WO2024124542A1 - Procédé de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique, utilisation d'une lance de brûleur, et dispositif de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique - Google Patents

Procédé de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique, utilisation d'une lance de brûleur, et dispositif de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024124542A1
WO2024124542A1 PCT/CN2022/139645 CN2022139645W WO2024124542A1 WO 2024124542 A1 WO2024124542 A1 WO 2024124542A1 CN 2022139645 W CN2022139645 W CN 2022139645W WO 2024124542 A1 WO2024124542 A1 WO 2024124542A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel gas
burner lance
volume
fabric
burner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/139645
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Volkmar Lemme
Peter Sauerwein
Matthias Mayerhofer
Peifa YANG
Kay-Oliver GUGEL
Original Assignee
Linde Gmbh
Peifa YANG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde Gmbh, Peifa YANG filed Critical Linde Gmbh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/139645 priority Critical patent/WO2024124542A1/fr
Publication of WO2024124542A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024124542A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
    • B01J6/008—Pyrolysis reactions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/062—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes being installed in a furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00504—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00157—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
    • B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
    • B01J2219/0218—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components of ceramic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2212/00—Burner material specifications
    • F23D2212/10—Burner material specifications ceramic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for carrying out a chemical reaction, to a use of a burner lance, and to a device for carrying out a chemical reaction.
  • reactors are used in which one or more reactants are passed through heated reaction tubes and catalytically or non-catalytically reacted there.
  • the heating serves in particular to overcome the activation energy required for the chemical reaction that is taking place.
  • the reaction can proceed as a whole endothermically or, after overcoming the activation energy, exothermically.
  • the present invention relates in particular to strongly endothermic reactions.
  • Examples of such methods are various reforming methods, in particular steam reforming, in order to produce hydrogen or synthesis gas.
  • Tubes that run through the reactor without any U-bends are typically used in steam reforming.
  • the reaction tubes of corresponding reactors are conventionally heated using burners.
  • the reaction tubes are routed through a combustion chamber in which the burners are also arranged.
  • the fuel used may be residual gas of pressure-swing adsorbers, which gas may be mixed with a combustible additional gas.
  • multi-stage burners with several burner lances that are not cooled by a combustion air flow can be used. This lack of cooling can in particular lead to coking build-up and crack formation on the burner lances, which necessitates a high maintenance effort.
  • NOx nitrogen oxide
  • the invention proposes a method for carrying out a chemical reaction, a use of a burner lance, and a device for carrying out a chemical reaction with the features of the independent claims.
  • Dependent claims relate to preferred embodiments.
  • the invention employs the measure of using a burner lance having an oxide ceramic matrix composite (OCMC) as material.
  • OCMC oxide ceramic matrix composite
  • a method according to the invention for carrying out a chemical reaction comprises combusting a fuel gas by means of at least one burner lance in a combustion chamber in order to heat a reaction fluid; wherein the at least one burner lance is formed at least partially from an oxide ceramic matrix composite.
  • the expression “at least partially” refers here to the fact that at least the section of the burner lance at which combustion takes place is formed from the oxide ceramic matrix composite, e.g., at least a section that is located adjacent to an outlet opening for fuel gas.
  • the outlet opening can be added directly in the material of the oxide ceramic matrix composite or can be produced by an insert made of another material.
  • a monolithic ceramic or high-alloy metal which is incorporated into the oxide ceramic. This can be at least the section that projects into the combustion chamber.
  • a connecting element is provided on the burner lance, which element enables the fluidic connection to a fuel-gas supply line. This connecting element may be formed from a metal. It is also conceivable to form the burner lance completely from the oxide ceramic matrix composite.
  • the fuel gas is preferably supplied to the at least one burner lance at a pressure in the range of 0 bar to 6 bar, more preferably in the range of 0 bar to 2 bar.
  • a passage opening for supplying fuel gas in the it at least one burner lance has a cross-sectional area in the range of 250 mm 2 to 1000 mm 2 .
  • the fuel gas preferably has a proportion of carbon monoxide of at least 10%by volume (volume percent) and/or a proportion of carbon dioxide of at most 1%by volume. Likewise preferably, the proportion of carbon monoxide in the fuel gas is in the range of 5%by volume to 40%by volume and the proportion of carbon dioxide in the fuel gas is in the range of 0%by volume to 40%by volume. Such proportions enable the use of a residual gas from pressure-swing adsorbers as fuel gas.
  • exhaust gas or residual gas from a pressure-swing adsorber is used at least partially for the fuel gas.
  • This allows direct use of the absorbed combustible materials (in particular carbon monoxide) which accumulate during the purification of the produced gas (in particular hydrogen or synthesis gas) .
  • the chemical reaction may be a chemical reaction that proceeds at least partially at a temperature in the range of 300°C to 1400°C, in particular in the range of 400°C to 1100°C.
  • the chemical reaction is preferably a chemical reaction that proceeds at least partially at a temperature of at least 500°C, more preferably at least 700°C, in particular at least partially in a temperature range of 500°C or 700°C to 1100°C.
  • the chemical reaction is one of the following: steam cracking, steam reforming, dry reforming (carbon dioxide reforming) , propane dehydrogenation, generally reactions with hydrocarbons that are carried out at least partially at more than 500°C.
  • a fuel gas is combusted by means of the burner lance in a combustion chamber.
  • the burner lance is preferably provided in a nozzle-mix burner (e.g., in the method according to the invention) or is used in such a burner.
  • a burner lance made of an oxide ceramic matrix composite in a nozzle-mix burner is advantageous since, in the case of nozzle-mix burners, heating of fuel gas before exit from the nozzle often cannot be avoided structurally, wherein the associated cleavage of C-containing components in the heating gas again leads to coking of the burner nozzle. Due to the design in OCMC (oxide ceramic matrix composite) , coking can be avoided. The ceramic material does not provide any elements on which the coke can accumulate. Considerable expenses during operation of such systems are thus avoided and the service life of the nozzles is also increased.
  • the fuel gas is preferably supplied to the at least one burner lance at a pressure in the range of 0 bar to 6 bar, more preferably in the range of 0 bar to 2 bar, and/or a passage opening for supplying fuel gas in the at least one burner lance has a cross-sectional area in the range of 250 mm 2 to 1000 mm 2 .
  • the fuel gas preferably has a proportion of carbon monoxide of at least 10%by volume and/or a proportion of carbon dioxide of at most 1%by volume, and/or in the fuel gas, the proportion of carbon monoxide is in the range of 5%by volume to 40%by volume and the proportion of carbon dioxide is in the range of 0%by volume to 1%by volume.
  • the fuel gas used is preferably at least partially exhaust gas (residual gas) of a pressure-swing adsorber.
  • the oxide ceramic matrix composite is preferably a composite material that is produced from an oxide fiber fabric and an oxide ceramic powder, wherein the oxide fiber fabric is selected from an Al 2 O 3 fabric, a mullite fabric, a SiO 2 fabric, a ZrO 2 fabric, or a combination thereof, and wherein the oxide ceramic powder is selected from an Al 2 O 2 powder, a SiO 2 powder, or a combination thereof. Fuel lances produced from these material combinations have a high temperature resistance and suppress the formation of coking.
  • At least one burner lance that projects into a combustion chamber is provided for the combustion of a fuel gas, wherein the at least one burner lance is formed at least partially from an oxide ceramic matrix composite.
  • the oxide ceramic matrix composite is preferably a composite material that is produced from an oxide fiber fabric and an oxide ceramic powder, wherein the oxide fiber fabric is selected from an Al 2 O 3 fabric, a mullite fabric, a SiO 2 fabric, a ZrO 2 fabric, or a combination thereof, and wherein the oxide ceramic powder is selected from an Al 2 O 2 powder, a SiO 2 powder, or a combination thereof.
  • the device comprises a nozzle-mix burner in which the at least one burner lance is arranged; and/or a pressure-swing adsorber, wherein exhaust gas of the pressure-swing adsorber is supplied to the burner lance as fuel gas or at least as part of the fuel gas.
  • Figure 1 shows, by way of example, the structure of a combustion chamber of a system for carrying out a chemical reaction, in particular for steam reforming.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a burner lance according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, a simplified representation of the structure, known per se, of a combustion chamber 10 of a system for carrying out a chemical reaction. Further parts of the system for carrying out a chemical reaction are not shown.
  • the combustion chamber 10 is surrounded by walls 11.
  • steam reforming is mentioned as a chemical reaction by way of example; however, the invention may also be used for other chemical reactions.
  • natural gas is normally used as the feed material, which, mixed with steam, forms the process fluid.
  • many aliphatic hydrocarbons are suitable as feed material, e.g., light gasoline, methanol, biogas, or biomass.
  • carbon monoxide CO is also formed in steam reforming.
  • the process fluid is supplied to or discharged from the reaction tubes 12 via inlet and outlet headers (not shown) , which may also be arranged in the combustion chamber.
  • a catalyst may be provided in the reaction tubes.
  • the thermal energy is generated by combusting a fuel gas 2 (i.e., gaseous fuel) in the combustion chamber 10.
  • a fuel gas 2 i.e., gaseous fuel
  • burner lances 1 that project into the combustion chamber 10 and via which the fuel gas 2 is conducted into the combustion chamber 10 and combusted there (represented by symbolic flames 6) .
  • the burner lances 1 are connected here, for example, to a common fuel-gas supply line 4, via which the fuel gas 2 is supplied.
  • the illustration shown is greatly simplified; in general, one or more burner lances are arranged in a burner.
  • purification of the process fluid takes place in order to obtain hydrogen of a high degree of purity, e.g., above 99.99%by volume.
  • a plurality of alternately operated pressure-swing adsorbers may be used.
  • the purified substances may be obtained as residual gas or exhaust gas by regenerating the pressure-swing adsorber.
  • the residual gas is combustible and in particular rich in carbon monoxide CO. Accordingly, the residual gas can be used as fuel gas 2, wherein the residual gas may be mixed with an additional combustible gas (e.g., natural gas) in order to ensure sufficient heat generation.
  • an additional combustible gas e.g., natural gas
  • Figure 2 shows a burner lance 1 in a cross-sectional view, as it can be used according to the invention in a method for bringing about a chemical reaction, in particular for steam reforming, e.g., according to Figure 1.
  • the burner lance 1 is, by way of example, substantially cylindrical here.
  • a passage 24 is formed along a longitudinal axis 22, through which passage 24 the fuel gas can be conducted from an inlet opening 26 to an outlet opening 28 in order to be combusted there.
  • a connecting element 30 can be provided, which is configured to be connected to a fuel-gas supply line (e.g., directly or indirectly to the fuel-gas supply line 4 of Figure 1) .
  • the connecting element 30 may be made of a metal (e.g., steel) and may, for example, have a thread for screwing onto the fuel-gas supply line.
  • the burner lance has a wall 18 which surrounds the passage 24 so that essentially a hollow cylinder is formed.
  • An oxide ceramic matrix composite (OCMC) is used as the wall material 20.
  • Oxide ceramic matrix composites represent a composite material in which a composite (matrix) made of an oxide fiber fabric, e.g., Al 2 O 3 fabric, mullite fabric, and an oxide ceramic is formed.
  • the oxide fiber fabrics used may, for example, be Al 2 O 3 fabric, mullite fabric, or also fabric made of SiO 2 or ZrO 2 .
  • the oxide ceramic materials used may, for example, be Al 2 O 2 or SiO 2 .
  • Components may be produced, for example, by corresponding laminating techniques (in the case of the cylindrical structure shown here, the fabric may, for example, be wound) from oxide fiber fabric mats and powdery oxide ceramics.
  • the use of an oxide ceramic matrix composite is advantageous since ceramics tend to have a significantly lower tendency to coke so that the problems mentioned above in connection with Figure 1 can be greatly reduced.
  • the matrix composite which includes an oxide fiber, the formation of cracks or bridges in the ceramic, which is inherently brittle, can be avoided. It should be noted here that considerable material stresses may already occur due to the temperature differences and/or temperature changes in burner applications, e.g., between the inlet end and the outlet end or tip (where combustion takes place) of the burner lance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique, un gaz combustible (2) étant brûlé au moyen d'au moins une lance de brûleur (1) dans une chambre de combustion (10) afin de chauffer un fluide de réaction (14) ; et l'au moins une lance de brûleur (1) étant formée au moins partiellement à partir d'un composite à matrice céramique d'oxyde (20). En outre, l'invention concerne une utilisation d'une lance de brûleur qui est formée au moins partiellement à partir d'un composite à matrice céramique d'oxyde (20), dans un procédé de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique. L'invention concerne également un dispositif de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique.
PCT/CN2022/139645 2022-12-16 2022-12-16 Procédé de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique, utilisation d'une lance de brûleur, et dispositif de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique WO2024124542A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2022/139645 WO2024124542A1 (fr) 2022-12-16 2022-12-16 Procédé de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique, utilisation d'une lance de brûleur, et dispositif de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2022/139645 WO2024124542A1 (fr) 2022-12-16 2022-12-16 Procédé de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique, utilisation d'une lance de brûleur, et dispositif de mise en œuvre d'une réaction chimique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024124542A1 true WO2024124542A1 (fr) 2024-06-20

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WO (1) WO2024124542A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100761211B1 (ko) * 2006-08-31 2007-09-21 주식회사 포스코 부분연소식 산소예열 버너
EP2703339A1 (fr) * 2012-09-04 2014-03-05 Casale Chemicals S.A. Brûleur pour la production de gaz de synthèse
EP3689818A1 (fr) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-05 Casale Sa Réacteur et procédé d'oxydation partielle
US20220152584A1 (en) * 2019-03-15 2022-05-19 Basf Se Gas-tight, heat-permeable multilayer ceramic composite tube

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100761211B1 (ko) * 2006-08-31 2007-09-21 주식회사 포스코 부분연소식 산소예열 버너
EP2703339A1 (fr) * 2012-09-04 2014-03-05 Casale Chemicals S.A. Brûleur pour la production de gaz de synthèse
EP3689818A1 (fr) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-05 Casale Sa Réacteur et procédé d'oxydation partielle
US20220152584A1 (en) * 2019-03-15 2022-05-19 Basf Se Gas-tight, heat-permeable multilayer ceramic composite tube

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