Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/02—Details
  • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
  • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
  • H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
  • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
  • H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
  • C25B1/01—Products
  • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
  • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
  • C25B13/02—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by shape or form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
  • C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
  • C25B13/05—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on inorganic materials
  • C25B13/07—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on inorganic materials based on ceramics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
  • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
  • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
  • C25B9/21—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms two or more diaphragms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
  • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
  • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
  • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
  • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
  • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
  • C25B9/75—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having bipolar electrodes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
  • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
  • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
  • C25B9/77—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having diaphragms
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/02—Details
  • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
  • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
  • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/02—Details
  • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
  • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
  • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
  • C25B1/01—Products
  • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
  • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
  • C25B1/042—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water by electrolysis of steam
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
  • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
  • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

• a solid electrochemical device that includes a solid electrolyte having a first main surface and a second main surface opposite the first main surface, a first electrode having a third main surface and a fourth main surface opposite the third main surface and disposed so that the third main surface faces the first main surface, a first current collector having a fifth main surface and a sixth main surface opposite the fifth main surface and disposed so that the fifth main surface faces the fourth main surface, and a first interconnector having a seventh main surface and disposed so that the seventh main surface faces the sixth main surface (Patent Document 1).
• a solid-state electrochemical device includes: a solid electrolyte having a first main surface and a second main surface opposite the first main surface; a first electrode having a third major surface and a fourth major surface opposite to the third major surface, the first electrode being provided such that the third major surface faces the first major surface; a first current collector having a fifth main surface and a sixth main surface opposite to the fifth main surface, the first current collector being provided such that the fifth main surface faces the fourth main surface; a first interconnector having a seventh main surface and disposed so that the seventh main surface faces the sixth main surface, the seventh main surface of the first interconnector is a plane; the first current collector is made of a first metal porous body having a three-dimensional network structure, The fifth main surface has a plurality of first through holes formed therein, the first through holes extending along a first direction from the fifth main surface toward the sixth main surface.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a solid electrochemical device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an example of a first current collector according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
• one method for miniaturizing solid-state electrochemical devices is to use an interconnector that is thinned by having a flat main surface without any grooves.
• an interconnector that is thinned by having a flat main surface without any grooves.
• the "pressure loss” in the solid-state electrochemical device increases, and the "output density” of the solid-state electrochemical device can easily decrease due to reduced gas diffusivity. For this reason, it can be difficult to make the solid-state electrochemical device “small,” suppress "pressure loss,” and suppress a decrease in "output density.”
• the present disclosure therefore aims to provide a solid-state electrochemical device that is compact, has excellent suppression of "pressure loss,” and has excellent “output density.”
• a solid-state electrochemical device having a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface; a first electrode having a third major surface and a fourth major surface that is an opposite surface of the third major surface, the first electrode being provided such that the third major surface faces the first major surface; a first current collector having a fifth main surface and a sixth main surface opposite to the fifth main surface, the first current collector being provided such that the fifth main surface faces the fourth main surface; a first interconnector having a seventh main surface and provided so that the seventh main surface faces the sixth main surface, the seventh main surface of the first interconnector is a plane; the first current collector is made of a first metal porous body having a three-dimensional network structure, The fifth main surface has a plurality of first through holes formed therein, the first through holes extending along a first direction from the fifth main surface toward the sixth main surface.
• This disclosure makes it possible to provide a solid-state electrochemical device that is compact, has excellent pressure loss suppression, and has excellent power density.
• the first through hole has a first width along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in a plan view of the fifth main surface, and has a second width along a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction,
• the average value of the first width and the second width may be 2 mm or more and 20 mm or less. This makes it possible to provide a solid-state electrochemical device that is more excellent in suppressing "pressure loss" and has a better "power density.”
• the first aperture ratio which is the percentage of the total area of the first through holes relative to the area of the fifth main surface, may be 2.0% or more and 35% or less. This makes it possible to provide a solid-state electrochemical device that is more excellent in suppressing "pressure loss" and has a better "output density.”
• a second aperture ratio which is a percentage of the total area of the first through holes in the first region relative to the area of the first region, may be 2.0% or more and 35% or less. This makes it possible to provide a solid electrochemical device that is superior in suppressing "pressure loss" and has a superior "output density".
• the first metal porous body may be a nickel-cobalt metal porous body. This makes it possible to provide a solid-state electrochemical device with a superior "power density.”
• the first metal porous body may be a nickel metal porous body. This makes it possible to provide a solid electrochemical device with a superior "power density.”
• the first metal porous body may be a nickel-tin metal porous body. This makes it possible to provide a solid-state electrochemical device with a superior "power density.”
• a second electrode having an eighth main surface and a ninth main surface that is an opposite surface to the eighth main surface, and provided so that the eighth main surface faces the second main surface; a second current collector having a tenth main surface and an eleventh main surface that is an opposite surface of the tenth main surface, the second current collector being provided such that the tenth main surface faces the ninth main surface; A second interconnector having a twelfth main surface and provided so that the twelfth main surface faces the eleventh main surface, the twelfth main surface of the second interconnector is a plane; the second current collector is made of a second metal porous body having a three-dimensional network structure,
• the tenth principal surface may have a plurality of second through holes formed therein, the second through holes extending along a fourth direction from the tenth principal surface to the eleventh principal surface.
• the second through hole has a third width along a fifth direction perpendicular to the fourth direction in a plan view of the tenth main surface, and a fourth width along a sixth direction perpendicular to the fourth direction and the fifth direction,
• the average value of the third width and the fourth width may be 2 mm or more and 20 mm or less. This makes it possible to provide a solid-state electrochemical device that is more excellent in suppressing "pressure loss" and has a better "power density.”
• the third aperture ratio which is the percentage of the total area of the second through holes relative to the area of the tenth main surface, may be 2.0% or more and 35% or less. This makes it possible to provide a solid-state electrochemical device that is superior in suppressing "pressure loss" and has a superior "output density.”
• a fourth opening ratio which is a percentage of the total area of the second through holes in the second region relative to the area of the second region, may be 2.0% or more and 35% or less. This makes it possible to provide a solid electrochemical device that is superior in suppressing "pressure loss" and has a superior "output density".
• the second metal porous body may be a nickel-cobalt metal porous body. This makes it possible to provide a solid-state electrochemical device with a superior "power density.”
• the second metal porous body may be a nickel metal porous body. This makes it possible to provide a solid-state electrochemical device with a superior "power density.”
• the second metal porous body may be a nickel-tin metal porous body. This makes it possible to provide a solid-state electrochemical device with a superior "power density.”
• the expression "from A to B” means the upper and lower limits of a range (i.e., greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B). If no unit is stated for A and only a unit is stated for B, the units of A and B are the same.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid electrochemical device according to an aspect of the present disclosure.
• a solid electrochemical device 100 includes: A solid electrolyte 11 having a first main surface 111 and a second main surface 112 opposite to the first main surface 111; a first electrode 12 having a third major surface 121 and a fourth major surface 122 that is the opposite surface of the third major surface 121, the first electrode 12 being provided such that the third major surface 121 faces the first major surface 111; a first current collector 20 having a fifth main surface 201 and a sixth main surface 202 that is the opposite surface of the fifth main surface 201, the first current collector 20 being provided such that the fifth main surface 201 faces the fourth main surface 122; A solid electrochemical device 100 comprising: a first interconnector 40 having a seventh main surface 401 and provided such that the seventh main surface 401 faces the sixth main surface 202; The seventh main surface 401 of the first interconnector 40 is a flat surface, The first current collector 20 is made of a first metal porous body
• the seventh main surface 401 of the first interconnector 40 is a flat surface. This allows the first interconnector 40 to be made thinner, thereby making it possible to reduce the overall size of the solid electrochemical device 100.
• the seventh main surface 401 of the first interconnector 40 is flat, which can reduce the overall size of the solid electrochemical device 100.
• "pressure loss" is likely to occur in the solid electrochemical device 100.
• the diffusibility of the fuel gas (hydrogen gas) and air is likely to decrease in the current collector, and the reactivity of the fuel gas (hydrogen gas) and the reactivity of the air are likely to decrease, which tends to reduce the output density of the solid electrochemical device 100.
• first current collector 20 of the solid electrochemical device 100 In the first current collector 20 of the solid electrochemical device 100 according to this embodiment, a plurality of first through holes 21 extending along a first direction from the fifth main surface 201 toward the sixth main surface 202 are formed in the fifth main surface 201. This suppresses an increase in "pressure loss.”
• gas (fuel gas or air) flowing into the solid electrochemical device 100 from the first interconnector 40 side is more easily diffused in the first current collector 20, suppressing a decrease in the "diffusibility" of the fuel gas or air, and thus suppressing a decrease in the output density of the solid electrochemical device 100.
• the solid electrochemical device 100 is a concept that encompasses both a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC).
• the solid electrochemical device 100 is in a sheet shape and can be considered to have a thirteenth main surface 101 and a fourteenth main surface 102.
• the thickness of the solid electrochemical device 100 may be 2.1 mm or less.
• the thickness of the solid electrochemical device 100 means the distance between the thirteenth main surface 101 and the fourteenth main surface 102. This makes it possible to provide a small solid electrochemical device 100.
• the upper limit of the thickness of the solid electrochemical device 100 may be 1.8 mm or 1.5 mm.
• the lower limit of the thickness of the solid electrochemical device 100 is not particularly limited, but may be 1 mm, 0.75 mm, or 0.5 mm from a manufacturing standpoint.
• the thickness of the solid electrochemical device 100 can be determined using a method similar to the measurement method for the "thickness of the first current collector 20" described below.
• the solid electrochemical device 100 of the present disclosure includes a solid electrolyte 11 having a first main surface 111 and a second main surface 112 that is the opposite surface to the first main surface 111.
• the solid electrolyte 11 is formed of yttria-stabilized zirconium (YSZ).
• the thickness of the solid electrolyte 11 may be 0.0005 mm or more and 0.05 mm or less. If the thickness of the solid electrolyte 11 is less than 0.0005 mm, it tends to be difficult for the solid electrolyte 11 in the solid electrochemical device 100 to function as the solid electrolyte 11. If the thickness of the solid electrolyte 11 is more than 0.05 mm, it tends to be difficult to miniaturize the solid electrochemical device 100.
• the thickness of the solid electrolyte 11 can be determined by a method similar to the method for measuring the "thickness of the first current collector 20" described below.
• the solid electrochemical device 100 of the present disclosure includes a first electrode 12 having a third main surface 121 and a fourth main surface 122 that is the opposite surface of the third main surface 121, and is provided so that the third main surface 121 faces the first main surface 111.
• the first electrode 12 may be a cathode or an anode. However, when the first electrode 12 is a cathode, the second electrode 13 described later is an anode, and when the first electrode 12 is an anode, the second electrode 13 described later is a cathode.
• the first electrode 12 may be formed of, for example, LSC (an oxide of lanthanum (La) strontium (Sr) cobalt (Co)).
• the first electrode 12 is an anode, it may be formed of, for example, a composite of YSZ and an oxide of nickel (Ni 2 O).
• the thickness of the first electrode 12 may be 0.1 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less. If the thickness of the first electrode 12 is less than 0.1 mm, it tends to be difficult for the electrode to function as an electrode in the solid electrochemical device 100. If the thickness of the first electrode 12 is more than 0.5 mm, it tends to be difficult to miniaturize the solid electrochemical device 100.
• the thickness of the first electrode 12 can be determined by a method similar to the method for measuring the "thickness of the first current collector 20" described below.
• the solid electrochemical device 100 of the present disclosure includes a first current collector 20 having a fifth main surface 201 and a sixth main surface 202 that is the opposite surface of the fifth main surface 201, and arranged so that the fifth main surface 201 faces the fourth main surface 122.
• first current collector 20 having a fifth main surface 201 and a sixth main surface 202 that is the opposite surface of the fifth main surface 201, and arranged so that the fifth main surface 201 faces the fourth main surface 122.
• the description that "bubbles are easily released to the outside” among the descriptions is to be read as "gas diffusibility is easily improved and pressure loss is easily suppressed.”
• the term "metal porous sheet” in the description is to be read as "first current collector”.
• the term "hole” in the description is to be read as "first through hole”.
• the term "first main surface” in the description is to be read as "fifth main surface”
• the term “second main surface” in the description is to be read as “sixth main surface”.
• the term “width W1" in the description is to be read as “first width”
• the term “width W2" is to be read as “second width”.
• the term “aperture ratio” in the description is to be read as "first aperture ratio”.
• the thickness of the first current collector 20 may be 0.05 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less. If the thickness of the first current collector 20 is less than 0.05 mm, it tends to be difficult for the first current collector 20 to function as a current collector in the solid electrochemical device 100. If the thickness of the first current collector 20 is more than 0.5 mm, it tends to be difficult to miniaturize the solid electrochemical device 100. The thickness of the first current collector 20 can be measured using a commercially available digital thickness gauge (Teclock Corporation).
• the fifth main surface 201 is formed with a plurality of first through holes 21 extending along a first direction from the fifth main surface 201 toward the sixth main surface 202. This makes it possible to suppress the "pressure loss” and improve the "output density" in the solid-state electrochemical device 100.
• the first through hole 21 has a first width 211 along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in a plan view of the fifth main surface 201, and a second width 212 along a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, and the average value of the first width 211 and the second width 212 may be 2 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
• the second direction is the direction in which the first width 211 is maximum. This can further suppress the increase in pressure loss and the decrease in output density.
• the lower limit of the average value of the first width 211 and the second width 212 may be 2 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm.
• the upper limit of the average value of the first width 211 and the second width 212 may be 20 mm, 15 mm, or 10 mm.
• the average value of the first width 211 and the second width 212 may be 4 mm or more and 15 mm or less, or 5 mm or more and 10 mm or less.
• the average value of the first width 211 and the second width 212 can be obtained by the following method. That is, in a plan view of the fifth main surface 201 of the first current collector 20, the first width 211 and the second width 212 are measured for any one of the first through holes 21. Next, a numerical value is calculated by dividing the sum of the first width 211 and the second width 212 by 2. Next, the numerical values are obtained by the same method for any other four first through holes 21. The average value of these numerical values is calculated, thereby making it possible to obtain the average value of the first width 211 and the second width 212.
• the first aperture ratio due to the first through holes 21 may be 2.0% or more and 35% or less.
• the first aperture ratio is a percentage of the total area S1 of the first through holes 21 relative to the area S2 of the fifth main surface 201. This can further suppress an increase in pressure loss and further suppress a decrease in output density.
• the lower limit of the first aperture ratio due to the first through holes 21 may be 2.0%, 5%, or 10%.
• the upper limit of the first aperture ratio due to the first through holes 21 may be 35%, 30%, or 25%.
• the first aperture ratio due to the first through holes 21 may be 5% or more and 30% or less, or 10% or more and 25% or less.
• the area S1 of the first through hole 21 and the area S2 of the fifth main surface 201 can be determined by the following method. First, image data of the fifth main surface 201 of the first current collector 20 is obtained by photographing the fifth main surface 201 of the first current collector 20 from a first direction. Next, the image data is subjected to a binarization process to identify the area where the first through hole 21 is formed and the other areas. Next, the area S1 of the first through hole 21 can be obtained by measuring the area of the area where the first through hole 21 is formed. In addition, the area S2 of the fifth main surface 201 can be obtained by measuring the area of the combined area of the "area where the first through hole 21 is formed" and the "other areas".
• the second aperture ratio due to the first through holes 21 may be 2.0% or more and 35% or less.
• the second aperture ratio is a percentage of the total area S1 of the first through holes 21 in the first region 203 relative to the area S3 of the first region 203. This can further suppress the increase in pressure loss and the decrease in output density.
• the second aperture ratio due to the first through holes 21 may be 2.0% or more, 5% or more, or 10% or more.
• the second aperture ratio due to the first through holes 21 may be 35% or less, 30% or less, or 25% or less.
• the second opening ratio due to the first through holes 21 may be 5% or more and 30% or less, or 10% or more and 25% or less.
• the area S3 of the first region 203 can be determined in a manner similar to the area S2 of the fifth main surface 201, except that the first region 203 is set by dividing the image data of the fifth main surface 201 of the first current collector 20 into nine equal parts based on the area. Note that, if the first through hole 21 is located across multiple first regions 203, only the area of the portion located within the first region 203 is measured.
• the multiple first through holes 21 may be arranged in multiple rows along the second direction.
• the multiple first through holes 21 included in each of the multiple rows may be arranged periodically at a first interval in the second direction.
• Each of the multiple rows may be arranged periodically at a second interval in the third direction.
• the first current collector 20 is made of a first metal porous body having a three-dimensional network structure.
• the first metal porous body means a porous body whose skeleton body contains a metal element as a main component.
• the skeleton body contains a metal element as a main component means that the total content of the metal element in the skeleton body exceeds 50 mass%.
• the “total content of metal elements" in the main body of the skeleton can be found by the following procedure. First, the portion where the skeleton extends is identified, and an observation image of a cross section perpendicular to the extension direction of the skeleton is obtained with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Next, analysis is performed using an EDX device attached to the SEM. For example, a "SUPRA35VP" manufactured by Carl Zeiss Microscopy Co., Ltd. is used as the SEM. For example, an "octane super” manufactured by Ametech Co., Ltd. is used as the EDX device. The mass percentage of each metal element in the main body of the skeleton is found based on the atomic concentration of each element detected by the EDX device. Next, the "total content of metal elements" in the main body of the skeleton can be found by adding up the "mass percentages of each metal element in the main body of the skeleton.”
• the first metal porous body may be a nickel-cobalt metal porous body. This can further suppress the decrease in power density.
• Nickel-cobalt metal porous body means a porous body in which the main body of the skeleton contains nickel element and cobalt element as main components.
• the main body of the skeleton contains nickel element and cobalt element as main components means that the main body of the skeleton contains both nickel element and cobalt element, and the total content of nickel element and cobalt element exceeds 50 mass%.
• the first metal porous body may be a nickel metal porous body. This can further suppress the decrease in power density.
• a nickel metal porous body means a porous body in which the main body of the skeleton contains nickel element as a main component.
• the main body of the skeleton contains nickel element as a main component means that the total content of nickel element in the main body of the skeleton exceeds 50 mass%.
• the first metal porous body may be a nickel-tin metal porous body. This can further suppress the decrease in power density.
• Nickel-tin metal porous body means a porous body in which the main body of the skeleton contains nickel element and tin element as the main components.
• the main body of the skeleton contains nickel element and tin element as the main components
• the main body of the skeleton contains both nickel element and tin element, and the total content of nickel element and tin element exceeds 50 mass%.
• the average pore size of the first metal porous body is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 100 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or more and 900 ⁇ m or less, or 400 ⁇ m or more and 800 ⁇ m or less.
• the contents of WO 2021/153406, with respect to the average pore size, are incorporated herein by reference.
• the solid electrochemical device 100 of the present disclosure includes a first interconnector 40 having a seventh main surface 401, the first interconnector 40 being provided so that the seventh main surface 401 faces the sixth main surface 202.
• the seventh main surface 401 of the first interconnector 40 is a flat surface.
• “the seventh main surface 401 is a flat surface” means that "no groove is formed in the seventh main surface 401". This allows the first interconnector 40 to be made thinner, and the solid electrochemical device 100 to be made smaller.
• the first interconnector 40 is formed of an iron-chromium (FeCr) alloy.
• the thickness of the first interconnector 40 may be 0.1 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less. If the thickness of the first interconnector 40 is less than 0.1 mm, it tends to be difficult for the first interconnector 40 to function as an interconnector in the solid electrochemical device 100. If the first interconnector 40 is more than 0.4 mm, it tends to be difficult to miniaturize the solid electrochemical device 100.
• the thickness of the first interconnector 40 can be determined by a method similar to the measurement method for the "thickness of the first current collector 20" described above.
• the solid electrochemical device 100 of the present disclosure preferably further includes a second electrode 13 having an eighth main surface 131 and a ninth main surface 132 opposite to the eighth main surface 131, the second electrode 13 being provided such that the eighth main surface 131 faces the second main surface 112.
• the second electrode 13 may be formed, for example, of LSC (an oxide of lanthanum (La) strontium (Sr) cobalt (Co)).
• the second electrode 13 may be formed, for example, of a composite of YSZ and an oxide of nickel (Ni 2 O).
• the thickness of the second electrode 13 may be 0.1 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less. If the thickness of the second electrode 13 is less than 0.1 mm, it tends to be difficult for the second electrode 13 to function as an electrode in the solid electrochemical device 100. If the thickness of the second electrode 13 is more than 0.5 mm, it tends to be difficult to miniaturize the solid electrochemical device 100.
• the thickness of the second electrode 13 can be determined by a method similar to the method for measuring the "thickness of the first current collector 20" described above.
• the solid electrochemical device 100 of the present disclosure may further include a second current collector 30 having a tenth main surface 301 and an eleventh main surface 302 that is the opposite surface of the tenth main surface 301, and arranged so that the tenth main surface 301 faces the ninth main surface 132.
• a second current collector 30 having a tenth main surface 301 and an eleventh main surface 302 that is the opposite surface of the tenth main surface 301, and arranged so that the tenth main surface 301 faces the ninth main surface 132.
• the description of "bubbles are easily released to the outside” among the descriptions is to be read as "gas diffusibility is easily improved and pressure loss is easily suppressed.”
• the term "metal porous sheet" in the description is to be read as "second current collector”.
• the term "hole” in the description is to be read as "second through hole”.
• first main surface in the description is to be read as "tenth main surface”
• the term “second main surface” in the description is to be read as "eleventh main surface”.
• first direction in the description is to be read as “fourth direction”
• second direction is to be read as “fifth direction”
• third direction is to be read as “sixth direction”.
• width W1 in the description is to be read as “third width”
• width W2 width
• aperture ratio in the description is to be read as "third aperture ratio”.
• the thickness of the second current collector 30 may be 0.05 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less. If the thickness of the second current collector 30 is less than 0.05 mm, it tends to be difficult for the second current collector 30 to function as a current collector in the solid electrochemical device 100. If the thickness of the second current collector 30 is more than 0.5 mm, it tends to be difficult to miniaturize the solid electrochemical device 100.
• the thickness of the second current collector 30 can be determined by a method similar to the method for measuring the "thickness of the first current collector 20" described above.
• the tenth main surface 301 may or may not have a plurality of second through holes 31 formed therein, extending along a fourth direction from the tenth main surface 301 to the eleventh main surface 302.
• the tenth main surface 301 may have a plurality of second through holes 31 formed therein, extending along a fourth direction from the tenth main surface 301 to the eleventh main surface 302. This can further suppress an increase in pressure loss and further suppress a decrease in power density.
• the second through hole 31 has a third width 311 along a fifth direction perpendicular to the fourth direction in a plan view of the tenth main surface, and a fourth width along a sixth direction perpendicular to the fourth direction and the fifth direction, and the average value of the third width 311 and the fourth width may be 2 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
• the fifth direction is taken as the direction in which the third width 311 is maximum. This can further suppress the increase in pressure loss and the decrease in output density.
• the lower limit of the average value of the third width 311 and the fourth width may be 2 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm.
• the upper limit of the average value of the third width 311 and the fourth width may be 20 mm, 15 mm, or 10 mm.
• the average value of the third width 311 and the fourth width may be 4 mm or more and 15 mm or less, or 5 mm or more and 10 mm or less.
• the average value of the third width 311 and the fourth width can be found by the following method. That is, in a plan view of the tenth main surface 301 of the second current collector 30, the third width 311 and the fourth width are measured for any one of the second through holes 31. Next, a numerical value is calculated by dividing the sum of the third width 311 and the fourth width by 2. Next, the numerical values are found for any other four second through holes 31 by the same method. The average value of these numerical values can be calculated to find the average value of the third width 311 and the fourth width.
• the third aperture ratio due to the second through holes 31 may be 2.0% or more and 35% or less.
• the third aperture ratio is a percentage of the total area S4 of the second through holes 31 relative to the area S5 of the tenth main surface 301. This can further suppress the increase in pressure loss and further suppress the decrease in output density.
• the lower limit of the third aperture ratio due to the second through holes 31 may be 2.0%, 5.0%, or 10%.
• the upper limit of the third aperture ratio due to the second through holes 31 may be 35%, 30%, or 25%.
• the third aperture ratio due to the second through holes 31 may be 5% or more and 30% or less, or 10% or more and 25% or less.
• the area S4 of the second through hole 31 and the area S5 of the tenth main surface 301 can be determined by the following method. First, image data of the tenth main surface 301 of the second current collector 30 is obtained by photographing the tenth main surface 301 of the first current collector 20 from the fourth direction. Next, the image data is subjected to a binarization process to identify the area where the second through hole 31 is formed and the other areas. Next, the area S4 of the second through hole 31 can be obtained by measuring the area of the area where the second through hole 31 is formed. In addition, the area S5 of the tenth main surface 301 can be obtained by measuring the area of the combined area of the "area where the second through hole 31 is formed" and the "other areas".
• the fourth aperture ratio due to the second through holes 31 may be 2.0% or more and 35% or less.
• the fourth aperture ratio is a percentage of the total area S4 of the second through holes 31 in the second region with respect to the area S6 of the second region. This can further suppress the increase in pressure loss and the decrease in output density.
• the fourth aperture ratio due to the second through holes 31 may be 2.0% or more, 5% or more, or 10% or more.
• the fourth aperture ratio due to the second through holes 31 may be 35% or less, 30% or less, or 25% or less.
• the fourth aperture ratio due to the second through holes 31 may be 5% or more and 30% or less, or 10% or more and 25% or less.
• the area S6 of the second region can be determined in a manner similar to that of the area S5 of the tenth main surface 301, except that the second region is set by dividing the image data of the tenth main surface 301 of the second current collector 30 into nine equal parts based on the area. Note that, if the first through hole 21 is located across multiple second regions, only the area of the portion located within the second region is measured.
• the second through holes 31 may be arranged in a plurality of rows along the fifth direction.
• the second through holes 31 included in each of the plurality of rows may be arranged periodically at a third interval in the fifth direction.
• Each of the plurality of rows may be arranged periodically at a fourth interval in the sixth direction.
• the second current collector 30 may be made of a second porous metal body having a three-dimensional network structure.
• the second metal porous body means a porous body in which the main body of the skeleton contains a metal element as a main component.
• the main body of the skeleton contains a metal element as a main component means that the total content of the metal elements in the main body of the skeleton exceeds 50 mass%.
• the "total content of the metal elements" in the main body of the skeleton can be determined by the same procedure as that for measuring the "total content of the metal elements" in the above-mentioned "first metal porous body".
• the second metal porous body may be a nickel-cobalt metal porous body. This can further suppress the decrease in power density. Note that the definition of the nickel-cobalt metal porous body here is the same as the definition of the nickel-cobalt metal porous body related to the first metal porous body.
• the second metal porous body may be a nickel metal porous body. This can further suppress the decrease in power density. Note that the definition of the nickel metal porous body here is the same as the definition of the nickel metal porous body related to the first metal porous body.
• the second metal porous body may be a nickel-tin metal porous body. This can further suppress the decrease in power density. Note that the definition of the nickel-tin metal porous body here is the same as the definition of the nickel-tin metal porous body related to the first metal porous body.
• the average pore size of the second metal porous body is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 100 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or more and 900 ⁇ m or less, or 400 ⁇ m or more and 800 ⁇ m or less.
• the contents of WO 2021/153406 with respect to the average pore size are incorporated herein by reference.
• the solid electrochemical device 100 of the present disclosure may further include a second interconnector 50 having a twelfth principal surface 501 and provided such that the twelfth principal surface 501 faces the eleventh principal surface 302 .
• the second interconnector 50 is formed of an iron-chromium (FeCr) alloy.
• the twelfth main surface of the second interconnector 50 may or may not be a flat surface.
• “the twelfth main surface 501 is a flat surface” means that "no groove is formed in the twelfth main surface 501".
• the twelfth main surface 501 of the second interconnector 50 may be a flat surface. This allows the solid electrochemical device 100 to be made smaller.
• the thickness of the second interconnector 50 may be 0.1 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less. If the thickness of the second interconnector 50 is less than 0.1 mm, it tends to be difficult for the second interconnector 50 to function as an interconnector in the solid electrochemical device 100. If the thickness of the second interconnector 50 is more than 0.4 mm, it tends to be difficult to miniaturize the solid electrochemical device 100.
• the thickness of the second interconnector 50 can be determined by a method similar to the measurement method for the "thickness of the first current collector 20" described above.
• a structure consisting of the solid electrolyte 11, the first electrode 12, and the second electrode 13 is defined as a cell.
• the thickness of the cell may be 0.2005 mm or more and 1.05 mm or less. If the thickness of the cell is less than 0.2005 mm, the function of the cell in the solid electrochemical device 100 tends to be difficult to be exerted. If the thickness of the cell is more than 1.05 mm, the size of the solid electrochemical device 100 tends to be difficult to be reduced.
• the lower limit of the thickness of the cell may be 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, or 0.35 mm.
• the upper limit of the thickness of the cell may be 0.9 mm, 0.8 mm, or 0.7 mm.
• the thickness of the cell may be 0.3 mm or more and 0.8 mm or less, or 0.35 mm or more and 0.7 mm or less.
• the thickness of the cell can be determined by calculating the sum of the "thickness of the solid electrolyte 11," the "thickness of the first electrode 12,” and the "thickness of the second electrode 13.”
• the solid-state electrochemical device 100 according to this embodiment can be manufactured by appropriately using a known method.
• the description "FeCr” in the “Composition” column of the “First Interconnector” column in Table 1 means that the first interconnector according to the sample is formed of an iron-chromium (FeCr) alloy.
• the description “NiCo” in the “Composition” column of the “First Current Collector” column in Table 1 means that the first current collector of the sample is made of a nickel-cobalt (NiCo) metal porous body.
• the description “LSC” in the “Composition” column of the “First Electrode” column in Table 1 means that the first electrode of the sample is formed of LSC (an oxide of lanthanum (La) strontium (Sr) cobalt (Co)).
• the description “YSZ” in the “Composition” column of the “Solid Electrolyte” column in Table 1 means that the solid electrolyte of the sample is formed of yttria-stabilized zirconium (YSZ).
• the description “Ni+YSZ” in the “Composition” column of the “Second Electrode” column in Table 1 means that the second electrode of the sample is formed of a composite of YSZ and nickel oxide (Ni 2 O).
• the description “Ni” in the “Composition” column of the “Second current collector” in Table 1 means that the second current collector of the sample is made of a nickel metal porous body.
• the description “FeCr” in the “Composition” column of the “Second interconnector” in Table 1 means that the second interconnector of the sample is formed of an iron-chromium (FeCr) alloy.
• solid-state electrochemical devices relating to samples 1 to 12, sample 101, and sample 102 were fabricated using known techniques, except for combining the first interconnector described in Table 1, the first current collector described in Table 1, the first electrode described in Table 1, the solid electrolyte described in Table 1, the second electrode described in Table 1, the second current collector described in Table 1, and the second interconnector described in Table 1.
• ⁇ Thickness of solid electrochemical device> The thickness of the solid electrochemical device of each sample was determined by the method described in embodiment 1. The results are shown in the "Thickness [mm] of solid electrochemical device” column in Table 1. Note that a "thickness [mm] of solid electrochemical device” of 2.10 mm or less means that the solid electrochemical device is small. Table 1 shows that the solid electrochemical devices of samples 1 to 12 and sample 102 are significantly smaller than the solid electrochemical device of sample 101.
• the degree of pressure loss of the solid electrochemical device according to sample 102 was determined by the following method, assuming that the degree of pressure loss of the solid electrochemical device according to sample 102 is 100. That is, air gas was flowed from the center of the first current collector under the condition of 0.5 L/min, and the pressure at the center when the air gas flowed radially from the center was measured using a digital differential pressure meter Testo512 manufactured by Testo Corporation. The degree of pressure loss corresponding to the pressure of sample 102 was set to 100, and the degree of pressure loss corresponding to the pressure in each sample was determined as a relative value. The obtained results are shown in the "Pressure Loss" column in Table 1.
• the degree of pressure loss of the solid electrochemical device according to sample 102 is 100
• the degree of pressure loss of the solid electrochemical device according to each sample being less than 100 means that the solid electrochemical device is excellent in suppressing pressure loss.
• Table 1 shows that the solid electrochemical devices according to Samples 1 to 12 are significantly superior to the solid electrochemical device according to Sample 102 in suppressing pressure loss.
• ⁇ Maximum power density of solid electrochemical device and maximum power density per unit thickness> The operating temperature was set to 750° C., hydrogen was flowed as a fuel gas at 0.2 L/min to the anode of the solid electrochemical device of each sample, and air was flowed at 0.3 L/min to the cathode, to determine the maximum power density.
• the first current collector was used as the cathode, and the second current collector was used as the anode. The results are shown in the “Maximum power density [mW/cm 2 ]” column in Table 1.
• the maximum power density per unit thickness was calculated by dividing the maximum power density of the solid-state electrochemical device by the thickness of the solid-state electrochemical device. The results are shown in the "Maximum power density per unit thickness [mW/ cm2 /mm]" column in Table 1.
• the maximum power density is "100 mW/cm 2 or more" and the maximum power density per unit thickness is "50 mW/cm 2 /mm or more", this means that the power density of the solid electrochemical device is excellent.
• the solid-state electrochemical devices according to Samples 1 to 12 Comparing the output densities of the solid-state electrochemical devices according to Samples 1 to 12 and Sample 102, which can be miniaturized, the solid-state electrochemical devices according to Samples 1 to 12 have exceptionally superior maximum output densities and exceptionally superior maximum output densities per unit thickness compared to the solid-state electrochemical device according to Sample 102. In other words, the solid-state electrochemical devices according to Samples 1 to 12 can have exceptionally superior output densities compared to the solid-state electrochemical device according to Sample 102.
• the first current collector is used as an air electrode current collector, but it is presumed that the same effect can be obtained even if the first current collector is used as a fuel electrode current collector instead of an air electrode current collector. This is because it is common technical knowledge for those skilled in the art to believe that if the power density is improved by improving the diffusibility of the air flowing in from the air electrode side, the power density will also be improved by improving the diffusibility of the hydrogen gas flowing in from the fuel electrode side.

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• 2023
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