WO2024154643A1 - センサ素子、ガスセンサ、センサ素子の評価方法、プログラム - Google Patents
センサ素子、ガスセンサ、センサ素子の評価方法、プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024154643A1 WO2024154643A1 PCT/JP2024/000436 JP2024000436W WO2024154643A1 WO 2024154643 A1 WO2024154643 A1 WO 2024154643A1 JP 2024000436 W JP2024000436 W JP 2024000436W WO 2024154643 A1 WO2024154643 A1 WO 2024154643A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4071—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases using sensor elements of laminated structure
- G01N27/4072—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases using sensor elements of laminated structure characterized by the diffusion barrier
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/417—Systems using cells, i.e. more than one cell and probes with solid electrolytes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4077—Means for protecting the electrolyte or the electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/41—Oxygen pumping cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/4163—Systems checking the operation of, or calibrating, the measuring apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sensor element, a gas sensor, and a method and program for evaluating a sensor element.
- Patent Document 1 describes a gas sensor that includes a laminate having a plurality of oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte layers and a gas flow section that introduces a measured gas from a gas inlet and flows the gas, a main pump cell having an inner pump electrode disposed in a first inner space of the gas flow section and an outer pump electrode disposed on the outer surface of the laminate, a measurement electrode disposed downstream of the first inner space in the gas flow section, and a slit-shaped diffusion rate-controlling section that is provided in the gas flow section and provides a diffusion resistance to the measured gas from the outside and leads it to the first inner space.
- the oxygen concentration in the first inner space is adjusted by passing a pump current Ip0 between the inner pump electrode and the outer pump electrode. Then, the NOx in the measured gas after the oxygen concentration is adjusted is reduced in the second inner space. The concentration of NOx in the measurement gas is detected based on the pump current Ip2 that flows when pumping out oxygen from the second internal space.
- the cross-sectional shape of the diffusion-controlling portion can cause the diffusion resistance from the outside to the first internal space to become too large, resulting in an excessively high dependency (static pressure dependency) of the pump current Ip0 of the main pump cell (adjustment pump cell) on the pressure of the gas being measured. For this reason, there is a demand for a gas sensor that can prevent the static pressure dependency of the pump current Ip0 from becoming too high.
- the main purpose of the sensor element, gas sensor, and sensor element evaluation method and program of the present invention is to provide a sensor element that prevents the static pressure dependency of the pump current of the adjustment pump cell from becoming too high.
- the sensor element, gas sensor, and sensor element evaluation method and program of the present invention employ the following means to achieve the above-mentioned main objectives.
- the sensor element of the present invention comprises: A sensor element for detecting a concentration of a specific gas in a measurement gas, comprising: an element body having an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte layer and a measurement gas flow section for introducing and flowing the measurement gas therein; an adjusting pump cell having an inner electrode disposed in an oxygen concentration adjusting chamber of the measurement gas flow portion, the adjusting pump cell adjusting the oxygen concentration in the oxygen concentration adjusting chamber; a measurement electrode disposed in a measurement chamber downstream of the oxygen concentration adjusting chamber in the measurement gas flow portion; a diffusion rate control section provided in the measurement gas flow section, which applies a diffusion resistance to the measurement gas from the outside and guides the measurement gas into the oxygen concentration control chamber; Equipped with the height t [mm] of the diffusion rate-limiting portion obtained by formula (A) using the path length L [cm] of the diffusion rate-limiting portion, the width H [cm] of the diffusion rate-limiting portion, the limiting current Ip [A] of the adjustment pump cell, the Faraday constant F [
- the height t [mm] of the diffusion rate limiting portion obtained by the formula (A) using the path length L [cm] of the diffusion rate limiting portion, the width H [cm] of the diffusion rate limiting portion, the limiting current Ip [A] of the adjustment pump cell, the Faraday constant F [ A ⁇ sec/mol], the diffusion coefficient D [cm 2 /sec] of oxygen, the gas constant R [cm 3 ⁇ atm/mol ⁇ K], the temperature T [K] of the inner electrode, the oxygen partial pressure Poe [atm] in the measured gas, and the oxygen partial pressure Pod [atm] of the oxygen concentration adjustment chamber is 0.0035 or more.
- the center part in the width direction of the diffusion rate-limiting part often bulges or sinks with respect to both ends, and the height of the diffusion rate-limiting part is often uneven at each position in the width direction. For this reason, it is difficult to actually measure the height of the diffusion rate-limiting part.
- the height t (average height) of the diffusion rate-limiting part can be calculated by using the above-mentioned formula (A).
- the height t may be 0.0090 or more. This makes it possible to further prevent the static pressure dependency of the pump current of the adjustment pump cell from becoming too high.
- the height t may be 0.0250 or less. This makes it possible to suppress the rate of deterioration of the adjustment pump cell. The inventors have confirmed this through experiments, analysis, etc.
- the diffusion rate-limiting portion has first to nth (n ⁇ 2) diffusion rate-limiting portions
- the L/H is obtained by summing Li/Hi using the path length Li (i: 1 to n) [cm] and width Hi [cm] of each of the first to nth diffusion rate-limiting portions
- the height t may be the average of the heights ti of each of the first to nth diffusion rate-limiting portions.
- the height ti of the i-th diffusion rate-limiting portion corresponds to the height of one slit when the i-th diffusion rate-limiting portion has only one slit with path length Li and width Hi, and corresponds to the total height of the multiple slits when the i-th diffusion rate-limiting portion has multiple slits with path length Li and width Hi.
- a plurality of adjustment pump cells having the oxygen concentration adjustment chamber and the inner electrode may be provided in series along the measured gas flow section, the diffusion rate-controlling section may be provided upstream of the most upstream oxygen concentration adjustment chamber of the measured gas flow section, and the limiting current Ip may be the limiting current of the adjustment pump cell that adjusts the oxygen concentration of the most upstream oxygen concentration adjustment chamber of the measured gas flow section.
- the limiting current Ip may be the limiting current of the adjustment pump cell that adjusts the oxygen concentration of the most upstream oxygen concentration adjustment chamber of the measured gas flow section.
- the gas sensor of the present invention is characterized by comprising a sensor element according to any one of the above-mentioned [1] to [5]. Therefore, the gas sensor of the present invention can obtain the same effects as the above-mentioned sensor element of the present invention, for example, the effect of being able to provide a sensor element that prevents the static pressure dependency of the pump current of the adjustment pump cell from becoming too high.
- the method for evaluating a sensor element of the present invention comprises: A method for evaluating a sensor element for detecting a concentration of a specific gas in a measurement gas, comprising:
- the sensor element includes: an element body having an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte layer and a measurement gas flow section for introducing and flowing the measurement gas therein; an adjusting pump cell having an inner electrode disposed in an oxygen concentration adjusting chamber of the measurement gas flow portion, the adjusting pump cell adjusting the oxygen concentration in the oxygen concentration adjusting chamber; a measurement electrode disposed in a measurement chamber downstream of the oxygen concentration adjusting chamber in the measurement gas flow portion; a diffusion rate control section provided in the measurement gas flow section, which applies a diffusion resistance to the measurement gas from the outside and guides the measurement gas into the oxygen concentration control chamber; Equipped with
- the evaluation method includes, for the sensor element to be evaluated, (a) calculating the height t [mm] of the diffusion rate-limiting portion by formula (B) using the path length L [cm] of the diffusion rate-limiting portion, the
- the height t [mm] of the diffusion rate limiting part is calculated by the formula (B) using the path length L [cm] of the diffusion rate limiting part, the width H [cm] of the diffusion rate limiting part, the Faraday constant F [A ⁇ sec/mol], the diffusion coefficient D [cm 2 /sec] of oxygen, the gas constant R [cm 3 ⁇ atm/mol ⁇ K], the temperature T [K] of the inner electrode, the limiting current Ip [A] of the adjustment pump cell, the oxygen partial pressure Poe [atm] in the measured gas, and the oxygen partial pressure Pod [atm] of the oxygen concentration adjustment chamber, and the calculated height t [mm] is used for evaluation.
- each step of the method for evaluating a sensor element of the present invention is executed, and therefore it is possible to obtain the same effect as the method for evaluating a sensor element of the present invention, for example, the effect of being able to provide a sensor element in which the static pressure dependency of the pump current of the adjustment pump cell is suppressed from becoming too high.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the configuration of a gas sensor 100.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the periphery of the first and second diffusion-controlling portions 11 and 13 of the gas sensor 100.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the electrical connection between a control device 95 and each cell, etc.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sensor element 201 according to a modified example. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the average height t and the static pressure dependency index ⁇ .
- the gas sensor 100 measures the NOx concentration as the specific gas concentration.
- the gas sensor 100 includes a sensor element 101 having an element body 102 in the shape of a long rectangular parallelepiped, each of the cells 21, 41, 50, 80-83 included in the sensor element 101 (element body 102), a heater section 70 provided inside the sensor element 101, and a control device 95 that has variable power sources 24, 46, 52 and a heater power source 76 and controls the entire gas sensor 100.
- the gas inlet 10 On the tip side (left end side in FIG. 1) of the sensor element 101 (element body 102), between the lower surface of the second solid electrolyte layer 6 and the upper surface of the first solid electrolyte layer 4, the gas inlet 10, the first diffusion rate-controlling section 11, the buffer space 12, the second diffusion rate-controlling section 13, the first internal cavity (oxygen concentration adjustment chamber) 20, the third diffusion rate-controlling section 30, the second internal cavity (oxygen concentration adjustment chamber) 40, the fourth diffusion rate-controlling section 60, and the third internal cavity (measurement chamber) 61 are adjacently formed and communicated in this order.
- the sensor element 101 (element body 102) is provided with a reference gas inlet 49 that allows a reference gas to flow from the outside of the sensor element 101 to the reference electrode 42 when measuring the NOx concentration.
- the reference gas inlet 49 has a reference gas inlet space 43 and a reference gas inlet layer 48.
- the reference gas inlet space 43 is a space provided inward from the rear end surface of the sensor element 101.
- the reference gas inlet space 43 is provided between the upper surface of the third substrate layer 3 and the lower surface of the spacer layer 5, at a position defined by the side surface of the first solid electrolyte layer 4.
- the reference gas inlet space 43 opens at the rear end surface of the sensor element 101, and this opening functions as an inlet portion 49a of the reference gas inlet 49.
- the reference gas is introduced into the reference gas inlet space 43 from this inlet portion 49a.
- the reference gas inlet 49 introduces the reference gas introduced from the inlet portion 49a into the reference electrode 42 while providing a predetermined diffusion resistance to the reference gas introduced from the inlet portion 49a.
- the reference gas is air.
- the gas inlet 10 is a portion that opens to the external space, and the measured gas is taken into the sensor element 101 from the external space through the gas inlet 10.
- the first diffusion rate-controlling portion 11 is a portion that imparts a predetermined diffusion resistance to the measured gas taken in from the gas inlet 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the first diffusion rate-controlling portion 11 has an upper slit 11a and a lower slit 11b.
- the upper slit 11a is formed as a horizontally long slit between the upper surface of the partition wall 5a, which is a part of the spacer layer 5, and the lower surface of the second solid electrolyte layer 6 in the vertical direction.
- the lower slit 13b is formed as a horizontally long slit between the lower surface of the partition wall 5b and the upper surface of the first solid electrolyte layer 4 in the vertical direction.
- the partition wall 5b is formed as a part between the buffer space 12 and the first internal space 20.
- the left and right sides of the partition wall 5b are connected to other parts of the spacer layer 5, and there is no gap through which the measured gas flows on the left and right sides of the partition wall 5b.
- the upper slit 13a and the lower slit 13b are formed with the same path length, i.e., length in the front-rear direction, L2, and with the same width, i.e., length in the lateral direction, H2.
- the first internal space 20 is provided as a space for adjusting the oxygen partial pressure in the measured gas introduced through the second diffusion rate-controlling section 13. The oxygen partial pressure is adjusted by the operation of the main pump cell 21.
- the inner pump electrode 22 is formed across the upper and lower solid electrolyte layers (second solid electrolyte layer 6 and first solid electrolyte layer 4) that define the first internal cavity 20, and the spacer layer 5 that provides the side walls. Specifically, a ceiling electrode portion 22a is formed on the lower surface of the second solid electrolyte layer 6 that provides the ceiling surface of the first internal cavity 20, and a bottom electrode portion 22b is formed on the upper surface of the first solid electrolyte layer 4 that provides the bottom surface.
- Side electrode portions are formed on the side wall surfaces (inner surfaces) of the spacer layer 5 that constitute both side wall portions of the first internal cavity 20 so as to connect the ceiling electrode portion 22a and the bottom electrode portion 22b, and are arranged in a tunnel-shaped structure at the locations where the side electrode portions are arranged.
- the oxygen concentration (oxygen partial pressure) in the first internal space 20 can be determined by measuring the electromotive force (voltage V0) in the oxygen partial pressure detection sensor cell 80 for controlling the main pump. Furthermore, the pump current Ip0 is controlled by feedback controlling the voltage Vp0 of the variable power supply 24 so that the voltage V0 becomes the target value. This allows the oxygen concentration in the first internal space 20 to be maintained at a predetermined constant value.
- the third diffusion rate control section 30 is a section that imparts a predetermined diffusion resistance to the measured gas, the oxygen concentration (oxygen partial pressure) of which is controlled by the operation of the main pump cell 21 in the first internal space 20, and guides the measured gas to the second internal space 40.
- the auxiliary pump cell 50 is an auxiliary electrochemical pump cell that is composed of an auxiliary pump electrode 51 having a ceiling electrode portion 51a provided on almost the entire lower surface of the second solid electrolyte layer 6 facing the second internal space 40, an outer pump electrode 23 (not limited to the outer pump electrode 23, any suitable electrode on the outside of the sensor element 101 will suffice), the second solid electrolyte layer 6, the spacer layer 5, and the first solid electrolyte layer 4.
- the auxiliary pump electrode 51 is disposed in the second internal space 40 in a tunnel-shaped structure similar to the inner pump electrode 22 disposed in the first internal space 20. That is, a ceiling electrode portion 51a is formed on the second solid electrolyte layer 6 that provides the ceiling surface of the second internal space 40, and a bottom electrode portion 51b is formed on the first solid electrolyte layer 4 that provides the bottom surface of the second internal space 40. Side electrode portions (not shown) that connect the ceiling electrode portion 51a and the bottom electrode portion 51b are formed on both wall surfaces of the spacer layer 5 that provides the side walls of the second internal space 40, forming a tunnel-shaped structure.
- auxiliary pump cell 50 by applying a desired voltage Vp1 between the auxiliary pump electrode 51 and the outer pump electrode 23, it is possible to pump oxygen in the atmosphere in the second internal space 40 out to the external space, or pump oxygen from the external space into the second internal space 40.
- an electrochemical sensor cell i.e., an oxygen partial pressure detection sensor cell 81 for controlling the auxiliary pump, is constituted by the auxiliary pump electrode 51, the reference electrode 42, the second solid electrolyte layer 6, the spacer layer 5, the first solid electrolyte layer 4, and the third substrate layer 3.
- the auxiliary pump cell 50 pumps using a variable power supply 52 whose voltage is controlled based on the electromotive force (voltage V1) detected by the auxiliary pump control oxygen partial pressure detection sensor cell 81. This allows the oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere within the second internal space 40 to be controlled to a low partial pressure that does not substantially affect the measurement of NOx.
- the pump current Ip1 is used to control the electromotive force of the oxygen partial pressure detection sensor cell 80 for controlling the main pump.
- the pump current Ip1 is input as a control signal to the oxygen partial pressure detection sensor cell 80 for controlling the main pump, and the above-mentioned target value of the voltage V0 is controlled so that the gradient of the oxygen partial pressure in the measurement gas introduced from the third diffusion rate-controlling section 30 into the second internal space 40 is always constant.
- the oxygen concentration in the second internal space 40 is kept constant at approximately 0.001 ppm by the action of the main pump cell 21 and the auxiliary pump cell 50.
- the fourth diffusion rate-controlling section 60 is a section that applies a predetermined diffusion resistance to the measured gas, the oxygen concentration (oxygen partial pressure) of which has been controlled by the operation of the auxiliary pump cell 50 in the second internal space 40, and guides the measured gas to the third internal space 61.
- the fourth diffusion rate-controlling section 60 plays a role in limiting the amount of NOx that flows into the third internal space 61.
- the third internal space 61 is provided as a space for carrying out processing related to measuring the nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentration in the measurement gas introduced through the fourth diffusion control section 60 after the oxygen concentration (oxygen partial pressure) has been adjusted in advance in the second internal space 40.
- the measurement of the NOx concentration is mainly performed in the third internal space 61 by the operation of the measurement pump cell 41.
- the measurement pump cell 41 measures the NOx concentration in the measurement gas in the third internal space 61.
- the measurement pump cell 41 is an electrochemical pump cell composed of a measurement electrode 44 provided on the upper surface of the first solid electrolyte layer 4 facing the third internal space 61, an outer pump electrode 23, a second solid electrolyte layer 6, a spacer layer 5, and the first solid electrolyte layer 4.
- the measurement electrode 44 also functions as a NOx reduction catalyst that reduces NOx present in the atmosphere in the third internal space 61.
- oxygen produced by the decomposition of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere surrounding the measurement electrode 44 is pumped out, and the amount of oxygen produced can be detected as a pump current Ip2.
- the first solid electrolyte layer 4, the third substrate layer 3, the measurement electrode 44, and the reference electrode 42 constitute an electrochemical sensor cell, i.e., an oxygen partial pressure detection sensor cell 82 for controlling the measurement pump.
- the variable power supply 46 is controlled based on the electromotive force (voltage V2) detected by the oxygen partial pressure detection sensor cell 82 for controlling the measurement pump.
- the main pump cell 21 and the auxiliary pump cell 50 are operated to provide the measurement gas, in which the oxygen partial pressure is always kept at a constant low value (a value that has no substantial effect on the measurement of NOx), to the measurement pump cell 41. Therefore, the NOx concentration in the measurement gas can be known based on the pump current Ip2 that flows when oxygen generated by the reduction of NOx is pumped out of the measurement pump cell 41, which is approximately proportional to the concentration of NOx in the measurement gas.
- the inner pump electrode 22, the auxiliary pump electrode 51, and the measurement electrode 44 each contain a first-class precious metal having catalytic activity.
- the first-class precious metal include at least one of Pt, Rh, Ir, Ru, and Pd.
- the outer pump electrode 23 and the reference electrode 42 also contain a first-class precious metal.
- the inner pump electrode 22 and the auxiliary pump electrode 51 also contain a second-class precious metal that suppresses the catalytic activity of the first-class precious metal for a specific gas (NOx).
- NOx specific gas
- the inner pump electrode 22 and the auxiliary pump electrode 51 have a weakened reduction ability for the NOx component in the measured gas.
- the second-class precious metal include Au.
- the heater connector electrode 71 is an electrode formed in such a manner that it contacts the lower surface of the first substrate layer 1. By connecting the heater connector electrode 71 to a heater power supply 76 (see FIG. 3), it is possible to supply power from the heater power supply 76 to the heater section 70.
- the heater 72 is an electrical resistor sandwiched between the second substrate layer 2 and the third substrate layer 3.
- the heater 72 is connected to a heater connector electrode 71 via a through hole 73, and generates heat when power is supplied from a heater power source 76 through the heater connector electrode 71, thereby heating and keeping warm the solid electrolyte that forms the sensor element 101.
- the heater 72 is embedded throughout the entire area from the first internal space 20 to the third internal space 61, making it possible to adjust the temperature of the entire sensor element 101 to a temperature at which the solid electrolyte is activated.
- the pressure relief hole 75 is a portion that penetrates the third substrate layer 3 and the reference gas introduction layer 48 and is provided so as to communicate with the reference gas introduction space 43, and is formed for the purpose of mitigating the increase in internal pressure that accompanies a rise in temperature within the heater insulation layer 74.
- control device 95 includes the variable power supplies 24, 46, 52, the heater power supply 76, and a control unit 96.
- the control unit 96 is a microprocessor including a CPU 97 and a memory unit 98.
- the memory unit 98 is a non-volatile memory that allows information to be rewritten, and can store, for example, various programs and various data.
- the control unit 96 inputs the voltage V0 of the oxygen partial pressure detection sensor cell 80 for controlling the main pump, the voltage V1 of the oxygen partial pressure detection sensor cell 81 for controlling the auxiliary pump, the voltage V2 of the oxygen partial pressure detection sensor cell 82 for controlling the measurement pump, the voltage Vref of the sensor cell 83, the pump current Ip0 flowing through the main pump cell 21, the pump current Ip1 flowing through the auxiliary pump cell 50, and the pump current Ip2 flowing through the measurement pump cell 41.
- the control unit 96 also outputs control signals to the variable power sources 24, 46, 52 to control the voltages Vp0, Vp1, Vp2 output by the variable power sources 24, 46, 52, thereby controlling the main pump cell 21, the measurement pump cell 41, and the auxiliary pump cell 50.
- the control unit 96 performs an auxiliary pump control process that controls the auxiliary pump cell 50 so that the oxygen concentration in the second internal space 40 becomes the target concentration. Specifically, the control unit 96 controls the auxiliary pump cell 50 by feedback controlling the voltage Vp1 of the variable power supply 52 so that the voltage V1 becomes a constant value (referred to as the target value V1*).
- the target value V1* is set as a value that causes the oxygen concentration in the second internal space 40 to become a predetermined low concentration that does not substantially affect the measurement of NOx.
- the control unit 96 performs a main pump control process to control the main pump cell 21 so that the pump current Ip1 flowing when the auxiliary pump cell 50 adjusts the oxygen concentration in the second internal space 40 by the auxiliary pump control process becomes a target current (referred to as the target value Ip1*). Specifically, the control unit 96 sets (feedback control) a target value (referred to as the target value V0*) of the voltage V0 based on the pump current Ip1 so that the pump current Ip1 flowing due to the voltage Vp1 becomes a constant target value Ip1*.
- the control unit 96 then feedback controls the voltage Vp0 of the variable power supply 24 so that the voltage V0 becomes the target value V0* (i.e., so that the oxygen concentration in the first internal space 20 becomes the target concentration).
- This main pump control process ensures that the gradient of the oxygen partial pressure in the measured gas introduced from the third diffusion rate-controlling unit 30 into the second internal space 40 is always constant.
- the target value V0* is set to a value such that the oxygen concentration in the first internal space 20 is higher and lower than 0%.
- the pump current Ip0 that flows during this main pump control process changes depending on the oxygen concentration of the measurement gas (i.e., the measurement gas around the sensor element 101) that flows into the measurement gas flow section from the gas inlet 10. Therefore, the control unit 96 can also detect the oxygen concentration in the measurement gas based on the pump current Ip0.
- the above-mentioned main pump control process and auxiliary pump control process are also collectively referred to as the adjustment pump control process.
- the first internal space 20 and the second internal space 40 are also collectively referred to as the oxygen concentration adjustment chamber.
- the main pump cell 21 and the auxiliary pump cell 50 are also collectively referred to as the adjustment pump cell.
- the control unit 96 performs the adjustment pump control process, and the adjustment pump cell adjusts the oxygen concentration in the oxygen concentration adjustment chamber.
- oxygen is pumped out of the third internal space 61 so that the amount of oxygen generated by the reduction of NOx in the measured gas in the third internal space 61 is substantially zero.
- the control unit 96 obtains the pump current Ip2 as a detection value corresponding to the oxygen generated in the third internal space 61 due to the specific gas (here, NOx), and calculates the NOx concentration in the measured gas based on this pump current Ip2.
- the control unit 96 performs a heater control process that outputs a control signal to the heater power supply 76 to control the temperature of the heater 72 to a target temperature (e.g., 800°C).
- a target temperature e.g. 800°C
- the temperature of the heater 72 can be expressed as a linear function of the resistance value of the heater 72.
- the control unit 96 calculates the resistance value of the heater 72 as a value that can be regarded as the temperature of the heater 72 (a value that can be converted into a temperature), and feedback controls the heater power supply 76 so that the calculated resistance value becomes the target resistance value (resistance value corresponding to the target temperature).
- the control unit 96 can, for example, obtain the voltage of the heater 72 and the current flowing through the heater 72, and calculate the resistance value of the heater 72 based on the obtained voltage and current.
- the control unit 96 may calculate the resistance value of the heater 72 using, for example, a three-terminal method or a four-terminal method.
- the heater power supply 76 adjusts the power supplied to the heater 72 by, for example, changing the value of the voltage applied to the heater 72 based on a control signal from the control unit 96.
- a manufacturing method of the sensor element 101 of the gas sensor 100 is described below.
- six unfired ceramic green sheets containing an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte such as zirconia as a ceramic component are prepared.
- a plurality of sheet holes and necessary through holes used for positioning during printing and lamination are formed in advance in these green sheets.
- a space that will become the measured gas flow section is provided in advance by punching or the like in the green sheet that will become the spacer layer 5.
- a space that will become the reference gas introduction space 43 is provided in the green sheet that will become the first solid electrolyte layer 4.
- a pattern printing process and a drying process are performed to form various patterns on each ceramic green sheet corresponding to each of the first substrate layer 1, the second substrate layer 2, the third substrate layer 3, the first solid electrolyte layer 4, the spacer layer 5, and the second solid electrolyte layer 6.
- the patterns to be formed are, for example, the patterns of the above-mentioned electrodes, the lead wires connected to each electrode, the reference gas introduction layer 48, the heater section 70, and the like.
- Pattern printing is performed by applying a pattern forming paste prepared according to the characteristics required for each formation target to a green sheet using a known screen printing technique. A known drying method is also used for the drying process.
- a bonding paste is printed and dried to laminate and bond the green sheets corresponding to each layer.
- the green sheets on which the bonding paste is formed are then laminated in a predetermined order while being positioned using the sheet holes, and are then pressed together under predetermined temperature and pressure conditions to form a single laminate.
- the laminate thus obtained contains multiple element bodies 102.
- the laminate is cut to the size of the element body 102.
- the cut laminate is then fired at a predetermined firing temperature to obtain the element body 102.
- the porous protective layer 77 is formed on the element body 102 to obtain the sensor element 101.
- the porous protective layer 77 can be formed using at least one of plasma spraying, screen printing, gel casting, and dipping, for example.
- the porous protective layer 77 is formed by sintering, such as by screen printing or dipping, the porous protective layer 77 before sintering may be formed on the element body 102 before sintering, and the two may be sintered together to obtain the sensor element 101.
- the sensor element 101 is obtained in this manner, it is housed in a specified housing and incorporated into the gas sensor body (not shown) to obtain the gas sensor 100.
- the fourth diffusion control section 60 can be formed, for example, as follows. First, in the above-mentioned pattern printing process, a vanishing material (e.g., theobromine, etc.) that disappears by firing is applied to the upper surface of the portion of the green sheet that becomes the spacer layer 5 that becomes the partition wall. As a result, the vanishing material disappears during the above-mentioned firing, and a gap (horizontal slit) is formed between the upper surface of the partition wall of the spacer layer 5 and the lower surface of the second solid electrolyte layer 6, forming the fourth diffusion control section 60.
- a vanishing material e.g., theobromine, etc.
- the vanishing material may be applied not only to the upper surface of the portion that becomes the partition wall, but also to the portion of the lower surface of the green sheet that becomes the second solid electrolyte layer 6 that faces the partition wall.
- the vertical height of the slit of the fourth diffusion control section 60 can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the vanishing material applied.
- the first to third diffusion control sections 11, 13, and 30 can also be formed in the same manner, except that the vanishing material is applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the spacer layer 5.
- the method of forming such a diffusion control section is publicly known and is described, for example, in Patent No. 4911910.
- the sensor element 101 is configured so that the average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling sections 11, 13 is 0.0035 mm or more.
- the sensor element 101 is configured so that the average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling sections 11, 13 is 0.0090 mm or more.
- the sensor element 101 is configured so that the average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling sections 11, 13 is 0.0250 mm or less.
- the average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling sections 11, 13 corresponds to the average of the heights t1, t2 of the diffusion rate-controlling sections 11, 13.
- the height t1 of the first diffusion rate-controlling section 11 corresponds to the sum of the height t11 of the upper slit 11a and the height t12 of the lower slit 11b of the first diffusion rate-controlling section 11.
- the height t2 of the second diffusion rate-controlling section 13 corresponds to the sum of the height t21 of the upper slit 13a and the height t22 of the lower slit 13b of the second diffusion rate-controlling section 13.
- the path lengths L1, L2 of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11, 13 are the path lengths of the upper slits 11a, 13a and the lower slits 11b, 13b, i.e., the lengths in the front-rear direction.
- the widths H1 and H2 of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11 and 13 are the widths of the upper slits 11a and 13a and the lower slits 11b and 13b, i.e., the lengths in the left-right direction.
- the height t of this diffusion rate-controlling part is obtained by using the path length L and width H of the diffusion rate-controlling part, the diffusion coefficient D of oxygen, the gas constant R, the temperature T of the inner pump electrode 22, the oxygen partial pressure Poe in the measured gas, and the oxygen partial pressure Pod in the first internal space 20 according to formula (2).
- Formula (1) corresponds to formula (2) in which "L/H" on the right side is replaced with "L1/H1+L2/H2".
- the pump current Ip0 when the voltage Vp0 is gradually increased, the pump current Ip0 also gradually increases, but eventually, even if the voltage Vp0 is increased, the pump current Ip0 does not increase and reaches an upper limit.
- the pump current Ip0 at this time is measured as the limiting current Ip.
- the flow rate of the gas that reaches the first internal space 20, i.e., the periphery of the inner pump electrode 22 from the outside through the porous protective layer 77, the gas inlet 10, the first diffusion rate-controlling portion 11, the buffer space 12, and the second diffusion rate-controlling portion 13 depends on the diffusion resistance of a predetermined portion that is the gas path from the outside to the inner pump electrode 22.
- the heater 72 of the sensor element 101 is energized to heat the sensor element 101 to a predetermined driving temperature Tset, and when the temperature of the sensor element 101 is stabilized, the temperature T may be measured by thermography or the like.
- the temperature T of the inner pump electrode 22 is 1123 K.
- the oxygen partial pressure Pod can be obtained by obtaining the voltage V0 and the oxygen partial pressure Podr of the reference gas (atmosphere) when the adjustment pump control process is being performed, and applying these to a predetermined correspondence relationship between the voltage V0, the oxygen partial pressure Podr, and the oxygen partial pressure Pod.
- the value (Poe-Pod) obtained by subtracting the oxygen partial pressure Pod in the first internal space 20 from the oxygen partial pressure Poe in the gas to be measured is set to 0.209999 atm.
- the sensor element 101 is configured so that the average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11, 13 is 0.0090 mm or more, it is possible to more sufficiently suppress the static pressure dependency of the pump current Ip0 from becoming too high.
- the sensor element 101 is configured so that the average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling portions 11 and 13 is 0.0250 mm or less, thereby preventing the deterioration rate of the inner pump electrode 22 from becoming too high.
- the inventors have also confirmed this through experiments, analysis, and the like. As a result, it is possible to provide a sensor element 101 that prevents the deterioration rate of the inner pump electrode 22 from becoming too high.
- the first substrate layer 1, the second substrate layer 2, the third substrate layer 3, the first solid electrolyte layer 4, the spacer layer 5, and the second solid electrolyte layer 6 of this embodiment each correspond to a solid electrolyte layer of the present invention
- the element body 102 corresponds to the element body.
- the first and second internal spaces 20, 40 correspond to the oxygen concentration adjustment chamber
- the inner pump electrode 22 and the auxiliary pump electrode 51 correspond to the inner electrodes
- the main pump cell 21 and the auxiliary pump cell 50 correspond to the adjustment pump cell
- the measurement electrode 44 corresponds to the measurement electrode
- the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11, 13 correspond to the diffusion rate-controlling parts.
- the average height t of the first and second diffusion-controlling parts 11, 13 obtained by formula (1) is configured to be 0.0090 mm or more, which further prevents the diffusion resistance in a specific part from becoming too large and further prevents the static pressure dependency of the pump current Ip0 from becoming too high.
- the average height t of the first and second diffusion-controlling portions 11, 13 obtained by formula (1) is configured to be 0.0250 mm or less, thereby preventing the deterioration rate of the inner pump electrode 22 from becoming too high.
- the inner pump electrode 22 and the auxiliary pump electrode 51 are porous cermet electrodes of Pt containing 1% Au and ZrO2
- the outer pump electrode 23, the reference electrode 42, and the measurement electrode 44 are all porous cermet electrodes of Pt and ZrO2 .
- one or more of the electrodes 22, 23, 42, 44, and 51 do not have to be cermets.
- one or more of the electrodes 22, 23, 42, 44, and 51 do not have to be porous.
- the oxygen concentration adjustment chamber has the first internal space 20 and the second internal space 40, but is not limited to this, for example, the oxygen concentration adjustment chamber may have another internal space, or one of the first internal space 20 and the second internal space 40 may be omitted.
- the adjustment pump cell has the main pump cell 21 and the auxiliary pump cell 50, but is not limited to this, for example, the adjustment pump cell may have another pump cell, or one of the main pump cell 21 and the auxiliary pump cell 50 may be omitted. For example, if the oxygen concentration of the measured gas can be sufficiently low with only the main pump cell 21, the auxiliary pump cell 50 may be omitted.
- the control unit 96 may perform only the main pump control process as the adjustment pump control process. Also, in the main pump control process, the setting of the target value V0* based on the above-mentioned pump current Ip1 may be omitted. Specifically, a predetermined target value V0* is stored in advance in the storage unit 98, and the control unit 96 controls the main pump cell 21 by feedback-controlling the voltage Vp0 of the variable power supply 24 so that the voltage V0 becomes the target value V0*.
- the voltage V0 and the oxygen partial pressure Podr of the reference gas (atmosphere) when the main pump control process is being performed are obtained, and the oxygen partial pressure Podr can be obtained by applying these to a predetermined correspondence relationship between the voltage V0, the oxygen partial pressure Podr, and the oxygen partial pressure Pod.
- the element body 102 of the sensor element 101 of the gas sensor 100 includes the first internal cavity 20, the second internal cavity 40, and the third internal cavity 61, but is not limited thereto.
- the element body 201 of the sensor element 201 of FIG. 4 may not include the third internal cavity 61.
- the outer pump electrode 23 serves as an electrode paired with the inner pump electrode 22 in the main pump cell 21 (also referred to as the outer main pump electrode), as an electrode paired with the auxiliary pump electrode 51 in the auxiliary pump cell 50 (also referred to as the outer auxiliary pump electrode), and as an electrode paired with the measurement electrode 44 in the measurement pump cell 41 (also referred to as the outer measurement electrode), but is not limited to this.
- Any one or more of the outer main pump electrode, outer auxiliary pump electrode, and outer measurement electrode may be provided outside the element body 102 separately from the outer pump electrode 23 so as to be in contact with the gas to be measured.
- the element body 102 of the sensor element 101 has a front end portion covered by the porous protective layer 77, but it may be exposed without being covered by the porous protective layer 77.
- the inventors have confirmed through experiments and analysis that when the front end portion of the element body 102 is not covered by the porous protective layer 77, the static pressure dependency of the pump current Ip0 when the average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11, 13 is the same is lower than when the front end portion of the element body 102 is covered by the porous protective layer 77.
- the average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11, 13 is 0.0035 mm or more, as in the case when the front end portion of the element body 102 is covered by the porous protective layer 77.
- the porous protective layer 77 when the front end portion of the element body 102 is not covered by the porous protective layer 77, compared to when it is covered by the porous protective layer 77, when parameters other than the limiting current Ip of the main pump cell 21 in formula (1) (such as the path lengths L1, L2 and widths H1, H2 of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11, 13) are the same, the diffusion resistance from the outside to the first internal space 20 is smaller, the limiting current Ip of the main pump cell 21 is larger, and the average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11, 13 obtained by formula (1) is higher.
- parameters other than the limiting current Ip of the main pump cell 21 in formula (1) such as the path lengths L1, L2 and widths H1, H2 of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11, 13
- the element body 102 of the sensor element 101 includes the first diffusion rate-limiting portion 11 and the second diffusion rate-limiting portion 13, but this is not limited thereto.
- One of the first diffusion rate-limiting portion 11 and the second diffusion rate-limiting portion 13 may be omitted and only the other may be included, or another diffusion rate-limiting portion may be included.
- the height t of the first diffusion rate-limiting portion 11 is obtained by formula (3).
- the average height t of the first to nth diffusion rate-limiting portions is obtained by formula (4) using the path lengths Li (i: 1 to n) and widths Hi of the first to nth diffusion rate-limiting portions.
- Formula (4) corresponds to formula (2) in which "L/H" on the right side is replaced with " ⁇ Li/Hi".
- the sensor element 101 detects the NOx concentration in the measured gas, but this is not limited to the above, as long as it detects the concentration of a specific gas in the measured gas.
- the specific gas concentration may be other oxide concentrations, not limited to NOx.
- oxygen is generated when the specific gas itself is reduced in the third internal space 61 as in the above embodiment, so the measurement pump cell 41 can obtain a detection value corresponding to this oxygen (e.g., pump current Ip2) to detect the specific gas concentration.
- the specific gas may also be a non-oxide such as ammonia.
- the element body 102 of the sensor element 101 is a laminate having a plurality of solid electrolyte layers (layers 1 to 6), but this is not limited thereto.
- the element body 102 of the sensor element 101 may include at least one solid electrolyte layer having oxygen ion conductivity.
- layers 1 to 5 other than the second solid electrolyte layer 6 may be layers made of a material other than a solid electrolyte layer (for example, a layer made of alumina).
- each electrode of the sensor element 101 may be disposed on the second solid electrolyte layer 6.
- the measurement electrode 44 in FIG. 1 may be disposed on the lower surface of the second solid electrolyte layer 6.
- control unit 96 may omit obtaining the voltage V0 from the main pump control oxygen partial pressure detection sensor cell 80 and setting the target value V0*, and directly control the pump voltage Vp0 (and thus control the pump current Ip0) based on the pump current Ip1.
- the form of the sensor element 101 provided in the gas sensor 100 has been described.
- a method for evaluating the sensor element 101 will be described.
- the sensor element 101 to be evaluated and a corresponding temperature measurement sample are manufactured by the above manufacturing method, and the path lengths L1, L2 and widths H1, H2 of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling sections 11, 13 at this time are obtained.
- design values may be used, or multiple identical sensor elements 101 may be manufactured and some of the multiple sensor elements may be cut and measured.
- the computer inputs various data for the sensor element 101 to be evaluated, calculates the average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11, 13 by the above-mentioned formula (1), and performs evaluation using the calculated average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11, 13.
- formula (1) is obtained from formula (2). Specifically, it is evaluated whether the average height t of the first and second diffusion rate-controlling parts 11, 13 is 0.0035 mm or more.
- a static pressure dependency index ⁇ was calculated as an index relating to the static pressure dependency of the pump current Ip0 according to equation (5) using the obtained first and second pump currents Ipa and Ipb.
- the static pressure dependency index ⁇ was also calculated for Experimental Examples 2 to 140 in a similar manner.
- a graph showing the relationship between the average height t of the first and second diffusion-controlling portions 11, 13 and the static pressure dependency index ⁇ for Experimental Examples 1 to 140 is shown in FIG.
- the static pressure dependence of the pump current Ip0 was determined to be good (not too high) when the static pressure dependence index ⁇ was 0.10 or less, and was determined to be bad (too high) when the static pressure dependence index ⁇ was greater than 0.10.
- the static pressure dependence index ⁇ was 0.10 or less.
- the static pressure dependence index ⁇ was 0.065 or less.
- the static pressure dependency of the pump current Ip0 is good, and among these, for sensor elements 101 in which the average height t of the first and second diffusion-controlling parts 11, 13 is 0.0090 mm or more, the static pressure dependency of the pump current Ip0 can be determined to be even better.
- the present invention can be used in gas sensors that detect the concentration of specific gases such as NOx in measured gases such as automobile exhaust gas.
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Abstract
Description
被測定ガス中の特定ガスの濃度を検出するためのセンサ素子であって、
酸素イオン伝導性の固体電解質層を有し、前記被測定ガスを導入して流通させる被測定ガス流通部が内部に設けられた素子本体と、
前記被測定ガス流通部のうち酸素濃度調整室に配設された内側電極を有し、前記酸素濃度調整室の酸素濃度を調整する調整用ポンプセルと、
前記被測定ガス流通部のうち前記酸素濃度調整室よりも下流側の測定室に配設された測定電極と、
前記被測定ガス流通部に設けられ、外部からの前記被測定ガスに拡散抵抗を付与して前記酸素濃度調整室に導く拡散律速部と、
を備え、
前記拡散律速部の路長L[cm]、前記拡散律速部の幅H[cm]、前記調整用ポンプセルの限界電流Ip[A]、ファラデー定数F[A・sec/mol]、酸素の拡散係数D[cm2/sec]、気体定数R[cm3・atm/mol・K]、前記内側電極の温度T[K]、前記被測定ガス中の酸素分圧Poe[atm]、前記酸素濃度調整室の酸素分圧Pod[atm]を用いて式(A)により得られる前記拡散律速部の高さt[mm]は、0.0035以上である、
ことを要旨とする。
被測定ガス中の特定ガスの濃度を検出するためのセンサ素子の評価方法であって、
前記センサ素子は、
酸素イオン伝導性の固体電解質層を有し、前記被測定ガスを導入して流通させる被測定ガス流通部が内部に設けられた素子本体と、
前記被測定ガス流通部のうち酸素濃度調整室に配設された内側電極を有し、前記酸素濃度調整室の酸素濃度を調整する調整用ポンプセルと、
前記被測定ガス流通部のうち前記酸素濃度調整室よりも下流側の測定室に配設された測定電極と、
前記被測定ガス流通部に設けられ、外部からの前記被測定ガスに拡散抵抗を付与して前記酸素濃度調整室に導く拡散律速部と、
を備え、
前記評価方法は、評価対象の前記センサ素子について、
(a)前記拡散律速部の路長L[cm]、前記拡散律速部の幅H[cm]、前記調整用ポンプセルの限界電流Ip[A]、ファラデー定数F[A・sec/mol]、酸素の拡散係数D[cm2/sec]、気体定数R[cm3・atm/mol・K]、前記内側電極の温度T[K]、前記被測定ガス中の酸素分圧Poe[atm]、前記酸素濃度調整室の酸素分圧Pod[atm]を用いて式(B)により前記拡散律速部の高さt[mm]を算出するステップと、
(b)前記高さtを用いて評価するステップと、
を実行することを要旨とする。
t=L/H×Ip×1/(4×F×D/(R×T))×1/(Poe-Pod)×10 (2)
t=ΣLi/Hi×Ip×1/(4×F×D/(R×T))×1/(Poe-Pod)×10 (4)
上述した製造方法により、図1に示したセンサ素子101をそれぞれ作製し、実験例1とした。また、実験例1に対応する上述の温度測定用サンプル1も作製した。なお、センサ素子101を作製するにあたり、セラミックスグリーンシートは、安定化剤のイットリアを4mol%添加したジルコニア粒子と有機バインダーと有機溶剤とを混合し、テープ成形により成形した。同様の製造方法により、実験例2~140と、実験例2~140に対応する温度測定用サンプル2~140とを作製した。実験例1~140および温度測定用サンプル1~140では、第1、第2拡散律速部11,13の上側スリット11a,13aおよび下側スリット11b,13bの路長L1,L2、幅H1,H2、高さt11,t12,t21,t22を変更した。
実験例1のセンサ素子101を備えるガスセンサ100を、センサ素子101の先端側の部分が配管内に突出するように配管に取り付けた。そして、ヒータ72に通電して温度を800℃とし、センサ素子101を加熱した。この状態で、ベースガスが窒素であり酸素濃度が18%であり特定ガス(NOx)の濃度が0ppmであり圧力が101.3kPaのモデルガスを用意し、これを第1被測定ガスとして配管に流した。そして、上述した調整用ポンプ制御処理(目標値V1*を用いた補助ポンプ制御処理および主ポンプ制御処理)を行なって主ポンプセル21のポンプ電流Ip0を取得し、第1ポンプ電流Ipaとした。また、ベースガスが窒素であり酸素濃度が18%であり特定ガス(NOx)の濃度が0ppmであり圧力が150.3kPaのモデルガスを用意し、これを第2測定ガスとして配管に流した。そして、調整用ポンプ制御処理を行なって主ポンプセル21のポンプ電流Ip0を取得し、第2ポンプ電流Ipbとした。こうして第1、第2ポンプ電流Ipa,Ipbを得ると、得られた第1、第2ポンプ電流Ipa,Ipbを用いて式(5)により、ポンプ電流Ip0の静圧依存性に関する指標としての静圧依存性指標αを算出した。同様の方法により、実験例2~140についても、静圧依存性指標αを算出した。そして、実験例1~140についての第1、第2拡散律速部11,13の平均高さtと静圧依存性指標αとの関係のグラフを図5に示した。
Claims (8)
- 被測定ガス中の特定ガスの濃度を検出するためのセンサ素子であって、
酸素イオン伝導性の固体電解質層を有し、前記被測定ガスを導入して流通させる被測定ガス流通部が内部に設けられた素子本体と、
前記被測定ガス流通部のうち酸素濃度調整室に配設された内側電極を有し、前記酸素濃度調整室の酸素濃度を調整する調整用ポンプセルと、
前記被測定ガス流通部のうち前記酸素濃度調整室よりも下流側の測定室に配設された測定電極と、
前記被測定ガス流通部に設けられ、外部からの前記被測定ガスに拡散抵抗を付与して前記酸素濃度調整室に導く拡散律速部と、
を備え、
前記拡散律速部の路長L[cm]、前記拡散律速部の幅H[cm]、前記調整用ポンプセルの限界電流Ip[A]、ファラデー定数F[A・sec/mol]、酸素の拡散係数D[cm2/sec]、気体定数R[cm3・atm/mol・K]、前記内側電極の温度T[K]、前記被測定ガス中の酸素分圧Poe[atm]、前記酸素濃度調整室の酸素分圧Pod[atm]を用いて式(A)により得られる前記拡散律速部の高さt[mm]は、0.0035以上である、
センサ素子。
t=L/H×Ip×1/(4×F×D/(R×T))×1/(Poe-Pod)×10 (A) - 請求項1記載のセンサ素子であって、
前記高さtは、0.0090以上である、
センサ素子。 - 請求項1または2記載のセンサ素子であって、
前記高さtは、0.0250以下である、
センサ素子。 - 請求項1または2記載のセンサ素子であって、
前記拡散律速部は、第1~第n(n≧2)拡散律速部を有し、
前記L/Hは、前記第1~第n拡散律速部のそれぞれの路長Li(i:1~n)[cm]および幅Hi[cm]を用いてLi/Hiの総和により得られ、
前記高さtは、前記第1~第n拡散律速部のそれぞれの高さtiの平均である、
センサ素子。 - 請求項1または2記載のセンサ素子であって、
前記酸素濃度調整室および前記内側電極を有する前記調整用ポンプセルを前記被測定ガス流通部に沿って直列に複数備え、
前記拡散律速部は、前記被測定ガス流通部のうち最も上流側の前記酸素濃度調整室よりも上流側に設けられており、
前記限界電流Ipは、前記被測定ガス流通部のうち最も上流側の前記酸素濃度調整室の酸素濃度を調整する前記調整用ポンプセルの限界電流である、
センサ素子。 - 請求項1または2記載のセンサ素子を備えるガスセンサ。
- 被測定ガス中の特定ガスの濃度を検出するためのセンサ素子の評価方法であって、
前記センサ素子は、
酸素イオン伝導性の固体電解質層を有し、前記被測定ガスを導入して流通させる被測定ガス流通部が内部に設けられた素子本体と、
前記被測定ガス流通部のうち酸素濃度調整室に配設された内側電極を有し、前記酸素濃度調整室の酸素濃度を調整する調整用ポンプセルと、
前記被測定ガス流通部のうち前記酸素濃度調整室よりも下流側の測定室に配設された測定電極と、
前記被測定ガス流通部に設けられ、外部からの前記被測定ガスに拡散抵抗を付与して前記酸素濃度調整室に導く拡散律速部と、
を備え、
前記評価方法は、評価対象の前記センサ素子について、
(a)前記拡散律速部の路長L[cm]、前記拡散律速部の幅H[cm]、前記調整用ポンプセルの限界電流Ip[A]、ファラデー定数F[A・sec/mol]、酸素の拡散係数D[cm2/sec]、気体定数R[cm3・atm/mol・K]、前記内側電極の温度T[K]、前記被測定ガス中の酸素分圧Poe[atm]、前記酸素濃度調整室の酸素分圧Pod[atm]を用いて式(B)により前記拡散律速部の高さt[mm]を算出するステップと、
(b)前記高さtを用いて評価するステップと、
を実行するセンサ素子の評価方法。
t=L/H×Ip×1/(4×F×D/(R×T))×1/(Poe-Pod)×10 (B) - 請求項6記載のセンサ素子の評価方法の各ステップを1または複数のコンピュータに実行させるプログラム。
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| JP2024571723A JPWO2024154643A1 (ja) | 2023-01-19 | 2024-01-11 | |
| CN202480005715.8A CN120476307A (zh) | 2023-01-19 | 2024-01-11 | 传感器元件、气体传感器、传感器元件的评价方法、程序 |
| DE112024000269.2T DE112024000269T5 (de) | 2023-01-19 | 2024-01-11 | Sensorelement, gassensor, bewertungsverfahren für ein sensorelement und programm |
| US19/264,100 US20250334541A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 | 2025-07-09 | Sensor element, gas sensor, evaluation method for sensor element, and program |
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| US19/264,100 Continuation US20250334541A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 | 2025-07-09 | Sensor element, gas sensor, evaluation method for sensor element, and program |
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| US (1) | US20250334541A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2024154643A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN120476307A (ja) |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000028576A (ja) * | 1998-07-08 | 2000-01-28 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | ガスセンサ及び窒素酸化物センサ |
| JP2004132960A (ja) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-04-30 | Denso Corp | ガスセンサ素子 |
| JP2009236834A (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-15 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | ガスセンサ |
| JP2020101476A (ja) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-07-02 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
| JP2021156611A (ja) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-10-07 | 日本碍子株式会社 | センサ素子 |
| JP2022059942A (ja) * | 2020-10-02 | 2022-04-14 | 日本碍子株式会社 | センサ素子及びガスセンサ |
-
2024
- 2024-01-11 DE DE112024000269.2T patent/DE112024000269T5/de active Pending
- 2024-01-11 CN CN202480005715.8A patent/CN120476307A/zh active Pending
- 2024-01-11 JP JP2024571723A patent/JPWO2024154643A1/ja active Pending
- 2024-01-11 WO PCT/JP2024/000436 patent/WO2024154643A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2025
- 2025-07-09 US US19/264,100 patent/US20250334541A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000028576A (ja) * | 1998-07-08 | 2000-01-28 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | ガスセンサ及び窒素酸化物センサ |
| JP2004132960A (ja) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-04-30 | Denso Corp | ガスセンサ素子 |
| JP2009236834A (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-15 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | ガスセンサ |
| JP2020101476A (ja) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-07-02 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
| JP2021156611A (ja) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-10-07 | 日本碍子株式会社 | センサ素子 |
| JP2022059942A (ja) * | 2020-10-02 | 2022-04-14 | 日本碍子株式会社 | センサ素子及びガスセンサ |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2024154643A1 (ja) | 2024-07-25 |
| US20250334541A1 (en) | 2025-10-30 |
| CN120476307A (zh) | 2025-08-12 |
| DE112024000269T5 (de) | 2025-09-18 |
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