entitled “CONTROLLED FLOATING SOLAR MODULE”, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to the field of photovoltaic power systems and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to floatable solar panel modules for photovoltaic power systems.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Solar energy is a clean and inexhaustible natural resource and one of the most promising renewable energy technologies. Only a very small fraction of the solar radiation reaching the earth every year would be needed to make a significant step toward global energy sustainability. However, for solar power plants to offer the same generating capacity and supply stability as traditional power plants, the required land area is very large.

[0004] In order to efficiently use the available surface area, therefore, solar power could be moved to lakes, artificial reservoirs, and/or oceans, improving the utilization of land while preserving human living space and land for agriculture, as well as preserving natural reserve areas, for example, by utilizing spaces designated for other industrial uses. Consequently, floatable solar arrays have generated great interest in recent years.

[0005] The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations related therewith are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Other limitations of the related art will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon a reading of the specification and a study of the figures.

SUMMARY

[0006] Some aspects of the invention are directed to a movement coordination system for floatable solar panels. The movement coordination system may include at least one movement coordination unit connectable to at least two solar panel units: and at least two connectors, each configured to be connected to one of the at least two solar panel units. In some embodiments, each movement coordination unit may include: at least one coordinating element connectable by the at least two connectors to at least one solar panel unit. In some embodiments, the movement coordination unit may be configured to transfer an angular movement between a first frame of a first solar panel unit and a second frame of a second solar panel unit. In some embodiments the at least one coordinating element may be shaped to maintain a clear path between the first and second solar panel units.

[0007] In some embodiments, the movement coordination unit may include at least two coordinating elements rigidly connected via a rigid bar. In some embodiments, each coordinating element may be connectable by at least one connector to at least one of a first portion and a second portion of a frame. In some embodiments, each coordinating element may include: a first arm connected by a first connector to the first portion of a frame; a second arm connected to the first arm at one end and to a second portion of the frame; and a third arm hingedly connected to the first arm and the second arm at a first end, and fixedly connected to the rigid bar at a second end.

[0008] In some embodiments, each coordinating element may be connectable by at least one connector to a lever connected to a corresponding frame via two cables. In some embodiments, the coordinating element comprises at least one arm rigidly connected to the lever at one end and hingedly connected to the rigid bar.

[0009] In some embodiments, the movement coordination unit may include: a first coordinating element comprising a first string connected at each end to a first inner portion of the first frame and a second inner portion of the second frame; and a second coordinating element comprising a second string connected at each end to a first outer portion of the first frame and a second outer portion of the second frame.

[0010] In some embodiments, the movement coordination unit may include: a first coordinating element comprising a first string connected at each end to a first inner portion of a first lever, and a second inner portion of a second lever; and a second coordinating element comprising a second string connected at each end to a first outer portion of the first lever and a second outer portion of the second lever, and wherein the first lever is connected by cables to the first frame and the second lever is connected by other cables to the second frame.

[0011 ] In some embodiments, the movement coordination unit further may include: at least a first pair of string guides directing the first string; and at least a second pair of string guides directing the second string. In some embodiments, the first pair of string guides and the second pair of string guides may be assembled on a framework. In some embodiments, the framework may support the floatable solar panel units.

[0012] In some embodiments, each solar panel unit may include at least one buoyant module holding the frame and at least one float. In some embodiments, each buoyant module may include, at least one base configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water, and at least one fluid-holding container sized and fitted for being connected with said at least one base, adapted for movement in the vertical dimension relative to said at least one base, wherein a vertical position of said at least one fluid-holding container relative to said at least one base is based, at least in part, on a fluid level in said at least one fluid-holding container.

[0013] Some additional aspects of the invention may be directed to floatable solar system, that may include: a plurality of solar panel units, wherein each solar panel unit comprises at least one solar panel supported on a tiltable frame; a framework comprising frame members configured for rigidly interconnecting at least two solar panel units; and a movement coordination system connectable to at least two solar panel units. In some embodiments, movement coordination system may include at least one movement coordination unit connectable to at least two solar panel units: and at least two connectors, each configured to be connected to one of the at least two solar panel units. In some embodiments, each movement coordination unit may include: at least one coordinating element connectable by the at least two connectors to at least one solar panel unit. In some embodiments, the movement coordination unit may be configured to transfer an angular movement between a first frame of a first solar panel unit and a second frame of a second solar panel unit. In some embodiments the at least one coordinating element may be shaped to maintain a clear path between the first and second solar panel units.

[0014] In some embodiments, The each solar panel unit may further include at least one buoyant module holding the frame and at least one float.

[0015] Some additional aspects of the invention may be directed to an open float configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water. The float may include: a body having a water-facing opening configured to allow entrance of water when the open float is placed in the body of water; and at least one hole located on a side wall of the body at a predetermined distance from the water-facing opening.

[0016] Some additional aspects of the invention may be directed to a floatable solar panel unit that may include: at least one buoyant module comprising at least one solar panel; at least one buoyant module comprising at least one solar panel; supporting frame holding the at least one buoyant module; and at least one open float assembled to the supporting frame at a location that promotes floating of the solar panel unit. In some embodiments, each open float may include: a body having a water-facing opening configured to allow entrance of water when the open float is placed in the body of water; and at least one hole located on a side wall of the body at a predetermined distance from the water-facing opening.

[0017] In some embodiments, each buoyant module may include: at least one base configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water, and at least one fluid-holding container sized and fitted for being connected with said at least one base, adapted for movement in the vertical dimension relative to said at least one base, wherein a vertical position of said at least one fluid-holding container relative to said at least one base is based, at least in part, on a fluid level in said at least one fluid-holding container. [0018] Some additional aspects of the invention may be directed to a floatable solar system that may include: a plurality of buoyant modules, wherein each buoyant module comprises at least one solar panel; a framework comprising frame members configured for rigidly interconnecting at least two buoyant modules; a plurality of floats supporting the framework over a body of water. In some embodiments, each open float may include: a body having a water-facing opening configured to allow entrance of water when the open float is placed in the body of water; and at least one hole located on a side wall of the body at a predetermined distance from the waterfacing opening.

[0019] Some additional aspects of the invention may be directed to a floatable solar system that may include: a plurality of floatable solar panel units, supported by a framework; and a reflective surface covering at least some of the area between the floatable solar panel units. In some embodiments, the reflective surface comprises a plurality of floatable reflective elements floating adjacent to each other. In some embodiments, the reflective surface comprises at least one of, a sheet, a net, a fabric, and a foil, stretched on at least portions of the framework. In some embodiments, the reflective surface comprises a material configured to reflect light.

[0020] In some embodiments, each floatable solar panel unit may include: a buoyant module; and at least one float. In some embodiments, each buoyant module may include: at least one base configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water, and at least one fluid-holding container sized and fitted for being connected with said at least one base, adapted for movement in the vertical dimension relative to said at least one base, wherein a vertical position of said at least one fluid-holding container relative to said at least one base is based, at least in part, on a fluid level in said at least one fluid-holding container.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0021] Exemplary embodiments are illustrated in referenced figures. Dimensions of components and features shown in the figures are generally chosen for convenience and clarity of presentation and are not necessarily shown to scale. The figures are listed below. [0022] Figs. 1A-1B illustrate a floatable solar panel module in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

[0023] Fig. 1C illustrates a selective adjustment of fluid level within a container, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

[0024] Fig. ID schematically illustrate a tilt mechanism, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

[0025] Fig. IE illustrates a floatable solar panel module floating on a body of water in accordance with some embodiments of the invention;

[0026] Figs. 2A-2B are illustrations of a floatable solar unit in accordance with some embodiments of the invention;

[0027] Figs. 2C-2D illustrate a system comprising an array field of floatable solar panel modules, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

[0028] Figs. 3A-3F are illustrations of nonlimiting examples of movement coordination systems for floatable solar units, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figs. 4A-4B are illustrations of an open float and a floatable solar system comprising such open float, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention; and

[0030] Figs. 5A-5B are illustrations of floatable solar systems comprising a reflective surface in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Disclosed herein is a floatable module configured for deployment in a body of water, such as the ocean, a lake, or a reservoir. In some embodiments, the floatable module is a floatable panel module. In some embodiments, the panel module comprises a solar panel. In some embodiments, the panels comprise one or more antennas and/or other elements that require tracking or other rotational movement. Though the floatable module disclosed herein may be operable with various moveable elements, for the purpose of simplification of explanation, from this point on, reference will be made only to a floatable solar panel module. In some embodiments, and as described in greater detail elsewhere herein, the present module provides for remote adjustment of a tilt angle of the solar panel, so as to cause the solar panel to be oriented towards the sun, for example, during different times of the day.

[0032] In some embodiments, the present module comprises a simple hydrostatic tilt adjustment mechanism which does not require the use of hydraulics, pneumatics, servo and/or other sensitive electric motors, or any similar type of mechanism. In some embodiments, the hydrostatic tilt adjustment mechanism may be controlled and operated remotely, through a fluid supply line connected to the module. In some embodiments, the tilt mechanism of the present invention is configured for moderating abrupt changes in the tilt angle of the solar panel caused by, e.g., ambient wind conditions and wave frequencies. In some embodiments, the tilt mechanism of the present invention is configured for optimizing efficiency of the panels by tilting the panels to an angle in which the efficiency is optimal. In some embodiments, the present invention is configured for optimizing efficiency of the panels by using bifacial panels, e.g. by having no torque tube shading the rear side of such panels. In some embodiments, the tilt mechanism of the present invention is configured for optimizing efficiency of the panels by tilting the panels about a plurality of axes, wherein the axes are distanced from each other at a specific distance such that panels tilted about a first do not cast shadows on panels tilted about a second axis (e.g., backtracking).

[0033] Also disclosed is a system comprising an array field of interconnected floatable solar panel modules of the present invention, configured for deployment in a body of water. In some embodiments, individual modules of the present system may be rigidly interconnected, so as to be able to withstand ambient wind, wave, and similar conditions. In some embodiments, the present system may be configured for remotely adjusting a tilt angle of some or more of the solar panels in the array, individually or in unison. In some embodiments, the present system may be configured for adjusting an azimuth orientation of the system within the body of water, e.g., in response to the sun direction, wind, ambient conditions, or the changing seasons.

[0034] Some additional aspects of the invention may be related to devices that may aid in the control of the floatable solar panel system. In some embodiments, such devices may include a movement coordination system that may be connected to at least two (e.g., adjacent) solar panel units. In some embodiments, each tiltable solar panel unit may include at least one buoyant module connected to the frame and at least one float (also known as hull, buoy, pontoon, and the like) for assisting in floating of each tiltable solar panel unit. In some embodiments, a movement coordination system may force at least two tiltable solar panel units to tilt at substantially the same angular amount.

[0035] Additional aspects may include open floats configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water. In some embodiments, the float may assist in floating of floatable solar systems.

[0036] Further additional aspects may include a reflective surface to be included in a floatable solar system. The reflective surface may cover at least some of the area between floatable solar panel units, in order to enhance the albedo effect, thereby enhancing a fraction of the sun’s radiation reflected from a surface.

[0037] A potential advantage of the present invention may be, therefore, in that it provides for a floatable solar panel module that is tilt-adjustable, requires low- maintenance, and is efficient to operate as part of an array field of modules. The present module has a minimal number of moving parts, a relatively small footprint, is inexpensive to manufacture, and further provides for ease of storage, transportation, and on-site assembly.

[0038] A potential advantage of an array of modules positioned in a body of water that has a framework comprising frame members configured for rigidly interconnecting floatable modules, may be in that the array covers a small percentage of the body of water, hence the effect of reduced sun light and/or oxygen absorption from the water surface, are substantially smaller compare to systems built of interconnected floats. [0039] In some embodiments, the present invention comprises a base. In some embodiments, the base comprises two or more sections, such as floats, configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water. In some embodiments, the floats are interconnected, e.g., alongside, in a spaced-apart arrangement, so as to create a space therebetween for receiving a movable container in a way which permits movement of the container, for example, in a substantially vertical dimension.

[0040] In some embodiments, the floats combine a system of buoyancy and ballast, so as to achieve a desired floating elevation and orientation of the floats relative to a fluid level, for example, of a body of water, and to re-assume such desired floating elevation and orientation following a disruption, such as in strong winds and/or currents conditions. For example, in some embodiments, the floats are hollow, and, in some embodiments, the floats are configured for fully or partially filling with water, another liquid, or a solid matter to provide desired ballast. In some embodiments, the base is positioned adjacent to the container. In some embodiments, and as described in greater detail elsewhere herein, one or more bases are scattered between a plurality of containers. In some embodiments, the base is separable from the container.

[0041] Figs. 1A-1B illustrate an exemplary floatable solar panel module according to some embodiments of the present invention. Module 100 comprises, in some embodiments, a base 110. Base 110 may comprise a single vessel, or, in some embodiments, two or more sections, configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water. In some embodiments, Module 100 comprises one or more mounts, such as, for example, mount 130, coupled to base 110. In some embodiments, mount 130 is connected to a top portion of base 110. A solar panel support frame 170 holding a solar panel 160 may be pivotably mounted to mount 130, so as to permit adjustment of a tilt angle of support frame 170 relative to the horizon.

[0042] In some embodiments, a container 140 is received within a flooded interior chamber of base 110. In embodiments where base 110 comprises two or more sections, container 140 may be received within a space between the spaced-apart sections of base 110. In each case, container 140 is configured for moving in the vertical dimension relative to base 110. In some embodiments, container 140 is configured to move vertically in a range between 10 and 300 cm. In some embodiments, the container is a fluid holding container. In some embodiments, the vertical position of container 140 may be adjusted by selectively adjusting a fluid level within container 140. In some embodiments, a tilt mechanism operatively connects support frame 170 and container 140, wherein changes in the vertical position of container 140 relative to base 110 are translated into changes in the tilt angle (e.g., Figs. 9B and 9C; a, a’) with respect to the horizon (X axis) of support frame 170 and, thus, solar panel 160.

[0043] In some embodiments, the weight of liquid within container 140 further provides for a balancing effect which helps to maintain the position of container 140 and/or the module as a whole against disruptive external forces (such as wind). In some embodiments, the buoyancy of the container 140 maintains the position of the container 140 and balances the module as a whole against disruptive external forces (such as wind). In some embodiments, the buoyancy of the container 140 prevents the container 140 from being pushed into the water, while the weight of the container 140 prevents to container 140 from being pulled out of the water.

[0044] Fig. 1C illustrates a selective adjustment of fluid level within a container, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, the selective adjustment of the fluid level within container 140, within the context of a base 110 having a chamber or space 108. In some embodiments, spout 144 may be connected to a fluid conduit feeding system comprising, e.g., rigid pipe 150 configured for supplying fluid from a remote location. A terminal of rigid pipe 150 may be inserted into base 110 through opening 120 (also shown in Figs. 1A). Within base 110, rigid pipe 150 may be connected to container guide 148 configured for supplying fluid to container 140 while permitting vertical movement of container 140 relative to base 110. Fluid volume supplied or removed from container 140 via rigid pipe 150 determines the level of fluid inside container 140 and affects the buoyancy of container 140 within base 110. Controlled flow of the fluid volume into and out of container 140 controllab ly affects the buoyancy of container 140 bringing controllable vertical movement of container 140 relative to base 110 as shown in Figs. ID and IE.

[0045] Fig. ID schematically illustrates a tilt mechanism configured for translating a vertical motion of container 140 into changes in the tilt angle of support frame 170. In Fig. 9B, container 140 is maximally filled up with fluid, and consequently its buoyancy level relative to base 110 is at its lowest level, which translates into a maximal tilt angle in a first direction relative to the horizon. In some embodiments, container 140 is minimally filled up with fluid, and consequently its buoyancy level relative to base 110 is at its highest level, which translates into a maximal tilt angle in an opposite direction relative to the horizon. Accordingly, by controlling the fluid level in container 140, all tilt angles can be achieved within this range.

[0046] In some embodiments, a tilt mechanism of the present invention may be configured for tilting support frame 170, from 0° up to between 25° and 75° on either side, for example, e.g. front and back of module 100, relative to the horizon. In some embodiments, such tilting of the support frame 170, from 0° up to between 25° and 75°, is done on one side only - e.g. front or back of module 100.

[0047] In the nonlimiting example of Fig. ID the tilt mechanism may include a cable-and-pully. A cable 900 is connected to container 140 at an upper and lower connecting points 900a, 900b, and to support frame 170 at two opposing points on either side of pivot point 135. Cable 900 is then routed at a bottom area of base 110 through s, e.g., s 902a, 902b. Thus, an upward vertical movement of container 140 exerts a pull force on cable 900 through connecting point 900a, whereas a downward movement of container 140 exerts an opposite pull force on cable 900 through connecting point 900b. In either case, the pull force exerted in either way with respect to cable 900 is translated into a pivoting movement of support frame 170. Because the cable/ arrangement translates the vertical movement of container 140 into a pull force, the translation into pivoting movement is expected to be smoother and with less mechanical slack and free-play. In some embodiments, container 140 may be located substantially above 902a, to ensure a smooth operation and a self-centering force. [0048] Reference is now made to Fig. IE which is an illustration of a nonlimiting example for a buoyant module floating in a body of water accoridng to some embodiments of the invention. Buoyant module 100 may include a cable mechanism.

[0049] In the nonlimiting example of Fig. IE, buoyant module 100 may further include a lever 910 and two cables 901a and 901b. A first cable 901a may be connected at one side to support frame 170 at a first side of pivot point 135 and at another side to a first end of lever 910 via connection 912. A second cable 901b may be connected at one side to support frame 170 at a second side of pivot point 135 (opposite the first side) and at another side to a second end of lever 910 via another connection 912. Cables 901a and 901b may be routed via two or more pulleys 902.

[0050] Lever 910 may be hingedly connected to supporting beams 920, via axis 915. Supporting beams 920 may support container 140 and connect the container 140 to framework 220, shown and discussed with respect to Figs. 2A. At this configuration, lever 910 may angularly move together with support frame 170. Therefore, any angular movement of lever 910 may result in an angular movement of support frame 170.

[0051] Buoyant module 100 may further include at least one float 102 assisting in the floating of buoyant module 100. In some embodiments, support frame 170 may be pivotally mounted on float 102. In some embodiments, float 102 may include airheight regulations holes 145 located on the side walls of float 102. Air-height regulations holes 145 may allow excess air to escape float 102 when the water level rises.

[0052] Reference is now made to Figs. 2A and 2B which are illustrations of a floatable solar unit according to some embodiments of the invention. A floatable solar unit 400 may include at least one buoyant module 100, illustrated in Fig. IE, and at least one (e.g., two) floats coupled to rigid beam 150. In some embodiments, fluid volume supplied or removed from container 140 via a pipe system supported by rigid beam 150 determines the level of fluid inside container 140 and affects the buoyancy of container 140, thereby determining the titling angle of support frame 170. [0053] In some embodiments, two or more floatable solar unit 400 may be connected to a framework 220 to form a floatable solar system 190, illustrated in Figs, 2C and 2D.

[0054] Figs. 10A-10B illustrate a floatable solar system 190 comprising an array of solar panel modules 100 (illustrated in Figs. 1 A-lB)of the present invention. In some embodiments, floatable solar system 190 of the present invention may comprise a plurality of modules 100 arranged according to several assembly schemes, e.g., in rows and columns. Typically, a field will assume a generally rectangular or square geometry, though such a geometry is not required. In some embodiments, the array field 190 can assume an irregular shape as it may be conformed to the area shape of the body of water on which it is installed.

[0055] In some embodiments, the modules 100 in floatable solar system 190 may be interconnected using a framework 220. In some embodiments, two or more modules 100 in the floatable solar system may be in fluid communication, wherein a fluid level in respective containers 140 in each module 100 may correspond among all modules 100 in fluid communication. In some embodiments, such fluid communication may be done across a row, column, diagonally, and/or an entire floatable solar system 190. In some embodiments, such fluid communication works to substantially equalize a fluid pressure and/or a fluid level inside each respective container 140 within the communicating modules 100.

[0056] In some embodiments, the bases 110and/ or floats 102 and/or containers 140 form a matrix of bases 110 and/or floats 102 and containers 140. In some embodiments, the bases 110/ and/or floats 102 and/or containers 140 are positioned in relation to each other as to form patterns. In some embodiments, specific patters of the positioned of the bases 110 and/or floats 102 and/or containers 140 correspond to specific buoyancy levels throughout the matrix, and, in some embodiments, the specific patters generate specific tilting patterns of the support frame 170 and/or of the panels.

[0057] In some embodiments, the interconnectors of framework 220 may be configured for withstanding movement caused by wind, waves, and/or currents. In some embodiments, the system may be designed to withstand wave conditions having a wave height of up to 50cm and a wave length of up to 400cm. Accordingly, as illustrated in Fig. 10A, in wave conditions which cause uneven surface level, the present system as a whole may be configured for supporting the weight of individual modules as they heave and bob in the waves. As noted above, base 110 is configured for a controlled fluid flow between interior chamber 118 and the body of water, so as to avoid any abrupt fluid level changes within interior chamber 118 in uneven water level conditions.

[0058] In some embodiments, an array field of the present invention may comprise a closed fluid filling/emptying system, wherein fluid may be transferred from one or more containers 140 to other containers 140 within the array. For example, a number (e.g., half) of modules in an array may be inverted, such that for half the array, filling containers 140 with more fluid causes a tilting motion in a first direction, wherein for the second half, emptying containers 140 causes a tilting motion in the same first direction. Thus, by transferring fluid within the closed system array from the first half of containers 140 to the second half, there is achieved a coordinated tilting movement of all solar panels in array 190 in the same direction.

[0059] In some embodiments, the modules 100 in floatable solar system 190 may be spaced in accordance with ambient wave conditions of the body of water in which the system will be deployed. Thus, e.g., the spacing of modules relative to one another can be tailored to minimize roll, pitch, yaw, heave, surge and sway under the wave conditions most likely to be encountered in the particular environment of use.

[0060] In some embodiments, floatable solar system 190 of the present invention may be configured for achieving different ground cover ratios (GCR) of solar panels to field area.

[0061] In some embodiments, floatable solar system 190 of the present invention may be configured for adjusting the GCR of solar panels, by adjusting the distance between two or more rows of modules and/or panels. In some embodiments, the distance between two or more rows is adjusted such that the GCR value is maximal. In some embodiments, the distance between two or more rows, and the related GCR, is adjustable such that for a specific origin direction of sunlight, no row of panels casts a shadow over another row of panels. In some embodiments, a reduced GCR increases efficiency and yield when using bi-facial solar panels.

[0062] In some embodiments, solar panels 160 in floatable solar system 190 may be interconnected so as to move in unison along, e.g., each row of array field 190. In some embodiments, solar panels rows in floatable solar system 190 may be interconnected so as to move in unison along. In order to ensure the unison movement, a movement coordination system may be assembled in floatable solar system 190, as illustrated and discussed with respect to Figs. 3 A, 3B, 3C and 3D, herein below.

[0063] In some embodiments, a supply grid of rigid pipes 150 may connected to each module within floatable solar system 190, to enable fluid feed into each container 140, as described above with reference to Fig. ID.

[0064] In some embodiments, the supplied fluid may contain one or more of additives, supplements, and/or filtered fluid, for example, in some embodiments, the fluid comprises additives configured to prevent fluid freezing, bacterial growth within the fluid, and/or prevention of mineral deposits within the fluid system.

[0065] In some embodiments, a system of the present invention may comprise a control unit which may be located, e.g., onshore. The control unit may be connected to a plurality of pumps and valves, configured for remotely controlling and adjusting a fluid level within containers 140 by feeding and emptying containers 140 through pipes 150, as may be necessary. In some embodiments, one or more pumps are configured for pumping liquid into and/or out of the container 140.

[0066] In some embodiments, the system comprises two or more groups of modules, wherein the support frames 170 of each group rotate in different directions. Therefore, for one group, fluid filling the containers causes a tilt of the support frames 170 in a first direction, and for a second group, fluid filling the containers causes a tilt of the support frames 170 in a second direction. In some embodiments, the containers are in fluid communication such that fluids emptying from one group of containers are the same fluids used to fill the second group of containers. [0067] In some embodiments, different portions of the system are in fluid communication such that the communicating containers comprise a same level of fluid in relation to each other. In some embodiments, the portions which are in fluid communication are one or more of rows of containers within the system, portions of rows of containers within the system, and one or more patterns of containers within the system.

[0068] In some embodiments, the system comprises one or more additional liquid sources in fluid communication with one or more of the containers. In some embodiments, the additional liquid sources may stream liquid into one or more containers at an equal rate. In some embodiments, the additional liquid source is configured to adjust the flow rates of the plurality of containers of the system. In some embodiments, the additional liquid source is configured to adjust the flow rates of the plurality of containers of the system such that the frames of the panels are tilted at the same angle and/or at the same velocity.

[0069] In some embodiments, the vertical movement of the container corresponds to the rate of change of the liquid volume within the container. In some embodiments, the speed of the vertical movement of the container from a first location point 1 to a second location point 2 can be described as a function of the flow rate into/out of the container and/or the volume change of the liquid within the container, for example, as depicted by the following equation:

[0070] Wherein AZ comprises the difference of the height of the container between a first location point 1 and a second location point 2, AV comprises the difference in fluid volume within the container between a first location point 1 and a second location point 2, Flowrate comprises the rate of fluid flow into and/or out of the container, and v_v comprises the velocity of the movement of the container, measured in cm/second. In some embodiments, the above equation is simplified and does not include the effect on v_v by the changing weight of the container, caused by the changing height of the container in relation to the fluid level 1116.

[0071] In some embodiments, the speed of the vertical movement v_v, of the container from a first location point 1 to a second location point 2 is a function of the changing weight of the container between point 1 to point 2. In some embodiments, the vertical movement of the container from a first location point 1 to a second location point 2 is a function of the liquid volume change within the container. In some embodiments, the function of the liquid volume change within the container is non-linear. In some embodiments, it is appropriate to measure the weight of the container in the water and out of the water at both of the location points 1 and 2 and integrate both measures in the vertical speed calculating. The difference in the weights corresponds with, at least, part of the chamber of the container, below the fluid level 1116, which remains hollow at each of the location points 1 and 2. In some embodiments, the portion of the container below fluid level 1116 which is not filled with liquid, that is needed to maintain equilibrium of buoyancy versus weight forces, changes within a same container moving from point 1 to point 2 or vice versa. In such a movement, the difference in magnitudes between the gravitational forces and the buoyancy is balanced by the liquid volume within the container, which may increase or decrease in order to achieve equilibrium. Along with a volume change of the liquid within the container, the container therefore moves vertically under the exerted forces and/or due to the liquid volume changes within the container. In some embodiments, the calculation of the velocity of such movement therefore depends, at least in part, on the change in liquid volume within the container 140. In some embodiments, the speed of the vertical movement v_v, considering the changing weight of different portions of the container, for example, the portions above and below the fluid level 1116, is depicted by the following equation:

[0072] Wherein

are the masses of the portions of the container above fluid level 1116, at the first location point 1 and the second location point 2, and p_wis the density of the fluid.

[0073] In some embodiments, the angular velocity is derived from the vertical velocity and the length between the axis of rotation and the point onto which force is exerted due to the vertical movement. v_v ) = — r

Wherein r is the distance between the axis of rotation and the point in which the cables are connected.

[0074] In some embodiments, the amount of force required to change the position of the support frames 170 is derived from the inner forces acting within the module 100 and the external forces exerted onto the module 100.

[0075] Reference is now made to Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, and 3F which are illustrations of two nonlimiting examples for movement coordination systems assembled in floatable solar units according to some embodiments of the invention. A movement coordination system 300 may include one or more movement coordination units 301 connectable to at least two solar panel units 400 by at least two connectors 305. In some embodiments, each one of connectors 305 may connect movement coordination unit 301 to frame 170 of unit 400. Alternatively, each one of connectors 305 may connect movement coordination unit 301, to lever 910 of solar panel unit 400, discussed with respect to Fig. IE herein above.

[0076] In some embodiment, each one of movement coordination unit 301 may include at least one coordinating element 315, 326, 325, 330, 340, and/or 345 connectable by at least two connectors 305 to solar panel unit 400. In some embodiments, each one of movement coordination units 301 is configured to transfer an angular movement between a first frame 170a of a first solar panel unit 400a and a second frame 170b of a second solar panel unit 400b.

[0077] In some embodiments, at least one coordinating element 315, 326, 325, 330, 340, and/or 345 is shaped to maintain a clear path 1000 between the first and second solar panel units. As used herein, a “clear path” is defined as a path that allows a user (e.g., a worker, inspector, technician, etc.) to access any component of solar panel units 400, 400a, and 400b that requires maintenance and/or inspection. Therefore, clear accessibility of various elements and components of solar panel units 400, 400a, and 400b may be kept at all times for example, for maintenance work. In some embodiments, if any one of panels 160, frames 170, buoyant modules 100, framework 220, and floats 102 may require examination, repairing and/or replacement, path 1000 to any one of these elements may be kept clear for users, at any position of frames 170a and 170b, and coordinating elements 300/350.

[0078] Referring to the non-limiting example illustrated in Figs. 3A and 3B. Movement coordination unit 301 may include at least two substantially identical coordinating elements 315 rigidly connected via a rigid bar 310. Rigid bar 310 may be substantially perpendicular to the rotation axes of frames 170a and 170b. For example, each one of elements 315 may be connected to a single rigid bar 310 via a corresponding connector 312. In some embodiments, each coordinating element 315 may be connectable by at least one connector 305 to at least one of a first (e.g., illustrated as a lower bar) portion 170al and a second portion (e.g., illustrated as an upper bar) 170a2 of a corresponding frame 170a.

[0079] In some embodiments, each coordinating element 315 may include a first arm 321 connected by first connector 305 to first portion 170al of single frame 170a, and a second arm 323 connected to first arm 321 at one end and to second portion 170a2 of single frame 170a. First arm 213 and second arm 323 may be interconnected by a rigid connector 320. In some embodiments, a third arm 322 may be hingedly connected to first arm 321 and second arm 323, via connector 320, at a first end, and fixedly connected to rigid bar 310 at a second end.

[0080] In some embodiments, any angular movement of frame 170a may cause unison angular movement also of frame 170b, and vice versa. Therefore, any changes in the angular tilting of first frame 170a due to changes in the water level inside a first buoyant modules 100a included in first panel unit 400a, may force a similar angular movement of second frame 170b of panel unit 400b, therefore, force a similar water level inside second buoyant modules 100b.

[0081] Reference is now made to Fig. 3C which is an illustration of another nonlimiting example for movement coordination unit 301 that may be connectable to lever 910 included in solar panel unit 400, discussed with respect to Fig. IE herein above. In some embodiments, movement coordination system 300 may include movement coordination element 301 connected to levers 910 of a solar panel units 400a and 400b.

[0082] Movement coordination unit 301 may include at least one coordinating element (e.g., arm) 326 that may be rigidly connected to lever 910 at one end and hingedly connected, via connector 316, to rigid bar 310. Each coordinating element 326 may be connectable by at least one connector 305 to lever 910. Each lever 901 may be connected to a corresponding frame, e.g., frame 170a or 170b, via two cables 901a and 901b.

[0083] Referring now to Figs. 3D and 3E which include another nonlimiting example for movement coordination system 300. Movement coordinated system 300 may include movement coordination unit 301 connectable to two frames 170a and 170b of two solar panel units 400a and 400b by at least four connectors 305. Movement coordination unit 301 may include a first coordinating element 325 comprising a first string connected to each end, by connectors 305, to an inner portion 170a(in) of first frame 170a and an inner portion 170b(in) of second frame 170b. In some embodiments, unit 301 may further include a second coordinating element 330 a second string connected at each end, by connectors 305, to an outer portion 170b(out) of first frame 170a and an outer portionl70b(out) of second framel70b. [0084] As used herein “inner portions” include portions of solar units 400a and 400b facing path 1000 between the units; and “outer portions” include portions of solar units 400a and 400b facing other units. The distance between two inner portions is smaller than the distance between two outer portions.

[0085] In some embodiments, the string may be any flexible cord, string, band, etc., with limited to no elasticity. Therefore, the length of first coordinating element 325 and second coordinating element 330 may be kept substantially constant throughout the angular movements of frames 170a and 170b. Therefore, any angular movement of frame 170a may cause unison angular movement also of frame 170b, and vice versa, as discussed herein above.

[0086] In some embodiments, movement coordination unit 301 may further include at least a first pair of string guides 326 (e.g., pulleys, shafts, etc.) directing the first string of first coordinating element 325. Movement coordination unit 301 may further include at least a second pair of string guides 366 directing the second string of second coordinating element 330. In some embodiments, first pair of string guides 326 and second pair of string guides 336 may be assembled on framework 220.

[0087] Reference is now made to Fig. 3F which includes an illustration of another nonlimiting example for movement coordination system 300. Movement coordinated system 300 may include movement coordination unit 301 connectable to two levers 910a and 910b of two solar panel units 400a and 400b by at least four connectors 305. Movement coordination unit 301 may include a first coordinating element 340 comprising a first string connected at each end to a first inner portion 910a(in) of first lever 910a and a second inner portion 910b(in) of second lever 910b. Movement coordination unit 301 may further include a second coordinating element 345 comprising a first string connected at each end to a first outer portion 910a(out) of first lever 910a and a second outer portion 910b(outer) of second lever 910b.

[0088] In some embodiments, movement coordination unit 301 may further include at least a first pair of string guides 346 directing the first string of first coordinating element 340 and at least a second pair of string guides 356 directing the second string of second coordinating element 345. In some embodiments, first pair of string guides 346 and second pair of string guides 356 may be assembled on framework 220.

[0089] Reference is now made to Figs. 4A and 4B which are illustrations of an open float and a floatable solar system comprising such open float, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, an open float 200 may be configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water. Open float 200 may include a body 210 having a water- facing opening 215 configured to allow entrance of water when open float 200 is placed in the body of water. Open float 200 may further include at least one hole 245 located on a side wall of body 210 at a predetermined distance from the water-facing opening. Hole 245 may allow excess water to exit body 210 thereby maintaining the height of float 200 above the water level substantially constant.

[0090] In some embodiments, float 200 may be included in a floatable solar unit, as illustrated, or any other floatable unit. In some embodiments, the floatable solar unit may be a tiltable floatable solar unit, such as solar unit 400 (illustrated in Fig. 2A), or a fixed floatable solar unit 401, at which solar panels 160 are in fixed angle, as illustrated in Fig. 4A. In some embodiments, float 200 may replace at least one of floats 102 illustrated in Figs. 2A and 2B. In some embodiments, float 200 may be included in a floatable solar system, such as, system 190 illustrated in Fig. 2D. Therefore, floatable system 190 may include plurality of buoyant modules 100, illustrated and discussed with respect to Figs. 1 A-1E, framework 220, illustrated and discussed with respect to Fig. 2D; and a plurality of floats 200.

[0091] Reference is now made to Figs. 5A and 5B which are illustrations of floatable solar systems comprising a reflective surface in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. A floatable solar panel system 500 may include a plurality of floatable solar panel units 400 (discussed with respect to Figs. 2A and 2B) supported by a framework 220 (discussed with respect to Fig. 2D). Floatable solar panel system 500 may further include a reflective surface 501 or 502 covering at least some of the area between floatable solar panel units 400. The reflective surface may 1 aim to enhance the albedo effect of the sunlight, thereby increasing the efficiency of solar panel system 500 by between 3 to 7%.

[0092] In some embodiments, reflective surface 501 may include at least one of a sheet, a net, a fabric, a foil, etc., stretched on at least portions of framework 220 above the water level. In some embodiments, the reflective surface 501 may include a material configured to reflect light (e.g., sunlight), for example, agricultural shading net.

[0093] In some embodiments, reflective surface 502 comprises a plurality of floatable reflective elements 503 floating adjacent to each other. In some embodiments, each floatable reflective element 503 may be hollow, and/or may include materials configured to float on water (e.g., a polymeric foam). In some embodiments, each floatable reflective element 503 may include a material configured to reflect light (e.g., sunlight), for example, white-colored high density Poly-Ethylene (HDPE). In some embodiments, floatable reflective elements 503 may float within designated areas of framework 220, and naturally move towards each other, by winds and waves until fully covering at least some of the water surface forming reflective surface 502. Framework 220 may ensure that floatable reflective elements 503 may be maintained within framework 220.

[0094] The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A movement coordination system for floatable solar panels, comprising: at least one movement coordination unit connectable to at least two solar panel units: and at least two connectors, each configured to be connected to one of the at least two solar panel units; wherein each movement coordination unit comprises: at least one coordinating element connectable by the at least two connectors to at least one solar panel unit, wherein the movement coordination unit is configured to transfer an angular movement between a first frame of a first solar panel unit and a second frame of a second solar panel unit, and wherein the at least one coordinating element is shaped to maintain a clear path between the first and second solar panel units.

2. The movement coordination system of claim 1, wherein the movement coordination unit comprises at least two coordinating elements rigidly connected via a rigid bar.

3. The movement coordination system of claim 2, wherein each coordinating element is connectable by at least one connector to at least one of a first portion and a second portion of a frame.

4. The movement coordination system of claim 3, wherein each coordinating element comprises: a first arm connected by a first connector to the first portion of a frame; a second arm connected to the first arm at one end and to a second portion of the frame; and a third arm hingedly connected to the first arm and the second arm at a first end, and fixedly connected to the rigid bar at a second end.

5. The movement coordination system of claim 2, wherein each coordinating element is connectable by at least one connector to a lever connected to a corresponding frame via two cables.

6. The movement coordination system of claim 5, wherein the coordinating element comprises at least one arm rigidly connected to the lever at one end and hingedly connected to the rigid bar.

7. The movement coordination system of claim 1, wherein the movement coordination unit comprises: a first coordinating element comprising a first string connected at each end to a first inner portion of the first frame and a second inner portion of the second frame; and a second coordinating element comprising a second string connected at each end to a first outer portion of the first frame and a second outer portion of the second frame.

8. The movement coordination system of claim 1, wherein the movement coordination unit comprises: a first coordinating element comprising a first string connected at each end to a first inner portion of a first lever and a second inner portion of a second lever; and a second coordinating element comprising a second string connected at each end to a first outer portion of the first lever and a second outer portion of the second lever, and wherein the first lever is connected by cables to the first frame and the second lever is connected by other cables to the second frame.

9. The movement coordination system of claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the movement coordination unit further comprises: least a first pair of string guides directing the first string; and at least a second pair of string guides directing the second string.

10. The movement coordination system of claim 9, wherein the first pair of string guides and the second pair of string guides are assembled on a framework.

11. The movement coordination system of claim 10, wherein the framework supports the floatable solar panel units.

12. The movement coordination system of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein each solar panel unit comprises at least one buoyant module holding the frame and at least one float.

13. The movement coordination system of claim 12, wherein each buoyant module comprises, at least one base configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water, and at least one fluid-holding container sized and fitted for being connected with said at least one base, adapted for movement in the vertical dimension relative to said at least one base, wherein a vertical position of said at least one fluid-holding container relative to said at least one base is based, at least in part, on a fluid level in said at least one fluid-holding container.

14. A floatable solar system, comparing: a plurality of solar panel units, wherein each solar panel unit comprises at least one solar panel supported on a tiltable frame; a framework comprising frame members configured for rigidly interconnecting at least two solar panel units; and a movement coordination system comprising: at laest one movement coordination unit connectable to at least two solar panel units: and at least two connectors, each configured to be connected to a solar panel unit; wherein each movement coordination unit comprises: at least one coordinating element connectable by the at least two connectors to at least one solar panel unit, wherein the movement coordination unit is configured to transfer an angular movement between a first frame of a first solar panel unit and a second frame of a second solar panel unit, and wherein the at least one coordinating element is shaped to maintain a clear path between the first and second solar panel units.

15. The floatable solar system of claim 14, wherein each solar panel unit further comprises at least one buoyant module holding the frame and at least one float.

16. An open float configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water, the float comprising: a body having a water-facing opening configured to allow entrance of water when the open float is placed in the body of water; and at least one hole located on a side wall of the body at a predetermined distance from the water-facing opening.

17. A floatable solar panel unit, comprising: at least one buoyant module comprising at least one solar panel; supporting frame holding the at least one buoyant module; and at least one open float assembled to the supporting frame at a location that promotes floating of the solar panel unit, wherein each open float comprises: a body having a water- facing opening configured to allow entrance of water when the open float is placed in the body of water; and at least one hole located on a side wall of the body at a predetermined distance from the water-facing opening.

18. The floatable solar panel unit of claim 17, wherein each buoyant module comprises, at least one base configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water, and at least one fluid-holding container sized and fitted for being connected with said at least one base, adapted for movement in the vertical dimension relative to said at least one base, wherein a vertical position of said at least one fluid-holding container relative to said at least one base is based, at least in part, on a fluid level in said at least one fluid-holding container.

19. A floatable solar system comprising: a plurality of buoyant modules, wherein each buoyant module comprises at least one solar panel; a framework comprising frame members configured for rigidly interconnecting at least two buoyant modules; and a plurality of floats supporting the framework over a body of water, wherein each open float comprises: a body having a water- facing opening configured to allow entrance of water when the open float is placed in the body of water; and at least one hole located on a side wall of the body at a predetermined distance from the water-facing opening.

20. A floatable solar panel system, comprising: a plurality of floatable solar panel units, supported by a framework; and a reflective surface covering at least some of the area between the floatable solar panel units.

21. The floatable solar panel system of claim 20, wherein the reflective surface comprises a plurality of floatable reflective elements floating adjacent to each other.

22. The floatable solar panel system of claim 20, wherein the reflective surface comprises at least one of, a sheet, a net, a fabric, and a foil, stretched on at least portions of the framework.

23. The floatable solar panel system of any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the reflective surface comprises a material configured to reflect light.

24. The floatable solar panel system of any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein each floatable solar panel unit comprises a buoyant module; and at least one float.

25. The floatable solar panel system of claim 24, wherein each buoyant module comprises, at least one base configured for being buoyantly supported within a body of water, and at least one fluid-holding container sized and fitted for being connected with said at least one base, adapted for movement in the vertical dimension relative to said at least one base, wherein a vertical position of said at least one fluid-holding container relative to said at least one base is based, at least in part, on a fluid level in said at least one fluid-holding container.