WO2024188773A1 - Verzahnungsbearbeitung durch wälzschälen, hartschälen oder wälzstossen, und entsprechendes verzahnungswerkzeug - Google Patents
Verzahnungsbearbeitung durch wälzschälen, hartschälen oder wälzstossen, und entsprechendes verzahnungswerkzeug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024188773A1 WO2024188773A1 PCT/EP2024/055908 EP2024055908W WO2024188773A1 WO 2024188773 A1 WO2024188773 A1 WO 2024188773A1 EP 2024055908 W EP2024055908 W EP 2024055908W WO 2024188773 A1 WO2024188773 A1 WO 2024188773A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- face
- tool
- profile
- cutting edge
- gear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
- B23F5/12—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting
- B23F5/16—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting the tool having a shape similar to that of a spur wheel or part thereof
- B23F5/163—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting the tool having a shape similar to that of a spur wheel or part thereof the tool and workpiece being in crossed axis arrangement, e.g. skiving, i.e. "Waelzschaelen"
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F21/04—Planing or slotting tools
- B23F21/10—Gear-shaper cutters having a shape similar to a spur wheel or part thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F21/12—Milling tools
- B23F21/122—Milling tools having a shape similar to that of a gear or part thereof, with cutting edges situated on the tooth contour lines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
- B23F5/20—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by milling
- B23F5/202—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by milling the tool having a shape similar to that of a gear or part thereof, with cutting edges situated on the tooth contour lines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of producing or machining at least one toothing on at least two workpieces by skiving, hard skiving or gear shaping, with a toothed tool in the form of a skiving wheel or shaping wheel, which has a cutting edge along a first and a second tooth flank of a tool tooth on a first end face,
- Gear skiving and gear shaping are soft machining processes, while hard skiving is a hard finishing process of a pre-cut hardened gear using the kinematics of gear skiving.
- all three processes are carried out using tools (shaping wheel or skiving wheel) with geometrically defined cutting edges.
- tools shapeing wheel or skiving wheel
- the cutting edges wear down through continuous processing.
- the tools are resharpened from time to time. For example, it is well known to resharpen them outside the machine and then coat them again.
- DE 10 2017 011 978 A1 describes that and how resharpening can also be done on the gear cutting machine itself.
- DE 102021 108 379 A1 addresses disposable gear skiving tools that are no longer used once their wear limit has been reached. These are designed as straight teeth with a symmetrical profile, and the basic shape of the tool is that of a cylindrical disk.
- DE 10 2017 114088 A1 also discloses symmetrical tools. From DE 10 2014008 475 A1 it is known to use the back of a skiving wheel as a tool for removing burrs. From DE 10 2012 012 617 A1 a feed strategy is known in which less tool wear is achieved by avoiding predominantly U-shaped chips.
- the invention is based on the object of improving methods of the type mentioned at the outset with regard to a favorable combination of flexibility with regard to feed strategy and tool design, satisfactory tool service life and high machining accuracy.
- Cutting edges are also formed on the second end face of the tool opposite the first end face, with which the gear machining of another of the at least two workpieces takes place, wherein on the second end face the profile of the cutting edge on the first tooth flank is equal to the profile of the cutting edge on the second tooth flank on the first end face and the profile of the cutting edge on the second tooth flank is equal to the profile of the cutting edge on the first tooth flank on the first end face.
- the method according to the invention enables a comparatively high machining accuracy and a satisfactorily simple machining, since minimal deviations in the machining result that would otherwise result from the machining position of the trailing and leading flanks are compensated for by an asymmetry of the cutting edge profiles on one end face, whereas the back of the tool can also be used for machining workpieces of the workpiece batch without having to calculate and set new machining and engagement positions due to the profile asymmetry, and this regardless of, for example, the helix angle (ß>0) of the tool toothing.
- the sign of the scalar product of the external normal to the first end face with the workpiece rotation axis when machining the first workpiece is the same as the sign of the scalar product of the external normal to the second end face with the workpiece rotation axis when machining the second workpiece.
- this could be achieved by re-clamping the tool with regard to its orientation on the tool spindle.
- this could be achieved by using the movement axes of a gear cutting machine.
- gear cutting machines are preferably considered which have three linear movement axes and at least one pivot axis, wherein the pivotability of a tool spindle carrying the tool exceeds 180°, preferably over 210°, in particular over 240°.
- the base circle of the tool toothing on its left flank differs from that on its right flank.
- the amount of the base circle diameter difference is greater than 0.03 mm, preferably than 0.04 mm, in particular than 0.05 mm, and more preferably less than 0.8 mm, more preferably than 0.7 mm, in particular than 0.6 mm. This provides particularly precise machining results.
- the base circle diameter for the right flank of the tool toothing is larger than that for the left flank of the tool toothing when a left-handed toothing is produced or machined, and vice versa for the production/machining of a right-handed toothing.
- work is carried out with an axis crossing angle of greater than 5°, in particular greater than 10°, and more preferably not greater than 40°, in particular not greater than 35°.
- the normal module of the tool is greater than 0.4 mm, more preferably than 0.6 mm, and in particular not greater than 4 mm, more preferably not greater than 3.5 mm. This provides particularly precise machining results.
- the tool has straight teeth.
- such a tool cannot be used to produce straight-toothed workpieces using skiving.
- the tool has helical teeth, with a step grind on both faces in particular, and the cutting surface profile in the circumferential direction is essentially parallel on both faces.
- HM hard metal material
- PM-HSS powder metallurgy
- the width of the tool toothing (tool dimension axial to the tool rotation axis) can be small, for example less than 1.8 cm, in particular less than 1.5 cm, even less than 1 cm. For sufficient rigidity, however, it is preferred that the toothing width of the tool toothing is at least 4 mm.
- the tool can have a coating that is more wear-resistant than its base material; in this regard, DE 10 2017 011 978 A1 is included by reference.
- the tool can be intended as a disposable tool.
- a double-cone shape can also be considered, in which the outer diameter is the same on both end faces, but tapers towards the axial tool center (where the axial tool center is the center between the two end faces).
- the invention provides a tool for producing or machining at least one toothing on at least two workpieces by skiving, hard skiving or gear shaping, which is essentially characterized in that the profile of the cutting edge on the first tooth flank on the first end face is formed asymmetrically to the profile of the cutting edge on the second tooth flank on the first end face and that cutting edges are also formed on the second end face of the tool opposite the first end face, wherein on the second end face the profile of the cutting edge on the first tooth flank is equal to the profile of the cutting edge on the second tooth flank on the first end face and the profile of the cutting edge on the second tooth flank is equal to the profile of the cutting edge on the first tooth flank on the first end face.
- the invention also provides a method for producing such a tool.
- a basic toothing is produced on the tool, which still has an allowance compared to the final tool geometry, and in a subsequent processing step the asymmetrical cutting edge profile is formed on one end face and the inversely asymmetrical processing profile is formed on the other end face.
- the invention also provides a gear cutting machine suitable and controlled for carrying out the method according to the invention, as well as a corresponding control program.
- Fig. 1 shows a peeling wheel in a perspective view
- Fig. 2 shows an enlarged view of a skiving wheel tooth with a schematically shown (exaggerated) asymmetrical profile
- Fig. 3 shows a variant of a double-cone design
- Fig. 4 shows a variant with double step grinding
- Figures 5A, 5B show machining operations.
- the skiving wheel 100 shown in Fig. 1 has a radially central through-opening 3, which can be used in a manner known to those skilled in the art for clamping the skiving wheel 100 on a tool spindle (not shown) of a gear cutting machine, and a plurality of teeth 4 radially on the outside.
- the skiving wheel 100 is fully toothed, i.e. there is a tooth 4 on each pitch.
- teeth could be omitted, i.e. not every pitch could be occupied by a tooth 4.
- the skiving wheel 100 has cutting edges 11, 12 on its first end face 10, wherein a first cutting edge 11 is formed on the edge between the first end face 10 and a first tooth flank 5 and a second tooth edge 12 on the edge between the first end face 10 and the second tooth flank 6 of a tool tooth 4.
- the skiving wheel 100 On its opposite second end face 20, the skiving wheel 100 also has cutting edges, namely cutting edges 21 and 22.
- the cutting edge 21 is formed on the edge between the second end face 20 and the first tooth flank 5, the other tooth edge 22 on the edge between the second end face 20 and the second tooth flank 6 of a skiving wheel tooth 4.
- asymmetry provided according to the invention between the cutting edges 11, 12 on the first end face 10 and 22, 21 on the second end face 20 is not yet visible from Fig. 1.
- the asymmetry is also so small that it would not actually be visible to the naked eye even in an enlarged representation such as in Fig. 2, and therefore a schematic asymmetry is shown clearly exaggeratedly large in the profiles P, Q of the cutting edges in Fig. 2. It can be seen from Fig. 2 on the first end face 10 how the profile P on the cutting edge on the first tooth flank 5 differs from the profile Q on the cutting edge on the second tooth flank 6.
- FIG. 5A shows the machining of a first workpiece toothing 201 by the skiving wheel 100.
- the typical axis cross angle Z between the rotation axes ⁇ 2 of a workpiece toothing 201 and ⁇ 1 of the tool can be seen.
- the toothing 201 is machined with the cutting edges on the first face 10 of the skiving wheel 100; the scalar product of its outer normal vector n 10 and the workpiece rotation axis is negative in the illustration shown.
- the illustration in Fig. 5B shows the machining intervention for producing an identical toothing 202, but of a different workpiece.
- the cutting edges intersect on the second face 20, whose outer normal vector also forms a negative scalar product with the rotation axis ⁇ 2 of the toothing 202.
- the skiving wheel 100 could be changed in its clamping orientation.
- a swivel axis of a gear cutting machine carrying out the machining which is also provided for setting the axis crossing angle Z, for example, could be swiveled by 180°, and the machining position could be set by linear axis adjustments, such as a superposition of a linear axis movement running along the workpiece rotation axis and a tangential axis movement running orthogonal to this and a radial axis (positioning axes).
- a larger batch of workpieces with identical gears 201, 202 is machined.
- a first number of workpieces are machined, as shown in Fig. 5A, and then a second number of workpieces are machined, as shown in Fig. 5B. Only then is the skiving wheel 100 replaced and, if necessary, resharpened on both of its front sides. If a cylindrical skiving wheel is used, as shown in Fig. 1, the
- 3 is the course of the outer diameter D, as it changes in a double cone shape over the width B of the skiving wheel 100.
- a straight-toothed tool as shown in Fig. 1 is no longer used, but a helical-toothed skiving wheel.
- the skiving wheel is ground in a step-grinding pattern on both front sides, with the step-grinding direction running parallel in the circumferential direction on the upper and lower front sides (Fig. 4).
- the other parameters of the tool are normal module m n -2.97, helix angle 20°, pressure angle 25° and number of teeth 51.
- a right-hand helical workpiece with a helix angle of 14° and a number of teeth of 84 is manufactured with a helical tool with a helix angle of 6° at an axis crossing angle of 20°.
- the skiving wheel has a module of 2.0, a pressure angle of 20° and 50 teeth.
- the asymmetry, expressed as a base circle diameter difference, is 0.055 mm here.
- a straight toothing is again produced, here with a number of teeth of 52, this time at an axis crossing angle of 15°.
- a skiving wheel with module 0.75 and helix angle 15° is used, with a pressure angle of 30° and 39 teeth.
- the asymmetry between the right and left flanks of the workpiece toothing, expressed as the base circle diameter difference, is 0.11 mm.
- a left-handed toothing with 59 teeth is produced.
- the base circle diameter on the left tool flank is larger than on the right tool flank with a difference of 0.15 mm
- the other tool data are module 1.3, pressure angle 20°, and it is a straight-toothed skiving wheel with 80 teeth.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gear Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020257026993A KR20250159153A (ko) | 2023-03-13 | 2024-03-06 | 호브 필링, 하드 필링 또는 기어 셰이핑에 의한 기어 가공, 및 대응하는 기어 절삭 공구 |
| CN202480017278.1A CN120826290A (zh) | 2023-03-13 | 2024-03-06 | 通过滚刀剥离、硬剥离或齿轮成形的齿轮加工以及对应的齿轮切削工具 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023000941.5 | 2023-03-13 | ||
| DE102023000941.5A DE102023000941A1 (de) | 2023-03-13 | 2023-03-13 | Verzahnungsbearbeitung durch wälzschälen, hartschälen oder wälzstossen, und entsprechendes verzahnungswerkzeug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024188773A1 true WO2024188773A1 (de) | 2024-09-19 |
Family
ID=90354492
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/055908 Pending WO2024188773A1 (de) | 2023-03-13 | 2024-03-06 | Verzahnungsbearbeitung durch wälzschälen, hartschälen oder wälzstossen, und entsprechendes verzahnungswerkzeug |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR20250159153A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120826290A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023000941A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024188773A1 (de) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012012617A1 (de) | 2012-06-19 | 2013-12-19 | Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Verzahnung und mit diesem Verfahren betreibbare Verzahnungsmaschine |
| DE102014008475A1 (de) | 2014-06-05 | 2015-12-17 | Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks. Werkzeuganordnung und Verzahnungsmaschine |
| US20150360307A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | Klingelnberg Ag | Method and device for the face-side chamfering of gear teeth of a workpiece |
| US20170173713A1 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2017-06-22 | Felsomat Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for skiving machining of a workpiece for production of a chamfer |
| DE102017114088A1 (de) | 2016-07-01 | 2018-01-04 | Jtekt Corporation | Zahnradschneidwerkzeug, zahnradbearbeitungsgerät und zahnradbearbeitungsverfahren |
| DE102017011978A1 (de) | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bearbeituung von Verzahnungen und Verzahnungsmaschine |
| DE102021108379A1 (de) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-06 | Präwema Antriebstechnik GmbH | Wälzschälwerkzeug und verfahren zum wälzschälbearbeiten eines zahnradrohlings |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1809868A (en) * | 1928-03-15 | 1931-06-16 | Oliver G Simmons | Gear shaped cutter and method of making same |
| DE1164798B (de) * | 1957-06-27 | 1964-03-05 | Giordano Romi | Verfahren, Vorrichtung und Werkzeug zum Abwaelzhobeln von Verzahnungen an Zahnraedern |
| DE102016113512A1 (de) * | 2016-07-21 | 2018-01-25 | Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Fertigung eines einsatzgehärteten Zahnrades, insbesondere mit einer Innenverzahnung |
| DE102021204220B3 (de) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-09-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zahnrädern mit einer Pfeilverzahnung |
-
2023
- 2023-03-13 DE DE102023000941.5A patent/DE102023000941A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-03-06 CN CN202480017278.1A patent/CN120826290A/zh active Pending
- 2024-03-06 KR KR1020257026993A patent/KR20250159153A/ko active Pending
- 2024-03-06 WO PCT/EP2024/055908 patent/WO2024188773A1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012012617A1 (de) | 2012-06-19 | 2013-12-19 | Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Verzahnung und mit diesem Verfahren betreibbare Verzahnungsmaschine |
| DE102014008475A1 (de) | 2014-06-05 | 2015-12-17 | Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks. Werkzeuganordnung und Verzahnungsmaschine |
| US20150360307A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2015-12-17 | Klingelnberg Ag | Method and device for the face-side chamfering of gear teeth of a workpiece |
| US20170173713A1 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2017-06-22 | Felsomat Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for skiving machining of a workpiece for production of a chamfer |
| DE102017114088A1 (de) | 2016-07-01 | 2018-01-04 | Jtekt Corporation | Zahnradschneidwerkzeug, zahnradbearbeitungsgerät und zahnradbearbeitungsverfahren |
| DE102017011978A1 (de) | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bearbeituung von Verzahnungen und Verzahnungsmaschine |
| DE102021108379A1 (de) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-06 | Präwema Antriebstechnik GmbH | Wälzschälwerkzeug und verfahren zum wälzschälbearbeiten eines zahnradrohlings |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120826290A (zh) | 2025-10-21 |
| KR20250159153A (ko) | 2025-11-10 |
| DE102023000941A1 (de) | 2024-09-19 |
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