WO2024187708A1 - 电池包及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池包及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024187708A1
WO2024187708A1 PCT/CN2023/118889 CN2023118889W WO2024187708A1 WO 2024187708 A1 WO2024187708 A1 WO 2024187708A1 CN 2023118889 W CN2023118889 W CN 2023118889W WO 2024187708 A1 WO2024187708 A1 WO 2024187708A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery pack
bottom wall
liquid cooling
explosion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/118889
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈浩男
徐校良
莫棋茵
钟家宝
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Sunwoda Mobility Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Sunwoda Mobility Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2024187708A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024187708A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to a battery pack and an electrical device.
  • Short driving range is one of the limiting factors in the development of electric vehicles. Improving battery energy density is the main technical path to solve the problem. To improve battery energy density, one requirement is to simplify the internal structure of the battery pack, that is, to free up more space in the battery pack for arranging batteries while keeping the space of the battery pack unchanged, thereby increasing the battery pack capacity and increasing the driving range of electric vehicles equipped with the battery pack.
  • the structure of the battery of the electric vehicle is simplified, and more batteries can be arranged in the vehicle, which helps to improve the vehicle's cruising range.
  • the partition is the upper plate of the battery pack or the bottom plate of the passenger compartment of the vehicle
  • the isolation strength and reliability between the two are somewhat insufficient.
  • the single cell of the existing battery its explosion-proof valve is usually set on the top side of the single cell, that is, after being installed on the vehicle, the explosion-proof valve is facing the passenger compartment of the vehicle. If the vehicle encounters a collision accident or an accident, when the single cell of the battery discharges toxic gas from the explosion-proof valve, the toxic gas will be sprayed directly toward the passenger compartment of the vehicle, causing harm to the passengers in the passenger compartment.
  • the present disclosure provides a battery pack, comprising:
  • the box body has a receiving cavity, and the receiving cavity has a bottom wall;
  • a battery unit is arranged in the accommodating cavity, the battery unit includes a plurality of single cells, the single cells include a mounting surface facing the bottom wall, and an explosion-proof valve is arranged on the mounting surface;
  • the distance between the explosion-proof valve and the bottom wall of the box body is L 5 mm
  • the orthographic projection area of the explosion-proof valve on the bottom wall is S 3 mm 2
  • the battery pack satisfies: 10 ⁇ S 3 /L 5 ⁇ 2000.
  • the battery pack satisfies: 200 ⁇ S 3 /L 5 ⁇ 800.
  • the battery pack satisfies: 100 ⁇ S 3 ⁇ 1000, 0.5 ⁇ L 5 ⁇ 10.
  • the battery pack satisfies: 600 ⁇ S 3 ⁇ 800, 1 ⁇ L 5 ⁇ 3.
  • a bottom support plate is provided between the battery unit and the bottom wall, the bottom support plate includes a first surface, a second surface and a protrusion, the first surface is arranged opposite to the second surface, the first surface is connected to the mounting surface of each of the single cells, the protrusion is provided on the second surface, and the second surface is connected to the bottom wall through the protrusion;
  • An air-conducting through hole is provided on the bottom support plate at a position corresponding to each explosion-proof valve, and the air-conducting through hole includes a first orifice and a second orifice that are connected and coaxial, the first orifice is provided on the first surface, and the second orifice is provided on the second surface.
  • the orthographic projection area of the first hole on the bottom wall is S 4
  • the orthographic projection area of the second hole on the bottom wall is S 5
  • the battery pack satisfies: S 3 ⁇ S 4 , S 3 ⁇ S 5 .
  • first liquid cooling plates are respectively attached to both sides of the battery unit along the second direction, and both ends of the first liquid cooling plate along the first direction are respectively connected to both side walls of the box body;
  • the battery unit includes a plurality of battery groups arranged along the second direction, a second liquid cooling plate is provided between two adjacent battery groups, both ends of the second liquid cooling plate along the first direction are respectively connected to both side walls of the box body opposite to each other along the first direction, the second liquid cooling plate is respectively attached to the two battery groups on both sides along the second direction, and the two battery groups are respectively attached to one of the first liquid cooling plates on the side away from the second liquid cooling plate.
  • each of the battery packs includes a plurality of single cells sequentially arranged along a first direction
  • the single cells include two first side walls oppositely arranged in the first direction and two second side walls oppositely arranged in the second direction, and in the same battery pack, the first side walls of the plurality of single cells are sequentially bonded along the first direction, the two second side walls of the single cells are respectively bonded to the first liquid cooling plate and the second liquid cooling plate, the surface area of the first side wall is S 1 mm 2 , the surface area of the second side wall is S 2 , and S 1 ⁇ S 2 .
  • a ratio of a height of the single battery to a length in the second direction is not less than 0.5.
  • protrusions are respectively provided at both ends of the limiting beam in the first direction, and insertion holes are provided on the box body at positions corresponding to the positions of the protrusions, and the protrusions are inserted into the insertion holes.
  • a dimension of the protrusion in the first direction does not exceed a dimension of the insertion hole in the first direction.
  • the present disclosure provides an electric device, which includes the above-mentioned battery pack.
  • the provided battery pack and power-consuming device have the following advantages compared with the prior art:
  • the battery pack sets an explosion-proof valve on the bottom side of the single cell.
  • the single cell discharges toxic gas due to collision by external force or abnormality due to high temperature, the toxic gas will be sprayed downward.
  • the battery pack in the present disclosure is installed on an electric vehicle, the single cell is usually installed below the passenger compartment of the vehicle, and the top side of the single cell faces the passenger compartment, and the bottom side of the single cell faces downward.
  • the single cell discharges toxic gas
  • the toxic gas is sprayed toward the ground, which can reduce the damage to the members in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the distance from the explosion-proof valve to the bottom wall of the box is L 5 mm
  • the positive projection area of the explosion-proof valve on the bottom wall of the box is S 3 mm 2.
  • the battery pack meets: 10 ⁇ S 3 /L 5 ⁇ 2000. When 10 ⁇ S 3 /L 5 ⁇ 2000, the spray valve pressure is relatively moderate, and the high-temperature gas of the spray valve is not easy to melt through the bottom wall of the box.
  • the electrical device includes the above-mentioned battery pack, which of course has the same beneficial effects as the above-mentioned battery pack and will not be described in detail.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in a battery pack in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack in a top view according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack in a side view according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a cooling plate for cooling the single cell 10 is usually arranged on the bottom side of the single cell 10, and an explosion-proof valve is arranged on the top side of the shell of the single cell.
  • an explosion-proof valve is arranged on the top side of the shell of the single cell.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure do not arrange a cooling plate for cooling the single battery on the bottom side of the single battery 10 , but set the explosion-proof valve 12 on the bottom side of the single battery 10 .
  • the battery pack includes a box body 20 and a battery unit.
  • the box body 20 includes a receiving cavity having a bottom wall; the battery unit is arranged in the box body 20, and the battery unit includes a plurality of single cells 10, each of which includes a mounting surface facing the bottom wall, and an explosion-proof valve 12 is arranged on the mounting surface of each single cell 10, wherein, as shown in FIG4 and FIG5 , the distance between the explosion-proof valve 12 and the bottom wall of the box body 20 is L 5 mm, and the orthographic projection area of the explosion-proof valve 21 on the bottom wall of the box body 20 is S 3 mm 2 , and the battery pack satisfies: 10 ⁇ S 3 /L 5 ⁇ 2000.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 can be installed at the bottom of the single battery 10 when the single battery 10 is impacted by external force.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 discharges toxic gases due to an abnormality such as collision or high temperature, the toxic gases will be ejected downward.
  • the battery pack in this embodiment is installed on an electric vehicle, the battery pack is usually installed below the passenger compartment of the vehicle, with the top side of the single battery 10 facing the passenger compartment and the bottom side of the single battery 10 facing downward.
  • the single battery 10 discharges toxic gases from the explosion-proof valve 12 the toxic gases will be ejected toward the ground, thereby reducing the damage to the members in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the distance value from the explosion-proof valve 12 to the bottom wall of the box body 20 is controlled to be 0.5 ⁇ L 5 ⁇ 10, so that the arrangement structure of the battery cells inside the battery pack is relatively compact.
  • the distance from the explosion-proof valve 12 to the bottom wall of the box body 20 can be controlled by setting a bottom support plate to fix the battery cells.
  • An exhaust hole is provided on the bottom support plate at a position corresponding to the position of the explosion-proof valve.
  • the distance from the explosion-proof valve 12 to the bottom wall of the box body 20 is controlled by adjusting the distance from the bracket to the bottom wall of the box body 20.
  • a bottom support plate (not shown in the figure) is provided between the battery unit and the bottom wall, and the bottom support plate includes a first surface, a second surface and a protrusion, the first surface is arranged opposite to the second surface, the first surface is connected to the mounting surface of each single battery 10, the protrusion is arranged on the second surface, and the second surface is connected to the bottom wall through the protrusion;
  • a gas through hole is provided on the bottom support plate at a position corresponding to the position of each explosion-proof valve, and the gas through hole includes a first orifice and a second orifice that are connected and coaxial, and coaxial here means that the first orifice and the second orifice have a common central axis in a first direction or a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first orifice is arranged on the first surface, and the second orifice is arranged on the second surface, and the high-temperature gas generated by the spray valve passes through the explosion-proof valve and the gas through hole in turn and acts
  • the orthographic projection area of the first orifice on the bottom wall is S 4
  • the orthographic projection area of the second orifice on the bottom wall is S 5
  • the battery pack satisfies: S 3 ⁇ S 4 , S 3 ⁇ S 5 , so as to avoid the air-conducting hole having an aperture that is too narrow to hinder the flow of gas.
  • S 4 ⁇ S 5 can be selected.
  • 200 ⁇ S 3 /L 5 ⁇ 800 In the embodiment, 200 ⁇ S 3 /L 5 ⁇ 800.
  • the instantaneous pressure peak of the high temperature gas acting on the bottom wall of the box body 20 is in a relatively gentle trend, and there will be no instantaneous pressure surge.
  • the size of the installation surface of each single battery 10 in the first direction is L 1 mm
  • the size of the explosion-proof valve 12 in the first direction is L 2 mm, satisfying: 0.3 ⁇ L 2 /L 1 ⁇ 0.8.
  • the explosion-proof valve 12 When L 2 /L 1 ⁇ 0.8, the explosion-proof valve 12 is relatively close to one side of the large aluminum shell of the single battery, and when the explosion-proof valve 12 is opened, the large aluminum shell of the single battery is easily deformed, thereby increasing the difficulty of welding;
  • the single cell 10 mentioned in the present disclosure may specifically be a square single cell, and may also be applied to other types of single cells if technically feasible.
  • the two ends of the first liquid cooling plate 21 along the first direction are respectively connected to the two side walls of the box body 20 arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, so that the first liquid cooling plate 21 can be firmly fixed.
  • the two sides of the battery unit along the second direction are respectively in contact with the first liquid cooling plate 21, and the battery unit can be cooled by heat exchange with the help of the first liquid cooling plate 21.
  • first liquid cooling plates 21 are respectively attached to both sides of the battery unit along the second direction, and both ends of the first liquid cooling plate 21 along the first direction are respectively connected to the two side walls of the box body 20, and the battery unit includes two battery groups arranged along the second direction, and a second liquid cooling plate 22 is provided between the two battery groups, and both ends of the second liquid cooling plate 22 along the first direction are respectively connected to the two side walls of the box body 20 arranged oppositely along the first direction, and the second liquid cooling plate 22 is respectively attached to the two battery groups on both sides along the second direction, and the two battery groups are respectively attached to one first liquid cooling plate 21 on one side away from the second liquid cooling plate 22.
  • the number of battery groups included in each battery unit may also be multiple, which is not limited here. Certainly.
  • the two ends of the second liquid cooling plate 22 along the first direction are respectively connected to the two side walls of the box body 20 that are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, so that the second liquid cooling plate 22 can be firmly fixed.
  • the second liquid cooling plate 22 is arranged between the two battery packs, so that for each battery pack in a battery unit, it has a first liquid cooling plate 21 on one side in the second direction and a second liquid cooling plate 22 on the other side in the second direction, so that heat exchange can be performed with the first liquid cooling plate 21 and the second liquid cooling plate 22 on both sides at the same time, which helps to obtain a better cooling effect.
  • each battery pack includes a plurality of single cells 10 sequentially arranged along a first direction
  • the single cell 10 includes two first side walls arranged opposite to each other in the first direction and two second side walls arranged opposite to each other in the second direction.
  • the first side walls of the plurality of single cells 10 are sequentially fitted together along the first direction
  • the two second side walls of the single cell 10 are respectively fitted together with the first liquid cooling plate 21 and the second liquid cooling plate 22.
  • the surface area of the first side wall is S 1 mm 2
  • the surface area of the second side wall is S 2 mm 2 , satisfying S 1 ⁇ S 2 .
  • a plurality of single cells 10 in each battery pack are arranged along the first direction, and each single cell 10 has two second side walls, which face the first liquid cooling plate 21 and the second liquid cooling plate 22 respectively, and are in contact with the first liquid cooling plate 21 and the second liquid cooling plate 22 to perform heat exchange.
  • the surface area S 2 of the second side wall of the single cell 10 for contacting the first liquid cooling plate 21 or the second liquid cooling plate 22 is smaller than the surface area S 1 of the first side wall in contact between two adjacent single cells 10.
  • a ratio of the height of the unit battery 10 to the length in the second direction is not less than 0.5.
  • the maximum area of heat exchange between the single cells 10 in the battery pack by the first liquid cooling plate 21 and the second liquid cooling plate 22 is equal to the maximum area of heat exchange between the single cells by the cooling plate provided on the bottom side of the single cell in the prior art (assuming that it is equal to the surface area of the bottom side of the single cell).
  • the maximum area of heat exchange between the first liquid cooling plate 21 and the second liquid cooling plate 22 on both sides of a battery pack and the single cells in the battery pack is larger than the maximum area of heat exchange between the single cells and the cooling plate arranged on the bottom side of the single cells in the prior art. Therefore, in the battery pack of this embodiment, the first liquid cooling plate 21 and the second liquid cooling plate 22 can achieve a better heat exchange effect on the single cells 10.
  • a thermally conductive adhesive layer is provided between the battery unit and the first liquid cooling plate 21.
  • the thermally conductive adhesive is provided to connect the first liquid cooling plate 21 and the single battery, there is no need to provide a side plate insulating sheet between the side plate and the single battery as in the prior art.
  • a thermally conductive adhesive layer can also be provided between the second liquid cooling plate 22 and the single battery of the battery unit to obtain the same beneficial effects.
  • a plurality of battery cells are provided, and the plurality of battery cells are arranged in sequence along the second direction.
  • a limiting beam 23 is provided between two adjacent battery cells, and the limiting beam 23 is respectively attached to one of the first liquid cooling plates 21 on both sides in the second direction, and the limiting beam 23 is connected to the box body at both ends in the first direction.
  • the limiting beam 23 is provided to strengthen the structural strength of the box 20 and reduce the possibility of deformation of the box 20 due to external forces.
  • the limiting beam 23 can also be used to fit and fix the first liquid cooling plate 21.
  • protrusions are respectively provided at both ends of the limiting beam 23 in the first direction, and a plug hole is provided on the box body 20 at a position corresponding to the position of the protrusion, and the protrusion is plugged into the above-mentioned plug hole.
  • This arrangement can conveniently assemble the limiting beam 23 and the box body 20 together through concave-convex plug-in matching. Specifically, the size of the protrusion in the first direction does not exceed the size of the plug hole in the first direction. This arrangement ensures that the protrusion does not protrude from the box body 20 in the first direction.
  • the single cell 10 further includes a pole 11, which is disposed on the same side as the explosion-proof valve 12, and is also disposed on the mounting surface of the single cell 10, and the pole 11 is spaced apart from the explosion-proof valve 12.
  • the pole 11 includes a positive pole 11a and a negative pole 11b.
  • the pole 11 and the explosion-proof valve 12 are disposed together on the bottom side of the single cell 10.
  • the size of the installation surface of each single battery 10 in the second direction is L 3 mm
  • the size of the explosion-proof valve 12 in the second direction is L 4 mm, satisfying: 0.2 ⁇ L 3 /L 4 ⁇ 0.5.
  • L 3 /L 4 ⁇ 0.2 it will cause Excessive pressure of the blow-off valve will damage the top wall of the single cell housing.
  • the electric device includes the battery pack described in the above embodiment.
  • the electrical device in this embodiment may specifically be an electric vehicle, which refers to various vehicles having a battery pack and capable of being driven by the power provided by the battery pack, including pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, non-plug-in hybrid vehicles, etc., but not limited to pure electric vehicles.
  • an electric vehicle which refers to various vehicles having a battery pack and capable of being driven by the power provided by the battery pack, including pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, non-plug-in hybrid vehicles, etc., but not limited to pure electric vehicles.
  • the electrical device in this embodiment includes the above-mentioned battery pack, which of course has the same beneficial effects as the above-mentioned battery pack and will not be described in detail.
  • the size measurement can be carried out by using a vernier caliper or an electronic measuring device, and a two-dimensional measuring instrument is used to measure the distance between the explosion-proof valve 21 and the bottom wall of the box body 20 to specifically illustrate the size measurement method as follows:
  • the area can be measured by using an image scanning device. First, the single battery is removed, and then the area of the bottom wall of the box body 20 facing the explosion-proof valve 21 can be scanned by the image scanning device.
  • the orthographic projection area value of the explosion-proof valve 21 facing the bottom wall of the box body 20 can be measured by an image processing method.
  • the average value of the displayed values after 5-10 cycles is the orthographic projection area S 3 mm 2 of the explosion-proof valve 21 on the bottom wall of the box body 20.

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Abstract

电池包及用电装置，其中，电池包包括：箱体，具有容纳腔，所述容纳腔具有底壁；电池单元，设于所述容纳腔，所述电池单元包括多个单体电池，所述单体电池包括面向所述底壁的安装面，所述安装面上设有防爆阀；其中，所述防爆阀到所述底壁间距为L 5mm，所述防爆阀在所述底壁上的正投影面积为S 3mm 2，所述电池包满足：10＜S 3/L 5＜2000。

Description

电池包及用电装置
相关申请的引用
本公开要求于2023年3月15日向中华人民共和国国家知识产权局提交的申请号为202320579773.4、名称为“电池包及用电装置”的实用新型专利申请的全部权益，并通过引用的方式将其全部内容并入本文。
领域
本公开涉及电池的技术领域，尤其涉及电池包及用电装置。
背景
续航距离短是电动汽车发展的限制性因素之一，提高电池能量密度是解决电动汽车的续航距离短的主要技术路径。而提升电池的能量密度，一个方面的要求就是简化电池包的内部结构，也即是，在电池包的空间不变的情况下，在电池包中腾出更多的空间用来布置电池，从而增加电池包容量，使搭载电池包的电动车辆的续航距离增加。
例如在CTB(cell to body)的技术方案中，其简化了电动汽车的电池的结构，能够在车辆中布置更多的电池，有助于提高车辆的续航距离。但在CTB的技术方案中，在单体电池和车辆的乘员舱之间仅有一个隔板(该隔板表现为电池包的上板或者车辆乘员舱的底板)，二者之间的隔离强度和可靠性存在一定的不足。特别是对于现有电池的单体电池，其防爆阀通常设置在单体电池的顶侧，也即是在安装到车辆上之后，防爆阀是朝向车辆的乘员舱的。如果车辆遭遇到碰撞事故等情况或者发生意外时，电池的单体电池从防爆阀排出有毒气体时，该有毒气体会直接朝向车辆的乘员舱喷出，对乘员舱内的乘客造成危害。
概述
一方面，本公开提供电池包，其包括：
箱体，具有容纳腔，所述容纳腔具有底壁；
电池单元，设于所述容纳腔，所述电池单元包括多个单体电池，所述单体电池包括面向所述底壁的安装面，所述安装面上设有防爆阀；
其中，所述防爆阀到所述箱体的底壁间距为L5mm，所述防爆阀在所述底壁上的正投影面积为S3mm2，所述电池包满足：10＜S3/L5＜2000。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，所述电池包满足：200＜S3/L5＜800。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，所述电池包满足：100＜S3＜1000，0.5＜L5＜10。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，所述电池包满足：600＜S3＜800，1＜L5＜3。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，所述电池单元与所述底壁之间设有底托板，所述底托板包括第一面、第二面和凸起，所述第一面与所述第二面相对设置，所述第一面与每个所述单体电池的安装面连接，所述凸起设于所述第二面上，且所述第二面通过所述凸起与所述底壁连接；
所述底托板上与每个所述防爆阀的位置对应处设有导气通孔，所述导气通孔包括相连通且同轴的第一孔口和第二孔口，所述第一孔口设于所述第一面上，所述第二孔口设于所述第二面上。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，所述第一孔口在所述底壁上的正投影面积为S4，所述第二孔口在所述底壁上的正投影面积为S5，所述电池包满足：S3≤S4，S3≤S5。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，所述电池单元沿第二方向的两侧分别贴设有第一液冷板，所述第一液冷板沿第一方向的两端分别与所述箱体的两侧壁连接；所述电池单元包括沿第二方向排布的多个电池组，相邻的两个所述电池组之间设有第二液冷板，所述第二液冷板沿第一方向的两端分别与所述箱体沿第一方向相对设置的两侧壁连接，所述第二液冷板沿第二方向的两侧分别与两个所述电池组贴合设置，两个所述电池组远离所述第二液冷板一侧分别与一个所述第一液冷板贴合设置。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，每个所述电池组包括多个沿第一方向依次设置的单体电池，所述单体电池包括在第一方向上相对设置的两个第一侧壁和第二方向上相对设置的两个第二侧壁，在同一个所述电池组中，沿第一方向多个所述单体电池的第一侧壁依次贴合设置，所述单体电池的两个所述第二侧壁分别与所述第一液冷板和所述第二液冷板贴合设置，所述第一侧壁的表面积为S1mm2，所述第二侧壁的表面积为S2，满足S1≥S2。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，所述单体电池的高度和在所述第二方向上的长度的比值不小于0.5。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，所述电池单元设有多个，多个所述电池单元沿第二方 向依次排布，相邻的两个所述电池单元之间设有一个限位梁，所述限位梁在第二方向上的两侧分别贴合一个所述第一液冷板，所述限位梁在第一方向上的两端与所述箱体连接。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，所述限位梁在第一方向上的两端分别设有凸起，所述箱体上与所述凸起的位置对应处设有插孔，所述凸起插接于所述插孔中。
在本公开的某些实施方式中，所述凸起在第一方向上的尺寸不超过所述插孔在第一方向上的尺寸。
另一方面，本公开提供用电装置，其包括上述的电池包。
本公开的某些实施方式中，提供的电池包及用电装置与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
电池包通过将防爆阀设置在单体电池的底侧，在单体电池因受到外力作用的碰撞或者因高温等情况出现异常而发生向外排出有毒气体时，这些有毒气体会向下喷出。在将本公开中的电池包安装到电动车辆上时，单体电池通常安装在车辆的乘员舱的下方，且单体电池的顶侧朝向乘员舱，单体电池的底侧朝下，在单体电池出现向外排出有毒气体时，这些有毒气体朝向地面喷出，这样就可以减小对车辆的乘员舱内的成员的损害，防爆阀到箱体的底壁间距为L5mm，防爆阀在箱体的底壁上的正投影面积为S3mm2，电池包满足：10＜S3/L5＜2000，当10＜S3/L5＜2000时喷阀压力相对适中，喷阀的高温气体不易熔穿箱体的底壁。
本公开的某些实施方式中，用电装置包括上述的电池包，当然地具有与上述的电池包一致的有益效果，不再赘述。
附图的简要说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本公开的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本公开一实施例中的电池包中的单体电池的结构示意图；
图2为本公开一实施例中的电池包的结构示意图；
图3为本公开一实施例中的电池包的结构示意图；
图4为本公开一实施例中电池包在俯视方向上的示意图；
图5为本公开一实施例中电池包在侧视方向上的示意图；
图6为本公开一实施例中一个电池组的示意图。
图中：
10-壳体；11-极柱；11a-正极柱；11b-负极柱；12-防爆阀；
20-箱体；21-第一液冷板；22-第二液冷板；23-限位梁。
详述
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
下面结合附图对本公开提供的电池包及用电装置的实施例进行说明。
本公开的发明人发现，现有的电池包中，通常在单体电池10的底侧布置用于对单体电池进行冷却的冷却板，在单体电池的壳体的顶侧布置防爆阀。以安装有上述电池包的车辆为例，其在实际中会出现以下的技术问题：当电池包中的单体电池发生意外而从防爆阀向外排出有毒气体时，由于单体电池10的顶侧及设置在顶侧的防爆阀是朝向车辆的乘员舱的，这些从单体电池排出的气体从防爆阀喷出后就会迅速向乘员舱扩散，这就会给车辆乘员舱内的乘客带来损害的风险。
基于以上的发现，本公开的发明人在本公开的技术方案中，不在单体电池10的底侧布置用于对单体电池进行冷却的冷却板，而是将防爆阀12设置在单体电池10的底侧。
在本公开的单体电池的一个实施例中，参看图1，电池包包括箱体20和电池单元。其中，箱体20包括容置腔，容纳腔具有底壁；电池单元设于箱体20内，电池单元包括多个单体电池10，每个单体电池10包括面向所述底壁的安装面，单体电池10的安装面上均设有防爆阀12，其中，如图4和图5所示，防爆阀12到箱体20的底壁间距为L5mm，防爆阀21在箱体20的底壁上的正投影面积为S3mm2，电池包满足：10＜S3/L5＜2000。
通过将防爆阀12设置在单体电池10的底侧，在单体电池10因受到外力作用的碰 撞或者因高温等情况出现异常而发生从防爆阀12向外排出有毒气体时，这些有毒气体会向下喷出。在将本实施例中的电池包安装到电动车辆上时，电池包通常安装在车辆的乘员舱的下方，且单体电池10的顶侧朝向乘员舱，单体电池10的底侧朝下，在单体电池10出现从防爆阀12向外排出有毒气体时，这些有毒气体朝向地面喷出，这样就可以减小对车辆的乘员舱内的成员的损害。
防爆阀21在箱体20的底壁上的正投影面积越大，喷阀时压力越小，在相同喷阀压力下防爆阀12距箱体20的底壁距离越大，喷阀高温气体对底板影响越小，反之亦然，距离过小，气压过大，喷阀的高温气体有可能熔穿箱体20的底壁，因此需要考虑防爆阀12的面积和防爆阀12到箱体的底壁间距这两个参数：
当10＜S3/L5＜2000时喷阀压力相对适中，喷阀的高温气体不易熔穿箱体20的底壁；
当S3/L5≤10时喷阀压力相对偏大，喷阀的高温气体冲击箱体20底壁的作用力很大，底壁变形鼓包或熔穿的概率增加；
当S3/L5≥2000时防爆阀12到箱体20底壁间距相对偏小，防爆阀12喷阀的高温气体的排气速率相对较慢，高温气体回流进单体电池10内部的概率增加。
因此，10＜S3/L5＜2000时在电池包内部的单体电池出现热失控喷阀时，喷阀压力相对适中，喷阀的高温气体不易熔穿箱体的底壁，相对安全性更高。
在实施例中，100＜S3＜1000；0.5＜L5＜10，在考虑到单体电池10的尺寸极限和爆阀压力的情况下，防爆阀12在箱体20的底壁上的正投影面积值满足100＜S3＜1000时，防爆阀12的爆阀压力适中，考虑到节约电池包的使用空间因此防爆阀12到箱体20的底壁间距值控制在0.5＜L5＜10使电池单元在电池包内部的排列结构相对紧凑，防爆阀12到箱体20的底壁间距的控制可以通过设置底托板来固定电池单元，底托板上与防爆阀的位置对应处设有排气孔，通过调节托架到箱体20的底壁的距离来控制防爆阀12到箱体20的底壁间距。
具体地，电池单元与底壁之间设有底托板(图中未示出)，底托板包括第一面、第二面和凸起，第一面与第二面相对设置，第一面与每个单体电池10的安装面连接，凸起设于第二面上，且第二面通过所述凸起与底壁连接；底托板上与每个防爆阀的位置对应处设有导气通孔，导气通孔包括相连通且同轴的第一孔口和第二孔口，这里同轴指的是第一孔口和第二孔口在垂直第一方向或第二方向共中心轴线，第一孔口设于第一面上，第二孔口设于第二面上，喷阀产生的高温气体依次经由防爆阀、导气通孔后作用在 箱体底壁上，凸起与底壁形成的间隙用于作为排气通道。
在实施例中，第一孔口在底壁上的正投影面积为S4，第二孔口在底壁上的正投影面积为S5，电池包满足：S3≤S4，S3≤S5，避免导气通孔的口径过窄阻碍气体的流通，进一步的可以选择S4＜S5，喷阀的高温气体在从导气通孔朝向底壁时由于口径的呈趋势增大可以减小高温气体作用在底壁上的瞬时作用力。
在实施例中，200＜S3/L5＜800，在喷阀时，高温气体作用在箱体20底壁上的瞬时压力峰值处于一个相对平缓的趋势，不会产生瞬时压力陡增的情况，具体地，600＜S3＜800，1＜L5＜3。
在实施例中，每个单体电池10的安装面在第一方向的尺寸为L1mm，防爆阀12在第一方向的尺寸为L2mm，满足：0.3＜L2/L1＜0.8。
当L2/L1≤0.3时，防爆阀12在第一方向的尺寸过窄，喷阀压力过大，会增加喷阀压是损坏顶盖的几率；
当L2/L1≥0.8时，防爆阀12与单体电池大面铝壳侧一侧距离相对较近，进而当防爆阀12被冲开时单体电池大面铝壳侧易发生变形从而增大焊接难度；
当0.3＜L2/L1＜0.8时，防爆阀12与单体电池10大面铝壳侧一侧距离相对适中，因此喷阀压力也相对适中，当防爆阀12被冲开时单体电池10大面铝壳侧易发生变形几率小。
需要提到的是，本公开中所提及的单体电池10具体可以为方形单体电池，在技术可行的前提下，还可以应用到其他类型的单体电池中。
在本公开的某些实施例中，第一液冷板21沿第一方向的两端分别与箱体20沿第一方向相对设置的两侧壁连接，这样设置可以将第一液冷板21进行稳固的固定。而电池单元沿第二方向的两侧分别与第一液冷板21接触，借助于第一液冷板21就可以以热交换的方式对电池单元进行冷却。
在本公开的某些实施例中，电池单元沿第二方向的两侧分别贴设有第一液冷板21，第一液冷板21沿第一方向的两端分别与箱体20的两侧壁连接，电池单元包括沿第二方向排布的两个电池组，两个电池组之间设有第二液冷板22，第二液冷板22沿第一方向的两端分别与箱体20沿第一方向相对设置的两侧壁连接，第二液冷板22沿第二方向的两侧分别与两个电池组贴合设置，两个电池组远离第二液冷板22一侧分别与一个第一液冷板21贴合设置，当然每个电池单元包括的电池组数量也可以为多个，这里不作限 定。
在本公开的某些实施例中，首先，第二液冷板22沿第一方向的两端分别与箱体20沿第一方向相对设置的两侧壁连接，这样可以将第二液冷板22稳固的固定。其次，将第二液冷板22设置在两个电池组之间，这样对于一个电池单元内的每个电池组而言，其在第二方向上的一侧具有第一液冷板21，在第二方向上的另一侧具有第二液冷板22，从而可以同时与位于两侧的第一液冷板21和第二液冷板22进行热交换，有助于获得更好的冷却效果。
在本公开的某些实施例中，每个电池组包括多个沿第一方向依次设置的单体电池10，单体电池10包括在第一方向上相对设置的两个第一侧壁和第二方向上相对设置的两个第二侧壁，在同一个电池组中，沿第一方向多个所述单体电池10的第一侧壁依次贴合设置，单体电池10的两个第二侧壁分别与第一液冷板21和第二液冷板22贴合设置，如图6所示，第一侧壁的表面积为S1mm2，第二侧壁的表面积为S2mm2，满足S1≥S2。
在本公开的某些实施例中，其一，每个电池组中的多个单体电池10沿第一方向设置，每个单体电池10具有两个第二侧壁，该两个第二侧壁分别朝向第一液冷板21和第二液冷板22，并与第一液冷板21和第二液冷板22接触并进行热交换。其二，单体电池10的用于与第一液冷板21或第二液冷板22接触的第二侧壁的表面积S2小于相邻的两个单体电池10之间的接触的第一侧壁的表面积S1，这样设置使每个单体电池10在第一方向上所占用的空间较小，从而在每个电池组中就可以包括数量更多的单体电池，有助于增大电池组以及电池包所能储存的电量。
在本公开的某些实施例中，单体电池10的高度和在第二方向上的长度的比值不小于0.5。
在该实施例中，以方形单体电池为例，单体电池10的在Z向(竖直方向)上的高度等于单体电池10在第二方向上的长度的一半时，单体电池10的两个第二侧壁的表面积之和等同于单体电池10的底侧的表面积。此时，在每个电池组在第二方向的两侧分别设置有第一液冷板21和第二液冷板22的情况下，第一液冷板21和第二液冷板22对该电池组内的单体电池10发生热交换的最大面积(假设其等同于单体电池的两个第二侧壁的表面积之和)，与现有技术中设置在单体电池的底侧的冷却板对单体电池进行热交换的最大面积(假设其等同于单体电池的底侧的表面积)相等。
而在单体电池10的在Z向上的高度大于单体电池10在第二方向上的长度的一半时， 同样的条件下，一个电池组两侧的第一液冷板21和第二液冷板22对该电池组内的单体电池发生热交换的最大面积，就大于与现有技术中设置在单体电池的底侧的冷却板对单体电池进行热交换的最大面积，因此本实施例的电池包中，第一液冷板21和第二液冷板22就可以对单体电池10实现更好的热交换效果。
在本公开的某些实施例中，电池单元与第一液冷板21之间设有导热胶层。通过导热胶将第一液冷板21和电池单元的单体电池粘接，且传导热量，可以增加第一液冷板21和单体电池之间进行热交换的面积，加强对单体电池的热管理的效果。而且，在设置了导热胶将第一液冷板21和单体电池连接之后，还无需像现有技术中在侧板和单体电池之间设置侧板绝缘片，实际上相比现有技术减少了电池包所需要的零件数量，从而可以降低装配难度。在第二液冷板22和电池单元的单体电池之间也可以同样设置导热胶层，并获得相同的有益效果。
在本公开的某些实施例中，电池单元设有多个，多个电池单元沿第二方向依次排布，相邻的两个电池单元之间设有一个限位梁23，限位梁23在第二方向上的两侧分别贴合一个所述第一液冷板21，限位梁23在第一方向上的两端与所述箱体连接。
在本公开的某些实施例中，设置限位梁23，可以加强箱体20的结构强度，减小箱体20因受到外力的作用而发生变形的可能性。并且，在设置限位梁23之后，还可以用于贴合固定第一液冷板21。
在本公开的某些实施例中，限位梁23在第一方向上的两端分别设有凸起，箱体20上与凸起的位置对应处设有插孔，凸起插接于上述插孔中。这样设置可以通过凹凸插接配合方便地将限位梁23与箱体20组合装配在一起。具体地，凸起在第一方向上的尺寸不超过插孔在第一方向上的尺寸。这样设置使凸起在第一方向上并不从箱体20内露出。
在本公开的某些实施例中，单体电池10还包括极柱11，极柱11与防爆阀12同侧设置，极柱11也设置在单体电池10的安装面上，并且极柱11与防爆阀12间隔设置。具体地，极柱11包括正极柱11a和负极柱11b。易言之，极柱11和防爆阀12共同设置在单体电池10的底侧。在该实施例中，在电池包中的单体电池因出现意外情况而从极柱11发生起火时，所引起的燃烧是在单体电池10的底侧；在将本实施例中的电池包安装到电动车辆上时，不会直接燃烧车辆的乘员舱，这样就可以减小对车辆的乘员舱内的乘客的损害，在优选实施例中，每个单体电池10的安装面在第二方向的尺寸为L3mm，防爆阀12在第二方向的尺寸为L4mm，满足：0.2＜L3/L4＜0.5，当L3/L4≤0.2时，会造 成喷阀压力过大损害单体电池壳体的顶壁，当0.5≤L3/L4时，会影响极柱设置位置，当防爆阀设置在正负极柱间的时，可能会产生干涉，为了杜绝上述情况，因此给出了0.2＜L3/L4＜0.5的设计要求。
在本公开的用电装置的一个实施例中，用电装置包括上述实施例中所描述的电池包。
本实施例中的用电装置具体可以为电动车辆，该电动车辆是指具有电池包，且能够根据电池包提供的电量驱动行走的各种车辆，其包括纯电动车辆、插电混动汽车、非插电混动汽车等，并不限于纯电动车辆。
本实施例中的用电装置，其包括上述的电池包，当然地具有与上述的电池包一致的有益效果，不再赘述。
在本公开的某些实施例中，关于尺寸的测量可以借助游标卡尺或者电子测量设备，以二次元测量仪测量防爆阀21到箱体20的底壁间距来具体说明下尺寸测量方法：
1.在箱体上合适位置开口，直至使得单体电池10底部和箱体20底壁出现在视野范围内。
2.打开测试软件后，接着打开总电源开关，然后再打开轮廓光源亮度调节旋钮、表面光源亮度调节旋钮，光源亮度调节至可以清晰的看到单体电池10和箱体20。
3.测量时，必须将单体电池10和箱体20进行平行基准校正，以电脑测量显示屏界面的“十”坐标为基准进行校准。
4.转动X、Y轴传动手轮，将单体电池10的安装面上要测量的起点位置(移动至软体“十”字坐标中心处，当“十”字坐标颜色由红色闪烁成蓝色后，按“X、Y、Z轴”清零按钮清零，选择测量工具，然后再转动X、Y轴传动手轮，将“十”字坐标移至需测量的位置(箱体20底壁上与起点在“十”坐标中共Y轴线的点)，进行取点测量，循环5-10次的显示的值取平均值即为防爆阀12到箱体20的底壁间距L5。
在本公开的某些实施例中，关于面积的测量，可以借助图像扫描装置，首先拆出单体电池，然后用图像扫描装置扫描防爆阀21正对箱体20的底壁的区域，通过图像处理方法可以测得防爆阀21正对箱体20的底壁上的正投影面积值，循环5-10次的显示的值取平均值即为防爆阀21在箱体20的底壁上的正投影面积S3mm2。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操 作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅是本公开的具体实施方式，使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本公开。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本公开的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本公开将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所申请的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 电池包，其包括：
    箱体，具有容纳腔，所述容纳腔具有底壁；
    电池单元，设于所述容纳腔，所述电池单元包括多个单体电池，所述单体电池包括面向所述底壁的安装面，所述安装面上设有防爆阀；
    其中，所述防爆阀到所述底壁间距为L5mm，所述防爆阀在所述底壁上的正投影面积为S3mm2，所述电池包满足：
    10＜S3/L5＜2000。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池包，其中，所述电池包满足：
    200＜S3/L5＜800。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的电池包，其中，所述电池包满足：
    100＜S3＜1000，0.5＜L5＜10。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电池包，其中，所述电池包满足：
    600＜S3＜800，1＜L5＜3。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任一权利要求所述的电池包，其中，所述电池单元与所述底壁之间设有底托板，所述底托板包括第一面、第二面和凸起，所述第一面与所述第二面相对设置，所述第一面与每个所述单体电池的安装面连接，所述凸起设于所述第二面上，且所述第二面通过所述凸起与所述底壁连接；
    所述底托板上与每个所述防爆阀的位置对应处设有导气通孔，所述导气通孔包括相连通且同轴的第一孔口和第二孔口，所述第一孔口设于所述第一面上，所述第二孔口设于所述第二面上。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池包，其中，所述第一孔口在所述底壁上的正投影面积为S4，所述第二孔口在所述底壁上的正投影面积为S5，所述电池包满足：
    S3≤S4，S3≤S5。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的电池包，其中，所述电池单元沿第二方向的两侧分别贴设有第一液冷板，所述第一液冷板沿第一方向的两端分别与所述箱体的两侧壁连接；
    所述电池单元包括沿第二方向排布的多个电池组，相邻的两个所述电池组之间设有第二液冷板，所述第二液冷板沿第一方向的两端分别与所述箱体沿第一方向相对设置的两侧壁连接，所述第二液冷板沿第二方向的两侧分别与两个所述电池组贴合设置。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电池包，其中，每个所述电池组包括多个沿第一方向依次设置的单体电池，所述单体电池包括在第一方向上相对设置的两个第一侧壁和第二方向上相对设置的两个第二侧壁，在同一个所述电池组中，沿第一方向多个所述单体电池的第一侧壁依次贴合设置，所述单体电池的两个所述第二侧壁分别与所述第一液冷板和所述第二液冷板贴合设置，所述第一侧壁的表面积为S1mm2，所述第二侧壁的表面积为S2mm2，所述单体电池满足：S1≥S2。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池包，其中，所述单体电池的高度和在所述第二方向上的长度的比值不小于0.5。
  10. 如权利要求1至9中任一权利要求所述的电池包，其中，所述电池单元设有多个，多个所述电池单元沿第二方向依次排布，相邻的两个所述电池单元之间设有一个限位梁，所述限位梁在第二方向上的两侧分别贴合一个所述第一液冷板，所述限位梁在第一方向上的两端与所述箱体连接。
  11. 用电装置，其包括权利要求1至9中任一权利要求所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2023/118889 2023-03-15 2023-09-14 电池包及用电装置 Ceased WO2024187708A1 (zh)

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