WO2024216488A1 - 一种全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法 - Google Patents

一种全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024216488A1
WO2024216488A1 PCT/CN2023/088906 CN2023088906W WO2024216488A1 WO 2024216488 A1 WO2024216488 A1 WO 2024216488A1 CN 2023088906 W CN2023088906 W CN 2023088906W WO 2024216488 A1 WO2024216488 A1 WO 2024216488A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
scavenging
graphite
water
concentration
lithium
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PCT/CN2023/088906
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张鹏
饶金山
李海森
孟志远
阮丁山
李长东
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Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd, Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2023/088906 priority Critical patent/WO2024216488A1/zh
Priority to CN202380008699.3A priority patent/CN116723896B/zh
Publication of WO2024216488A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024216488A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of battery recycling, and in particular to a method for recycling lithium and graphite from waste batteries in a full-chain integrated manner.
  • the recycling process of waste ternary lithium batteries is mainly divided into disassembly and wet metallurgy and pyrometallurgy.
  • the wet metallurgical process mainly uses organic acid or inorganic acid plus a reducing agent to leach the battery black powder.
  • the problem is that the lithium recovery rate is generally less than 80%.
  • the graphite under this process is treated as hazardous waste, which will cause a lot of resource waste.
  • the pyrometallurgical process has problems such as high energy consumption and failure to recover lithium and graphite.
  • the valuable metals and graphite in the batteries can be returned to the battery end, all components can be recycled, and a "full-chain integrated industrial park" can be built to reduce costs, increase efficiency, and avoid waste of resources.
  • a "full-chain integrated industrial park" can be built to reduce costs, increase efficiency, and avoid waste of resources.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for recycling lithium and graphite in waste batteries through a full-chain integrated process.
  • the method is simple and easy to implement, and can effectively recycle lithium and graphite in waste batteries.
  • the recovery rates of lithium and graphite are both high, thus avoiding waste of resources.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for recycling lithium and graphite from waste batteries in a full-chain integrated manner, comprising the following steps:
  • the battery black powder obtained from the waste battery is roasted and water-leached to extract lithium, and the water-leached residue is floated;
  • the flotation comprises: using a flotation agent to perform a roughing on the water-leached residue to obtain a roughing foam material and a roughing liquid material; performing at least one fine separation on the roughing foam material to finally obtain a carbonaceous concentrate;
  • Flotation agents include graphite collectors, regulators and frothers; regulators include flocculants.
  • the graphite collector includes at least one of kerosene and diesel
  • the flocculant comprises at least one of starch, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and dextrin;
  • the foaming agent includes at least one of methyl isobutyl carbinol, pine oil and secondary octanol.
  • the amount of graphite collector is 50 g/t-500 g/t; and/or, the amount of flocculant is 500 g/t-2000 g/t; and/or, the amount of foaming agent is 50 g/t-400 g/t.
  • the regulator further includes at least one of a pH adjuster and a stabilizer.
  • the pH adjuster includes at least one of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium hydroxide;
  • the stabilizer includes aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, At least one of ferrous chloride, magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate.
  • the amount of the pH adjuster is 200 g/t-4000 g/t, and/or the amount of the stabilizer is 200 g/t-2000 g/t.
  • the number of times of concentration is n, where n ⁇ 2 and is an integer; during the first n-1 concentration processes, the n-1th concentrated foam material and the n-1th concentrated middlings are obtained after each concentration; the n-1th concentrated foam material is used as the raw material to be selected for the nth concentration.
  • the first concentrated middlings obtained in the first concentration are returned to the roughing process as raw materials to be selected.
  • the second concentrated middlings obtained in the second concentration are returned to the first concentration process as raw materials to be selected.
  • the n-1th concentrated middlings obtained in the n-1th concentration are returned to the n-2th concentration process as raw materials to be selected.
  • the nth concentrated middlings obtained from the nth concentration are returned to the (n-1)th concentration process as raw materials to be selected.
  • the foam material of the first selection and the middling ore of the third selection are combined for grinding and scrubbing.
  • the scrubbing time is 2 min-15 min.
  • the concentrator used in each concentrating step independently includes a graphite collector and a frother.
  • the graphite collector used in each beneficiation process includes at least one of kerosene and diesel;
  • the foaming agent used in each beneficiation process includes at least one of methyl isobutyl carbinol, pine oil and secondary octanol.
  • the amount of graphite collector used in each beneficiation process is 0-150 g/t; and/or the amount of frother used in each beneficiation process is 0-150 g/t.
  • flotation further comprises: subjecting the roughing slurry to at least one scavenging process to finally obtain carbonaceous tailings.
  • the number of scanning is m times, m ⁇ 2 and is an integer; during the first m-1 scanning processes, the m-1th scanning residual slurry and the m-1th scanning foam medium ore are obtained after each scanning; the m-1th scanning residual slurry is used as the raw material to be selected for the mth scanning.
  • the first scavenging foam middlings obtained in the first scavenging are returned to the roughing process as the raw material to be selected.
  • the second scavenging foam middlings obtained in the second scavenging are returned to the first scavenging process as a raw material to be selected.
  • the m-1th scavenging foam middlings obtained in the m-1th scavenging are returned to the m-2th scavenging process as a raw material to be selected.
  • the m-th scavenging foam middlings obtained in the m-th scavenging are returned to the m-1-th scavenging process as raw materials to be selected.
  • the scavenging agent used in each scavenging independently includes a graphite collector and a foaming agent.
  • the graphite collector used in each sweeping process includes at least one of kerosene and diesel;
  • the foaming agent used in each scanning process includes at least one of methyl isobutyl carbinol, pine oil and secondary octanol.
  • the amount of graphite collector used in each scavenging process is 0-150 g/t; and/or the amount of foaming agent used in each scavenging process is 0-150 g/t.
  • the number of rough selections is 1 time
  • the number of fine selections is 4 times
  • the number of sweep selections is 2 times.
  • the main sources of battery black powder include positive electrode materials containing lithium and negative electrode materials containing graphite.
  • the source of battery black powder also includes at least one of a current collector and battery impurities.
  • the current collector includes copper foil or aluminum foil.
  • the fixed carbon content in the battery black powder is 30%-55%
  • the Li content is 3%-7%
  • the Ni content is 10%-35%
  • the Co content is 2%-5%
  • the Mn content is 2%-5%
  • the Cu content is 0.055-1%
  • the Al content is 0.05%-1%
  • the Fe content is 0.05%-1%.
  • the preparation of battery black powder includes: discharging, crushing, cracking and screening waste batteries.
  • the firing includes at least one of the following features:
  • Calcination temperature is 400°C-800°C;
  • Calcination time is 30min-180min
  • Feature 3 Calcination is carried out in an oxygen-free environment.
  • the oxygen-free environment is provided by nitrogen or an inert gas.
  • water leaching for lithium extraction includes a water leaching process, and the water leaching includes at least one of the following features:
  • the immersion time is 30min-120min;
  • Feature 4 Water immersion is carried out under stirring conditions.
  • the stirring speed during the water immersion process is 500 rpm-2000 rpm.
  • water leaching for lithium extraction also includes a lithium extraction process
  • the lithium extraction method includes evaporating the leaching liquid obtained in the water leaching process.
  • evaporation is performed by water bath evaporation.
  • the temperature of the water bath evaporation is 80°C-100°C.
  • the process further includes dispersing the water-leached residue before flotation.
  • the dispersion is in the form of ultrasonic dispersion.
  • ultrasonic dispersion includes at least one of the following features:
  • Ultrasonic dispersion is carried out by mixing the water-soaked residue with water at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1:3-1:10;
  • Ultrasonic stirring intensity is 300rpm-1000rpm;
  • Ultrasonic dispersion time is 5min-20min.
  • the flotation tailings product is further subjected to post-processing
  • Post-treatment includes acid leaching, impurity removal and extraction.
  • the present invention obtains a higher Li leaching rate by roasting and water leaching the battery black powder obtained from waste batteries.
  • the obtained water leaching residue is subjected to a specific flotation process, and the frother used in the flotation process can increase the amount of foam, which is beneficial to flotation; the flocculant used can act on the water leaching residue to flocculate it, and then the graphite collector can effectively capture the graphite.
  • This method is simple and easy to implement, and can effectively recycle lithium and graphite in waste batteries.
  • the recovery rates of lithium and graphite are both high, avoiding waste of resources.
  • FIG1 is an overall flow chart of a method for recycling lithium and graphite from waste batteries provided by the present invention in a full-chain integrated manner
  • FIG2 is a flow chart of the flotation process in the full-chain integrated method for recovering lithium and graphite from waste batteries provided by the present invention.
  • the present disclosure proposes a full-chain integrated method for recovering lithium and graphite from waste batteries, including the following steps: roasting and leaching the battery black powder obtained from the waste batteries to extract lithium, and flotating the leached residue.
  • the main sources of battery black powder may include positive electrode materials containing lithium and negative electrode materials containing graphite.
  • the lithium-containing cathode material may include at least one of a binary cathode material, a ternary cathode material, a quaternary cathode material, and a higher-order cathode material.
  • the metal elements contained in the binary positive electrode material may be, for example but not limited to, nickel and cobalt; the elements contained in the ternary positive electrode material may be, for example but not limited to, nickel, cobalt, and manganese; the elements contained in the quaternary positive electrode material may be, for example but not limited to, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and aluminum.
  • the source of the battery black powder may also include at least one of the current collector and battery impurities.
  • the current collector may include, for example, copper foil or aluminum foil, etc.
  • Battery impurities may include, for example, iron filings, etc.
  • the fixed carbon content in the battery black powder can be 30%-55% (such as 30%, 32%, 35%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 45%, 48%, 50%, 52% or 55%, etc.)
  • the Li content can be 3%-7% (such as 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5% or 7%, etc.)
  • the Ni content can be 10%-35% (such as 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 28%, 30%, 32% or 35%, etc.)
  • the Co content can be 2%-5% (such as 2%, 2.5 %, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% or 5%, etc.)
  • the Mn content can be 2%-5% (such as 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% or 5%, etc.)
  • the Cu content can be 0.055-1% (such as 0.055%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.
  • the chemical composition and content of the battery black powder obtained therefrom are not limited to the above ranges and can be determined according to the circumstances.
  • the preparation of battery black powder may include: discharging, crushing, cracking and screening the waste batteries.
  • the calcination temperature can be 400°C-800°C, such as 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, 600°C, 650°C, 700°C, 750°C or 800°C, etc., or it can be any other value within the range of 400°C-800°C.
  • the calcination time may be 30 min-180 min, such as 30 min, 50 min, 80 min, 100 min, 120 min, 150 min or 180 min, etc., or any other value within the range of 30 min-180 min.
  • the calcination temperature may be 500° C., and the calcination time may be 180 min.
  • the calcination is performed in an oxygen-free environment, which can be provided by nitrogen or an inert gas (such as argon or helium).
  • nitrogen or an inert gas such as argon or helium.
  • the present disclosure does not use any additives during the calcination process, and the battery black powder is directly calcined in an oxygen-free environment, which does not introduce other impurity ions for subsequent impurity removal.
  • the calcination process can remove the binder (such as PVDF, etc.) in the positive electrode active material, greatly improving the surface floatability difference between the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material, which is conducive to the flotation separation of the positive and negative electrode materials.
  • water leaching of lithium includes a water leaching process
  • the solid-liquid ratio of the water leaching process can be 1:3-1:10, such as 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 or 1:10, or any other value within the range of 1:3-1:10.
  • the temperature of the water immersion may be 25° C.-90° C., such as 25° C., 30° C., 35° C., 40° C., 45° C., 50° C., 55° C., 60° C., 65° C., 70° C., 75° C., 80° C., 85° C. or 90° C., etc., or any other value within the range of 25° C.-90° C.
  • the temperature of the water immersion is 25° C.-90° C.
  • the immersion time may be 30 min-120 min, such as 30 min, 50 min, 80 min, 100 min or 120 min, etc., or any other value within the range of 30 min-120 min.
  • the water immersion is performed under stirring conditions to improve the water immersion effect, which is beneficial to increasing the leaching rate of lithium.
  • the stirring speed during the water immersion process may be 500 rpm-2000 rpm, such as 500 rpm, 800 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1500 rpm, 1800 rpm or 2000 rpm.
  • water immersion process may be performed only once, or may be repeated multiple times as required.
  • the water immersion solid-liquid ratio may be 1:5, the water immersion temperature may be 80° C., the water immersion time may be 60 min, the stirring speed may be 1500 rpm, and the water immersion times may be 2 times.
  • the water immersion process adopts higher stirring intensity and higher temperature, which is beneficial to improve the lithium leaching rate on the one hand, and on the other hand, the surface of the positive and negative active materials is more completely exposed under high-intensity stirring, which is beneficial to further increase the surface differences of the positive and negative electrode materials.
  • water leaching of lithium also includes a lithium extraction process
  • the lithium extraction method includes evaporating the leaching liquid obtained in the water leaching process, which can also be understood as evaporation of lithium.
  • the evaporation can be performed by water bath evaporation.
  • the temperature of the water bath evaporation can be 80°C-100°C, such as 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C or 100°C, etc. until the water is completely evaporated.
  • the temperature of the water bath evaporation is 90°C.
  • high-purity lithium-containing materials can be directly obtained by leaching lithium with water, and the recovery rate exceeds 80%.
  • the remaining lithium enters the subsequent acid leaching process through the flotation process, and the final lithium recovery rate of the whole process is ⁇ 93%.
  • the water-leached residue may be dispersed before flotation.
  • the dispersion form may be ultrasonic dispersion.
  • ultrasonic dispersion can be performed by mixing the water-leached residue with water in a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1:3-1:10 (such as 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 or 1:10, etc.).
  • the ultrasonic stirring intensity may be 300 rpm-1000 rpm, such as 300 rpm, 400 rpm, 500 rpm, 600 rpm, 700 rpm, 800 rpm, 900 rpm or 1000 rpm, etc., or any other value within the range of 300 rpm-1000 rpm.
  • the ultrasonic dispersion time can be 5 min-20 min, such as 5 min, 8 min, 10 min, 12 min, 15 min, 18 min or 20 min, etc., or any other value within the range of 5 min-20 min.
  • the solid-liquid ratio corresponding to ultrasonic dispersion can be 1:5, the stirring intensity can be 500 rpm, and the dispersion time can be 10 min.
  • flotation may be performed in a flotation machine.
  • flotation includes: using a flotation agent to perform a roughing of the water-leached residue to obtain a roughing foam material and a roughing liquid material; and performing at least one fine cleaning of the roughing foam material to finally obtain a carbonaceous concentrate.
  • the flotation agents used in the roughing process may include graphite collectors, conditioning agents and frothers; the conditioning agents include flocculants.
  • the graphite collector may exemplarily but not limitatively include at least one of kerosene and diesel.
  • the flocculant may exemplarily but not limitatively include at least one of starch (preferably soluble starch, such as corn starch, etc.), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and dextrin.
  • the foaming agent may exemplarily but not limitatively include at least one of methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), pine oil and octanol.
  • the amount of graphite collector used can be 50 g/t-500 g/t, such as 50 g/t, 80 g/t, 100 g/t, 150 g/t, 200 g/t, 250 g/t, 300 g/t, 350 g/t, 400 g/t, 450 g/t or 500 g/t, or any other value within the range of 50 g/t-500 g/t.
  • the amount of graphite collector is less than 50g/t, it is not conducive to the quality of graphite products and the recovery rate is low; if it is higher than 500g/t, it is not conducive to the fixed carbon content of graphite products.
  • the dosage of the flocculant can be 500g/t-2000g/t, such as 500g/t, 800g/t, 1000g/t, 1200g/t, 1500g/t, 1800g/t or 2000g/t, or any other value within the range of 500g/t-2000g/t.
  • the dosage of flocculant is lower than 500g/t, it is not conducive to the quality of graphite products; if it is higher than 2000g/t, it is not conducive to the low graphite recovery rate.
  • the dosage of the foaming agent can be 50g/t-400g/t, such as 50g/t, 100g/t, 150g/t, 200g/t, 250g/t, 300g/t, 350g/t or 400g/t, or any other value within the range of 50g/t-400g/t.
  • the amount of foaming agent is less than 50g/t, it is not conducive to the recovery rate of graphite products; if it is higher than 400g/t, it is not conducive to the quality of graphite products.
  • the regulator used in the roughing process may also include at least one of a pH regulator and a stabilizer.
  • the pH adjuster may illustratively but not limitatively include at least one of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide.
  • the stabilizer may illustratively but not limitatively include at least one of aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride, and magnesium sulfate.
  • the amount of the pH adjuster can be 200 g/t-4000 g/t, such as 200 g/t, 500 g/t, 800 g/t, 1000 g/t, 1500 g/t, 2000 g/t, 2500 g/t, 3000 g/t, 3500 g/t or 4000 g/t, or any other value within the range of 200 g/t-4000 g/t.
  • the dosage of pH regulator is lower than 200g/t, it is not conducive to the quality of graphite products; if it is higher than 4000g/t, it is not conducive to the quality of graphite products.
  • the amount of the stabilizer can be 200g/t-2000g/t, such as 200g/t, 500g/t, 800g/t, 1000g/t, 1200g/t, 1500g/t, 1800g/t or 2000g/t, or any other value within the range of 200g/t-2000g/t.
  • the amount of stabilizer is less than 200g/t, it is not conducive to the recovery rate of graphite products; if it is higher than 2000g/t, it is not conducive to the quality of graphite products.
  • the graphite collector used in the roughing process is kerosene
  • the flocculant is starch
  • the foaming agent is MIBC
  • the pH adjuster is calcium oxide
  • the stabilizer is aluminum sulfate; wherein the amount of kerosene is 212 g/t, the amount of starch is 1500 g/t, the amount of MIBC is 174 g/t, the amount of calcium oxide is 2000 g/t, and the amount of aluminum sulfate is 1000 g/t.
  • the principles of the roughing process include: the foaming agent used can increase the amount of foam, which is beneficial to flotation; the flocculant used can act on the water-leached residue (such as cobalt-manganese products) to flocculate it, and then the graphite collector can effectively capture the graphite.
  • the pH regulator used can cooperate with the flocculant to improve the flocculation effect, and the stabilizer used can increase the foam half-life, increase the foam stabilizer, and reduce the amount of the foaming agent.
  • the foam material obtained by rough selection is finely selected.
  • the preset number of selections is n times, where n ⁇ 2 and is an integer.
  • n can be 1, or 2, 3, 4 or more.
  • the n-1th concentrated foam material and the n-1th concentrated middlings are obtained after each concentration; the n-1th concentrated foam material is used as the raw material to be selected for the nth concentration (i.e. the next concentration).
  • the first concentrated middlings obtained in the first concentration can be returned to the roughing process as the raw material to be selected. Furthermore, the second concentrated middlings obtained in the second concentration can be returned to the first concentration process as the raw material to be selected.
  • the n-1th concentrated middlings obtained in the n-1th concentration can be returned to the n-2th concentration process as a raw material to be selected. Furthermore, the nth concentrated middlings obtained in the nth concentration can also be returned to the n-1th concentration process as a raw material to be selected.
  • the recovery rate can be improved by adopting a closed-circuit concentration method, that is, the middlings obtained from the concentration are not discharged.
  • the foam material of the first selection and the middling ore of the third selection are combined for grinding and scrubbing.
  • the scrubbing time may be illustratively 2 min-15 min, such as 2 min, 5 min, 8 min, 10 min, 12 min or 15 min, etc. In some specific optional embodiments, the scrubbing time may be 5 min.
  • Grinding and scrubbing can be carried out in equipment such as vertical mills or ball mills.
  • the concentrator used in each concentrating step may independently include a graphite collector and a foaming agent.
  • the graphite collector used in each beneficiation process may exemplarily but not limitatively include at least one of kerosene and diesel.
  • the foaming agent used in each beneficiation process may exemplarily but not limitatively include at least one of methyl isobutyl carbinol, pine oil and sec-octanol.
  • the amount of graphite collector used in each concentration process can be 0-150 g/t, such as 0 g/t, 5 g/t, 10 g/t, 20g/t, 50g/t, 80g/t, 100g/t, 120g/t or 150g/t, etc., or any other value within the range of 0-150g/t.
  • the amount of the foaming agent used in each concentration process can be 0-150g/t, such as 0g/t, 5g/t, 10g/t, 20g/t, 50g/t, 80g/t, 100g/t, 120g/t or 150g/t, or any other value within the range of 0-150g/t.
  • the graphite collector used in each concentration process may be kerosene, and the foaming agent may be MIBC.
  • the amount of kerosene used in the first concentration may be 53 g/t, and the amount of MIBC may be 58 g/t;
  • the amount of kerosene used in the second concentration may be 53 g/t, and the amount of MIBC may be 58 g/t;
  • the amount of kerosene used in the third concentration may be 53 g/t, and the amount of MIBC may be 29 g/t;
  • the amount of kerosene used in the fourth concentration may be 26.5 g/t, and the amount of MIBC may be 0 g/t.
  • flotation may also include: subjecting the roughing slurry to at least one scavenging process to finally obtain carbonaceous tailings.
  • the preset scanning times is m times, where m ⁇ 2 and is an integer.
  • m may be 1, or may be 2, 3, 4 or more.
  • the m-1th sweeping residual slurry and the m-1th sweeping foam medium ore are obtained respectively; the m-1th sweeping residual slurry is used as the raw material to be selected for the mth sweeping process (i.e., the next sweeping process).
  • the first scavenged foam middlings obtained in the first scavenging can be returned to the roughing process as a raw material to be selected. Further, the second scavenged foam middlings obtained in the second scavenging can be returned to the first scavenging process as a raw material to be selected.
  • the m-1th scavenging foam middlings obtained in the m-1th scavenging can be returned to the m-2th scavenging process as a raw material to be selected. Furthermore, the mth scavenging foam middlings obtained in the mth scavenging can be returned to the m-1th scavenging process as a raw material to be selected.
  • the scavenging agent used in each scavenging may independently include a graphite collector and a foaming agent.
  • the graphite collector used in each scavenging process may exemplarily but not limitatively include at least one of kerosene and diesel.
  • the foaming agent used in each scavenging process may exemplarily but not limitatively include at least one of methyl isobutyl carbinol, pine oil and sec-octanol.
  • the amount of graphite collector used in each scanning process can be 0-150 g/t, such as 0 g/t, 5 g/t, 10 g/t, 20 g/t, 50 g/t, 80 g/t, 100 g/t, 120 g/t or 150 g/t, or any other value within the range of 0-150 g/t.
  • the amount of the foaming agent used in each sweeping process can be 0-150g/t, such as 0g/t, 5g/t, 10g/t, 20g/t, 50g/t, 80g/t, 100g/t, 120g/t or 150g/t, or any other value within the range of 0-150g/t.
  • the graphite collector used in each scavenging process may be kerosene, and the foaming agent may be MIBC.
  • the amount of kerosene used in the first scavenging may be 106 g/t, and the amount of MIBC used may be 58 g/t; the amount of kerosene used in the second scavenging may be 53 g/t, and the amount of MIBC used may be 58 g/t.
  • the number of roughing selections is 1, the number of fine selections is 4, and the number of scavenging selections is 2, that is, the corresponding flotation process is a "one roughing, four fine selections, and two scavenging" process.
  • the flotation process of the present disclosure adopts a flocculation flotation process, by adding a reagent to act on the water-leached residue (such as cobalt-manganese product), flocculating it and inhibiting its floatability, further improving the effect of flotation separation of graphite.
  • a stabilizer during flotation has a certain stabilizing effect on the flotation foam, which can increase the half-life of the foam and reduce the amount of graphite collector and frother.
  • the flotation tailings product may be subjected to post-processing, such as acid leaching, impurity removal and extraction.
  • This embodiment provides a method for recycling lithium and graphite from waste batteries in a full-chain integrated manner, including the following steps:
  • the sources of the battery black powder include nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary positive electrode material, graphite negative electrode material, current collector of copper foil and aluminum foil, and battery impurities (iron filings).
  • the battery black powder has a fixed carbon content of 44.10%, a Li content of 4.04%, a Ni content of 26.80%, a Co content of 3.39%, a Mn content of 2.56%, a Cu content of 0.11%, an Al content of 0.10%, and a Fe content of 0.10%.
  • the oxygen-free environment was provided by nitrogen, the calcination temperature was 550°C, and the calcination time was 180 min.
  • the calcined material is placed in a container for water immersion process.
  • the water immersion conditions are: solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, water temperature of 80°C, stirring speed of 1500rpm, water immersion time of 60min, and water immersion times of 2 times.
  • the second round of selected foam material was subjected to the third round of selection process to obtain the third round of selected foam material and the third round of selected middlings (recorded as middlings 5).
  • Middlings 5 were returned to the second round of selection process as the raw material to be selected and ground and scrubbed in the vertical mill for 5 minutes with the new round of first round of selected foam material.
  • the roughing liquid obtained by roughing is subjected to the first scavenging to obtain the first scavenging foamed middlings (referred to as middlings 2) and the first scavenging residual slurry.
  • the middlings 2 are returned to the roughing process as the raw material to be selected.
  • the residual slurry from the first scavenging is subjected to the second scavenging process to obtain tailings and the second scavenging foam middlings (referred to as middlings 1).
  • the middlings 1 are returned to the first scavenging process as the raw material to be selected.
  • the flotation agents used in the roughing process include pH regulator (calcium oxide, 2000 g/t), stabilizer (aluminum sulfate, 1000 g/t), flocculant (corn starch, 1500 g/t), graphite collector (kerosene, 212 g/t), and frother (MIBC, 174 g/t).
  • pH regulator calcium oxide, 2000 g/t
  • stabilizer aluminum sulfate, 1000 g/t
  • flocculant corn starch, 1500 g/t
  • graphite collector kerosene, 212 g/t
  • frother MIBC, 174 g/t
  • the concentrators used in each concentrator include graphite collector (kerosene) and foaming agent (MIBC, optional).
  • the amount of kerosene used in the first concentrator is 53g/t, and the amount of MIBC is 58g/t;
  • the amount of kerosene used in the second concentrator is 53g/t, and the amount of MIBC is 58g/t;
  • the amount of kerosene used in the third concentrator is 53g/t, and the amount of MIBC is 29g/t;
  • the amount of kerosene used in the fourth concentrator is 26.5g/t, the dosage of MIBC is 0g/t.
  • the scavenging agents used in each scavenging process include graphite collector (kerosene) and foaming agent (MIBC).
  • kerosene graphite collector
  • MIBC foaming agent
  • tailings are acid-leached together with a reducing agent to remove impurities and extract nickel, cobalt, manganese and the remaining lithium to obtain qualified nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium products.
  • the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in S6, the amount of kerosene and MIBC used in roughing is reduced. Specifically, the amount of kerosene used is 106 g/t, and the amount of MIBC used is 116 g/t.
  • step S5 is not performed, that is, ultrasonic dispersion is not performed before flotation, and the water-leached residue is directly subjected to flotation.
  • the flotation agent used in the roughing process includes a pH regulator (calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, the mass ratio of the two is 1:1, 200 g/t), a stabilizer (ferric chloride, 200 g/t), a flocculant (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 500 g/t), a graphite collector (diesel, 50 g/t), and a foaming agent (pine oil, 50 g/t).
  • a pH regulator calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, the mass ratio of the two is 1:1, 200 g/t
  • a stabilizer ferric chloride, 200 g/t
  • a flocculant sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 500 g/t
  • a graphite collector diesel, 50 g/t
  • foaming agent pine oil, 50 g/t
  • the amount of diesel used in each selection is 10g/t, and the amount of pine oil used in each selection is 10g/t.
  • the amount of diesel used in each sweep is 10g/t, and the amount of pine oil used in each sweep is 10g/t.
  • the flotation agent used in the roughing process includes a pH regulator (sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, the mass ratio of the two is 1:1, 4000 g/t), a stabilizer (magnesium nitrate, 2000 g/t), a flocculant (dextrin, 2000 g/t), a graphite collector (kerosene, 500 g/t), and a frother (octanol, 400 g/t).
  • a pH regulator sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, the mass ratio of the two is 1:1, 4000 g/t
  • a stabilizer magnesium nitrate, 2000 g/t
  • a flocculant disextrin, 2000 g/t
  • kerosene 500 g/t
  • a frother octanol, 400 g/t
  • the amount of kerosene used in each selection is 150g/t, and the amount of octanol used in each selection is 150g/t.
  • the amount of kerosene used in each scavenging is 150g/t, and the amount of octanol used in each scavenging is 150g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in S6, no flocculant (starch) is added during the roughing.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in S6, no flocculant (starch) and pH regulator (calcium oxide) are added during the roughing.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in S6, no flocculant (starch) and stabilizer (aluminum sulfate) are added during the roughing.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in the roughing process, the amount of kerosene used is 100 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in the roughing process, the amount of kerosene used is 600 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in the roughing process, the amount of MIBC used is 20 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in the roughing process, the amount of MIBC used is 450 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in the roughing process, the amount of corn starch used is 400 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in the roughing process, the amount of corn starch used is 2400 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in the roughing process, the amount of calcium oxide used is 150 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in the roughing process, the amount of aluminum sulfate used is 2400 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of kerosene used in each concentration is 0 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of kerosene used in each concentration is 200 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of MIBC used in each concentration is 0 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of MIBC used in each concentration is 200 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of kerosene used in each sweep is 0 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of kerosene used in each sweep is 200 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of MIBC used in each sweep is 0 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of MIBC used in each sweep is 200 g/t.
  • Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in S2, the calcination temperature is 1000°C.
  • the method provided by the present disclosure can effectively extract Li, and the leaching rate of Li is relatively high.
  • the method provided by the present disclosure can effectively recover graphite, the graphite recovery rate is high, and the recovered graphite product has a high fixed carbon content.
  • the full-chain integrated method for recycling lithium and graphite in waste batteries provided by the present invention is simple and easy to implement, and can effectively recycle lithium and graphite in waste batteries.
  • the recovery rates of lithium and graphite are both high, thus avoiding waste of resources.
  • the method for recycling lithium and graphite in waste batteries through full-chain integration provided by the present invention is simple and easy to implement, and can effectively recycle lithium and graphite in waste batteries.
  • the recovery rates of lithium and graphite are both high, and the fixed carbon content of the recovered graphite is high, thus avoiding waste of resources.

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Abstract

本公开公开了一种全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法,属于电池回收技术领域。该方法包括将由废旧电池得到的电池黑粉进行焙烧和水浸提锂,将水浸渣进行浮选;其中,浮选包括:采用浮选剂对水浸渣进行一次粗选,得到粗选泡沫料以及和粗选液料;将粗选泡沫料进行至少一次精选,最终得到含碳精矿;浮选剂包括石墨捕收剂、絮凝剂和起泡剂。该方法简单易行,能够将废旧电池中的锂和石墨进行有效回收利用,锂和石墨的回收率均较高,避免了资源浪费。

Description

一种全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法 技术领域
本公开涉及电池回收技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法。
背景技术
随着新能源行业的高速发展,电池级的碳酸锂价格已经从2021年初近5万元/吨涨至2023年3月份30万元/吨,在这期间价格曾一度超过55万元/吨。
目前废旧三元锂电池的回收工艺主要分为拆解加湿法冶金以及火法冶金。湿法冶金工艺主要为有机酸或无机酸加还原剂浸出电池黑粉,存在的问题是锂的回收率一般都低于80%,该工艺下的石墨作为危废处理,这将造成了大量的资源浪费。火法工艺则存在能耗高,锂和石墨未能回收等问题。
通过回收废旧电池中的有价金属和石墨,使电池中的有价金属及石墨重新回到电池端,实现全组分回收,建设“全链条一体化产业园”,可降本增效,避免资源浪费。但目前还未见能够同时有效地回收废旧电池中锂和石墨的方法。
鉴于此,特提出本公开。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法,该方法简单易行,能够将废旧电池中的锂和石墨进行有效回收利用,锂和石墨的回收率均较高,避免了资源浪费。
为了实现本公开的上述目的,可采用以下技术方案:
本公开包括提供一种全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法,包括以下步骤:
将由废旧电池得到的电池黑粉进行焙烧和水浸提锂,将水浸渣进行浮选;
其中,浮选包括:采用浮选剂对水浸渣进行一次粗选,得到粗选泡沫料以及和粗选液料;将粗选泡沫料进行至少一次精选,最终得到含碳精矿;
浮选剂包括石墨捕收剂、调整剂和起泡剂;调整剂包括絮凝剂。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,石墨捕收剂包括煤油和柴油中的至少一种;
和/或,絮凝剂包括淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠和糊精中的至少一种;
和/或,起泡剂包括甲基异丁基甲醇、松醇油和仲辛醇中的至少一种。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,石墨捕收剂的用量为50g/t-500g/t;和/或,絮凝剂的用量为500g/t-2000g/t;和/或,起泡剂的用量为50g/t-400g/t。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,调整剂还包括pH调节剂和稳定剂中的至少一种。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,pH调节剂包括氧化钙、碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠中的至少一种;
和/或,稳定剂包括硫酸铝、硝酸铝、氯化铝、聚合氯化铝、硫酸铁、硝酸铁、硫酸亚铁、氯化铁、 氯化亚铁、硝酸镁、氯化镁和硫酸镁中的至少一种。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,pH调节剂的用量为200g/t-4000g/t,和/或,稳定剂的用量为200g/t-2000g/t。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,精选次数为n次,n≥2且为整数;前n-1次精选过程中,每次精选后均分别得到第n-1次精选泡沫料和第n-1次精选中矿;将第n-1次精选泡沫料作为待选原料用于进行第n次精选。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,当n=2时,将第1次精选得到的第1次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至粗选过程。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,当n=2时,将第2次精选得到的第2次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第1次精选过程。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,当n≥3时,将第n-1次精选得到的第n-1次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第n-2次精选过程。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,将第n次精选得到的第n次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第n-1次精选过程。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,当有精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第2次精选过程时,在进行第2次精选之前,先将第1次精选泡沫料与第3次精选的中矿合并进行磨矿擦洗。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,擦洗时间为2min-15min。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,每次精选所用的精选剂均独立地包括石墨捕收剂和起泡剂。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,每次精选过程所用的石墨捕收剂包括煤油和柴油中的至少一种;
和/或,每次精选过程所用的起泡剂包括甲基异丁基甲醇、松醇油和仲辛醇中的至少一种。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,每次精选过程所用的石墨捕收剂的用量为0-150g/t;和/或,每次精选过程所用的起泡剂的用量为0-150g/t。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,浮选还包括:将粗选浆料进行至少一次扫选,最终得到含碳尾矿。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,扫选次数为m次,m≥2且为整数;前m-1次扫选过程中,每次扫选后均分别得到第m-1次扫选剩余浆料和第m-1次扫选泡沫中矿;将第m-1次扫选剩余浆料作为待选原料用于进行第m次扫选。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,当m=2时,将第1次扫选得到的第1次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至粗选过程。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,当m=2时,将第2次扫选得到的第2次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至第1次扫选过程。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,当m≥3时,将第m-1次扫选得到的第m-1次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至第m-2次扫选过程。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,将第m次扫选得到的第m次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至第m-1次扫选过程。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,每次扫选所用的扫选剂均独立地包括石墨捕收剂和起泡剂。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,每次扫选过程所用的石墨捕收剂包括煤油和柴油中的至少一种;
和/或,每次扫选过程所用的起泡剂包括甲基异丁基甲醇、松醇油和仲辛醇中的至少一种。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,每次扫选过程所用的石墨捕收剂的用量为0-150g/t;和/或,每次扫选过程所用的起泡剂的用量为0-150g/t。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,粗选次数为1次,精选次数为4次,扫选次数为2次。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,电池黑粉的主要来源包括含锂的正极材料和含有石墨的负极材料。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,电池黑粉的来源还包括集流体和电池杂质中的至少一种。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,集流体包括铜箔或铝箔。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,以质量百分数计,电池黑粉中,固定碳含量为30%-55%、Li含量为3%-7%、Ni含量为10%-35%、Co含量为2%-5%、Mn含量为2%-5%、Cu含量为0.055-1%、Al含量为0.05%-1%以及Fe含量为0.05%-1%。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,电池黑粉的制备包括:将废旧电池进行放电、破碎、裂解和筛分。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,焙烧包括以下特征中的至少一种:
特征一:焙烧温度为400℃-800℃;
特征二:焙烧时间为30min-180min;
特征三:焙烧是于无氧环境中进行。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,无氧环境是由氮气或惰性气体提供。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,水浸提锂包括水浸过程,水浸包括以下特征中的至少一种:
特征一:水浸的固液比为1:3-1:10;
特征二:水浸的温度为25℃-90℃;
特征三:水浸的时间为30min-120min;
特征四:水浸在搅拌条件下进行。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,水浸过程中的搅拌转速为500rpm-2000rpm。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,水浸提锂还包括提锂过程,提锂方式包括将水浸过程得到的水浸液进行蒸发。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,蒸发采用水浴蒸发的方式进行。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,水浴蒸发的温度为80℃-100℃。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,在浮选之前,还包括将水浸渣进行分散。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,分散形式为超声波分散。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,超声波分散包括以下特征中的至少一种:
特征一:超声波分散是将水浸渣与水以液固比为1:3-1:10混合后进行;
特征二:超声波搅拌强度为300rpm-1000rpm;
特征三:超声波分散时间为5min-20min。
在本公开的一些实施方式中,浮选后,还包括将浮选尾矿产品进行后处理;
后处理包括酸浸、除杂和萃取。
本公开通过将由废旧电池得到的电池黑粉进行焙烧和水浸提锂,获得较高的Li浸出率。通过将所得的水浸渣进行特定浮选过程,该浮选过程中所用的起泡剂可增加泡沫量,有利于浮选;所用的絮凝剂可作用在水浸渣上,使其絮凝,再通过石墨捕收剂对石墨进行有效捕获。
该方法简单易行,能够将废旧电池中的锂和石墨进行有效回收利用,锂和石墨的回收率均较高,避免了资源浪费。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本公开的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本公开提供的全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法的整体流程图;
图2为本公开提供的全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法中的浮选过程的流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
下面对本公开提供的全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法进行具体说明。
请一并参照图1和图2,本公开提出一种全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法,包括以下步骤:将由废旧电池得到的电池黑粉进行焙烧和水浸提锂,将水浸渣进行浮选。
作为参考地,电池黑粉的主要来源可包括含锂的正极材料和含有石墨的负极材料。
示例性地,含锂的正极材料可以包括二元正极材料、三元正极材料、四元正极材料和更多元的正极材料中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中,二元正极材料所含的金属元素示例性但非限定性地可以为镍和钴;三元正极材料所含的元素示例性但非限定性地可以为镍、钴、锰;四元正极材料所含的元素示例性但非限定性地可以为镍、钴、锰和铝。
进一步地,上述电池黑粉的来源还可包括集流体和电池杂质中的至少一种。
其中,集流体例如可以包括铜箔或铝箔等。电池杂质例如可以包括铁屑等。
作为参考地,以质量百分数计,电池黑粉中固定碳含量可以为30%-55%(如30%、32%、35%、。38%、40%、42%、45%、48%、50%、52%或55%等)、Li含量可以为3%-7%(如3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%、5%、5.5%、6%、6.5%或7%等)、Ni含量可以为10%-35%(如10%、12%、15%、18%、20%、22%、25%、28%、30%、32%或35%等)、Co含量可以为2%-5%(如2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%或5%等)、Mn含量可以为2%-5%(如2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%或5%等)、Cu含量可以为0.055-1%(如0.055%、0.01%、0.02%、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.5%、0.8%或1%等)、Al含量可以为0.05%-1%(如0.05%、0.08%、0.1%、0.2%、0.5%、0.8%或1%等)以及Fe含量可以为0.05%-1%(如0.05%、0.08%、 0.1%、0.2%、0.5%、0.8%或1%等)。
需说明的是,根据废旧电池的使用该情况,由其得到的电池黑粉的化学成分以及含量均不局限于上述范围,可视情况而定。
在一些可选的实施方式中,电池黑粉的制备可包括:将废旧电池进行放电、破碎、裂解和筛分。
上述放电、破碎和裂解均可采用常规方式进行,在此不做过多赘述。
作为参考地,焙烧过程中,焙烧温度可以为400℃-800℃,如400℃、450℃、500℃、550℃、600℃、650℃、700℃、750℃或800℃等,也可以为400℃-800℃范围内的其它任意值。
焙烧时间可以为30min-180min,如30min、50min、80min、100min、120min、150min或180min等,也可以为30min-180min范围内的其它任意值。
在一些具体的可选实施方式中,焙烧温度可以为500℃,焙烧时间可以为180min。
在一些较佳地实施方式中,焙烧是于无氧环境中进行。无氧环境可以是由氮气或惰性气体(如氩气或氦气等)提供。
需说明的是,本公开在焙烧过程中未采用任何添加剂,直接将电池黑粉在无氧环境下焙烧,不会引入其它杂质离子,以便后续除杂。此外,通过焙烧处理,可去除正极活性材料中粘结剂(如PVDF等),极大地改善了正极活性材料和负极活性材料的表面可浮性差异,有利于浮选分离正负极材料。
作为参考地,水浸提锂包括水浸过程,水浸过程的固液比可以为1:3-1:10,如1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:7、1:8、1:9或1:10等,也可以为1:3-1:10范围内的其它任意值。
水浸的温度可以为25℃-90℃,如25℃、30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃、60℃、65℃、70℃、75℃、80℃、85℃或90℃等,也可以为25℃-90℃范围内的其它任意值。在一些进一步可选的实施方式中,水浸的温度为25℃-90℃。
水浸的时间可以为30min-120min,如30min、50min、80min、100min或120min等,也可以为30min-120min范围内的其它任意值。
在一些较佳的实施方式中,水浸在搅拌条件下进行,以提高水浸效果,有利于提高锂的浸出率。
示例性地,水浸过程中的搅拌转速可以为500rpm-2000rpm,如500rpm、800rpm、1000rpm、1200rpm、1500rpm、1800rpm或2000rpm等。
需说明的是,上述水浸过程可仅进行1次,也可根据需要重复进行多次。
在一些具体的可选实施方式中,水浸固液比可以为1:5,水浸温度可以为80℃,水浸时间可以为60min,搅拌转速可以为1500rpm,水浸次数可以为2次。
承上,水浸过程采用较高的搅拌强度以及较高的温度,一方面有利于提高锂的浸出率,另外一方面在高强度的搅拌下正负极活性材料的表面暴露的更加完全,有利于进一步增加正负极材料的表面差异性。
进一步地,水浸提锂还包括提锂过程,提锂方式包括将水浸过程得到的水浸液进行蒸发,也可理解为蒸发沉锂。
示例性地,蒸发可采用水浴蒸发的方式进行。
水浴蒸发的温度可以为80℃-100℃,如80℃、85℃、90℃、95℃或100℃等。直至水分蒸发完全。
在一些具体的可选实施方式中,水浴蒸发的温度为90℃。
承上,以水浸提锂可直接得到高纯度的含锂材料,且回收率超过80%。剩余的锂通过浮选流程进入后续酸浸工艺,最终全流程的锂的回收率≥93%。
本公开中,在浮选之前,还可将水浸渣进行分散。
作为参考地,分散形式可以为超声波分散。
在一些实施方式中,超声波分散可以将水浸渣与水以液固比为1:3-1:10(如1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:7、1:8、1:9或1:10等)混合后进行。
超声波搅拌强度可以为300rpm-1000rpm,如300rpm、400rpm、500rpm、600rpm、700rpm、800rpm、900rpm或1000rpm等,也可以为300rpm-1000rpm范围内的其它任意值。
超声波分散时间可以为5min-20min,如5min、8min、10min、12min、15min、18min或20min等,也可以为5min-20min范围内的其它任意值。
在一些具体的可选实施方式中,超声波分散对应的固液比可以为1:5,搅拌强度可以为500rpm,分散时间可以为10min。
通过在浮选前对水浸渣进行分散,更利于后续浮选分离石墨。
本公开中,浮选可在浮选机中进行。
作为参考地,浮选包括:采用浮选剂对水浸渣进行一次粗选,得到粗选泡沫料以及和粗选液料;将粗选泡沫料进行至少一次精选,最终得到含碳精矿。
粗选过程中所用的浮选剂可包括石墨捕收剂、调整剂和起泡剂;调整剂包括絮凝剂。
其中,石墨捕收剂示例性但非限定性地可包括煤油和柴油中的至少一种。絮凝剂示例性但非限定性地可包括淀粉(优选可溶性淀粉,如玉米淀粉等)、羧甲基纤维素钠和糊精中的至少一种。起泡剂示例性但非限定性地可包括甲基异丁基甲醇(MIBC)、松醇油和仲辛醇中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中,粗选过程中,石墨捕收剂的用量可以为50g/t-500g/t,如50g/t、80g/t、100g/t、150g/t、200g/t、250g/t、300g/t、350g/t、400g/t、450g/t或500g/t等,也可以为50g/t-500g/t范围内的其它任意值。
若石墨捕收剂的用量低于50g/t,不利于石墨产品质量,且回收率低;若高于500g/t,不利于石墨产品固定碳含量。
粗选过程中,絮凝剂的用量可以为500g/t-2000g/t,如500g/t、800g/t、1000g/t、1200g/t、1500g/t、1800g/t或2000g/t等,也可以为500g/t-2000g/t范围内的其它任意值。
若絮凝剂的用量低于500g/t,不利于石墨产品质量;若高于2000g/t,不利于石墨回收率较低。
粗选过程中,起泡剂的用量可以为50g/t-400g/t,如50g/t、100g/t、150g/t、200g/t、250g/t、300g/t、350g/t或400g/t等也可以为50g/t-400g/t范围内的其它任意值。
若起泡剂的用量低于50g/t,不利于石墨产品回收率;若高于400g/t,不利于石墨产品质量。
进一步地,粗选过程中所用的调整剂还可包括pH调节剂和稳定剂中的至少一种。
其中,pH调节剂示例性但非限定性地可包括氧化钙、碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠中的至少一种。
稳定剂示例性但非限定性地可包括硫酸铝、硝酸铝、氯化铝、聚合氯化铝、硫酸铁、硝酸铁、硫酸亚铁、氯化铁、氯化亚铁、硝酸镁、氯化镁和硫酸镁中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中,粗选过程中,pH调节剂的用量可以为200g/t-4000g/t,如200g/t、500g/t、800g/t、1000g/t、1500g/t、2000g/t、2500g/t、3000g/t、3500g/t或4000g/t等,也可以为200g/t-4000g/t范围内的其它任意值。
若pH调节剂的用量低于200g/t,不利于石墨产品质量;若高于4000g/t,不利于石墨产品质量。
粗选过程中,稳定剂的用量可以为200g/t-2000g/t,如200g/t、500g/t、800g/t、1000g/t、1200g/t、1500g/t、1800g/t或2000g/t等,也可以为200g/t-2000g/t范围内的其它任意值。
若稳定剂的用量低于200g/t,不利于石墨产品回收率;若高于2000g/t,不利于石墨产品质量。
在一些具体的可选实施方式中,粗选过程使用的石墨捕收剂为煤油,絮凝剂为淀粉,起泡剂为MIBC,pH调节剂为氧化钙,稳定剂为硫酸铝;其中,煤油的用量为212g/t,淀粉的用量为1500g/t,MIBC的用量为174g/t,氧化钙的用量为2000g/t,硫酸铝的用量为1000g/t。
承上,粗选过程的原理包括:所用的起泡剂可增加泡沫量,有利于浮选;所用的絮凝剂可作用在水浸渣(如钴锰产物)上,使其絮凝,再通过石墨捕收剂对石墨进行有效捕获。所用的pH调节剂可配合絮凝剂提高絮凝效果,所用的稳定剂可增加泡沫半衰期,增加泡沫稳定剂,减少起泡剂的用量。
进一步地,将粗选所得的泡沫料进行精选。
预设精选次数为n次,n≥2且为整数,例如,n可以为1,也可以为2、3、4或更多。
前n-1次精选过程中,每次精选后均分别得到第n-1次精选泡沫料和第n-1次精选中矿;将第n-1次精选泡沫料作为待选原料用于进行第n次精选(也即下一次精选)。
当n=2时,还可将第1次精选得到的第1次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至粗选过程。进一步地,还可将第2次精选得到的第2次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第1次精选过程。
当n≥3时,可将第n-1次精选得到的第n-1次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第n-2次精选过程。进一步地,还可将第n次精选得到的第n次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第n-1次精选过程。
通过将精选采用闭路精选方式,也即精选所得的中矿不进行外排,可提高回收率。
在一些实施方式中,当有精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第2次精选过程时,在进行第2次精选之前,先将第1次精选泡沫料与第3次精选的中矿(即第3次精选所得到的第3次精选中矿)合并进行磨矿擦洗。
擦洗时间示例性地可以为2min-15min,如2min、5min、8min、10min、12min或15min等。在一些具体的可选实施方式中,擦洗时间可以为5min。
磨矿擦洗可在立磨机或球磨机等设备中进行。
通过进行磨矿擦洗,可使石墨产生新鲜表面,有利于提高石墨产品固定碳含量。
本公开中,每次精选所用的精选剂均可独立地包括石墨捕收剂和起泡剂。
每次精选过程所用的石墨捕收剂示例性但非限定性地可包括煤油和柴油中的至少一种。每次精选过程所用的起泡剂示例性但非限定性地可包括甲基异丁基甲醇、松醇油和仲辛醇中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中,每次精选过程所用的石墨捕收剂的用量可以为0-150g/t,如0g/t、5g/t、10g/t、 20g/t、50g/t、80g/t、100g/t、120g/t或150g/t等,也可以为0-150g/t范围内的其它任意值。
每次精选过程所用的起泡剂的用量可以为0-150g/t,如0g/t、5g/t、10g/t、20g/t、50g/t、80g/t、100g/t、120g/t或150g/t等,也可以为0-150g/t范围内的其它任意值。
在一些具体的可选实施方式中,每次精选过程所用的石墨捕收剂可以为煤油,起泡剂可以为MIBC。以精选次数为4次为例,第1次精选所用的煤油的用量可以为53g/t,MIBC的用量可以为58g/t;第2次精选所用的煤油的用量可以为53g/t,MIBC的用量可以为58g/t;第3次精选所用的煤油的用量可以为53g/t,MIBC的用量可以为29g/t;第4次精选所用的煤油的用量可以为26.5g/t,MIBC的用量可以为0g/t。
进一步地,浮选还可包括:将粗选浆料进行至少一次扫选,最终得到含碳尾矿。
预设扫选次数为m次,m≥2且为整数,例如,m可以为1,也可以为2、3、4或更多。
前m-1次扫选过程中,每次扫选后均分别得到第m-1次扫选剩余浆料和第m-1次扫选泡沫中矿;将第m-1次扫选剩余浆料作为待选原料用于进行第m次扫选(也即下一次扫选)。
当m=2时,可将第1次扫选得到的第1次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至粗选过程。进一步地,可将第2次扫选得到的第2次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至第1次扫选过程。
当m≥3时,可将第m-1次扫选得到的第m-1次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至第m-2次扫选过程。进一步地,还可将第m次扫选得到的第m次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至第m-1次扫选过程。
本公开中,每次扫选所用的扫选剂均可独立地包括石墨捕收剂和起泡剂。
每次扫选过程所用的石墨捕收剂示例性但非限定性地可包括煤油和柴油中的至少一种。每次扫选过程所用的起泡剂示例性但非限定性地可包括甲基异丁基甲醇、松醇油和仲辛醇中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中,每次扫选过程所用的石墨捕收剂的用量可以为0-150g/t,如0g/t、5g/t、10g/t、20g/t、50g/t、80g/t、100g/t、120g/t或150g/t等,也可以为0-150g/t范围内的其它任意值。
每次扫选过程所用的起泡剂的用量可以为0-150g/t,如0g/t、5g/t、10g/t、20g/t、50g/t、80g/t、100g/t、120g/t或150g/t等,也可以为0-150g/t范围内的其它任意值。
若每次扫选过程中所用的石墨捕收剂的用量高于150g/t,不利于石墨产品质量;若每次扫选过程中所用的起泡剂的用量高于150g/t,不利于石墨产品质量。
在一些具体的可选实施方式中,每次扫选过程所用的石墨捕收剂可以为煤油,起泡剂可以为MIBC。以扫选次数为2次为例,第1次扫选所用的煤油的用量可以为106g/t,MIBC的用量可以为58g/t;第2次扫选所用的煤油的用量可以为53g/t,MIBC的用量可以为58g/t。
在本公开的一些具体的可选实施方式中,粗选次数为1次,精选次数为4次,扫选次数为2次,也即相应的浮选过程为“一粗四精两扫”过程。
承上,本公开的浮选过程采用絮凝浮选工艺,通过加入药剂作用在水浸渣(如钴锰产物)上,使其絮凝并且抑制其可浮性,进一步提高浮选分离石墨的效果。浮选时加入稳定剂,对浮选泡沫有一定的稳定作用,可增加泡沫的半衰期,减少石墨捕收剂和起泡剂的用量。
进一步地,浮选后,还可将浮选尾矿产品进行后处理,如例如可进行酸浸、除杂和萃取等。
需说明的是,上述后处理所涉及的具体处理过程和条件等均可参照相应的常规操作,在此不做过多 赘述。
以下结合实施例对本公开的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
请一并参照图1和图2,本实施例提供了一种全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将废旧三元锂电池进行放电、破碎、裂解、筛分得到电池黑粉(即给矿)。
该电池黑粉的来源包括镍钴锰酸锂三元正极材料、石墨负极材料、集流体为铜箔与铝箔、电池杂质(铁屑)。
以质量百分数计,该电池黑粉中,固定碳含量为44.10%、Li含量为4.04%、Ni含量为26.80%、Co含量为3.39%、Mn含量为2.56%、Cu含量为0.11%、Al含量为0.10%、Fe含量为0.10%。
S2:将电池黑粉在无氧环境下进行焙烧处理。
无氧环境由氮气提供,焙烧温度为550℃,焙烧时间为180min。
S3:将焙烧后的物料放入容器进行水浸工艺,水浸条件为:固液比为1:5,水温为80℃,搅拌转速为1500rpm,水浸时间为60min,水浸次数为2次。
S4蒸发沉锂:对水浸液进行水浴蒸发浓缩碳酸锂,水浴加热,直至水分蒸发完全。
S5:超声波分散:将S4所得物料进行过滤,过滤后的水浸渣放入容器添加纯水至液固为1:10,搅拌强度为500rpm,超声波分散时间为10min。
S6:浮选作业:将超声波分散的物料加入浮选机,浮选采用“一粗四精两扫”闭路流程。
粗选得到的粗选泡沫料进行第1次精选,得到第1次精选泡沫料和第1次精选中矿(记为中矿3)。中矿3作为待选原料返回粗选过程。
将第1次精选泡沫料进行第2次精选过程,得到第2次精选泡沫料和第2次精选中矿(记为中矿4)。中矿4作为待选原料返回第1次精选过程。
将第2次精选泡沫料进行第3次精选过程,得到第3次精选泡沫料和第3次精选中矿(记为中矿5)。中矿5作为待选原料返回第2次精选过程与新一轮的第1次精选泡沫料在立磨机中磨矿擦洗5min。
将第3次精选泡沫料进行第4次精选过程,得到精矿和第4次精选中矿(记为中矿6)。中矿6作为待选原料返回第3次精选过程。
粗选得到的粗选液料进行第1次扫选,得到第1次扫选泡沫中矿(记为中矿2)和第1次扫选剩余浆料。中矿2作为待选原料返回粗选过程。
将第1次扫选剩余浆料进行第2次扫选过程,得到尾矿和第2次扫选泡沫中矿(记为中矿1)。中矿1作为待选原料返回第1次扫选过程。
其中,粗选过程所用的浮选剂包括pH调节剂(氧化钙,2000g/t),稳定剂(硫酸铝,1000g/t),絮凝剂(玉米淀粉,1500g/t),石墨捕收剂(煤油,212g/t),起泡剂(MIBC,174g/t)。
每次精选所用的精选剂包括石墨捕收剂(煤油)和起泡剂(MIBC,可选)。其中,第1次精选所用的煤油的用量为53g/t,MIBC的用量为58g/t;第2次精选所用的煤油的用量为53g/t,MIBC的用量为58g/t;第3次精选所用的煤油的用量为53g/t,MIBC的用量为29g/t;第4次精选所用的煤油的用量为 26.5g/t,MIBC的用量为0g/t。
每次扫选所用的扫选剂包括石墨捕收剂(煤油)和起泡剂(MIBC)。其中,第1次扫选所用的煤油的用量为106g/t,MIBC的用量为58g/t;第2次扫选所用的煤油的用量为53g/t,MIBC的用量为58g/t。
S7:将尾矿与还原剂共同进行酸浸,除杂、萃取,提取镍钴锰及剩余的锂,得到合格的镍钴锰锂产品。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S2中,焙烧温度为450℃。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S3中,水浸的温度为25℃。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S3中,水浸的搅拌转速为500rpm。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,粗选时未加入稳定剂(硫酸铝)。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,减少粗选时煤油和MIBC用量,具体的,煤油用量为106g/t,MIBC用量为116g/t。
实施例7
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,粗选时未加pH调节剂(氧化钙)。
实施例8
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,未进行S5步骤,也即浮选前未超声波分散,水浸渣直接进行浮选。
实施例9
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,粗选时未加入稳定剂(硫酸铝)和pH调节剂(氧化钙)。
实施例10
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,粗选过程所用的浮选剂包括pH调节剂(碳酸钙和氢氧化钙,二者质量比为1:1,200g/t),稳定剂(氯化铁,200g/t),絮凝剂(羧甲基纤维素钠,500g/t),石墨捕收剂(柴油,50g/t),起泡剂(松醇油,50g/t)。
每次精选所用的柴油的用量均为10g/t,每次精选所用的松醇油的用量均为10g/t。
每次扫选所用的柴油的用量为10g/t,每次扫选所用的松醇油的用量均为10g/t。
实施例11
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,粗选过程所用的浮选剂包括pH调节剂(碳酸钠和氢氧化钠,二者质量比为1:1,4000g/t),稳定剂(硝酸镁,2000g/t),絮凝剂(糊精,2000g/t),石墨捕收剂(煤油,500g/t),起泡剂(仲辛醇,400g/t)。
每次精选所用的煤油的用量为150g/t,每次精选所用的仲辛醇的用量均为150g/t。
每次扫选所用的煤油的用量为150g/t,每次扫选所用的仲辛醇的用量均为150g/t。
实施例12
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,精选次数为2次。
实施例13
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,精选次数为3次。
实施例14
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,扫选次数为1次。
实施例15
本实施例与实施例1的区别是,S2中,焙烧温度为800℃。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,粗选时未加絮凝剂(淀粉)。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,粗选时未加入絮凝剂(淀粉)和pH调节剂(氧化钙)。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,S6中,粗选时未加入絮凝剂(淀粉)和稳定剂(硫酸铝)。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,粗选过程中,煤油的用量为100g/t。
对比例5
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,粗选过程中,煤油的用量为600g/t。
对比例6
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,粗选过程中,MIBC的用量为20g/t。
对比例7
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,粗选过程中,MIBC的用量为450g/t。
对比例8
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,粗选过程中,玉米淀粉的用量为400g/t。
对比例9
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,粗选过程中,玉米淀粉的用量为2400g/t。
对比例10
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,粗选过程中,氧化钙的用量为150g/t。
对比例11
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,粗选过程中,氧化钙的用量为4200g/t。
对比例12
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,粗选过程中,硫酸铝的用量为2400g/t。
对比例13
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,每次精选所用的煤油的量为0g/t。
对比例14
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,每次精选所用的煤油的量为200g/t。
对比例15
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,每次精选所用的MIBC的量为0g/t。
对比例16
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,每次精选所用的MIBC的量为200g/t。
对比例17
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,每次扫选所用的煤油的量为0g/t。
对比例18
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,每次扫选所用的煤油的量为200g/t。
对比例19
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,每次扫选所用的MIBC的量为0g/t。
对比例20
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,每次扫选所用的MIBC的量为200g/t。
对比例21
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,S2中,焙烧温度为300℃。
对比例22
本对比例与实施例1的区别是,S2中,焙烧温度为1000℃。
试验例
将上述实施例和对比例进行以下测试:
①、测试原料(电池黑粉)以及每次浸出过程得到的浸出液和浸出渣中Li的含量,得到相应的浸出率,其结果如表1所示。
②、测试给矿(电池黑粉)以及浮选过程得到的尾矿和精矿中固定碳的含量,得到相应的回收率,其结果如表2所示。
表1水浸试验结果

表2浮选试验结果



由表1可以看出,本公开提供的方法能够有效提取出Li,且Li的浸出率较高。由表2可以看出,本公开提供的方法能够有效回收石墨,石墨回收率高,且回收得到的石墨产品中固定碳含量较高。
综上所述,本公开提供的全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法简单易行,能够将废旧电池中的锂和石墨进行有效回收利用,锂和石墨的回收率均较高,避免了资源浪费。
以上仅为本公开的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本公开,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本公开提供的全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法简单易行,能够将废旧电池中的锂和石墨进行有效回收利用,锂和石墨的回收率均较高,且回收所得的石墨的固定碳含量较高,避免了资源浪费。

Claims (42)

  1. 一种全链条一体化回收废旧电池中的锂和石墨的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    将由废旧电池得到的电池黑粉进行焙烧和水浸提锂,将水浸渣进行浮选;
    其中,浮选包括:采用浮选剂对所述水浸渣进行一次粗选,得到粗选泡沫料以及和粗选浆料;将所述粗选泡沫料进行至少一次精选,最终得到含碳精矿;
    所述浮选剂包括石墨捕收剂、调整剂和起泡剂;所述调整剂包括絮凝剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述石墨捕收剂包括煤油和柴油中的至少一种;
    和/或,所述絮凝剂包括淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠和糊精中的至少一种;
    和/或,所述起泡剂包括甲基异丁基甲醇、松醇油和仲辛醇中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述石墨捕收剂的用量为50g/t-500g/t;和/或,所述絮凝剂的用量为500g/t-2000g/t;和/或,所述起泡剂的用量为50g/t-400g/t。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述调整剂还包括pH调节剂和稳定剂中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述pH调节剂包括氧化钙、碳酸钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠中的至少一种;
    和/或,所述稳定剂包括硫酸铝、硝酸铝、氯化铝、聚合氯化铝、硫酸铁、硝酸铁、硫酸亚铁、氯化铁、氯化亚铁、硝酸镁、氯化镁和硫酸镁中的至少一种。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述pH调节剂的用量为200g/t-4000g/t,和/或,所述稳定剂的用量为200g/t-2000g/t。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,精选次数为n次,n≥2且为整数;前n-1次精选过程中,每次精选后均分别得到第n-1次精选泡沫料和第n-1次精选中矿;将所述第n-1次精选泡沫料作为待选原料用于进行第n次精选。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,当n=2时,将第1次精选得到的第1次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至粗选过程。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,当n=2时,将第2次精选得到的第2次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第1次精选过程。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,当n≥3时,将第n-1次精选得到的第n-1次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第n-2次精选过程。
  11. 根据权利要求7或10所述的方法,其特征在于,将第n次精选得到的第n次精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第n-1次精选过程。
  12. 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,其特征在于,当有精选中矿作为待选原料返回至第2次精选过程时,在进行第2次精选之前,先将第1次精选泡沫料与第3次精选的中矿合并进行磨矿擦洗。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,擦洗时间为2min-15min。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,每次精选所用的精选剂均独立地包括石墨捕收剂和起泡剂。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,每次精选过程所用的石墨捕收剂包括煤油和柴油中的至少一种;
    和/或,每次精选过程所用的起泡剂包括甲基异丁基甲醇、松醇油和仲辛醇中的至少一种。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的方法,其特征在于,每次精选过程所用的石墨捕收剂的用量为0-150g/t;和/或,每次精选过程所用的起泡剂的用量为0-150g/t。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,浮选还包括:将所述粗选浆料进行至少一次扫选,最终得到含碳尾矿。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,扫选次数为m次,m≥2且为整数;前m-1次扫选过程中,每次扫选后均分别得到第m-1次扫选剩余浆料和第m-1次扫选泡沫中矿;将所述第m-1次扫选剩余浆料作为待选原料用于进行第m次扫选。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,当m=2时,将第1次扫选得到的第1次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至粗选过程。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的方法,其特征在于,当m=2时,将第2次扫选得到的第2次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至第1次扫选过程。
  21. 根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,当m≥3时,将第m-1次扫选得到的第m-1次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至第m-2次扫选过程。
  22. 根据权利要求18或21所述的方法,其特征在于,将第m次扫选得到的第m次扫选泡沫中矿作为待选原料返回至第m-1次扫选过程。
  23. 根据权利要求17-22任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,每次扫选所用的扫选剂均独立地包括石墨捕收剂和起泡剂。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,每次扫选过程所用的石墨捕收剂包括煤油和柴油中的至少一种;
    和/或,每次扫选过程所用的起泡剂包括甲基异丁基甲醇、松醇油和仲辛醇中的至少一种。
  25. 根据权利要求23或24所述的方法,其特征在于,每次扫选过程所用的石墨捕收剂的用量为0-150g/t;和/或,每次扫选过程所用的起泡剂的用量为0-150g/t。
  26. 根据权利要求17-25任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,粗选次数为1次,精选次数为4次,扫选次数为2次。
  27. 根据权利要求1-26任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述电池黑粉的主要来源包括含锂的正极材料和含石墨的负极材料。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的方法,其特征在于,所述电池黑粉的来源还包括集流体和电池杂质中的至少一种。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的方法,其特征在于,所述集流体包括铜箔或铝箔。
  30. 根据权利要求1-29任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,以质量百分数计,所述电池黑粉中,固定碳含量为30%-55%、Li含量为3%-7%、Ni含量为10%-35%、Co含量为2%-5%、Mn含量为2%-5%、Cu含量为0.055-1%、Al含量为0.05%-1%以及Fe含量为0.05%-1%。
  31. 根据权利要求1-30任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述电池黑粉的制备包括:将废旧电池进行放电、破碎、裂解和筛分。
  32. 根据权利要求1-31任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,焙烧包括以下特征中的至少一种:
    特征一:焙烧温度为400℃-800℃;
    特征二:焙烧时间为30min-180min;
    特征三:焙烧是于无氧环境中进行。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的方法,其特征在于,无氧环境是由氮气或惰性气体提供。
  34. 根据权利要求1-33任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,水浸提锂包括水浸过程,水浸包括以下特征中的至少一种:
    特征一:水浸的固液比为1:3-1:10;
    特征二:水浸的温度为25℃-90℃;
    特征三:水浸的时间为30min-120min;
    特征四:水浸在搅拌条件下进行。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的方法,其特征在于,水浸过程中的搅拌转速为500rpm-2000rpm。
  36. 根据权利要求34或35所述的方法,其特征在于,水浸提锂还包括提锂过程,提锂方式包括将水浸过程得到的水浸液进行蒸发。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,蒸发采用水浴蒸发的方式进行。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的方法,其特征在于,水浴蒸发的温度为80℃-100℃。
  39. 根据权利要求1-38任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在浮选之前,还包括将水浸渣进行分散。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的方法,其特征在于,分散形式为超声波分散。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的方法,其特征在于,超声波分散包括以下特征中的至少一种:
    特征一:超声波分散是将所述水浸渣与水以液固比为1:3-1:10混合后进行;
    特征二:超声波搅拌强度为300rpm-1000rpm;
    特征三:超声波分散时间为5min-20min。
  42. 根据权利要求1-41任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,浮选后,还包括将浮选尾矿产品进行后处理;
    后处理包括酸浸、除杂和萃取。
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