WO2024157867A1 - 車両用窓ガラス - Google Patents

車両用窓ガラス Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024157867A1
WO2024157867A1 PCT/JP2024/001235 JP2024001235W WO2024157867A1 WO 2024157867 A1 WO2024157867 A1 WO 2024157867A1 JP 2024001235 W JP2024001235 W JP 2024001235W WO 2024157867 A1 WO2024157867 A1 WO 2024157867A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass plate
glass
vehicle
plane
window glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2024/001235
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
稔貴 佐山
彰一 竹内
英明 東海林
和也 松本
友祐 加藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGC Inc
Original Assignee
Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Glass Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Priority to JP2024573007A priority Critical patent/JPWO2024157867A1/ja
Publication of WO2024157867A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024157867A1/ja
Priority to US19/269,959 priority patent/US20250340101A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/18—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle rear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/002—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor with means for clear vision, e.g. anti-frost or defog panes, rain shields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/20—Accessories, e.g. wind deflectors, blinds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/22—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures functioning also as polarisation filter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to vehicle window glass.
  • vehicle window glass that has multiple wires arranged on a glass sheet (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the present disclosure provides a vehicle window glass that includes a glass plate having a plurality of linear conductors and that can ensure the transmittance of radio waves through the glass plate.
  • a vehicle window glass includes: a glass plate having a major surface; a plurality of linear conductors provided on the glass plate, extending in a first direction along the main surface and spaced apart in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; A direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction is defined as a third direction, a plane including the second direction and the third direction is defined as a first plane, a direction in which a radio wave having a component in which an electric field oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the first plane travels along the first plane is defined as a first traveling direction, an angle between the first traveling direction and the third direction is defined as ⁇ , and an effective relative dielectric constant at the frequency of the radio wave in a region where the plurality of line conductors are provided on the glass plate is defined as ⁇ e , ⁇ e is equal to or greater than ⁇ 2 and equal to or less than 4 when ⁇ is in the range of ⁇ 45° to +45°.
  • the vehicle window glass according to one embodiment of the present disclosure ensures radio wave transparency through a glass plate provided with multiple linear conductors.
  • 1 is a perspective view illustrating a situation in which radio waves (linearly polarized waves) having a component whose electric field oscillates in a direction parallel to a plurality of linear conductors provided on a glass plate are transmitted through the glass plate.
  • 1 is a perspective view illustrating a situation in which radio waves (linearly polarized waves) having a component whose electric field oscillates in a direction in which a plurality of line conductors provided on a glass plate are arranged pass through the glass plate.
  • 1 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which radio waves (circularly polarized waves) having a component whose electric field oscillates in a direction parallel to a plurality of linear conductors provided on a glass plate are transmitted through the glass plate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a vehicle window glass on which radio waves are incident at an incident angle ⁇ in an XY plane.
  • 1 is a schematic perspective view of a vehicle window glass on which radio waves are incident at an incident angle ⁇ in the YZ plane.
  • FIG. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing one specific example of a vehicle window glass.
  • 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an upper portion of one specific example of a vehicle window glass.
  • 1 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of linear conductors provided on a glass plate; 1 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the pitch between adjacent line conductors, the angle of incidence ⁇ of the radio wave to a glass plate, the frequency of the radio wave, and the transmittance of the radio wave through the glass plate.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the pitch between adjacent line conductors, the angle of incidence ⁇ of the radio wave to a glass plate, the frequency of the radio wave, and the effective relative dielectric constant.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the results of actual measurement of average antenna gain using an actual vehicle.
  • the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions respectively represent directions parallel to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis.
  • the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions are mutually perpendicular.
  • the XY plane, YZ plane, and ZX plane respectively represent imaginary planes parallel to the X-axis and Y-axis directions, imaginary planes parallel to the Y-axis and Z-axis directions, and imaginary planes parallel to the Z-axis and X-axis directions.
  • a suitable example of the vehicle window glass is a windshield attached to the front of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle window glass is not limited to a windshield, and may be, for example, a rear window attached to the rear of the vehicle, a side window attached to the side of the vehicle, or a roof window attached to the roof of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle window glass may be a window glass in which the roof glass is integrated with either or both of the windshield or rear window.
  • Figures 1, 2, and 3 are diagrams illustrating the situation in which radio waves pass through a glass plate 1 on which multiple linear conductors 27 are provided.
  • the glass plate 1 shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 has a main surface 20.
  • the glass plate 1 is arranged so that the main surface 20 is parallel to the ZX plane.
  • the multiple linear conductors 27 extend in the Z-axis direction along the main surface 20 and are arranged at intervals in the X-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a situation in which radio waves VP, whose electric field oscillates in the Z-axis direction perpendicular to the XY plane, pass through a glass plate 1.
  • the radio waves VP are also called “vertically polarized radio waves” or simply “vertically polarized waves”. Since the radio waves VP have a component in which the electric field oscillates in the Z-axis direction perpendicular to the XY plane (the Z-axis direction along which the multiple line conductors 27 extend), the degree to which the multiple line conductors 27 are excited increases. For this reason, depending on the frequency of the radio waves VP, the radio waves VP are significantly attenuated in the glass plate 1 before passing through the glass plate 1, and the transmittance of the radio waves VP passing through the glass plate 1 may be significantly reduced.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a situation in which radio waves HP, whose electric field oscillates in the X-axis direction parallel to the XY plane, pass through glass plate 1.
  • the radio waves HP are also called “horizontally polarized radio waves” or simply “horizontally polarized waves.” Since the radio waves HP have a component in which the electric field oscillates in the X-axis direction in which the multiple line conductors 27 are arranged at intervals, the degree to which the multiple line conductors 27 are excited is smaller than in the case of FIG. 1. For this reason, the radio waves VP pass through glass plate 1 with almost no attenuation in the glass plate 1.
  • FIG 3 is a perspective view illustrating a situation in which radio waves CP, in which the direction in which the electric field vibrates in the ZX plane rotates, pass through glass plate 1.
  • Radio waves CP are also called “circularly polarized radio waves” or simply “circularly polarized waves.”
  • Radio waves CP have a component in which the electric field vibrates in the Z-axis direction (the Z-axis direction in which the multiple line conductors 27 extend) perpendicular to the XY plane, so the degree to which the multiple line conductors 27 are excited is smaller than in the case of Figure 1, but is greater than in the case of Figure 2. For this reason, depending on the frequency of the radio waves CP, the radio waves CP are attenuated in the glass plate 1 before passing through the glass plate 1, and the permeability of the radio waves VP passing through the glass plate 1 may decrease.
  • the multiple line conductors 27 may reduce the radio wave transparency when passing through the glass plate 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a vehicle window glass 100 in this embodiment.
  • the window glass 100 comprises a vehicle glass plate 1 and a plurality of linear conductors 27.
  • FIG. 4 shows a portion of an area 24 in which the plurality of linear conductors 27 are provided on the glass plate 1.
  • the glass plate 1 has a main surface 20.
  • the glass plate 1 is arranged so that the main surface 20 is parallel to the ZX plane.
  • the main surface 20 may be the surface of the glass plate 1 facing the outside of the vehicle, or the surface of the glass plate 1 facing the inside of the vehicle.
  • the multiple linear conductors 27 are provided on the glass plate 1.
  • the multiple linear conductors 27 may be provided on the main surface 20 of the glass plate 1, or may be provided on an inner layer of the glass plate 1.
  • the multiple linear conductors 27 extend in the Z-axis direction along the main surface 20 and are spaced apart in the X-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction.
  • the Z-axis direction is an example of a first direction.
  • the X-axis direction is an example of a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the radio wave P has a component in which the electric field oscillates in the Z-axis direction perpendicular to the XY plane.
  • the radio wave P propagates in the first traveling direction P1 along the XY plane.
  • the radio wave P may be the radio wave VP or the radio wave CP described above.
  • the radio wave P is incident on the main surface 20 at an incident angle ⁇ , which is the angle between the first traveling direction P1 and the Y-axis direction.
  • the incident angle ⁇ is an angle within the XY plane.
  • the incident angle ⁇ is an acute angle between -80° and +80°, and when the first traveling direction P1 coincides with the Y-axis direction, the incident angle ⁇ is 0°.
  • the Y-axis direction is an example of a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions.
  • the XY plane is an example of a first plane including the second and third directions.
  • the window glass 100 of this embodiment satisfies a requirement (hereinafter also referred to as requirement R) that, when the effective relative dielectric constant at the frequency of the radio waves P in the region 24 is ⁇ e , the relative dielectric constant ⁇ e be between ⁇ 2 and 4 inclusive when ⁇ is in the range of ⁇ 45° to +45°. If the effective relative dielectric constant ⁇ e is 1, it can be considered that no object blocking the radio waves P is present in the space through which the radio waves P transmit. The closer the effective relative dielectric constant ⁇ e is to 1, the more the radio wave transmittance in the region 24 improves. Therefore, if requirement R is satisfied, the transmittance of the radio waves P incident on the glass sheet 1 at an incident angle ⁇ in the range of ⁇ 45° to +45° is ensured.
  • requirement R a requirement
  • the transparency of radio waves P incident on the glass plate 1 at an incident angle ⁇ of +45° to +80° or -80° to -45° is also ensured, as shown in Example 1 described below.
  • the transparency of radio waves P incident on the glass plate 1 at an incident angle ⁇ of -80° to +80° is ensured.
  • the effective dielectric constant ⁇ e may be a value calculated by a function of a known electromagnetic field simulator.
  • the effective dielectric constant ⁇ e is calculated from the S parameters (S11, S21) based on the calculation method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.
  • the length in the X-axis direction (pitch W) of the gap between adjacent line conductors 27 is 2 mm or more and 4 mm or less, the transparency of radio waves P in the 5.8 GHz or 5.9 GHz band is ensured while ensuring the original performance of the line conductor 27.
  • the original performance of the line conductor 27 corresponds to, for example, the performance of heating the glass plate 1 when the line conductor 27 is a heating wire, and corresponds to, for example, the performance of adjusting the directionality of radio waves when the line conductor 27 is a non-powered conductive wire.
  • the pitch W is 2 mm or less, the visibility of the field of view through the glass plate 1 decreases.
  • the pitch W is preferably 2.5 mm or more and 3.8 mm or less, and more preferably 3.0 mm or more and 3.6 mm or less.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a vehicle window glass 100 in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 shows a case where radio waves P are incident on the main surface 20 at an incident angle ⁇ .
  • the radio waves P have a component in which the electric field oscillates in the Z-axis direction perpendicular to the XY plane.
  • the radio waves P propagate in the second traveling direction P2 along the YZ plane.
  • the radio waves P may be the above-mentioned radio waves VP or radio waves CP.
  • the radio waves P are incident on the main surface 20 at an incident angle ⁇ , which is the angle between the second traveling direction P2 and the Y-axis direction.
  • the incident angle ⁇ is an angle in the YZ plane.
  • the incident angle ⁇ is an acute angle between -80° and +80°, and when the second traveling direction P2 coincides with the Y-axis direction, the incident angle ⁇ is 0°.
  • the effective dielectric constant ⁇ e also changes when the pitch W is changed, by adjusting the pitch W to an appropriate value, the effect of improving the permeability of radio waves P of a desired frequency incident on the glass plate 1 (in other words, the effect of bringing the effective dielectric constant ⁇ e closer to 1) can be obtained.
  • the effect of improving the permeability of the radio waves P incident on the glass plate 1 at the incident angle ⁇ is smaller than the effect of improving the permeability of the radio waves P incident on the glass plate 1 at the incident angle ⁇ . This is because the Z-axis direction in which the multiple line conductors 27 extend is parallel to the YZ plane in which the incident angle ⁇ changes.
  • FIG. 6 shows a specific example of a vehicle window glass from the perspective of the inside of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle window glass device 301 shown in FIG. 6 includes a window glass 100 that is attached to a window frame 66 formed in the vehicle body.
  • the window glass 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a windshield that is attached to a window frame 66 formed in the front part of the vehicle body.
  • the window frame 66 has an upper frame 66a, a lower frame 66b, a left frame 66c, and a right frame 66d to form an opening covered by the window glass 100.
  • the upper frame 66a is a window frame part that extends laterally on the upper side of the vehicle body, for example, a flange on the ceiling side of the vehicle body.
  • the lower frame 66b is a window frame part that extends laterally on the lower side of the vehicle body, for example, a flange on the dash panel side of the vehicle body.
  • the left frame 66c is a window frame part that connects the upper frame 66a and the lower frame 66b on the left side of the vehicle body, for example, a flange of the A-pillar on the front left side of the vehicle body.
  • the right frame 66d is a window frame part that connects the upper frame 66a and the lower frame 66b on the right side of the vehicle body, for example, a flange of the A-pillar on the front right side of the vehicle body.
  • the vehicle window glass device 301 comprises a window glass 100 attached to a window frame 66, and an antenna 30 arranged in a space inside the vehicle of a glass plate 1 of the window glass 100.
  • the window glass 100 comprises a glass plate 1, a first bus bar 3, and a second bus bar 4.
  • Glass plate 1 is an example of a glass plate for a vehicle.
  • Glass plate 1 is a transparent or translucent plate-like dielectric material attached to window frame 66.
  • Glass plate 1 has an outer periphery including upper edge 1a, lower edge 1b, left edge 1c, and right edge 1d.
  • Upper edge 1a is a glass edge that extends laterally on the upper side of the vehicle body and is attached to upper frame 66a.
  • Lower edge 1b is a glass edge that extends laterally on the lower side of the vehicle body and is attached to lower frame 66b.
  • Left edge 1c is a glass edge that connects upper edge 1a and lower edge 1b on the left side of the vehicle body and is attached to left frame 66c.
  • Right edge 1d is a glass edge that connects upper edge 1a and lower edge 1b on the right side of the vehicle body and is attached to right frame 66d.
  • Glass plate 1 has a main surface 22 and a main surface 12 opposite main surface 22.
  • main surface 22 is the surface facing the inside of the vehicle
  • main surface 12 is the surface facing the outside of the vehicle.
  • Main surface 22 or main surface 12 is an example of the main surface 20 described above.
  • the first busbar 3 is a strip-shaped electrode provided on the glass plate 1.
  • the first busbar 3 includes upper portions 71, 79 that extend in a direction along the upper edge 1a of the glass plate 1 (e.g., in a substantially horizontal direction).
  • the first busbar 3 is conductively connected to one electrode terminal (e.g., the negative terminal 402) of the power source 400 mounted on the vehicle.
  • the second busbar 4 is a strip-shaped electrode provided on the glass plate 1.
  • the second busbar 4 includes lower portions 72, 70 that extend in a direction along the lower edge 1b of the glass plate 1 (e.g., in a substantially horizontal direction).
  • the second busbar 4 is conductively connected to the other electrode terminal (e.g., the positive terminal 401) of the power source 400 mounted on the vehicle.
  • the first bus bar 3 may be conductively connected to the positive terminal 401 of the power source 400, and the second bus bar 4 may be conductively connected to the negative terminal 402 of the power source 400.
  • the glass plate 1 has a heated area 2 extending between the upper portions 71, 79 and the lower portions 72, 70.
  • the heated area 2 is an area in which the conductive member 26 is arranged, and is heated by the heat generated by the conductive member 26.
  • the heated area 2 has vertical sides 6a, 6b that are a pair of sides that face each other in the horizontal direction.
  • the glass plate 1 has a non-heated area 8.
  • the non-heated area 8 is the upper area between the upper frame 66a (upper edge of the opening) of the window frame 66 and the upper portion 71 of the first bus bar 3, within the entire area viewed horizontally from inside the vehicle.
  • the conductive member 26 is provided on the glass plate 1 and is located between the upper portions 71, 79 and the lower portions 72, 70.
  • the conductive member 26 is a member through which a direct current flows vertically between the upper portions 71, 79 and the lower portions 72, 70 when a direct current voltage is applied between the first bus bar 3 and the second bus bar 4 by the power source 400, and generates heat as a result of the direct current flowing vertically.
  • the heating area 2 is heated by the heat generated by the conductive member 26 that electrically connects the upper portions 71, 79 and the lower portions 72, 70. By heating the heating area 2, it is possible to melt snow, melt ice, and prevent fogging in the heating area 2 and the surrounding areas of the glass plate 1.
  • the conductive member 26 is, for example, a plurality of heating wires extending in the vertical direction of the glass plate 1 and arranged at intervals in the X-axis direction.
  • the plurality of heating wires are, for example, wavy linear conductors extending from the first bus bar 3 toward the second bus bar 4.
  • the heating wires are formed, for example, from copper, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, palladium, indium, tungsten, gold, platinum, silver, or an alloy containing a plurality of any of these.
  • the heating wires are an example of the linear conductors 27 described above.
  • the conductive member 26 may be a heating wire installed on the inner layer or surface of the glass plate 1, or a silver-based print formed on the surface of the glass plate 1.
  • the glass plate 1 may be laminated glass.
  • the conductive member 26 is installed on the inner layer of the glass plate 1 means that the conductive member 26 is sealed in the laminated glass.
  • glass plate 1 When glass plate 1 is laminated glass, it is formed by bonding an exterior glass plate provided on the outside of the vehicle to an interior glass plate provided on the inside of the vehicle via a resin intermediate film.
  • the exterior glass sheet and the interior glass sheet may be inorganic glass or organic glass.
  • inorganic glass for example, soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, quartz glass, etc. can be used without any particular restriction. Among these, soda lime glass is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of production cost and formability.
  • the forming method of the exterior glass sheet and the interior glass sheet There are no particular restrictions on the forming method of the exterior glass sheet and the interior glass sheet. For example, in the case of inorganic glass, glass sheets formed by the float method or the like are preferred.
  • the exterior glass sheet and the interior glass sheet are inorganic glass, they may be either untempered glass or tempered glass.
  • Untempered glass is made by forming molten glass into a sheet and slowly cooling it.
  • Tempered glass is made by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of untempered glass, and may be either air-cooled tempered glass or chemically tempered glass.
  • the tempered glass is physically tempered glass (e.g. air-cooled tempered glass)
  • the glass surface may be tempered by generating a compressive stress layer on the glass surface due to the temperature difference between the glass surface and the inside of the glass by an operation other than slow cooling, such as rapidly cooling a glass sheet uniformly heated in bending from a temperature near the softening point.
  • the glass surface may be tempered by generating a compressive stress on the glass surface by an ion exchange method or the like after bending.
  • the exterior glass sheet and the interior glass sheet may be glass that absorbs ultraviolet rays or infrared rays.
  • the exterior glass sheet and the interior glass sheet are preferably transparent, but may be colored glass to the extent that transparency is not impaired.
  • the glass plate 1 may have a curved shape that is convex toward the outside of the vehicle when it is attached to the vehicle.
  • the glass plate 1 may have a single curved shape that is bent in only one direction, or may have a compound curved shape that is bent in two directions (for example, the up-down direction when the glass plate 1 is attached to the vehicle and the left-right direction perpendicular to the up-down direction).
  • Gravity forming, press forming, roller forming, or the like is used to bend the glass plate 1.
  • the radius of curvature of the laminated glass 110 may be 1,000 mm or more and 100,000 mm or less.
  • the thickness of the glass plate on the outside of the vehicle and the thickness of the glass plate on the inside of the vehicle may be the same or different.
  • the thickness of the glass plate on the outside of the vehicle is preferably 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. If the thickness of the glass plate on the outside of the vehicle is 1.0 mm or more, the strength of the performance such as resistance to flying stones is sufficient, and if it is 3.0 mm or less, the mass of the glass plate 1 does not become too large, which is preferable in terms of fuel efficiency of the vehicle.
  • the thickness of the glass plate on the inside of the vehicle is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less.
  • the thickness of the glass plate on the inside of the vehicle is 0.3 mm or more, the handling property is good, and if it is 2.3 mm or less, the mass does not become too large. It is preferable that the thicknesses of the glass plate on the outside of the vehicle and the glass plate on the inside of the vehicle are each 1.8 mm or less, since the glass plate 1 can be both lightweight and soundproof. Note that if the thickness of the glass plate on the inside of the vehicle is 1.0 mm or less, the glass plate on the inside of the vehicle may be chemically strengthened glass. If the glass sheet on the inside of the vehicle is chemically strengthened glass, it is preferable that the compressive stress value of the glass surface is 300 MPa or more and the depth of the compressive stress layer is 2 ⁇ m or more.
  • the material for the organic glass examples include transparent resins such as polycarbonate or acrylic resin (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate).
  • the conductive member 26 may be disposed on the inner layer or outer surface of the glass plate 1.
  • the conductive member 26 is disposed on the same layer (inner layer or outer surface) as the first bus bar 3 and the second bus bar 4.
  • the conductive member 26 may be disposed on a layer different from at least one of the first bus bar 3 and the second bus bar 4, as long as electrical connection with the first bus bar 3 and the second bus bar 4 is ensured via the auxiliary member.
  • the heating area 2 in which the conductive member 26 is arranged may be separated into a plurality of heating areas arranged in the horizontal direction.
  • the heating area 2 has two areas arranged in the horizontal direction with a gap 9 extending in the vertical direction of the glass plate 1, i.e., a first heating area 2a and a second heating area 2b.
  • the heating area 2 may have three or more areas.
  • the first heating area 2a has an upper side 6f conductively connected to the upper portion 71, a lower side 6g conductively connected to the lower portion 72, and a pair of vertical sides 6a, 6c that face each other in the horizontal direction.
  • the second heating area 2b has an upper side 6h conductively connected to the upper portion 79, a lower side 6i conductively connected to the lower portion 70, and a pair of vertical sides 6b, 6d that face each other in the horizontal direction.
  • the heating area 2 is divided into a plurality of heating areas, and therefore the first busbar 3 and the second busbar 4 are also divided.
  • the first busbar 3 includes a first upper busbar 3a and a second upper busbar 3b
  • the second busbar 4 includes a first lower busbar 4a and a second lower busbar 4b.
  • the first busbar 3 may further include vertical portions connected to the upper portions 71 and 79.
  • the first upper busbar 3a includes a vertical portion 73 connected to the upper portion 71
  • the second upper busbar 3b includes a vertical portion 76 connected to the upper portion 79.
  • the upper portion 71 is a conductor portion connected to the upper edge 6f of the first heating area 2a
  • the vertical portion 73 is a conductor portion that extends away from the vertical side 6a, which is one side edge of the first heating area 2a, in a direction along the left edge 1c, which is one side edge of the glass sheet 1.
  • the upper portion 79 is a conductor portion connected to the upper edge of the second heating area 2b
  • the vertical portion 76 is a conductor portion that extends away from the vertical side 6b, which is one side edge of the second heating area 2b, in a direction along the right edge 1d, which is the other side edge of the glass sheet 1.
  • the first bus bar 3 includes vertical portions 73 and 76 that are connected to the upper portions 71 and 79, respectively, a portion of the wiring line that electrically connects the upper portions 71 and 79 of the first bus bar 3 to the power source 400 can be provided on the glass plate 1 side, not on the vehicle body side. This allows the length of the harness wired on the vehicle body side to be reduced.
  • the first bus bar 3 may further include a horizontal portion 74 connected to the vertical portion 73, and may further include a horizontal portion 77 connected to the vertical portion 76.
  • the horizontal portion 74 is a conductive portion that extends in a direction along the lower edge 1b of the glass sheet 1 in a region away from the first heating region 2a.
  • the horizontal portion 77 is a conductive portion that extends in a direction along the lower edge 1b of the glass sheet 1 in a region away from the second heating region 2b.
  • the presence of the horizontal portion 74 or the horizontal portion 77 can further reduce the length of the harness depending on the position of the terminal of the harness to be wired to the vehicle body side.
  • the glass plate 1 has a number of electrodes 51, 52, 55, and 56 to which terminals of a number of harnesses that are electrically connected to the power source 400 are electrically connected.
  • the electrode 51 is a negative electrode for electrically connecting the terminal of the ground harness 53, which is electrically connected to the negative terminal 402, to the first upper bus bar 3a.
  • the electrode 51 is electrically connected to the upper portion 71 via the horizontal portion 74 and the vertical portion 73.
  • the electrode 52 is a negative electrode for electrically connecting the terminal of the ground harness 54, which is electrically connected to the negative terminal 402, to the second upper bus bar 3b.
  • the electrode 52 is electrically connected to the upper portion 79 via the horizontal portion 77 and the vertical portion 76.
  • the electrode 55 is a positive electrode for electrically connecting the terminal of the power harness 57, which is electrically connected to the positive terminal 401, to the first lower bus bar 4a.
  • the first lower bus bar 4a has a connection bus bar 75 that is connected to the lower portion 72.
  • the electrode 55 is electrically connected to the lower portion 72 via the connection bus bar 75.
  • the electrode 56 is a positive electrode for electrically connecting the terminal of the power harness 58, which is electrically connected to the positive terminal 401, to the second lower bus bar 4b.
  • the second lower bus bar 4b has a connection bus bar 78 that is connected to the lower portion 70.
  • the electrode 56 is electrically connected to the lower portion 70 via the connection bus bar 78.
  • the antenna 30 transmits and receives (at least one of transmission and reception) radio waves of a predetermined frequency band F.
  • the radio waves of the predetermined frequency band F may be vertically polarized, horizontally polarized, or circularly polarized.
  • the antenna 30 is formed to be capable of transmitting and receiving radio waves of a high frequency band (e.g., 0.3 GHz to 300 GHz) such as microwaves and millimeter waves. If the antenna 30 is capable of transmitting and receiving radio waves including at least one of the 5.8 GHz band and the 5.9 GHz band, it is suitable as a vehicle antenna.
  • the antenna 30 is applicable to, for example, a V2X communication system, a fifth generation mobile communication system, a sixth generation mobile communication system, an in-vehicle radar system, etc., but is not limited to these.
  • V2X communication systems used in ITS (Intelligent Transport System) and the like include vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems and road-to-vehicle communication systems (e.g., ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) systems, etc.).
  • the antenna 30 is disposed in the space adjacent to the glass plate 1. This makes the antenna gain in frequency band F of the antenna 30 less susceptible to the width of the heating area 2. Therefore, the antenna 30 capable of ensuring antenna gain in a specified frequency band F can coexist with the heating area 2.
  • the antenna 30 is fixed to the main surface 22 of the glass plate 1 or the ceiling of the vehicle interior via an indirect member such as a bracket or housing (not shown) so that the antenna 30 is disposed in the space adjacent to the upper portion 71 of the first bus bar 3.
  • the antenna 30 also has a conductor 37 that is spaced apart from the glass plate 1 and faces the glass plate 1.
  • the conductor 37 may be the ground plane of the antenna 30 or the radiating element of the antenna 30.
  • the projection surface 13 formed by projecting the conductor 37 horizontally onto the glass plate 1 overlaps with the heating area 2. Furthermore, if the projection surface 13 of the conductor 37 overlaps with the upper portion 71 of the first bus bar 3, there is a risk of interfering with radio waves arriving from above the vehicle or radiating toward above the vehicle, so it is preferable to position the projection surface 13 so that it does not overlap with the first bus bar 3.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the upper portion of one specific example of vehicle window glass.
  • the glass plate 1 has a main surface 12 facing the vehicle exterior side A and a main surface 22 facing the vehicle interior side.
  • the conductive member 26 is provided on the main surface 22, but it may also be provided on the inner layer of the glass plate 1.
  • a gap 17 exists between the conductor 37 and the upper portion 71 of the first bus bar 3 in a plan view from inside the vehicle.
  • the presence of the gap 17 makes it difficult for the upper portion 71 to block radio waves emitted from the antenna 30, ensuring antenna gain in a specified frequency band F.
  • the projection surface 13 has a lower end 14 onto which the lower end 35 of the conductor 37 is projected, and an upper end 16 onto which the upper end 32 of the conductor 37 is projected.
  • the antenna 30 transmits and receives, for example, vertically polarized waves.
  • the conductive member 26 provided in the heating area 2 is formed of a plurality of linear conductors extending in the vertical direction of the glass plate 1 and arranged in the horizontal direction
  • vertically polarized waves parallel to the longitudinal direction of the plurality of linear conductors are likely to be blocked by the conductive member 26.
  • the window glass 100 ensures antenna gain in a specified frequency band F. Therefore, even if the antenna 30 is spatially arranged so that the projection surface 13 overlaps with the heating area 2, it is possible to suppress a decrease in antenna gain in the specified frequency band F.
  • FIG. 8 is a front view illustrating a number of linear conductors 27 included in the conductive member 26 on the projection surface 13 where the conductor 37 of the antenna 30 is projected horizontally onto the glass plate 1.
  • the pitch W between adjacent linear conductors 27 is the dimension in the amplitude direction of the sinusoidal linear conductor 27.
  • the pitch W is 2 mm or more and 4 mm or less, the inherent performance of the linear conductors 27 is ensured while the transparency of radio waves P in the 5.8 GHz or 5.9 GHz band is ensured.
  • the gap length G is preferably 0.35 ⁇ or more, and more preferably 0.50 ⁇ or more.
  • the wavelength in the air of the radio waves transmitted and received by the antenna 30 is ⁇ .
  • the antenna 30 has a radiation surface 34 (see FIG. 7) that radiates radio waves.
  • the vehicle window glass device 301 may include a dielectric 33 having a relative dielectric constant greater than 1 between the glass plate 1 and the radiation surface 34.
  • the dielectric 33 can adjust the frequency characteristics of the antenna 30.
  • the dielectric 33 may be a spacer or a matching film.
  • the dielectric 33 may be a member containing resin.
  • the radiation surface 34 may be arranged substantially parallel to the vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 7, or may be arranged substantially parallel to the glass plate 1, although this is not specifically shown.
  • ⁇ Example 1> 9 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the pitch W between adjacent linear conductors 27, the incidence angle ⁇ of the radio wave P on the glass plate 1, the frequency of the radio wave P, and the transmittance of the radio wave through the glass plate 1.
  • the transmission characteristics at incidence angles ⁇ of -80° to 0° are omitted because they are similar to the transmission characteristics at incidence angles ⁇ of 0° to 80°.
  • the transmittance on the vertical axis is S21, which is one of the S parameters.
  • S21 represents the transmission coefficient (transmittance) of the radio wave. The larger S21 indicates that the transmittance of the radio wave in the region 24 is higher.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the pitch W between adjacent line conductors 27, the incidence angle ⁇ of the radio wave P to the glass plate 1, the frequency of the radio wave P, and the effective relative dielectric constant ⁇ e .
  • the effective relative dielectric constant ⁇ e on the vertical axis of Fig. 10 is a value calculated by an electromagnetic field simulator based on the calculation method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 using the S parameters (S11, S21) measured in Fig. 9.
  • the transmittance of the radio wave P incident on the glass plate 1 at the incident angle ⁇ of -80° to +80° is ensured. Furthermore, by setting the pitch W to 3.6 mm, the relative dielectric constant ⁇ e at a frequency included in at least one of the 5.8 GHz band and the 5.9 GHz band is -2 or more and 4 or less even when ⁇ is +80°. Therefore, according to Fig. 9 and Fig.
  • the radio wave P having a frequency included in at least one of the 5.8 GHz band and the 5.9 GHz band transmits through the glass plate 1 with almost no attenuation even when it is incident on the glass plate 1 at the incident angle ⁇ of -80° to +80°.
  • ⁇ Example 2> 11 is a diagram showing an example of the results of measuring the average antenna gain in the horizontal plane of an antenna installed in a vehicle cabin using an actual vehicle equipped with the window glass 100 of this embodiment as a windshield.
  • the average antenna gain represents the average value of the antenna gain measured in each angular direction included in the range of ⁇ 60° in front of the vehicle in the horizontal plane by changing the frequency of the radio wave P between the 5.8 GHz band and the 5.9 GHz band. In other words, it corresponds to the case where the radio wave P is incident on the glass sheet 1 at an incident angle ⁇ between ⁇ 60° and +60°.
  • the windshield of the actual vehicle was measured in a state inclined by about 25° with respect to the horizontal plane.
  • the pitch W When the pitch W is 0, it represents a comparative example in which the linear conductor 27 is not present.
  • the pitch W is 3.6 mm
  • the degree of decrease in the average antenna gain in the 5.8 GHz band and the 5.9 GHz band compared to the comparative example is smaller than when the pitch W is 2 mm or 2.45 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
PCT/JP2024/001235 2023-01-23 2024-01-18 車両用窓ガラス Ceased WO2024157867A1 (ja)

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US19/269,959 US20250340101A1 (en) 2023-01-23 2025-07-15 Window glass for vehicle

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JP2023-008284 2023-01-23

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009076962A (ja) * 2007-09-18 2009-04-09 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The 車載用テレビアンテナ及びその取付方法
JP2021169993A (ja) * 2020-08-18 2021-10-28 三恵技研工業株式会社 車載レーダー装置用レドーム及び車載レーダー構造

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009076962A (ja) * 2007-09-18 2009-04-09 Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The 車載用テレビアンテナ及びその取付方法
JP2021169993A (ja) * 2020-08-18 2021-10-28 三恵技研工業株式会社 車載レーダー装置用レドーム及び車載レーダー構造

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