WO2024190858A1 - 車両用ガラスユニット - Google Patents
車両用ガラスユニット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024190858A1 WO2024190858A1 PCT/JP2024/009953 JP2024009953W WO2024190858A1 WO 2024190858 A1 WO2024190858 A1 WO 2024190858A1 JP 2024009953 W JP2024009953 W JP 2024009953W WO 2024190858 A1 WO2024190858 A1 WO 2024190858A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- irradiation
- scattering
- glass plate
- glass
- light
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
- B60Q3/20—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for lighting specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments; mounted on specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments
- B60Q3/208—Sun roofs; Windows
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass unit for a vehicle.
- a known configuration for vehicle glass is to use a light source such as a light emitting diode (LED) to introduce light into the laminated glass from the edge of the laminated glass, and then use a scattering layer provided on the laminated glass to extract the light.
- a light source such as a light emitting diode (LED)
- LED light emitting diode
- Patent Document 1 discloses technology related to vehicle glazing in which LEDs are placed on the edge face or back face of the glass sheet on the inside of the vehicle, and light is guided inside the laminated glass to emit light.
- the present invention aims to provide a glass unit for vehicles that can prevent unevenness in the intensity of light emitted from inside the glass plate to outside the glass plate.
- the vehicle glass unit comprises a first glass plate, an irradiation device having a plurality of irradiation sections aligned in a first direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the first glass plate and irradiating light into the first glass plate, and a scattering layer having a plurality of scattering sections aligned in the first direction and in a second direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and the first direction and scattering the light irradiated into the first glass plate, the scattering layer being provided at a position overlapping the main surface of the first glass plate in a plan view, and satisfies formula (1).
- p x indicates a relative position in the first direction of a second irradiation unit that is the irradiation unit adjacent to the first irradiation unit in the first direction with respect to the first irradiation unit
- p y indicates a relative position of the second irradiating unit with respect to the first irradiating unit in a second direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and the first direction
- ⁇ indicates a slope, with respect to the first direction, of a line connecting boundary positions on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction among positions between the first irradiation unit and the second irradiation unit, where the luminance value of the light irradiated from the first irradiation unit is 50% of the luminance value on the optical axis of the light irradiated from the first irradiation unit
- ⁇ indicates a slope, with respect to the first direction, of a line connecting boundary positions on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction among positions between the first
- the present invention makes it possible to prevent the intensity of light emitted from inside the glass plate to outside the glass plate from becoming uneven.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a vehicle glass unit according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vehicle glass unit according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass unit in which a notch is formed.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a vehicle glass unit in which a notch is formed.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of the first positional relationship.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of the first positional relationship.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of the second positional relationship.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of the second positional relationship.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the scattering group.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of a vehicle glass unit according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 11A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass unit according to another example.
- FIG. 11B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass unit according to another example.
- FIG. 11C is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass unit according to another example.
- FIG. 11D is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass unit according to another example.
- FIG. 11E is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass unit according to another example.
- FIG. 11F is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass unit according to another example.
- FIG. 11G is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass unit according to another example.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the analysis results according to Example 1.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the analysis results according to Example 2.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the analysis results according to Example 3.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the analysis results according to Example 4.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the analysis results according to Example 5.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the vehicle glass unit according to this embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vehicle glass unit according to this embodiment.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to this embodiment has a vehicle glass 10 and an irradiation device R that irradiates light toward the vehicle glass 10.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 (vehicle glass 10) according to this embodiment is mounted on a vehicle and can be used, for example, as a vehicle window.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 (vehicle glass 10) may be mounted at any position of the vehicle and may be used, for example, as a roof glass, a windshield, a rear window, and a side window.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 (vehicle glass 10) is used as a roof glass provided on the roof of the vehicle.
- the vehicle glass 10 has a first glass plate 12, a second glass plate 14, an intermediate layer 16, a scattering layer 18, and a light-shielding layer 20.
- the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the vehicle glass 10 is the Z direction
- the direction toward one side of the Z direction is the Z1 direction
- the direction toward the other side of the Z direction is the Z2 direction.
- the vehicle glass 10 is laminated in the order of the second glass plate 14, the intermediate layer 16, the scattering layer 18, the first glass plate 12, and the light-shielding layer 20 toward the Z1 direction.
- the Z1 direction is the vehicle interior direction (direction toward the vehicle interior) and the Z2 direction is the vehicle exterior direction (direction toward the vehicle exterior).
- the direction perpendicular to the surface at the center position of the vehicle glass 10 may be the Z direction.
- one direction perpendicular to the Z direction is referred to as the X direction (first direction)
- the direction toward one side of the X direction is referred to as the X1 direction
- the direction toward the other side of the X direction is referred to as the X2 direction.
- the direction perpendicular to the Z direction and the X direction is referred to as the Y direction (second direction), the direction toward one side of the Y direction is referred to as the Y1 direction, and the direction toward the other side of the Y direction (opposite to the Y1 direction) is referred to as the Y2 direction.
- the X direction is the front-rear direction of the vehicle and the Y direction is the left-right direction of the vehicle.
- the relationship between the X direction and the Y direction and the direction of the vehicle is not limited thereto and may be any.
- the first glass sheet 12 is a glass sheet located inside the vehicle when the vehicle glass 10 is installed in the vehicle. As shown in FIG. 2, the first glass sheet 12 has a main surface 12A (first main surface) facing the Z2 direction, a main surface 12B (a second main surface opposite to the main surface 12A) facing the Z1 direction, and an end surface 12C connecting the main surface 12A and the main surface 12B.
- the main surfaces 12A and 12B may be called the third surface and the fourth surface of the vehicle glass 10, respectively.
- the end surface 12C is an end surface on the radial outer side of the first glass sheet 12 when viewed from the Z direction, and can also be called a side surface of the first glass sheet 12.
- the thickness of the first glass plate 12 is preferably 0.3 mm to 4.0 mm, more preferably 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm to 2.1 mm, and even more preferably 0.7 mm to 1.9 mm. Having a thickness within this range improves handling and prevents the mass from becoming too large, thereby suppressing a decrease in fuel efficiency of the vehicle. In addition, light is easily introduced into the glass plate, and the amount of light absorbed by the glass plate is not excessively large.
- the thickness of the first glass plate 12 refers to the length in the Z direction from the main surface 12A to the main surface 12B. For example, when the first glass plate 12 is curved, it may be the length in the Z direction from the center position of the main surface 12A to the center position of the main surface 12B.
- the first glass plate 12 may be curved. It is preferable that the first glass plate 12 is curved so as to be convex toward the Z2 direction.
- the first glass plate 12 may be curved so as to be convex toward the Z2 direction with the Y direction as the bending axis, but the direction of the bending axis may be arbitrary.
- the bending axis here can be said to be the central axis of the circle of curvature of the first glass plate 12.
- the radius of curvature of the first glass sheet 12 when curved may be, for example, 100 mm or more and 10,000 mm or less. When the radius of curvature is in this range, the glass sheet 12 can be appropriately mounted on a vehicle.
- the radius of curvature of the first glass sheet 12 here refers to the radius of curvature of the bend with one direction (for example, the X direction) as the bending axis.
- the first glass sheet 12 is not limited to being curved with only one direction as the bending axis, and may be a complex curved shape curved with multiple different directions (for example, two directions) as the bending axis.
- the radius of curvature corresponding to each bending axis is preferably within the above numerical range.
- the first glass sheet 12 is not limited to being curved, and may be flat.
- the first glass plate 12 may have any shape, but may have a shape in which its length in the Y direction decreases as it approaches the X2 direction.
- the first glass plate 12 may have a shape in which a trapezoidal flat plate whose length in the Y direction decreases as it approaches the X2 direction is curved with at least one of the X and Y directions as a bending axis.
- the first glass plate 12 may be made of any material, such as soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, or aluminosilicate glass.
- the first glass plate 12 may be tempered glass, and may be air-cooled tempered glass or chemically tempered glass.
- the vehicle glass unit has only one glass plate, it is preferable to use tempered glass, and it is particularly preferable to use air-cooled tempered glass.
- the multiple glass plates may include at least one of untempered glass and tempered glass.
- the second glass plate 14 is located in the Z2 direction from the first glass plate 12 and overlaps the first glass plate 12 when viewed from the Z direction. That is, the second glass plate 14 is a glass plate located outside the vehicle when the vehicle glass 10 is installed in the vehicle.
- the second glass plate 14 has a main surface 14A facing the Z2 direction, a main surface 14B (main surface opposite to the main surface 14A) facing the Z1 direction, and an end surface 14C connecting the main surface 14A and the main surface 14B.
- the main surfaces 14A and 14B may be called the first surface and the second surface of the vehicle glass 10, respectively.
- the end surface 14C is an end surface on the radial outer side of the second glass plate 14 when viewed from the Z direction, and can also be called a side surface of the second glass plate 14.
- the thickness of the second glass plate 14 is preferably greater than the thickness of the first glass plate 12.
- the thickness of the second glass plate 14 is preferably 1.1 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.8 mm or less, even more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.6 mm or less, even more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.2 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less.
- the thickness of the second glass plate 14 refers to the length in the Z direction from the main surface 14A to the main surface 14B, and for example, when the second glass plate 14 is curved, it may be the length in the Z direction from the center position of the main surface 14A to the center position of the main surface 14B.
- Other features of the second glass plate 14 are the same as those of the first glass plate 12 described above, and therefore will not be described here. Note that the radius of curvature of the second glass plate 14 and the radius of curvature of the first glass plate 12 may be the same or different.
- the vehicle glass 10 is a laminated glass having two glass plates, a first glass plate 12 and a second glass plate 14, but the number of glass plates is not limited to this and may be three or more. As described later, the vehicle glass 10 may also be a single-pane glass having only the first glass plate 12 as a glass plate.
- the intermediate layer 16 is located between the first glass plate 12 and the second glass plate 14 in the Z direction.
- the intermediate layer 16 is an adhesive layer that bonds the first glass plate 12 and the second glass plate 14. Any material may be used for the intermediate layer 16, but a thermoplastic resin or a curable resin is preferable, and a thermoplastic resin is particularly preferable.
- thermoplastic resin polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resin, polyurethane resin, ionomer resin, cycloolefin polymer, etc.
- the thermoplastic resin is selected in consideration of the balance of various performances such as glass transition point, transparency, weather resistance, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, etc. Considering the balance of the above-mentioned various performances, the thermoplastic resin is preferably PVB resin, EVA resin, or polyurethane resin.
- the curable resin any resin that is cured by heat, light (ultraviolet rays), etc. may be used, for example, acrylic or silicone resin.
- the intermediate layer 16 is not an essential component. For example, in a configuration in which only the first glass plate 12 is provided as a glass plate, the intermediate layer 16 does not need to be provided.
- the scattering layer 18 is a layer for scattering at least light incident into the first glass plate 12.
- the scattering layer 18 is configured so that the light incident into the scattering layer 18 is scattered at least in the Z1 direction.
- the scattering layer 18 is a layer provided at a position overlapping the main surfaces (main surfaces 12A and 12B) of the first glass plate 12 when viewed from the Z direction (in a plan view).
- the scattering layer 18 is provided at a position overlapping the main surfaces of the first glass plate 12 and the second glass plate 14 when viewed from the Z direction. As shown in Fig.
- the scattering layer 18 is provided between the main surface 12A of the first glass plate 12 and the intermediate layer 16.
- the scattering layer 18 may be provided on the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12 (in the Z1 direction from the main surface 12B), may be provided inside the intermediate layer 16, may be provided between the intermediate layer 16 and the main surface 14B of the second glass plate 14, or may be provided on the main surface 14B of the second glass plate 14 (in the Z1 direction from the main surface 14B).
- the scattering layer 18 has a plurality of scattering sections 30.
- the scattering sections 30 are the parts of the scattering layer 18 that scatter the light irradiated to the first glass plate.
- the parts of the scattering layer 18 in which the scattering sections 30 are formed have a higher diffuse reflectance of light (visible light) and a lower transmittance of light (visible light) than the parts in which the scattering sections 30 are not formed.
- the scattering sections 30 may have a transmittance (external transmittance) of 10% to 60% for light (visible light) with a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the scattering sections 30 may have a diffuse reflectance of 40% to 90% for light (visible light) with a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the transmittance and diffuse reflectance here can be measured using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation: U-4100).
- the scattering sections 30 are arranged in a matrix as viewed from the Z direction, so as to be aligned in the X direction and the Y direction.
- the scattering layer 18 can be said to have scattering groups 32, which are groups of scattering sections 30 aligned in a row in the X direction, aligned in the Y direction.
- the number of scattering groups 32 aligned in the Y direction and the number of scattering sections 30 included in the scattering group 32 may be arbitrary.
- the distance between the scattering groups 32 in the Y direction and the pitch of the scattering sections 30 in the X direction (the distance between the centers of the scattering sections 30 adjacent to each other in the X direction) may also be arbitrary, and may change periodically or stepwise, for example.
- the size and shape of the scattering section 30 may also be arbitrary.
- the scattering section 30 is circular as viewed from the Z direction, but is not limited to this, and may be elliptical or polygonal.
- the scattering section 30 may have a shape in which a part of the inside of the outer periphery of the scattering section 30 is missing, such as a hollow shape in which the center is not a scattering section 30.
- the material and method of forming the scattering layer 18 are not particularly limited.
- the scattering layer 18 may be formed by holding fine particles on the surface or inside of a resin sheet such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU), or silicone.
- the scattering layer 18 may also be formed by holding fine particles on the surface or inside of a thermoplastic resin or a curable resin that constitutes the intermediate layer 16.
- Fine particles are, for example, particles with a volume average particle size exceeding 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably not exceeding 10 ⁇ m.
- the volume average particle size is determined by a particle size distribution measuring device using a laser diffraction scattering method (for example, "UPA-EX150” manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).
- the scattering layer 18 including the scattering portion 30 may also be formed by subjecting the surface of the glass plate to surface processing such as sandblasting or etching.
- the scattering layer 18 including the scattering portion 30 may also be formed by applying a white pigment or the like to the surface of the glass plate using screen printing, inkjet printing, or the like, and drying the applied material.
- a paste containing a white pigment or the like and a meltable glass frit may be applied onto a glass plate and fired to form the scattering layer 18 including the scattering portion 30.
- the light-shielding layer 20 is a layer that blocks visible light.
- the visible light transmittance of the light-shielding layer 20 is usually 5% or less, preferably 3% or less, and may be substantially 0%.
- the light-shielding layer 20 is a layer provided at a position overlapping a partial area of the main surface (main surface 12A and main surface 12B) of the first glass plate 12 when viewed from the Z direction.
- the light-shielding layer 20 is provided at a position overlapping a partial area of the main surface of the first glass plate 12 and a partial area of the main surface of the second glass plate 14 when viewed from the Z direction.
- the light-shielding layer 20 is provided on the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12 (in the Z1 direction from the main surface 12B).
- the light-shielding layer 20 when viewed from the Z direction (in a plan view), the light-shielding layer 20 is provided with a predetermined width on the peripheral portion of the first glass plate 12.
- the position at which the light-shielding layer 20 is provided is not limited thereto and may be any position.
- the light-shielding layer 20 may be provided on the main surface 14B of the second glass plate 14 (in the Z1 direction from the main surface 14B), or may be provided on both the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12 and the main surface 14B of the second glass plate 14.
- the material of the light-shielding layer 20 may be any material.
- a ceramic light-shielding layer or a light-shielding film can be used as the light-shielding layer 20.
- a ceramic layer made of a conventionally known material such as a black ceramic layer can be used as the ceramic light-shielding layer.
- a light-shielding polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a light-shielding polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film, a light-shielding polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film, or the like can be used as the light-shielding film.
- PET light-shielding polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN light-shielding polyethylene naphthalate
- PMMA light-shielding polymethyl methacrylate
- the light-shielding layer 20 is not an essential component. In other words, the vehicle glass unit 1 does not need to have the light-shielding
- the vehicle glass 10 is formed with a transmission area AR.
- the transmission area AR refers to an area of the entire main surface of the vehicle glass 10 that transmits the light scattered by the scattering portion 30 of the scattering layer 18 in the Z1 direction.
- the area in which the scattering layer 18 is provided as viewed from the Z direction is the transmission area AR. That is, the light incident from the irradiation device R into the first glass plate 12 is transmitted or blocked without being scattered by the scattering layer 18 in the area in which the scattering layer 18 is not provided.
- the light incident from the irradiation device R into the first glass plate 12 is scattered by the scattering layer 18 and is guided in the Z1 direction through the transmission area AR in which the scattering layer 18 is provided.
- the transmission region AR can be said to be a region where the scattering layer 18 is provided and where the light-shielding layer 20 is not provided, when viewed from the Z direction. That is, the light incident on the first glass plate 12 from the irradiation device R is blocked in the region where the light-shielding layer 20 is provided and is not transmitted in the Z1 direction.
- the light scattered by the scattering layer 18 is not blocked by the light-shielding layer 20 in the region where the light-shielding layer 20 is not provided and transmits in the Z1 direction.
- the transmissive region AR has a rectangular shape when viewed from the Z direction.
- two transmissive regions AR1 and AR2 aligned in the X direction are formed as the transmissive region AR.
- the shape of the transmissive region AR is not limited thereto and may be any shape, and the number and alignment direction of the transmissive regions AR may also be any shape.
- the area other than the transmissive area AR in the entire area of the main surface of the vehicle glass 10 will be referred to as a non-transmissive area ARa as appropriate.
- the non-transmissive area ARa can be said to be an area that satisfies at least one of the following when viewed from the Z direction: the scattering layer 18 is not provided, and the light-shielding layer 20 is provided.
- the light-shielding layer 20 in the non-transmissive area ARa includes at least a portion that is disposed further in the Z1 direction than the scattering layer 18.
- the vehicle glass 10 has the above-mentioned configuration. However, the vehicle glass 10 may have layers other than those mentioned above.
- the vehicle glass 10 may be provided with a low-emissivity (Low-E) layer or an infrared reflective/absorbent layer at a position overlapping with the main surface of the first glass plate 12 when viewed from the Z direction.
- the low-emissivity layer is a layer that reduces radiation, and may be, for example, a film containing a metal oxide such as tin oxide or a metal such as silver.
- the emissivity of the low-emissivity layer is, for example, less than 0.3.
- the low-emissivity layer may be provided, for example, on the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12 (in the Z1 direction from the main surface 12B).
- the infrared reflective/absorbent layer may be provided, for example, on the main surface 14B of the second glass plate 14 (in the Z1 direction from the main surface 14B).
- the irradiation device R is a device that irradiates light (visible light) into the first glass plate 12. As shown in FIG. 1, the irradiation device R has an irradiation section R1 and a substrate R2.
- the irradiation section R1 is a part of the irradiation device R that emits light, and in this embodiment, it is a light source such as an LED that emits light.
- the substrate R2 is a substrate connected to the irradiation section R1.
- a plurality of irradiation sections R1 are provided so as to be lined up in the X direction.
- the number of irradiation sections R1 included in the irradiation device R is preferably 2 to 50, more preferably 10 to 40, and even more preferably 20 to 30. By having the number of irradiation sections R1 in this range, the intensity of the light transmitted from the transmission area AR1 in the Z1 direction can be sufficiently maintained.
- the number of irradiation sections R1 is not limited to this and may be any number. In the example of FIG. 1, the irradiation sections R1 are lined up along the X direction without being offset in the Y direction, but may be lined up in the X direction while being offset in the Y direction.
- the irradiation unit R1 is not limited to being a light source such as an LED.
- the irradiation device R may be configured to include a light source, a light guide through which light from the light source passes, and an outlet formed in the light guide and capable of transmitting light.
- the outlet formed in the light guide corresponds to the irradiation unit R1. That is, in this configuration, the light irradiated from the light source into the light guide is emitted from the irradiation unit R1, which is the outlet.
- the irradiation device R is provided so as to face the Y-direction end face 12C of the first glass plate 12. Specifically, the irradiation device R is attached so that the portion that emits light from the irradiation section R1 faces the Y-direction end face 12C of the first glass plate 12.
- the irradiation device R is provided at least one of a position facing the Y2-direction end face 12C of the first glass plate 12 and a position facing the end face of the Y1-direction end face 12C of the first glass plate 12. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the irradiation device R is provided both at a position facing the Y2-direction end face 12C of the first glass plate 12 and a position facing the Y1-direction end face 12C of the first glass plate 12.
- the irradiation device R is preferably provided at a position overlapping with the transmission area AR when viewed from the Y direction.
- the irradiation device R is preferably located in the Y direction of the transmission area AR when viewed from the Z direction. That is, for example, the irradiation device R provided on the end surface 12C in the Y2 direction is located in the Y2 direction of the transmission area AR, and the irradiation device R provided on the end surface 12C in the X1 direction is located in the Y1 direction of the transmission area AR.
- only one irradiation device R is formed on one side of one transmission area AR in the Y direction.
- one irradiation device R located in the Y1 direction and one irradiation device R located in the Y2 direction are provided for one transmission area AR.
- the number of irradiation devices R for a transmission area AR may be arbitrary, and a plurality of irradiation devices R arranged in the X direction may be provided for one transmission area AR on one or both sides in the Y direction.
- the area between the transmission area AR and the end face 12C on the side where the irradiation device R is provided is preferably a non-transmission area ARa in which the light-shielding layer 20 is provided.
- the irradiation device R is not limited to being provided on the edge of the glass plate facing the interior of the vehicle (edge 12C of the first glass plate 12 in this example), but may also be provided on the edge of the glass plate facing the exterior of the vehicle (edge 14C of the second glass plate 14 in this example) or on the edge of the intermediate layer 16.
- a part of the light incident on the first glass plate 12 is transmitted through the main surface 12A and scattered by the scattering unit 30 of the scattering layer 18, travels in the Z1 direction, and is emitted in the Z1 direction from the transmission area AR of the main surface 12B.
- the light scattered by the scattering layer 18 is transmitted in the Z1 direction (inside the vehicle) through substantially the entire transmission area AR, and is visible inside the vehicle.
- the irradiation device R is provided at a position facing the end face 12C of the first glass plate 12 in the Y direction, but for example, a notch N may be formed in the end face 12C of the first glass plate 12 in the Y direction, and the irradiation device R may be disposed in the notch N.
- a notch N may be formed in the end face 12C of the first glass plate 12 in the Y direction, and the irradiation device R may be disposed in the notch N.
- the notch N is not limited to being provided on the end face of the glass plate inside the vehicle, and may be provided on the end face of the glass plate outside the vehicle.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass unit when a cutout portion is formed
- FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a vehicle glass unit when a cutout portion is formed.
- the cutout portion N is a cutout formed in the end surface 12C of the first glass plate 12.
- the cutout portion N penetrates from the main surface 12A to the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12.
- the cutout portion N is recessed toward the inside (radially inward) of the first glass plate 12, and in this embodiment, it is recessed toward the Y direction.
- the cutout portion N is formed in at least one of the end surface 12C of the first glass plate 12 in the Y2 direction and the end surface 12C of the first glass plate 12 in the Y1 direction.
- the notch N provided on the end surface 12C in the Y2 direction is recessed toward the Y1 direction, and the notch N provided on the end surface 12C in the Y1 direction is recessed toward the Y2 direction.
- it is preferable that the notch N is formed on both the end surface 12C in the Y2 direction of the first glass plate 12 and the end surface 12C in the Y1 direction of the first glass plate 12.
- the cutout portion N is preferably formed at a position overlapping with the transmissive region AR when viewed from the Y direction.
- the cutout portion N is preferably located in the Y direction of the transmissive region AR when viewed from the Z direction. That is, for example, the cutout portion N provided on the end face 12C in the Y2 direction is located in the Y2 direction of the transmissive region AR, and the cutout portion N provided on the end face 12C in the Y1 direction is located in the Y1 direction of the transmissive region AR. 4, only one cutout portion N is formed on one side of one transmission region AR in the Y direction.
- one cutout portion N located in the Y1 direction and one cutout portion N located in the Y2 direction are formed for one transmission region AR.
- the number of cutout portions N for a transmission region AR may be any number, and a plurality of cutout portions N aligned in the X direction may be formed on one or both sides in the Y direction for one transmission region AR.
- the irradiation device R is at least partially provided within the cutout portion N. Specifically, it is preferable that the irradiation device R is attached within the cutout portion N so that the portion that emits light from the irradiation portion R1 faces the bottom surface portion Na of the cutout portion N. When multiple cutout portions N are formed, it is preferable that the irradiation device R is attached within each cutout portion N.
- the bottom surface portion Na is the surface that includes the most recessed portion due to the cutout portion N, and in the case of a cutout portion N formed in the Y2 direction as an example, it can be said to be the surface of the area where the cutout portion N is formed out of the entire area of the end surface 12C in the Y2 direction of the first glass plate 12.
- the irradiation section R1 of the irradiation device R provided in the cutout portion N is preferably arranged so as to be aligned in the X direction while being offset in the Y direction.
- the way in which the irradiation section R1 is offset in the Y direction may be arbitrary, but an example will be described using an irradiation device R located in the Y2 direction as an example.
- the irradiation sections R1 aligned in the X direction are aligned so as to be positioned more in the Y1 direction as they approach the X1 direction in the section from the most X2 direction position to the intermediate position between the most X2 direction position and the most X1 direction position.
- the irradiation sections R1 aligned in the X direction are aligned so as to be positioned more in the Y2 direction as they approach the X1 direction in the section from the intermediate position to the most X1 direction position. That is, the irradiation sections R1 aligned in the X direction are aligned so as to be positioned more in the Y1 direction as the irradiation sections R1 are closer to the intermediate position in the X direction.
- the irradiation units R1 are preferably arranged in the cutout N so as to be aligned in the X direction while being offset in the Y direction, but are not limited thereto, and may be aligned in the X direction without being offset in the Y direction.
- the irradiation units R may be arranged in the X direction while being offset in the Y direction, similar to the example in which the irradiation device R is provided in the cutout N.
- each irradiation section R1 is arranged in such a direction that the optical axis AX of each irradiation section R1 offset in the Y direction intersects (is not parallel to) each other.
- each irradiation section R1 By arranging each irradiation section R1 in this way, it is easier to make the intensity of the light emitted from inside the glass plate to the outside of the glass plate uniform. This arrangement is particularly suitable when the irradiation sections R1 are aligned in the X direction while being offset in the Y direction.
- the orientation of the irradiation sections R1 may be arbitrary, and a specific example will be described below.
- the line connecting the positions of the irradiation sections R1 when viewed from the Z direction is defined as line LR1.
- the line LR1 can be said to be a line connecting the positions where the light of each irradiation section R1 is emitted, and for example, in the example of FIG. 4, the central position is a curved shape that protrudes most in the Y1 direction.
- the tangent to the line LR1 at the position where the light of the irradiation section R1 is emitted is defined as line LR2.
- each irradiation section R1 is arranged in such a direction that the optical axis AX is perpendicular to the tangent line LR2 at the position of the irradiation section R1.
- each irradiation section R1 is arranged such that, when viewed from the Z direction, each optical axis AX spreads outward in the X direction as it approaches the Y1 direction.
- the light incident on the first glass plate 12 from each of the multiple irradiation parts R1 arranged in the X direction reaches and is scattered by each scattering part 30 of the scattering layer 18, and the light scattered by the scattering part 30 is emitted to the outside of the vehicle glass 10 from the transmission area AR.
- the multiple irradiation parts R1 irradiate the multiple scattering parts 30 with light, the intensity of the light scattered by the scattering parts 30 and emitted to the outside of the vehicle glass 10 may be uneven for each scattering part 30.
- the intensity of the emitted light is uneven, for example, problems such as making the occupants of the vehicle feel uncomfortable may occur.
- the present inventor has found, as a result of intensive research, that the unevenness of the intensity of the emitted light can be suppressed by appropriately setting the positional relationship between the irradiation parts R1 and the scattering parts 30. A specific description will be given below.
- the positional relationship will be explained using as an example the scattering unit 30 (scattering layer 18) and the irradiation unit R1 (irradiation device R) located in the Y1 direction relative to the first glass plate 12.
- the same positional relationship can be applied to the irradiation unit R1 (irradiation device R) located in the Y2 direction, except that the Y1 direction and the Y2 direction are reversed.
- FIG. 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams for explaining an example of the first positional relationship.
- Fig. 5 shows an example in which the irradiation sections R1 arranged in the X direction are arranged along the X direction without being offset in the Y direction
- Fig. 6 shows an example in which the irradiation sections R1 arranged in the X direction are offset in the Y direction.
- two irradiation units R1 adjacent to each other in the X direction are the first irradiation unit R1A and the second irradiation unit R1B.
- the case where the second irradiation unit R1B is located in the X1 direction from the first irradiation unit R1A is taken as an example.
- the position where the light of the first irradiation unit R1A is emitted is the position PA
- the position where the light of the second irradiation unit R1B is emitted is the position PB.
- the position PA when viewed from the Z direction, if the end side (here, the end side in the Y2 direction) of the first irradiation unit R1A on the scattering unit 30 side is the end side PAL, the position PA may be the center position in the X direction of the end side PAL.
- the position PB when viewed from the Z direction, if the end side (here, the end side in the Y2 direction) of the second irradiation unit R1B on the scattering unit 30 side is the end side PBL, the position PB may be the center position in the X direction of the end side PBL.
- the optical axis of the light irradiated from the first irradiating unit R1A is the optical axis AXA
- the light irradiated from the first irradiating unit R1A spreads, for example, into a substantially conical shape with the position PA as the apex and the optical axis AXA as the center line as the light moves away from the first irradiating unit R1A.
- the optical axis of the light irradiated from the second irradiating unit R1B is the optical axis AXB
- the light irradiated from the second irradiating unit R1B spreads, for example, into a substantially conical shape with the position PB as the apex and the optical axis AXB as the light moves away from the second irradiating unit R1B.
- each position that exists on a plane perpendicular to the Z direction (for example, a plane that is parallel to the X and Y directions and overlaps with the optical axis AXA in the Z direction) is defined as a boundary position.
- the lines connecting these boundary positions are defined as lines LA1 and LA2.
- each boundary position exists in the X1 direction from the optical axis AXA and in the X2 direction from the optical axis AXA.
- the line connecting each boundary position in the X1 direction from the optical axis AXA i.e., the second irradiation unit R1B side from the first irradiation unit R1A
- line LA1 the line connecting each boundary position in the X2 direction from the optical axis AXA
- the angle ⁇ between the line LA1 and the line LA2 can also be called the total radiation angle of the first irradiating portion R1A.
- the line connecting each boundary position located in the X2 direction from the optical axis AXB is defined as line LB1
- the line connecting each boundary position located in the X1 direction from the optical axis AXB is defined as line LB2.
- the angle ⁇ between the lines LB1 and LB2 can also be called the total radiation angle of the second irradiation unit R1B.
- the scattering group 32 that is closest to the irradiation section R1 is defined as the scattering group 32 A. That is, in the examples of Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the scattering group 32 A refers to the scattering group 32 that is located furthest in the Y1 direction among the scattering groups 32 that overlap with the transmission region AR when viewed from the Z direction.
- the irradiation section R1 and the scattering section 30 are positioned so as to satisfy the following formula (1) (first positional relationship).
- p x indicates the relative position of the second irradiating unit R1B with respect to the first irradiating unit R1A in the X direction.
- p x indicates the relative position of the position PB with respect to the position PA in the X direction, and can also be said to be the distance in the X direction from the position PA to the position PB.
- p y indicates the relative position of the second irradiating unit R1B with respect to the first irradiating unit R1A in the Y direction.
- p y indicates the relative position of the position PB with respect to the position PA in the Y direction, and can also be said to be the distance in the Y direction from the position PA to the position PB.
- ⁇ can be said to be the absolute value of the inclination of line LB1, or in other words, the absolute value of the ratio (Y/X) of the position in the Y direction to the position in the X direction on line LB1.
- ⁇ is a positive value.
- pD indicates the distance (pitch) in the X direction between adjacent scattering sections 30 included in the scattering group 32A in the X direction.
- the distance in the X direction between the central positions of adjacent scattering sections 30 included in the scattering group 32A in the X direction as viewed in the Z direction may be the distance pD .
- the distance o indicates the distance between the scattering group 32A and the irradiation unit R1.
- the distance o may be the distance between the end of the scattering unit 30 located closest to the irradiation unit R1 (here, the Y1 direction) included in the scattering group 32A and the position from which light is emitted of the irradiation unit R1 located closest to the scattering unit 30 (here, the Y2 direction) among the irradiation units R1.
- the line connecting each scattering section 30 included in the scattering group 32A is defined as line LC.
- Line LC may be, for example, a line connecting the ends of each scattering section 30 included in the scattering group 32A that are closest to the irradiation section R1 (here, in the Y1 direction).
- the distance between the intersection of line LC and line LA1 and the intersection of line LC and line LB1 is defined as distance d.
- the distance pD between the scattering sections 30 is equal to or longer than the distance d.
- At least one of the scattering sections 30 included in the scattering group 32A can receive light having a luminance value of 50% or more of the luminance value on the optical axis AX from both of the two irradiation sections R1 adjacent to each other in the X direction. Therefore, by satisfying formula (1), it is possible to reduce the number of scattering sections 30 that receive light having a small luminance value and suppress the non-uniformity of the intensity of the emitted light.
- the scattering sections 30 included in the scattering group 32A do not receive light having a sufficient luminance value (for example, a luminance value of 50% or more) from both of the two irradiation sections R1 adjacent to each other in the X direction.
- the scattering sections 30 in the Y2 direction more than the scattering group 32A receive light having a higher luminance value than all the scattering sections 30 in the scattering group 32A, so that the relative decrease in the intensity of the light from the scattering group 32A becomes significant, and the intensity of the emitted light becomes non-uniform.
- the distance p D is equal to or greater than the distance d by satisfying formula (1) will be described below.
- Equation (1) when the positions in the Y direction of the first irradiating section R1A and the second irradiating section R1B are the same and the total radiation angle ⁇ is the same, equation (1) can also be expressed by transforming it into the following equation (1C).
- the position of the intersection of the line LA1 and the line LC in the X direction is o/ ⁇ .
- the position of the intersection of the line LB1 and the line LC in the X direction is "(-o+ ⁇ p x -p y )/ ⁇ ". Therefore, the distance d between these intersections is "- ⁇ ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) ⁇ o+ ⁇ p x - ⁇ py ⁇ /( ⁇ )", and the formula (1D) indicating that the distance p D is equal to or greater than the distance d is equivalent to the above formula (1).
- the distance p D is equal to or greater than the distance d by satisfying formula (1).
- FIG. 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams for explaining an example of the second positional relationship.
- Fig. 7 shows an example in which the irradiation units R1 arranged in the X direction are arranged along the X direction without being offset in the Y direction
- Fig. 8 shows an example in which the irradiation units R1 arranged in the X direction are offset in the Y direction.
- the irradiation section R1 and the scattering section 30 are positioned so as to satisfy the following formula (2) (second positional relationship).
- the intersection position of line LA1 and line LB1 is position Q.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 has position Q located closer to the irradiation section R1 side (here, in the Y1 direction) than the scattering group 32A. Therefore, all scattering sections 30 included in the scattering group 32A can receive light from both of the two irradiation sections R1 adjacent in the X direction, with a luminance value that is 50% or more of the luminance value on the optical axis AX. Therefore, by satisfying formula (2), it is possible to suppress the relative decrease in the intensity of the light from the scattering group 32A and more suitably suppress the non-uniformity in the intensity of the emitted light.
- the position Q is located closer to the irradiation unit R1 side (here, the Y1 direction side) than the scattering group 32A. This will be described below. 7, where the irradiation sections R1 are not offset from each other in the Y direction, the first irradiation section R1A and the second irradiation section R1B have the same position in the Y direction and the same total radiation angle ⁇ , and the inclinations of the lines LA1 and LB1 are the same.
- the position in the Y direction of the position Q which is the intersection of the lines LA1 and LB1
- the vehicle glass unit 1 may satisfy either the first positional relationship or the second positional relationship. That is, it is preferable that the vehicle glass unit 1 satisfies that the position Q is located closer to the irradiation unit R1 than the scattering group 32A, or that the distance pD is equal to or greater than the distance d. In other words, it is preferable that the vehicle glass unit 1 satisfies the above formula (2) or the following formula (1E).
- the ratio p x /p D of the position p x in the X direction of the second irradiation unit R1B (the distance in the X direction between the first irradiation unit R1A and the second irradiation unit R1B ) to the distance p D in the X direction between the scattering units 30 included in the scattering group 32A and adjacent to each other in the X direction is preferably 0.8 to 1.2, more preferably 0.9 to 1.1, and even more preferably 0.95 to 1.05.
- the ratio p x /p D is in this range, it is possible to more suitably suppress non-uniformity in the intensity of the emitted light.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining the scattering group.
- a group of scattering sections 30 arranged in a row in the X direction is defined as the scattering group 32, but the scattering group 32 is not limited to being composed of only scattering sections 30 arranged in a row along the X direction without being offset in the Y direction.
- the scattering section 30 whose offset length in the Y direction relative to other scattering sections 30 arranged in the X direction is equal to or less than a threshold value may also be included in the scattering group 32.
- the scattering sections 30A, 30B, and 30C are arranged in the X direction.
- FIG. 9 the scattering sections 30A, 30B, and 30C are arranged in the X direction.
- the distance ⁇ HB (offset length in the Y direction) between the scattering section 30A and the scattering section 30B in the Y direction is higher than the threshold value
- the distance ⁇ HC (offset length in the Y direction) between the scattering section 30A and the scattering section 30C in the Y direction is equal to or less than a threshold value. Therefore, the scattering section 30A and the scattering section 30C are included in the scattering group 32 arranged in the X direction, and the scattering section 30B is not included in the scattering group 32 including the scattering sections 30A and 30C.
- the distance between the scattering sections 30 in the Y direction refers to the distance in the Y direction between the ends of the scattering sections 30 in the Y1 direction (on the irradiation section R1 side), but is not limited thereto and may refer to, for example, the distance in the Y direction between the centers of the scattering sections 30 as viewed from the Z direction.
- the threshold value here may be set appropriately.
- the threshold value is preferably set as a length that is a predetermined ratio to the length HA in the Y direction of the scattering section 30 (scattering section 30A in this case), and more preferably set as a length that is 10% of the length HA.
- the scattering groups 32 including the same number of scattering sections 30 and the same area as viewed from the Z direction are arranged in the Y direction. Therefore, in the example of FIG. 1, the area occupied by the scattering sections 30 per unit area as viewed from the Z direction is constant throughout the scattering layer 18. However, this is not limited thereto, and the scattering sections 30 may be formed such that the area occupied by the scattering sections 30 per unit area as viewed from the Z direction increases the farther away from the irradiation section R1. That is, for example, when the irradiation device R is provided in the Y1 direction of the first glass plate 12, the area occupied by the scattering sections 30 per unit area increases toward the Y2 direction.
- the area occupied by the scattering sections 30 per unit area increases toward the center position in the Y direction.
- the size of the area occupied by the scattering sections 30 per unit area may be set by any method, for example, by varying the area of the scattering sections 30 and/or by varying the number of scattering sections 30 per unit area (varying the pitch of the scattering sections 30).
- the intensity (brightness) of the light from the irradiation section R1 attenuates the further away from the irradiation section R1.
- the area occupied by the scattering section 30 per unit area is increased the further away from the irradiation section R1, so that even if it is far from the irradiation section R1, a scattering section 30 with a large area can receive the light from the irradiation section R1, and the amount of light received by the scattering section 30 can be increased. Therefore, in this example, unevenness in the intensity (brightness) of the light from each scattering section 30 can be more effectively prevented.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of a vehicle glass unit according to another example. As shown in FIG. 10, the irradiation section R1 of the irradiation device R provided in the Y1 direction of the first glass plate 12 and the irradiation section R1 of the irradiation device R provided in the Y2 direction of the first glass plate 12 may be arranged at positions that do not overlap in the X direction.
- the optical axis AX of the irradiation section R1 provided in the Y1 direction of the first glass plate 12 does not overlap with the irradiation section R1 provided in the Y2 direction of the first glass plate 12, and the optical axis AX of the irradiation section R1 provided in the Y2 direction of the first glass plate 12 does not overlap with the irradiation section R1 provided in the Y1 direction of the first glass plate 12.
- FIG. 11A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass unit according to another example.
- the vehicle glass 10 is a laminated glass having a first glass plate 12 and a second glass plate 14.
- the vehicle glass 10 may be a single-pane glass having a first glass plate 12, which is a single glass plate.
- the vehicle glass 10 may have the first glass plate 12, a scattering layer 18, and a light-shielding layer 20.
- the scattering layer 18 is provided on the main surface 12A of the first glass plate 12, but is not limited thereto, and may be provided on the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12, for example.
- 11B to 11D are schematic cross-sectional views of vehicle glass units according to other examples.
- the irradiation device R is provided at a position facing the end surface 12C of the first glass plate 12 in the Y direction, as shown in FIG. 3 and the like, and the multiple irradiation units R1 are configured to irradiate light from the end surface 12C of the first glass plate 12 in the Y direction into the first glass plate 12.
- the position at which the irradiation device R is provided is not limited thereto, and may be at any position.
- the irradiation device R may extend in the Z direction to a position protruding from a position facing the Y-direction end face 12C of the first glass plate 12.
- the irradiation device R may be provided from the Y-direction end face 12C of the first glass plate 12 to the Y-direction end face of another layer of the vehicle glass 10, and in the example of Fig. 11B, the irradiation device R is provided from a position facing the Y-direction end face of the second glass plate 14, through a position facing the Y-direction end face of the intermediate layer 16, and a position facing the Y-direction end face of the scattering layer 18, to a position facing the Y-direction end face of the first glass plate 12.
- the irradiation unit R1 of the irradiation device R is provided at a position facing the end face in the Y direction of the first glass plate 12, and a portion of the irradiation device R other than the irradiation unit R1 protrudes from a position facing the end face 12C in the Y direction of the first glass plate 12.
- the portion of the irradiation device R other than the irradiation unit R1 may be, for example, a housing that houses the irradiation unit R1.
- the irradiation device R may be provided in the direction Z2 from the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12, that is, at a position facing the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12.
- the multiple irradiation units R1 are configured to irradiate light from the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12 into the first glass plate 12.
- the irradiation units R1 are disposed so that the position at which light is irradiated faces the main surface 12B (direction Z2).
- the irradiation device R may be provided from a position facing the end face in the Y direction of the first glass plate 12 to a position facing the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12.
- the irradiation unit R1 may be provided only at a position facing the end face in the Y direction of the first glass plate 12, or only at a position facing the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12, or may be provided at both a position facing the end face in the Y direction of the first glass plate 12 and a position facing the main surface 12B. That is, the irradiation device R is disposed facing the end face in the Y direction and the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12, and the multiple irradiation units R1 may be configured to irradiate light into the first glass plate 12 from at least one of the end face 12C in the Y direction and the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12.
- 11E to 11G are schematic cross-sectional views of vehicle glass units according to other examples.
- the entire irradiation device R is disposed within the cutout portion N of the first glass plate 12, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Only a part of the irradiation device R may be located within the cutout portion N, and the other part may protrude from the cutout portion N.
- the irradiation device R may be provided from within the cutout portion N to a position protruding from within the cutout portion N in the Z direction (Z1 direction in this example).
- the irradiation device R may be provided from within the cutout N to a position protruding from within the cutout N in the Y direction (Y2 direction in this example).
- the portion of the irradiation device R protruding from within the cutout N in the Y direction may have any shape.
- the protruding portion may extend in the Z2 direction to a position facing the end face of the scattering layer 18 in the Y direction, a position facing the end face of the intermediate layer 16 in the Y direction, and a position facing the end face of the second glass plate 14 in the Y direction, as shown in FIG.
- the irradiation device R may protrude from the cutout portion N in both the Y direction and the Z direction. In this manner, when the irradiation device R protrudes from within the cutout portion N, it is preferable that the irradiation section R1 of the irradiation device R is located within the cutout portion N, and a portion of the irradiation device R other than the irradiation section R1 protrudes from the cutout portion N.
- the portion of the irradiation device R other than the irradiation section R1 may be, for example, a housing that houses the irradiation section R1.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 includes a first glass plate 12, an irradiation device R having a plurality of irradiation units R1, and a scattering layer 18 having a plurality of scattering units 30 and provided at a position overlapping the main surface of the first glass plate 12 in a plan view.
- the irradiation units R1 are arranged in a first direction (X direction) perpendicular to the thickness direction (Z direction) of the first glass plate 12, and irradiate light into the first glass plate 12.
- the scattering units 30 are arranged in the first direction and a second direction (Y direction) perpendicular to the thickness direction and the first direction, and scatter the light irradiated into the first glass plate 12.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 satisfies the above-mentioned formula (1).
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the present disclosure can suppress non-uniformity in the intensity of the emitted light by reducing the number of scattering units 30 that receive light with a small luminance value by setting the distance pD between the scattering units 30 to a length equal to or greater than the distance d.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the second aspect of the present disclosure is the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the first aspect, and preferably satisfies the above-mentioned formula (2).
- formula (2) it is possible to suppress the relative decrease in the intensity of the light from the scattering group 32A, and more suitably suppress the non-uniformity in the intensity of the emitted light.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the third aspect of the present disclosure is the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the first or second aspect, and preferably has p x /p D of 0.8 to 1.2.
- p x /p D is in this range, it is possible to more suitably suppress non-uniformity in the intensity of the emitted light.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure is a vehicle glass unit 1 according to any one of the first to third aspects, and preferably, in a plan view, the area occupied by the scattering section 30 per unit area increases the farther it is from the irradiation section R1. By increasing the area occupied by the scattering section 30 per unit area the farther it is from the irradiation section R1, it is possible to more suitably prevent the intensity of light from each scattering section 30 from becoming uneven.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the fifth aspect of the present disclosure is a vehicle glass unit 1 according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, and the transmissive area AR is preferably an area in plan view where the scattering layer 18 is provided and where the light-shielding layer 20 that blocks visible light is not provided.
- the transmissive area AR is preferably an area in plan view where the scattering layer 18 is provided and where the light-shielding layer 20 that blocks visible light is not provided.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the sixth aspect of the present disclosure is a vehicle glass unit 1 according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, in which the irradiation device R is provided in the Y1 and Y2 directions with respect to the first glass plate 12, and it is preferable that the irradiation section R1 included in the Y1 direction irradiation device R and the irradiation section R1 included in the Y2 direction irradiation device R are arranged in positions that do not overlap along the Y direction. This makes it possible to more suitably prevent the intensity (brightness) of the light from each scattering section 30 from becoming non-uniform.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the seventh aspect of the present disclosure is a vehicle glass unit 1 according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, in which the irradiation device R is provided at a position facing the end face 12C of the first glass plate 12, and the multiple irradiation units R1 are preferably configured to irradiate light from the end face 12C of the first glass plate 12 into the first glass plate 12. According to the present disclosure, light can be appropriately taken in the first glass plate 12.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the eighth aspect of the present disclosure is a vehicle glass unit 1 according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, in which the irradiation device R is provided at a position opposite the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12, and the multiple irradiation units R1 are preferably configured to irradiate light from the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12 into the first glass plate 12.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the ninth aspect of the present disclosure is a vehicle glass unit 1 according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, in which the irradiation device R is disposed opposite the end face 12C and the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12, and the multiple irradiation units R1 are preferably configured to irradiate light into the first glass plate 12 from at least one of the end face 12C in the Y direction and the main surface 12B of the first glass plate 12. According to the present disclosure, light can be appropriately taken into the first glass plate 12.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the tenth aspect of the present disclosure is a vehicle glass unit 1 according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, in which a notch N that is recessed inward in a plan view is formed on the end face 12C in the Y direction of the first glass plate 12, and the irradiation device R is preferably provided within the notch N. According to the present disclosure, by attaching the irradiation device R to the notch N, light from the irradiation device R can be taken into the first glass plate 12 from the notch N, so that light can be appropriately taken into the first glass plate 12.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the eleventh aspect of the present disclosure is the vehicle glass unit 1 according to any one of the first to tenth aspects, and preferably further comprises a second glass plate 14 that overlaps with the first glass plate 12 in a plan view, and an intermediate layer 16 provided between the first glass plate 12 and the second glass plate 14. By forming it into a laminated glass in this way, it can be appropriately used as vehicle glass.
- the vehicle glass unit 1 according to the twelfth aspect of the present disclosure is any one of the vehicle glass units 1 according to the first to eleventh aspects, and is preferably installed on the ceiling of a vehicle. By using the vehicle glass unit 1 as roof glass, it is possible to appropriately emit light toward the interior of the vehicle.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the analysis results according to Example 1.
- a simulation model was prepared that had a laminated glass, a plurality of scattering parts arranged in the X and Y directions over the entire main surface of the laminated glass, and a plurality of irradiation parts (light sources) arranged in the X direction at a position a predetermined distance away from the side surface in the Y direction of the laminated glass.
- the length in the X direction of the two glass plates used for the laminated glass was 300 mm
- the length in the Y direction was 500 mm
- the thickness was 2 mm.
- the two glass plates were bonded with a PVB intermediate film of 0.76 mm to form a laminated glass.
- the light irradiated from the irradiation part follows a Lambertian distribution, in other words, the total radiation angle ⁇ was 90°.
- the distance p D which is the pitch of the irradiation parts arranged in the X direction, was set to 30 mm, and the distance from the side surface in the Y direction of the glass plate to the irradiation part (corresponding to the distance o in this embodiment) was set to 20 mm.
- the irradiation parts are not offset from each other in the Y direction, and the distance p L (corresponding to p x in this embodiment), which is the distance between the irradiation parts in the X direction, is set to 40 mm.
- FIG. 12 shows the light emitted from each scattering part in the analysis. As shown in Fig. 12, when the brightness of the light from each scattering part is normalized to 0 to 100, the brightness of the scattering parts included in the scattering group closest to the irradiation part is 100, 72, 10, 72, and 100.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the analysis results according to Example 2.
- the analysis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the distance p L (corresponding to p x in this embodiment), which is the distance in the X direction between the irradiated parts, was set to 50 mm.
- the luminance of light from each scattering part was normalized to 0 to 100, the luminance of the scattering part included in the scattering group closest to the irradiated part was 100, 8, 76, 76, and 8.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the analysis results according to Example 3.
- the analysis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the distance p L (corresponding to p x in this embodiment), which is the distance in the X direction between the irradiated parts, was set to 70 mm.
- the luminance of light from each scattering part was normalized to 0 to 100, the luminance of the scattering part included in the scattering group closest to the irradiated part was 100, 3, 56, 4, and 2.
- Fig. 15 is a diagram showing the analysis results according to Example 4.
- the analysis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the distance p L (corresponding to p x in this embodiment), which is the distance in the X direction between the irradiated parts, was set to 90 mm.
- the luminance of light from each scattering part was normalized to 0 to 100, the luminance of the scattering part included in the scattering group closest to the irradiated part was 100, 1, 2, 100, 1, and 1.
- Fig. 16 is a diagram showing the analysis results according to Example 5.
- the analysis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the distance p L (corresponding to p x in this embodiment), which is the distance in the X direction between the irradiated parts, was set to 30 mm.
- the brightness of light from each scattering part was normalized to 0 to 100, the brightness of the scattering parts included in the scattering group closest to the irradiated part was all 100.
- Example 4 which is a comparative example, p L (p x ) is 90 mm, and there is a scattering portion that does not satisfy formula (1) and formula (1C) and has a normalized luminance of less than 2. That is, it can be seen that the non-uniformity of the intensity of the emitted light cannot be suppressed in the comparative example that does not satisfy formula (1). Furthermore, it can be seen that in Example 5, which satisfies formula (2), the luminance of all the scattering portions is 100, and the non-uniformity of the intensity of the emitted light can be more suitably suppressed.
- the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments are not limited to the contents of these embodiments.
- the aforementioned components include those that a person skilled in the art would easily imagine, those that are substantially the same, and those that are within the scope of what is known as equivalence.
- the aforementioned components can be combined as appropriate.
- various omissions, substitutions, or modifications of the components can be made without departing from the spirit of the aforementioned embodiments.
- Vehicle glass unit 10 Vehicle glass 12 First glass plate 12A, 12B Main surface 12C End surface 14 Second glass plate 16 Intermediate layer 18 Scattering layer 20 Light-shielding layer 30 Scattering section AR Transmitting region R Irradiation device R1 Irradiation section
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Abstract
Description
pyは、前記第1照射部に対する、前記第2照射部の、前記厚み方向及び前記第1方向に直交する第2方向における相対位置を指し、
αは、前記第1照射部から照射される光の光軸上での輝度値に対して、前記第1照射部から照射される光の輝度値が50%の値となる、前記第1照射部と前記第2照射部との間の各位置のうちで、前記厚み方向に垂直な平面上にある境界位置を結んだ線の、前記第1方向に対する傾きを指し、
βは、前記第2照射部から照射される光の光軸上での輝度値に対して、前記第2照射部から照射される光の輝度値が50%の値となる、前記第1照射部と前記第2照射部との間の各位置のうちで、前記厚み方向に垂直な平面上にある境界位置を結んだ線の、前記第1方向に対する傾きを指し、
pDは、前記散乱部に散乱された光を透過する前記車両用ガラスの透過領域内で前記第1方向に並ぶ前記散乱部の群である散乱群のうちで、最も前記照射部に近い位置にある前記散乱群に含まれる前記散乱部同士の、前記第1方向における距離を指し、
oは、前記透過領域内で最も前記照射部に近い位置にある前記散乱群と、前記照射部との間の距離を指す。
図1は、本実施形態に係る車両用ガラスユニットの模式的な上面図であり、図2は、本実施形態に係る車両用ガラスユニットの模式的な断面図である。図1に示すように、本実施形態に係る車両用ガラスユニット1は、車両用ガラス10と、車両用ガラス10に向けて光を照射する照射装置Rとを有する。本実施形態に係る車両用ガラスユニット1(車両用ガラス10)は、車両に搭載され、例えば車両窓として使用できる。車両用ガラスユニット1(車両用ガラス10)は、車両の任意の位置に搭載されてよく、例えばルーフガラス、ウインドシールド、リアウインドウ、及びサイドウインドウに用いられてよい。本実施形態の例では、車両用ガラスユニット1(車両用ガラス10)は、車両の天井に設けられるルーフガラスとして用いられる。
図2に示すように、車両用ガラス10は、第1ガラス板12と、第2ガラス板14と、中間層16と、散乱層18と、遮光層20とを有する。ここで、車両用ガラス10の主面に垂直な方向(車両用ガラス10の厚み方向)をZ方向とし、Z方向のうちで一方に向かう方向をZ1方向、Z方向のうちで他方に向かう方向(Z1方向と反対方向)をZ2方向とする。本実施形態の例では、車両用ガラス10は、Z1方向に向けて、第2ガラス板14、中間層16、散乱層18、第1ガラス板12、遮光層20の順で積層されている。なお、車両用ガラス10が車両に搭載された場合には、Z1方向が車内方向(車内に向かう方向)でありZ2方向が車外方向(車外に向かう方向)となる。また例えば、車両用ガラス10が湾曲していた場合には、車両用ガラス10の中心位置における表面に垂直な方向をZ方向としてよい。
以降において、Z方向に垂直な一方向をX方向(第1方向)とし、X方向のうちで一方に向かう方向をX1方向、X方向のうちで他方に向かう方向(X1方向と反対方向)をX2方向とする。また、Z方向及びX方向に垂直な方向をY方向(第2方向)とし、Y方向のうちで一方に向かう方向をY1方向、Y方向のうちで他方に向かう方向(Y1方向と反対方向)をY2方向とする。本実施形態では、車両用ガラス10が車両に搭載された場合には、X方向が車両の前後方向となりY方向が車両の左右方向となる。ただし、X方向及びY方向と車両の方向との関係はそれに限られず任意であってよい。
第1ガラス板12は、車両用ガラス10が車両に搭載された場合に車内に位置するガラス板である。図2に示すように、第1ガラス板12は、Z2方向を向く主面12A(第1主面)と、Z1方向を向く主面12B(主面12Aと反対側の第2主面)と、主面12Aと主面12Bとを接続する端面12Cとを有する。主面12A、12Bをそれぞれ、車両用ガラス10の第3面、第4面と呼んでもよい。また、端面12Cは、Z方向から見て第1ガラス板12の径方向外側の端面であり、第1ガラス板12の側面ともいえる。
湾曲している場合の第1ガラス板12の曲率半径は、例えば100mm以上10,000mm以下であってよい。曲率半径がこの範囲となることで、車両に適切に搭載できる。なお、ここでの第1ガラス板12の曲率半径は、一方向(例えばX方向)を曲げ軸とした曲げの曲率半径を指す。ただし、第1ガラス板12は、一方向のみを曲げ軸として湾曲していることに限られず、異なる複数方向(例えば二方向)を曲げ軸として湾曲する複曲形状であってもよい。この場合の各曲げ軸に対応する曲率半径も、上記の数値範囲内にあることが好ましい。また、第1ガラス板12は、湾曲していることに限られず、平板状であってもよい。
図2に示すように、第2ガラス板14は、第1ガラス板12よりもZ2方向に位置しており、Z方向から見て第1ガラス板12に重なっている。すなわち、第2ガラス板14は、車両用ガラス10が車両に搭載された場合に車外に位置するガラス板である。第2ガラス板14は、Z2方向を向く主面14Aと、Z1方向を向く主面14B(主面14Aと反対側の主面)と、主面14Aと主面14Bとを接続する端面14Cとを有する。主面14A、14Bをそれぞれ、車両用ガラス10の第1面、第2面と呼んでもよい。また、端面14Cは、Z方向から見て第2ガラス板14の径方向外側の端面であり、第2ガラス板14の側面ともいえる。
第2ガラス板14の他の特徴は、上述で説明した第1ガラス板12の特徴と同じであるため、説明を省略する。なお、第2ガラス板14の曲率半径と第1ガラス板12の曲率半径とは、同じであってもよいし異なっていてもよい。
図2に示すように、中間層16は、Z方向において、第1ガラス板12と第2ガラス板14との間に位置している。中間層16は、第1ガラス板12と第2ガラス板14とを接着する接着層である。中間層16の材料は任意であってよいが、熱可塑性樹脂や硬化性樹脂が好適であり、熱可塑性樹脂が特に好適である。
なお、中間層16は必須の構成ではない。例えば、ガラス板として第1ガラス板12のみが設けられる構成においては、中間層16は設けなくてもよい。
散乱層18は、少なくとも第1ガラス板12内に入射した光を散乱させるための層である。散乱層18は、散乱層18に入射した光が、少なくともZ1方向に散乱されるように構成される。散乱層18は、Z方向から見て(平面視において)、第1ガラス板12の主面(主面12A及び主面12B)と重なる位置に設けられる層である。本実施形態においては、ガラス板として第1ガラス板12及び第2ガラス板14が設けられているため、散乱層18は、Z方向から見て、第1ガラス板12の主面及び第2ガラス板14の主面と重なる位置に設けられる。
図2に示すように、本実施形態の例では、散乱層18は、第1ガラス板12の主面12Aと中間層16との間に設けられている。ただし散乱層18の位置はそれに限られない。散乱層18は、第1ガラス板12の主面12B上(主面12BよりもZ1方向)に設けられてもよいし、中間層16の内部に設けられてもよいし、中間層16と第2ガラス板14の主面14Bとの間に設けられてもよいし、第2ガラス板14の主面14B上(主面14BよりもZ1方向)に設けられてもよい。
遮光層20は、可視光を遮蔽する層である。遮光層20の可視光線透過率は、通常、5%以下であり、3%以下が好ましく、実質的に0%でもよい。遮光層20は、Z方向から見て、第1ガラス板12の主面(主面12A及び主面12B)の一部の領域と重なる位置に設けられる層である。本実施形態においては、ガラス板として第1ガラス板12及び第2ガラス板14が設けられているため、遮光層20は、Z方向から見て、第1ガラス板12の主面の一部の領域及び第2ガラス板14の主面の一部の領域とに重なる位置に設けられる。
図2に示すように、本実施形態においては、遮光層20は、第1ガラス板12の主面12B上(主面12BよりもZ1方向)に設けられている。なお、本実施形態においては、Z方向から見て(平面視において)、遮光層20は、第1ガラス板12の周辺部に所定の幅で設けられている。ただし遮光層20が設けられる位置はそれに限られず任意であってよく、例えば、第2ガラス板14の主面14B上(主面14BよりもZ1方向)に設けられてもよいし、第1ガラス板12の主面12B上と第2ガラス板14の主面14B上との両方に設けられてもよい。
なお、遮光層20は必須の構成ではない。言い換えれば、車両用ガラスユニット1は、遮光層20を有さなくてもよい。
車両用ガラス10には、透過領域ARが形成されている。透過領域ARとは、車両用ガラス10の主面の全域のうちで、散乱層18の散乱部30で散乱された光をZ1方向に透過する領域を指す。本実施形態においては、図1に示すように、Z方向から見て散乱層18が設けられている領域が、透過領域ARとなる。すなわち、照射装置Rから第1ガラス板12内に入射した光は、散乱層18が設けられていない領域においては、散乱層18に散乱されずに透過されたり、遮断されたりする。一方、照射装置Rから第1ガラス板12内に入射した光は、散乱層18で散乱されて、散乱層18が設けられている透過領域ARを通ってZ1方向に導出される。
さらに言えば、本実施形態においては遮光層20が設けられているため、透過領域ARは、Z方向から見て、散乱層18が設けられ、かつ、遮光層20が設けられていない領域といえる。すなわち、照射装置Rから第1ガラス板12内に入射した光は、遮光層20が設けられている領域においては、遮断されて、Z1方向に透過されない。一方、散乱層18で散乱された光は、遮光層20が設けられていない領域においては、遮光層20に遮断されずに、Z1方向に透過する。
以降において、車両用ガラス10の主面の全域のうちで、透過領域AR以外の領域を、適宜、非透過領域ARaと記載する。非透過領域ARaは、Z方向から見て、散乱層18が設けられてないことと、遮光層20が設けられていることとの、少なくとも一方を満たす領域といえる。特に、非透過領域ARaにおける遮光層20は、少なくとも散乱層18よりもZ1方向に配置される部分を含む。
照射装置Rは、第1ガラス板12内に光(可視光)を照射する装置である。図1に示すように、照射装置Rは、照射部R1と基板R2とを有する。照射部R1は、照射装置Rのうちで光を出射する部分であり、本実施形態においては、発光するLEDなどの光源である。基板R2は、照射部R1に接続される基板である。照射部R1は、X方向に並ぶように複数設けられている。照射装置Rに含まれる照射部R1の数は、2個以上50個以下であることが好ましく、10個以上40個以下であることがより好ましく、20個以上30個以下であることがさらに好ましい。照射部R1の数がこの範囲となることで、透過領域AR1からZ1方向に透過される光の強度を十分に保つことができる。ただし、照射部R1の数はこれに限られず任意であってよい。また、図1の例では、それぞれの照射部R1は、Y方向にオフセットすることなくX方向に沿うように並んでいるが、Y方向にオフセットしつつX方向に並んでいてもよい。
また、照射部R1は、LEDなどの光源であることに限られない。例えば、照射装置Rは、光源と、光源からの光が通る導光部と、導光部に形成されて光を透過可能な導出口とを含む構成であってもよい。この場合、導光部に形成された導出口が照射部R1に対応する。すなわちこの構成では、光源から導光部内に照射された光は、導出口である照射部R1から出射される。
図1の例では、1つの透過領域ARのY方向における一方には、1つの照射装置Rのみが形成されている。さらに言えば、Y1方向とY2方向の両側に照射装置Rが設けられる場合には、1つの透過領域ARに対して、Y1方向に位置する1つの照射装置Rと、Y2方向に位置する1つの照射装置Rとが設けられる。ただし、透過領域ARに対する照射装置Rの数は任意であってよく、1つの透過領域ARに対して、Y方向における一方又は両方に、X方向に並ぶ複数の照射装置Rが設けられていてもよい。
なお、Z方向から見て、透過領域ARと照射装置Rが設けられている側の端面12Cとの間の領域は、遮光層20が設けられた非透過領域ARaとなっていることが好ましい。
車両用ガラスユニット1は、以上のような構成となっている。このような構成の車両用ガラスユニット1においては、照射装置Rの照射部R1から出射された光は、その照射装置Rに対してY方向において対向する第1ガラス板12の端面12Cから、第1ガラス板12内に入射する。なお、照射装置Rの照射部R1から出射された光は、その照射装置Rに対してZ方向において対向する第1ガラス板12の主面12Bから、第1ガラス板12内に入射してもよい。第1ガラス板12内に入射した光は、第1ガラス板12の主面12A、12Bで反射されつつY方向に進行する。また、第1ガラス板12内に入射した光の一部は、主面12Aを透過して散乱層18の散乱部30で散乱されて、Z1方向に進行して、主面12Bのうちの透過領域ARからZ1方向に出射される。これにより、散乱層18で散乱された光が、透過領域ARの略全域においてZ1方向(車内)に透過して、車内で視認されることになる。
上述の例では、照射装置Rは、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面12Cに対向する位置に設けられていたが、例えば、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面12Cに切り欠き部Nが形成され、その切り欠き部N内に照射装置Rが配置されていてもよい。以下、その場合の例について説明する。なお、切り欠き部Nも、車内のガラス板の端面に設けられることに限られず、車外のガラス板の端面に設けられてもよい。
図4の例では、1つの透過領域ARのY方向における一方には、1つの切り欠き部Nのみが形成されている。さらに言えば、Y1方向とY2方向の両側に切り欠き部Nが形成される場合には、1つの透過領域ARに対して、Y1方向に位置する1つの切り欠き部Nと、Y2方向に位置する1つの切り欠き部Nとが形成されている。ただし、透過領域ARに対する切り欠き部Nの数は任意であってよく、1つの透過領域ARに対して、Y方向における一方又は両方に、X方向に並ぶ複数の切り欠き部Nが形成されていてもよい。
このように、照射部R1は、切り欠き部N内において、Y方向においてオフセットしつつX方向に並ぶように配置されることが好ましいが、それに限られず、Y方向においてオフセットせずにX方向に並んでもよい。また、上述の実施形態のように、照射装置Rが、第1ガラス板12の端面12Cに対向するように設けられる場合にも、切り欠き部N内に設けられる場合の例と同様に、Y方向においてオフセットしつつX方向に並ぶように配置されてもよい。
以上説明したように、本実施形態においては、X方向に並ぶ複数の照射部R1のそれぞれから第1ガラス板12内に入射された光は、散乱層18のそれぞれの散乱部30に到達して散乱され、散乱部30で散乱された光が、透過領域ARから車両用ガラス10外に出射される。このように、本実施形態においては、複数の照射部R1から複数の散乱部30に対して光を照射するため、散乱部30で散乱されて車両用ガラス10外に出射される光の強度が、散乱部30毎に不均一となるおそれがある。出射される光の強度が不均一となると、例えば車両の乗員に違和感を抱かせるなどの問題が生じるおそれがある。それに対し、本発明者は、鋭意研究の結果、照射部R1や散乱部30の位置関係を適切に設定することで、出射される光の強度の不均一性を抑制できることを見出した。以下、具体的に説明する。
図5及び図6に示すように、X方向に隣り合う2つの照射部R1を、第1照射部R1A及び第2照射部R1Bとする。ここでは、第1照射部R1AよりもX1方向に第2照射部R1Bが位置する場合を例にする。また、第1照射部R1Aの、光が出射される位置を、位置PAとし、第2照射部R1Bの、光が出射される位置を、位置PBとする。例えば、Z方向から見て、第1照射部R1Aの散乱部30側の端辺(ここではY2方向の端辺)を端辺PALとすると、位置PAは、端辺PALのX方向における中央位置としてよい。同様に、Z方向から見て、第2照射部R1Bの散乱部30側の端辺(ここではY2方向の端辺)を端辺PBLとすると、位置PBは、端辺PBLのX方向における中央位置としてよい。
ここで、第1照射部R1Aから照射される光の光軸を光軸AXAとすると、第1照射部R1Aから照射される光は、例えば、第1照射部R1Aから遠ざかるに従って、位置PAを頂点として光軸AXAを中心線とした略円錐形に、広がる。同様に、第2照射部R1Bから照射される光の光軸を光軸AXBとすると、第2照射部R1Bから照射される光は、例えば、第2照射部R1Bから遠ざかるに従って、位置PBを頂点として光軸AXBを中心線とした略円錐形に、広がる。
また、第1照射部R1Aのみから光を照射した場合において、第1照射部R1Aから照射される光の光軸AXA上の各位置での輝度値に対して、第1照射部R1Aから照射される光の輝度値が50%の値となる各位置のうちで、Z方向に垂直な平面(例えばX方向X及びY方向に平行であり、かつZ方向において光軸AXAに重なる平面)上に存在する各位置を、境界位置とする。そして、これらの境界位置を結んだ線を、線LA1、LA2とする。輝度値は光軸AXAからX方向に遠ざかる程小さくなるため、各境界位置は、光軸AXAよりもX1方向と、光軸AXAよりもX2方向とに存在することになる。ここでは、光軸AXAよりもX1方向(すなわち第1照射部R1Aよりも第2照射部R1B側)の各境界位置を結んだ線を、線LA1とし、光軸AXAよりもX2方向の各境界位置を結んだ線を、線LA2とする。なお、線LA1と線LA2とのなす角度θは、第1照射部R1Aの全放射角とも呼べる。
同様に、第2照射部R1Bのみから光を照射した場合において、第2照射部R1Bから照射される光の光軸AXB上の各位置での輝度値に対して、第2照射部R1Bから照射される光の輝度値が50%の値となる各位置のうちで、Z方向に垂直に平行な平面(例えばX方向及びY方向に平行であり、かつZ方向において光軸AXBに重なる平面)上に存在する各位置を、境界位置とする。そして、これらの境界位置を結んだ線を、線LB1、LB2とする。ここでは、光軸AXBよりもX2方向に位置する各境界位置を結んだ線を線LB1とし、光軸AXBよりもX1方向に位置する各境界位置を結んだ線を、線LB2とする。なお、線LB1と線LB2とのなす角度θは、第2照射部R1Bの全放射角とも呼べる。
また、Z方向から見て透過領域ARと重なる位置にある散乱群32(X方向に並ぶ散乱部30の群)のうちで、最も照射部R1に近い位置にある散乱群32を、散乱群32Aとする。すなわち、図5や図6の例では、散乱群32Aは、Z方向から見て透過領域ARと重なる散乱群32のうちで、最もY1方向に位置する散乱群32を指す。
本実施形態に係る車両用ガラスユニット1は、次の式(1)(第1の位置関係)を満たすように、照射部R1と散乱部30とが位置している。
pyは、Y方向における、第1照射部R1Aに対する第2照射部R1Bの相対位置を指す。すなわち、pyは、Y方向における、位置PAに対する位置PBの相対位置を指し、位置PAから位置PBまでの、Y方向における距離ともいえる。
αは、線LA1の、X方向に対する傾きを指す。すなわち、位置PAを原点とするX方向及びY方向の2次元座標系において、線LA1は、「Y=-α・X」として表される。この場合、αは、線LA1の傾きの絶対値と言え、線LA1上のX方向における位置に対するY方向における位置の比率(Y/X)の絶対値ともいえる。αは正の値をとる。
βは、線LB1の、X方向に対する傾きを指す。すなわち、位置PAを原点とするX方向及びY方向の2次元座標系において、線LB1は、「Y-py=β・(X-px)」として表される。この場合、βは、線LB1の傾きの絶対値といえ、言い換えれば、線LB1上のX方向における位置に対するY方向における位置の比率(Y/X)の絶対値といえる。βは正の値をとる。
pDは、散乱群32Aに含まれてX方向に隣り合う散乱部30同士の、X方向における距離(ピッチ)を指す。例えば、Z方向からみて、散乱群32Aに含まれてX方向に隣り合う散乱部30の中心位置同士の間の、X方向における距離を、距離pDとしてよい。
oは、散乱群32Aと照射部R1との間の距離を指す。例えば、距離oは、散乱群32Aに含まれる最も照射部R1側(ここでは最もY1方向)に位置する散乱部30の、照射部R1側(ここではY1方向)の端部と、それぞれの照射部R1のうちで最も散乱部30側(ここでは最もY2方向)に位置する照射部R1の、光が出射される位置との、距離であってよい。
車両用ガラスユニット1は、上述の式(1)を満たすことで、散乱部30同士の距離pDが、距離d以上の長さとなる。そのため、散乱群32Aに含まれる各散乱部30のうちの少なくとも1つは、X方向に隣り合う2つの照射部R1の両方から、光軸AX上での輝度値に対して50%以上となる輝度値の光を受けることが可能となる。従って、式(1)を満たすことで、輝度値が小さい光を受ける散乱部30の数を少なくして、出射される光の強度の不均一性を抑制することが可能となる。一方、距離pDが距離d未満となると、散乱群32Aに含まれる全ての散乱部30が、X方向に隣り合う2つの照射部R1の両方から十分な輝度値(例えば50%以上の輝度値)の光を受けなくなる可能性がある。その一方で、散乱群32AよりもY2方向の散乱部30は、散乱群32Aの全ての散乱部30よりも高い輝度値の光を受けることになるため、散乱群32Aからの光の強度の相対的な低下が顕著となり、出射される光の強度が不均一になってしまう。
px≦pD+2o/α ・・・(1B)
なお、図5のように、第1照射部R1Aと第2照射部R1BとのY方向における位置と全放射角θが同じである場合、式(1)は、次の式(1C)に変形して表現することもできる。
図7及び図8は、第2の位置関係の例を説明するための模式図である。図7は、X方向に並ぶ照射部R1同士が、Y方向においてオフセットせずに、X方向に沿って並んでいる場合の例を示しており、図8は、X方向に並ぶ照射部R1同士が、Y方向においてオフセットしている場合の例を示している。
本実施形態に係る車両用ガラスユニット1は、次の式(2)(第2の位置関係)を満たすように、照射部R1と散乱部30とが位置していることが、好ましい。
照射部R1同士がY方向にオフセットしない図7においては、第1照射部R1Aと第2照射部R1Bとは、Y方向における位置と全放射角θとが同じであり、線LA1と線LB1との傾きが同じになる。そのため、線LA1は「Y=-α・X」と表され、線LB1は「Y=α(X-px)」と表され、線LA1と線LB1との交点である位置QのY方向における位置は、「-(α/2)・px」と表される。そのため、位置Qが散乱群32Aよりも照射部R1側(ここではY1方向)にあるためには、次の式(2A)を満たす必要があり、式(2A)は、式(2B)のように変形できる。
px≦2o/α ・・・(2B)
なお、図7のように、第1照射部R1Aと第2照射部R1BとのY方向における位置と全放射角θが同じである場合、式(2)は、次の式(2C)に変形して表現することもできる。
散乱群32Aに含まれてX方向に隣り合う散乱部30同士のX方向の距離pDに対する、第2照射部R1BのX方向における位置px(第1照射部R1Aと第2照射部R1BとのX方向における距離)の比率px/pDは、0.8以上1.2以下であることが好ましく、0.9以上1.1以下であることがより好ましく、0.95以上1.05以下であることがさらに好ましい。比率px/pDがこの範囲となることで、出射される光の強度の不均一性をより好適に抑制することが可能となる。
図9は、散乱群を説明する模式図である。以上の説明では、X方向に一列に並ぶ散乱部30の群を、散乱群32と規定していたが、散乱群32は、Y方向にオフセットせずにX方向に沿って一列に並ぶ散乱部30のみで構成されることに限られない。本実施形態では、X方向に並ぶ他の散乱部30に対するY方向へのオフセット長さが閾値以下となる散乱部30も、散乱群32に含めてもよい。例えば、図9の例では、散乱部30A、30B、30CがX方向に並んでいる。図9の例では、Y方向における散乱部30Aと散乱部30Bとの距離ΔHB(Y方向へのオフセット長さ)は、閾値より高く、Y方向における散乱部30Aと散乱部30Cとの距離ΔHC(Y方向へのオフセット長さ)は、閾値以下となっている。そのため、散乱部30Aと散乱部30Cとは、X方向に並ぶ散乱群32に含まれ、散乱部30Bは、散乱部30A、30Cを含む散乱群32には含まれないことになる。なお、Y方向における散乱部30同士の距離(オフセット長さ)は、図9の例では、それぞれの散乱部30のY1方向(照射部R1側)の端部同士の、Y方向における距離を指すが、それに限られず、例えば、Z方向から見た散乱部30の中心同士の、Y方向における距離を指してよい。また、ここでの閾値は適宜設定されてよい。例えば、閾値は、散乱部30(ここでは散乱部30A)のY方向の長さHAに対して所定比率の長さとして設定されることが好ましく、長さHAの10%の長さとして設定されることがより好ましい。
次に、車両用ガラスユニット1の構造の他の例について説明する。なお、以下の他の例同士を組み合わせた構成であってもよい。
例えば、照射装置Rは、Z方向において、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面12Cに対向する位置からはみ出した位置まで延在してもよい。例えば、照射装置Rは、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面12Cから、車両用ガラス10の他の層のY方向の端面までにわたって設けられていてもよく、図11Bの例では、第2ガラス板14のY方向の端面に対向する位置から、中間層16のY方向の端面に対向する位置、散乱層18のY方向の端面に対向する位置を経て、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面に対向する位置までにわたって設けられている。
なお、図11Bの例では、照射装置Rのうちの照射部R1は、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面に対向する位置に設けられ、照射装置Rの照射部R1以外の部分が、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面12Cに対向する位置からはみ出している。照射装置Rの照射部R1以外の部分とは、例えば、照射部R1を収納する筐体などであってよい。
また例えば、図11Dに示すように、照射装置Rは、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面に対向する位置から、第1ガラス板12の主面12Bと対向する位置までにわたって、設けられていてもよい。この場合、照射部R1は、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面に対向する位置にのみ設けられてもよいし、第1ガラス板12の主面12Bと対向する位置にのみ設けられてもよいし、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面に対向する位置と主面12Bと対向する位置との両方に設けられてもよい。すなわち、照射装置Rは、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面及び主面12Bに対向して配置され、複数の照射部R1は、第1ガラス板12のY方向の端面12Cと主面12Bとの少なくとも一方から、第1ガラス板12内に光を照射するように構成されてもよい。
例えば、図11Eに示すように、照射装置Rは、切り欠き部N内から、切り欠き部N内からZ方向(本例ではZ1方向)にはみ出した位置までにわたって設けられてもよい。
また例えば、図11Fに示すように、照射装置Rは、切り欠き部N内から、切り欠き部N内からY方向(本例ではY2方向)にはみ出した位置までにわたって設けられてもよい。この場合、照射装置Rの、切り欠き部N内からY方向にはみ出した部分は、任意の形状であってよい、例えば、はみ出した部分は、図11Fに示すように、散乱層18のY方向の端面に対向する位置、中間層16のY方向の端面に対向する位置、及び第2ガラス板14のY方向の端面に対向する位置までにわたって、Z2方向に延在してもよい。
また例えば、図11Gに示すように、照射装置Rは、切り欠き部N内から、Y方向及びZ方向の両方にはみ出してもよい。
このように照射装置Rが切り欠き部N内からはみ出す場合、照射装置Rのうちの照射部R1は、切り欠き部N内に位置し、照射装置Rの照射部R1以外の部分が、切り欠き部Nからはみ出すことが好ましい。照射装置Rの照射部R1以外の部分とは、例えば、照射部R1を収納する筐体などであってよい。
本開示の第1態様に係る車両用ガラスユニット1は、第1ガラス板12と、複数の照射部R1を有する照射装置Rと、複数の散乱部30を有し、平面視において第1ガラス板12の主面と重なる位置に設けられる散乱層18とを有する。照射部R1は、第1ガラス板12の厚み方向(Z方向)に直交する第1方向(X方向)に並び、第1ガラス板12内に光を照射する。散乱部30は、第1方向と、厚み方向及び第1方向に直交する第2方向(Y方向)とに並び、第1ガラス板12内に照射された光を散乱させる。車両用ガラスユニット1は、上述の式(1)を満たす。本開示の車両用ガラスユニット1は、式(1)を満たすことで、散乱部30同士の距離pDを距離d以上の長さとして、輝度値が小さい光を受ける散乱部30の数を少なくして、出射される光の強度の不均一性を抑制することが可能となる。
次に、実施例について説明する。
図12は、例1に係る解析結果を示す図である。例1においては、合わせガラスと、その合わせガラスの主面の全域にわたって配置されたX方向及びY方向に並ぶ複数の散乱部と、合わせガラスのY方向の側面から所定距離離れた位置に配置されたX方向に並ぶ複数の照射部(光源)と、を有するシミュレーションモデルを準備した。合わせガラスに用いた2枚のガラス板のX方向の長さは300mm、Y方向の長さは500mm、厚みは2mmとした。2枚のガラス板を0.76mmのPVB製中間膜で接着して合わせガラスとした。また、照射部から照射される光は、Lambertian分布に従うもの、言い換えれば、全放射角θを90°とした。また、X方向に並ぶ照射部のピッチである距離pDを30mmとし、ガラス板のY方向の側面から照射部までの距離(本実施形態の距離oに対応)を20mmとした。また、照射部同士は、Y方向にオフセットされておらず、照射部同士のX方向の距離である距離pL(本実施形態のpxに対応)を、40mmとした。
以上のようなシミュレーションモデルを用いて、光学シミュレーション(AGC製)を実施した。光学シミュレーションにおいては、それぞれの照射部から光を照射させ、散乱部で散乱されてガラス板からZ1方向に透過した光の強度解析を行った。
図12は、解析において、それぞれの散乱部から出射される光を示している。図12に示すように、それぞれの散乱部からの光の輝度を0~100に正規化すると、最も照射部に近い散乱群に含まれる散乱部の輝度は、100、72、10、72、100となった。
図13は、例2に係る解析結果を示す図である。例2においては、照射部同士のX方向の距離である距離pL(本実施形態のpxに対応)を50mmとした以外は、例1と同様の方法で解析を行った。図13に示すように、それぞれの散乱部からの光の輝度を0~100に正規化すると、最も照射部に近い散乱群に含まれる散乱部の輝度は、100、8、76、76、8となった。
図14は、例3に係る解析結果を示す図である。例3においては、照射部同士のX方向の距離である距離pL(本実施形態のpxに対応)を70mmとした以外は、例1と同様の方法で解析を行った。図14に示すように、それぞれの散乱部からの光の輝度を0~100に正規化すると、最も照射部に近い散乱群に含まれる散乱部の輝度は、100、3、56、4、2となった。
図15は、例4に係る解析結果を示す図である。例4においては、照射部同士のX方向の距離である距離pL(本実施形態のpxに対応)を90mmとした以外は、例1と同様の方法で解析を行った。図15に示すように、それぞれの散乱部からの光の輝度を0~100に正規化すると、最も照射部に近い散乱群に含まれる散乱部の輝度は、100、1、2、100、1、1となった。
図16は、例5に係る解析結果を示す図である。例5においては、照射部同士のX方向の距離である距離pL(本実施形態のpxに対応)を30mmとした以外は、例1と同様の方法で解析を行った。図16に示すように、それぞれの散乱部からの光の輝度を0~100に正規化すると、最も照射部に近い散乱群に含まれる散乱部の輝度は、全て100となった。
評価においては、正規化した輝度が2未満となる散乱部が、最も照射部に近い散乱群に含まれる場合を不合格、含まれない場合を合格とした。実施例である例1~例3、例5は、pL(px)が70mm以下であり、式(1)、式(1C)を満たし、正規化した輝度が2未満となる散乱部が存在しない。すなわち、式(1)を満たす実施例においては、出射される光の強度の不均一性を抑制することが可能となる。一方、比較例である例4は、pL(px)が90mmであり、式(1)、式(1C)を満たさず、正規化した輝度が2未満となる散乱部が存在する。すなわち、式(1)を満たさない比較例においては、出射される光の強度の不均一性を抑制できないことがわかる。さらに言えば、式(2)を満たす例5は、散乱部の輝度が全て100となり、出射される光の強度の不均一性をより好適に抑制できることが分かる。
10 車両用ガラス
12 第1ガラス板
12A、12B 主面
12C 端面
14 第2ガラス板
16 中間層
18 散乱層
20 遮光層
30 散乱部
AR 透過領域
R 照射装置
R1 照射部
Claims (12)
- 第1ガラス板と、
前記第1ガラス板の厚み方向に直交する第1方向に並び前記第1ガラス板内に光を照射する複数の照射部を有する、照射装置と、
前記第1方向と、前記厚み方向及び前記第1方向に直交する第2方向とに並び、前記第1ガラス板内に照射された光を散乱させる複数の散乱部を有し、平面視において前記第1ガラス板の主面と重なる位置に設けられる散乱層と、
を有し、
式(1)を満たす、
車両用ガラスユニット。
px≦pD+(α+β)・o/(α・β)+py/β ・・・(1)
ただし、
pxは、前記照射部である第1照射部に対する、前記第1方向に隣り合う前記照射部である第2照射部の、前記第1方向における相対位置を指し、
pyは、前記第1照射部に対する、前記第2照射部の、前記厚み方向及び前記第1方向に直交する第2方向における相対位置を指し、
αは、前記第1照射部から照射される光の光軸上での輝度値に対して、前記第1照射部から照射される光の輝度値が50%の値となる、前記第1照射部と前記第2照射部との間の各位置のうちで、前記厚み方向に垂直な平面上にある境界位置を結んだ線の、前記第1方向に対する傾きを指し、
βは、前記第2照射部から照射される光の光軸上での輝度値に対して、前記第2照射部から照射される光の輝度値が50%の値となる、前記第1照射部と前記第2照射部との間の各位置のうちで、前記厚み方向に垂直な平面上にある境界位置を結んだ線の、前記第1方向に対する傾きを指し、
pDは、前記散乱部に散乱された光を透過する前記車両用ガラスユニットの透過領域内で前記第1方向に並ぶ前記散乱部の群である散乱群のうちで、最も前記照射部に近い位置にある前記散乱群に含まれる前記散乱部同士の、前記第1方向における距離を指し、
oは、前記透過領域内で最も前記照射部に近い位置にある前記散乱群と、前記照射部との間の距離を指す。 - 式(2)を満たす、請求項1に記載の車両用ガラスユニット。
px≦(α+β)・o/(α・β)+py/β ・・・(2) - px/pDは、0.8以上1.2以下である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の車両用ガラスユニット。
- 平面視において、単位面積当たりの前記散乱部が占める領域は、前記照射部から遠ざかるほど大きくなっている、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の車両用ガラスユニット。
- 前記透過領域は、平面視において、前記散乱層が設けられ、かつ、可視光を遮蔽する遮光層が設けられない領域である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の車両用ガラスユニット。
- 前記照射装置は、前記第1ガラス板に対して、前記第2方向における一方と他方とに設けられており、前記第2方向における一方の前記照射装置に含まれる前記照射部と、前記第2方向における他方の前記照射装置に含まれる前記照射部とは、前記第2方向に沿って重ならない位置に配置されている、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の車両用ガラスユニット。
- 前記照射装置は、前記第1ガラス板の端面に対向して配置され、
前記複数の照射部は、前記第1ガラス板の端面から前記第1ガラス板内に光を照射するように構成される、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の車両用ガラスユニット。 - 前記照射装置は、前記第1ガラス板の主面に対向して配置され、
前記複数の照射部は、前記第1ガラス板の主面から前記第1ガラス板内に光を照射するように構成される、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の車両用ガラスユニット。 - 前記照射装置は、前記第1ガラス板の端面及び主面に対向して配置され、
前記複数の照射部は、前記第1ガラス板の端面及び主面の少なくとも一方から前記第1ガラス板内に光を照射するように構成される、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の車両用ガラスユニット。 - 前記第1ガラス板の前記第2方向における端面には、平面視において内側に凹む切り欠き部が形成されており、前記照射装置は、少なくとも部分的に前記切り欠き部内に設けられる、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の車両用ガラスユニット。
- 平面視において前記第1ガラス板と重なる第2ガラス板と、
前記第1ガラス板と前記第2ガラス板との間に設けられる中間層と、
を更に有する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の車両用ガラスユニット。 - 車両の天井に設けられる、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の車両用ガラスユニット。
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| DE112024001244.2T DE112024001244T5 (de) | 2023-03-14 | 2024-03-14 | Fahrzeugglaseinheit |
| CN202480018206.9A CN120813497A (zh) | 2023-03-14 | 2024-03-14 | 车辆用玻璃单元 |
| JP2025506922A JPWO2024190858A1 (ja) | 2023-03-14 | 2024-03-14 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008174132A (ja) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-31 | Ichikoh Ind Ltd | 車両用室内照明装置 |
| JP2018188055A (ja) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-29 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 照明装置及び車両 |
| JP2021061237A (ja) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-15 | Agc株式会社 | 照明体及び光源付き照明体 |
| CN113581066A (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-11-02 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | 发光组件及车辆 |
-
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- 2024-03-14 JP JP2025506922A patent/JPWO2024190858A1/ja active Pending
- 2024-03-14 CN CN202480018206.9A patent/CN120813497A/zh active Pending
- 2024-03-14 DE DE112024001244.2T patent/DE112024001244T5/de active Pending
- 2024-03-14 WO PCT/JP2024/009953 patent/WO2024190858A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008174132A (ja) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-31 | Ichikoh Ind Ltd | 車両用室内照明装置 |
| JP2018188055A (ja) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-29 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 照明装置及び車両 |
| JP2021061237A (ja) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-15 | Agc株式会社 | 照明体及び光源付き照明体 |
| CN113581066A (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-11-02 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | 发光组件及车辆 |
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| JPWO2024190858A1 (ja) | 2024-09-19 |
| DE112024001244T5 (de) | 2026-01-15 |
| CN120813497A (zh) | 2025-10-17 |
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