WO2024125133A1 - 一种通信方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种通信方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024125133A1
WO2024125133A1 PCT/CN2023/128328 CN2023128328W WO2024125133A1 WO 2024125133 A1 WO2024125133 A1 WO 2024125133A1 CN 2023128328 W CN2023128328 W CN 2023128328W WO 2024125133 A1 WO2024125133 A1 WO 2024125133A1
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frame
duration
channel
confirmation
data frame
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PCT/CN2023/128328
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
凌学梦
胡晓通
王浩
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2024125133A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024125133A1/zh

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  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technology, and in particular, to a communication method and device.
  • Wireless local area networks can be widely used in scenarios such as smart homes, smart offices, or smart cars.
  • a device in a wireless local area network needs to send data, it needs to compete for channels with other devices in the wireless local area network. Therefore, there are many devices participating in the channel competition, which makes it more likely that collisions will occur between devices. For example, if a wireless local area network includes N devices, these N devices will participate in the channel competition at the same time, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. How to reduce the probability of collisions between devices is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and apparatus for reducing the probability of collision between devices.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can be executed by a first device, or can be executed by a module (such as a chip) of the first device.
  • a first device sends a first confirmation frame to a second device, the first confirmation frame indicates that the first device expects to access a channel, receives a first control frame from the second device, the first control frame indicates that the first device is allowed to access the channel, the first control frame includes the address of the first device, the second device is any device in the wireless local area network except the first device, and sends a first data frame to the second device.
  • the first confirmation frame is, for example, a block acknowledgment (BA) frame or a clear to send (CTS) frame.
  • the clear to send frame may also be referred to as a clear to send frame.
  • the first control frame is, for example, a CTS frame.
  • the first device may be a station (STA) or an access point (AP) in a wireless local area network.
  • any device in the wireless local area network can occupy a channel for another device (such as the first device), so that the first device can occupy the channel and send a data frame to the second device.
  • a part of the devices in the wireless local area network can occupy the channel for another part of the devices, which makes the devices participating in the channel competition become half of the total number of devices included in the wireless local area network.
  • the wireless local area network includes M devices, and the number of devices participating in the channel competition is (M/2), M is an integer greater than 1. Since the number of devices participating in the channel competition in the wireless local area network is reduced, the probability (or possibility) of collision between devices is reduced.
  • the first device can send a data frame after receiving the first control frame from the second device, so that the first device can quickly access the channel and send a data frame, which is conducive to reducing the waiting time for the first device to send a data frame, and is conducive to reducing the delay of the first device to send a data frame, and improving the communication efficiency of the wireless local area network.
  • the method before sending the first confirmation frame to the second device, the method further includes: receiving a second control frame or a second data frame from the second device, the second control frame or the second data frame indicating a first duration, the first duration including the duration for the second device to send the first control frame, and the first confirmation frame is used to indicate that the second control frame or the second data frame has been received.
  • the second control frame is, for example, RTS.
  • the start (or beginning) time of the duration (i.e., the first duration) for the second device to send the first control frame may be the time when the first device receives the second control frame or the second data frame
  • the end (or ending) time of the first duration may be the time when the first device receives the first control frame.
  • the second device can send a control frame (such as a second control frame) or a data frame (such as a second data frame) to the first device, and reserve the duration for the second device to send the first control frame through the second control frame or the second data frame, so that other devices in the wireless local area network except the second device can perceive the first duration, so that other devices can perform channel backoff in time, reduce channel contention, and thus improve the success rate of the second device sending the first control frame.
  • a control frame such as a second control frame
  • a data frame such as a second data frame
  • the first confirmation frame further indicates a second duration, wherein the second duration includes the first device's expected The length of time the channel is occupied.
  • the first device declares the duration (i.e., the second duration) it expects to occupy the channel through the first confirmation frame, so that the second device can determine the second duration through the first confirmation frame, thereby facilitating the second device to reserve sufficient duration for the first device later.
  • the first control frame further indicates a third duration, where the third duration includes a duration during which the first device occupies the channel.
  • the second device can also declare the duration of the first device occupying the channel (i.e., the third duration) through the first control frame, thus reserving the duration of the channel occupation for the first device, so that the first device has enough time to send data frames.
  • other devices in the wireless local area network except the first device and the second device can sense the duration of the first device occupying the channel, so that other devices can perform channel retreat in time, reduce the possibility of collision between devices, and also help to improve the success rate of the first device sending data frames.
  • the third duration is equal to the second duration.
  • the second device may reserve for the first device the duration that the first device expects to occupy the channel (ie, the second duration), so that the first device has enough time to transmit data frames.
  • the method further includes: setting the duration of a first timer to the third duration.
  • the first timer may be a software module or a hardware module in the first device.
  • the first timer is, for example, a transmission opportunity (TXOP) timer.
  • the first device may set the duration of the first timer to the third duration, so as to control the duration of sending the data frame according to the first timer.
  • the method before sending the first data frame to the second device, the method further includes: waiting for a short inter-frame interval and determining that the state of the channel is idle; or, determining that the state of the channel is updated from busy to idle, and the remaining duration of the first timer is greater than or equal to the priority inter-frame interval.
  • the first device may send the first data frame after waiting for the short interframe interval and the channel is idle, or the first device may send the first data frame after determining that the channel becomes idle and the remaining time of the first timer is greater than or equal to the priority interframe interval. In this way, it is possible to avoid the situation where the first device forcibly seizes the channel, causing other devices to fail to send data, which is beneficial to improving the success rate of the first device sending the first data frame and also beneficial to improving the communication reliability of the wireless local area network.
  • the method further includes: waiting for the priority interframe space.
  • the first device determines that the state of the channel is updated from busy to idle and the remaining duration of the first timer is greater than or equal to the priority inter-frame interval, it can also wait for the priority inter-frame interval. In this way, the channel can be better guaranteed to be idle, which is conducive to the first device to smoothly send the first data frame.
  • the method further includes: if the remaining duration of the first timer is greater than a fourth duration, sending a third data frame to the second device, and the fourth duration includes the duration for performing a data interaction between the first device and the second device.
  • the second device reserves a longer duration of occupying the channel for the first device, and sufficient time is reserved after the first device sends the first data frame.
  • the first device can continue to send the third data frame, so that the first device can make full use of the duration of the access channel reserved for the first device.
  • the method further includes: receiving a second confirmation frame from the second device, the second confirmation frame indicating that the second device has received the data frame from the first device.
  • the second confirmation frame indicates that the second device has received the first data frame or the third data frame from the first device.
  • the second confirmation frame for example, is a BA frame.
  • the second device after the second device receives the data frame from the first device, it can send a second confirmation frame to the first device, so that the first device can clearly know that the second device has received the data frame, thereby improving the reliability of the interaction between the first device and the second device.
  • the method further includes: when the remaining duration of the first timer is less than or equal to a first threshold, determining to end the interaction between the first device and the second device; or, when the remaining duration of the first timer is greater than the first threshold, sending an end frame to the second device, the end frame indicating the end of the interaction between the first device and the second device.
  • the end frame is, for example, a contention-free end (CF-END) frame.
  • the first device can send an end frame to the second device to end the interaction between the first device and the second device as soon as possible, thereby releasing the channel resources occupied by the first device in time.
  • the first device can directly determine the duration between the first device and the second device. The interaction ends, so that the channel resources occupied by the first device can be released in time, and the number of interactions between the first device and the second device can be reduced.
  • the first confirmation frame includes a duration field, and the value of the duration field is the second duration.
  • the first confirmation frame is, for example, a BA frame, and the duration field may be a duration field in the BA.
  • the second duration can be carried by the existing duration field of the first confirmation frame, without adding a new field in the first confirmation frame, which relatively reduces the changes to the frame structure of the first confirmation frame, and is conducive to reducing the cost and difficulty of applying this implementation.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can be executed by a second device, or can be executed by a module (such as a chip) of the second device.
  • the method includes: the second device receives a first confirmation frame from a first device, the first confirmation frame indicates that the first device expects to access a channel, the first device is any device in the wireless local area network except the second device, sends a first control frame to the first device, the first control frame indicates that the first device is allowed to access the channel, the first control frame includes the address of the first device, and receives a first data frame from the first device.
  • the second device may be a STA or an AP in a wireless local area network.
  • the method before receiving a first confirmation frame from a first device, the method further includes: sending a second control frame, or sending a second data frame to the first device, the second control frame or the second data frame indicating a first duration, the first duration including the duration for the second device to send the first control frame, and the first confirmation frame is used to indicate that the second control frame or the second data frame has been received.
  • the first confirmation frame further indicates a second duration, where the second duration includes a duration during which the first device expects to occupy the channel.
  • the method before receiving a first confirmation frame from a first device, the method further includes: sending a second control frame, or sending a second data frame to the first device, the second control frame or the second data frame indicating a first duration, the first duration including the duration for the second device to send the first control frame, and the first confirmation frame is used to indicate that the second control frame or the second data frame has been received.
  • the first confirmation frame further indicates a second duration, where the second duration includes a duration during which the first device expects to occupy the channel.
  • the first control frame further indicates a third duration, where the third duration includes a duration during which the first device occupies a channel.
  • the third duration is equal to the second duration.
  • the method further includes: setting the duration of a second timer to the third duration.
  • the second timer may be a timer in the second device, or a software module or a hardware module in the second device.
  • the second timer may be, for example, a TXOP timer.
  • the method further includes: sending a second confirmation frame to the first device, where the second confirmation frame indicates that the second device has received the data frame from the first device.
  • the method further includes: receiving an end frame from the first device, the end frame indicating the end of the interaction between the first device and the second device; or, when the remaining duration of the second timer is less than or equal to a first threshold, determining the end of the interaction between the first device and the second device.
  • the method further includes: receiving a third data frame from the first device.
  • the method before sending the first control frame to the first device, the method further includes: determining that the first device has a data frame to be sent.
  • the second device determines that the second time duration is greater than or equal to a second threshold, it determines that the first device has a data frame to be sent.
  • the second device can determine that the first device has data frames to be sent based on the second duration indicated by the first confirmation frame, thereby avoiding the situation where the second device reserves channel resources for the first device but the first device has no data frames to send, resulting in a waste of channel resources.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which may be the first device in the first aspect, or a module (such as a chip) of the first device.
  • the communication device includes corresponding means or modules for executing the first aspect or any possible implementation method.
  • the communication device includes a processing module (sometimes also referred to as a processing unit), and a transceiver module (sometimes also referred to as a transceiver unit).
  • the transceiver module is used to send a first confirmation frame to the second device under the control of the processing module, and receive a first confirmation frame from the second device.
  • the first control frame and the first data frame are sent to the second device.
  • the contents of the second device, the first confirmation frame and the first control frame can refer to the contents discussed in the first aspect above.
  • the communication device includes a storage module
  • the processing module can be coupled to the storage unit and execute the program or instructions in the storage module to enable the communication device to perform the function of the above-mentioned first device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which may be the second device in the second aspect above, or a module (such as a chip) of the second device.
  • the communication device includes corresponding means (means) or modules for executing the second aspect above or any possible implementation.
  • the communication device includes a processing module (sometimes also referred to as a processing unit), and a transceiver module (sometimes also referred to as a transceiver unit).
  • the transceiver module is used to receive a first confirmation frame from a first device under the control of the processing module, send a first control frame to the first device, and receive a first data frame from the first device.
  • the contents of the first device, the first confirmation frame, and the first control frame can refer to the contents discussed in the second aspect above.
  • the communication device includes a storage module (sometimes also referred to as a storage unit), and the processing module can be coupled to the storage module and execute the program or instructions in the storage module to enable the communication device to perform the functions of the above-mentioned second device.
  • a storage module sometimes also referred to as a storage unit
  • the processing module can be coupled to the storage module and execute the program or instructions in the storage module to enable the communication device to perform the functions of the above-mentioned second device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, the communication system comprising a first device and a second device.
  • the first device can implement the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner
  • the second device can implement the method described in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, comprising any first device in the third aspect and any second device in the fourth aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, comprising: a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is used to receive signals from other devices outside the communication device and transmit them to the processor or send signals from the processor to other devices outside the communication device, and the processor executes code instructions through a logic circuit to implement the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation method, or the method described in the second aspect or any possible implementation method.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, the chip system comprising: a processor and an interface.
  • the processor is used to call and run instructions from the interface, and when the processor executes the instructions, the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation method, or the method described in the second aspect or any possible implementation method is implemented.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which is used to store computer programs or instructions.
  • the computer-readable storage medium When executed, it implements the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation method, or the method described in the second aspect or any possible implementation method.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, implements the method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner, or the method described in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an interaction between devices
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a transmission control frame 1 and a confirmation frame 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of another transmission control frame 1 and confirmation frame 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of another transmission control frame 1 and confirmation frame 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a transmission data frame 1 and a confirmation frame 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a control frame 2 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a first device performing channel backoff according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of another first device performing channel backoff provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a first device performing channel backoff according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of another first device performing channel backoff provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a first device sending a data frame according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a first device sending an end frame according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present application providing a first device sending an end frame
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present application providing a first device sending an end frame
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • WLAN is a typical local area network (LAN).
  • a wireless LAN can be a WLAN that uses any of the 802.11 protocols of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), or a WLAN that uses future evolution protocols.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • the devices that can be included in a WLAN can be divided into two roles: AP and STA.
  • AP which is an access point for terminal devices (such as mobile phones) to access wired (or wireless) networks.
  • AP is equivalent to a bridge connecting wired networks and wireless networks. Its main function is to connect devices in various wireless networks together and then connect the wireless network to Ethernet.
  • AP can be a terminal device (such as a mobile phone) or a network device (such as an optical modem, router or switch) with a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi/WIFI) chip.
  • Wi-Fi/WIFI wireless fidelity
  • AP can be a device that supports the 802.11be standard, or it can be a device that supports multiple WLAN standards of the 802.11 series such as 802.11ax, 802.11ay, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11be next generation, or it can be an AP in the future evolution protocol.
  • STA which can be a wireless communication chip, a wireless sensor or a terminal device, etc.
  • STA can be a terminal device supporting Wi-Fi communication function, an Internet of Things (IoT) device supporting Wi-Fi communication function, a mobile phone supporting Wi-Fi communication function, a tablet supporting Wi-Fi communication function, a set-top box supporting Wi-Fi communication function, a smart TV supporting Wi-Fi communication function, a smart wearable device supporting WiFi communication function, a vehicle communication device supporting Wi-Fi communication function, and a computer supporting Wi-Fi communication function, etc.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • STA can support the 802.11be standard, or can also support multiple WLAN standards of the 802.11 series such as 802.11ax, 802.11ay, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11be next generation, or can also be a STA in the future evolution protocol.
  • IoT devices may include but are not limited to smart lamps, smart sockets, smart switches, smart cameras, smart appliances, smart set-top boxes, smart curtains or smart doors and other devices that support WiFi communication functions.
  • Terminal equipment is a device with wireless transceiver function, which can be a fixed device, mobile device, handheld device, wearable device, vehicle-mounted device, or a wireless device built into the above devices (for example, a communication module or chip system, etc.).
  • the terminal equipment is used to connect people, objects, machines, etc., and can be widely used in various scenarios, such as but not limited to the following scenarios: cellular communication, device-to-device communication (D2D), vehicle to everything (V2X), machine-to-machine/machine-type communication (M2M/MTC), Internet of things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wear, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots and other scenarios.
  • the terminal device may sometimes be referred to as user equipment (UE), terminal, access station, UE station, remote station, wireless communication device, or user device, etc.
  • the terminal device may be, for example, a super
  • SIFS Short inter-frame spacing
  • PIFS Priority interframe spacing
  • the number of nouns means “singular noun or plural noun", that is, “one or more”.
  • At least one means one or more
  • plural means two or more.
  • “And/or” describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist.
  • a and/or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the character "/” generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an “or” relationship.
  • A/B means: A or B.
  • “At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items.
  • At least one of a, b, or c means: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a and b and c, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a scenario applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1 can also be understood as a schematic diagram of the deployment of a device in a wireless local area network.
  • the wireless local area network may include multiple devices, and any two of the multiple devices can communicate with each other.
  • the device may be, for example, an IoT device or a terminal device, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the implementation form of the device in the wireless local area network.
  • the multiple devices shown in FIG1 may all be STAs or APs; or, some of the multiple devices may be STAs, and another part of the multiple devices may be APs.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the roles of the multiple devices in the wireless local area network.
  • the implementation of STA or AP may refer to the above.
  • a plurality of devices including five devices, namely, device 1 , device 2 , device 3 , device 4 and device 5 in FIG. 1 is taken as an example, and in practice, the number of devices included in the plurality of devices is not limited.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the interaction between devices under the channel competition mechanism.
  • the device 1 involved in FIG. 2 is, for example, the device 1 involved in FIG. 1, and the device 2 involved in FIG. 2 is, for example, the device 1 involved in FIG. 1.
  • the process of interaction between devices under the channel competition mechanism is described below in conjunction with FIG. 2.
  • Device 1 can use unicast to request to send (RTS) frames in the wireless LAN.
  • device 2 receives the RTS frames from device 1.
  • the device 1 is equivalent to broadcasting the need for the device 1 to send data frames in the wireless local area network.
  • Device 2 sends a CTS frame to device 1.
  • device 1 receives the CTS frame from device 2.
  • Device 1 sends a data frame to device 2.
  • device 2 receives the data frame from device 1.
  • Device 2 sends a BA frame to device 1.
  • Device 2 sends a data frame to device 1.
  • device 2 may send a data frame to device 1 after a backoff time.
  • Device 1 sends a BA frame to device 2.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, in which any device in the wireless local area network (such as the second device) can reserve a channel access opportunity for any device in the wireless local area network (such as the first device), the second device can instruct the first device to access the channel, and the first device can directly access the channel to send data frames.
  • any device in the wireless local area network such as the second device
  • the second device can instruct the first device to access the channel
  • the first device can directly access the channel to send data frames.
  • the first device involved in the various embodiments of the present application is, for example, any device involved in Figure 1, for example, device 1, device 2, device 3, device 4 or device 5 in Figure 1
  • the second device involved in the various embodiments of the present application is, for example, any device involved in Figure 1 except the first device.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the second device sends a control frame 1 or a data frame 1.
  • the first device receives the control frame 1 or the data frame 1 from the second device.
  • the control frame 1 may also be referred to as a second control frame.
  • the data frame 1 may be referred to as a second data frame.
  • the second device may be referred to as a local device, a transmitting end, or a transmitting device.
  • the first device may be referred to as a peer device, a receiving end, or a receiving device.
  • the second device may send the control frame 1 in a broadcast manner.
  • all devices except the second device in the wireless local area network may receive the control frame 1.
  • the second device may also send the control frame 1 in a unicast manner.
  • the second device may send the data frame 1 to the first device in a unicast manner.
  • control frame 1 or data frame 1 may indicate a first duration.
  • the first duration includes the duration for the second device to send control frame 2.
  • the duration for the second device to send control frame 2 may be the duration required after the second device sends control frame 1 or data frame 1 until control frame 2 is sent.
  • the first duration may be configured in the second device through a protocol. In this way, the second device may reserve the duration required to send control frame 2 in advance.
  • the control frame 2 may also be referred to as a first control frame.
  • the control frame 2 may indicate that the first device is allowed to access the channel.
  • the first control frame may include an address of the first device, such as a media access control (MAC) address of the first device.
  • MAC media access control
  • the first duration can be set by the second device according to demand.
  • the first duration includes the sum of SIFS and the duration required for the second device to transmit control frame 2 to the first device.
  • the start time of the first duration is the time when the first device receives control frame 1 or data frame 1
  • the end time of the first duration is the time when the first device receives control frame 2.
  • control frame 1 is, for example, an RTS frame.
  • control frame 1 or the data frame 1 may include a duration field, and the value of the duration field of the control frame 1 or the data frame 1 is the first duration.
  • the duration field is, for example, a duration field, for example, a duration field in an RTS frame.
  • the second device may also send an RTS frame to the first device. Accordingly, the first device may receive the RTS frame from the second device. The RTS frame indicates that the first device requests to send a data frame. After the first device receives the RTS frame from the second device, the first device may send a CTS frame to the second device. Accordingly, the second device receives the CTS frame from the first device. The CTS frame indicates that the first device has received the RTS frame from the second device.
  • the second device may send a self-CTS frame to the first device. Accordingly, the first device receives the self-CTS frame from the second device.
  • the receiver address (RA) of the self-CTS frame is the address of the second device.
  • the receiver address may also be referred to as the destination address.
  • the address of the second device is, for example, the MAC address of the second device.
  • the second device may send a DATA frame to the first device. Accordingly, the first device receives the DATA frame from the second device. After the first device receives the DATA frame from the second device, the first device may send a BA frame to the second device. Accordingly, the second device receives the BA frame from the first device. The BA frame indicates that the first device has received the DATA frame from the second device.
  • the first device sends an acknowledgement frame 1 to the second device.
  • the second device receives the acknowledgement frame 1 from the first device.
  • the acknowledgement frame 1 may also be referred to as a first acknowledgement frame.
  • the confirmation frame 1 indicates that the first device desires to access the channel.
  • the first confirmation frame may also indicate that a control frame 1 or a data frame 1 has been received from the first device.
  • the confirmation frame 1 is, for example, a CTS frame or a BA frame.
  • the confirmation frame 1 may be a CTS frame or a BA frame; or, in S301, if the second device sends a data frame 1 to the first device, then the confirmation frame 1 may be a BA frame.
  • the confirmation frame 1 may also indicate a second duration.
  • the second duration includes (or is) the duration that the first device expects (or hopes) to occupy the channel.
  • the value of the second duration may be set by the first device according to demand.
  • the confirmation frame 1 may include a duration field, and the value of the duration field is the second duration.
  • the duration field is, for example, the duration field in the confirmation frame 1.
  • the first device may also directly send the confirmation frame 1 to the second device.
  • S301 is an optional step, which is indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 3 .
  • the following is an example of a process in which the first device and the second device transmit data frame 1 and confirmation frame 1.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a transmission control frame 1 and a confirmation frame 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a second device sends a control frame 1 to a first device, the control frame 1 is an RTS frame, and the confirmation frame 1 is a CTS frame.
  • the second device can send a control frame 1 (i.e., an RTS frame). Accordingly, the first device receives a control frame 1 (i.e., an RTS frame) from the second device. In this way, the TXOP is started. After the first device receives a control frame 1 (i.e., an RTS frame) from the second device, the first device sends a confirmation frame 1 (i.e., a CTS frame) to the second device. Accordingly, the second device receives a confirmation frame 1 (i.e., a CTS frame) from the first device.
  • a confirmation frame 1 i.e., a CTS frame
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another transmission control frame 1 and confirmation frame 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a second device sends a data frame 1 to a first device, the data frame 1 is a DATA frame, and the confirmation frame 1 is a BA frame.
  • the second device can send an RTS frame. Accordingly, the first device receives the RTS frame from the second device. In this way, it is equivalent to starting the TXOP.
  • the first device sends a CTS frame to the second device. Accordingly, the second device receives the CTS frame from the first device.
  • the second device can send data frame 1 to the first device. Accordingly, the first device receives data frame 1 from the second device.
  • the first device can send confirmation frame 1 (i.e., BA frame) to the second device. Accordingly, the second device receives confirmation frame 1 (i.e., BA frame) from the first device.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another transmission control frame 1 and confirmation frame 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a second device sends a data frame 1 to a first device, the data frame 1 is a DATA frame, and the confirmation frame is a BA frame.
  • the second device can send a self-CTS frame. Accordingly, the first device receives the self-CTS frame from the second device. In this way, it is equivalent to starting the TXOP.
  • the second device sends a data frame 1 (i.e., a DATA frame) to the first device. Accordingly, the first device receives a data frame 1 (i.e., a DATA frame) from the second device.
  • the second device sends an acknowledgment frame 1 (i.e., a BA frame) to the first device. Accordingly, the first device receives an acknowledgment frame 1 (i.e., a BA frame) from the second device.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another transmission data frame 1 and confirmation frame 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a second device sends a data frame 1 to a first device, the data frame 1 is a DATA frame, and the confirmation frame is a BA frame.
  • the second device can send a DATA frame. Accordingly, the first device receives a DATA frame from the second device. This is equivalent to starting a TXOP.
  • the first device sends a BA frame to the second device. Accordingly, the second device receives the BA frame from the first device.
  • the second device sends a data frame 1 (DATA frame) to the first device. Accordingly, the first device receives the data frame 1 (DATA frame) from the second device.
  • the first device sends an acknowledgment frame 1 (i.e., a BA frame) to the second device, and accordingly, the second device receives the acknowledgment frame 1 (i.e., a BA frame) from the first device.
  • the second device determines that the first device has a data frame to be sent.
  • the second duration indicated by the confirmation frame 1 from the first device is greater than or equal to the second threshold, it is determined that the first device has data to be sent.
  • the second threshold can be configured in the second device through a protocol, or the first device and the second device negotiate and agree in the second device. If the second duration indicated by the confirmation frame 1 from the first device is less than the second threshold, it is determined that the first device has no data to be sent.
  • the confirmation frame 1 may also indicate that the first device has data frames to be sent, or indicate that the first device does not have data frames to be sent.
  • the second device may parse the confirmation frame 1 to determine whether the first device has data frames to be sent.
  • the second device if the second device sends the control frame 1 by broadcasting, all devices in the wireless local area network except the second device can send a confirmation frame 1 to the second device.
  • the second device also determines the device among other devices that meets the first condition as a device for accessing the channel (in the embodiment of the present application, the device for accessing the channel is taken as the first device for example).
  • the first condition includes that the first device has data to be sent and/or the first device is the device with the highest priority among other devices.
  • the manner in which the second device determines that the first device has data to be sent can refer to the content of the previous text.
  • the priority of other devices can be agreed upon through a protocol, or can be manually configured in the second device.
  • the second device can select a device that meets the first condition from other devices as a device for accessing the channel, so that a device with a higher priority can send data frames first.
  • the second device determines the device that accesses the channel, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this.
  • the second device may not need to confirm whether the first device has data to be sent.
  • step S303 there is no need to execute step S303, that is, S303 is an optional step, which is indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 3 .
  • the second device sends a control frame 2 to the first device.
  • the first device receives the control frame 2 from the second device.
  • the control frame 2 may also be referred to as a first control frame.
  • control frame 2 may refer to the above text.
  • control frame 2 may allow the first device to access the channel through the address indication of the first device.
  • control frame 2 indicates a third duration.
  • the third duration includes (or is) the duration of the first device occupying the channel.
  • the third duration can be understood as the duration of the second device actually reserving the channel for the first device.
  • the third duration is regarded as the duration of a TXOP. Accordingly, the third duration can be represented by handshake (HS)-TXOP or TXOP.
  • the second device may determine the value of the third duration according to demand and/or channel status.
  • the second device may set the value of the third duration to be greater than or equal to the first value. If the second device determines that the first device has less data to be sent, the second device may set the value of the third duration to be less than the first value.
  • the first value may be preconfigured in the second device, for example, manually configured in the second device, or configured in the second device through a protocol.
  • the channel state includes, for example, a busy state of the channel.
  • the value of the third duration may be set to be greater than the second value. If the second device determines that the channel is idle, the value of the third duration may be set to be less than the second value.
  • the second device may determine the third duration based on the second duration.
  • the third duration may be equal to the second duration.
  • the third duration is greater than the second duration.
  • the second duration also takes into account the duration of the second device transmitting the control frame 2 to the first device, then the third duration may be equal to the difference between the second duration and the duration of the second device transmitting the control frame 2 to the first device.
  • control frame 2 may also include a duration field, and the value of the duration field is the third duration.
  • control frame 2 may be, for example, a CTS frame, or a HS-CTS frame.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a control frame 2 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the frame of the control frame 2 includes a frame control field, a duration field, an RA field, and a frame check sequence (FCS) field.
  • FCS frame check sequence
  • the frame control field indicates the type of control frame 2, such as a control frame.
  • the duration field indicates the duration, such as a third duration.
  • the RA field indicates a receiver address, such as an address of the first device.
  • the FCS field indicates verification information, which is used to verify control frame 2.
  • the frame control field may include a type byte and a subtype byte.
  • the type byte indicates the type to which the control frame 2 belongs, and the subtype byte indicates the specific type of the control frame 2 under the type to which it belongs.
  • the value of the type byte is 1, indicating that the control frame 2 is a control frame, and the value of the subtype byte is 12, indicating that the control frame 2 is a CTS frame under the control frame.
  • the second device may set the duration of the second timer of the second device to the third duration after determining that the first device receives the control frame 2.
  • the second timer may be a hardware module or a software module in the second device, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the duration of the first timer of the first device can also be set to the third duration.
  • the first timer can be a hardware module or a software module in the second device, and this embodiment of the application does not limit this.
  • the first timer is, for example, a TXOP timer of the first device.
  • the first device sends data frame 2 to the second device.
  • the second device receives data frame 2 from the first device.
  • Data frame 2 may also be referred to as a first data frame.
  • the first device After receiving the control frame 2, the first device determines that the RA in the control frame 2 is the address of the first device, and thus determines that it is ready to start the HS-TXOP with the second device.
  • the data frame 2 may carry service data, such as indicating the operating power or power level of the first device.
  • the first device may perform channel backoff before sending the data frame 2.
  • the following describes a possible situation in which the first device performs channel backoff.
  • Case 1 After receiving the control frame 2, the first device determines that the channel is idle, and may send the data frame 2 to the second device after waiting for SIFS.
  • the first device may determine whether the channel is idle based on a clear channel assessment (CCA). For example, the first device may monitor the physical carrier to determine the energy of the channel, and if the energy of the channel is greater than or equal to a third threshold, it indicates that the channel is busy. If the energy of the channel is less than the third threshold, it indicates that the channel is idle.
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • the third threshold may be configured in the first device through a protocol, or may be manually configured in the first device.
  • the first device may monitor the virtual carrier, and if the duration indicated by the frame header of the data frame or control frame received by the first device is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold, it is determined that the channel is busy. If the duration indicated by the frame header of the data frame or control frame received by the first device is less than the fourth threshold, it is determined that the channel is idle.
  • the way in which the first device obtains the fourth threshold can refer to the content of the first device obtaining the third threshold in the above text.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a first device performing channel backoff provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first device waits for SIFS and the channel is idle, and then sends data frame 2 to the second device.
  • FIG9 also illustrates the interaction process between the first device and the second device before the first device receives the control frame 2.
  • the second device can send a control frame 1 or a data frame 1 to the first device.
  • the first device After receiving the control frame 1 or the data frame 1, the first device sends a confirmation frame 1 to the second device.
  • Case 2 When the first device determines that the channel status is updated (or changed) from busy to idle, and the remaining duration of the first timer is greater than or equal to PIFS, the first device sends data frame 2 to the second device.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another first device performing channel backoff provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first device determines to wait for SIFS and determines that the channel is busy.
  • the duration of the channel busy is b1 for illustration.
  • the first device determines that the channel is updated to idle after the duration b1, and the remaining duration of the first timer is greater than PIFS.
  • the first device can send data frame 2 to the second device.
  • FIG10 also illustrates the interaction process between the first device and the second device before the first device receives the control frame 2.
  • the second device can send a control frame 1 or a data frame 1 to the first device.
  • the first device can also send a confirmation frame 1 to the second device.
  • Case three when the first device determines that the channel status is updated (or changed) from busy to idle, and the remaining duration of the first timer is greater than or equal to PIFS, after waiting for PIFS, data frame 2 is sent to the second device.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of another first device performing channel backoff provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first device determines to wait for SIFS and determines that the channel is busy.
  • the duration of the channel busy is b1 for illustration.
  • the first device determines that the channel is updated to idle after the duration b1, and the remaining duration of the first timer is greater than PIFS.
  • the first device can wait for PIFS and then send data frame 2 to the second device.
  • FIG11 also illustrates the interaction process between the first device and the second device before the first device receives the control frame 2.
  • the second device can send a control frame 1 or a data frame 1 to the first device.
  • the first device can also send a confirmation frame 1 to the second device.
  • Case 4 The state determined by the first device is updated from busy to idle, and the remaining duration of the first timer is less than PIFS, then the first The device may abandon sending the data frame.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of another first device performing channel backoff provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first device determines to wait for SIFS and determines that the channel is busy.
  • the duration of the channel busy is b1 for illustration.
  • the first device determines that the channel is updated to idle after b1 duration, and the remaining duration of the first timer is less than PIFS, so the first device can give up sending data frames to the second device.
  • FIG12 also illustrates the interaction process between the first device and the second device before the first device receives the control frame 2.
  • the second device can send a control frame 1 or a data frame 1 to the first device.
  • the first device can also send a confirmation frame 1 to the second device.
  • data frame 2 may carry the remaining duration of the first timer.
  • the second device may send a confirmation frame 2 to the first device, and the confirmation frame 2 may also be referred to as a fourth confirmation frame.
  • the confirmation frame 2 indicates that the data frame 2 has been received.
  • the first device can determine that the second device has successfully received the data frame 2.
  • the confirmation frame 2 may be a BA frame.
  • the confirmation frame 2 may carry the remaining duration of the second timer.
  • the first device sends data frame 3 to the second device.
  • the second device receives data frame 3 from the first device.
  • Data frame 3 may also be referred to as a third data frame.
  • the first device may also perform channel backoff before sending data frame 3.
  • the content of the first device performing channel backoff can refer to the content of the first device performing channel backoff before sending data frame 2, which will not be repeated here.
  • the first device if the remaining duration of the first timer is greater than the fourth duration after the first device sends data frame 2, the first device sends a third data frame to the second device. In this way, the first device can fully utilize the channel access duration reserved by the second device for the first device to send more data frames, and the first device can directly send subsequent data frames without accessing the channel again, etc., thereby reducing the interaction between the first device and the second device.
  • the fourth duration refers to the duration of a data interaction between the first device and the second device.
  • the fourth duration may be, for example, the sum of SIFS and the duration required for the first device to send a data frame to the second device.
  • the fourth duration may be, for example, the sum of two SIFS, the duration required for the first device to send a data frame to the second device, and the duration required for the second device to send a confirmation frame indicating receipt of the data frame to the first device.
  • step S306 is an optional step, which is indicated by a dotted line in Figure 3.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a first device sending a data frame provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first device sends a data frame 2 to the second device.
  • the second device receives the data frame 2 from the first device.
  • the second device may send a confirmation frame 2 to the first device.
  • the first device receives a confirmation frame 2 from the second device. If the first device determines that the remaining duration of the first timer is greater than the fourth threshold, it may wait for SIFS and the channel is idle, and may send a data frame 3 to the second device. Accordingly, the second device receives the data frame 3 from the first device.
  • FIG13 also illustrates the interaction process between the first device and the second device before the first device sends the data frame 2.
  • the second device can send a control frame 1 or a data frame 1 to the first device.
  • the first device After receiving the control frame 1 or the data frame 1, the first device sends a confirmation frame 1 to the second device.
  • the second device After receiving the confirmation frame 1, the second device sends a control frame 2 to the first device.
  • data frame 3 may also carry the remaining duration of the first timer.
  • the second device may send a confirmation frame 3 to the first device, and the confirmation frame 3 indicates that the second device has received the data frame 3.
  • the confirmation frame 3 may be a BA frame.
  • the confirmation frame 3 may also carry the remaining duration of the second timer.
  • the first device may continue to send data frame 4 to the second device, and data frame 4 may also be referred to as the fourth data frame, and so on.
  • the first device may also perform channel backoff before sending data frame 4.
  • the content of channel backoff can also refer to the content discussed above and will not be repeated here.
  • the second device may send confirmation frame 4 to the first device, and confirmation frame 4 indicates that the second device has received data frame 4.
  • confirmation frame 4 may be a BA frame.
  • the data frame 4 may also carry the remaining duration of the first timer.
  • the confirmation frame 4 may also carry the remaining duration of the second timer.
  • the second device sends a confirmation frame 5 to the first device. Accordingly, the first device receives the confirmation frame 5 from the second device.
  • the confirmation frame 5 may also be referred to as a second confirmation frame.
  • the confirmation frame 5 may indicate that the second device has received the data frame from the first device.
  • the confirmation frame 5 may indicate that the second device has received the data frame 2.
  • Data frame 2 from the first device in this case, confirmation frame 5 is the same as confirmation frame 2 in the above text.
  • confirmation frame 5 can indicate that the second device has received data frame 3 from the first device, in this case, confirmation frame 5 is the same as confirmation frame 3 in the above text.
  • confirmation frame 5 can indicate that the second device has received data frame 4 from the first device, in this case, confirmation frame 5 is the same as confirmation frame 4 in the above text.
  • the confirmation frame 5 may be a BA frame.
  • S308 The first device sends an end frame to the second device.
  • the second device receives the end frame from the first device.
  • the end frame is used to indicate that the interaction between the first device and the second device ends.
  • the first device after the first device sends data frame 2, data frame 3, or data frame 4 to the second device, or after the first device determines to give up sending data frames to the second device, when the first device determines that the remaining duration of the first timer is greater than the first threshold, the first device sends an end frame to the second device. In this way, the second device can determine that the interaction with the first device is over.
  • the first threshold can be manually configured in the first device, or configured in the first device through a protocol.
  • the end frame may be a CF-END frame.
  • the first device may not need to send an end frame to the second device.
  • S308 does not need to be executed, that is, S308 is an optional step, which is indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 3 .
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a first device sending an end frame provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 14, after the first device determines to give up sending a data frame to the second device, the first device can send an end frame to the second device.
  • FIG14 also illustrates the interaction process between the first device and the second device before the first device sends the end frame.
  • the second device can send a control frame 1 or a data frame 1 to the first device.
  • the first device After receiving the control frame 1 or the data frame 1, the first device sends a confirmation frame 1 to the second device.
  • the second device After receiving the confirmation frame 1, the second device sends a control frame 2 to the first device.
  • FIG. 15 is another schematic diagram of a first device sending an end frame provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first device determines that the remaining duration of the first timer (indicated by c1 in FIG. 15) is greater than the first threshold, and then the first device sends an end frame to the second device.
  • FIG15 also illustrates the interaction process between the first device and the second device before the first device sends the end frame.
  • the second device can send a control frame 1 or a data frame 1 to the first device.
  • the first device After receiving the control frame 1 or the data frame 1, the first device sends a confirmation frame 1 to the second device.
  • the second device After receiving the confirmation frame 1, the second device sends a control frame 2 to the first device.
  • S309 The first device determines that the interaction with the second device is ended.
  • the first device may directly determine that the interaction with the second device ends without sending an end frame to the second device.
  • the first device may determine that the interaction with the second device ends when it is determined that the remaining duration of the first timer is less than or equal to the first threshold.
  • S310 The second device determines that the interaction with the first device is ended.
  • the first device may also directly determine that the interaction with the second device ends without sending an end frame to the second device.
  • the second device may determine that the interaction with the first device ends when it is determined that the remaining duration of the second timer is less than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the manner in which the second device configures the first threshold may refer to the content of the first device configuring the first threshold in the above text.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of a first device sending an end frame provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first device determines that the remaining duration of the first timer (indicated by c1 in FIG16) is less than or equal to the first threshold, and can directly determine that the interaction with the second device ends, and the second device determines that the remaining duration of the second timer (indicated by c1 in FIG16) is less than or equal to the first threshold, and can directly determine that the interaction with the first device ends.
  • FIG16 also illustrates the interaction process between the first device and the second device before the first device sends the end frame.
  • the second device can send a control frame 1 or a data frame 1 to the first device.
  • the first device After receiving the control frame 1 or the data frame 1, the first device sends a confirmation frame 1 to the second device.
  • the second device After receiving the confirmation frame 1, the second device sends a control frame 2 to the first device.
  • the first device can send a data frame 2 to the second device.
  • the second device can send a confirmation frame 2 to the first device.
  • the first device or the second device may actively determine that the interaction ends without the first device sending an end frame to the second device, thereby reducing the interaction between the first device and the second device.
  • S309 - S310 are optional steps, which are indicated by dotted lines in FIG. 3 .
  • S308 and S309-S310 are two situations. During an interaction process between the first device and the second device, either step S308 or steps S309-S310 are executed.
  • the second device in the wireless local area network may be another device (such as the first device) in the wireless local area network. Reserving channels, so that the number of devices participating in channel competition in the wireless local area network is reduced, and the probability of collision between devices is reduced.
  • the first device receives the control frame 2 from the second device, it can transmit the data frame, thereby reducing the waiting time of the first device and effectively controlling the delay of the first device sending the data frame, which is beneficial to improving the experience of delay-sensitive services.
  • the first device and the second device can actively end the interaction, which is beneficial to reduce the number of interactions between the first device and the second device.
  • there is no need to improve the frame structure of the frame (such as a data frame or a control frame), so that the implementation cost of the solution is low and simple.
  • the present application embodiment provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device. Please refer to FIG17 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in the present application embodiment.
  • the communication device 1700 includes a processing module 1701 and a transceiver module 1702 .
  • the communication device 1700 can implement the functions of any of the first devices described above, for example, the functions of the first device described above in FIG3. Accordingly, the communication device 1700 can implement the steps performed by any of the first devices described above.
  • the transceiver module 1702 may send a confirmation frame 1 to the second device and receive a control frame 2 from the second device.
  • the transceiver module 1702 may receive a control frame 1 or a data frame 1 from the second device, send a data frame 3 to the second device, receive a confirmation frame 3 from the second device, and send an end frame to the second device under the control of the processing module 1701.
  • the processing module 1701 may also determine that the interaction with the second device is over.
  • the contents of the confirmation frame 1, the control frame 2, the data frame 3, the confirmation frame 3, and the end frame may refer to the contents discussed above.
  • the communication device 1700 can implement the functions of any second device described above, for example, the functions of the second device described above in FIG3. Accordingly, the communication device 1700 can implement the steps performed by any second device described above.
  • the transceiver module 1702 may receive a confirmation frame 1 from the first device, send a control frame 2 to the first device, and receive a data frame 2 from the first device under the control of the processing module 1701.
  • the transceiver module 1702 may send a control frame 1 or a data frame 1 to the first device, receive a data frame 3 from the first device, send a confirmation frame 3 to the first device, and receive an end frame from the first device under the control of the processing module 1701.
  • the processing module 1701 may also determine that the first device has a data frame to be sent, and determine that the interaction with the first device is ended.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a communication device 1800 includes a processor 1801 and a communication interface 1802. It can be understood that the communication interface 1802 can be a transceiver or an input-output interface. Among them, the processor 1801 and the communication interface 1802 can implement any of the communication methods described above, for example, the communication method shown in Figure 3 above can be implemented.
  • the processor 1801 may be a central processing unit (CPU), other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • DSP digital signal processors
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuits
  • FPGA field programmable gate arrays
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.
  • the communication device 1800 may further include a memory 1803 for storing instructions executed by the processor 1801 or storing input data required for the processor 1801 to run instructions or storing data generated after the processor 1801 runs instructions.
  • the communication device 1800 may implement the functions of the communication device 1700 in FIG17 .
  • the processor 1801 is used to implement the functions of the processing module 1701
  • the communication interface 1802 is used to implement the functions of the transceiver module 1702 .
  • the communication device 1800 can implement the functions of any of the first devices described above. Accordingly, the communication device 1800 can implement the steps performed by the first device described above.
  • the communication device 1800 can implement the functions of any of the second devices described above. Accordingly, the communication device 1800 can implement the steps performed by the second device described above.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, which includes a first device and a second device.
  • the function of the first device can refer to the function of any of the first devices in the foregoing text, for example, the function of the first device involved in FIG3.
  • the function of the second device can refer to the function of any of the second devices in the foregoing text, for example, the function of the second device involved in FIG3.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a chip system, which includes: a processor and an interface.
  • the processor is used to call and run instructions from the interface, and when the processor executes the instructions, the communication method described in any of the above items is implemented, for example, the communication method shown in FIG. 3 is implemented.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which is used to store computer programs or instructions.
  • the computer-readable storage medium When executed, it implements the communication method described in any of the above texts, for example, the communication method shown in FIG. 3 above.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product including instructions, which, when executed on a computer, implements any of the communication methods described above, for example, the communication method shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the method steps in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware, or by a processor executing software instructions.
  • the software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and the software modules can be stored in a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an erasable programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, a register, a hard disk, a mobile hard disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and can write information to the storage medium.
  • the storage medium can also be a component of the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium can be located in an ASIC.
  • the ASIC can be located in a base station or a terminal.
  • the processor and the storage medium can also be present in a base station or a terminal as discrete components.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user device or other programmable device.
  • the computer program or instruction may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer program or instruction may be transmitted from one website site, computer, server or data center to another website site, computer, server or data center by wired or wireless means.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that integrates one or more available media.
  • the available medium may be a magnetic medium, for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape; it may also be an optical medium, for example, a digital video disc; it may also be a semiconductor medium, for example, a solid-state hard disk.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be a volatile or nonvolatile storage medium, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile types of storage media.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种通信方法及装置，涉及通信技术领域，该方法用于减少设备间的碰撞。在所述方法中，无线局域网中的任一设备(如第一设备)可向无线局域网中除了第一设备之外的设备(如第二设备)发送第一确认帧，所述第一确认帧指示所述第一设备期望接入信道，第一设备接收来自所述第二设备的第一控制帧，所述第一控制帧指示允许所述第一设备接入信道，所述第一控制帧包括所述第一设备的地址；向所述第二设备发送第一数据帧。如此，减少无线局域网中参与信道竞争的设备，从而降低设备间发生碰撞的可能性。

Description

一种通信方法及装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年12月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211602571.3、申请名称为“一种通信方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法及装置。
背景技术
无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)可被广泛应用于智慧家庭、智慧办公或智能车载等场景。
目前，无线局域网中的一个设备需发送数据，则需要与该无线局域网中的其他设备共同竞争信道。由此可见，参与信道竞争的设备数量较多，这使得设备间发生碰撞的可能性较大。例如，无线局域网中包括N个设备，则这N个设备会同时参与信道竞争，N为大于1的正整数。而如何降低设备间发生碰撞的概率是亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种通信方法及装置，用于降低设备间发生碰撞的概率。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，该方法可由第一设备执行，或者可由第一设备的模块(如芯片)来执行。为了便于描述，下文以第一设备执行该方法为例进行说明。所述方法包括：第一设备向第二设备发送第一确认帧，所述第一确认帧指示所述第一设备期望接入信道，接收来自所述第二设备的第一控制帧，所述第一控制帧指示允许所述第一设备接入信道，所述第一控制帧包括所述第一设备的地址，所述第二设备为所述无线局域网中除了所述第一设备之外的任一设备，以及向所述第二设备发送第一数据帧。
可选的，第一确认帧例如为块确认(block acknowledgement，BA)帧或准许发送(clear to send，CTS)帧。准许发送帧也可称为允许发送帧。可选的，第一控制帧例如为CTS帧。可选的，第一设备可为无线局域网中的站点(station，STA)或者接入点(access point，AP)。
在本申请实施例中，无线局域网中的任一设备(如第二设备)可为另一设备(如第一设备)占用信道，使得第一设备可占用信道，向第二设备发送数据帧。如此，相当于无线局域网中一部分设备可为另一部分设备占用信道，这使得参与信道竞争的设备变为无线局域网中包括设备的总数量的一半，例如，无线局域网包括M个设备，则参与信道竞争的设备数量为(M/2)，M为大于1的整数，由于减少了无线局域网中参与信道竞争的设备的数量，因此降低了设备间发生碰撞的概率(或可能性)。并且，第一设备可在接收来自第二设备的第一控制帧之后，发送数据帧，使得第一设备可快速地接入信道，并发送数据帧，这有利于降低第一设备发送数据帧的等待时长，有利于降低第一设备发送数据帧的时延，提高无线局域网的通信效率。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在向第二设备发送第一确认帧之前，所述方法还包括：接收来自所述第二设备的第二控制帧或第二数据帧，所述第二控制帧或所述第二数据帧指示第一时长，所述第一时长包括所述第二设备发送所述第一控制帧的时长，所述第一确认帧用于表示已接收所述第二控制帧或所述第二数据帧。可选的，第二控制帧例如为RTS。可选的，第二设备发送第一控制帧的时长(即第一时长)的起始(或开始)时刻可为第一设备接收第二控制帧或第二数据帧的时刻，第一时长的终止(或结束)时刻可为第一设备接收第一控制帧的时刻。
在上述实施方式中，第二设备可向第一设备发送控制帧(如第二控制帧)或数据帧(如第二数据帧)，并通过第二控制帧或第二数据帧预留第二设备发送第一控制帧的时长，使得无线局域网中除了第二设备之外的其他设备能够感知第一时长，使得其他设备可及时进行信道退避，减少信道竞争，从而提高第二设备发送第一控制帧的成功率。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一确认帧还指示第二时长，所述第二时长包括所述第一设备期望 占用所述信道的时长。
在上述实施方式中，第一设备通过第一确认帧申明其期望占用信道的时长(即第二时长)，使得第二设备能够通过第一确认帧确定第二时长，便于第二设备后续为第一设备预留足够的时长。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一控制帧还指示第三时长，所述第三时长包括所述第一设备占用所述信道的时长。
在上述实施方式中，第二设备还可通过第一控制帧申明第一设备占用信道的时长(即第三时长)，也就为第一设备预留了占用信道的时长，使得第一设备具有足够的时间发送数据帧。并且，使得无线局域网中除了第一设备和第二设备之外的其他设备能够感知第一设备占用信道的时长，使得其他设备可及时进行信道退避，减少设备间发生碰撞的可能性，也有利于提高第一设备发送数据帧的成功率。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第三时长等于所述第二时长。
在上述实施方式中，第二设备可为第一设备预留第一设备期望占用信道的时长(即第二时长)，使得第一设备具有足够的时间传输数据帧。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述方法还包括：将第一定时器的时长设置为所述第三时长。第一定时器可为第一设备中的软件模块或硬件模块。可选的，第一定时器例如为竞争传输机会(transmission opportunity，TXOP)定时器。
在上述实施方式中，第一设备在接收第一控制帧之后，可将第一定时器的时长设置为第三时长，以便根据第一定时器控制发送数据帧的时长。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在向所述第二设备发送第一数据帧之前，所述方法还包括：等待短帧间间隔，且确定所述信道的状态为空闲；或，确定所述信道的状态从忙碌更新为空闲，且所述第一定时器的剩余时长大于或等于优先帧间间隔。
在上述实施方式中，第一设备可在等待短帧间间隔之后且信道空闲，则发送第一数据帧，或者，第一设备可在确定信道变为空闲，且第一定时器的剩余时长大于或等于优先帧间间隔之后发送第一数据帧。如此，可避免第一设备强行抢占信道，导致其他设备发送数据失败的情况，有利于提高第一设备发送第一数据帧的成功率，也利于提高无线局域网的通信可靠性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在确定所述信道的状态从忙碌更新为空闲，且所述第一定时器的剩余时长大于或等于优先帧间间隔之后，所述方法还包括：等待所述优先帧间间隔。
在上述实施方式中，第一设备在确定所述信道的状态从忙碌更新为空闲，且所述第一定时器的剩余时长大于或等于优先帧间间隔之后，还可以再等待优先帧间间隔，如此，更能保证信道空闲，有利于第一设备顺利发送第一数据帧。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在向所述第二设备发送第一数据帧之后，所述方法还包括：如果所述第一定时器的剩余时长大于第四时长，向所述第二设备发送第三数据帧，所述第四时长包括所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间执行一次数据交互的时长。
在上述实施方式中，有可能第二设备为第一设备预留的占用信道的时长较长，第一设备发送第一数据帧之后，还预留有足够的时间，这种情况下，第一设备可继续发送第三数据帧，使得第一设备能够充分利用为第一设备预留的接入信道的时长。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述方法还包括：接收来自所述第二设备的第二确认帧，所述第二确认帧指示所述第二设备已接收来自所述第一设备的数据帧。可选的，所述第二确认帧例如指示所述第二设备已接收来自所述第一设备的所述第一数据帧或所述第三数据帧等。可选的，第二确认帧例如为BA帧。
在上述实施方式中，第二设备接收来自第一设备的数据帧之后，可向第一设备发送第二确认帧，使得第一设备可明确第二设备已接收到数据帧，提高第一设备和第二设备之间交互的可靠性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在接收来自所述第二设备的第二确认帧之后，所述方法还包括：当所述第一定时器的剩余时长小于或等于第一阈值时，确定结束所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间的交互；或，当所述第一定时器的剩余时长大于第一阈值时，向所述第二设备发送结束帧，所述结束帧指示结束所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间的交互。可选的，结束帧例如为无竞争周期结束(contention-free end，CF-END)帧。
在上述实施方式中，第一设备在发送数据帧之后，如果预留的占用信道的时长较长，那么第一设备可向第二设备发送结束帧，以尽快结束第一设备和第二设备之间的交互，从而及时释放第一设备占用的信道资源。或者，如果预留的占用信道的时长较短，那么第一设备可直接确定第一设备与第二设备之间 的交互结束，如此，能够及时释放第一设备占用的信道资源，还能减少第一设备与第二设备之间的交互次数。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一确认帧包括时长字段，所述时长字段的取值为所述第二时长。可选的，第一确认帧例如为BA帧，时长字段可为BA中的时长(duration)字段。
在该实施方式中，可通过第一确认帧已有的时长字段承载第二时长，无需在第一确认帧中新增字段，相对减少对第一确认帧的帧结构的改动，这有利于降低应用该实施方式的成本和难度。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，该方法可由第二设备执行，或者可由第二设备的模块(如芯片)来执行。为了便于描述，下文以第二设备执行为例进行说明。所述方法包括：第二设备接收来自第一设备的第一确认帧，所述第一确认帧指示第一设备期望接入信道，所述第一设备为所述无线局域网中除了所述第二设备之外的任一设备，向所述第一设备发送第一控制帧，所述第一控制帧指示允许所述第一设备接入信道，所述第一控制帧包括所述第一设备的地址，以及接收来自所述第一设备的第一数据帧。
可选的，第二设备可为无线局域网中的STA或者AP。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在接收来自第一设备的第一确认帧之前，所述方法还包括：发送第二控制帧，或者向所述第一设备发送第二数据帧，所述第二控制帧或所述第二数据帧指示第一时长，所述第一时长包括所述第二设备发送所述第一控制帧的时长，所述第一确认帧用于表示已接收所述第二控制帧或所述第二数据帧。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一确认帧还指示第二时长，所述第二时长包括所述第一设备期望占用所述信道的时长。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在接收来自第一设备的第一确认帧之前，所述方法还包括：发送第二控制帧，或者向所述第一设备发送第二数据帧，所述第二控制帧或所述第二数据帧指示第一时长，所述第一时长包括所述第二设备发送所述第一控制帧的时长，所述第一确认帧用于表示已接收所述第二控制帧或所述第二数据帧。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一确认帧还指示第二时长，所述第二时长包括所述第一设备期望占用所述信道的时长。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一控制帧还指示第三时长，所述第三时长包括所述第一设备占用信道的时长。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第三时长等于所述第二时长。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述方法还包括：将第二定时器的时长设置为所述第三时长。第二定时器可为第二设备中的定时器，第二定时器可为第二设备中的软件模块或硬件模块。第二定时器例如可为TXOP定时器。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述方法还包括：向所述第一设备发送第二确认帧，所述第二确认帧指示所述第二设备已接收来自所述第一设备的数据帧。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述方法还包括：接收来自所述第一设备的结束帧，所述结束帧指示结束所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间的交互；或，当所述第二定时器的剩余时长小于或等于第一阈值时，确定结束所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间的交互。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在接收来自所述第一设备的第一数据帧之后，所述方法还包括：接收来自所述第一设备的第三数据帧。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在向所述第一设备发送第一控制帧之前，所述方法还包括：确定所述第一设备存在待发送的数据帧。可选的，如果第二设备确定第二时长大于或等于第二阈值，则确定所述第一设备存在待发送的数据帧。
在上述实施方式中，第二设备可根据第一确认帧指示的第二时长，确定第一设备存在待发送的数据帧，避免第二设备为第一设备预留信道资源，第一设备却无数据帧可发所导致的信道资源浪费的情况。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以为上述第一方面中的第一设备，或者为第一设备的模块(如芯片)。所述通信装置包括用于执行上述第一方面或任一可能的实施方式的相应的手段(means)或模块。例如，该通信装置包括处理模块(有时也称为处理单元)，以及收发模块(有时也称为收发单元)。
例如，收发模块，用于在处理模块的控制下向第二设备发送第一确认帧，接收来自所述第二设备的 第一控制帧，以及向所述第二设备发送第一数据帧。其中，第二设备、第一确认帧和第一控制帧的内容可参照前文第一方面论述的内容。
在一种可选的实施方式中，该通信装置包括存储模块，该处理模块能够与存储单元耦合，并执行存储模块中的程序或指令，使能该通信装置执行上述第一设备的功能。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以为上述第二方面中的第二设备，或者为第二设备的模块(如芯片)。所述通信装置包括用于执行上述第二方面或任一可能的实施方式的相应的手段(means)或模块。例如，该通信装置包括处理模块(有时也称为处理单元)，以及收发模块(有时也称为收发单元)。
例如，收发模块，用于在处理模块的控制下接收来自第一设备的第一确认帧，向所述第一设备发送第一控制帧，以及接收来自所述第一设备的第一数据帧。其中，第一设备、第一确认帧和第一控制帧的内容可参照前文第二方面论述的内容。
在一种可选的实施方式中，该通信装置包括存储模块(有时也可称为存储单元)，该处理模块能够与存储模块耦合，并执行存储模块中的程序或指令，使能该通信装置执行上述第二设备的功能。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信系统，所述通信系统包括第一设备和第二设备。第一设备可实现前文第一方面或任一可能的实施方式所述的方法，以及第二设备可实现第二方面或任一可能的实施方式所述的方法。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信系统，所述通信系统包括第三方面中任一的第一设备，以及第四方面中任一的第二设备。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，包括：处理器和通信接口，所述通信接口用于接收来自所述通信装置之外的其它装置的信号并传输至所述处理器或将来自所述处理器的信号发送给所述通信装置之外的其它装置，所述处理器通过逻辑电路执行代码指令实现如第一方面或任一可能的实施方式所述的方法、或第二方面或任一可能的实施方式所述的方法。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括：处理器和接口。其中，该处理器用于从该接口调用并运行指令，当该处理器执行该指令时，实现上述第一方面或任一可能的实施方式所述的方法、或第二方面或任一可能的实施方式所述的方法。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质用于存储计算机程序或指令，当其被运行时，实现上述第一方面或任一可能的实施方式所述的方法、或第二方面或任一可能的实施方式所述的方法。
第十方面，本申请实施例提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，实现上述第一方面或任一可能的实施方式所述的方法、或第二方面或任一可能的实施方式所述的方法。
关于第二方面至第十方面的有益效果，可参照第一方面论述的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种场景的示意图；
图2为一种设备间交互的示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种传输控制帧1和确认帧1的示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的另一种传输控制帧1和确认帧1的示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的又一种传输控制帧1和确认帧1的示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种传输数据帧1和确认帧1的示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种控制帧2的结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种第一设备进行信道退避的示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一设备进行信道退避的示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的再一种第一设备进行信道退避的示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的又一种第一设备进行信道退避的示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供一种第一设备发送数据帧的示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供一种第一设备发送结束帧的示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供另一种第一设备发送结束帧的示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供又一种第一设备发送结束帧的示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供一种通信装置的结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供另一种通信装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施例作进一步地详细描述。
以下，对本申请实施例中的部分用语进行解释说明，以便于本领域技术人员理解。
1、WLAN，为一种典型的局域网(local area networks，LAN)。无线局域网可以是为电气电子工程师协会(institute of electrical and electronics engineers，IEEE)802.11系列协议中的任意一种协议的WLAN，或者可能是未来演进协议的WLAN。WLAN可包括的设备可分为AP和STA这两种角色。
2、AP，可为终端设备(如手机)接入有线(或无线)网络的接入点。AP相当于一个连接有线网络和无线网络的桥梁，主要作用是将各个无线网络中的设备连接到一起，然后将无线网络接入以太网。例如，AP可以为带有无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wi-Fi/WIFI)芯片的终端设备(如手机)或网络设备(如光猫、路由器或交换机)。AP可为支持802.11be制式的设备，或者也可以为支持802.11ax、802.11ay、802.11ac、802.11n、802.11g、802.11b、802.11a以及802.11be下一代等802.11系列的多种WLAN制式的设备，或者也可为未来演进协议中的AP。
3、STA，可为无线通讯芯片、无线传感器或终端设备等。例如，STA可为支持Wi-Fi通讯功能的终端设备、支持Wi-Fi通讯功能的物联网(internet of things，IoT)设备、支持Wi-Fi通讯功能的移动电话、支持Wi-Fi通讯功能的平板电脑、支持Wi-Fi通讯功能的机顶盒、支持Wi-Fi通讯功能的智能电视、支持WiFi通讯功能的智能可穿戴设备、支持Wi-Fi通讯功能的车载通信设备和支持Wi-Fi通讯功能的计算机等。可选的，STA可以支持802.11be制式，或者也可以支持802.11ax、802.11ay、802.11ac、802.11n、802.11g、802.11b、802.11a、802.11be下一代等802.11系列的多种WLAN制式，或者也可为未来演进协议中的STA。IoT设备可包括但不限于智能灯具、智能插座、智能开关、智能摄像头、智能家电、智能机顶盒、智能窗帘或智能门等支持WiFi通讯功能的设备。
4、终端设备，是一种具有无线收发功能的设备，可以是固定设备，移动设备、手持设备、穿戴设备、车载设备，或内置于上述设备中的无线装置(例如，通信模块或芯片系统等)。所述终端设备用于连接人，物，机器等，可广泛用于各种场景，例如包括但不限于以下场景：蜂窝通信、设备到设备通信(device-to-device，D2D)、车到一切(vehicle to everything，V2X)、机器到机器/机器类通信(machine-to-machine/machine-type communications，M2M/MTC)、物联网(internet of things，IoT)、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)、工业控制(industrial control)、无人驾驶(self driving)、远程医疗(remote medical)、智能电网(smart grid)、智能家具、智能办公、智能穿戴、智能交通，智慧城市(smart city)、无人机、机器人等场景的终端设备。所述终端设备有时可称为用户设备(user equipment，UE)、终端、接入站、UE站、远方站、无线通信设备、或用户装置等。可选的，终端设备具体例如为超级终端或大屏设备等。
5、短帧间间隔(short inter frame spacing，SIFS)，是指无线局域网中传输两个帧的最短间隔时间。在802.11系列无线局域网中SIFS可为固定值，因此采用SIFS的设备可具有访问信道的最高优先级。
6、优先帧间间隔(priority interframe spacing，PIFS)，是指传输被优先发送的帧的所需的时间。
本申请实施例中，对于名词的数目，除非特别说明，表示“单数名词或复数名词”，即"一个或多个”。“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A,B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。例如，A/B，表示：A或B。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a,b,或c中的至少一项(个)，表示：a,b,c,a和b,a和c,b和c,或a和b和c，其中a,b,c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
请参照图1，为本申请实施例适用的一种场景示意图。或者，图1也可理解为一种无线局域网的设备的部署示意图。该无线局域网可包括多个设备，多个设备中的任意两个设备之间可相互通信。设备例如可为IoT设备或终端设备等，本申请实施例不限制无线局域网中的设备的实现形式。
图1所示的多个设备可均为STA或AP；或者，这多个设备中的部分设备为STA，这多个设备中的另一部分设备为AP，本申请实施例不限制这多个设备在无线局域网中的角色。STA或AP的实现方式可参照前文。
在图1中是以多个设备包括图1中的设备1、设备2、设备3、设备4和设备5这五个设备为例，实际不限制这多个设备包括的设备的数量。
在一种信道竞争机制下，无线局网中一个设备需发送数据帧，无线局域网中的其他设备须独立做信道退避。请参照图2，为在该信道竞争机制下设备间交互的示意图。图2涉及的设备1例如为图1涉及的设备1，以及图2涉及的设备2例如为图1涉及的设备1。下面结合图2对该信道竞争机制下设备间交互的过程进行说明。
1、设备1可在无线局域网中采用单播的方式请求发送(request to send，RTS)帧。相应的，设备2接收来自设备1的RTS帧。
如此，设备1相当于在无线局域网中广播设备1需发送数据帧的需求。
2、设备2向设备1发送CTS帧。相应的，设备1接收来自设备2的CTS帧。
3、设备1向设备2发送数据(data)帧。相应的，设备2接收来自设备1的数据帧。
4、设备2向设备1发送BA帧。
如此，设备1与设备2完成了一次TXOP。
5、设备2向设备1发送数据帧。
可选的，设备2可在经过退避(backoff)时间之后，向设备1发送数据帧。
6、设备1向设备2发送BA帧。
由此可见，在该信道竞争机制下，无线局域网中的一个设备要发送数据帧，则需与无线局域网中的所有设备竞争信道，使得参与信道竞争的设备数量较多，导致设备间碰撞的可能性较大。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，在该方法中，无线局域网中的任一设备(如第二设备)可为无线局域网中的任一设备(如第一设备)预留信道接入机会，第二设备可指示第一设备接入信道，第一设备可直接接入信道，进而发送数据帧。如此，使得无线局域网中的部分设备无需参与信道竞争，使得无线局域网中参与竞争信道的设备数量减少，也就降低了设备间碰撞的可能性。
下面结合附图介绍本申请实施例所提供的方法。在本申请的各个实施例对应的附图中，凡是用虚线表示的步骤，均为可选的步骤。另外，在本申请的各个实施例的涉及的第一设备例如为图1涉及的任一设备，例如，图1中的设备1、设备2、设备3、设备4或设备5，本申请的各个实施例涉及的第二设备例如图1涉及的设备中除了第一设备之外的任一设备。
请参照图3，为本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的示意图。
S301、第二设备发送控制帧1或数据帧1。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的控制帧1或数据帧1。控制帧1也可称为第二控制帧。数据帧1可称为第二数据帧。第二设备可称为本端设备、发送端、或发送设备等。相应的，第一设备可称为对端设备、接收端、或接收设备等。
示例性的，第二设备可采用广播的方式发送控制帧1。这种情况下，无线局域网中除了第二设备之外的设备均可能接收该控制帧1。当然，第二设备也可采用单播的方式发送控制帧1。第二设备可采用单播的方式向第一设备发送数据帧1。
可选的，控制帧1或数据帧1可指示第一时长。第一时长包括第二设备发送控制帧2的时长。第二设备发送控制帧2的时长可为第二设备发送控制帧1或数据帧1之后直到发送完控制帧2所需的时长。第一时长可以是通过协议配置在第二设备中的。如此，第二设备可提前预留发送控制帧2所需的时长。
其中，控制帧2也可称为第一控制帧。控制帧2可指示允许第一设备接入信道。第一控制帧可包括第一设备的地址，第一设备的地址例如为第一设备的媒体访问控制(media access control，MAC)地址。
作为一个示例，第一时长可以是第二设备根据需求设置的。可选的，第一时长包括SIFS和第二设备向第一设备传输控制帧2所需的时长之和。例如，第一时长的起始时刻为第一设备接收控制帧1或数据帧1的时刻，第一时长的结束时刻为第一设备接收控制帧2的时刻。
可选的，控制帧1例如为RTS帧。
可选的，控制帧1或数据帧1可包括时长字段，控制帧1或数据帧1的时长字段的取值为第一时长。如此，相当于控制帧1或数据帧1显式地指示了第一时长。时长字段例如为duration字段，例如为RTS帧中的duration字段。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在第一设备发送数据帧1之前，第二设备还可向第一设备发送RTS帧。相应的，第一设备可接收来自第二设备的RTS帧。该RTS帧指示第一设备请求发送数据帧。在第一设备接收来自第二设备的RTS帧之后，第一设备可向第二设备发送CTS帧。相应的，第二设备接收来自第一设备的CTS帧。CTS帧指示第一设备已接收来自第二设备的RTS帧。
或者，在第一设备发送数据帧1之前，第二设备可向第一设备发送self-CTS帧。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的自(self)-CTS帧。self-CTS帧的接收器地址(receiver address，RA)为第二设备的地址。接收器地址也可称为目的地址。第二设备的地址例如为第二设备的MAC地址。
或者，在第一设备发送数据帧1之前，第二设备可向第一设备发送DATA帧。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的DATA帧。在第一设备接收来自第二设备的DATA帧之后，第一设备可向第二设备发送BA帧。相应的，第二设备接收来自第一设备的BA帧。该BA帧指示第一设备已接收来自第二设备的DATA帧。
S302、第一设备向第二设备发送确认帧1。相应的，第二设备接收来自第一设备的确认帧1。确认帧1也可称为第一确认帧。
示例性的，确认帧1指示第一设备期望接入信道。可选的，第一确认帧还可指示已接收到来自第一设备的控制帧1或数据帧1。
可选的，确认帧1例如为CTS帧或BA帧。
示例性的，在S301中，如果第二设备向第一设备发送控制帧1，且控制帧1为RTS帧，那么确认帧1可为CTS帧或BA帧；或者，在S301中，如果第二设备向第一设备发送数据帧1，那么确认帧1可为BA帧。
作为一个示例，确认帧1还可指示第二时长。第二时长包括(或为)第一设备期望(或希望)占用信道的时长。其中，第二时长的取值可以是第一设备根据需求设置的。
可选的，确认帧1可包括时长字段，时长字段的取值为第二时长。可选的，时长字段例如为确认帧1中的duration字段。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一设备也可直接向第二设备发送确认帧1，这种情况下可无需执行S301，即S301为可选的步骤，在图3中以虚线示意。
下面对第一设备和第二设备传输数据帧1和确认帧1的过程进行示例介绍。
请参照图4，为本申请实施例提供的一种传输控制帧1和确认帧1的示意图。在图4中是以第二设备向第一设备发送控制帧1，控制帧1为RTS帧，以及确认帧1为CTS帧进行示例。
如图4所示，第二设备可发送控制帧1(即RTS帧)。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的控制帧1(即RTS帧)。如此，相当于启动了TXOP。在第一设备接收来自第二设备的控制帧1(即RTS帧)之后，第一设备向第二设备发送确认帧1(即CTS帧)。相应的，第二设备在接收来自第一设备的确认帧1(即CTS帧)。
请参照图5，为本申请实施例提供的另一种传输控制帧1和确认帧1的示意图。在图5中是以第二设备向第一设备发送数据帧1，数据帧1为DATA帧，确认帧1为BA帧进行示例。
如图5所示，第二设备可发送RTS帧。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的RTS帧。如此，相当于启动了TXOP。在第一设备接收来自第二设备的RTS帧之后，第一设备向第二设备发送CTS帧。相应的，第二设备在接收来自第一设备的CTS帧。在第二设备在接收来自第一设备的CTS帧之后，第二设备可向第一设备发送数据帧1。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的数据帧1。进而，第一设备可向第二设备发送确认帧1(即BA帧)。相应的，第二设备接收来自第一设备的确认帧1(即BA帧)。
请参照图6，为本申请实施例提供的再一种传输控制帧1和确认帧1的示意图。在图6中是以第二设备向第一设备发送数据帧1，数据帧1为DATA帧，以及确认帧为BA帧进行示例。
如图6所示，第二设备可发送self-CTS帧。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的self-CTS帧。如此，相当于启动了TXOP。第二设备向第一设备发送数据帧1(即DATA帧)。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的数据帧1(即DATA帧)。进而，第二设备向第一设备发送确认帧1(即BA帧)。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的确认帧1(即BA帧)。
请参照图7，为本申请实施例提供的又一种传输数据帧1和确认帧1的示意图。在图7中是以第二设备向第一设备发送数据帧1，数据帧1为DATA帧，以及确认帧为BA帧进行示例。
如图7所示，第二设备可发送DATA帧。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的DATA帧。如此， 相当于启动了TXOP。第一设备向第二设备发送BA帧。相应的，第二设备在接收来自第一设备的BA帧。第二设备向第一设备发送数据帧1(DATA帧)。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的数据帧1(DATA帧)。第一设备向第二设备发送确认帧1(即BA帧)，相应的，第二设备接收来自第一设备的确认帧1(即BA帧)。
S303、第二设备确定第一设备存在待发送的数据帧。
示例性的，如果来自第一设备的确认帧1指示的第二时长大于或等于第二阈值，确定第一设备存在待发送的数据。第二阈值可通过协议配置在第二设备中，或者是第一设备和第二设备协商约定在第二设备中的。如果来自第一设备的确认帧1指示的第二时长小于第二阈值，确定第一设备不存在待发送的数据。
或者，确认帧1还可指示第一设备存在待发送的数据帧，或者指示第一设备不存在待发送的数据帧。如此，第二设备接收确认帧1之后，可解析确认帧1，确定第一设备是否存在待发送的数据帧。
在一种可能的实施方式中，如果第二设备采用广播的方式发送控制帧1，无线局域网中除了第二设备之外的其他设备均可向第二设备发送确认帧1，这种情况下，第二设备还将其他设备中满足第一条件的设备确定为接入信道的设备(在本申请实施例中以接入信道的设备为第一设备为例进行介绍)。
例如，第一条件包括第一设备存在待发送的数据和/或第一设备是其他设备中优先级最高的设备。第二设备确定第一设备存在待发送的数据的方式可参照前文的内容。可选的，其他设备的优先级可以是通过协议约定的，或者可以是手动配置在第二设备中的。在该实施方式中，第二设备可从其他设备中选择满足第一条件的设备作为接入信道的设备，使得优先级较高的设备可优先发送数据帧。
当然，第二设备确定接入信道的设备的方式还有多种，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，第二设备可无需确认第一设备是否存在待发送的数据，这种情况下，则无需执行S303的步骤，即S303为可选的步骤，在图3中以虚线示意。
S304、第二设备向第一设备发送控制帧2。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的控制帧2。控制帧2也可称为第一控制帧。
示例性的，控制帧2的内容可参照前文。可选的，控制帧2可通过第一设备的地址指示允许第一设备接入信道。
在一种可能的实施方式中，控制帧2指示第三时长。第三时长包括(或为)第一设备占用信道的时长。第三时长可理解为第二设备实际为第一设备预留的占用信道的时长。第三时长视为一次TXOP的时长。相应的，第三时长可采用握手(hand shake，HS)-TXOP或TXOP表示。
例如，第二设备可根据需求和/或信道状态确定第三时长的取值。
示例性的，如果第二设备确定第一设备待发送数据较多，那么第二设备可将第三时长的取值设置为大于或等于第一值。如果第二设备确定第一设备待发送数据较少，那么第二设备可将第三时长的取值设置为小于第一值。第一值可被预配置在第二设备中，例如手动配置在第二设备中，或者通过协议配置在第二设备中。
示例性的，信道状态例如包括信道的忙碌状态，例如，第二设备确定信道忙碌，则可将第三时长的取值设置为大于第二值。如果第二设备确定信道空闲，则可将第三时长的取值设置为小于第二值。
或者，第二设备可根据第二时长确定第三时长。
示例性的，第三时长可等于第二时长。或者，第三时长大于第二时长。或者，如果第二时长还考虑了第二设备向第一设备传输控制帧2的时长，那么第三时长可等于第二时长与第二设备向第一设备传输控制帧2的时长之差。
可选的，控制帧2也可包括时长字段，时长字段的取值为第三时长。另外，控制帧2例如可为CTS帧，或者为HS-CTS帧。
可选的，请参照图8，为本申请实施例提供的一种控制帧2的示意图。如图8所示，控制帧2的帧包括帧控制(frame control)字段、时长字段、RA字段和帧校验序列(frame check sequence，FCS)字段。
帧控制字段指示控制帧2的类型，例如控制帧。时长字段指示时长，例如第三时长。RA字段指示接收器地址，例如第一设备的地址。FCS字段指示校验信息，校验信息用于校验控制帧2。
帧控制字段可包括类型(type)字节和子类型(subtype)字节。类型字节指示控制帧2所属的类型，子类型字节指示控制帧2为所属的类型下的具体类型。
例如，类型字节的取值为1，表示控制帧2为控制帧，子类型字节的取值为12，表示控制帧2为控制帧下的CTS帧。
在一种可能的设计中，第二设备可确定第一设备接收控制帧2之后，将第二设备的第二定时器的时长设置为第三时长。第二定时器可为第二设备中的硬件模块或软件模块，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
同理，第一设备接收控制帧2之后，也可将第一设备的第一定时器的时长设置为第三时长。第一定时器可为第二设备中的硬件模块或软件模块，本申请实施例对此不做限定。第一定时器例如为第一设备的TXOP定时器。
在S304(即第二设备发送控制帧2)之后，可相当于第二设备完成了一次TXOP。
S305、第一设备向第二设备发送数据帧2。相应的，第二设备接收来自第一设备的数据帧2。数据帧2也可称为第一数据帧。
第一设备接收控制帧2之后，确定控制帧2中的RA为第一设备的地址，因此可确定准备启动与第二设备之间的HS-TXOP。
示例性的，数据帧2可携带业务数据。业务数据例如指示第一设备的运行功率或电量等。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一设备在发送数据帧2之前，可进行信道退避。下面对第一设备进行信道退避可能的情况进行介绍。
情况一、第一设备接收控制帧2之后，确定信道空闲(idle)，可在等待SIFS之后，向第二设备发送数据帧2。
示例性的，第一设备可基于空闲信道评估(clear channel assessment，CCA)，确定信道是否空闲。例如，第一设备可侦听物理载波，确定信道的能量，如果信道的能量大于或等于第三阈值，则表示信道忙碌(busy)。如果信道的能量小于第三阈值，则表示信道空闲。第三阈值可通过协议被配置在第一设备中，或者手动被配置在第一设备中。
或者，第一设备可侦听虚拟载波，如果第一设备接收的数据帧或控制帧的帧头指示的时长大于或等于第四阈值，则确定信道忙碌。如果第一设备接收的数据帧或控制帧的帧头指示的时长小于第四阈值，则确定信道空闲。第一设备获取第四阈值的方式可参照前文第一设备获取第三阈值的内容。
例如，请参照图9，为本申请实施例提供的一种第一设备进行信道退避的示意图。如图9所示，第一设备在接收控制帧2之后，在等待SIFS之后，且信道空闲，则向第二设备发送数据帧2。
另外，在图9中还示意了第一设备在接收控制帧2之前，第一设备与第二设备之间的交互过程。如图9所示，第二设备可向第一设备发送控制帧1或数据帧1。第一设备接收控制帧1或数据帧1之后，向第二设备发送确认帧1。
情况二、第一设备确定信道的状态从忙碌更新(或变为)为空闲，且第一定时器的剩余时长大于或等于PIFS，则向第二设备发送数据帧2。
例如，请参照图10，为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一设备进行信道退避的示意图。如图10所示，第一设备在接收控制帧2之后，确定等待SIFS，并且确定信道忙碌，在图10中以信道忙碌的时长为b1进行示意，第一设备确定信道经过时长b1之后更新为空闲，且第一定时器的剩余时长大于PIFS，第一设备可向第二设备发送数据帧2。
另外，在图10中还示意了第一设备在接收控制帧2之前，第一设备与第二设备之间的交互过程。如图10所示，第二设备可向第一设备发送控制帧1或数据帧1。第一设备接收控制帧1或数据帧1之后，第一设备还可向第二设备发送确认帧1。
情况三，在第一设备确定信道的状态从忙碌更新(或变为)为空闲，且第一定时器的剩余时长大于或等于PIFS，等待PIFS之后，则向第二设备发送数据帧2。
例如，请参照图11，为本申请实施例提供的再一种第一设备进行信道退避的示意图。如图11所示，第一设备在接收控制帧2之后，确定等待SIFS，确定信道忙碌，在图11中以信道忙碌的时长为b1进行示意，第一设备确定信道经过时长b1之后更新为空闲，且第一定时器的剩余时长大于PIFS，第一设备可等待PIFS之后，向第二设备发送数据帧2。
另外，在图11中还示意了第一设备在接收控制帧2之前，第一设备与第二设备之间的交互过程。如图11所示，第二设备可向第一设备发送控制帧1或数据帧1。第一设备接收控制帧1或数据帧1之后，第一设备还可向第二设备发送确认帧1。
情况四、第一设备确定的状态从忙碌更新为空闲，且第一定时器的剩余时长小于PIFS，那么第一 设备可放弃发送数据帧。
例如，请参照图12，为本申请实施例提供的又一种第一设备进行信道退避的示意图。如图12所示，第一设备在接收控制帧2之后，确定等待SIFS，并且确定信道忙碌，在图12中以信道忙碌的时长为b1进行示意，第一设备确定经过b1时长之后信道更新为空闲，且第一定时器的剩余时长小于PIFS，因此第一设备可放弃向第二设备发送数据帧。
另外，在图12中还示意了第一设备在接收控制帧2之前，第一设备与第二设备之间的交互过程。如图12所示，第二设备可向第一设备发送控制帧1或数据帧1。第一设备接收控制帧1或数据帧1之后，第一设备还可向第二设备发送确认帧1。
可选的，数据帧2可携带第一定时器的剩余时长。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第二设备接收数据帧2之后，可向第一设备发送确认帧2，确认帧2也可称为第四确认帧。确认帧2指示已经接收到数据帧2。如此，使得第一设备可确定第二设备已成功接收数据帧2。可选的，确认帧2可为BA帧。可选的，确认帧2可携带第二定时器的剩余时长。
S306、第一设备向第二设备发送数据帧3。相应的，第二设备接收来自第一设备的数据帧3。数据帧3也可称为第三数据帧。
示例性的，第一设备在发送数据帧3之前，也可进行信道退避。第一设备进行信道退避的内容可参照前文第一设备在发送数据帧2之前进行信道退避的内容，此处不再赘述。
在一种可能的实施方式中，如果第一设备在发送数据帧2之后，第一定时器的剩余时长大于第四时长，那么第一设备向第二设备发送第三数据帧。如此，保证第一设备能够充分利用第二设备为第一设备预留的信道接入时长，发送更多的数据帧，并且，第一设备在发送后续数据帧时，可直接发送，无需再次接入信道等，减少第一设备和第二设备之间的交互。
第四时长是指第一设备与第二设备之间执行一次数据交互的时长。第四时长例如可为SIFS和第一设备向第二设备发送一次数据帧所需的时长之和。或者，第四时长例如可为两个SIFS、第一设备向第二设备发送一次数据帧所需的时长、以及第二设备向第一设备发送指示接收到该数据帧的确认帧所需的时长之和。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，如果第一设备在发送数据帧2之后，第一定时器的剩余时长小于或等于第四时长，那么第一设备可无需执行S306的步骤，即S306的步骤为可选的步骤，在图3中以虚线示意。
例如，请参照图13，为本申请实施例提供的一种第一设备发送数据帧的示意图。如图13所示，第一设备向第二设备发送数据帧2。相应的，第二设备接收来自第一设备的数据帧2。第二设备可向第一设备发送确认帧2。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的确认帧2。第一设备确定第一定时器的剩余时长大于第四阈值，则可等待SIFS且信道空闲，可向第二设备发送数据帧3。相应的，第二设备接收来自第一设备的数据帧3。
另外，在图13中还示意了第一设备在发送数据帧2之前，第一设备与第二设备之间的交互过程。如图13所示，第二设备可向第一设备发送控制帧1或数据帧1。第一设备接收控制帧1或数据帧1之后，向第二设备发送确认帧1。第二设备接收确认帧1之后，向第一设备发送控制帧2。
可选的，数据帧3也可携带第一定时器的剩余时长。
可选的，如果第二设备接收来自第一设备的数据帧3之后，第二设备可向第一设备发送确认帧3，确认帧3指示第二设备已接收到数据帧3。可选的，确认帧3可为BA帧。可选的，确认帧3也可携带第二定时器的剩余时长。
可选的，第一设备在发送数据帧3之后，或者在接收确认帧3之后，确定第一定时器的剩余时长还大于第四时长，那么第一设备还可继续向第二设备发送数据帧4，数据帧4也可称为第四数据帧，以此类推。当然，第一设备在发送数据帧4之前，也可进行信道退避。信道退避的内容也可参照前文论述的内容，此处不再赘述。可选的，如果第二设备接收来自第一设备的数据帧4之后，第二设备可向第一设备发送确认帧4，确认帧4指示第二设备已接收到数据帧4。可选的，确认帧4可为BA帧。
可选的，数据帧4也可携带第一定时器的剩余时长。确认帧4也可携带第二定时器的剩余时长。
S307、第二设备向第一设备发送确认帧5。相应的，第一设备接收来自第二设备的确认帧5。确认帧5也可称为第二确认帧。确认帧5可指示第二设备已接收来自第一设备的数据帧。
示例性的，在第一设备向第二设备仅发送了数据帧2的情况下，确认帧5可表示第二设备已接收 来自第一设备的数据帧2，这种情况下，确认帧5与前文中的确认帧2相同。在第一设备向第二设备发送了数据帧2和数据帧3的情况下，确认帧5可表示第二设备已接收来自第一设备的数据帧3，这种情况下，确认帧5与前文中的确认帧3相同。在第一设备向第二设备发送了数据帧2、数据帧3和数据帧4的情况下，确认帧5可表示第二设备已接收来自第一设备的数据帧4，这种情况下，确认帧5与前文中的确认帧4相同。
可选的，确认帧5可为BA帧。
S308、第一设备向第二设备发送结束帧。相应的，第二设备接收来自第一设备的结束帧。结束帧用于表示第一设备和第二设备之间的交互结束。
在一种可能的实施方式中，第一设备在向第二设备发送数据帧2、数据帧3或数据帧4之后，或者，第一设备确定放弃向第二设备发送数据帧之后，第一设备确定第一定时器的剩余时长大于第一阈值时，向第二设备发送结束帧。如此，第二设备可确定与第一设备之间的交互结束。第一阈值可以是手动配置在第一设备中的，或者通过协议配置在第一设备中的。
可选的，结束帧可为CF-END帧。
第一设备也可能无需向第二设备发送结束帧，这种情况下，即无需执行S308，即S308为可选的步骤，在图3中以虚线示意。
例如，请参照图14，为本申请实施例提供的一种第一设备发送结束帧的示意图。如图14所示，第一设备确定放弃向第二设备发送数据帧之后，第一设备可向第二设备发送结束帧。
另外，在图14中还示意了第一设备在发送结束帧之前，第一设备与第二设备之间的交互过程。如图14所示，第二设备可向第一设备发送控制帧1或数据帧1。第一设备接收控制帧1或数据帧1之后，向第二设备发送确认帧1。第二设备接收确认帧1之后，向第一设备发送控制帧2。
或者例如，请参照图15，为本申请实施例提供的另一种第一设备发送结束帧的示意图。如图15所示，第二设备向第一设备发送确认帧2之后，第一设备确定第一定时器的剩余时长(在图15中的以c1示意)大于第一阈值，则第一设备向第二设备发送结束帧。
另外，在图15中还示意了第一设备在发送结束帧之前，第一设备与第二设备之间的交互过程。如图15所示，第二设备可向第一设备发送控制帧1或数据帧1。第一设备接收控制帧1或数据帧1之后，向第二设备发送确认帧1。第二设备接收确认帧1之后，向第一设备发送控制帧2。
S309、第一设备确定与第二设备之间的交互结束。
示例性的，第一设备也可无需向第二设备发送结束帧，直接确定与第二设备之间的交互结束。可选的，第一设备可在确定第一定时器的剩余时长小于或等于第一阈值时，确定与第二设备之间的交互结束。
S310、第二设备确定与第一设备之间的交互结束。
示例性的，第一设备也可无需向第二设备发送结束帧，直接确定与第二设备之间的交互结束。可选的，第二设备可在确定第二定时器的剩余时长小于或等于第一阈值时，确定与第一设备之间的交互结束。第二设备配置第一阈值的方式可参照前文第一设备配置第一阈值的内容。
例如，请参照图16，为本申请实施例提供的一种第一设备发送结束帧的示意图。如图16所示，第二设备向第一设备发送确认帧2之后，第一设备确定第一定时器的剩余时长(在图16中的以c1示意)小于或等于第一阈值，可直接确定与第二设备的交互结束，以及第二设备确定第二定时器的剩余时长(在图16中的以c1示意)小于或等于第一阈值，可直接确定与第一设备的交互结束。
另外，在图16中还示意了第一设备在发送结束帧之前，第一设备与第二设备之间的交互过程。如图16所示，第二设备可向第一设备发送控制帧1或数据帧1。第一设备接收控制帧1或数据帧1之后，向第二设备发送确认帧1。第二设备接收确认帧1之后，向第一设备发送控制帧2。第一设备可向第二设备发送数据帧2。第二设备接收数据帧2之后，可向第一设备发送确认帧2。
在S309-S310所示的实施例中，第一设备或第二设备可主动确定交互结束，而不必第一设备向第二设备发送结束帧，如此，减少第一设备与第二设备之间的交互。
作为一个示例，S309-S310为可选的步骤，在图3中以虚线示意。
作为一个示例，S308和S309-S310为两种情况，在第一设备和第二设备的一次交互过程中，要么执行S308的步骤，要么执行S309-S310的步骤。
在本申请实施例中，无线局域网中的第二设备可为无线局域网中的另一个设备(如第一设备)预 留信道，如此，使得无线局域网中参与信道竞争的设备的数量变少，降低设备间碰撞的概率。并且，第一设备接收来自第二设备的控制帧2之后，便可传输数据帧，如此减少第一设备的等待时间，有效控制第一设备发送数据帧的时延，有利于改善时延敏感业务的体验。并且，第一设备和第二设备可主动结束交互，有利于减少第一设备与第二设备之间的交互次数。并且，在本申请实施例中可无需对帧(如数据帧或控制帧)的帧结构进行改进，使得该方案的实现成本低且简单。
本申请实施例提供一种通信装置的结构示意图。请参照图17，为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图。如图17所示，通信装置1700包括处理模块1701和收发模块1702。
第一个实施例，通信装置1700可实现前文任一的第一设备的功能，例如，实现前文图3涉及的第一设备的功能。相应的，通信装置1700可实现前文任一的第一设备执行的步骤。
例如，收发模块1702可在处理模块1701的控制下，向第二设备发送确认帧1，以及接收来自第二设备的控制帧2。
可选的，收发模块1702可在处理模块1701的控制下，接收来自第二设备的控制帧1或数据帧1，向第二设备发送数据帧3，接收来自第二设备的确认帧3，以及向第二设备发送结束帧。可选的，处理模块1701还可确定与第二设备之间的交互结束。其中，确认帧1、控制帧2、数据帧3、确认帧3以及结束帧的内容可参照前文论述的内容。
第二个实施例，通信装置1700可实现前文任一的第二设备的功能，例如，实现前文图3涉及的第二设备的功能。相应的，通信装置1700可实现前文任一的第二设备执行的步骤。
例如，收发模块1702可在处理模块1701的控制下，接收来自第一设备的确认帧1，向第一设备发送控制帧2，以及接收来自第一设备的数据帧2。可选的，收发模块1702可在处理模块1701的控制下，向第一设备发送控制帧1或数据帧1，接收来自第一设备的数据帧3，向第一设备发送确认帧3，以及接收来自第一设备的结束帧。可选的，处理模块1701还可确定第一设备存在待发送的数据帧，以及确定与第一设备之间的交互结束。
本申请实施例提供一种通信装置的结构示意图。请参照图18，为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的结构示意图。如图18所示，通信装置1800包括处理器1801和通信接口1802。可以理解的是，通信接口1802可以为收发器或输入输出接口。其中，处理器1801和通信接口1802可实现前文任一所述的通信方法，例如，可实现前文图3所示的通信方法。
其中，处理器1801可以是中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)，还可以是其它通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件，硬件部件或者其任意组合。通用处理器可以是微处理器，也可以是任何常规的处理器。
可选的，通信装置1800还可以包括存储器1803，用于存储处理器1801执行的指令或存储处理器1801运行指令所需要的输入数据或存储处理器1801运行指令后产生的数据。
可选的，通信装置1800可实现前文图17中的通信装置1700的功能。例如，处理器1801用于实现上述处理模块1701的功能，通信接口1802用于实现上述收发模块1702的功能。
在一个实施例中，通信装置1800可实现前文任一的第一设备的功能。相应的，通信装置1800可实现前文第一设备执行的步骤。
在另一个实施例中，通信装置1800可实现前文任一的第二设备的功能。相应的，通信装置1800可实现前文第二设备执行的步骤。
本申请实施例提供一种通信系统，该通信系统包括第一设备和第二设备。第一设备的功能可参照前文任一的第一设备的功能，例如，图3涉及的第一设备的功能。第二设备的功能可参照前文任一的第二设备的功能，例如，图3涉及的第二设备的功能。
本申请实施例提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括：处理器和接口。其中，该处理器用于从该接口调用并运行指令，当该处理器执行该指令时，实现上述前文任一项所述的通信方法，例如，实现前文图3所示的通信方法。
本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质用于存储计算机程序或指令，当其被运行时，实现上述前文中任一项所述的通信方法，例如，实现前文图3所示的通信方法。
本申请实施例提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，实现上述前文中任一项所述的通信方法，例如，实现前文图3所示的通信方法。
本申请的实施例中的方法步骤可以通过硬件的方式来实现，也可以由处理器执行软件指令的方式来实现。软件指令可以由相应的软件模块组成，软件模块可以被存放于随机存取存储器、闪存、只读存储器、可编程只读存储器、可擦除可编程只读存储器、电可擦除可编程只读存储器、寄存器、硬盘、移动硬盘、CD-ROM或者本领域熟知的任何其它形式的存储介质中。一种示例性的存储介质耦合至处理器，从而使处理器能够从该存储介质读取信息，且可向该存储介质写入信息。当然，存储介质也可以是处理器的组成部分。处理器和存储介质可以位于ASIC中。另外，该ASIC可以位于基站或终端中。当然，处理器和存储介质也可以作为分立组件存在于基站或终端中。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机程序或指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序或指令时，全部或部分地执行本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、网络设备、用户设备或者其它可编程装置。所述计算机程序或指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机程序或指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线或无线方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是集成一个或多个可用介质的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带；也可以是光介质，例如，数字视频光盘；还可以是半导体介质，例如，固态硬盘。该计算机可读存储介质可以是易失性或非易失性存储介质，或可包括易失性和非易失性两种类型的存储介质。
在本申请的各个实施例中，如果没有特殊说明以及逻辑冲突，不同的实施例之间的术语和/或描述具有一致性、且可以相互引用，不同的实施例中的技术特征根据其内在的逻辑关系可以组合形成新的实施例。
可以理解的是，在本申请的实施例中涉及的各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请的实施例的范围。上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，应用于无线局域网中的第一设备；所述方法包括：
    向第二设备发送第一确认帧，所述第一确认帧指示所述第一设备期望接入信道；
    接收来自所述第二设备的第一控制帧，所述第一控制帧指示允许所述第一设备接入信道，所述第一控制帧包括所述第一设备的地址，所述第二设备为所述无线局域网中除了所述第一设备之外的任一设备；
    向所述第二设备发送第一数据帧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在向第二设备发送第一确认帧之前，所述方法还包括：
    接收来自所述第二设备的第二控制帧或第二数据帧，所述第二控制帧或所述第二数据帧指示第一时长，所述第一时长包括所述第二设备发送所述第一控制帧的时长，所述第一确认帧用于表示已接收所述第二控制帧或所述第二数据帧。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一确认帧还指示第二时长，所述第二时长包括所述第一设备期望占用所述信道的时长。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一控制帧还指示第三时长，所述第三时长包括所述第一设备占用所述信道的时长。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三时长等于所述第二时长。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    将第一定时器的时长设置为所述第三时长。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收来自所述第二设备的第二确认帧，所述第二确认帧指示所述第二设备已接收来自所述第一设备的数据帧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，在接收来自所述第二设备的第二确认帧之后，所述方法还包括：
    当所述第一定时器的剩余时长小于或等于第一阈值时，确定结束所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间的交互；或，
    当所述第一定时器的剩余时长大于第一阈值时，向所述第二设备发送结束帧，所述结束帧指示结束所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间的交互。
  9. 根据权利要求3-8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一确认帧包括时长字段，所述时长字段的取值为所述第二时长。
  10. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，应用于无线局域网中的第二设备，所述第二设备为所述无线局域网中的任一设备；所述方法包括：
    接收来自第一设备的第一确认帧，所述第一确认帧指示第一设备期望接入信道，所述第一设备为所述无线局域网中除了所述第二设备之外的任一设备；
    向所述第一设备发送第一控制帧，所述第一控制帧指示允许所述第一设备接入信道，所述第一控制帧包括所述第一设备的地址；
    接收来自所述第一设备的第一数据帧。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，在接收来自第一设备的第一确认帧之前，所述方法还包括：
    发送第二控制帧，或者向所述第一设备发送第二数据帧，所述第二控制帧或所述第二数据帧指示第一时长，所述第一时长包括所述第二设备发送所述第一控制帧的时长，所述第一确认帧用于表示已接收所述第二控制帧或所述第二数据帧。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一确认帧还指示第二时长，所述第二时长包括所述第一设备期望占用所述信道的时长。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一控制帧还指示第三时长，所述第三时长包括所述第一设备占用信道的时长。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三时长等于所述第二时长。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    将第二定时器的时长设置为所述第三时长。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    向所述第一设备发送第二确认帧，所述第二确认帧指示所述第二设备已接收来自所述第一设备的数据帧。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收来自所述第一设备的结束帧，所述结束帧指示结束所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间的交互；或，
    当所述第二定时器的剩余时长小于或等于第一阈值时，确定结束所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间的交互。
  18. 根据权利要求10-17中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在向所述第一设备发送第一控制帧之前，所述方法还包括：
    确定所述第一设备存在待发送的数据帧。
  19. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括用于实现如权利要求1-18中的方法的模块。
  20. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器和通信接口，所述通信接口用于接收来自所述通信装置之外的其它装置的信号并传输至所述处理器或将来自所述处理器的信号发送给所述通信装置之外的其它装置，所述处理器通过逻辑电路执行代码指令实现如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的方法。
  21. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括第一设备和第二设备，其中，所述第一设备用于执行如权利要求1-9中任一所述的方法，所述第二设备用于执行如权利要求10-18中任一项所述的方法。
  22. 一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，其特征在于，当所述指令被计算设备集群运行时，使得所述计算设备集群执行如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的方法。
  23. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当所述计算机程序或指令被通信装置执行时，实现如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的方法。
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