CN216118504U

CN216118504U - Sunlight tracking system

Info

Publication number: CN216118504U
Application number: CN202121299686.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王淑娟; 杨博; 谢小军; 吴琼; 郗航; 朱尤省; 康英; 张瑞刚; 刘增博; 李太江
Original assignee: Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Current assignee: Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-10
Filing date: 2021-06-10
Publication date: 2022-03-22
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-10

Abstract

The utility model discloses a sunlight tracking system, wherein an angle adjusting device is used for adjusting the incident angle of a sunlight receiver and sunlight, the angle adjusting device is arranged at one end of the sunlight receiver, a bracket is arranged at the other end of the sunlight receiver, an optical sensor is arranged on the sunlight receiver and is connected with the angle adjusting device through a controller, the controller receives an included angle deviation signal sent by the optical sensor and controls the angle adjusting device, and the effective tracking of the sunlight receiver in the direction of the solar altitude angle is realized. The utility model replaces the driving tracking mode of a servo motor, effectively reduces the tracking cost and realizes the tracking mode of the whole photovoltaic array by adopting liquid level control; the construction of a large-area photovoltaic power station with high sheet density is realized, and the construction and maintenance cost is effectively reduced.

Description

Sunlight tracking system

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of solar energy application, and particularly relates to a sunlight tracking system.

Background

The sunlight is tracked in real time, and the method has very important application in the fields of solar photovoltaic and solar heat collection. In the field of solar energy application, the sunlight is tracked and controlled in real time, so that the luminous flux incident to a sunlight receiver can be obviously improved, and the service efficiency of the whole solar energy system is further improved. The tracking of sunlight in the fields of solar heat collection and photovoltaic power generation mainly comprises three modes. A dual axis tracking system, a single axis tracking system, and a fixed angle mounting. The double-shaft tracking system is a small array formed by supporting a plurality of sunlight receivers through an independent support, and the horizontal shaft and vertical shaft rotating tracking system is arranged on the independent support, so that the sunlight can be effectively tracked in real time, the tracking efficiency is highest, and the cost is highest. The single-axis tracking system tracks sunlight on one of two dimensions of a horizontal axis or a vertical axis, can effectively realize tracking of the sunlight, and reduces tracking cost. The fixed mounting angle tracking means that a proper array inclination angle is calculated according to the longitude and the latitude of the sunlight receiver array, so that the fixed angle mounting mode is realized. No matter be biax tracking system or unipolar tracking system, all need install servo motor additional, realize the tracking of subassembly in one or two dimensions through motor control, it all provides very big requirement to the sensitivity and the durability of motor, and the cost is higher, and mechanical failure rate is higher, is unfavorable for centralized control.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a sunlight tracking system to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic power generation system, aiming at the defects in the prior art.

The utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

compared with the prior art, the utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

the utility model relates to a sunlight tracking system.A angle adjusting device is arranged at one end of a sunlight receiver, an optical sensor is arranged on the sunlight receiver, the optical sensor is connected with the angle adjusting device through a controller, and the controller receives an included angle deviation signal sent by the optical sensor and controls the angle adjusting device to realize the effective tracking of the sunlight receiver in the direction of the solar altitude angle; the traditional driving tracking mode adopting a servo motor is replaced, the tracking cost is effectively reduced, and even the tracking of the whole sunlight receiver array to sunlight can be controlled by adopting a single liquid level. The technology can realize the construction of the photovoltaic power station with large area and high sheet degree, and effectively reduces the construction and maintenance cost of the photovoltaic power station.

Furthermore, the angle of the sunlight receiver for receiving sunlight is controlled through the liquid level of the liquid level regulating tank, so that the sunlight always vertically enters the photovoltaic module, the luminous flux received by the array is increased, and the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is improved.

Further, in two sets of water pump systems are arranged between the liquid level regulating reservoir and the water storage pool), wherein the water pump controller is connected with the main controller, and the water level of the liquid level regulating reservoir can be regulated by controlling the flow and the flow direction of the two water pumps, so that the inclination angle of the photovoltaic array is controlled, and the sunlight is effectively tracked. And realize the circulation of rivers in two cisterns and reciprocate, avoid water waste.

Furthermore, the solar altitude is determined through data statistics or a real-time optical sensor, and the optical sensor transmits a deviation signal of an included angle between sunlight and a normal line of the photovoltaic panel to the controller to control the flow rate and the flow direction of the water supply pump, so that the sunlight receiver is controlled to be perpendicular to the sunlight all the time through the liquid level.

Further, the movable support is connected with a slideway provided with a ball bearing in the liquid level height changing process so as to automatically adjust the inclination angle of the sunlight receiver.

Furthermore, the control mode is expanded, so that the tracking of a plurality of sunlight receiver devices can be controlled through one liquid level, and the construction and maintenance cost of the photovoltaic power station is effectively reduced.

Furthermore, the fixed support and the fixed base at one end of the sunlight receiver are connected to be beneficial to ensuring the stable operation of the photovoltaic power station under the weather conditions of strong wind and the like.

Furthermore, the other end of the sunlight receiver is movably connected with the movable support, so that the liquid level can be adjusted in real time according to an instruction sent by the controller, the inclination angle of the sunlight receiver is further driven to be adjusted, and the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is improved.

In conclusion, the utility model effectively reduces the tracking cost and realizes the tracking mode of the whole photovoltaic array by adopting liquid level control; the construction of a large-area photovoltaic power station with high sheet density is realized, and the construction and maintenance cost is effectively reduced.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a solar tracking array control process.

Wherein: 1. a support; 2. a solar light receiver; 3. a light sensor; 4. a fixed base; 5. a connecting shaft; 6. a slideway; 7. a liquid level regulating tank; 8. a main controller; 9. a buoyant pile; 10. a water storage tank; 11. a water pump control system; 12. a cantilever beam; 13. the support can be moved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one side", "one end", "one side", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the utility model herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Various structural schematics according to the disclosed embodiments of the utility model are shown in the drawings. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.

The utility model provides a sunlight tracking system, which can remarkably improve the thermal efficiency of solar energy by tracking sunlight in real time in the field of solar energy collection. In the field of photovoltaic power generation, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic power generation system is improved mainly from three aspects, namely, the efficiency is continuously refreshed on a battery side, the physical tracking on a component side and the MPPT tracking on a system end are realized, the physical tracking on the component side directly determines the sunlight intensity received by the component, and the improvement of the system efficiency is of great importance; in order to keep the sunlight to be normally incident on the photovoltaic module all the time, the tracking of the sunlight is kept from two dimensions, namely the aspect of the solar direction angle and the solar altitude angle.

Referring to fig. 1, the sunlight tracking system of the present invention includes a fixing bracket 1, a light sensor 3, an angle adjusting device and a controller 8; one side of the sunlight receiver 2 is connected with a fixed base 4 through a fixed support 1, the fixed support 1 is movably connected with the sunlight receiver 2 through a connecting shaft 5, the optical sensor 3 is arranged on the light receiving surface on the other side of the sunlight receiver 2, the lower part on the other side of the sunlight receiver 2 is connected with an angle adjusting device, the optical sensor 3 is connected with the angle adjusting device through a controller 8, the optical sensor 3 is used for receiving an included angle between incident sunlight and a perpendicular line of the sunlight receiver 2, the controller 8 controls the angle adjusting device according to a deviation signal generated by the included angle, and effective tracking of the sunlight receiver 2 in the direction of a solar altitude angle is achieved.

The angle adjusting device comprises a slideway 6, a liquid level adjusting tank 7 and a buoyancy pile 9; one side of the sunlight receiver 2 is arranged on a straight-line-shaped slide way 6, the bottom of the slide way 6 is rigidly connected with a buoyancy pile 9 arranged in a liquid level regulating pool 7 through a movable support 13, the movable support penetrates through a cantilever beam 12, one end of the cantilever beam 12 is provided with a circular sleeve, and the movable support penetrates through the circular sleeve to be connected with the buoyancy pile 9; the other end of the cantilever beam 12 is rigidly connected with the fixed bracket 1; the liquid level equalizing basin 7 is connected with the tank 10, the water pump control system 11 that corresponds is connected respectively to liquid level equalizing basin 7 and tank 10, controller 8 is connected with the water pump control system 11 that liquid level equalizing basin 7 and tank 10 correspond respectively, confirm the sun altitude angle through data statistics or real-time light sensor 3, utilize the liquid level height in the controller 8 regulation liquid level equalizing basin 7 to control the sunlight and control perpendicular incidence sunlight receiver 2 all the time, the servo motor drive of high price has been replaced, and reach the same tracking effect, effectively reduced the tracking cost.

The slideway 6 is a groove type track provided with a ball type bearing, is made of wear-resistant alloy, and is added with lubricating oil so that the movable support 13 can flexibly move in the slideway. The buoyancy pile 9 is a square hollow buoyancy pile made of light materials, the materials comprise engineering plastics, rubber and other light hollow devices with certain structural strength, the buoyancy pile floats on the liquid surface through the buoyancy of water, and the support and the adjustment of the battery plate are realized through a support connected with the buoyancy pile.

The working process of the sunlight tracking system specifically comprises the following steps:

utilize light sensor to receive the contained angle between the incident sunlight and the plane sunlight receiver perpendicular to produce the deviation signal, thereby realize liquid level height in the liquid level control tank through adjusting water supply pump flow and flow direction, and then make the buoyancy stake float from top to bottom, and drive the movable support 13 of being connected with it and slide from top to bottom along fixed vertical track, thereby control the angle that sunlight receiver received the sunlight. The solar altitude angle is determined through data statistics or a real-time optical sensor, and the sunlight is controlled to be vertically incident to the sunlight receiver all the time by adjusting the liquid level height through the water pump, so that the expensive servo motor drive is replaced, the same tracking effect is achieved, and the tracking cost is effectively reduced.

The light sensor 3 receives incident sunlight and generates a deviation signal according to an included angle between the incident sunlight and a vertical line of the sunlight receiver 2;

the main controller 8 receives the deviation signal and adjusts the flow rate and the flow direction of the water pump between the liquid level regulating tank 7 and the water storage tank 10, so that the liquid level height in the liquid level regulating tank 7 is increased or reduced, and the direction of the sunlight receiver 2 and the direction of the sunlight height angle are controlled by the liquid level height.

The included angle between the light ray and the normal of the sunlight receiver (2)

The relation of the integral lifting or descending height h of the buoyancy pile is as follows:

wherein: h is the integral lifting or descending height of the buoyancy pile; a. b are respectively the structural size constants of the adjusting device.

The corresponding relation between the liquid level change and the integral lifting or descending height of the buoyancy pile can be determined by measuring the actual relation curve between the liquid level change and the integral displacement of the buoyancy pile and adopting a parameter identification mode, and finally, the relation between the flow and the change of the included angle and the water flow direction and flow is established.

The relation between the specific deviation signal and the flow rate of the water feeding pump is controlled by a main controller, and the control algorithm of the main controller adopts a traditional PID control method or a fuzzy control algorithm, or a combination algorithm of the traditional PID control method and the fuzzy control algorithm.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 2, the sunlight tracking system of the present invention can realize that a row of arrays (assemblies) or even a photovoltaic power station adopts a liquid level control mode, effectively replace a control mode that a plurality of servo motors are adopted, reduce system cost on one hand, and reduce mechanical failure on the other hand; the tracking mode is low in cost, and compared with a traditional single-shaft tracking system, the tracking mode only needs two high-low water storage tanks and a water feeding pump for realizing water quantity transfer, so that the system cost is reduced, the control effect which can be achieved by the traditional single-shaft tracking system is realized, the system cost is lower than that of the traditional servo motor, and meanwhile, the failure rate is low.

In conclusion, the sunlight tracking system provided by the utility model realizes effective tracking of the assembly in the solar elevation angle direction. The tracking mode utilizes the light sensor to receive the included angle between the incident light of the sun and the vertical line of the component, so that a deviation signal is generated, and the height of the liquid level is adjusted to control the photovoltaic component in the direction of the solar altitude angle by adjusting the flow of the water feeding pump. The solar altitude angle is determined through data statistics or a real-time optical sensor, and the sunlight is controlled to be vertically incident on the photovoltaic module all the time by adjusting the liquid level height through a water pump, so that the high-price servo motor drive is replaced, the same tracking effect is achieved, and the tracking cost is effectively reduced.

The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sunlight tracking system is characterized by comprising a sunlight receiver (2) and an angle adjusting device corresponding to the sunlight receiver, wherein the angle adjusting device is arranged at one end of the sunlight receiver (2), the sunlight receiver comprises a fixed support (1) and is used for adjusting the incident angle of a sunlight receiver (2) and sunlight, wherein the other end of the sunlight receiver (2) is provided with the fixed support (1), the sunlight receiver (2) is provided with an optical sensor (3), the optical sensor (3) and an angle adjusting device are respectively connected with a main controller (8), the optical sensor (3) is arranged on an illuminated surface of one end, close to the angle adjusting device, of the sunlight receiver (2), the bottom of the fixed support (1) is connected with a fixed base (4), the fixed support (1) is hinged with the sunlight receiver (2), and at least one set of angle adjusting device and one fixed support (1) are arranged on the sunlight receiver (2);

the angle adjusting device comprises a movable support and a buoyancy pile (9) rigidly connected with the movable support, one end of the movable support (13) is connected with a sunlight receiver (2), the sunlight receiver (2) at least comprises one, a plurality of sunlight receivers (2) are arranged in a liquid level adjusting pool (7) through the corresponding movable support (13) and the buoyancy pile (9) respectively, the other end of the sunlight receivers penetrates through a circular ring sleeve at one end of a cantilever beam (12) to be connected with the buoyancy pile (9), the buoyancy pile (9) is arranged in the liquid level adjusting pool (7), and the other end of the cantilever beam (12) is rigidly connected with a fixed support (1).

2. The sunlight tracking system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid level regulating reservoir (7) and the water storage reservoir (10) are communicated with each other through two water pumps (11), and the main controller (8) is respectively connected with corresponding water pump control systems.

3. The sunlight tracking system of claim 1 wherein a slide (6) is provided at the junction of one end of the movable support (13) and the sunlight receiver (2).

4. The sunlight tracking system of claim 3, wherein the chute (6) is a straight structure.